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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the modern approach to surgical management of malignant brain tumors, highlighting new technology and multimodal treatment paradigms. RECENT FINDINGS Outcomes in patients with glioblastoma are strongly correlated with extent of initial surgical resection. Intraoperative MRI, 5-ALA, and neuronavigation are surgical tools that can help achieve a maximal safe resection. Stereotactic radiosurgery and brachytherapy can be used to enhance local control for brain metastases in conjunction with surgery, while combinatorial approaches are increasingly employed in patients with multiple metastases. Advances in surgical techniques allow for minimally invasive approaches, including the use of tubular retractors, endoscopes, and laser interstitial thermal therapy. Primary and metastatic brain tumors require a multimodal, multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Surgical resection can be paired with radiation for metastases to maximize tumor control, expanding systemic options. Technological innovations have improved the safety of surgical resection, while expanding the surgical options and indications for treatment.
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102
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Current Progress of Phytomedicine in Glioblastoma Therapy. Curr Med Sci 2021; 40:1067-1074. [PMID: 33428134 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme, an intrusive brain cancer, has the lowest survival rate of all brain cancers. The chemotherapy utilized to prevent their proliferation and propagation is limited due to modulation of complex cancer signalling pathways. These complex pathways provide infiltrative and drug evading properties leading to the development of chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, the development and discovery of such interventions or therapies that can bypass all these resistive barriers to ameliorate glioma prognosis and survival is of profound importance. Medicinal plants are comprised of an exorbitant range of phytochemicals that have the broad-spectrum capability to target intrusive brain cancers, modulate anti-cancer pathways and immunological responses to facilitate their eradication, and induce apoptosis. These phytocompounds also interfere with several oncogenic proteins that promote cancer invasiveness and metastasis, chemotherapy resistance and angiogenesis. These plants are extremely vital for promising anti-glioma therapy to avert glioma proliferation and recurrence. In this review, we acquired recent literature on medicinal plants whose extracts/bioactive ingredients are newly exploited in glioma therapeutics, and also highlighted their mode of action and pharmacological profile.
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103
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Yang Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhao C, Wang D. Phosphorylated form of pyruvate dehydrogenase α1 mediates tumor necrosis factor α-induced glioma cell migration. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:176. [PMID: 33574915 PMCID: PMC7816412 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an important factor influencing the treatment outcomes of high-grade glioma (World Health Organization grades III–IV). Using immunohistochemical staining, the present study demonstrated that the protein levels of phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase α1 (p-PDHA1) were increased according to the grade of glioma. Moreover, p-PDHA1 mediated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced cell migration in glioma cells. Phalloidin staining and western blot analysis were used to detect the protein level of p-PDHA1 in U251 glioma cells stimulated by TNF-α at different time points. Phalloidin staining was used to observe the cytoskeletal structure. The effects on the expression of specific migration markers and on the cytoskeletal structure were also detected. Dichloroacetic acid is an inhibitor of PDK. These results indicated that p-PDHA1 served an important role in the migration of glioma cells, and consequently in the development of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, P.R. China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Center for Health Management, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, P.R. China
| | - Chenjin Zhao
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, P.R. China
| | - Donglin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, P.R. China
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104
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Pibuel MA, Poodts D, Díaz M, Hajos SE, Lompardía SL. The scrambled story between hyaluronan and glioblastoma. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100549. [PMID: 33744285 PMCID: PMC8050860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer biology are revealing the importance of the cancer cell microenvironment on tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Hyaluronan (HA), the main glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix, has been associated with the progression of glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and lethal primary tumor in the central nervous system, for several decades. However, the mechanisms by which HA impacts GBM properties and processes have been difficult to elucidate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge on HA's effects on GBM biology, introducing its primary receptors CD44 and RHAMM and the plethora of relevant downstream signaling pathways that can scramble efforts to directly link HA activity to biological outcomes. We consider the complexities of studying an extracellular polymer and the different strategies used to try to capture its function, including 2D and 3D in vitro studies, patient samples, and in vivo models. Given that HA affects not only migration and invasion, but also cell proliferation, adherence, and chemoresistance, we highlight the potential role of HA as a therapeutic target. Finally, we review the different existing approaches to diminish its protumor effects, such as the use of 4-methylumbelliferone, HA oligomers, and hyaluronidases and encourage further research along these lines in order to improve the survival and quality of life of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Arturo Pibuel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Poodts
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Mariángeles Díaz
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Silvia Elvira Hajos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina
| | - Silvina Laura Lompardía
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina.
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105
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Mishra VS, Kumar N, Raza M, Sehrawat S. Amalgamation of PI3K and EZH2 blockade synergistically regulates invasion and angiogenesis: combination therapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4754-4769. [PMID: 33473259 PMCID: PMC7771717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is known as the primary malignant and most devastating form of tumor in central nervous system of adult population. Amongst all CNS cancers, Glioblastoma multiforme GBM is a rare grade IV astrocytoma and it has the worst prognosis initiated by metastasis to supra-tentorial region of the brain. Current options for the treatment include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Substantial information of its pathology and molecular signaling exposed new avenues for generating innovative therapies. In our study, we have undertaken a novel combination approach for GBM treatment. PI3K signaling participates in cancer progression and plays a significant role in metastasis. Here, we are targeting PI3K signaling pathways in glioblastoma along with EZH2, a known transcriptional regulator. We found that targeting transcriptional regulator EZH2 and PI3K affect cellular migration and morphological changes. These changes in signatory activities of cancerous cells led to inhibit its progression in vitro. With further analysis we confirmed the angiogenic inhibition and reduction in stem-ness potential of GBM. Later, cytokine proteome array analysis revealed several participants of metastasis and tumor induced angiogenesis using combination regime. This study provides a significant reduction in GBM progression investigated using Glioblastoma Multiforme U-87 cells with effective combination of pharmacological inhibitors PI-103 and EPZ-6438. This strategy will be further used to combat GBM more innovatively along with the existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu S Mishra
- Precision NeuroOncology & NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR 201314, India.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Precision NeuroOncology & NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR 201314, India.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Masoom Raza
- Precision NeuroOncology & NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR 201314, India
| | - Seema Sehrawat
- Precision NeuroOncology & NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR 201314, India
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106
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Memariani Z, Abbas SQ, Ul Hassan SS, Ahmadi A, Chabra A. Naringin and naringenin as anticancer agents and adjuvants in cancer combination therapy: Efficacy and molecular mechanisms of action, a comprehensive narrative review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 171:105264. [PMID: 33166734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the rates of many cancers are controlled in Western countries, those of some cancers, such as lung, breast, and colorectal cancer are currently increasing in many low- and middle-income countries due to increases in risk factors caused by development and societal problems. Additionally, endogenous factors, such as inherited mutations, steroid hormones, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor systems, inflammation, oxidative stress, and exogenous factors (including tobacco, alcohol, infectious agents, and radiation), are believed to compromise cell functions and lead to carcinogenesis. Chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies are some examples of the approaches used for cancer treatment. However, various short- and long-term side effects can also considerably impact patient prognosis based on clinical factors associated with treatments. Recently, increasing numbers of studies have been conducted to identify novel therapeutic agents from natural products, among which plant-derived bioactive compounds have been increasingly studied. Naringin (NG) and its aglycone naringenin (NGE) are abundantly present in citrus fruits, such as grapefruits and oranges. Their anti-carcinogenic activities have been shown to be exerted through several cell signal transduction pathways. Recently, different pharmacological strategies based on combination therapy, involving NG and NGE with the current anti-cancer agents have shown prodigious synergistic effects when compared to monotherapy. Besides, NG and NGE have been reported to overcome multidrug resistance, resulting from different defensive mechanisms in cancer, which is one of the major obstacles of clinical treatment. Thus, we comprehensively reviewed the inhibitory effects of NG and NGE on several types of cancers through different signal transduction pathways, the roles on sensitizing with the current anticancer medicines, and the efficacy of the cancer combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Syed Qamar Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Aroona Chabra
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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107
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Yang K, Stein TD, Huber BR, Sartor EA, Rachlin JR, Mahalingam M. Glioblastoma and malignant melanoma: Serendipitous or anticipated association? Neuropathology 2020; 41:65-71. [PMID: 33103282 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a patient who had primary glioblastoma (GB) and malignant melanoma (MM). A 78-year-old man presented with several weeks to months of history of gait disturbance, confusion, memory disturbance, and worsening speech. Imaging studies performed on admission revealed a large frontotemporal lobe mass associated with the surrounding zone of vasogenic edema. Given the patient's medical history of incomplete biopsy of a midback tumor performed three weeks before, the presumptive clinical diagnosis was metastatic MM. Pathological examination of frozen sections of fragmented specimens obtained at stereotactic biopsy performed on admission revealed a high-grade malignant neoplasm characterized by discohesive cells in a blue myxoid background and abundant foci of tumor necrosis. Given these features, in conjunction with the abovementioned pathological report, the frozen section diagnosis by the neuropathologist was "neoplasm identified, favor melanoma." Due to the paucity of lesional tissue, a limited immunohistochemistry performed on the permanent sections revealed positive staining of lesional cells for Sox10 alone using a multiplex MART1/Sox10 immunostain and S-100 protein, an immunohistochemical profile supporting the presumptive frozen section diagnosis. A tumor debulk procedure, performed two weeks later, revealed histopathologic features most compatible with GB, IDH wild-type. Thus, additional immunohistochemistry on the permanent sections revealed positive staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Sox10, and S-100 protein as well as negative staining of gp100, a complex carbohydrate matrix protein in embryonic melanosomes, using a specific antibody HMB45. The concomitant occurrence of MM and GB in our patient underscores the association between these two entities. Our literature review suggests that the sporadic co-occurrence of these two conditions is likely not serendipitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yang
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bertrand R Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emmett A Sartor
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob R Rachlin
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meera Mahalingam
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Consolidated Laboratories, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
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108
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Lipophilic dye-compatible brain clearing technique allowing correlative magnetic resonance/high-resolution fluorescence imaging in rat models of glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17974. [PMID: 33087842 PMCID: PMC7578790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we optimized a novel approach for combining in vivo MRI and ex vivo high-resolution fluorescence microscopy that involves: (i) a method for slicing rat brain tissue into sections with the same thickness and spatial orientation as in in vivo MRI, to better correlate in vivo MRI analyses with ex-vivo imaging via scanning confocal microscope and (ii) an improved clearing protocol compatible with lipophilic dyes that highlight the neurovascular network, to obtain high tissue transparency while preserving tissue staining and morphology with no significant tissue shrinkage or expansion. We applied this methodology in two rat models of glioblastoma (GBM; U87 human glioma cells and patient-derived human glioblastoma cancer stem cells) to demonstrate how vital the information retrieved from the correlation between MRI and confocal images is and to highlight how the increased invasiveness of xenografts derived from cancer stem cells may not be clearly detected by standard in vivo MRI approaches. The protocol studied in this work could be implemented in pre-clinical GBM research to further the development and validation of more predictive and translatable MR imaging protocols that can be used as critical diagnostic and prognostic tools. The development of this protocol is part of the quest for more efficacious treatment approaches for this devastating and still uncurable disease. In particular, this approach could be instrumental in validating novel MRI-based techniques to assess cellular infiltration beyond the macroscopic tumor margins and to quantify neo-angiogenesis.
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109
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Aberrantly Expressed RECQL4 Helicase Supports Proliferation and Drug Resistance of Human Glioma Cells and Glioma Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102919. [PMID: 33050631 PMCID: PMC7650617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Human RecQ helicases participate in DNA replication, repair and transcription. Due to important roles in many cellular processes, deregulation of these helicases in cancer could be tumour promoting. We found upregulated RECQL4 expression in highly malignant brain tumours (glioblastomas) associated with poor survival of patients. While RECQL4 depletion in human glioma cells with genetic tools slightly impaired cell viability and DNA replication, it induced gross changes in gene expression and increased sensitivity of glioma cells and glioma stem cells to chemotherapeutics. Therefore, targeting RECQL4 in deadly brain tumours could be a new strategy to improve eradication of tumour cells by chemotherapeutics. Abstract Anti-tumour therapies eliminate proliferating tumour cells by induction of DNA damage, but genomic aberrations or transcriptional deregulation may limit responses to therapy. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumour, which recurs inevitably due to chemo- and radio-resistance. Human RecQ helicases participate in DNA repair, responses to DNA damage and replication stress. We explored if a helicase RECQL4 contributes to gliomagenesis and responses to chemotherapy. We found upregulated RECQL4 expression in GBMs associated with poor survival of GBM patients. Increased levels of nuclear and cytosolic RECQL4 proteins were detected in GBMs on tissue arrays and in six glioma cell lines. RECQL4 was detected both in cytoplasm and mitochondria by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. RECQL4 depletion in glioma cells with siRNAs and CRISPR/Cas9 did not affect basal cell viability, slightly impaired DNA replication, but induced profound transcriptomic changes and increased chemosensitivity of glioma cells. Sphere cultures originated from RECQL4-depleted cells had reduced sphere forming capacity, stronger responded to temozolomide upregulating cell cycle inhibitors and pro-apoptotic proteins. RECQL4 deficiency affected mitochondrial network and reduced mitochondrial membrane polarization in LN18 glioblastoma cells. We demonstrate that targeting RECQL4 overexpressed in glioblastoma could be a new strategy to sensitize glioma cells to chemotherapeutics.
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110
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Wang Z, Wu H, Yan H, Cai T, Dai J, Liu Q. LINC00210 exerts oncogenic roles in glioma by sponging miR-328. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:137. [PMID: 33110451 PMCID: PMC7581018 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to serve key roles in human cancer types, including glioma. However, to the best of our knowledge, the expression and function of lncRNA LINC00210 in glioma have not previously been investigated. The present study was conducted to explore the regulatory role of LINC00210 in glioma cells. The present study demonstrated that LINC00210 was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues, and high expression of LINC00210 was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis in patients with glioma. It was found that LINC00210 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of U251 and T98G cells. The results of luciferase reporter assays indicated that LINC00210 could directly target microRNA (miR)-328 in glioma cells, and miR-328 expression was negatively correlated with LINC00210 expression in glioma tissues. LINC00210 knockdown significantly promoted the expression of miR-328 in U251 and T98G cells. Moreover, silencing miR-328 impaired the inhibitory effects of LINC00210 knockdown on the proliferation and migration of U251 and T98G cells. Therefore, the present results suggested that LINC00210 may exert an oncogenic role in glioma via sponging miR-328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Tao Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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111
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Yin C, Lu X, Fan Q, Huang W. Organic semiconducting nanomaterials‐assisted phototheranostics in near‐infrared‐II biological window. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors and Institute of Advanced Materials Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors and Institute of Advanced Materials Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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112
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Chemically Diverse and Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from Marine Phylum chlorophyta. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100493. [PMID: 32993146 PMCID: PMC7601752 DOI: 10.3390/md18100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, algal chemistry from terrestrial to marine or freshwater bodies, especially chlorophytes, has fascinated numerous investigators to develop new drugs in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. As such, chlorophytes comprise a diverse structural class of secondary metabolites, having functional groups that are specific to a particular source. All bioactive compounds of chlorophyte are of great interest due to their supplemental/nutritional/pharmacological activities. In this review, a detailed description of the chemical diversity of compounds encompassing alkaloids, terpenes, steroids, fatty acids and glycerides, their subclasses and their structures are discussed. These promising natural products have efficiency in developing new drugs necessary in the treatment of various deadly pathologies (cancer, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, several inflammations, etc.). Marine chlorophyte, therefore, is portrayed as a pivotal treasure in the case of drugs having marine provenience. It is a domain of research expected to probe novel pharmaceutically or nutraceutically important secondary metabolites resulting from marine Chlorophyta. In this regard, our review aims to compile the isolated secondary metabolites having diverse chemical structures from chlorophytes (like Caulerpa ssp., Ulva ssp., Tydemania ssp., Penicillus ssp., Codium ssp., Capsosiphon ssp., Avrainvillea ssp.), their biological properties, applications and possible mode of action.
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113
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Özdemir Ö, Marinelli L, Cacciatore I, Ciulla M, Emsen B, Di Stefano A, Mardinoglu A, Turkez H. Anticancer effects of novel NSAIDs derivatives on cultured human glioblastoma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 76:329-335. [PMID: 32889798 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic, clinical and experimental reports indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could have a potential as anticancer agents. The aim of this study was the evaluation of cytotoxic potential in human glioblastoma cells of novel synthesized NSAID derivatives, obtained by linking, through a spacer, α-lipoic acid (ALA) to anti-inflammatory drugs, such as naproxen (AL-3, 11 and 17), flurbiprofen (AL-6, 13 and 19) and ibuprofen (AL-9, 15 and 21). The effects on the level of gene expression were also determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. According to our results, NSAID derivatives exhibited concentration dependent cytotoxic effects on U87-MG cell line when compared with the control group. Moreover, treatment of the most active compounds (AL-3, AL-6 and AL-9) caused upregulation of tumor suppressor gene PTEN and downregulation of some oncogenes such as AKT1, RAF1 and EGFR. In conclusion, our results revealed that AL-3, AL-6 and AL-9 could be suitable candidates for further investigation to develop new pharmacological strategies for the prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Özdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Ciulla
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Bugrahan Emsen
- Department of Biology, Kamil Özdağ Faculty of Science, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | | | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-17121, Sweden
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
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114
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Wen G, Li X, Zhang Y, Han X, Xu X, Liu C, Chan KWY, Lee CS, Yin C, Bian L, Wang L. Effective Phototheranostics of Brain Tumor Assisted by Near-Infrared-II Light-Responsive Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33492-33499. [PMID: 32627525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Precise diagnosis and effective treatment of gliomas still remain a huge challenge. Photoacoustic-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) has unique advantages over conventional techniques for brain tumor theranostics, but existing nanoagents for photoacoustic imaging (PAI)-guided PTT are mainly organic small molecules or inorganic nanoparticles, which have the limitations of poor photostability and biocompatibility. Besides, the restricted absorption in the first near-infrared window (NIR-I) of the most existing nanoagents compromises their effectiveness for deep tissue PAI and PTT. We herein develop novel semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) that are strongly absorptive in the second NIR window (NIR-II) to alleviate these problems. With the merits of excellent photoacoustic and photothermal performance, high photostability, proper size, and low toxicity, SPNs not only show efficient cellular uptake for PAI and PTT toward U87 glioma cells but also demonstrate effective accumulation in both subcutaneous tumors and brain tumors upon intravenous injection, thereby realizing efficient PAI-guided PTT toward gliomas under NIR-II light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Yuexing Yi Dao, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yachao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Yuexing Yi Dao, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Xiongqi Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Yuexing Yi Dao, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Xiayi Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Yuexing Yi Dao, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Yuexing Yi Dao, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chao Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Center for Novel Biomaterials, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 100097, China
| | - Lidai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Yuexing Yi Dao, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
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Liu W, Lin Q, Fu Y, Huang S, Guo C, Li L, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Target delivering paclitaxel by ferritin heavy chain nanocages for glioma treatment. J Control Release 2020; 323:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lin EY, Chen YS, Li YS, Chen SR, Lee CH, Huang MH, Chuang HM, Harn HJ, Yang HH, Lin SZ, Tai DF, Chiou TW. Liposome Consolidated with Cyclodextrin Provides Prolonged Drug Retention Resulting in Increased Drug Bioavailability in Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124408. [PMID: 32575820 PMCID: PMC7352271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although butylidenephthalide (BP) is an efficient anticancer drug, its poor bioavailability renders it ineffective for treating drug-resistant brain tumors. However, this problem is overcome through the use of noninvasive delivery systems, including intranasal administration. Herein, the bioavailability, drug stability, and encapsulation efficiency (EE, up to 95%) of BP were improved by using cyclodextrin-encapsulated BP in liposomal formulations (CDD1). The physical properties and EE of the CDD1 system were investigated via dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity was examined via MTT assay, and the cellular uptake was observed using fluorescence microscopy. The CDD1 system persisted for over 8 h in tumor cells, which was a considerable improvement in the retention of the BP-containing cyclodextrin or the BP-containing liposomes, thereby indicating a higher BP content in CDD1. Nanoscale CDD1 formulations were administered intranasally to nude mice that had been intracranially implanted with temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma multiforme cells, resulting in increased median survival time. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed that drug biodistribution via intranasal delivery increased the accumulation of BP 10-fold compared to oral delivery methods. Therefore, BP/cyclodextrin/liposomal formulations have potential clinical applications for treating drug-resistant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Yi Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shou-Feng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; (E.-Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (S.-R.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shou-Feng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-M.C.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Z.L.)
| | - Yu-Shuan Chen
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-M.C.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Z.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Sheng Li
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shou-Feng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; (E.-Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (S.-R.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Syuan-Rong Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shou-Feng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; (E.-Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (S.-R.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shou-Feng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; (E.-Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (S.-R.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Mao-Hsuan Huang
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-M.C.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Z.L.)
- Department of Stem Cell Applied Technology, Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Meng Chuang
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-M.C.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Z.L.)
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine Office, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-M.C.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Z.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-M.C.); (H.-J.H.); (S.-Z.L.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Fu Tai
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shou-Feng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (D.-F.T.); (T.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-3-890-3579 (D.-F.T.); +886-3-890-3638 (T.-W.C.); Fax: +886-3-890-0162 (D.-F.T.); +886-3-890-0398 (T.-W.C.)
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shou-Feng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan; (E.-Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (S.-R.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.-F.T.); (T.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-3-890-3579 (D.-F.T.); +886-3-890-3638 (T.-W.C.); Fax: +886-3-890-0162 (D.-F.T.); +886-3-890-0398 (T.-W.C.)
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Identification of Key Differentially Expressed Transcription Factors in Glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:9235101. [PMID: 32612655 PMCID: PMC7313158 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9235101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in adults. Our study focused on uncovering differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their methylation in order to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential treatment targets. Using GBM RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, DEGs between GBM samples and paracancer tissue samples were analyzed. Enrichment analysis for DEGs and transcription factors (TFs) was performed. A total of 1029 upregulated genes and 1542 downregulated genes were identified, which were associated mainly with multiple tumor-related and immune-related pathways such as cell cycle, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration, and autoimmune thyroid disease. These DEGs were enriched for 174 TFs, and six TFs were differentially expressed and identified as key TFs in GBM: HOXA3, EN1, ZIC1, and FOXD3 were upregulated, while HLF and EGR3 were downregulated. A total of 1978 DEGs were involved in the regulatory networks of the six key differentially expressed TFs. High expression of EN1 was associated with shorter overall survival, while high expression of EGR3 was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival. The six TFs were differentially methylated in GBM samples compared with paracancer tissues. Our study identifies numerous DEGs and their associated pathways as potential contributors to GBM, particularly the TFs EN1, EGR3, HOXA3, ZIC1, FOXD3, and HLF. The differential expression of these TFs may be unlikely driven by aberrant methylation. These TFs may be useful as diagnostic markers and treatment targets in GBM, and EN1 and EGR3 may have predictive prognostic value.
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Src Inhibitors Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, Si306 and Pro-Si306, Inhibit Focal Adhesion Kinase and Suppress Human Glioblastoma Invasion In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061570. [PMID: 32545852 PMCID: PMC7352231 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), as the most aggressive brain tumor, displays a high expression of Src tyrosine kinase, which is involved in the survival, migration, and invasiveness of tumor cells. Thus, Src emerged as a potential target for GBM therapy. The effects of Src inhibitors pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, Si306 and its prodrug pro-Si306 were investigated in human GBM cell lines (U87 and U87-TxR) and three primary GBM cell cultures. Primary GBM cells were more resistant to Si306 and pro-Si306 according to the 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. However, the ability of all GBM cells to degrade the extracellular matrix was considerably compromised after Si306 and pro-Si306 applications. Besides reducing the phosphorylation of Src and its downstream signaling pathway components, both compounds decreased the phosphorylated form of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, showing the potential to suppress the aggressiveness of GBM. In vivo, Si306 and pro-Si306 displayed an anti-invasive effect against U87 xenografts in the zebrafish embryo model. Considering that Si306 and pro-Si306 are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and suppress the spread of GBM cells, we anticipate their clinical testing in the near future. Moreover, the prodrug showed similar efficacy to the drug, implying the rationality of its use in clinical settings.
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Pibuel MA, Díaz M, Molinari Y, Poodts D, Silvestroff L, Lompardía SL, Franco P, Hajos SE. 4-Methylumbelliferone as a potent and selective antitumor drug on a glioblastoma model. Glycobiology 2020; 31:29-43. [PMID: 32472122 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent primary tumor of the central nervous system, has a median survival of 14.6 months. 4-Methylumbelliferone (4MU) is a coumarin derivative widely used as a hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor with proven antitumor activity and without toxic effects reported. We aim to evaluate the antitumor effect of 4MU alone or combined with temozolomide (TMZ) on a GBM cell line, its absence of toxicity on brain cells and its selectivity for tumor cells. The antitumor effect of 4MU alone or combined with TMZ was evaluated on GL26 cells by assessing the metabolic activity through the XTT assay, cell proliferation by BrdU incorporation assay, migration by the wound healing assay, cell death by fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) staining, apoptosis by membrane asymmetry and DNA fragmentation and metalloproteinase activity by zymography. The levels of hyaluronan and its capacity to counteract the effects of 4MU and the expression of RHAMM and CD44 were also determined. The toxicity and selectivity of 4MU were determined by XTT assay and PI staining on normal brain primary cell culture (NBPC-GFP) and GL26/NBPC-GFP cocultures. The GL26 cells expressed RHAMM but not CD44 while synthetized hyaluronan. 4MU decreased hyaluronan synthesis, diminished proliferation and induced apoptosis while reducing cell migration and the activity of metalloproteinases, which was restored by addition of hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, 4MU sensitized GL26 cells to the TMZ effect and showed selective toxicity on tumor cells without exhibiting neurotoxic effects. We demonstrated for the first time the cytotoxic effect of 4MU on GBM cells, highlighting its potential usefulness to improve GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías A Pibuel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Mariángeles Díaz
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Yamila Molinari
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Daniela Poodts
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Lucas Silvestroff
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Silvina L Lompardía
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Paula Franco
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
| | - Silvia E Hajos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, C1113 CABA, Argentina
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Wang S, Wu CC, Zhang H, Karakatsani ME, Wang YF, Han Y, Chaudhary KR, Wuu CS, Konofagou E, Cheng SK. Focused ultrasound induced-blood-brain barrier opening in mouse brain receiving radiosurgery dose of radiation enhances local delivery of systemic therapy. Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20190214. [PMID: 31999201 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the temporal effects of focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening in post-radiotherapy mouse brains. METHODS AND MATERIALS C57B6 mice without tumors were used to simulate the scenario after gross total resection (GTR) of brain tumor. Radiation dose of 6 Gy x 5 was delivered to one-hemisphere of the mouse brain. FUS-induced BBB-opening was delivered to the irradiated and non-irradiated brain and was confirmed with MRI. Dynamic MRI was performed to evaluate blood vessel permeability. Two time points were selected: acute (2 days after radiation) and chronic (31 days after radiation). RESULTS BBB opening was achieved after FUS in the irradiated field as compared to the contralateral non-irradiated brain without any decrease in permeability. In the acute group, a trend for higher gadolinium concentration was observed in radiated field. CONCLUSION Localized BBB-opening can be successfully achieved without loss of efficacy by FUS as early as 2 days after radiotherapy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Adjuvant radiation after GTR is commonly used for brain tumors. Focused ultrasound facilitated BBB-opening can be achieved without loss of efficacy in the post-irradiated brain as early as 2 days after radiation therapy. This allows for further studies on early application of FUS-mediated BBB-opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Cheng-Chia Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Hairong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | - Yi-Fang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Kunal R Chaudhary
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Cheng-Shie Wuu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Elisa Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Simon K Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
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Reddy V, Grogan D, Ahluwalia M, Salles ÉL, Ahluwalia P, Khodadadi H, Alverson K, Nguyen A, Raju SP, Gaur P, Braun M, Vale FL, Costigliola V, Dhandapani K, Baban B, Vaibhav K. Targeting the endocannabinoid system: a predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine-directed approach to the management of brain pathologies. EPMA J 2020; 11:217-250. [PMID: 32549916 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis-inspired medical products are garnering increasing attention from the scientific community, general public, and health policy makers. A plethora of scientific literature demonstrates intricate engagement of the endocannabinoid system with human immunology, psychology, developmental processes, neuronal plasticity, signal transduction, and metabolic regulation. Despite the therapeutic potential, the adverse psychoactive effects and historical stigma, cannabinoids have limited widespread clinical application. Therefore, it is plausible to weigh carefully the beneficial effects of cannabinoids against the potential adverse impacts for every individual. This is where the concept of "personalized medicine" as a promising approach for disease prediction and prevention may take into the account. The goal of this review is to provide an outline of the endocannabinoid system, including endocannabinoid metabolizing pathways, and will progress to a more in-depth discussion of the therapeutic interventions by endocannabinoids in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Reddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Dayton Grogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Évila Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Katelyn Alverson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Andy Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Srikrishnan P Raju
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA.,Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Pankaj Gaur
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Molly Braun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.,VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Fernando L Vale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | | | - Krishnan Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
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Glioblastoma: Pathogenesis and Current Status of Chemotherapy and Other Novel Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040937. [PMID: 32290213 PMCID: PMC7226351 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most common and detrimental forms of solid brain tumor, with over 10,000 new cases reported every year in the United States. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment approaches, the overall survival period is reported to be less than 15 months after diagnosis. A widely used approach for the treatment of glioblastoma is surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. While there are several drugs available that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), significant efforts have been made in recent years to develop new chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of glioblastoma. This review describes the molecular targets and pathogenesis as well as the current progress in chemotherapeutic development and other novel therapies in the clinical setting for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Retinol dehydrogenase 10 promotes metastasis of glioma cells via the transforming growth factor-β/SMAD signaling pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:2430-2437. [PMID: 31613821 PMCID: PMC6831065 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system. Because of the resistance of glioma to chemoradiotherapy and its aggressive growth, the survival rate of patients with glioma has not improved. This study aimed to disclose the effect of retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) on the migration and invasion of glioma cells, and to explore the potential mechanism. Methods: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of RDH10 in healthy glial cells and glioma cells. Human glioma cell strains, U87 and U251, were infected with negative control or RDH10-interfering lentiviruses. RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to determine the knockdown efficiency. Scratch and transwell assays were used to assess cell migration and invasion after RDH10 knockdown. Finally, changes in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD signaling pathway-related expression were examined by Western blotting. Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Results: RDH10 was highly expressed in glioma cells. Compared with the control group, RDH10 knockdown significantly reduced RDH10 messenger RNA and protein expression levels in U87 and U251 glioma cells (U87: 1.00 ± 0.08 vs. 0.22 ± 0.02, t = 16.55, P < 0.001; U251: 1.00 ± 0.17 vs. 0.39 ± 0.01, t = 6.30, P < 0.001). The scratch assay indicated that compared with the control group, RDH10 knockdown significantly inhibited the migration of glioma cells (U87: 1.00% ± 0.04% vs. 2.00% ± 0.25%, t = 6.08, P < 0.01; U251: 1.00% ± 0.11% vs. 2.48% ± 0.31%, t = 5.79, P < 0.01). Furthermore, RDH10 knockdown significantly inhibited the invasive capacity of glioma cells (U87: 97.30 ± 7.01 vs. 13.70 ± 0.58, t = 20.36, P < 0.001; U251: 96.20 ± 7.10 vs. 18.30 ± 2.08, t = 18.51, P < 0.001). Finally, Western blotting demonstrated that compared with the control group, downregulation of RDH10 significantly inhibited TGF-β expression, phosphorylated SMAD2, and phosphorylated SMAD3 (TGF-β: 1.00 ± 0.10 vs. 0.53 ± 0.06, t = 7.05, P < 0.01; phosphorylated SMAD2: 1.00 ± 0.20 vs. 0.42 ± 0.17, t = 4.01, P < 0.01; phosphorylated SMAD3: 1.00 ± 0.18 vs. 0.41 ± 0.12, t = 4.12, P < 0.01). Conclusion: RDH10 knockdown might inhibit metastasis of glioma cells via the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway.
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Bufalieri F, Caimano M, Lospinoso Severini L, Basili I, Paglia F, Sampirisi L, Loricchio E, Petroni M, Canettieri G, Santoro A, D’Angelo L, Infante P, Di Marcotullio L. The RNA-Binding Ubiquitin Ligase MEX3A Affects Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis by Inducing Ubiquitylation and Degradation of RIG-I. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020321. [PMID: 32019099 PMCID: PMC7072305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GB) is the most malignant primary brain tumor in humans, with an overall survival of approximatively 15 months. The molecular heterogeneity of GB, as well as its rapid progression, invasiveness and the occurrence of drug-resistant cancer stem cells, limits the efficacy of the current treatments. In order to develop an innovative therapeutic strategy, it is mandatory to identify and characterize new molecular players responsible for the GB malignant phenotype. In this study, the RNA-binding ubiquitin ligase MEX3A was selected from a gene expression analysis performed on publicly available datasets, to assess its biological and still-unknown activity in GB tumorigenesis. We find that MEX3A is strongly up-regulated in GB specimens, and this correlates with very low protein levels of RIG-I, a tumor suppressor involved in differentiation, apoptosis and innate immune response. We demonstrate that MEX3A binds RIG-I and induces its ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent degradation. Further, the genetic depletion of MEX3A leads to an increase of RIG-I protein levels and results in the suppression of GB cell growth. Our findings unveil a novel molecular mechanism involved in GB tumorigenesis and suggest MEX3A and RIG-I as promising therapeutic targets in GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bufalieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.); (L.L.S.); (I.B.); (M.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Miriam Caimano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.); (L.L.S.); (I.B.); (M.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Ludovica Lospinoso Severini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.); (L.L.S.); (I.B.); (M.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Irene Basili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.); (L.L.S.); (I.B.); (M.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Francesco Paglia
- Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Neurochirurgia, Sapienza University, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Luigi Sampirisi
- Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Neurochirurgia, Sapienza University, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Elena Loricchio
- Center for Life Nano Science (CLNS@Sapienza), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Petroni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.); (L.L.S.); (I.B.); (M.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.); (L.L.S.); (I.B.); (M.P.); (G.C.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti-Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Neurochirurgia, Sapienza University, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Luca D’Angelo
- Dipartimento di Neurologia e Psichiatria, Neurochirurgia, Sapienza University, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Paola Infante
- Center for Life Nano Science (CLNS@Sapienza), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (L.D.M.); Tel.: +39-06-49255132 (P.I.); +39-06-49255657 (L.D.M.); Fax: +39-06-49255660 (L.D.M.)
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.); (L.L.S.); (I.B.); (M.P.); (G.C.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti-Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (L.D.M.); Tel.: +39-06-49255132 (P.I.); +39-06-49255657 (L.D.M.); Fax: +39-06-49255660 (L.D.M.)
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125
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Yang K, Tang XJ, Xu FF, Liu JH, Tan YQ, Gao L, Sun Q, Ding X, Liu BH, Chen QX. PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor PQR309 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:773-782. [PMID: 32020210 PMCID: PMC7040887 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary central nervous system tumor in adults, which has high mortality and morbidity rates, and short survival time, namely <15 months after the diagnosis and application of standard therapy, which includes surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy; thus, novel therapeutic strategies are imperative. The activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays an important role in GBM. In the present study, U87 and U251 GBM cells were treated with the PI3K/mTORC1/2 inhibitor PQR309, and its effect on glioma cells was investigated. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and colony formation assays revealed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in glioma cells that were treated with PQR309. Flow cytometry and western blotting revealed that PQR309 can significantly induce tumor cell apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in the G1 phase. Furthermore, the expression levels of AKT, phosphorylated (p)-AKT, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bad, Bax, cyclin D1, cleaved caspase-3, MMP-9 and MMP-2 were altered. In addition, the migration and invasion of glioma cells, as detected by wound healing, migration and Transwell invasion assays, exhibited a marked suppression after treating the cells with PQR309. These results indicated that PQR309 exerts an antitumor effect by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inducing G1 cell cycle arrest, and inhibiting invasion and migration in human glioma cells. The present study provides evidence supportive of further development of PQR309 for adjuvant therapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Jun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Fei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Qiu Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Xue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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126
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Tian ZR, Sahib S, Bryukhovetskiy I, Bryukhovetskiy A, Buzoianu AD, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Pathophysiology of blood-brain barrier in brain tumor. Novel therapeutic advances using nanomedicine. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 151:1-66. [PMID: 32448602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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127
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Randall EC, Lopez BGC, Peng S, Regan MS, Abdelmoula WM, Basu SS, Santagata S, Yoon H, Haigis MC, Agar JN, Tran NL, Elmquist WF, White FM, Sarkaria JN, Agar NYR. Localized Metabolomic Gradients in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2019; 80:1258-1267. [PMID: 31767628 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is increasingly recognized as a disease involving dysfunctional cellular metabolism. GBMs are known to be complex heterogeneous systems containing multiple distinct cell populations and are supported by an aberrant network of blood vessels. A better understanding of GBM metabolism, its variation with respect to the tumor microenvironment, and resulting regional changes in chemical composition is required. This may shed light on the observed heterogeneous drug distribution, which cannot be fully described by limited or uneven disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In this work, we used mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to map metabolites and lipids in patient-derived xenograft models of GBM. A data analysis workflow revealed that distinctive spectral signatures were detected from different regions of the intracranial tumor model. A series of long-chain acylcarnitines were identified and detected with increased intensity at the tumor edge. A 3D MSI dataset demonstrated that these molecules were observed throughout the entire tumor/normal interface and were not confined to a single plane. mRNA sequencing demonstrated that hallmark genes related to fatty acid metabolism were highly expressed in samples with higher acylcarnitine content. These data suggest that cells in the core and the edge of the tumor undergo different fatty acid metabolism, resulting in different chemical environments within the tumor. This may influence drug distribution through changes in tissue drug affinity or transport and constitute an important consideration for therapeutic strategies in the treatment of GBM. SIGNIFICANCE: GBM tumors exhibit a metabolic gradient that should be taken into consideration when designing therapeutic strategies for treatment.See related commentary by Tan and Weljie, p. 1231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Randall
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Begoña G C Lopez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sen Peng
- Division of Cancer and Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute - Affiliate of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Michael S Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walid M Abdelmoula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sankha S Basu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - William F Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Forest M White
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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128
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Zhang M, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Huang T, Wu Y. Impact of AKAP6 polymorphisms on Glioma susceptibility and prognosis. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:296. [PMID: 31759389 PMCID: PMC6875069 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with high mortality and poor prognosis. Our aim was to clarify the correlation between Kinase-anchored protein 6 (AKAP6) gene polymorphisms and glioma susceptibility and prognosis in Chinese Han population. METHODS Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AKAP6 were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY in 575 glioma patients and 500 healthy controls. Logistic regression model was utilized to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The associations between polymorphisms and survival were assessed using the log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model. RESULTS We found that rs2239647 polymorphism was strongly associated with an increased risk of glioma (OR = 1.90, p = 0.007) and a worse prognosis for glioma, especially in high-grade glioma (HR = 1.67, p = 0.034). Stratified analysis showed that rs2239647 increased the risk of glioma in female (OR = 1.62, p = 0.016). Whereas, rs4261436 (HR = 0.70, p = 0.045) and rs17522122 (HR = 0.75, p = 0.016) were associated with better prognosis of astrocytoma. In addition, we also found that surgical methods and chemotherapy are critical factors for the prognosis of glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS This study firstly provided evidence for the impact of AKAP6 polymorphisms on susceptibility and prognosis of glioma, suggesting AKAP6 variants might have potential roles in the etiology of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonglin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingqin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, #157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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129
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Sorokin A, Shurkhay V, Pekov S, Zhvansky E, Ivanov D, Kulikov EE, Popov I, Potapov A, Nikolaev E. Untangling the Metabolic Reprogramming in Brain Cancer: Discovering Key Molecular Players Using Mass Spectrometry. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1521-1534. [PMID: 31362676 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190729154543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells metabolism alteration is the new hallmark of cancer, as well as an important method for carcinogenesis investigation. It is well known that the malignant cells switch to aerobic glycolysis pathway occurring also in healthy proliferating cells. Recently, it was shown that in malignant cells de novo synthesis of the intracellular fatty acid replaces dietary fatty acids which change the lipid composition of cancer cells noticeably. These alterations in energy metabolism and structural lipid production explain the high proliferation rate of malignant tissues. However, metabolic reprogramming affects not only lipid metabolism but many of the metabolic pathways in the cell. 2-hydroxyglutarate was considered as cancer cell biomarker and its presence is associated with oxidative stress influencing the mitochondria functions. Among the variety of metabolite detection methods, mass spectrometry stands out as the most effective method for simultaneous identification and quantification of the metabolites. As the metabolic reprogramming is tightly connected with epigenetics and signaling modifications, the evaluation of metabolite alterations in cells is a promising approach to investigate the carcinogenesis which is necessary for improving current diagnostic capabilities and therapeutic capabilities. In this paper, we overview recent studies on metabolic alteration and oncometabolites, especially concerning brain cancer and mass spectrometry approaches which are now in use for the investigation of the metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Sorokin
- Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russian Federation
| | - Vsevolod Shurkhay
- Federal State Autonomous Institution, N.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Feaderation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav Pekov
- Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russian Federation.,Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Zhvansky
- Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russian Federation.,Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Daniil Ivanov
- Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russian Federation.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene E Kulikov
- Department of Molecular and Biological Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation.,Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Popov
- Laboratory of Ion and Molecular Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russian Federation.,Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Potapov
- Federal State Autonomous Institution, N.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Feaderation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene Nikolaev
- Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russian Federation
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130
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Zaccagna F, Riemer F, Priest AN, McLean MA, Allinson K, Grist JT, Dragos C, Matys T, Gillard JH, Watts C, Price SJ, Graves MJ, Gallagher FA. Non-invasive assessment of glioma microstructure using VERDICT MRI: correlation with histology. Eur Radiol 2019; 29:5559-5566. [PMID: 30888488 PMCID: PMC6719328 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-6011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This prospective study evaluated the use of vascular, extracellular and restricted diffusion for cytometry in tumours (VERDICT) MRI to investigate the tissue microstructure in glioma. VERDICT-derived parameters were correlated with both histological features and tumour subtype and were also used to explore the peritumoural region. METHODS Fourteen consecutive treatment-naïve patients (43.5 years ± 15.1 years, six males, eight females) with suspected glioma underwent diffusion-weighted imaging including VERDICT modelling. Tumour cell radius and intracellular and combined extracellular/vascular volumes were estimated using a framework based on linearisation and convex optimisation. An experienced neuroradiologist outlined the peritumoural oedema, enhancing tumour and necrosis on T2-weighted imaging and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. The same regions of interest were applied to the co-registered VERDICT maps to calculate the microstructure parameters. Pathology sections were analysed with semi-automated software to measure cellularity and cell size. RESULTS VERDICT parameters were successfully calculated in all patients. The imaging-derived results showed a larger intracellular volume fraction in high-grade glioma compared to low-grade glioma (0.13 ± 0.07 vs. 0.08 ± 0.02, respectively; p = 0.05) and a trend towards a smaller extracellular/vascular volume fraction (0.88 ± 0.07 vs. 0.92 ± 0.04, respectively; p = 0.10). The conventional apparent diffusion coefficient was higher in low-grade gliomas compared to high-grade gliomas, but this difference was not statistically significant (1.22 ± 0.13 × 10-3 mm2/s vs. 0.98 ± 0.38 × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively; p = 0.18). CONCLUSION This feasibility study demonstrated that VERDICT MRI can be used to explore the tissue microstructure of glioma using an abbreviated protocol. The VERDICT parameters of tissue structure correlated with those derived on histology. The method shows promise as a potential test for diagnostic stratification and treatment response monitoring in the future. KEY POINTS • VERDICT MRI is an advanced diffusion technique which has been correlated with histopathological findings obtained at surgery from patients with glioma in this study. • The intracellular volume fraction measured with VERDICT was larger in high-grade tumours compared to that in low-grade tumours. • The results were complementary to measurements from conventional diffusion-weighted imaging, and the technique could be performed in a clinically feasible timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Zaccagna
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Frank Riemer
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew N Priest
- Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mary A McLean
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kieren Allinson
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - James T Grist
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Carmen Dragos
- Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomasz Matys
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan H Gillard
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Colin Watts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham Brain Cancer Program, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen J Price
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin J Graves
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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131
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Increased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 indicates poor prognosis in glioma recurrence. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109369. [PMID: 31545229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main characteristic of glioma is recurrence, even after intensive multidisciplinary treatment. Studies show that enhanced invasive ability will increase the ability of tumor cells to escape from the primary tumor mass, which is a key factor contributing to tumor relapse and recurrence. In this study, we assessed the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, two important matrix metallopeptidases that increase the invasive ability of glioma, and their suppressors, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 in glioma tissues from primary and recurrent glioma patients by immunohistochemistry. Glioma cells and nude mice were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. Results showed that the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in recurrent gliomas were significantly higher than those in primary gliomas (P = 3.075 × 10-11, P = 1.510 × 10-5, respectively). We also found that radiotherapy increased the expression of MMP-9, but had no effect on MMP-2 and TIMP-1/2. With glioma cell line U251, we found that irradiation increased the expression of MMP-9 in vitro. Tumor tissues from an orthotopic xenograft model showed that after irradiation treatment, the expression of MMP-9 increased significantly in vivo. We also found that knocking down MMP-9 decreased irradiation-induced invasion obviously. Above all, we concluded that higher expressions of MMP-2/-9 indicate poor prognosis in glioma recurrence. The increased expression of MMP-9 after radiotherapy suggests that MMP-9 might be an important target in the radiosensitization of glioma.
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132
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D'Alessandro G, Quaglio D, Monaco L, Lauro C, Ghirga F, Ingallina C, De Martino M, Fucile S, Porzia A, Di Castro MA, Bellato F, Mastrotto F, Mori M, Infante P, Turano P, Salmaso S, Caliceti P, Di Marcotullio L, Botta B, Ghini V, Limatola C. 1H-NMR metabolomics reveals the Glabrescione B exacerbation of glycolytic metabolism beside the cell growth inhibitory effect in glioma. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:108. [PMID: 31455353 PMCID: PMC6712882 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common and primary brain tumors in adults. Despite the available multimodal therapies, glioma patients appear to have a poor prognosis. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is involved in tumorigenesis and emerged as a promising target for brain tumors. Glabrescione B (GlaB) has been recently identified as the first direct inhibitor of Gli1, the downstream effector of the pathway. METHODS We established the overexpression of Gli1 in murine glioma cells (GL261) and GlaB effect on cell viability. We used 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic approach to obtain informative metabolic snapshots of GL261 cells acquired at different time points during GlaB treatment. The activation of AMP activated protein Kinase (AMPK) induced by GlaB was established by western blot. After the orthotopic GL261 cells injection in the right striatum of C57BL6 mice and the intranasal (IN) GlaB/mPEG5kDa-Cholane treatment, the tumor growth was evaluated. The High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) combined with Mass Spectrometry (MS) was used to quantify GlaB in brain extracts of treated mice. RESULTS We found that GlaB affected the growth of murine glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo animal model. Using an untargeted 1H-NMR metabolomic approach, we found that GlaB stimulated the glycolytic metabolism in glioma, increasing lactate production. The high glycolytic rate could in part support the cytotoxic effects of GlaB, since the simultaneous blockade of lactate efflux with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (ACCA) affected glioma cell growth. According to the metabolomic data, we found that GlaB increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, a cellular energy sensor involved in the anabolic-to-catabolic transition. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that GlaB inhibits glioma cell growth and exacerbates Warburg effect, increasing lactate production. In addition, the simultaneous blockade of Gli1 and lactate efflux amplifies the anti-tumor effect in vivo, providing new potential therapeutic strategy for this brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Department of Excellence 2018-2022", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucia Monaco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Department of Excellence 2018-2022", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela De Martino
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Department of Excellence 2018-2022", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Alessandra Porzia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federica Bellato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, "Department of Excellence 2018-2022", University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Turano
- CERM and Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Department of Excellence 2018-2022", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghini
- CIRMMP, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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133
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Kwon S, Yoo KH, Sym SJ, Khang D. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy assisted by nanotechnology: a possible combinational treatment for brain tumor and central nerve regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5925-5942. [PMID: 31534331 PMCID: PMC6681156 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s217923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) intrinsically possess unique features that not only help in their migration towards the tumor-rich environment but they also secrete versatile types of secretomes to induce nerve regeneration and analgesic effects at inflammatory sites. As a matter of course, engineering MSCs to enhance their intrinsic abilities is growing in interest in the oncology and regenerative field. However, the concern of possible tumorigenesis of genetically modified MSCs prompted the development of non-viral transfected MSCs armed with nanotechnology for more effective cancer and regenerative treatment. Despite the fact that a large number of successful studies have expanded our current knowledge in tumor-specific targeting, targeting damaged brain site remains enigmatic due to the presence of a blood–brain barrier (BBB). A BBB is a barrier that separates blood from brain, but MSCs with intrinsic features of transmigration across the BBB can efficiently deliver desired drugs to target sites. Importantly, MSCs, when mediated by nanoparticles, can further enhance tumor tropism and can regenerate the damaged neurons in the central nervous system through the promotion of axon growth. This review highlights the homing and nerve regenerative abilities of MSCs in order to provide a better understanding of potential cell therapeutic applications of non-genetically engineered MSCs with the aid of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Kwon
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Kwai Han Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Sun Jin Sym
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Department of Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (Gaihst), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
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134
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Meng W, Wang B, Mao W, Wang J, Zhao Y, Li Q, Zhang C, Ma J. Enhanced efficacy of histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat combined with dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 against glioblastoma. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2019; 81:93-102. [PMID: 30962658 PMCID: PMC6433629 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.81.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite multiple treatment strategies, the prognosis is still poor. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combination treatment of GBM with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat and dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor BEZ235. GBM cells were exposed to panobinostat and BEZ235 treatment alone or in combination, after which cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were detected. Furthermore, the inhibitory mechanisms were investigated by Caspase-Glo assay, Western blot and qPCR analysis. We found that combination treatment with panobinostat and BEZ235 synergistically inhibited cell viability, markedly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in GBM cells. Mechanistically, cotreatment with panobinostat and BEZ235 increased caspase 3/7 activity, suppressed proliferation- and antiapoptosis-related markers and AKT signaling in GBM cells. Cotreatment with panobinostat and BEZ235 warrants further evaluation in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Mao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenran Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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135
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Zhang M, Lv X, Jiang Y, Li G, Qiao Q. Identification of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in glioblastoma multiforme and their association with patient survival. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2140-2152. [PMID: 31452706 PMCID: PMC6704589 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary tumour type of the central nervous system with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis, and its pathogenic mechanisms have remained to be fully elucidated. Aberrant DNA methylation is involved in multiple biological processes and may contribute to the occurrence and development of GBM by affecting the expression of certain genes. However, the specific molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The present study focused on uncovering differentially expressed genes with altered methylation status in GBM and aimed to discover novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of GBM. These genes were identified by combined analysis of multiple gene expression and methylation datasets from gene expression omnibus (GSE16011, GSE50161 and GSE 50923) to increase the reliability. In addition, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for GBM was used to test the stability of the results. Overall, 251 hypomethylated upregulated genes (Hypo-UGs) and 199 hypermethylated downregulated genes (Hyper-DGs) were identified in the present study. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the Hypo-UGs are involved in the regulation of immune- and infection-associated signalling, while the Hyper-DGs are involved in the regulation of synaptic transmission. The three hub genes for Hyper-DGs (somatostatin, neuropeptide Y and adenylate cyclase 2) and five hub genes for Hypo-UGs [interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 and MMP2] were identified by protein-protein interaction network analysis. Among the Hypo-UGs and Hyper-DGs, overexpression of C-type lectin domain containing 5A, epithelial membrane protein 3, solute carrier family 43 member 3, STEAP3 metalloreductase, tumour necrosis factor α-induced protein 6 and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G was significantly associated with poor prognosis in the TCGA and GSE16011 datasets (P<0.001). In conclusion, the present study uncovered numerous novel aberrantly methylated genes and pathways associated with GBM. Methylation-based markers, including the hub genes and prognostic genes identified, may potentially serve as markers for the diagnosis of GBM and targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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136
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Gao C, Liang J, Zhu Y, Ling C, Cheng Z, Li R, Qin J, Lu W, Wang J. Menthol-modified casein nanoparticles loading 10-hydroxycamptothecin for glioma targeting therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:843-857. [PMID: 31384543 PMCID: PMC6663921 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy outcomes for the treatment of glioma remains unsatisfactory due to the inefficient drug transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and insufficient drug accumulation in the tumor region. Although many approaches, including various nanosystems, have been developed to promote the distribution of chemotherapeutics in the brain tumor, the delivery efficiency and the possible damage to the normal brain function still greatly restrict the clinical application of the nanocarriers. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to discover more safe and effective BBB penetration and glioma-targeting strategies. In the present study, menthol, one of the strongest BBB penetration enhancers screened from traditional Chinese medicine, was conjugated to casein, a natural food protein with brain targeting capability. Then the conjugate self-assembled into the nanoparticles to load anti-cancer drugs. The nanoparticles were characterized to have appropriate size, spheroid shape and high loading drug capacity. Tumor spheroid penetration experiments demonstrated that penetration ability of menthol-modified casein nanoparticles (M-CA-NP) into the tumor were much deeper than that of unmodified nanoparticles. In vivo imaging further verified that M-CA-NPs exhibited higher brain tumor distribution than unmodified nanoparticles. The median survival time of glioma-bearing mice treated with HCPT-M-CA-NPs was significantly prolonged than those treated with free HCPT or HCPT-CA-NPs. HE staining of the organs indicated the safety of the nanoparticles. Therefore, the study combined the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine strategy with modern delivery technology for brain targeting, and provide a safe and effective approach for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifang Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianming Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengli Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhekang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weigen Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +86 21 51980087.
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +86 21 51980087.
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137
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Lv Y, Zhang S, Liu Z, Tian Y, Liang N, Zhang J. Prognostic value of preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is superior to systemic immune inflammation index for survival in patients with Glioblastoma. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 181:24-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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138
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Milani R, Brognara E, Fabbri E, Manicardi A, Corradini R, Finotti A, Gasparello J, Borgatti M, Cosenza LC, Lampronti I, Dechecchi MC, Cabrini G, Gambari R. Targeting miR‑155‑5p and miR‑221‑3p by peptide nucleic acids induces caspase‑3 activation and apoptosis in temozolomide‑resistant T98G glioma cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:59-68. [PMID: 31180529 PMCID: PMC6561624 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of the combined treatment of two peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), directed against microRNAs involved in caspase‑3 mRNA regulation (miR‑155‑5p and miR‑221‑3p) in the temozolomide (TMZ)‑resistant T98G glioma cell line. These PNAs were conjugated with an octaarginine tail in order to obtain an efficient delivery to treated cells. The effects of singularly administered PNAs or a combined treatment with both PNAs were examined on apoptosis, with the aim to determine whether reversion of the drug‑resistance phenotype was obtained. Specificity of the PNA‑mediated effects was analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase‑chain reaction, which demonstrated that the effects of R8‑PNA‑a155 and R8-PNA-a221 anti‑miR PNAs were specific. Furthermore, the results obtained confirmed that both PNAs induced apoptosis when used on the temozolomide‑resistant T98G glioma cell line. Notably, co‑administration of both anti‑miR‑155 and anti‑miR‑221 PNAs was associated with an increased proapoptotic activity. In addition, TMZ further increased the induction of apoptosis in T98G cells co‑treated with anti‑miR‑155 and anti‑miR‑221 PNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Milani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I‑144121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Brognara
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I‑144121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrica Fabbri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I‑144121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alex Manicardi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, I‑143214 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Corradini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, I‑143214 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I‑144121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I‑144121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I‑144121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Carmela Cosenza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I‑144121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I‑144121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Cabrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University‑Hospital of Verona, I‑37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I‑144121 Ferrara, Italy
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139
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Chen YS, Chiu YH, Li YS, Lin EY, Hsieh DK, Lee CH, Huang MH, Chuang HM, Lin SZ, Harn HJ, Chiou TW. Integration of PEG 400 into a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system improves drug loading capacity and nasal mucosa permeability and prolongs the survival of rats with malignant brain tumors. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3601-3613. [PMID: 31190814 PMCID: PMC6530554 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Kolliphor® EL (K-EL) is among the most useful surfactants in the preparation of emulsions. However, it is associated with low hydrophobic drug loading in the resulting emulsified formulation. Methods: In this study, a formulation for intranasal administration of butylidenephthalide (Bdph), a candidate drug against glioblastoma (GBM), was prepared. Physical characteristics of the formulation such as particle size, zeta potential, conductivity, and viscosity were assessed, as well as its cytotoxicity and permeability, in order to optimize the formulation and improve its drug loading capacity. Results: The optimized formulation involved the integration of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) in K-EL to encapsulate Bdph dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and it exhibited higher drug loading capacity and drug solubility in water than the old formulation, which did not contain PEG 400. Incorporation of PEG 400 as a co-surfactant increased Bdph loading capacity to up to 50% (v/v), even in formulations using Kolliphor® HS 15 (K-HS15) as a surfactant, which is less compatible with Bdph than K-EL. The optimized Bdph formulation presented 5- and 2.5-fold higher permeability and cytotoxicity, respectively, in human GBM than stock Bdph. This could be attributed to the high drug loading capacity and the high polarity index due to DMSO, which increases the compatibility between the drug and the cell. Rats bearing a brain glioma treated with 160 mg/kg intranasal emulsified Bdph had a mean survival of 37 days, which is the same survival time achieved by treatment with 320 mg/kg stock Bdph. This implies that the optimized emulsified formulation required only half the Bdph dose to achieve an efficacy similar to that of stock Bdph in the treatment of animals with malignant brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shuan Chen
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Li
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - En-Yi Lin
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Dean-Kuo Hsieh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mao-Hsuan Huang
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Meng Chuang
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
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140
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Huo JF, Chen XB. Knockdown of TMPRSS3 inhibits cell proliferation, migration/invasion and induces apoptosis of glioma cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:7794-7801. [PMID: 30443974 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane protease serine 3 (TMPRSS3) is a member of type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSP) family, which play important roles in the development and progression of various cancers. However, the role of TMPRSS3 in glioma remains unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the expression patterns of TMPRSS3 in clinical tumor samples and glioma cell lines. The results showed that TMPRSS3 was highly expressed in both human glioma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of TMPRSS3 in glioma cells by transfection with small interfering RNA targeting TMPRSS3 (si-TMPRSS3) significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration/invasion. Moreover, knockdown of TMPRSS3 markedly elevated the apoptotic rate of glioma cells. Si-TMPRSS3 transfection also resulted in a remarkable increase in bax expression and a notable decrease in bcl-2 expression in glioma cells. Furthermore, TMPRSS3 knockdown markedly suppressed the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1. The results indicated that knockdown of TMPRSS3 exhibited antiglioma effect, which is associated with the inactivation of the Notch signaling pathway. These findings suggested that TMPRSS3 might be used as a therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Huo
- Second Ward, Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Chen
- Second Ward, Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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141
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Sherman LS, Romagano MP, Williams SF, Rameshwar P. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies in brain disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:111-119. [PMID: 30922957 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As treatments for diseases throughout the body progress, treatment for many brain diseases has been at a standstill due to difficulties in drug delivery. While new drugs are being discovered in vitro, these therapies are often hindered by inefficient tissue distribution and, more commonly, an inability to cross the blood brain barrier. Mesenchymal stem cells are thus being investigated as a delivery tool to directly target therapies to the brain to treat wide array of brain diseases. This review discusses the use of mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic disease (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy), an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease (multiple sclerosis), and a malignant condition (glioma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Sherman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA; School of Graduate Studies, Biomedical Sciences Programs - Newark, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew P Romagano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Shauna F Williams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA.
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142
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Biodegradable wafers releasing Temozolomide and Carmustine for the treatment of brain cancer. J Control Release 2019; 295:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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143
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Adnan Ali SM, Mirza Y, Ahmad Z, Zahid N, Enam SA. Human Papillomavirus and Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Association with Prognosis in Patients with Primary Glioblastoma in Pakistan. World Neurosurg 2019; 121:e931-e939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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144
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Arcella A, Palchetti S, Digiacomo L, Pozzi D, Capriotti AL, Frati L, Oliva MA, Tsaouli G, Rota R, Screpanti I, Mahmoudi M, Caracciolo G. Brain Targeting by Liposome-Biomolecular Corona Boosts Anticancer Efficacy of Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:3166-3174. [PMID: 30015470 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the current first-line chemotherapy for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, similar to other brain therapeutic compounds, access of TMZ to brain tumors is impaired by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leading to poor response for GBM patients. To overcome this major hurdle, we have synthesized a set of TMZ-encapsulating nanomedicines made of four cationic liposome (CL) formulations with systematic changes in lipid composition and physical-chemical properties. The targeting nature of this nanomedicine is provided by the recruitment of proteins, with natural targeting capacity, in the biomolecular corona (BC) layer that forms around CLs after exposure to human plasma (HP). TMZ-loaded CL-BC complexes were thoroughly characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), and nanoliquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC MS/MS). BCs were found to be enriched of typical BC fingerprints (BCFs) (e.g., Apolipoproteins, Vitronectin, and vitamin K-dependent protein), which have a substantial capacity in binding to receptors that are overexpressed at the BBB (e.g., scavenger receptor class B, type I and low-density lipoprotein receptor). We found that the CL formulation exhibiting the highest levels of targeting BCFs had larger uptake in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that are commonly used as an in vitro model of the BBB. This formulation could also deliver TMZ to the human glioblastoma U-87 MG cell line and thus substantially enhance their antitumor efficacy compared to corona free CLs. Thus, we propose that the BC-based nanomedicines may pave a more effective way for efficient treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Arcella
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Via dell’Elettronica 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Sara Palchetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Digiacomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Frati
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Via dell’Elettronica 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Oliva
- Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Via dell’Elettronica 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Georgia Tsaouli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Oncohematology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu’, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Du S, Sarver JG, Trabbic CJ, Erhardt PW, Schroering A, Maltese WA. 6-MOMIPP, a novel brain-penetrant anti-mitotic indolyl-chalcone, inhibits glioblastoma growth and viability. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 83:237-254. [PMID: 30426158 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 3-(6-Methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propene-1-one (6-MOMIPP) is a novel indole-based chalcone that disrupts microtubules. The present study aims to define the mechanism through which 6-MOMIPP induces cell death and to evaluate the efficacy of the compound in penetrating the blood-brain barrier and inhibiting growth of glioblastoma xenografts. METHODS The effects of 6-MOMIPP were evaluated in cultured U251 glioblastoma cells, using viability, flow cytometry, and tubulin polymerization assays. Scintillation proximity and tubulin crosslinking methods were used to identify the binding site of 6-MOMIPP on tubulin, and western blots were performed to define the signaling pathways that contribute to cell death. LC/MS assays were used to study the pharmacokinetic behavior of 6-MOMIPP in mice. Subcutaneous and intracerebral xenograft models were utilized to assess the effects of 6-MOMIPP on growth of U251 glioblastoma in vivo. RESULTS The findings indicate that 6-MOMIPP targets the colchicine site on β-tubulin. At concentrations ≥ 250 nm, 6-MOMIPP induces mitotic arrest, caspase activation and loss of cell viability. Cells are protected by caspase inhibitors, pointing to an apoptotic mechanism of cell death. Loss of cell viability is preceded by activation of Cdk1(Cdc2) and phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Inhibition of both events with a Cdk1 inhibitor prevents cell death. 6-MOMIPP has broad activity against the viability of multiple glioblastoma, melanoma and lung carcinoma cell lines. Viability of normal cells, including differentiated neurons, is not significantly affected at a drug concentration (1 µM) that reduces viability in most cancer lines. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice show that concentrations of 6-MOMIPP in the brain mirror those in the plasma, indicating that 6-MOMIPP readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Studies with mice bearing human U251 glioblastoma xenografts demonstrate that 6-MOMIPP is effective in suppressing growth of subcutaneous and intracerebral tumors without causing general toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that 6-MOMIPP is a novel microtubule disruptor that targets the colchicine binding site on β-tubulin to induce mitotic arrest and cell death. The ability of 6-MOMIPP to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and inhibit growth of glioblastoma xenografts suggests that it warrants further preclinical evaluation as potential small-molecule therapeutic that may have advantages in treating primary and metastatic brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Du
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Sarver
- Center for Drug Design and Development, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2810 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Christopher J Trabbic
- Center for Drug Design and Development, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2810 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Paul W Erhardt
- Center for Drug Design and Development, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2810 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Allen Schroering
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - William A Maltese
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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Xu PF, Yang JA, Liu JH, Yang X, Liao JM, Yuan FE, Liu BH, Chen QX. PI3Kβ inhibitor AZD6482 exerts antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:125-132. [PMID: 30542720 PMCID: PMC6278584 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common type of primary brain tumour in adults, and its pathogenesis is particularly complicated. Among the many possible mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis, hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is essential to the occurrence and development of glioma through the loss of PTEN or somatic activating mutations in PIK3CA. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the PI3Kβ inhibitor AZD6482 on glioma cells. The CCK-8 assay showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity in glioma cell lines treated with AZD6482. Additionally, AZD6482 treatment was found to significantly induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest as detected using flow cytometry. Moreover, as shown using western blot analysis, the levels of p-AKT, p-GSK-3β, Bcl-2, and cyclin D1 were decreased after AZD6482 treatment. In addition, we found that AZD6482 inhibited the migration and invasion of glioma cells as detected by wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. Taken together, our findings indicate that AZD6482 exerts an antitumour effect by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in human glioma cells. AZD6482 may be applied as an adjuvant therapy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ji-An Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ming Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fan-En Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Xue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Ghosh D, Nandi S, Bhattacharjee S. Combination therapy to checkmate Glioblastoma: clinical challenges and advances. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:33. [PMID: 30327965 PMCID: PMC6191404 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is increasingly becoming the cornerstone of current day antitumor therapy. Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive brain tumor with a dismal median survival post diagnosis and a high rate of disease recurrence. The poor prognosis can be attributed to unique treatment limitations, which include the infiltrative nature of tumor cells, failure of anti-glioma drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, tumor heterogeneity and the highly metastatic and angiogenic nature of the tumor making cells resistant to chemotherapy. Combination therapy approach is being developed against glioblastoma with new innovative combination drug regimens being tested in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of glioblastoma, diagnostic markers, therapeutic targeting strategies, current treatment limitations, novel combination therapies in the context of current treatment options and the ongoing clinical trials for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Ghosh
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
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Mitochondrial enzyme GLUD2 plays a critical role in glioblastoma progression. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:56-67. [PMID: 30314897 PMCID: PMC6284416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and malignant primary brain tumor in adults and despite the progress in surgical procedures and therapy options, the overall survival remains very poor. Glutamate and α-KG are fundamental elements necessary to support the growth and proliferation of GBM cells. Glutamate oxidative deamination, catalyzed by GLUD2, is the predominant pathway for the production of α-KG. Methods GLUD2 emerged from the RNA-seq analysis of 13 GBM patients, performed in our laboratory and a microarray analysis of 77 high-grade gliomas available on the Geo database. Thereafter, we investigated GLUD2 relevance in cancer cell behavior by GLUD2 overexpression and silencing in two different human GBM cell lines. Finally, we overexpressed GLUD2 in-vivo by using zebrafish embryos and monitored the developing central nervous system. Findings GLUD2 expression was found associated to the histopathological classification, prognosis and survival of GBM patients. Moreover, through in-vitro functional studies, we showed that differences in GLUD2 expression level affected cell proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation abilities, cell cycle phases, mitochondrial function and ROS production. In support of these findings, we also demonstrated, with in-vivo studies, that GLUD2 overexpression affects glial cell proliferation without affecting neuronal development in zebrafish embryos. Interpretation We concluded that GLUD2 overexpression inhibited GBM cell growth suggesting a novel potential drug target for control of GBM progression. The possibility to enhance GLUD2 activity in GBM could result in a blocked/reduced proliferation of GBM cells without affecting the survival of the surrounding neurons.
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Meng W, Wang B, Mao W, Wang J, Zhao Y, Li Q, Zhang C, Tang Y, Ma J. Enhanced efficacy of histone deacetylase inhibitor combined with bromodomain inhibitor in glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:241. [PMID: 30285808 PMCID: PMC6167847 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most malignant primary brain cancer in adults. Despite multimodality treatment, the prognosis is still poor. Therefore, further work is urgently required to discover novel therapeutic strategies for GBM treatment. Methods The synergistic effects of cotreatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat and bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 or OTX015 were validated using cell viability assays in GBM cell lines. Furthermore, the inhibitory mechanisms were investigated via an EdU proliferation assay, an apoptosis assay, qPCR, Western blot and RNAseq analyses. Results We found that the cotreatment with panobinostat and JQ1 or OTX015 synergistically inhibited cell viability in GBM cells. The cotreatment with panobinostat and JQ1 or OTX015 markedly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in GBM cells. Compared with treatment with each drug alone, the cotreatment with panobinostat and JQ1 induced more profound caspase 3/7 activation and cytotoxicity. Mechanistic investigation showed that combination of panobinostat with JQ1 or OTX015 results in stronger repression of GBM-associated oncogenic genes or pathways as well as higher induction of GBM-associated tumor-suppressive genes. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that HDAC inhibitor and bromodomain inhibitor had synergistical efficacy against GBM cells. The cotreatment with HDAC inhibitor and bromodomain inhibitor warrants further attention in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Mao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenran Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Tang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Weyerhäuser P, Kantelhardt SR, Kim EL. Re-purposing Chloroquine for Glioblastoma: Potential Merits and Confounding Variables. Front Oncol 2018; 8:335. [PMID: 30211116 PMCID: PMC6120043 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing evidence that antimalarial chloroquine could be re-purposed for cancer treatment. A dozen of clinical trials have been initiated within the past 10 years to test the potential of chloroquine as an adjuvant treatment for therapy-refractory cancers including glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive human cancers. While there is considerable evidence for the efficacy and safety of chloroquine the mechanisms underlying the tumor suppressive actions of this drug remain elusive. Up until recently, inhibition of the late stage of autophagy was thought to be the major mechanism of chloroquine-mediated cancer cells death. However, recent research provided compelling evidence that autophagy-inhibiting activities of chloroquine are dispensable for its ability to suppress tumor cells growth. These unexpected findings necessitate a further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that are essential for anti-cancer activities of CHQ. This review discusses the versatile actions of chloroquine in cancer cells with particular focus on glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weyerhäuser
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Sven R. Kantelhardt
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ella L. Kim
- Laboratory for Experimental Neurooncology, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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