101
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Avci P, Freire F, Banvolgyi A, Mylonakis E, Wikonkal NM, Hamblin MR. Sodium ascorbate kills Candida albicans in vitro via iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction: importance of oxygenation and metabolism. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1535-1547. [PMID: 27855492 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Ascorbate can inhibit growth and even decrease viability of various microbial species including Candida albicans. However the optimum conditions and the mechanism of action are unclear. Materials/methodology: Candida albicans shaken for 90 min in a buffered solution of ascorbate (90 mM) gave a 5-log reduction of cell viability, while there was no killing without shaking, in growth media with different carbon sources or at 4°C. Killing was inhibited by the iron chelator 2,2'-bipyridyl. Hydroxyphenyl fluorescein probe showed the intracellular generation of hydroxyl radicals. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Ascorbate-mediated killing of C. albicans depends on oxygenation and metabolism, involves iron-catalyzed generation of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton reaction and depletion of intracellular NADH. Ascorbate could serve as a component of a topical antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology & Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Fernanda Freire
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Biosciences & Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science & Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Andras Banvolgyi
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology & Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Norbert M Wikonkal
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology & Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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102
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Deficiency in Cardiolipin Reduces Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage in Human B-Lymphocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158376. [PMID: 27434059 PMCID: PMC4951097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is an inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid which plays an important role in mitochondrial function. Perturbation in CL biosynthesis alters mitochondrial bioenergetics causing a severe genetic disorder commonly known as Barth syndrome. Barth syndrome patients are known to have a reduced concentration and altered composition of CL. Cardiolipin is also known to have a high affinity for the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox), resulting in an extensive mitochondrial accumulation of the drug. Our results indicate that B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals are more sensitive to Dox-induced oxidative stress and cellular toxicity compared to the B-lymphocytes from Barth syndrome as indicated by greater cell death and greater level of cleaved caspase-3 following Dox treatment. Barth lymphocytes, when compared to healthy lymphocytes, showed a greater basal level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS), yet exhibited a lower level of induced mito-ROS production in response to Dox. Significantly less ATP content and slightly greater OXPHOS protein levels were detected in healthy cells compared to Barth cells after Dox treatment. Consistent with greater mitochondrial ROS, treatment with Dox induced a higher level of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in healthy lymphocytes compared to Barth lymphocytes. The final remodeling of CL during CL synthesis is catalyzed by the tafazzin protein. Knockdown of tafazzin gene in H9c2 cardiomyocytes using siRNA showed decreased oxidant-induced damage, as observed in Barth lymphocytes. Our findings demonstrate that a deficiency in CL might provide a therapeutic advantage in favor of oxidant-induced anticancer activities.
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103
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Song G, Napoli E, Wong S, Hagerman R, Liu S, Tassone F, Giulivi C. Altered redox mitochondrial biology in the neurodegenerative disorder fragile X-tremor/ataxia syndrome: use of antioxidants in precision medicine. Mol Med 2016; 22:548-559. [PMID: 27385396 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 55-200 expansion of the CGG nucleotide repeat in the 5'-UTR of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) is the hallmark of the triplet nucleotide disease known as the "premutation" as opposed to those with >200 repeats, known as the full mutation or fragile X syndrome. Originally, premutation carriers were thought to be free of phenotypic traits; however, some are diagnosed with emotional and neurocognitive issues and, later in life, with the neurodegenerative disease fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Considering that mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in fibroblasts and post-mortem brain samples from carriers of the premutation, we hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction-derived ROS may result in cumulative oxidative-nitrative damage. Fibroblasts from premutation carriers (n=31, all FXTAS-free except 8), compared to age- and sex-matched controls (n=25), showed increased mitochondrial ROS production, impaired Complex I activity, lower expression of MIA40 (rate-limiting step of the redox-regulated mitochondrial-disulfide-relay-system), increased mtDNA deletions, and increased biomarkers of lipid and protein oxidative-nitrative damage. Most of the outcomes were more pronounced in FXTAS-affected individuals. Significant recovery of mitochondrial mass and/or function was obtained with superoxide or hydroxyl radicals' scavengers, a glutathione peroxidase analog, or by overexpressing MIA40. The effects of ethanol (a hydroxyl radical scavenger) were deleterious, while others (by N-acetyl-cysteine, quercetin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate) were outcome- and/or carrier-specifics. The use of antioxidants in the context of precision medicine is discussed with the goal of improving mitochondrial function in carriers with the potential of decreasing the morbidity and/or delaying FXTAS onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Song
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Sarah Wong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Randi Hagerman
- Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, CA 95817.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento CA 95817
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Flora Tassone
- Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, CA 95817.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616.,Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, CA 95817
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104
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Weatherly LM, Shim J, Hashmi HN, Kennedy RH, Hess ST, Gosse JA. Antimicrobial agent triclosan is a proton ionophore uncoupler of mitochondria in living rat and human mast cells and in primary human keratinocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:777-89. [PMID: 26204821 PMCID: PMC4724348 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial used widely in hospitals and personal care products, at ~10 mm. Human skin efficiently absorbs TCS. Mast cells are ubiquitous key players both in physiological processes and in disease, including asthma, cancer and autism. We previously showed that non-cytotoxic levels of TCS inhibit degranulation, the release of histamine and other mediators, from rat basophilic leukemia mast cells (RBL-2H3), and in this study, we replicate this finding in human mast cells (HMC-1.2). Our investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect led to the discovery that TCS disrupts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in RBL-2H3 cells in glucose-free, galactose-containing media (95% confidence interval EC50 = 7.5-9.7 µm), without causing cytotoxicity. Using these same glucose-free conditions, 15 µm TCS dampens RBL-2H3 degranulation by 40%. The same ATP disruption was found with human HMC-1.2 cells (EC50 4.2-13.7 µm), NIH-3 T3 mouse fibroblasts (EC50 4.8-7.4 µm) and primary human keratinocytes (EC50 3.0-4.1 µm) all with no cytotoxicity. TCS increases oxygen consumption rate in RBL-2H3 cells. Known mitochondrial uncouplers (e.g., carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone) previously were found to inhibit mast cell function. TCS-methyl, which has a methyl group in place of the TCS ionizable proton, affects neither degranulation nor ATP production at non-cytotoxic doses. Thus, the effects of TCS on mast cell function are due to its proton ionophore structure. In addition, 5 µm TCS inhibits thapsigargin-stimulated degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells: further evidence that TCS disrupts mast cell signaling. Our data indicate that TCS is a mitochondrial uncoupler, and TCS may affect numerous cell types and functions via this mechanism. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Weatherly
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, 04469
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469
| | - Juyoung Shim
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469
| | - Hina N. Hashmi
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469
| | - Rachel H. Kennedy
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, 04469
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469
| | - Samuel T. Hess
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, 04469
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469
| | - Julie A. Gosse
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, 04469
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469
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105
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Śliwka L, Wiktorska K, Suchocki P, Milczarek M, Mielczarek S, Lubelska K, Cierpiał T, Łyżwa P, Kiełbasiński P, Jaromin A, Flis A, Chilmonczyk Z. The Comparison of MTT and CVS Assays for the Assessment of Anticancer Agent Interactions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155772. [PMID: 27196402 PMCID: PMC4873276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple in vitro tests are widely applied to assess the anticancer activity of new compounds, including their combinations and interactions with other drugs. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay is one of the most commonly used assays to assess the efficacy and interactions of anticancer agents. However, it can be significantly influenced by compounds that modify cell metabolism and reaction conditions. Therefore, several assays are sometimes used to screen for potential anticancer drugs. However, the majority of drug interactions are evaluated only with this single method. The aim of our studies was to verify whether the choice of an assay has an impact on determining the type of interaction and to identify the source of discrepancies. We compared the accuracy of MTT and CVS (crystal violet staining) assays in the interaction of two compounds characterized by similar anticancer activity: isothiocyanates (ITCs) and Selol. Confocal microscopy studies were carried out to assess the influence of these compounds on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential, dead-to-live cell ratio and MTT-tetrazolium salt reduction rate. The MTT assay was less reliable than CVS. The MTT test of Selol and 2-oxoheptyl ITC, which affected the ROS level and MTT reduction rate, gave false negative (2-oxoheptyl ITC) or false positive (Selol) results. As a consequence, the MTT assay identified an antagonistic interaction between Selol and ITC, while the metabolism-independent CVS test identified an additive or synergistic interaction. In this paper, we show for the first time that the test assay may change the interpretation of the compound interaction. Therefore, the test method should be chosen with caution, considering the mechanism of action of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Śliwka
- Department of Cell Biology, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Bioanalysis and Analysis of Drugs, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wiktorska
- Department of Cell Biology, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Piotr Suchocki
- Department of Bioanalysis and Analysis of Drugs, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Milczarek
- Department of Cell Biology, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
- Chair and Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Szymon Mielczarek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lubelska
- Department of Cell Biology, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cierpiał
- Department of Heteroorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Łyżwa
- Department of Heteroorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Kiełbasiński
- Department of Heteroorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Flis
- Department of Bioanalysis and Analysis of Drugs, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Chilmonczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, National Medicines Institute, Warszawa, Poland
- Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
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106
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Maillet A, Tan K, Chai X, Sadananda SN, Mehta A, Ooi J, Hayden MR, Pouladi MA, Ghosh S, Shim W, Brunham LR. Modeling Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived-Cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25333. [PMID: 27142468 PMCID: PMC4855185 DOI: 10.1038/srep25333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a highly efficacious anti-cancer drug but causes cardiotoxicity in many patients. The mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) remain incompletely understood. We investigated the characteristics and molecular mechanisms of DIC in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). We found that doxorubicin causes dose-dependent increases in apoptotic and necrotic cell death, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased intracellular calcium concentration. We characterized genome-wide changes in gene expression caused by doxorubicin using RNA-seq, as well as electrophysiological abnormalities caused by doxorubicin with multi-electrode array technology. Finally, we show that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated disruption of TOP2B, a gene implicated in DIC in mouse studies, significantly reduces the sensitivity of hPSC-CMs to doxorubicin-induced double stranded DNA breaks and cell death. These data establish a human cellular model of DIC that recapitulates many of the cardinal features of this adverse drug reaction and could enable screening for protective agents against DIC as well as assessment of genetic variants involved in doxorubicin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Maillet
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, National University of Singapore and the Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kim Tan
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, National University of Singapore and the Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Singh N Sadananda
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, National University of Singapore and the Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ashish Mehta
- National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Academic Clinical Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jolene Ooi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, National University of Singapore and the Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, National University of Singapore and the Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, National University of Singapore and the Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Winston Shim
- National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Academic Clinical Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Liam R Brunham
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, National University of Singapore and the Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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107
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Cheng Y, Kerppola RE, Kerppola TK. ATR-101 disrupts mitochondrial functions in adrenocortical carcinoma cells and in vivo. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:1-19. [PMID: 26843528 PMCID: PMC4887102 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) generally has poor prognosis. Existing treatments provide limited benefit for most patients with locally advanced or metastatic tumors. We investigated the mechanisms for the cytotoxicity, xenograft suppression, and adrenalytic activity of ATR-101 (PD132301-02), a prospective agent for ACC treatment. Oral administration of ATR-101 inhibited the establishment and impeded the growth of ACC-derived H295R cell xenografts in mice. ATR-101 induced H295R cell apoptosis in culture and in xenografts. ATR-101 caused mitochondrial hyperpolarization, reactive oxygen release, and ATP depletion within hours after exposure, followed by cytochrome c release, caspase-3/7 activation, and membrane permeabilization. The increase in mitochondrial membrane potential occurred concurrently with the decrease in cellular ATP levels. When combined with ATR-101, lipophilic free radical scavengers suppressed the reactive oxygen release, and glycolytic precursors prevented the ATP depletion, abrogating ATR-101 cytotoxicity. ATR-101 directly inhibited F1F0-ATPase activity and suppressed ATP synthesis in mitochondrial fractions. ATR-101 administration to guinea pigs caused oxidized lipofuscin accumulation in the zona fasciculate layer of the adrenal cortex, implicating reactive oxygen release in the adrenalytic effect of ATR-101. These results support the development of ATR-101 and other adrenalytic compounds for the treatment of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Cheng
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Tom Klaus Kerppola
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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108
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Shim J, Weatherly LM, Luc RH, Dorman MT, Neilson A, Ng R, Kim CH, Millard PJ, Gosse JA. Triclosan is a mitochondrial uncoupler in live zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1662-1667. [PMID: 27111768 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent used in many consumer goods at millimolar concentrations. As a result of exposure, TCS has been detected widely in humans. We have recently discovered that TCS is a proton ionophore mitochondrial uncoupler in multiple types of living cells. Here, we present novel data indicating that TCS is also a mitochondrial uncoupler in a living organism: 24-hour post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos. These experiments were conducted using a Seahorse Bioscience XFe 96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer modified for bidirectional temperature control, using the XF96 spheroid plate to position and measure one zebrafish embryo per well. Using this method, after acute exposure to TCS, the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) increases, without a decrease in survival or heartbeat rate. TCS also decreases ATP-linked respiration and spare respiratory capacity and increases proton leak: all indicators of mitochondrial uncoupling. Our data indicate, that TCS is a mitochondrial uncoupler in vivo, which should be taken into consideration when assessing the toxicity and/or pharmaceutical uses of TCS. This is the first example of usage of a Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer to measure bioenergetic flux of a single zebrafish embryo per well in a 96-well assay format. The method developed in this study provides a high-throughput tool to identify previously unknown mitochondrial uncouplers in a living organism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Shim
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Lisa M Weatherly
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Richard H Luc
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Maxwell T Dorman
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Andy Neilson
- Seahorse Bioscience, Inc., North Billerica, Massachusetts, 01862, USA
| | - Ryan Ng
- Seahorse Bioscience, Inc., North Billerica, Massachusetts, 01862, USA
| | - Carol H Kim
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Paul J Millard
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Laboratory for Surface Science & Technology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Julie A Gosse
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.
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109
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Kulhari H, Pooja D, Kota R, Reddy TS, Tabor RF, Shukla R, Adams DJ, Sistla R, Bansal V. Cyclic RGDfK Peptide Functionalized Polymeric Nanocarriers for Targeting Gemcitabine to Ovarian Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1491-500. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Kulhari
- Ian
Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory,
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- Health
Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- IICT-RMIT
Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Deep Pooja
- Ian
Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory,
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Raju Kota
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - T. Srinivasa Reddy
- Ian
Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory,
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- Health
Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- IICT-RMIT
Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Rico F. Tabor
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ravi Shukla
- Ian
Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory,
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- Health
Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - David J. Adams
- Health
Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Vipul Bansal
- Ian
Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory,
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- Health
Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
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110
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Galgamuwa R, Hardy K, Dahlstrom JE, Blackburn AC, Wium E, Rooke M, Cappello JY, Tummala P, Patel HR, Chuah A, Tian L, McMorrow L, Board PG, Theodoratos A. Dichloroacetate Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity without Compromising Cisplatin Anticancer Properties. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3331-3344. [PMID: 26961349 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015070827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective anticancer drug; however, cisplatin use often leads to nephrotoxicity, which limits its clinical effectiveness. In this study, we determined the effect of dichloroacetate, a novel anticancer agent, in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced AKI. Pretreatment with dichloroacetate significantly attenuated the cisplatin-induced increase in BUN and serum creatinine levels, renal tubular apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Additionally, pretreatment with dichloroacetate accelerated tubular regeneration after cisplatin-induced renal damage. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that dichloroacetate prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and preserved the energy-generating capacity of the kidneys by preventing the cisplatin-induced downregulation of fatty acid and glucose oxidation, and of genes involved in the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Notably, dichloroacetate did not interfere with the anticancer activity of cisplatin in vivo. These data provide strong evidence that dichloroacetate preserves renal function when used in conjunction with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristine Hardy
- Faculty of Education, Science, Technology and Mathematics, University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jane E Dahlstrom
- ACT Pathology and ANU Medical School, The Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Elize Wium
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics and
| | | | | | | | | | - Aaron Chuah
- Genome Discovery Unit, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Luyang Tian
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Linda McMorrow
- Archaeogeochemistry and Marine Biogeochemistry Groups, Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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111
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Crocin protects against doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats through down-regulation of inflammatory and apoptic pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 247:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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112
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Hull TD, Boddu R, Guo L, Tisher CC, Traylor AM, Patel B, Joseph R, Prabhu SD, Suliman HB, Piantadosi CA, Agarwal A, George JF. Heme oxygenase-1 regulates mitochondrial quality control in the heart. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e85817. [PMID: 27110594 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardioprotective inducible enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) degrades prooxidant heme into equimolar quantities of carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and iron. We hypothesized that HO-1 mediates cardiac protection, at least in part, by regulating mitochondrial quality control. We treated WT and HO-1 transgenic mice with the known mitochondrial toxin, doxorubicin (DOX). Relative to WT mice, mice globally overexpressing human HO-1 were protected from DOX-induced dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac cytoarchitectural derangement, and infiltration of CD11b+ mononuclear phagocytes. Cardiac-specific overexpression of HO-1 ameliorated DOX-mediated dilation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum as well as mitochondrial disorganization in the form of mitochondrial fragmentation and increased numbers of damaged mitochondria in autophagic vacuoles. HO-1 overexpression promotes mitochondrial biogenesis by upregulating protein expression of NRF1, PGC1α, and TFAM, which was inhibited in WT animals treated with DOX. Concomitantly, HO-1 overexpression inhibited the upregulation of the mitochondrial fission mediator Fis1 and resulted in increased expression of the fusion mediators, Mfn1 and Mfn2. It also prevented dynamic changes in the levels of key mediators of the mitophagy pathway, PINK1 and parkin. Therefore, these findings suggest that HO-1 has a novel role in protecting the heart from oxidative injury by regulating mitochondrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis D Hull
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ravindra Boddu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lingling Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Cornelia C Tisher
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amie M Traylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bindiya Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Reny Joseph
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hagir B Suliman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James F George
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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113
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Yuan H, Zhang Q, Guo J, Zhang T, Zhao J, Li J, White A, Carmichael PL, Westmoreland C, Peng S. A PGC-1α-Mediated Transcriptional Network Maintains Mitochondrial Redox and Bioenergetic Homeostasis against Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in Human Cardiomyocytes: Implementation of TT21C. Toxicol Sci 2016; 150:400-17. [PMID: 26781513 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical toxicity testing is fast moving in a direction that relies increasingly on cell-basedin vitroassays anchored on toxicity pathways according to the toxicity testing in the 21st century vision. Identifying points of departure (POD) via these assays and revealing their mechanistic underpinnings via computational modeling of the relevant pathways are critical and challenging steps. Here we used doxorubicin (DOX) as a prototype chemical to study mitochondrial toxicity in human AC16 cells. Mitochondrial toxicity has been linked to cardiovascular risk of DOX, which has limited its clinical use as an antitumor drug. Ourin vitrostudy revealed a well-defined POD concentration of DOX below which adaptive induction of proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) -mediated mitochondrial genes, including NRF-1, MnSOD, UCP2, and COX1, concurred with negligible changes in mitochondrial superoxide and cytotoxicity. At higher DOX concentrations adversity became significant with elevated superoxide and suppressed ATP levels. A computational model was formulated to simulate the PGC-1α-mediated transcriptional network comprising multiple negative feedback loops that underlie redox and bioenergetics homeostasis in the mitochondrion. The model recapitulated the transition phase from adaptive to adverse responses, supporting the notion that saturated induction of PGC-1α-mediated gene network underpins POD. The model further predicts (follow-up experiments verified) that silencing PGC-1α compromises the adaptive function of the transcriptional network, leading to disruption of mitochondria and cytotoxicity at lower DOX concentrations. In summary, our study demonstrates that combining pathway-focusedin vitroassays and computational simulation of relevant biochemical network is synergistic for understanding dose-response behaviors in the low-dose region and identifying POD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yuan
- *Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; and
| | - Jiabin Guo
- *Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tingfen Zhang
- *Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- *Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jin Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Andrew White
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Paul L Carmichael
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Carl Westmoreland
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- *Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China;
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114
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Li M, Li J, Meng G, Liu X. Protective effects of diltiazem against vascular endothelial cell injury induced by angiotensin-II and hypoxia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:337-43. [PMID: 25661249 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To provide pharmacological data for future clinical studies, this study investigated the protective effects of diltiazem on vascular endothelial cell (VEC) injury induced by angiotensin-II (AngII), hypoxia, and a combination of both treatments. The concentration of intracellular free calcium and the mitochondrial membrane potential in VEC were assessed as indicators of cell injury. An in vivo hypoxic animal model was used to test the protective effect of diltiazem on vascular endothelial tissues. Our study showed that AngII and hypoxia decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in VEC, which was significantly inhibited by diltiazem. Diltiazem protected against VEC injury induced by the increased concentration of intracellular free calcium, which was associated with AngII and hypoxia. Diltiazem reduced the apoptosis of rat VEC under a sustained hypoxic condition. In addition, it reduced AngII and endothelin I levels in rat vascular endothelial tissues. Our study confirmed that AngII and hypoxia induced VEC injury by regulating the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular free calcium. Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, protected VEC from AngII- and hypoxia-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggao Li
- Aviation and Diving Medical Center, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
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115
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Yang L, Luo C, Chen C, Wang X, Shi W, Liu J. All-trans retinoic acid protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by activating the ERK2 signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:357-71. [PMID: 26507774 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Doxorubicin is a powerful antineoplastic agent for treating a wide range of cancers. However, doxorubicin cardiotoxicity of the heart has largely limited its clinical use. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays an important role in many cardiac biological processes, but its protective effects on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity remain unknown. Here, we studied the effect of ATRA on doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES Cellular viability assays, Western blotting and mitochondrial respiration analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to ATRA in H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes. Quantitative PCR and gene knockdown were performed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ATRA's effects on doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. KEY RESULTS ATRA significantly inhibited doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes. ATRA was more effective against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity than resveratrol and dexrazoxane. ATRA also suppressed reactive oxygen species generation and restored expression levels of mRNA and proteins in the phase II detoxifying enzyme system: nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, manganese superoxide dismutase, haem oxygenase-1, and mitochondrial function (mitochondrial membrane integrity, mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and mitochondrial respiration capacity, biogenesis and dynamics). Both a ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and ERK2 siRNA, but not ERK1 siRNA, abolished the protective effect of ATRA against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells. Remarkably, ATRA did not compromise the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin in gastric carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ATRA protected cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin-induced toxicity, by activating the ERK2 pathway, without compromising its anticancer efficacy. Therefore, ATRA is a promising candidate as a cardioprotective agent against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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116
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Sarin H. Conserved molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of small molecule xenobiotic chemotherapeutics on cells. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 4:326-368. [PMID: 26998284 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For proper determination of the apoptotic potential of chemoxenobiotics in synergism, it is important to understand the modes, levels and character of interactions of chemoxenobiotics with cells in the context of predicted conserved biophysical properties. Chemoxenobiotic structures are studied with respect to atom distribution over molecular space, the predicted overall octanol-to-water partition coefficient (Log OWPC; unitless) and molecular size viz a viz van der Waals diameter (vdWD). The Log OWPC-to-vdWD (nm-1 ) parameter is determined, and where applicable, hydrophilic interacting moiety/core-to-vdWD (nm-1 ) and lipophilic incorporating hydrophobic moiety/core-to-vdWD (nm-1 ) parameters of their part-structures are determined. The cellular and sub-cellular level interactions of the spectrum of xenobiotic chemotherapies have been characterized, for which a classification system has been developed based on predicted conserved biophysical properties with respect to the mode of chemotherapeutic effect. The findings of this study are applicable towards improving the effectiveness of existing combination chemotherapy regimens and the predictive accuracy of personalized cancer treatment algorithms as well as towards the selection of appropriate novel xenobiotics with the potential to be potent chemotherapeutics for dendrimer nanoparticle-based effective transvascular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Sarin
- Freelance Investigator in Translational Science and Medicine, Charleston, WV 25314, USA
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117
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Singh P, Sharma R, McElhanon K, Allen CD, Megyesi JK, Beneš H, Singh SP. Sulforaphane protects the heart from doxorubicin-induced toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:90-101. [PMID: 26025579 PMCID: PMC4554811 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is one of the major side effects encountered during cancer chemotherapy with doxorubicin (DOX) and other anthracyclines. Previous studies have shown that oxidative stress caused by DOX is one of the primary mechanisms for its toxic effects on the heart. Since the redox-sensitive transcription factor, Nrf2, plays a major role in protecting cells from the toxic metabolites generated during oxidative stress, we examined the effects of the phytochemical sulforaphane (SFN), a potent Nrf2-activating agent, on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. These studies were carried out both in vitro and in vivo using rat H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells and wild type 129/sv mice, and involved SFN pretreatment followed by SFN administration during DOX exposure. SFN treatment protected H9c2 cells from DOX cytotoxicity and also resulted in restored cardiac function and a significant reduction in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy and mortality in mice. Specificity of SFN induction of Nrf2 and protection of H9c2 cells was demonstrated in Nrf2 knockdown experiments. Cardiac accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts, due to lipid peroxidation following DOX-induced oxidative stress, was significantly attenuated by SFN treatment. The respiratory function of cardiac mitochondria isolated from mice exposed to DOX alone was repressed, while SFN treatment with DOX significantly elevated mitochondrial respiratory complex activities. Co-administration of SFN reversed the DOX-associated reduction in nuclear Nrf2 binding activity and restored cardiac expression of Nrf2-regulated genes at both the RNA and protein levels. Together, our results demonstrate for the first time that the Nrf2 inducer, SFN, has the potential to provide protection against DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rajendra Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Kevin McElhanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Charles D Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Judit K Megyesi
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Helen Beneš
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Sharda P Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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118
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Banerji B, Pramanik SK. Synthesis and cytotoxicity studies of 1-propenyl-1,3-dihydro-benzimidazol-2-one. J Chem Biol 2015; 8:73-8. [PMID: 26101549 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-015-0130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A heterocyclic compound 1-propenyl-1,3-dihydro-benzimidazol-2-one was synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed rearrangement reaction. Anticancer activities were confirmed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against Neura 2a (neuroblastoma cell), HEK 293 (kidney cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines at low micromolar range. Furthermore, clear images from phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopes and confocal images unambiguously confirm the cancer cell death. The single X-ray crystal structure of the compound unambiguously proves the structure of the benzimidazolone compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadip Banerji
- Department of Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
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119
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Senutovitch N, Vernetti L, Boltz R, DeBiasio R, Gough A, Taylor DL. Fluorescent protein biosensors applied to microphysiological systems. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:795-808. [PMID: 25990438 PMCID: PMC4464952 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215584934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review discusses the evolution of fluorescence as a tool to study living cells and tissues in vitro and the present role of fluorescent protein biosensors (FPBs) in microphysiological systems (MPSs). FPBs allow the measurement of temporal and spatial dynamics of targeted cellular events involved in normal and perturbed cellular assay systems and MPSs in real time. FPBs evolved from fluorescent analog cytochemistry (FAC) that permitted the measurement of the dynamics of purified proteins covalently labeled with environmentally insensitive fluorescent dyes and then incorporated into living cells, as well as a large list of diffusible fluorescent probes engineered to measure environmental changes in living cells. In parallel, a wide range of fluorescence microscopy methods were developed to measure the chemical and molecular activities of the labeled cells, including ratio imaging, fluorescence lifetime, total internal reflection, 3D imaging, including super-resolution, as well as high-content screening. FPBs evolved from FAC by combining environmentally sensitive fluorescent dyes with proteins in order to monitor specific physiological events such as post-translational modifications, production of metabolites, changes in various ion concentrations, and the dynamic interaction of proteins with defined macromolecules in time and space within cells. Original FPBs involved the engineering of fluorescent dyes to sense specific activities when covalently attached to particular domains of the targeted protein. The subsequent development of fluorescent proteins (FPs), such as the green fluorescent protein, dramatically accelerated the adoption of studying living cells, since the genetic "labeling" of proteins became a relatively simple method that permitted the analysis of temporal-spatial dynamics of a wide range of proteins. Investigators subsequently engineered the fluorescence properties of the FPs for environmental sensitivity that, when combined with targeted proteins/peptides, created a new generation of FPBs. Examples of FPBs that are useful in MPS are presented, including the design, testing, and application in a liver MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Senutovitch
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Department of Computational & Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Lawrence Vernetti
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Department of Computational & Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Robert Boltz
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Department of Computational & Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Richard DeBiasio
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Albert Gough
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Department of Computational & Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA University of Pittsburgh Department of Computational & Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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120
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Yamaguchi SI, Ueki A, Sugihara E, Onishi N, Yaguchi T, Kawakami Y, Horiuchi K, Morioka H, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Muto A, Toyama Y, Saya H, Shimizu T. Synergistic antiproliferative effect of imatinib and adriamycin in platelet-derived growth factor receptor-expressing osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:875-82. [PMID: 25940371 PMCID: PMC4520639 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary solid malignant tumor of bone. Its prognosis remains poor in the substantial proportion of patients who do not respond to chemotherapy and novel therapeutic options are therefore needed. We previously established a mouse model that mimics the aggressive behavior of human OS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based screening of such mouse tumor lysates identified platelet-derived growth factor–BB (PDGF-BB) as an abundant soluble factor, the gene for which was expressed dominantly in surrounding non-malignant cells of the tumor, whereas that for the cognate receptor (PDGF receptor β) was highly expressed in OS cells. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB induced activation of both MEK–ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–protein kinase B signaling pathways and promoted survival in OS cells deprived of serum, and these effects were blocked by the PDGF receptor inhibitor imatinib. However, these actions of PDGF-BB and imatinib were mostly masked in the presence of serum. Whereas imatinib alone did not manifest an antitumor effect in mice harboring OS tumors, combined treatment with imatinib and adriamycin exerted a synergistic antiproliferative effect on OS cells in vivo. These results suggest that treatment of OS with imatinib is effective only when cell survival is dependent on PDGF signaling or when imatinib is combined with another therapeutic intervention that renders the tumor cells susceptible to imatinib action, such as by inducing cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka I Yamaguchi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Ueki
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Core research for evolutionary science and technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onishi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Morioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Muto
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Core research for evolutionary science and technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatsune Shimizu
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Core research for evolutionary science and technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathophysiology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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121
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Cheung KG, Cole LK, Xiang B, Chen K, Ma X, Myal Y, Hatch GM, Tong Q, Dolinsky VW. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) Protein Attenuates Doxorubicin-induced Oxidative Stress and Improves Mitochondrial Respiration in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10981-93. [PMID: 25759382 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.607960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent effective in the treatment of many cancers. However, cardiac dysfunction caused by DOX limits its clinical use. DOX is believed to be harmful to cardiomyocytes by interfering with the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin and causing inefficient electron transfer resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) is a class III lysine deacetylase that is localized to the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress resistance enzymes such as superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2). The purpose of this study was to determine whether SIRT3 prevents DOX-induced mitochondrial ROS production. Administration of DOX to mice suppressed cardiac SIRT3 expression, and DOX induced a dose-dependent decrease in SIRT3 and SOD2 expression in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. SIRT3-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts produced significantly more ROS in the presence of DOX compared with wild-type cells. Overexpression of wild-type SIRT3 increased cardiolipin levels and rescued mitochondrial respiration and SOD2 expression in DOX-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes and attenuated the amount of ROS produced following DOX treatment. These effects were absent when a deacetylase-deficient SIRT3 was expressed in H9c2 cells. Our results suggest that overexpression of SIRT3 attenuates DOX-induced ROS production, and this may involve increased SOD2 expression and improved mitochondrial bioenergetics. SIRT3 activation could be a potential therapy for DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Cheung
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, and
| | - Laura K Cole
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, and
| | - Bo Xiang
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, and
| | - Keyun Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xiuli Ma
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, and
| | - Yvonne Myal
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada and
| | - Grant M Hatch
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, and
| | - Qiang Tong
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, and
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122
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Ciscato F, Sciacovelli M, Villano G, Turato C, Bernardi P, Rasola A, Pontisso P. SERPINB3 protects from oxidative damage by chemotherapeutics through inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex I. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2418-27. [PMID: 24810714 PMCID: PMC4058015 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SERPINB3 (SB3) is a serine protease inhibitor overexpressed in several malignancies of epithelial origin, including primary liver cancer, where it inhibits apoptosis through poorly defined mechanisms. In the present study we analyze the effect of SB3 on hepatoma cell death elicited by a panel of chemotherapeutic agents. We report that SB3 shields cells from the toxicity of drugs with a pro-oxidant action such as doxorubicin, cisplatin and EM20-25. The rapid rise in ROS levels prompted by these compounds causes opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), irreversibly committing cells to death. We find that a fraction of SB3 locates in mitochondrial inner compartments, and that this mitochondrial fraction increases under conditions of oxidative stress. Mitochondrial SB3 inhibits ROS generation and the ensuing PTP induction and cell death through an inhibitory interaction with respiratory Complex I. These findings identify a novel mechanism of action of SB3 that contributes to tumor cell resistance to anti-neoplastic drugs
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ciscato
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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123
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Kuznetsov AV, Javadov S, Sickinger S, Frotschnig S, Grimm M. H9c2 and HL-1 cells demonstrate distinct features of energy metabolism, mitochondrial function and sensitivity to hypoxia-reoxygenation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1853:276-84. [PMID: 25450968 PMCID: PMC4388199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of cardiac energy metabolism plays a critical role in many cardiac diseases, including heart failure, myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury and organ transplantation. The characteristics of these diseases can be elucidated in vivo, though animal-free in vitro experiments, with primary adult or neonatal cardiomyocytes, the rat ventricular H9c2 cell line or the mouse atrial HL-1 cells, providing intriguing experimental alternatives. Currently, it is not clear how H9c2 and HL-1 cells mimic the responses of primary cardiomyocytes to hypoxia and oxidative stress. In the present study, we show that H9c2 cells are more similar to primary cardiomyocytes than HL-1 cells with regard to energy metabolism patterns, such as cellular ATP levels, bioenergetics, metabolism, function and morphology of mitochondria. In contrast to HL-1, H9c2 cells possess beta-tubulin II, a mitochondrial isoform of tubulin that plays an important role in mitochondrial function and regulation. We demonstrate that H9c2 cells are significantly more sensitive to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in terms of loss of cell viability and mitochondrial respiration, whereas HL-1 cells were more resistant to hypoxia as evidenced by their relative stability. In comparison to HL-1 cells, H9c2 cells exhibit a higher phosphorylation (activation) state of AMP-activated protein kinase, but lower peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha levels, suggesting that each cell type is characterized by distinct regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Our results provide evidence that H9c2 cardiomyoblasts are more energetically similar to primary cardiomyocytes than are atrial HL-1 cells. H9c2 cells can be successfully used as an in vitro model to simulate cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA
| | - Stephan Sickinger
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Sandra Frotschnig
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Michael Grimm
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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124
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Tomankova K, Polakova K, Pizova K, Binder S, Havrdova M, Kolarova M, Kriegova E, Zapletalova J, Malina L, Horakova J, Malohlava J, Kolokithas-Ntoukas A, Bakandritsos A, Kolarova H, Zboril R. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis of doxorubicin-loaded/superparamagnetic iron oxide colloidal nanoassemblies on MCF7 and NIH3T3 cell lines. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:949-61. [PMID: 25673990 PMCID: PMC4321606 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s72590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the promising strategies for improvement of cancer treatment is based on magnetic drug delivery systems, thus avoiding side effects of standard chemotherapies. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have ideal properties to become a targeted magnetic drug delivery contrast probes, named theranostics. We worked with SPIO condensed colloidal nanocrystal clusters (MagAlg) prepared through a new soft biomineralization route in the presence of alginate as the polymeric shell and loaded with doxorubicin (DOX). The aim of this work was to study the in vitro cytotoxicity of these new MagAlg-DOX systems on mouse fibroblast and breast carcinoma cell lines. For proper analysis and understanding of cell behavior after administration of MagAlg-DOX compared with free DOX, a complex set of in vitro tests, including production of reactive oxygen species, comet assay, cell cycle determination, gene expression, and cellular uptake, were utilized. It was found that the cytotoxic effect of MagAlg-DOX system is delayed compared to free DOX in both cell lines. This was attributed to the different mechanism of internalization of DOX and MagAlg-DOX into the cells, together with the fact that the drug is strongly bound on the drug nanocarriers. We discovered that nanoparticles can attenuate or even inhibit the effect of DOX, particularly in the tumor MCF7 cell line. This is a first comprehensive study on the cytotoxic effect of DOX-loaded SPIO compared with free DOX on healthy and cancer cell lines, as well as on the induced changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tomankova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Polakova
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Pizova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Svatopluk Binder
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Havrdova
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mary Kolarova
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zapletalova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Malina
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Horakova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Malohlava
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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125
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Dong Q, Chen L, Lu Q, Sharma S, Li L, Morimoto S, Wang G. Quercetin attenuates doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by modulating Bmi-1 expression. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4440-54. [PMID: 24902966 PMCID: PMC4209150 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy induces cardiotoxicity, which limits its clinical application. We previously reported the protective effects of quercetin against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, we tested the effects of quercetin on the expression of Bmi-1, a protein regulating mitochondrial function and ROS generation, as a mechanism underlying quercetin-mediated protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of quercetin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated using H9c2 cardiomyocytes and C57BL/6 mice. Changes in apoptosis, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and related signalling were evaluated in H9c2 cells. Cardiac function, serum enzyme activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured in mice after a single injection of doxorubicin with or without quercetin pre-treatment. KEY RESULTS In H9c2 cells, quercetin reduced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS generation and DNA double-strand breaks. The quercetin-mediated protection against doxorubicin toxicity was characterized by decreased expression of Bid, p53 and oxidase (p47 and Nox1) and by increased expression of Bcl-2 and Bmi-1. Bmi-1 siRNA abolished the protective effect of quercetin against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, quercetin protected mice from doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction that was accompanied by reduced ROS levels and lipid peroxidation, but enhanced the expression of Bmi-1 and anti-oxidative superoxide dismutase. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrate that quercetin decreased doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by reducing oxidative stress by up-regulation of Bmi-1 expression. The findings presented in this study have potential applications in preventing doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Dong
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Chen
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sherven Sharma
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and the Veterans AffairsLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan
| | - Sachio Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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126
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Xiang Q, Ma Y, Dong J, Shen R. Carnosic acid induces apoptosis associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and Akt inactivation in HepG2 cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 66:76-84. [PMID: 25265205 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.953452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic diterpene isolated from rosemary, shows potential benefits in health promotion and disease prevention. In the present study, the cytotoxic and apoptotic-inducing effects of CA on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were investigated. The MTT assay results indicated that CA decreased cell viability in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with CA caused a rapid Caspase-3 activation and subsequently proteolytic cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), both of which were markers of cells undergoing apoptosis. CA also dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein, which mediated cytosolic translocation of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Furthermore, CA reduced the phosphorylation of Akt, which was partially inhibited by insulin, an activator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway. In conclusion, our data suggest that the mitochondrial dysfunction and deactivation of Akt may contribute to the apoptosis-inducing effects of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisen Xiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou , China
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127
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Fedotcheva TA, Akopdjanov AG, Shimanovskii NL, Mingalev VV, Banin VV, Zemlanaya AA, Teplova VV, Fedotcheva NI. Redox-dependent ferric oxide nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin and their influence on the functions of mitochondria. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350914050078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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128
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Spillmann CM, Naciri J, Algar WR, Medintz IL, Delehanty JB. Multifunctional liquid crystal nanoparticles for intracellular fluorescent imaging and drug delivery. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6986-6997. [PMID: 24979226 DOI: 10.1021/nn501816z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A continuing goal of nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery (NMDD) is the simultaneous improvement of drug efficacy coupled with tracking of the intracellular fate of the nanoparticle delivery vehicle and its drug cargo. Here, we present a robust multifunctional liquid crystal NP (LCNP)-based delivery system that affords facile intracellular fate tracking coupled with the efficient delivery and modulation of the anticancer therapeutic doxorubicin (Dox), employed here as a model drug cargo. The LCNPs consist of (1) a liquid crystal cross-linking agent, (2) a homologue of the organic chromophore perylene, and (3) a polymerizable surfactant containing a carboxylate headgroup. The NP core provides an environment to both incorporate fluorescent dye for spectrally tuned particle tracking and encapsulation of amphiphilic and/or hydrophobic agents for intracellular delivery. The carboxylate head groups enable conjugation to biologicals to facilitate the cellular uptake of the particles. Upon functionalization of the NPs with transferrin, we show the ability to differentially label the recycling endocytic pathway in HEK 293T/17 cells in a time-resolved manner with minimal cytotoxicity and with superior dye photostability compared to traditional organic fluorophores. Further, when passively loaded with Dox, the NPs mediate the rapid uptake and subsequent sustained release of Dox from within endocytic vesicles. We demonstrate the ability of the LCNPs to simultaneously serve as both an efficient delivery vehicle for Dox as well as a modulator of the drug's cytotoxicity. Specifically, the delivery of Dox as a LCNP conjugate results in a ∼40-fold improvement in its IC50 compared to free Dox in solution. Cumulatively, our results demonstrate the utility of the LCNPs as an effective nanomaterial for simultaneous cellular imaging, tracking, and delivery of drug cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Spillmann
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington, D.C., 20375, United States
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129
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A novel manganese complex LMnAc selectively kills cancer cells by induction of ROS-triggered and mitochondrial-mediated cell death. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:998-1010. [PMID: 24935782 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified a novel synthesized metal compound, LMnAc ([L2Mn2(Ac)(H2O)2](Ac) (L=bis(2-pyridylmethyl) amino-2-propionic acid)). This compound exhibited significant inhibition on cancer cell proliferation and was more selective against cancer cells than was the popular chemotherapeutic reagent cisplatin. In this study, we further investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of LMnAc-induced cancer cell death. We found that LMnAc achieved its selectivity against cancer cells through the transferrin-transferrin receptor system, which is highly expressed in tumor cells. LMnAc triggered cancer cells to commit autophagy and apoptosis, which was mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, LMnAc disrupted mitochondrial function, resulting in mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and ATP reduction. In addition, LMnAc induced intracellular Ca(2+) overload and reactive oxygen species generation. Interestingly, its anticancer effect was significantly reduced following pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, indicating that reactive oxygen species triggered cell death. Altogether, our data suggest that LMnAc appears to be a selectively promising anticancer drug candidate.
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130
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Capelôa T, Caramelo F, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Gomes C, Silva AP. Role of methamphetamine on glioblastoma cytotoxicity induced by doxorubicin and methotrexate. Neurotox Res 2014; 26:216-27. [PMID: 24652521 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-014-9464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor with a high mortality rate. Doxorubicin (DOX) and methotrexate (MTX) showed to be effective against a wide range of tumors, but its use in GBM treatment is limited in part due to the inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Based on recent studies demonstrating that methamphetamine (METH) increases BBB permeability, we hypothesized that it could be used as a pharmacological tool to allow the entry of potential therapeutic drugs into the brain. Nevertheless, before attempting this approach it is crucial to understand the cytotoxicity of such drug combinations. Herein, we evaluated the effects of METH on cell viability, migration, chemotaxis, and cell cycle, as well as its modulator effects on DOX or MTX-induced cytotoxicity in a human U118 GBM cell line. Our results demonstrated that both chemotherapeutic drugs DOX and MTX induced a pronounced decrease in cell viability, migration, and chemotaxis, and led to a cell cycle arrest at G2 and S phases, respectively. Additionally, METH (1 μM) neither interfered with U-118 cell viability, migration, or cell cycle nor modified DOX- or MTX-induced cytotoxicity. Noteworthy, METH by itself impaired cell chemotaxis with a similar effect to that induced by DOX or MTX alone. Overall, we can conclude that both DOX and MTX are highly cytotoxic against GBM cells and that METH, at a concentration previously shown to increase endothelial cell permeability without leading to cell death, does not interfere with the cytotoxicity of both chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Capelôa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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131
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Choudhary V, Kaddour-Djebbar I, Alaisami R, Kumar MV, Bollag WB. Mitofusin 1 degradation is induced by a disruptor of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, CGP37157: a role in apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1767-73. [PMID: 24626641 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria constantly divide (mitochondrial fission) and fuse (mitochondrial fusion) in a normal cell. Disturbances in the balance between these two physiological processes may lead to cell dysfunction or to cell death. Induction of cell death is the prime goal of prostate cancer chemotherapy. Our previous study demonstrated that androgens increase the expression of a mitochondrial protein involved in fission and facilitate an apoptotic response to CGP37157 (CGP), an inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium efflux, in prostate cancer cells. However, the regulation and role of mitochondrial fusion proteins in the death of these cells have not been examined. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effect of CGP on a key mitochondrial fusion protein, mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), and the role of Mfn1 in prostate cancer cell apoptosis. We used various prostate cancer cell lines and western blot analysis, qRT-PCR, siRNA, M30 apoptosis assay and immunoprecipitation techniques to determine mechanisms regulating Mfn1. Treatment of prostate cancer cells with CGP resulted in selective degradation of Mfn1. Mfn1 ubiquitination was detected following immunoprecipitation of overexpressed Myc-tagged Mfn1 protein from CGP-treated cells, and treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin, as well as siRNA-mediated knockdown of the E3 ubiquitin ligase March5, protected Mfn1 from CGP-induced degradation. These data indicate the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in CGP-induced degradation of Mfn1. We also demonstrated that downregulation of Mfn1 by siRNA enhanced the apoptotic response of LNCaP cells to CGP, suggesting a likely pro-survival role for Mfn1 in these cells. Our results suggest that manipulation of mitofusins may provide a novel therapeutic advantage in treating prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rabei Alaisami
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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132
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Gravelle P, Jean C, Familiades J, Decaup E, Blanc A, Bezombes-Cagnac C, Laurent C, Savina A, Fournié JJ, Laurent G. Cell growth in aggregates determines gene expression, proliferation, survival, chemoresistance, and sensitivity to immune effectors in follicular lymphoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 184:282-95. [PMID: 24231431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lymphomas grow as dense aggregates in patients, but whether this spatial organization affects lymphoma cell biology is unknown. We grew follicular lymphoma (FL) cells in vitro as multicellular aggregates of lymphoma cells to investigate this question. Gene expression analysis revealed that 612 genes were differentially expressed when cells grew in multicellular aggregates of lymphoma cells rather than in suspension. These genes correspond to several GO biological processes, such as hypoxia, activation of NF-κB pathway, and negative regulation of cell cycle, a gene signature also found in the transcriptomes from FL biopsies. Pimonidazole staining, HIF-1A accumulation, and VEGFA release confirmed that cells in multicellular aggregates of lymphoma cells actually respond to hypoxia. In adaptation to such conditions, they also displayed an activated NF-κB pathway and a quiescent status far more frequently than in suspension. When cultured in three dimensions, FL cells display resistance to doxorubicin and bendamustine, two drugs largely used in FL therapy, compared to FL cultured in suspension. Finally, multicellular aggregates of lymphoma cells were also found to be less sensitive to purified natural killer cells. To conclude, our study shows that in FL, spatial organization results in dramatic changes in FL biology, including gene expression, proliferation, drug resistance, and immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Gravelle
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1037-Cancer, Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III: Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research ERL 5294, Toulouse, France; Carnot Lymphoma Institute (CALYM), Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer: TOUCAN, Toulouse, France.
| | - Christine Jean
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1037-Cancer, Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III: Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research ERL 5294, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Familiades
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1037-Cancer, Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III: Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research ERL 5294, Toulouse, France; Carnot Lymphoma Institute (CALYM), Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer: TOUCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Decaup
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1037-Cancer, Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III: Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research ERL 5294, Toulouse, France; Carnot Lymphoma Institute (CALYM), Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer: TOUCAN, Toulouse, France; Roche Research Institute, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Amandine Blanc
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1037-Cancer, Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III: Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research ERL 5294, Toulouse, France; Carnot Lymphoma Institute (CALYM), Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer: TOUCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Bezombes-Cagnac
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1037-Cancer, Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III: Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research ERL 5294, Toulouse, France; Carnot Lymphoma Institute (CALYM), Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer: TOUCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- University of Toulouse III: Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; INSERM UMR1047, Center for Pathophysiology of Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France; Department of Anatomopathology, Hospital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1037-Cancer, Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III: Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research ERL 5294, Toulouse, France; Carnot Lymphoma Institute (CALYM), Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer: TOUCAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Laurent
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR1037-Cancer, Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III: Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research ERL 5294, Toulouse, France; Carnot Lymphoma Institute (CALYM), Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer: TOUCAN, Toulouse, France; Department of Hematology, Hospital Purpan, Toulouse, France
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133
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Ipóthová Z, Paulíková H, Čižeková L, Hunáková Ľ, Labudová M, Grolmusová A, Janovec L, Imrich J. Subcellular localization of proflavine derivative and induction of oxidative stress—In vitro studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6726-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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134
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Mazevet M, Moulin M, Llach-Martinez A, Chargari C, Deutsch E, Gomez AM, Morel E. Complications of chemotherapy, a basic science update. Presse Med 2013; 42:e352-61. [PMID: 23972551 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, discovered 50 years ago, are antibiotics widely used as antineoplastic agents and are among the most successful anticancer therapies ever developed to treat a wide range of cancers, including hematological malignancies, soft tissue sarcomas and solid tumors. However, some anthracyclines, including doxorubicin, exhibit major signs of cardiotoxicity that may ultimately lead to heart failure (HF). Despite intensive research on doxorubicine-induced cardiotoxicity, the underlying mechanisms responsible for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity have not been fully elucidated yet. Published literature so far has focused mostly on mitochondria dysfunction with consequent oxidative stress, Ca(2+) overload, and cardiomyocyte death as doxorubicin side effects, leading to heart dysfunction. This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte death (i.e.: cardiomyocyte death, mitochondria metabolism and bioenergetic alteration), but we will also point to new directions of possible mechanisms, suggesting potent prior or concomitant alterations of specific signaling pathways with molecular actors directly targeted by the anticancer drugs itself (i.e. calcium homeostasis or cAMP signaling cascade). The mechanisms of anticancer cardiac toxicity may be more complex than just mitochondria dysfunction. Partnership of both basic and clinical research is needed to promote new strategies in diagnosis, therapies with concomitant cardioprotection in order to achieve cancer treatment with acceptable cardiotoxicity along life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Mazevet
- Inserm UMR-S 769, LabEx Lermit-DHU Torino, université Paris-Sud, faculté de pharmacie, signalisation et physiopathologie cardiaque, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
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135
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Abstract
Mitochondria are double membrane-enveloped organelles that play a central role in cellular metabolism, calcium homeostasis, redox signaling and cell fates. They function as main generators of ATP, metabolites for the construction of macromolecules and reactive oxygen species. In many cancer cells, mitochondria seem dysfunctional, manifested by a shift of energy metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to active glycolysis and an increase in reactive oxygen species generation. These metabolic changes are often associated with upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase. Importantly, the metabolic reprogramming in a cancer cell is mechanistically linked to oncogenic signals. Targeting mitochondria as a cancer therapeutic strategy has attracted much attention in the recent years and multiple review articles in this area have been published. This article attempts to provide an update on recent progress in identification of mitochondria-associated molecules as potential anticancer targets and the respective targeting compounds.
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136
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Xu HN, Zhao H, Mir TA, Lee SC, Feng M, Choe R, Glickson JD, Li LZ. CHOP THERAPY INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL REDOX STATE ALTERATION IN NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA XENOGRAFTS. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2013; 6:1350011. [PMID: 23745147 PMCID: PMC3672060 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545813500119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We are interested in investigating whether cancer therapy may alter the mitochondrial redox state in cancer cells to inhibit their growth and survival. The redox state can be imaged by the redox scanner that collects the fluorescence signals from both the oxidized-flavoproteins (Fp) and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in snap-frozen tissues and has been previously employed to study tumor aggressiveness and treatment responses. Here, with the redox scanner we investigated the effects of chemotherapy on mouse xenografts of a human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell line (DLCL2). The mice were treated with CHOP therapy, i.e., cyclophosphamide (C) + hydroxydoxorubicin (H) + Oncovin (O) + prednisone (P) with CHO administration on day 1 and prednisone administration on days 1-5. The Fp content of the treated group was significantly decreased (p = 0.033) on day 5, and the mitochondrial redox state of the treated group was slightly more reduced than that of the control group (p = 0.048). The decrease of the Fp heterogeneity (measured by the mean standard deviation) had a border-line statistical significance (p = 0.071). The result suggests that the mitochondrial metabolism of lymphoma cells was slightly suppressed and the lymphomas became less aggressive after the CHOP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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137
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Carvalho FS, Burgeiro A, Garcia R, Moreno AJ, Carvalho RA, Oliveira PJ. Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: From Bioenergetic Failure and Cell Death to Cardiomyopathy. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:106-35. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa S. Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Ana Burgeiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
- IMAR-Institute of Marine Research; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Rita Garcia
- IMAR-Institute of Marine Research; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - António J. Moreno
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
- IMAR-Institute of Marine Research; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Rui A. Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
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138
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Huang YY, Liu H, Li Y, Pu LJ, Jiang CC, Xu JC, Jiang ZW. Down-regulation of RIP1 by 2-deoxy-D-glucose sensitizes breast cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 705:26-34. [PMID: 23499682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) appears to be a promising anticancer agent as it specifically kills a wide variety of cancer cells. However, resistance of subpopulations of cancer cells to TRAIL-induced cell death remains a major obstacle for successful treatment of cancer using TRAIL-based therapy. In this report we show that the hexokinase inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) efficiently enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through downregulation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) in breast cancer cells. Although 2-DG alone did not kill breast cancer cells, it sensitized the cells to TRAIL-induced cell death. This could be efficiently inhibited by blockage of the caspase cascade, suggesting 2-DG augments TRAIL-mediated apoptotic signaling. Indeed, treatment with 2-DG resulted in upregulation of TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), downregulation of cIAP1 and XIAP, and reduction in RIP1. The latter appeared to play an important role in regulating sensitivity of breast cancer cells to TRAIL, in that knockdown of RIP1 recapitulated, at least in part, the effect of 2-DG on TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that 2-DG enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells by multiple mechanisms including suppression of RIP1, and highlight the potential therapeutic benefit of combinations of 2-DG and TRAIL in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Huang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, PR China
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139
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Prevarskaya N, Skryma R, Shuba Y. Targeting Ca2+transport in cancer: close reality or long perspective? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:225-41. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.741594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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140
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Xu HN, Mir TA, Lee SC, Feng M, Farhad N, Choe R, Glickson JD, Li LZ. Mapping the redox state of CHOP-treated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma xenografts in mice. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 789:243-249. [PMID: 23852501 PMCID: PMC4526262 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7411-1_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug treatment may alter the metabolism of cancer cells and may alter the mitochondrial redox state. Using the redox scanner that collects the fluorescence signals from both the oxidized flavoproteins (Fp) and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in snap-frozen tumor tissues, we investigated the effects of chemotherapy on mouse xenografts of a human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell line (DLCL2). The mice in the treatment group were treated with CHOP - cyclophosphamide (C) + hydroxydoxorubicin (H) + Oncovin (O) + prednisone (P) using the following regimen: CHO administration on day 1 followed by prednisone administration on day 1-5. On day 5 the mitochondrial redox state of the treated group was slightly more reduced than that of the control group (p = 0.049), and the Fp content of the treated group was significantly decreased (p = 0.033).
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Affiliation(s)
- He N Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tahreem A Mir
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seung-Cheol Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Min Feng
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Namisa Farhad
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Regine Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jerry D Glickson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Z Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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141
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Song N, Kim AJ, Kim HJ, Jee HJ, Kim M, Yoo YH, Yun J. Melatonin suppresses doxorubicin-induced premature senescence of A549 lung cancer cells by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. J Pineal Res 2012; 53:335-43. [PMID: 22536785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.01003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indolamine that is synthesized in the pineal gland and shows a wide range of physiological functions. Although the anti-aging properties of melatonin have been reported in a senescence-accelerated mouse model, whether melatonin modulates cellular senescence has not been determined. In this study, we examined the effect of melatonin on anticancer drug-induced cellular premature senescence. We found that the doxorubicin (DOX)-induced senescence of A549 human lung cancer cells and IMR90 normal lung cells was substantially inhibited by cotreatment with melatonin in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, the DOX-induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and the decrease in cyclinB and cdc2 expression were not affected by melatonin. However, the DOX-induced increase in intracellular levels of ROS, which is necessary for premature senescence, was completely abolished upon melatonin cotreatment. In addition, the reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential that occurs upon DOX treatment was inhibited by melatonin. An aberrant increase in mitochondrial respiration was also significantly suppressed by melatonin, indicating that melatonin ameliorates the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by DOX treatment. The treatment of A549 cells with luzindole, a potent inhibitor of melatonin receptors, failed to prevent the effects of melatonin treatment on mitochondrial functions and premature senescence in cells also treated with DOX; this suggests that melatonin suppresses DOX-induced senescence in a melatonin receptor-independent manner. Together, these results reveal that melatonin has an inhibitory effect of melatonin on premature senescence at the cellular level and that melatonin protects A549 cells from DOX-induced senescence. Thus, melatonin might have the therapeutic potential to prevent the side effects of anticancer drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naree Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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142
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Paredes-Gamero EJ, Casaes-Rodrigues RL, Moura GEDD, Domingues TM, Buri MV, Ferreira VHC, Trindade ES, Moreno-Ortega AJ, Cano-Abad MF, Nader HB, Ferreira AT, Miranda A, Justo GZ, Tersariol ILS. Cell-Permeable Gomesin Peptide Promotes Cell Death by Intracellular Ca2+ Overload. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2686-97. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300251j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Victor H. C. Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular,
Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-990, Curitiba,
Brazil
| | - Edvaldo S. Trindade
- Departamento de Biologia Celular,
Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-990, Curitiba,
Brazil
| | - Ana J. Moreno-Ortega
- Instituto Teófilo
Hernando, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María F. Cano-Abad
- Instituto Teófilo
Hernando, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Giselle Z. Justo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas,
Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivarne L. S. Tersariol
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação
Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes,
SP, Brazil
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143
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Darrabie MD, Arciniegas AJL, Mantilla JG, Mishra R, Vera MP, Santacruz L, Jacobs DO. Exposing cardiomyocytes to subclinical concentrations of doxorubicin rapidly reduces their creatine transport. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H539-48. [PMID: 22752631 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00108.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is commonly used to treat leukemia, lymphomas, and solid tumors, such as soft tissue sarcomas or breast cancer. A major side effect of doxorubicin therapy is dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Doxorubicin's effects on cardiac energy metabolism are emerging as key elements mediating its toxicity. We evaluated the effect of doxorubicin on [(14)C]creatine uptake in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes and HL-1 murine cardiac cells expressing the human creatine transporter protein. A significant and irreversible decrease in creatine transport was detected after an incubation with 50-100 nmol/l doxorubicin. These concentrations are well below peak plasma levels (5 μmol/l) and within the ranges (25-250 nmol/l) for steady-state plasma concentrations reported after the administration of 15-90 mg/m(2) doxorubicin for chemotherapy. The decrease in creatine transport was not solely because of increased cell death due to doxorubicin's cytotoxic effects. Kinetic analysis showed that doxorubicin decreased V(max), K(m), and creatine transporter protein content. Cell surface biotinylation experiments confirmed that the amount of creatine transporter protein present at the cell surface was reduced. Cardiomyocytes rely on uptake by a dedicated creatine transporter to meet their intracellular creatine needs. Our findings show that the cardiomyocellular transport capacity for creatine is substantially decreased by doxorubicin administration and suggest that this effect may be an important early event in the pathogenesis of doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D Darrabie
- Surgery Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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144
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Tiberio P, Cavadini E, Callari M, Daidone MG, Appierto V. AF1q: a novel mediator of basal and 4-HPR-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39968. [PMID: 22761939 PMCID: PMC3383705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fenretinide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid that exhibits potent antitumor and chemopreventive activities against different malignancies, including ovarian tumors. We previously showed that in ovarian cancer cells, 4-HPR induces apoptosis through a signaling cascade starting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) activation, and induction of the proapoptotic PLAcental Bone morphogenetic protein (PLAB). Since recent studies have shown that the oncogene ALL1-fused from chromosome 1q (AF1q), a retinoic acid target gene, is implicated in apoptosis induction by several therapeutic agents, we investigated its possible involvement in the apoptosis induced by 4-HPR in ovarian cancer cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Protein expression analysis, performed in ovarian cancer cells and extended to other histotypes (breast, neuroblastoma, and cervical), revealed that 4-HPR enhanced AF1q expression in cancer cells sensitive to the retinoid but not in resistant cells. Through gene silencing, AF1q was found functionally involved in 4-HPR-induced apoptosis in A2780, an ovarian cancer cell line highly sensitive to retinoid growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects. Inhibition of the signaling intermediates of the 4-HPR apoptotic cascade showed that AF1q upregulation was depended on prior generation of ROS, induction of ER stress response, JNK activation, and PLAB upmodulation. Finally, we found that direct overexpression of AF1q, in the absence of external stimuli, increased apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines. Conclusions/Significance The study expands the knowledge of the 4-HPR mechanism of action, which has not yet been completely elucidated, identifying AF1q as a novel mediator of retinoid anticancer activity. In addition, we demonstrate, for the first time, that AF1q plays a role in the onset of basal apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells, thus providing new information about the activity of this protein whose biologic functions are mostly unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tiberio
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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145
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D’Agostini F, Fiallo P, Ghio M, De Flora S. Chemoprevention of doxorubicin-induced alopecia in mice by dietary administration of l-cystine and vitamin B6. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 305:25-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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146
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Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Hernández-Esquivel L, Marín-Hernández A, Dong LF, Akporiaye ET, Neuzil J, Ralph SJ, Moreno-Sánchez R. Molecular mechanism for the selective impairment of cancer mitochondrial function by a mitochondrially targeted vitamin E analogue. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1597-607. [PMID: 22627082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS), α-tocopheryl acetyl ether (α-TEA) and triphenylphosphonium-tagged vitamin E succinate (mitochondrially targeted vitamin E succinate; MitoVES) on energy-related mitochondrial functions were determined in mitochondria isolated from AS-30D hepatoma and rat liver, bovine heart sub-mitochondrial particles (SMPs), and in rodent and human carcinoma cell lines and rat hepatocytes. In isolated mitochondria, MitoVES stimulated basal respiration and ATP hydrolysis, but inhibited net state 3 (ADP-stimulated) respiration and Ca(2+) uptake, by collapsing the membrane potential at low doses (1-10μM). Uncoupled mitochondrial respiration and basal respiration of SMPs were inhibited by the three drugs at concentrations at least one order of magnitude higher and with different efficacy: MitoVES>α-TEA>α-TOS. At high doses (>10μM), the respiratory complex II (CII) was the most sensitive MitoVES target. Acting as an uncoupler at low doses, this agent stimulated total O(2) uptake, collapsed ∆ψ(m), inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and induced ATP depletion in rodent and human cancer cells more potently than in normal rat hepatocytes. These findings revealed that in situ tumor mitochondria are preferred targets of the drug, indicating its clinical relevance.
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147
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Lin CJ, Lee CC, Shih YL, Lin TY, Wang SH, Lin YF, Shih CM. Resveratrol enhances the therapeutic effect of temozolomide against malignant glioma in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:377-91. [PMID: 22094224 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is the major chemotherapeutic drug used clinically in the treatment of malignant gliomas. This study investigated the mechanism behind TMZ-induced cell death and the possibility that resveratrol might increase TMZ efficacy. TMZ induced both apoptotic cell death and cytoprotective autophagy through a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, which was suppressed by resveratrol, resulting in a decrease in autophagy and an increase in apoptosis, suggesting that the ROS/ERK pathway plays a crucial role in the fate of cells after TMZ treatment. Isobolographic analysis indicated that the combination of TMZ and resveratrol has a synergistic effect. Moreover, an in vivo mouse xenograft study also showed that coadministration of resveratrol and TMZ reduced tumor volumes by suppressing ROS/ERK-mediated autophagy and subsequently inducing apoptosis. Taken together, our data indicate that TMZ-induced ROS/ERK-mediated autophagy protected glioma cells from apoptosis, and the combination of resveratrol with TMZ could improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ju Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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148
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Kumar B, Kumar A, Ghosh S, Pandey BN, Mishra KP, Hazra B. Diospyrin derivative, an anticancer quinonoid, regulates apoptosis at endoplasmic reticulum as well as mitochondria by modulating cytosolic calcium in human breast carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:903-9. [PMID: 22209849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diospyrin diethylether (D7), a bisnaphthoquinonoid derivative, exhibited an oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis in several human cancer cells and tumor models. The present study was aimed at evaluation of the increase in cytosolic calcium [Ca(2+)](c) leading to the apoptotic cell death triggered by D7 in MCF7 human breast carcinoma cells. A phosphotidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) inhibitor, viz. U73122, and an antioxidant, viz. N-acetylcysteine, could significantly prevent the D7-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](c) and PC-PLC activity. Using an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Ca(2+) mobilizer (thapsigargin) and an ER-IP3R antagonist (heparin), results revealed ER as a major source of [Ca(2+)](c) which led to the activation of calpain and caspase12, and cleavage of fodrin. These effects including apoptosis were significantly inhibited by the pretreatment of Bapta-AM (a cell permeable Ca(2+)-specific chelator), or calpeptin (a calpain inhibitor). Furthermore, D7-induced [Ca(2+)](c) was found to alter mitochondrial membrane potential and induce cytochrome c release, which was inhibited by either Bapta-AM or ruthenium red (an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter). Thus, these results provided a deeper insight into the D7-induced redox signaling which eventually integrated the calcium-dependent calpain/caspase12 activation and mitochondrial alterations to accentuate the induction of apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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