101
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Pirklbauer M, Schupart R, Mayer G. Acute calcium kinetics in haemodialysis patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:976-984. [PMID: 27689678 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To avoid excessive calcium loading in haemodialysis (HD) patients, current guidelines suggest a dialysate calcium concentration (dCa) of 2·5 mEq/L based on relatively stable intradialytic serum calcium levels. However, the latter do not account for possible calcium storage in acutely accessible pools. A rapidly exchangeable calcium pool located at the bone level has been previously proposed to be involved in acute (minute-to-minute) extracellular calcium regulation. DESIGN To evaluate the contribution of this pool in the maintenance of serum calcium levels, acute calcium buffer capacity was assessed by measuring intradialytic dialysate-sided ionized calcium mass balance (iCaMB ) and change in extracellular fluid calcium mass in chronic HD patients using a dCa of 3·5 (n = 28) and 2·5 (n = 10) mEq/L. Serum osteocalcin, the most abundant noncollagenous bone protein, was measured before the HD session. RESULTS iCaMB was invariably positive for both 2·5 and 3·5 mEq/L dCa, with a mean of 434 (±125) and 725 (±162) mg/HD, respectively (P < 0·001). Buffered intradialytic calcium load was 410 (±116) and 565 (±130) mg/HD, and acute calcium buffer capacity was 95 (±8)% and 78 (±7)% (mean values at 2·5 and 3·5 mEq/L dCa, respectively) (P < 0·001). Using 3·5 mEq/L dCa, an independent association of acute calcium buffer capacity with undercarboxylated osteocalcin (β = 0·512, P = 0·002) was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Our data strongly suggest the existence of a rapidly exchangeable calcium pool that counteracts acute serum calcium deviations in HD patients. This study provides, for the first time, experimental evidence for the involvement of bone in acute extracellular calcium regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Pirklbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV - Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ramona Schupart
- Department of Internal Medicine IV - Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV - Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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102
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Mandair GS, Han AL, Keller ET, Morris MD. Raman microscopy of bladder cancer cells expressing green fluorescent protein. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:115001. [PMID: 27805248 PMCID: PMC8357324 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene engineering is a commonly used tool in cellular biology to determine changes in function or expression of downstream targets. However, the impact of genetic modulation on biochemical effects is less frequently evaluated. The aim of this study is to use Raman microscopy to assess the biochemical effects of gene silencing on T24 and UMUC-13 bladder cancer cell lines. Cellular biochemical information related to nucleic acid and lipogenic components was obtained from deconvolved Raman spectra. We show that the green fluorescence protein (GFP), the chromophore that served as a fluorescent reporter for gene silencing, could also be detected by Raman microscopy. Only the gene-silenced UMUC-13 cell lines exhibited low-to-moderate GFP fluorescence as determined by fluorescence imaging and Raman spectroscopic studies. Moreover, we show that gene silencing and cell phenotype had a greater effect on nucleic acid and lipogenic components with minimal interference from GFP expression. Gene silencing was also found to perturb cellular protein secondary structure in which the amount of disorderd protein increased at the expense of more ordered protein. Overall, our study identified the spectral signature for cellular GFP expression and elucidated the effects of gene silencing on cancer cell biochemistry and protein secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit S. Mandair
- University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Gurjit S. Mandair, E-mail:
| | - Amy L. Han
- University of Michigan, Department of Urology and Biointerfaces Institute, NCRC Building 20, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, United States
| | - Evan T. Keller
- University of Michigan, Department of Urology and Biointerfaces Institute, NCRC Building 20, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800, United States
| | - Michael D. Morris
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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103
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Abstract
The fluorescent dye DAPI is useful for its association with and consequent amplification of an ∼460 nm emission maximum upon binding to dsDNA. Labelling with higher DAPI concentrations is a technique used to reveal Pi polymers [polyphosphate (polyP)], with a red-shift to ∼520-550 nm fluorescence emission. DAPI-polyP emissions of ∼580 nm are also generated upon 415 nm excitation. Red-shifted DAPI emission has been associated with polyP and RNA and has more recently been reported with polyadenylic acid (polyA), specific inositol phosphates (IPs) and heparin. We find that amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) also demonstrates red-shifted DAPI emission at high DAPI concentrations. This DAPI spectral shift has been attributed to DAPI-DAPI electrostatic interactions enabled by molecules with high negative charge density that increase the local DAPI concentration and favour DAPI molecular proximity, as observed by increasing the dye/phosphate ratio. Excitation of dry DAPI (∼360 nm) confirmed a red-shifted DAPI emission. Whereas enzymatic approaches to modify substrates can help define the nature of DAPI fluorescence signals, multiple approaches beyond red-shifted DAPI excitation/emission are advised before conclusions are drawn about DAPI substrate identification.
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104
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Akiva A, Kerschnitzki M, Pinkas I, Wagermaier W, Yaniv K, Fratzl P, Addadi L, Weiner S. Mineral Formation in the Larval Zebrafish Tail Bone Occurs via an Acidic Disordered Calcium Phosphate Phase. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14481-14487. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Akiva
- Department
of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michael Kerschnitzki
- Department
of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Iddo Pinkas
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department
of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department
of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department
of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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105
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Bjørnøy SH, Bassett DC, Ucar S, Strand BL, Andreassen JP, Sikorski P. A correlative spatiotemporal microscale study of calcium phosphate formation and transformation within an alginate hydrogel matrix. Acta Biomater 2016; 44:254-66. [PMID: 27567962 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The modification of soft hydrogels with hard inorganic components is a method used to form composite materials with application in non-load-bearing bone tissue engineering. The inclusion of an inorganic component may provide mechanical enhancement, introduce osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties, or change other aspects of interactions between native or implanted cells and the material. A thorough understanding of the interactions between such components is needed to improve the rational design of such biomaterials. To achieve this goal, model systems which could allow study of the formation and transformation of mineral phases within a hydrogel network with a range of experimental methods and high spatial and time resolution are needed. Here, we report a detailed investigation of the formation and transformation process of calcium phosphate mineral within an alginate hydrogel matrix. A combination of optical microscopy, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution, morphology and crystal phase of the calcium phosphate mineral, as well as to study transformation of the mineral phases during the hydrogel mineralization process and upon incubation in a simulated body fluid. It was found, that under the conditions used in this work, mineral initially formed as a metastable amorphous calcium phosphate phase (ACP). The ACP particles had a distinctive spherical morphology and transformed within minutes into brushite in the presence of brushite seed crystals or into octacalcium phosphate, when no seeds were present in the hydrogel matrix. Incubation of brushite-alginate composites in simulated body fluid resulted in formation of hydroxyapatite. The characterization strategy presented here allows for non-destructive, in situ observation of mineralization processes in optically transparent hydrogels with little to no sample preparation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The precipitation and transformations of calcium phosphates (CaP) is a complex process, where both formation kinetics and the stability of different mineral phases control the outcome. This situation is even more complex if CaP is precipitated in a hydrogel matrix, where one can expect the organic matrix to modulate crystallization by introducing supersaturation gradients or changing the nucleation and growth kinetics of crystals. In this study we apply a range of characterization techniques to study the mineral formation and transformations of CaP within an alginate matrix with spatiotemporal resolution. It demonstrates how a detailed investigation of the mineral precipitation and transformations can aid in the future rational design of hydrogel-based materials for bone tissue engineering and studies of biomineralization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre H Bjørnøy
- Department of Physics, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - David C Bassett
- Department of Physics, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Seniz Ucar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Berit L Strand
- Department of Biotechnology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jens-Petter Andreassen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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106
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Kawai T, Tanuma Y, Matsui K, Suzuki O, Takahashi T, Kamakura S. Clinical safety and efficacy of implantation of octacalcium phosphate collagen composites in tooth extraction sockets and cyst holes. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416670770. [PMID: 27757220 PMCID: PMC5051665 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416670770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It was demonstrated that octacalcium phosphate collagen composite achieved notable bone regeneration in bone defects in preclinical studies. On the basis of the research results, an investigator-initiated exploratory clinical trial was conducted after approval from a local Institutional Review Board. This clinical study was performed as a single-arm non-randomized intervention study. Octacalcium phosphate collagen composite was implanted into a total of 10 cases of alveolar bone defects after tooth extractions and cystectomy. Safety assessment was performed in terms of the clinical course and several consecutive laboratory examinations, and sequential radiographs were used for efficacy assessment. All participants uneventfully completed the clinical trial without major problems in their general condition. Postoperative wound swelling was observed, as also commonly seen in tooth extraction or cystectomy. Although no serious liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction, electrolyte imbalance, or abnormal urinalysis results were recognized, the number of white blood cells and C-reactive protein level temporarily increased after the operation. An increase in radiopacity in the octacalcium phosphate collagen composite–implanted site was observed in all cases. Finally, the border between the original bone and the octacalcium phosphate collagen composite–implanted site became indistinguishable. These results suggest that octacalcium phosphate collagen composite could be utilized safely in clinical situations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanuma
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsui
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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107
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Bannerman A, Williams RL, Cox SC, Grover LM. Visualising phase change in a brushite-based calcium phosphate ceramic. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32671. [PMID: 27604149 PMCID: PMC5015027 DOI: 10.1038/srep32671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The resorption of brushite-based bone cements has been shown to be highly unpredictable, with strong dependence on a number of conditions. One of the major factors is phase transformation, with change to more stable phases such as hydroxyapatite affecting the rate of resorption. Despite its importance, the analysis of phase transformation has been largely undertaken using methods that only detect crystalline composition and give no information on the spatial distribution of the phases. In this study confocal Raman microscopy was used to map cross-sections of brushite cylinders aged in Phosphate Buffered Saline, Foetal Bovine Serum, Dulbecco's - Minimum Essential Medium (with and without serum). Image maps showed the importance of ageing medium on the phase composition throughout the ceramic structure. When aged without serum, there was dissolution of the brushite phase concomitant to the deposition of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) around the periphery of the sample. The deposition of OCP was detectable within five days and reduced the rate of brushite dissolution from the material. The use of serum, even at a concentration of 10vol% prevented phase transformation. This paper demonstrates the value of confocal Raman microscopy in monitoring phase change in biocements; it also demonstrates the problems with assessing material degradation in non-serum containing media.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bannerman
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - R. L. Williams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - S. C. Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - L. M. Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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108
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Liu Y, Luo D, Wang T. Hierarchical Structures of Bone and Bioinspired Bone Tissue Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4611-4632. [PMID: 27322951 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone, as a mineralized composite of inorganic (mostly carbonated hydroxyapatite) and organic (mainly type I collagen) phases, possesses a unique combination of remarkable strength and toughness. Its excellent mechanical properties are related to its hierarchical structures and precise organization of the inorganic and organic phases at the nanoscale: Nanometer-sized hydroxyapatite crystals periodically deposit within the gap zones of collagen fibrils during bone biomineralization process. This hierarchical arrangement produces nanomechanical heterogeneities, which enable a mechanism for high energy dissipation and resistance to fracture. The excellent mechanical properties integrated with the hierarchical nanostructure of bone have inspired chemists and material scientists to develop biomimetic strategies for artificial bone grafts in tissue engineering (TE). This critical review provides a broad overview of the current mechanisms involved in bone biomineralization, and the relationship between bone hierarchical structures and the deformation mechanism. Our goal in this review is to inspire the application of these principles toward bone TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Center for Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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109
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Raman spectroscopic investigation on the molecular structure of apatite and collagen in osteoporotic cortical bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 65:264-273. [PMID: 27608424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study employed highly spectrally resolved Raman spectroscopy to examine the molecular composition of cortical bone tissue obtained from murine females in their healthy and ovariectomy- (OVX-) induced osteoporotic states. The aim of the study was to identify structural differences at the molecular scale both in apatite mineral and collagen fibrils between the two groups of samples. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical composition of cortical bone in regions including characteristic bands of both bone mineral and bone matrix. The results demonstrated that the mineral apatite of bone did not undergo significant amorphization in its diseased state, with the Raman microprobe also failing in recognizing a direct role of carbonate content in the embrittlement of OVX-diseased bone. On the other hand, complex off-stoichiometry variations could be detected in the columnar Ca-structure of the bony hydroxyapatite according to morphological variations of the Raman band belonging to the symmetric phosphate stretching (A1) band at ~959cm-1. A fundamental role was also recognized for collagen quality on the process of bone embrittlement. The so-called matrix maturity ratio, as systematically measured on Raman spectra in the Amide I region, increased with statistical significance in OVX-treated samples as compared to control samples. An 8% increase could be associated to a 115% increase in elastic stress intensification in the mineral phase of OVX-diseased tissue as compared to the control one, thus proving a degradation in the (elastic) energy-dissipative capacity of a diseased bone matrix.
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110
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Ibsen CJS, Chernyshov D, Birkedal H. Apatite Formation from Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Mixed Amorphous Calcium Phosphate/Amorphous Calcium Carbonate. Chemistry 2016; 22:12347-57. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casper J. S. Ibsen
- iNANO and Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 14 Gustav Wieds Vej 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- iNANO and Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; 14 Gustav Wieds Vej 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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111
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Nitiputri K, Ramasse QM, Autefage H, McGilvery CM, Boonrungsiman S, Evans ND, Stevens MM, Porter AE. Nanoanalytical Electron Microscopy Reveals a Sequential Mineralization Process Involving Carbonate-Containing Amorphous Precursors. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6826-35. [PMID: 27383526 PMCID: PMC5404715 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A direct observation and an in-depth characterization of the steps by which bone mineral nucleates and grows in the extracellular matrix during the earliest stages of maturation, using relevant biomineralization models as they grow into mature bone mineral, is an important research goal. To better understand the process of bone mineralization in the extracellular matrix, we used nanoanalytical electron microscopy techniques to examine an in vitro model of bone formation. This study demonstrates the presence of three dominant CaP structures in the mineralizing osteoblast cultures: <80 nm dense granules with a low calcium to phosphate ratio (Ca/P) and crystalline domains; calcium phosphate needles emanating from a focus: "needle-like globules" (100-300 nm in diameter) and mature mineral, both with statistically higher Ca/P compared to that of the dense granules. Many of the submicron granules and globules were interspersed around fibrillar structures containing nitrogen, which are most likely the signature of the organic phase. With high spatial resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping, spatially resolved maps were acquired showing the distribution of carbonate within each mineral structure. The carbonate was located in the middle of the granules, which suggested the nucleation of the younger mineral starts with a carbonate-containing precursor and that this precursor may act as seed for growth into larger, submicron-sized, needle-like globules of hydroxyapatite with a different stoichiometry. Application of analytical electron microscopy has important implications in deciphering both how normal bone forms and in understanding pathological mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kharissa Nitiputri
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | - Hélène Autefage
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | - Suwimon Boonrungsiman
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nicholas D. Evans
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
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Danoux C, Pereira D, Döbelin N, Stähli C, Barralet J, van Blitterswijk C, Habibovic P. The Effects of Crystal Phase and Particle Morphology of Calcium Phosphates on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1775-85. [PMID: 27232450 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are extensively used for bone regeneration; however, their clinical performance is still considered inferior to that of patient's own bone. To improve the performance of CaP bone graft substitutes, it is important to understand the effects of their individual properties on a biological response. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the crystal phase and particle morphology on the behavior of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). To study the effect of the crystal phase, brushite, monetite, and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) are produced by controlling the precipitation conditions. Brushite and monetite are produced as plate-shaped and as needle-shaped particles, to further investigate the effect of particle morphology. Proliferation of hMSCs is inhibited on OCP as compared to brushite and monetite in either morphology. Brushite needles consistently show the lowest expression of most osteogenic markers, whereas the expression on OCP is in general high. There is a trend toward a higher expression of the osteogenic markers on plate-shaped than on needle-shaped particles for both brushite and monetite. Within the limits of CaP precipitation, these data indicate the effect of both crystal phase and particle morphology of CaPs on the behavior of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Danoux
- Department of Tissue Regeneration University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Pereira
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University P.O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Döbelin
- RMS Foundation P.O. Box 203 2544 Bettlach Switzerland
- Institute of Geological Sciences University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 1‐3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Jake Barralet
- Faculty of Dentistry McGill University 3640 University Street Montreal QC H3 A 2B2 Canada
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University P.O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Tissue Regeneration University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University P.O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
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Ben Osman M, Krafft JM, Millot Y, Averseng F, Yoshioka T, Kubo J, Costentin G. Molecular Understanding of the Bulk Composition of Crystalline Nonstoichiometric Hydroxyapatites: Application to the Rationalization of Structure-Reactivity Relationships. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manel Ben Osman
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS UMR 7197 Laboratoire Réactivité de Surface 75005 Paris France
| | - Jean Marc Krafft
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS UMR 7197 Laboratoire Réactivité de Surface 75005 Paris France
| | - Yannick Millot
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS UMR 7197 Laboratoire Réactivité de Surface 75005 Paris France
| | - Frederic Averseng
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS UMR 7197 Laboratoire Réactivité de Surface 75005 Paris France
| | - Tetsuya Yoshioka
- Central Research Center CNRS Sangi Co., Ltd. Fudoinno 2745‐1 Kasukabe‐shi Saitama 344‐0001 Japan
| | - Jun Kubo
- Central Research Center CNRS Sangi Co., Ltd. Fudoinno 2745‐1 Kasukabe‐shi Saitama 344‐0001 Japan
| | - Guylène Costentin
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS UMR 7197 Laboratoire Réactivité de Surface 75005 Paris France
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114
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Paschalis EP, Gamsjaeger S, Fratzl-Zelman N, Roschger P, Masic A, Brozek W, Hassler N, Glorieux FH, Rauch F, Klaushofer K, Fratzl P. Evidence for a Role for Nanoporosity and Pyridinoline Content in Human Mild Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1050-9. [PMID: 26748579 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility that arises from decreased bone mass and abnormalities in bone material quality. OI type I represents the milder form of the disease and according to the original Sillence classification is characterized by minimal skeletal deformities and near-normal stature. Raman microspectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique that allows the determination of bone material properties in bone biopsy blocks with a spatial resolution of ∼1 µm, as a function of tissue age. In the present study, we used Raman microspectroscopy to evaluate bone material quality in transiliac bone biopsies from children with a mild form of OI, either attributable to collagen haploinsufficiency OI type I (OI-Quant; n = 11) or aberrant collagen structure (OI-Qual; n = 5), as a function of tissue age, and compared it against the previously published values established in a cohort of biopsies from healthy children (n = 54, ages 1 to 23 years). The results indicated significant differences in bone material compositional characteristics between OI-Quant patients and healthy controls, whereas fewer were evident in the OI-Qual patients. Differences in both subgroups of OI compared with healthy children were evident for nanoporosity, mineral maturity/crystallinity as determined by maxima of the v1 PO4 Raman band, and pyridinoline (albeit in different direction) content. These alterations in bone material compositional properties most likely contribute to the bone fragility characterizing this disease. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Admir Masic
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brozek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Hassler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francis H Glorieux
- Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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115
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Kerschnitzki M, Akiva A, Ben Shoham A, Asscher Y, Wagermaier W, Fratzl P, Addadi L, Weiner S. Bone mineralization pathways during the rapid growth of embryonic chicken long bones. J Struct Biol 2016; 195:82-92. [PMID: 27108185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The uptake and transport of ions from the environment to the site of bone formation is only partially understood and, for the most part, based on disparate observations in different animals. Here we study different aspects of the biomineralization pathways in one system, the rapidly forming long bones of the chicken embryo. We mainly used cryo-fixation and cryo-electron imaging to preserve the often unstable mineral phases in the tissues. We show the presence of surprisingly large amounts of mineral particles located inside membrane-delineated vesicles in the bone forming tissue between the blood vessels and the forming bone surface. Some of these particles are also located inside mitochondrial networks. The surfaces of the forming bones in the extracellular space contain abundant aggregates of amorphous calcium phosphate particles, but these are not enveloped by vesicle membranes. In the bone resorbing region, osteoclasts also contain many particles in both mitochondrial networks and within vesicles. Some of these particles are present also between cells. These observations, together with the previously reported observation that CaP mineral particles inside membranes are present in blood vessels, leads us to the conclusion that important components of the bone mineralization pathways in rapidly forming chicken bone are dense phase mineral particles bound within membranes. It remains to be determined whether these mineral particles are transported to the site of bone formation in the solid state, fluid state or dissolve and re-precipitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kerschnitzki
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Anat Akiva
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Ben Shoham
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yotam Asscher
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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116
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In vitro antibacterial and remineralizing effect of adhesive containing triazine and niobium pentoxide phosphate inverted glass. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:93-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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117
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Shi H, He F, Ye J. Synthesis and structure of iron- and strontium-substituted octacalcium phosphate: effects of ionic charge and radius. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1712-1719. [PMID: 32263022 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) has received intensive research focus as a main component of bone substitute materials due to its highly osteoconductive and biodegradable characteristics. In this work, OCP was synthesized using chemical precipitation methods. Biologically relevant iron ions (Fe3+) and strontium ions (Sr2+) which have different ionic charges and radii were successfully introduced into OCP crystal structure, and their effects on the formation, phase components and structure of OCPs were investigated. The incorporation of Fe3+ and Sr2+ led to lattice expansion of OCP. Both ionic substitutions had slight effects on the morphology and microstructure of typical plate-like OCP crystals. In particular, nanosized particles containing rich Fe were deposited on the surface of plate-like Fe3+-substituted OCP crystals, which confirmed the influence of iron substitution on the corresponding crystal surface nature. This work highlights the different replacements of complex Ca sites by Fe and Sr in the apatite layers and hydrated layers of OCP crystal structure, which gives more possible accounts for foreign trivalent and divalent cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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118
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Kerschnitzki M, Akiva A, Shoham AB, Koifman N, Shimoni E, Rechav K, Arraf AA, Schultheiss TM, Talmon Y, Zelzer E, Weiner S, Addadi L. Transport of membrane-bound mineral particles in blood vessels during chicken embryonic bone development. Bone 2016; 83:65-72. [PMID: 26481471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During bone formation in embryos, large amounts of calcium and phosphate are taken up and transported to the site where solid mineral is first deposited. The initial mineral forms in vesicles inside osteoblasts and is deposited as a highly disordered calcium phosphate phase. The mineral is then translocated to the extracellular space where it penetrates the collagen matrix and crystallizes. To date little is known about the transport mechanisms of calcium and phosphate in the vascular system, especially when high transport rates are needed and the concentrations of these ions in the blood serum may exceed the solubility product of the mineral phase. Here we used a rapidly growing biological model, the chick embryo, to study the bone mineralization pathway taking advantage of the fact that large amounts of bone mineral constituents are transported. Cryo scanning electron microscopy together with cryo energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and focused-ion beam imaging in the serial surface view mode surprisingly reveal the presence of abundant vesicles containing small mineral particles in the lumen of the blood vessels. Morphologically similar vesicles are also found in the cells associated with bone formation. This observation directly implicates the vascular system in solid mineral distribution, as opposed to the transport of ions in solution. Mineral particle transport inside vesicles implies that far larger amounts of the bone mineral constituents can be transported through the vasculature, without the danger of ectopic precipitation. This introduces a new stage into the bone mineral formation pathway, with the first mineral being formed far from the bone itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kerschnitzki
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Anat Akiva
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Ben Shoham
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Koifman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katya Rechav
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alaa A Arraf
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Thomas M Schultheiss
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stephen Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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119
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Henmi A, Okata H, Anada T, Yoshinari M, Mikami Y, Suzuki O, Sasano Y. Bone matrix calcification during embryonic and postembryonic rat calvarial development assessed by SEM-EDX spectroscopy, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:41-50. [PMID: 25773047 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral is constituted of biological hydroxyapatite crystals. In developing bone, the mineral crystal matures and the Ca/P ratio increases. However, how an increase in the Ca/P ratio is involved in maturation of the crystal is not known. The relationships among organic components and mineral changes are also unclear. The study was designed to investigate the process of calcification during rat calvarial bone development. Calcification was evaluated by analyzing the atomic distribution and concentration of Ca, P, and C with scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and changes in the crystal structure with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Histological analysis showed that rat calvarial bone formation started around embryonic day 16. The areas of Ca and P expanded, matching the region of the developing bone matrix, whereas the area of C became localized around bone. X-ray diffraction and FTIR analysis showed that the amorphous-like structure of the minerals at embryonic day 16 gradually transformed into poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite, whereas the proportion of mineral to protein increased until postnatal week 6. FTIR analysis also showed that crystallization of hydroxyapatite started around embryonic day 20, by which time SEM-EDX spectroscopy showed that the Ca/P ratio had increased and the C/Ca and C/P ratios had decreased significantly. The study suggests that the Ca/P molar ratio increases and the proportion of organic components such as proteins of the bone matrix decreases during the early stage of calcification, whereas crystal maturation continues throughout embryonic and postembryonic bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Henmi
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okata
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mariko Yoshinari
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuto Mikami
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasano
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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120
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Wang F, Okawa H, Kamano Y, Niibe K, Kayashima H, Osathanon T, Pavasant P, Saeki M, Yatani H, Egusa H. Controlled Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Tetracycline-Controlled Transcriptional Activation of Amelogenin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145677. [PMID: 26709694 PMCID: PMC4692545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative dental therapies for bone tissues rely on efficient targeting of endogenous and transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to guide bone formation. Amelogenin is the primary component of Emdogain, which is used to regenerate periodontal defects; however, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects on alveolar bone remain unclear. The tetracycline (Tet)-dependent transcriptional regulatory system is a good candidate to investigate distinct roles of genes of interest during stem cell differentiation. Here, we investigated amelogenin-dependent regulation of osteogenesis in MSCs by establishing a Tet-controlled transcriptional activation system. Clonal mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs were lentivirally transduced with the Tet repressor (TetR) expression vector followed by drug selection to obtain MSCs constitutively expressing TetR (MSCs-TetR). Expression vectors that contained the Tet operator and amelogenin-coding (Amelx) cDNA fragments were constructed using the Gateway system and lentivirally introduced into MSCs-TetR to generate a Tet regulation system in MSCs (MSCs-TetR/Amelx). MSCs-TetR/Amelx significantly overexpressed the Amelx gene and protein in the presence of the tetracycline derivative doxycycline. Concomitant expression of osterix, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin, and osteocalcin was modulated by addition or removal of doxycycline under osteogenic guidance. During osteogenic induction, MSCs-TetR/Amelx treated with doxycycline showed significantly increased gene expression of osterix, type I collagen, BSP, and osteocalcin in addition to increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation. Enhanced extracellular matrix calcification was observed when forced Amelx expression commenced at the early stage but not at the intermediate or late stages of osteogenesis. These results suggest that a Tet-controlled Amelx gene regulation system for mouse MSCs was successfully established, in which transcriptional activation of Amelx was associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation, especially in the early stage of biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuya Kamano
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kayashima
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Makio Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yatani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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121
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Nacre extract restores the mineralization capacity of subchondral osteoarthritis osteoblasts. J Struct Biol 2015; 192:500-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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122
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4): occurrence and properties. Prog Biomater 2015; 5:9-70. [PMID: 27471662 PMCID: PMC4943586 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-015-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers' attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4). This type of materials is of the special significance for the human beings because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with CaPO4, while dental caries and osteoporosis mean a partial decalcification of teeth and bones, respectively, that results in replacement of a less soluble and harder biological apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenorthophosphates. Therefore, the processes of both normal and pathological calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of CaPO4. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis might be considered as in vivo dissolution of CaPO4. In addition, natural CaPO4 are the major source of phosphorus, which is used to produce agricultural fertilizers, detergents and various phosphorus-containing chemicals. Thus, there is a great significance of CaPO4 for the humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
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123
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Querido W, Rossi AL, Farina M. The effects of strontium on bone mineral: A review on current knowledge and microanalytical approaches. Micron 2015; 80:122-34. [PMID: 26546967 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The interest in effects of strontium (Sr) on bone has greatly increased in the last decade due to the development of the promising drug strontium ranelate. This drug is used for treating osteoporosis, a major bone disease affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide, especially postmenopausal women. The novelty of strontium ranelate compared to other treatments for osteoporosis is its unique effect on bone: it simultaneously promotes bone formation by osteoblasts and inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts. Besides affecting bone cells, treatment with strontium ranelate also has a direct effect on the mineralized bone matrix. Due to the chemical similarities between Sr and Ca, a topic that has long been of particular interest is the incorporation of Sr into bones replacing Ca from the mineral phase, which is composed by carbonated hydroxyapatite nanocrystals. Several groups have analyzed the mineral produced during treatment; however, most analysis were done with relatively large samples containing numerous nanocrystals, resulting thus on data that represents an average of many crystalline domains. The nanoscale analysis of the bone apatite crystals containing Sr has only been described in a few studies. In this study, we review the current knowledge on the effects of Sr on bone mineral and discuss the methodological approaches that have been used in the field. In particular, we focus on the great potential that advanced microscopy and microanalytical techniques may have on the detailed analysis of the nanostructure and composition of bone apatite nanocrystals produced during treatment with strontium ranelate.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Querido
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andre L Rossi
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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124
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Tynyakov J, Bentov S, Abehsera S, Yehezkel G, Roth Z, Khalaila I, Weil S, Berman A, Plaschkes I, Tom M, Aflalo ED, Sagi A. A crayfish molar tooth protein with putative mineralized exoskeletal chitinous matrix properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:3487-98. [PMID: 26385331 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.123539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Some crustaceans possess exoskeletons that are reinforced with calcium carbonate. In the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, the molar tooth, which is part of the mandibular exoskeleton, contains an unusual crystalline enamel-like apatite layer. As this layer resembles vertebrate enamel in composition and function, it offers an interesting example of convergent evolution. Unlike other parts of the crayfish exoskeleton, which is periodically shed and regenerated during the molt cycle, molar mineral deposition takes place during the pre-molt stage. The molar mineral composition transforms continuously from fluorapatite through amorphous calcium phosphate to amorphous calcium carbonate and is mounted on chitin. The process of crayfish molar formation is entirely extracellular and presumably controlled by proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, low-molecular weight molecules and calcium salts. We have identified a novel molar protein termed Cq-M15 from C. quadricarinatus and cloned its transcript from the molar-forming epithelium. Its transcript and differential expression were confirmed by a next-generation sequencing library. The predicted acidic pI of Cq-M15 suggests its possible involvement in mineral arrangement. Cq-M15 is expressed in several exoskeletal tissues at pre-molt and its silencing is lethal. Like other arthropod cuticular proteins, Cq-M15 possesses a chitin-binding Rebers-Riddiford domain, with a recombinant version of the protein found to bind chitin. Cq-M15 was also found to interact with calcium ions in a concentration-dependent manner. This latter property might make Cq-M15 useful for bone and dental regenerative efforts. We suggest that, in the molar tooth, this protein might be involved in calcium phosphate and/or carbonate precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Tynyakov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Shmuel Bentov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Shai Abehsera
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Galit Yehezkel
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ziv Roth
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Isam Khalaila
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Simy Weil
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amir Berman
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Inbar Plaschkes
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Moshe Tom
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa 8511911, Israel
| | - Eliahu D Aflalo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amir Sagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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125
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Addadi L, Gal A, Faivre D, Scheffel A, Weiner S. Control of Biogenic Nanocrystal Formation in Biomineralization. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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126
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Hashimoto A, Yamaguchi Y, Chiu LD, Morimoto C, Fujita K, Takedachi M, Kawata S, Murakami S, Tamiya E. Time-lapse Raman imaging of osteoblast differentiation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12529. [PMID: 26211729 PMCID: PMC4515588 DOI: 10.1038/srep12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblastic mineralization occurs during the early stages of bone formation. During this mineralization, hydroxyapatite (HA), a major component of bone, is synthesized, generating hard tissue. Many of the mechanisms driving biomineralization remain unclear because the traditional biochemical assays used to investigate them are destructive techniques incompatible with viable cells. To determine the temporal changes in mineralization-related biomolecules at mineralization spots, we performed time-lapse Raman imaging of mouse osteoblasts at a subcellular resolution throughout the mineralization process. Raman imaging enabled us to analyze the dynamics of the related biomolecules at mineralization spots throughout the entire process of mineralization. Here, we stimulated KUSA-A1 cells to differentiate into osteoblasts and conducted time-lapse Raman imaging on them every 4 hours for 24 hours, beginning 5 days after the stimulation. The HA and cytochrome c Raman bands were used as markers for osteoblastic mineralization and apoptosis. From the Raman images successfully acquired throughout the mineralization process, we found that β-carotene acts as a biomarker that indicates the initiation of osteoblastic mineralization. A fluctuation of cytochrome c concentration, which indicates cell apoptosis, was also observed during mineralization. We expect time-lapse Raman imaging to help us to further elucidate osteoblastic mineralization mechanisms that have previously been unobservable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamaguchi
- Institute of Photonics and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liang-da Chiu
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chiaki Morimoto
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahide Takedachi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawata
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tamiya
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Pompe W, Worch H, Habraken WJEM, Simon P, Kniep R, Ehrlich H, Paufler P. Octacalcium phosphate - a metastable mineral phase controls the evolution of scaffold forming proteins. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5318-5329. [PMID: 32262608 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00673b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structure of collagen type 1 can be understood as the result of evolutionary selection in the process of formation of calcium phosphate based biocomposites acting as load bearing components in living organisms. The evolutionary selection fulfills the principle of 'survival of the fittest' in a particular biological environment. Disk-like post-nucleation complexes of Ca2(HPO4)3 2- organized in ribbon-like assemblies in the metastable octacalcium phosphate (OCP) phase, and Ca3 triangles in the stable HAP phase had formed the crystallographic motifs in this selection process. The rotational as well as the translational symmetry of the major tropocollagen (TC) helix agree nearly perfectly with the corresponding symmetries of the OCP structure. The sequence of (Gly-X-Y) motifs of the three α chains constituting the TC molecule enables an optimized structural fit for the nucleation of Ca3 triangles, the directed growth of nanostructured OCP, and the subsequent formation of hydroxyapatite (HAP) in collagen macrofibrils by a topotaxial transition. The known connection between genetic defects of collagen type 1 and Osteogenesis imperfecta should motivate the search for similar dependences of other bone diseases on a disturbed molecular structure of collagen on the genetic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Pompe
- Institute of Materials Science, Technical University Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
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128
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Akiva A, Malkinson G, Masic A, Kerschnitzki M, Bennet M, Fratzl P, Addadi L, Weiner S, Yaniv K. On the pathway of mineral deposition in larval zebrafish caudal fin bone. Bone 2015; 75:192-200. [PMID: 25725266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A poorly understood aspect of bone biomineralization concerns the mechanisms whereby ions are sequestered from the environment, concentrated, and deposited in the extracellular matrix. In this study, we follow mineral deposition in the caudal fin of the zebrafish larva in vivo. Using fluorescence and cryo-SEM-microscopy, in combination with Raman and XRF spectroscopy, we detect the presence of intracellular mineral particles located between bones, and in close association with blood vessels. Calcium-rich particles are also located away from the mineralized bone, and these are also in close association with blood vessels. These observations challenge the view that mineral formation is restricted to osteoblast cells juxtaposed to bone, or to the extracellular matrix. Our results, derived from observations performed in living animals, contribute a new perspective to the comprehensive mechanism of bone formation in vertebrates, from the blood to the bone. More broadly, these findings may shed light on bone mineralization processes in other vertebrates, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Akiva
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Malkinson
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Admir Masic
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Kerschnitzki
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mathieu Bennet
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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129
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Anisotropy in bone demineralization revealed by polarized far-IR spectroscopy. Molecules 2015; 20:5835-50. [PMID: 25849806 PMCID: PMC6272147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20045835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone material is composed of an organic matrix of collagen fibers and apatite nanoparticles. Previously, vibrational spectroscopy techniques such as infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy have proved to be particularly useful for characterizing the two constituent organic and inorganic phases of bone. In this work, we tested the potential use of high intensity synchrotron-based far-IR radiation (50–500 cm−1) to gain new insights into structure and chemical composition of bovine fibrolamellar bone. The results from our study can be summarized in the following four points: (I) compared to far-IR spectra obtained from synthetic hydroxyapatite powder, those from fibrolamellar bone showed similar peak positions, but very different peak widths; (II) during stepwise demineralization of the bone samples, there was no significant change neither to far-IR peak width nor position, demonstrating that mineral dissolution occurred in a uniform manner; (III) application of external loading on fully demineralized bone had no significant effect on the obtained spectra, while dehydration of samples resulted in clear differences. (IV) using linear dichroism, we showed that the anisotropic structure of fibrolamellar bone is also reflected in anisotropic far-IR absorbance properties of both the organic and inorganic phases. Far-IR spectroscopy thus provides a novel way to functionally characterize bone structure and chemistry, and with further technological improvements, has the potential to become a useful clinical diagnostic tool to better assess quality of collagen-based tissues.
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130
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Aruwajoye OO, Kim HKW, Aswath PB. Bone apatite composition of necrotic trabecular bone in the femoral head of immature piglets. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:324-34. [PMID: 25660159 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (IOFH) can lead to excessive resorption of the trabecular bone and collapse of the femoral head as a structure. A well-known mineral component to trabecular bone is hydroxyapatite, which can be present in many forms due to ionic substitution, thus altering chemical composition. Unfortunately, very little is known about the chemical changes to bone apatite following IOFH. We hypothesized that the apatite composition changes in necrotic bone possibly contribute to increased osteoclast resorption and structural collapse of the femoral head. The purpose of this study was to assess the macroscopic and local phosphate composition of actively resorbed necrotic trabecular bone to isolate differences between areas of increased osteoclast resorption and normal bone formation. A piglet model of IOFH was used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histology, X-ray absorbance near edge structure (XANES), and Raman spectroscopy were performed on femoral heads to characterize normal and necrotic trabecular bone. Backscattered SEM, micro-computed tomography and histology showed deformity and active resorption of necrotic bone compared to normal. XANES and Raman spectroscopy obtained from actively resorbed necrotic bone and normal bone showed increased carbonate-to-phosphate content in the necrotic bone. The changes in the apatite composition due to carbonate substitution may play a role in the increased resorption of necrotic bone due to its increase in solubility. Indeed, a better understanding of the apatite composition of necrotic bone could shed light on osteoclast activity and potentially improve therapeutic treatments that target excessive resorption of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide O Aruwajoye
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, 501 West First Street, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
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131
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Harris M, Cilwa K, Elster EA, Potter BK, Forsberg JA, Crane NJ. Pilot study for detection of early changes in tissue associated with heterotopic ossification: moving toward clinical use of Raman spectroscopy. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:144-52. [PMID: 25738521 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1013190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Over 60% of combat-wounded patients develop heterotopic ossification (HO). Nearly 33% of them require surgical excision for symptomatic lesions, a procedure that is both fraught with complications and can delay or regress functional rehabilitation. Relative medical contraindications limit widespread use of conventional means of primary prophylaxis, such as nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and radiotherapy. Better methods for risk stratification are needed to both mitigate the risk of current means of primary prophylaxis as well as to evaluate novel preventive strategies currently in development. We asked whether Raman spectral changes, measured ex vivo, could be associated with histologic evidence of the earliest signs of HO formation and substance P (SP) expression in tissue biopsies from the wounds of combat casualties. In this pilot study, we compared normal muscle tissue, injured muscle tissue, very early HO lesions (< 16 d post-injury), early HO lesions (> 16 d post-injury) and mature HO lesions. The Raman spectra of these tissues demonstrate clear differences in the Amide I and III spectral regions of HO lesions compared to normal tissue, denoted by changes in the Amide I band center (p < 0.01) and the 1340/1270 cm(-1) (p < 0.05) band area and band height ratios. SP expression in the HO lesions appears to peak between 16 and 30 d post-injury, as determined by SP immunohistochemistry of corresponding tissue sections, potentially indicating optimal timing for administration of therapeutics. Raman spectroscopy may therefore prove a useful, non-invasive and early diagnostic modality to detect HO formation before it becomes evident either clinically or radiographically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Harris
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Science , Bethesda, MD , USA
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132
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Atkins A, Reznikov N, Ofer L, Masic A, Weiner S, Shahar R. The three-dimensional structure of anosteocytic lamellated bone of fish. Acta Biomater 2015; 13:311-23. [PMID: 25449924 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fish represent the most diverse and numerous of the vertebrate clades. In contrast to the bones of all tetrapods and evolutionarily primitive fish, many of the evolutionarily more advanced fish have bones that do not contain osteocytes. Here we use a variety of imaging techniques to show that anosteocytic fish bone is composed of a sequence of planar layers containing mainly aligned collagen fibrils, in which the prevailing principal orientation progressively spirals. When the sequence of fibril orientations completes a rotation of around 180°, a thin layer of poorly oriented fibrils is present between it and the next layer. The thick layer of aligned fibrils and the thin layer of non-aligned fibrils constitute a lamella. Although both basic components of mammalian lamellar bone are found here as well, the arrangement is unique, and we therefore call this structure lamellated bone. We further show that the lamellae of anosteocytic fish bone contain an array of dense, small-diameter (1-4 μm) bundles of hypomineralized collagen fibrils that are oriented mostly orthogonal to the lamellar plane. Results of mechanical tests conducted on beams from anosteocytic fish bone and human cortical bone show that the fish bones are less stiff but much tougher than the human bones. We propose that the unique lamellar structure and the orthogonal hypomineralized collagen bundles are responsible for the unusual mechanical properties and mineral distribution in anosteocytic fish bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Atkins
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Natalie Reznikov
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lior Ofer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Admir Masic
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids & Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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133
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Mandair GS, Morris MD. Contributions of Raman spectroscopy to the understanding of bone strength. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:620. [PMID: 25628882 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is increasingly commonly used to understand how changes in bone composition and structure influence tissue-level bone mechanical properties. The spectroscopic technique provides information on bone mineral and matrix collagen components and on the effects of various matrix proteins on bone material properties as well. The Raman spectrum of bone not only contains information on bone mineral crystallinity that is related to bone hardness but also provides information on the orientation of mineral crystallites with respect to the collagen fibril axis. Indirect information on collagen cross-links is also available and will be discussed. After a short introduction to bone Raman spectroscopic parameters and collection methodologies, advances in in vivo Raman spectroscopic measurements for animal and human subject studies will be reviewed. A discussion on the effects of aging, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoporosis and therapeutic agents on bone composition and mechanical properties will be highlighted, including genetic mouse models in which structure-function and exercise effects are explored. Similarly, extracellular matrix proteins, proteases and transcriptional proteins implicated in the regulation of bone material properties will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit S Mandair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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134
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Gal A, Weiner S, Addadi L. A perspective on underlying crystal growth mechanisms in biomineralization: solution mediated growth versus nanosphere particle accretion. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce01474j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A working hypothesis for the understanding of amorphous-to-crystalline transformations in biogenic skeletal materials formed through transient amorphous precursor phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Gal
- Department of Structural Biology
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot, Israel 76100
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135
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Cosmidis J, Benzerara K, Nassif N, Tyliszczak T, Bourdelle F. Characterization of Ca-phosphate biological materials by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) at the Ca L2,3-, P L2,3- and C K-edges. Acta Biomater 2015; 12:260-269. [PMID: 25305511 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several naturally occurring biological materials, including bones and teeth, pathological calcifications, microbial mineral deposits formed in marine phosphogenesis areas, as well as bio-inspired cements used for bone and tooth repair are composed of Ca-phosphates. These materials are usually identified and characterized using bulk-scale analytical tools such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance. However, there is a need for imaging techniques that provide information on the spatial distribution and chemical composition of the Ca-phosphate phases at the micrometer- and nanometer scales. Such analyses provide insightful indications on how the materials may have formed, e.g. through transient precursor phases that eventually remain spatially separated from the mature phase. Here, we present scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) analyses of Ca-phosphate reference compounds, showing the feasibility of fingerprinting Ca-phosphate-based materials. We calibrate methods to determine important parameters of Ca-phosphate phases, such as their Ca/P ratio and carbonate content at the ∼25nm scale, using X-ray absorption near-edge spectra at the C K-, Ca L2,3- and P L2,3-edges. As an illustrative case study, we also perform STXM analyses on hydroxyapatite precipitates formed in a dense fibrillar collagen matrix. This study paves the way for future research on Ca-phosphate biomineralization processes down to the scale of a few tens of nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Cosmidis
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités, Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7590, MNHN, IRD UMR 206, F-75252 Paris 05, France
| | - Karim Benzerara
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités, Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7590, MNHN, IRD UMR 206, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
| | - Nadine Nassif
- Lab Chim Matière Condensée (LMCM), Univ Paris 06, Coll France, CNRS UMR 7574, F-75231 Paris 05, France
| | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Franck Bourdelle
- Lab Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), Univ Lille 1, SN5, 59655 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
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136
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Abstract
The remarkable properties of bone derive from a highly organized arrangement of coaligned nanometer-scale apatite platelets within a fibrillar collagen matrix. The origin of this arrangement is poorly understood and the crystal structures of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and the nonmineralized collagen fibrils alone do not provide an explanation. Moreover, little is known about collagen-apatite interaction energies, which should strongly influence both the molecular-scale organization and the resulting mechanical properties of the composite. We investigated collagen-mineral interactions by combining dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) measurements of binding energies with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of binding and atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations of collagen adsorption on single crystals of calcium phosphate for four mineral phases of potential importance in bone formation. In all cases, we observe a strong preferential orientation of collagen binding, but comparison between the observed orientations and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses of native tissues shows that only calcium-deficient apatite (CDAP) provides an interface with collagen that is consistent with both. MD simulations predict preferred collagen orientations that agree with observations, and results from both MD and DFS reveal large values for the binding energy due to multiple binding sites. These findings reconcile apparent contradictions inherent in a hydroxyapatite or carbonated apatite (CAP) model of bone mineral and provide an energetic rationale for the molecular-scale organization of bone.
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137
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Bennet M, Akiva A, Faivre D, Malkinson G, Yaniv K, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Fratzl P, Masic A. Simultaneous Raman microspectroscopy and fluorescence imaging of bone mineralization in living zebrafish larvae. Biophys J 2014; 106:L17-9. [PMID: 24560001 PMCID: PMC3944822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Confocal Raman microspectroscopy and fluorescence imaging are two well-established methods providing functional insight into the extracellular matrix and into living cells and tissues, respectively, down to single molecule detection. In living tissues, however, cells and extracellular matrix coexist and interact. To acquire information on this cell-matrix interaction, we developed a technique for colocalized, correlative multispectral tissue analysis by implementing high-sensitivity, wide-field fluorescence imaging on a confocal Raman microscope. As a proof of principle, we study early stages of bone formation in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae because the zebrafish has emerged as a model organism to study vertebrate development. The newly formed bones were stained using a calcium fluorescent marker and the maturation process was imaged and chemically characterized in vivo. Results obtained from early stages of mineral deposition in the zebrafish fin bone unequivocally show the presence of hydrogen phosphate containing mineral phases in addition to the carbonated apatite mineral. The approach developed here opens significant opportunities in molecular imaging of metabolic activities, intracellular sensing, and trafficking as well as in vivo exploration of cell-tissue interfaces under (patho-)physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bennet
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Akiva
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D Faivre
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - G Malkinson
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - K Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Masic
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
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138
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Tsetsekou A, Brasinika D, Vaou V, Chatzitheodoridis E. On the synthesis of tailored biomimetic hydroxyapatite nanoplates through a bioinspired approach in the presence of collagen or chitosan and l-arginine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:555-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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139
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Function-related adaptations of ultrastructure, mineral phase distribution and mechanical properties in the incisive cuticle of mandibles of Porcellio scaber Latreille, 1804. J Struct Biol 2014; 188:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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140
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Margolis HC, Kwak SY, Yamazaki H. Role of mineralization inhibitors in the regulation of hard tissue biomineralization: relevance to initial enamel formation and maturation. Front Physiol 2014; 5:339. [PMID: 25309443 PMCID: PMC4159985 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate mineralized tissues, i.e., enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone, have unique hierarchical structures and chemical compositions. Although these tissues are similarly comprised of a crystalline calcium apatite mineral phase and a protein component, they differ with respect to crystal size and shape, level and distribution of trace mineral ions, the nature of the proteins present, and their relative proportions of mineral and protein components. Despite apparent differences, mineralized tissues are similarly derived by highly concerted extracellular processes involving matrix proteins, proteases, and mineral ion fluxes that collectively regulate the nucleation, growth and organization of forming mineral crystals. Nature, however, provides multiple ways to control the onset, rate, location, and organization of mineral deposits in developing mineralized tissues. Although our knowledge is quite limited in some of these areas, recent evidence suggests that hard tissue formation is, in part, controlled through the regulation of specific molecules that inhibit the mineralization process. This paper addresses the role of mineralization inhibitors in the regulation of biological mineralization with emphasis on the relevance of current findings to the process of amelogenesis. Mineralization inhibitors can also serve to maintain driving forces for calcium phosphate precipitation and prevent unwanted mineralization. Recent evidence shows that native phosphorylated amelogenins have the capacity to prevent mineralization through the stabilization of an amorphous calcium phosphate precursor phase, as observed in vitro and in developing teeth. Based on present findings, the authors propose that the transformation of initially formed amorphous mineral deposits to enamel crystals is an active process associated with the enzymatic processing of amelogenins. Such processing may serve to control both initial enamel crystal formation and subsequent maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C. Margolis
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Biomineralization, The Forsyth InstituteCambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental MedicineBoston, MA, USA
| | - Seo-Young Kwak
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Biomineralization, The Forsyth InstituteCambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental MedicineBoston, MA, USA
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Biomineralization, The Forsyth InstituteCambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental MedicineBoston, MA, USA
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141
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Matsui A, Matsui K, Handa T, Tanuma Y, Miura KI, Kato Y, Kawai T, Suzuki O, Kamakura S, Echigo S. The Regenerated Bone Quality by Implantation of Octacalcium Phosphate Collagen Composites in a Canine Alveolar Cleft Model. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2014; 51:420-30. [DOI: 10.1597/12-096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Synthetic octacalcium phosphate and porcine atelocollagen composites significantly enhanced bone regeneration more than β-tricalcium phosphate collagen composite and hydroxyapatite collagen composite in a rat cranial defect model. However, the long-term stability and quality of octacalcium phosphate collagen (OCP/Col) composites–derived regenerated bone, when implanted in a canine alveolar cleft model, have yet to be elucidated. The present study investigated the longterm stability and quality of bone regenerated by OCP/Col. Design Disks of OCP/Col or collagen were implanted in a canine alveolar-cleft model (n = 6). Then, bone regeneration in the implanted areas was investigated macroscopically, radiographically, and histologically at 10 months after implantation. In addition, three-dimensional quantitative images of regenerated bone were analyzed by microcomputed tomography. Results Macroscopically, the OCP/Col treated alveolus was clearly augmented, and radio-opacity in the OCP/Col implanted area was comparable to that of the original alveolus bone. On histological analysis, the area was mostly filled with newly formed bone, and a few granules of implanted OCP/Col were enclosed in it. In the microcomputed tomography analysis, the regenerated bone volume in the OCP/Col group was larger than that in the collagen group. OCP/Col–derived bone consisted of outer cortical and inner cancellous structure with dense trabeculae and seemed like the original bone structure. Conclusions OCP/Co composites could be a useful bone regenerative material to substitute for autogenous bone because their implantation could elicit high bone regeneration and active structural reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritsune Matsui
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsui
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuto Handa
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanuma
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Miura
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuta Kato
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Seishi Echigo
- Division of Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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142
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Diallo-Garcia S, Ben Osman M, Krafft JM, Boujday S, Guylène C. Discrimination of infrared fingerprints of bulk and surface POH and OH of hydroxyapatites. Catal Today 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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143
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Zhang ZL, Chen XR, Bian S, Huang J, Zhang TL, Wang K. Identification of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate deposited during osteoblast mineralization in vitro. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 131:109-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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144
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Kawai T, Echigo S, Matsui K, Tanuma Y, Takahashi T, Suzuki O, Kamakura S. First clinical application of octacalcium phosphate collagen composite in human bone defect. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1336-41. [PMID: 24294829 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that octacalcium phosphate (OCP) collagen composite (OCP/collagen) promotes bone regeneration in a critical-sized bone defect of a rodent or canine model. This study was designed to investigate the bone regeneration of OCP/collagen in human bone defect as a first clinical trial. Two patients who had a radicular cyst or apical periodontitis consented to participate in our clinical study, and OCP/collagen was implanted into the defects after operation. Radiographic examination showed effective bone healing in each bone defect at 3 or 6 months. Likewise, computed tomography value significantly increased after implantation. Postoperative wound healing was uneventful, and neither infection nor allergic reaction against OCP/collagen was observed for the entire period. This study demonstrated that OCP/collagen would be safely used and enhanced bone regeneration in human bone defects. To reinforce the efficacy of OCP/collagen as a bone substitute material, it should be compared with other suitable comparators in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kawai
- 1 Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry , Sendai, Japan
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145
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Koburger S, Bannerman A, Grover LM, Müller FA, Bowen J, Paxton JZ. A novel method for monitoring mineralisation in hydrogels at the engineered hard–soft tissue interface. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:41-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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146
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Crane NJ, Polfer E, Elster EA, Potter BK, Forsberg JA. Raman spectroscopic analysis of combat-related heterotopic ossification development. Bone 2013; 57:335-42. [PMID: 24012700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over 60% of our severely combat-injured patient population develops radiographically apparent heterotopic ossification. Nearly a third of these require surgical excision of symptomatic lesions, a procedure that is fraught with complications, and delays or regresses functional rehabilitation in many cases. Unfortunately, for the combat injured, medical contraindications and logistical limitations limit widespread use of conventional means of primary prophylaxis. Better means of risk stratification are needed to both mitigate the risk of current means of primary prophylaxis as well as to evaluate novel preventive strategies currently in development. We asked whether Raman spectral changes, measured ex vivo, correlated with histologic evidence of the earliest signs of HO formation using tissue biopsies from the wounds of combat casualties. In doing so, we compared normal muscle tissue to injured muscle tissue, unmineralized HO tissue, and mineralized HO tissue. The Raman spectra of these tissues demonstrate clear differences in the amide I and amide III spectral regions of HO tissue compared to normal tissue, denoted by changes in the 1640/1445cm(-1)(p<0.01), and 1340/1270cm(-1) (p<0.01) band area ratios (BARs). Additionally, analysis of the bone mineral in HO by Raman spectroscopy appears capable of determining bone maturity by measuring both the 945/960cm(-1) and the 1070/1445cm(-1) BARs. Raman may therefore prove a useful, non-invasive, and early diagnostic modality to detect HO formation prior to it becoming evident clinically or radiographically. This technique could ostensibly be utilized as a non-invasive means to risk stratify individual wounds at a time thought to be amenable to various means of primary prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Crane
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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147
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Eap S, Ferrand A, Schiavi J, Keller L, Kokten T, Fioretti F, Mainard D, Ladam G, Benkirane-Jessel N. Collagen implants equipped with 'fish scale'-like nanoreservoirs of growth factors for bone regeneration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 9:1253-61. [PMID: 24279458 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Implants triggering rapid, robust and durable tissue regeneration are needed to shorten recovery times and decrease risks of postoperative complications for patients. Here, we describe active living collagen implants with highly promising bone regenerative properties. Bioactivity of the implants is obtained through the protective and stabilizing layer-by-layer immobilization of a protein growth factor in association with a polysaccharide (chitosan), within the form of nanocontainers decorating the collagen nanofibers. All components of the implants are US FDA approved. From both in vitro and in vivo evaluations, the sophisticated strategy described here should enhance, at a reduced cost, the safety and efficacy of the therapeutic implants in terms of large bone defects repair compared with current simplistic approaches based on the soaking of the implants with protein growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Eap
- INSERM, French National Institute of Health & Medical Research, Osteoarticular & Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine team, UMR1109, Faculté de Médecine, F-67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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148
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McElderry JDP, Zhu P, Mroue KH, Xu J, Pavan B, Fang M, Zhao G, McNerny E, Kohn DH, Franceschi RT, Holl MMB, Tecklenburg MM, Ramamoorthy A, Morris MD. Crystallinity and compositional changes in carbonated apatites: Evidence from 31P solid-state NMR, Raman, and AFM analysis. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2013; 206:10.1016/j.jssc.2013.08.011. [PMID: 24273344 PMCID: PMC3835554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state (magic-angle spinning) NMR spectroscopy is a useful tool for obtaining structural information on bone organic and mineral components and synthetic model minerals at the atomic-level. Raman and 31P NMR spectral parameters were investigated in a series of synthetic B-type carbonated apatites (CAps). Inverse 31P NMR linewidth and inverse Raman PO43- ν1 bandwidth were both correlated with powder XRD c-axis crystallinity over the 0.3-10.3 wt% CO32- range investigated. Comparison with bone powder crystallinities showed agreement with values predicted by NMR and Raman calibration curves. Carbonate content was divided into two domains by the 31P NMR chemical shift frequency and the Raman phosphate ν1 band position. These parameters remain stable except for an abrupt transition at 6.5 wt% carbonate, a composition which corresponds to an average of one carbonate per unit cell. This near-binary distribution of spectroscopic properties was also found in AFM-measured particle sizes and Ca/P molar ratios by elemental analysis. We propose that this transition differentiates between two charge-balancing ion-loss mechanisms as measured by Ca/P ratios. These results define a criterion for spectroscopic characterization of B-type carbonate substitution in apatitic minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peizhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Kamal H. Mroue
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Chemistry and Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Guisheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Erin McNerny
- Department of Chemistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - David H. Kohn
- Department of Chemistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- Department of Chemistry School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | | | - Mary M.J. Tecklenburg
- Department of Chemistry and Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Michael D. Morris
- Department of Chemistry and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
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149
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Cantaert B, Beniash E, Meldrum FC. Nanoscale confinement controls the crystallization of calcium phosphate: relevance to bone formation. Chemistry 2013; 19:14918-24. [PMID: 24115275 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A key feature of biomineralization processes is that they take place within confined volumes, in which the local environment can have significant effects on mineral formation. Herein, we investigate the influence of confinement on the formation mechanism and structure of calcium phosphate (CaP). This is of particular relevance to the formation of dentine and bone, structures of which are based on highly mineralized collagen fibrils. CaP was precipitated within 25-300 nm diameter, cylindrical pores of track etched and anodised alumina membranes under physiological conditions, in which this system enables systematic study of the effects of the pore size in the absence of a structural match between the matrix and the growing crystals. Our results show that the main products were polycrystalline hydroxapatite (HAP) rods, together with some single crystal octacalcium phosphate (OCP) rods. Notably, we demonstrate that these were generated though an intermediate amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) phase, and that ACP is significantly stabilised in confinement. This effect may have significance to the mineralization of bone, which can occur through a transient ACP phase. We also show that orientation of the HAP comparable, or even superior to that seen in bone can be achieved through confinement effects alone. Although this simple experimental system cannot be considered, a direct mimic of the in vivo formation of ultrathin HAP platelets within collagen fibrils, our results show that the effects of physical confinement should not be neglected when considering the mechanisms of formation of structures, such as bones and teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Cantaert
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT (UK), Fax: (+44) 113-343-6565
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150
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Ferrand A, Eap S, Richert L, Lemoine S, Kalaskar D, Demoustier-Champagne S, Atmani H, Mély Y, Fioretti F, Schlatter G, Kuhn L, Ladam G, Benkirane-Jessel N. Osteogenetic properties of electrospun nanofibrous PCL scaffolds equipped with chitosan-based nanoreservoirs of growth factors. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:45-55. [PMID: 23956214 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive implants intended for rapid, robust, and durable bone tissue regeneration are presented. The implants are based on nanofibrous 3D-scaffolds of bioresorbable poly-ϵ-caprolactone mimicking the fibrillar architecture of bone matrix. Layer-by-layer nanoimmobilization of the growth factor BMP-2 in association with chitosan (CHI) or poly-L-lysine over the nanofibers is described. The osteogenetic potential of the scaffolds coated with layers of CHI and BMP-2 is demonstrated in vitro, and in vivo in mouse calvaria, through enhanced osteopontin gene expression and calcium phosphate biomineralization. The therapeutic strategy described here contributes to the field of regenerative medicine, as it proposes a route toward efficient repair of bone defects at reduced risk and cost level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ferrand
- INSERM UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé, ICPEES-UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Carnot MICA, École Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, cedex 2, France
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