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Robinson JL, McEnery MA, Pearce H, Whitely ME, Munoz-Pinto DJ, Hahn MS, Li H, Sears NA, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. Osteoinductive PolyHIPE Foams as Injectable Bone Grafts. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:403-14. [PMID: 26739120 PMCID: PMC4800270 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently fabricated biodegradable polyHIPEs as injectable bone grafts and characterized the mechanical properties, pore architecture, and cure rates. In this study, calcium phosphate nanoparticles and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) particles were incorporated into injectable polyHIPE foams to promote osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Upon incorporation of each type of particle, stable monoliths were formed with compressive properties comparable to control polyHIPEs. Pore size quantification indicated a negligible effect of all particles on emulsion stability and resulting pore architecture. Alizarin red calcium staining illustrated the incorporation of calcium phosphate particles at the pore surface, while picrosirius red collagen staining illustrated collagen-rich DBM particles within the monoliths. Osteoinductive particles had a negligible effect on the compressive modulus (∼30 MPa), which remained comparable to human cancellous bone values. All polyHIPE compositions promoted human MSC viability (∼90%) through 2 weeks. Furthermore, gene expression analysis indicated the ability of all polyHIPE compositions to promote osteogenic differentiation through the upregulation of bone-specific markers compared to a time zero control. These findings illustrate the potential for these osteoinductive polyHIPEs to promote osteogenesis and validate future in vivo evaluation. Overall, this work demonstrates the ability to incorporate a range of bioactive components into propylene fumarate dimethacrylate-based injectable polyHIPEs to increase cellular interactions and direct specific behavior without compromising scaffold architecture and resulting properties for various tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Madison A.P. McEnery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Hannah Pearce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Michael E. Whitely
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Dany J. Munoz-Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Mariah S. Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Huinan Li
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Nicholas A. Sears
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Wu Y, He G, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li M, Wang X, Li N, Li K, Zheng G, Zheng Y, Yin Q. Unique antitumor property of the Mg-Ca-Sr alloys with addition of Zn. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21736. [PMID: 26907515 PMCID: PMC4764862 DOI: 10.1038/srep21736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, tumor recurrence and metastasis after orthopedic prosthesis implantation is an intensely troublesome matter. Therefore, to develop implant materials with antitumor property is extremely necessary and meaningful. Magnesium (Mg) alloys possess superb biocompatibility, mechanical property and biodegradability in orthopedic applications. However, whether they possess antitumor property had seldom been reported. In recent years, it showed that zinc (Zn) not only promote the osteogenic activity but also exhibit good antitumor property. In our present study, Zn was selected as an alloying element for the Mg-1Ca-0.5Sr alloy to develop a multifunctional material with antitumor property. We investigated the influence of the Mg-1Ca-0.5Sr-xZn (x = 0, 2, 4, 6 wt%) alloys extracts on the proliferation rate, cell apoptosis, migration and invasion of the U2OS cell line. Our results show that Zn containing Mg alloys extracts inhibit the cell proliferation by alteration the cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis via the activation of the mitochondria pathway. The cell migration and invasion property were also suppressed by the activation of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway. Our work suggests that the Mg-1Ca-0.5Sr-6Zn alloy is expected to be a promising orthopedic implant in osteosarcoma limb-salvage surgery for avoiding tumor recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Wu
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guanping He
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kang Li
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Guan Zheng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qingshui Yin
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
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Al-Dujaili SA, Koh AJ, Dang M, Mi X, Chang W, Ma PX, McCauley LK. Calcium Sensing Receptor Function Supports Osteoblast Survival and Acts as a Co-Factor in PTH Anabolic Actions in Bone. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1556-67. [PMID: 26579618 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic actions of PTH in bone involve increased deposition of mineralizing matrix. Regulatory feedback of the process may be important to maintain calcium homeostasis and, in turn, calcium may inform the process. This investigation clarified the role of calcium availability and the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in the anabolic actions of PTH. CaSR function promoted osteoblastic cell numbers, with lower cell numbers in post-confluent cultures of primary calvarial cells from Col1-CaSR knock-out (KO) mice, and for calvarial cells from wild-type (WT) mice treated with a calcilytic. Increased apoptosis of calvarial cells with calcilytic treatment suggested CaSR is critical for protection against stage-dependent cell death. Whole and cortical, but not trabecular, bone parameters were significantly lower in Col1-CaSR KO mice versus WT littermates. Intact Col1-CaSR KO mice had lower serum P1NP levels relative to WT. PTH treatment displayed anabolic actions in WT and, to a lesser degree, KO mice, and rescued the lower P1NP levels in KO mice. Furthermore, PTH effects on whole tibiae were inhibited by osteoblast-specific CaSR ablation. Vertebral body implants (vossicles) from untreated Col1-CaSR KO and WT mice had similar bone volumes after 4 weeks of implantation in athymic mice. These findings suggest that trabecular bone formation can occur independently of the CaSR, and that the CaSR plays a collaborative role in the PTH anabolic effects on bone. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1556-1567, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saja A Al-Dujaili
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amy J Koh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ming Dang
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xue Mi
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter X Ma
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Cosman F, Gilchrist N, McClung M, Foldes J, de Villiers T, Santora A, Leung A, Samanta S, Heyden N, McGinnis JP, Rosenberg E, Denker AE. A phase 2 study of MK-5442, a calcium-sensing receptor antagonist, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis after long-term use of oral bisphosphonates. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:377-86. [PMID: 26556736 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In women with osteoporosis treated with alendronate for >12 months and oral bisphosphonates for >3 of the last 4 years, switching to MK-5442, a calcium receptor antagonist, stimulated endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and increased bone turnover marker levels, but produced a decline in bone mineral density (BMD) at all sites. INTRODUCTION This study assessed the effects of switching from long-term oral bisphosphonate therapy to the calcium-sensing receptor antagonist MK-5442 on BMD and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. METHODS This randomized, active and placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study enrolled 526 postmenopausal women, who had taken alendronate (ALN) for ≥12 months preceding the trial and any oral bisphosphonate for ≥3 of the preceding 4 years and had spine or hip BMD T-scores ≤-2.5 or ≤-1.5 with ≥1 prior fragility fracture. Women were randomized to continue ALN 70 mg weekly or switch to MK-5442 (5, 7.5, 10, or 15 mg daily) or placebo. RESULTS Switching from ALN to MK-5442 produced a dose-dependent parathyroid hormone (PTH) pulse of threefold to sixfold above baseline at 1 h, with PTH levels that remained twofold to threefold above baseline at 4 h and returned to baseline by 24 h. Switching to MK-5442 or placebo increased BTM levels compared to baseline within 3 months and MK-5442 10 mg increased BTM levels compared to placebo by 6 months. With all MK-5442 doses and placebo, spine and hip BMD declined from baseline, and at 12 months, BMD levels were below those who continued ALN (all groups P < 0.05 vs ALN). There was also a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of hypercalcemia with MK-5442. CONCLUSION Switching from ALN to MK-5442 resulted in a pulsatile increase in PTH and increases in BTMs, but a decline in BMD compared with continued ALN. MK-5442 is not a viable option for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cosman
- Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - N Gilchrist
- CGM Research Trust, The Princess Margaret Hospital Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M McClung
- Oregon Osteoporosis Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J Foldes
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - T de Villiers
- Mediclinic Panorama, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health, Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - A Santora
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - A Leung
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - S Samanta
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - N Heyden
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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Santa Maria C, Cheng Z, Li A, Wang J, Shoback D, Tu CL, Chang W. Interplay between CaSR and PTH1R signaling in skeletal development and osteoanabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 49:11-23. [PMID: 26688334 PMCID: PMC4761456 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) controls the pace of pre- and post-natal growth plate development by activating the PTH1R in chondrocytes, while PTH maintains mineral and skeletal homeostasis by modulating calciotropic activities in kidneys, gut, and bone. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of family C, G protein-coupled receptor, which regulates mineral and skeletal homeostasis by controlling PTH secretion in parathyroid glands and Ca(2+) excretion in kidneys. Recent studies showed the expression of CaSR in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts and confirmed its non-redundant roles in modulating the recruitment, proliferation, survival, and differentiation of the cells. This review emphasizes the actions of CaSR and PTH1R signaling responses in cartilage and bone and discusses how these two signaling cascades interact to control growth plate development and maintain skeletal metabolism in physiological and pathological conditions. Lastly, novel therapeutic regimens that exploit interrelationship between the CaSR and PTH1R are proposed to produce more robust osteoanabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Santa Maria
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alfred Li
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiali Wang
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Shoback
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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106
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Lin K, Wang X, Zhang N, Shen Y. Strontium (Sr) strengthens the silicon (Si) upon osteoblast proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic factor expression. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3632-3638. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00735j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sr strengthens the Si upon osteoblast proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic factor expression via Si and Sr released from Si/Sr co-substituted hydroxyapatite bioceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Lin
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- Shanghai 200072
- China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Yuhui Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics & Traumatology
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
- China
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107
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Zheng K, Taccardi N, Beltrán AM, Sui B, Zhou T, Marthala VRR, Hartmann M, Boccaccini AR. Timing of calcium nitrate addition affects morphology, dispersity and composition of bioactive glass nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05548f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGN) are promising materials for a number of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Institute of Biomaterials
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Erlangen–Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Nicola Taccardi
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering
- University of Erlangen–Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Ana Maria Beltrán
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla)
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Baiyan Sui
- Shanghai Biomaterials Research & Testing Center
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- School of Medicine
| | - Tian Zhou
- Shanghai Biomaterials Research & Testing Center
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiaotong University
- School of Medicine
| | - V. R. Reddy Marthala
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center
- University of Erlangen–Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center
- University of Erlangen–Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Aldo. R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Erlangen–Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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108
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Lao J, Dieudonné X, Fayon F, Montouillout V, Jallot E. Bioactive glass–gelatin hybrids: building scaffolds with enhanced calcium incorporation and controlled porosity for bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2486-2497. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02345a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to their active promotion of bone formation, bioactive glasses (BG) offer unique properties for bone regeneration, but their brittleness prevents them from being used in a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lao
- Clermont Université
- Université Blaise Pascal
- CNRS/IN2P3
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Xavier Dieudonné
- Clermont Université
- Université Blaise Pascal
- CNRS/IN2P3
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Franck Fayon
- CNRS
- CEMHTI UPR3079
- Université d’Orléans
- Orléans
- France
| | | | - Edouard Jallot
- Clermont Université
- Université Blaise Pascal
- CNRS/IN2P3
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire
- F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand
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109
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Hench LL, Jones JR. Bioactive Glasses: Frontiers and Challenges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:194. [PMID: 26649290 PMCID: PMC4663244 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive glasses were discovered in 1969 and provided for the first time an alternative to nearly inert implant materials. Bioglass formed a rapid, strong, and stable bond with host tissues. This article examines the frontiers of research crossed to achieve clinical use of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics. In the 1980s, it was discovered that bioactive glasses could be used in particulate form to stimulate osteogenesis, which thereby led to the concept of regeneration of tissues. Later, it was discovered that the dissolution ions from the glasses behaved like growth factors, providing signals to the cells. This article summarizes the frontiers of knowledge crossed during four eras of development of bioactive glasses that have led from concept of bioactivity to widespread clinical and commercial use, with emphasis on the first composition, 45S5 Bioglass(®). The four eras are (a) discovery, (b) clinical application, (c) tissue regeneration, and (d) innovation. Questions still to be answered for the fourth era are included to stimulate innovation in the field and exploration of new frontiers that can be the basis for a general theory of bioactive stimulation of regeneration of tissues and application to numerous clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry L. Hench
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Julian R. Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Pipino C, Di Tomo P, Mandatori D, Cianci E, Lanuti P, Cutrona MB, Penolazzi L, Pierdomenico L, Lambertini E, Antonucci I, Sirolli V, Bonomini M, Romano M, Piva R, Marchisio M, Pandolfi A. Calcium sensing receptor activation by calcimimetic R-568 in human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells: correlation with osteogenic differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 23:2959-71. [PMID: 25036254 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (hAFMSCs) are promising for therapeutic applications in bone damage. Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), a G protein-coupled receptor, plays a physiological role in the regulation of bone metabolism. Thus, the bone CaSR could be targeted by calcimimetic agonists, which may be potentially helpful in treating bone diseases. The aim of our study was to characterize CaSR expression in hAFMSCs and to assess the activity of calcimimetic R-568 during in vitro osteogenesis. Using western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, we consistently observed constitutive CaSR in osteo-differentiating hAFMSCs. Notably, both R-568 and calcium significantly enhanced hAFMSC osteogenic differentiation after exposure to osteogenic medium. To provide further evidence of the involvement of CaSR in osteogenesis, we correlated its expression with that of established osteogenic markers, that is, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteopontin (OPN), and novel, not yet completely defined regulators of osteogenesis. Among these are β-catenin and Slug, which are mediators of Wnt signaling, and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), which plays a critical role in calcium/calcineurin signaling. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CaSR is expressed in hAFMSCs, positively correlates with osteogenic markers, and is activated by R-568. Notably, downregulation of CaSR by RNA interference supports the conclusion that CaSR activation plays a central role in hAFMSC osteogenesis. Thus, this study provides significant information on the mechanisms of hAFMSC osteogenesis, which could provide additional molecular basis for the use of calcimimetics in bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Pipino
- 1 Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy
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Samira J, Saoudi M, Abdelmajid K, Hassane O, Treq R, Hafed E, Abdelfatteh E, Hassib K. Accelerated bone ingrowth by local delivery of Zinc from bioactive glass: oxidative stress status, mechanical property, and microarchitectural characterization in an ovariectomized rat model. Libyan J Med 2015; 10:28572. [PMID: 26486308 PMCID: PMC4612471 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v10.28572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic bone graft substitutes such as bioactive glass (BG) material are developed in order to achieve successful bone regeneration. Zn plays an important role in the proper bone growth, development, and maintenance of healthy bones. AIMS This study aims to evaluate in vivo the performance therapy of zinc-doped bioactive glass (BG-Zn) and its applications in biomedicine. METHODS Female Wistar rats were ovariectomized. BG and BG-Zn were implanted in the femoral condyles of Wistar rats and compared to that of control group. Grafted bone tissues were carefully removed to evaluate the oxidative stress status, histomorphometric profile, mechanical property, and mineral bone distribution by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. RESULTS A significant decrease of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was observed after BG-Zn implantation. Superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities significantly increased in ovariectomized group implanted with Zinc-doped bioactive glass (OVX-BG-Zn) as compared to ovariectomized group implanted with bioactive glass (OVX-BG). An improved mechanical property was noticed in contact of OVX-BG-Zn (39±6 HV) when compared with that of OVX-BG group (26±9 HV). After 90 days of implantation, the histomorphometric analysis showed that trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular number (Tb.N) were significantly increased with 28 and 24%, respectively, in treated rats of OVX-BG-Zn group as compared to those of OVX-BG groups. Trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and trabecular bone pattern factor (TBPf) were significantly decreased in OVX-BG-Zn group with 29.5 and 54% when compared with those of OVX-BG rat groups. On the other hand, a rise in Ca and P ion concentrations in the implanted microenvironment was shown and lead to the formation/deposition of Ca-P phases. The ratio of pyridinoline [Pyr] to dihydroxylysinonorleucine [DHLNL] cross-links was normalized to the control level. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that BG-Zn might have promising potential applications for osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jbahi Samira
- Campus de Beaulieu, UMR CNRS 6226, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia;
| | - Monji Saoudi
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kabir Abdelmajid
- Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Oudadesse Hassane
- Campus de Beaulieu, UMR CNRS 6226, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Rebai Treq
- Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Efeki Hafed
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Keskes Hassib
- Histology, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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In vitro study of improved wound-healing effect of bioactive borate-based glass nano-/micro-fibers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 55:105-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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113
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Lopez TCC, Diniz IMA, Ferreira LS, Marchi J, Borges R, de Cara SPHM, D'Almeida‐Couto R, Marques MM. Bioactive glass plus laser phototherapy as promise candidates for dentine hypersensitivity treatment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:107-116. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leila Soares Ferreira
- Restorative Dentistry Department, School of DentistryUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana Marchi
- Federal University of ABC, Human and Natural Sciences Center Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Roger Borges
- Federal University of ABC, Human and Natural Sciences Center Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Roberta D'Almeida‐Couto
- Restorative Dentistry Department, School of DentistryUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
- Restorative Dentistry Department, School of DentistryFederal University of ParáBelém Pará Brazil
| | - Márcia Martins Marques
- Restorative Dentistry Department, School of DentistryUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
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Cattalini JP, Hoppe A, Pishbin F, Roether J, Boccaccini AR, Lucangioli S, Mouriño V. Novel nanocomposite biomaterials with controlled copper/calcium release capability for bone tissue engineering multifunctional scaffolds. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:0509. [PMID: 26269233 PMCID: PMC4614462 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to develop novel composite biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE) made of bioactive glass nanoparticles (Nbg) and alginate cross-linked with Cu(2+) or Ca(2+) (AlgNbgCu, AlgNbgCa, respectively). Two-dimensional scaffolds were prepared and the nanocomposite biomaterials were characterized in terms of morphology, mechanical strength, bioactivity, biodegradability, swelling capacity, release profile of the cross-linking cations and angiogenic properties. It was found that both Cu(2+) and Ca(2+) are released in a controlled and sustained manner with no burst release observed. Finally, in vitro results indicated that the bioactive ions released from both nanocomposite biomaterials were able to stimulate the differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells towards the osteogenic lineage. In addition, the typical endothelial cell property of forming tubes in Matrigel was observed for human umbilical vein endothelial cells when in contact with the novel biomaterials, particularly AlgNbgCu, which indicates their angiogenic properties. Hence, novel nanocomposite biomaterials made of Nbg and alginate cross-linked with Cu(2+) or Ca(2+) were developed with potential applications for preparation of multifunctional scaffolds for BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Cattalini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, 956 Junín 6th floor, PC1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Hoppe
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - F Pishbin
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - J Roether
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - A R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - S Lucangioli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, 956 Junín 6th floor, PC1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Mouriño
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, 956 Junín 6th floor, PC1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jones JR. Reprint of: Review of bioactive glass: From Hench to hybrids. Acta Biomater 2015; 23 Suppl:S53-82. [PMID: 26235346 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses are reported to be able to stimulate more bone regeneration than other bioactive ceramics but they lag behind other bioactive ceramics in terms of commercial success. Bioactive glass has not yet reached its potential but research activity is growing. This paper reviews the current state of the art, starting with current products and moving onto recent developments. Larry Hench's 45S5 Bioglass® was the first artificial material that was found to form a chemical bond with bone, launching the field of bioactive ceramics. In vivo studies have shown that bioactive glasses bond with bone more rapidly than other bioceramics, and in vitro studies indicate that their osteogenic properties are due to their dissolution products stimulating osteoprogenitor cells at the genetic level. However, calcium phosphates such as tricalcium phosphate and synthetic hydroxyapatite are more widely used in the clinic. Some of the reasons are commercial, but others are due to the scientific limitations of the original Bioglass 45S5. An example is that it is difficult to produce porous bioactive glass templates (scaffolds) for bone regeneration from Bioglass 45S5 because it crystallizes during sintering. Recently, this has been overcome by understanding how the glass composition can be tailored to prevent crystallization. The sintering problems can also be avoided by synthesizing sol-gel glass, where the silica network is assembled at room temperature. Process developments in foaming, solid freeform fabrication and nanofibre spinning have now allowed the production of porous bioactive glass scaffolds from both melt- and sol-gel-derived glasses. An ideal scaffold for bone regeneration would share load with bone. Bioceramics cannot do this when the bone defect is subjected to cyclic loads, as they are brittle. To overcome this, bioactive glass polymer hybrids are being synthesized that have the potential to be tough, with congruent degradation of the bioactive inorganic and the polymer components. Key to this is creating nanoscale interpenetrating networks, the organic and inorganic components of which have covalent coupling between them, which involves careful control of the chemistry of the sol-gel process. Bioactive nanoparticles can also now be synthesized and their fate tracked as they are internalized in cells. This paper reviews the main developments in the field of bioactive glass and its variants, covering the importance of control of hierarchical structure, synthesis, processing and cellular response in the quest for new regenerative synthetic bone grafts. The paper takes the reader from Hench's Bioglass 45S5 to new hybrid materials that have tailorable mechanical properties and degradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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116
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Cianferotti L, Gomes AR, Fabbri S, Tanini A, Brandi ML. The calcium-sensing receptor in bone metabolism: from bench to bedside and back. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2055-71. [PMID: 26100412 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a key player in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis, can influence bone modeling and remodeling by directly acting on bone cells, as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro evidence. The modulation of CaSR signaling can play a role in bone anabolism. INTRODUCTION The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a key player in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis through the regulation of PTH secretion and calcium homeostasis, thus indirectly influencing bone metabolism. In addition to this role, in vitro and in vivo evidence points to direct effects of CaSR in bone modeling and remodeling. In addition, the activation of the CaSR is one of the anabolic mechanisms implicated in the action of strontium ranelate, to reduce fracture risk. METHODS This review is based upon the acquisition of data from a PubMed enquiry using the terms "calcium sensing receptor," "CaSR" AND "bone remodeling," "bone modeling," "bone turnover," "osteoblast," "osteoclast," "osteocyte," "chondrocyte," "bone marrow," "calcilytics," "calcimimetics," "strontium," "osteoporosis," "skeletal homeostasis," and "bone metabolism." RESULTS A fully functional CaSR is expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, so that these cells are able to sense changes in the extracellular calcium and as a result modulate their behavior. CaSR agonists (calcimimetics) or antagonists (calcilytics) have the potential to indirectly influence skeletal homeostasis through the modulation of PTH secretion by the parathyroid glands. The bone anabolic effect of strontium ranelate, a divalent cation used as a treatment for postmenopausal and male osteoporosis, might be explained, at least in part, by the activation of CaSR in bone cells. CONCLUSIONS Calcium released in the bone microenvironment during remodeling is a major factor in regulating bone cells. Osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are influenced by local extracellular calcium concentration. Thus, the calcium-sensing properties of skeletal cells can be exploited in order to modulate bone turnover and can explain the bone anabolic effects of agents developed and employed to revert osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cianferotti
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Comesaña R, Lusquiños F, Del Val J, Quintero F, Riveiro A, Boutinguiza M, Jones JR, Hill RG, Pou J. Toward smart implant synthesis: bonding bioceramics of different resorbability to match bone growth rates. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10677. [PMID: 26032983 PMCID: PMC4451530 DOI: 10.1038/srep10677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial reconstructive surgery requires a bioactive bone implant capable to provide a gradual resorbability and to adjust to the kinetics of new bone formation during healing. Biomaterials made of calcium phosphate or bioactive glasses are currently available, mainly as bone defect fillers, but it is still required a versatile processing technique to fabricate composition-gradient bioceramics for application as controlled resorption implants. Here it is reported the application of rapid prototyping based on laser cladding to produce three-dimensional bioceramic implants comprising of a calcium phosphate inner core, with moderate in vitro degradation at physiological pH, surrounded by a bioactive glass outer layer of higher degradability. Each component of the implant is validated in terms of chemical and physical properties, and absence of toxicity. Pre-osteoblastic cell adhesion and proliferation assays reveal the adherence and growth of new bone cells on the material. This technique affords implants with gradual-resorbability for restoration of low-load-bearing bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Comesaña
- Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fernando Lusquiños
- Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Val
- Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Félix Quintero
- Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Antonio Riveiro
- Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mohamed Boutinguiza
- Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Hill
- Unit of Dental and Physical Sciences, Barts and the London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Pou
- Applied Physics Dpt., University of Vigo, E.I.I., Lagoas-Marcosende E-36310, Vigo, Spain
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Pipino C, Pandolfi A. Osteogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their bone regeneration potential. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:681-690. [PMID: 26029340 PMCID: PMC4444609 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i4.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In orthopedics, tissue engineering approach using stem cells is a valid line of treatment for patients with bone defects. In this context, mesenchymal stromal cells of various origins have been extensively studied and continue to be a matter of debate. Although mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow are already clinically applied, recent evidence suggests that one may use mesenchymal stromal cells from extra-embryonic tissues, such as amniotic fluid, as an innovative and advantageous resource for bone regeneration. The use of cells from amniotic fluid does not raise ethical problems and provides a sufficient number of cells without invasive procedures. Furthermore, they do not develop into teratomas when transplanted, a consequence observed with pluripotent stem cells. In addition, their multipotent differentiation ability, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory properties make them ideal candidates for bone regenerative medicine. We here present an overview of the features of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their potential in the osteogenic differentiation process. We have examined the papers actually available on this regard, with particular interest in the strategies applied to improve in vitro osteogenesis. Importantly, a detailed understanding of the behavior of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their osteogenic ability is desirable considering a feasible application in bone regenerative medicine.
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119
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Anitua E, Piñas L, Murias A, Prado R, Tejero R. Effects of calcium ions on titanium surfaces for bone regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 130:173-81. [PMID: 25886795 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry and topography of implant surfaces are of paramount importance for the successful tissue integration of load-bearing dental and orthopedic implants. Here we evaluate in vitro and in vivo titanium implant surfaces modified with calcium ions (Ca(2+) surfaces). Calcium ions produce a durable chemical and nano-topographical modification of the titanium oxide interface. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry examination of the outermost surface composition, shows that calcium ions in Ca(2+) surfaces effectively prevent adventitious hydrocarbon passivation of the oxide layer. In aqueous solutions Ca(2+) surfaces release within the first minute, 2/3 of the total measured Ca(2+), the rest is released over the following 85 days. Additionally, Ca(2+) surfaces significantly increase human fetal osteoblasts-like cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, as measured by the autocrine synthesis of osteopontin. Relevant for clinical application, after 12 weeks of healing in sheep tibia, microcomputer tomography and histomorphometric analysis show that Ca(2+) surfaces develop significantly more bone contacts and higher bone density in the 1mm region around the implant. Consequently, titanium implants modified with calcium ions represent a valuable tool to improve endosseous integration in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- Private Practice in Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation, C/ José María Cagigal, 19, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biotechnology Institute BTI ImasD, C/ Jacinto Quincoces, 39, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Piñas
- Private Practice in Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation, C/ José María Cagigal, 19, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alia Murias
- Private Practice in Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation, C/ José María Cagigal, 19, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Roberto Prado
- Biotechnology Institute BTI ImasD, C/ Jacinto Quincoces, 39, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ricardo Tejero
- Biotechnology Institute BTI ImasD, C/ Leonardo da Vinci, 14B, 01510 Miñano, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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Abstract
This review assesses (1) the potential role of calcium supplements in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, and (2) the safety of calcium supplements with respect to cardiovascular health as well. With regard to (1), a total calcium intake of < 800 mg/day is associated with increased loss of bone mineral density in peri- and postmenopausal women with an increase in fracture risk. Hereby, the effect of calcium supplements on fracture prevention is dependent primary on baseline calcium intake. The strongest protective effect has been reported in individuals with a calcium intake < 700 mg/day and in high-risk groups. A calcium intake of about 1000-1200 mg/day seems to be sufficient for general fracture prevention. With regard to (2), an analysis of the data based on the Hill criteria does not demonstrate convincing evidence that calcium supplements increase cardiovascular risk. In the long term, total calcium intake of 2500 mg/day (from food and supplements) continues to be classified as safe. This value should not be exceeded for an extended period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ströhle
- a Nutrition Physiology and Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover , Hannover , Germany
| | - P Hadji
- b * Department of Osteooncology , Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Krankenhaus Nordwest , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - A Hahn
- a Nutrition Physiology and Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover , Hannover , Germany
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Cook AE, Mistry SN, Gregory KJ, Furness SGB, Sexton PM, Scammells PJ, Conigrave AD, Christopoulos A, Leach K. Biased allosteric modulation at the CaS receptor engendered by structurally diverse calcimimetics. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:185-200. [PMID: 25220431 PMCID: PMC4280977 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Clinical use of cinacalcet in hyperparathyroidism is complicated by its tendency to induce hypocalcaemia, arising partly from activation of calcium-sensing receptors (CaS receptors) in the thyroid and stimulation of calcitonin release. CaS receptor allosteric modulators that selectively bias signalling towards pathways that mediate desired effects [e.g. parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression] rather than those mediating undesirable effects (e.g. elevated serum calcitonin), may offer better therapies. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We characterized the ligand-biased profile of novel calcimimetics in HEK293 cells stably expressing human CaS receptors, by monitoring intracellular calcium (Ca(2+) i ) mobilization, inositol phosphate (IP)1 accumulation, ERK1/2 phosphorylation (pERK1/2) and receptor expression. KEY RESULTS Phenylalkylamine calcimimetics were biased towards allosteric modulation of Ca(2+) i mobilization and IP1 accumulation. S,R-calcimimetic B was biased only towards IP1 accumulation. R,R-calcimimetic B and AC-265347 were biased towards IP1 accumulation and pERK1/2. Nor-calcimimetic B was unbiased. In contrast to phenylalkylamines and calcimimetic B analogues, AC-265347 did not promote trafficking of a loss-of-expression, naturally occurring, CaS receptor mutation (G(670) E). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The ability of R,R-calcimimetic B and AC-265347 to bias signalling towards pERK1/2 and IP1 accumulation may explain their suppression of PTH levels in vivo at concentrations that have no effect on serum calcitonin levels. The demonstration that AC-265347 promotes CaS receptor receptor signalling, but not trafficking reveals a novel profile of ligand-biased modulation at CaS receptors The identification of allosteric modulators that bias CaS receptor signalling towards distinct intracellular pathways provides an opportunity to develop desirable biased signalling profiles in vivo for mediating selective physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Cook
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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Schumacher M, Gelinsky M. Strontium modified calcium phosphate cements – approaches towards targeted stimulation of bone turnover. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4626-4640. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00654f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Strontium modified calcium phosphate cements can target local bone turnover by stimulating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation (1) as well as bone mineralisation (2), reducing osteoclastogenesis (3) and resorption activity, increase osteoclast apoptosis (4) and affect osteoblast/osteoclast paracrine signalling (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schumacher
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Dresden
- Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Dresden
- Germany
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Bagchi A, Meka SRK, Rao BN, Chatterjee K. Perovskite ceramic nanoparticles in polymer composites for augmenting bone tissue regeneration. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:485101. [PMID: 25379989 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/48/485101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of nanoparticles as fillers in polymer matrices to develop biomaterials which mimic the mechanical, chemical and electrical properties of bone tissue for orthopaedic applications. The objective of this study was to prepare poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) nanocomposites incorporating three different perovskite ceramic nanoparticles, namely, calcium titanate (CT), strontium titanate (ST) and barium titanate (BT). The tensile strength and modulus of the composites increased with the addition of nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that dispersion of the nanoparticles scaled with the density of the ceramics, which in turn played an important role in determining the enhancement in mechanical properties of the composite. Dielectric spectroscopy revealed improved permittivity and reduced losses in the composites when compared to neat PCL. Nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated via electrospinning. Induction coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy indicated the release of small quantities of Ca(+2), Sr(+2), Ba(+2) ions from the scaffolds. Piezo-force microscopy revealed that BT nanoparticles imparted piezoelectric properties to the scaffolds. In vitro studies revealed that all composites support osteoblast proliferation. Expression of osteogenic genes was enhanced on the nanocomposites in the following order: PCL/CT > PCL/ST > PCL/BT > PCL. This study demonstrates that the use of perovskite nanoparticles could be a promising technique to engineer better polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Bagchi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 India
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Halse J, Greenspan S, Cosman F, Ellis G, Santora A, Leung A, Heyden N, Samanta S, Doleckyj S, Rosenberg E, Denker AE. A phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of the calcium-sensing receptor antagonist MK-5442 in the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2207-15. [PMID: 25166719 PMCID: PMC5393499 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT MK-5442 is an orally bioavailable calcium-sensing receptor antagonist that is hypothesized to stimulate bone formation by stimulating endogenous secretion of a pulse of PTH. Earlier clinical and preclinical studies demonstrated increased bone mineral density (BMD) after treatment. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify a dose of MK-5442 that produces osteoanabolic effects without excessive hypercalcemia. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial of private or institutional practice. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION In total, 383 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were administered daily oral MK-5442 (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, or 15 mg) or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum PTH and calcium, bone turnover markers, areal BMD, and safety were evaluated. RESULTS A dose-dependent transient increase in PTH occurred after an MK-5442 dose and lasted more than 3.5 hours. Compared with placebo, significant increases in bone formation markers (serum procollagen 1 N-terminal peptide and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) were observed by 6 months, whereas bone resorption markers (serum C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen, urine N-telopeptides of type 1 collagen) initially decreased but were also significantly increased by 6 months. Despite the biochemical marker changes suggestive of an anabolic response, there were no statistically significant differences between any dose of MK-5442 and placebo in percent change from baseline at month 6 in any of the BMD endpoints. The frequency of hypercalcemia (trough serum calcium ≥ 10.8 mg/dL) was greater with higher MK-5442 doses. CONCLUSION In postmenopausal women with low bone mass, treatment with MK-5442 resulted in transient pulses of PTH. Bone formation markers increased quickly and bone resorption markers decreased temporarily, suggestive of an anabolic window. However, there were no increases in BMD versus placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Halse
- Osteoporoseklinikken (J.H.), 0176 Oslo, Norway; Osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment Center (S.G.), Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Clinical Research Center (F.C.), Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027; Helderberg (G.E.), Clinical Trials Centre, South Africa 7129; and Merck & Co Inc (A.S., A.L., N.H., S.S., S.D., E.R., A.E.D.), Whitehouse Station, New Jersey 08889
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Eller-Vainicher C, Battista C, Guarnieri V, Muscarella S, Palmieri S, Salcuni AS, Guglielmi G, Corbetta S, Minisola S, Spada A, Hendy GN, Cole DEC, Chiodini I, Scillitani A. Factors associated with vertebral fracture risk in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:399-406. [PMID: 24966175 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine factors, in addition to bone mineral density (BMD), such as the common calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene polymorphisms, associated with vertebral fracture (VFx) risk in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 266 Caucasian PHPT seen as outpatients. Serum calcium (sCa) phosphate metabolism parameters were measured. BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (expressed as Z-score) at lumbar spine (Z-LS) and femoral neck, morphometric VFx by radiograph, and CASR A986S/R990G genotypes by PCR amplification and genomic DNA sequencing. RESULTS Fractured patients (n=100, 37.6%) had lower sCa (10.8±0.7 mg/dl) and Z-LS BMD (-1.0±1.44), higher age (61±10 years), and prevalence (51%) of ≥1 S alleles of the CASR A986S single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; AS/SS), than those not fractured (n=166, 11.2±1.0 mg/dl, -0.57±0.97, 58±13 years, and 38% AS/SS, respectively, P<0.05 for all comparisons). Logistic regression, with VFx as dependent variable, showed independent risks associated with increased age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, P=0.006), decreased sCa (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.28-2.7, P=0.001), and Z-LS BMD (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.12-1.7, P=0.002) and presence of AS/SS (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9, P=0.05). The presence of two out of three factors (age ≥58 years, sCa <10.8 and Z-LS BMD≤-1.0, and AS/SS genotype) gave an overall OR of 4.2 (95% CI 2.25-7.85, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In PHPT, VFx is associated positively with age, negatively with sCa and spinal BMD, and presence of at least one copy of the CASR A986S SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Eller-Vainicher
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia Battista
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vito Guarnieri
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvana Muscarella
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaUnit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Serena Palmieri
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio Stefano Salcuni
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Corbetta
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Spada
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey N Hendy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E C Cole
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alfredo Scillitani
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseasesFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Padiglione Granelli, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Fatebenefratelli and Oftalmico' Hospital, Milan, ItalyUnit of Radiology'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, ItalyUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines'Sapienza' Rome University, Rome, ItalyDepartments of MedicinePhysiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyMedicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ren N, Li J, Qiu J, Sang Y, Jiang H, Boughton RI, Huang L, Huang W, Liu H. Nanostructured titanate with different metal ions on the surface of metallic titanium: a facile approach for regulation of rBMSCs fate on titanium implants. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:3169-3180. [PMID: 24706634 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) is widely used for load-bearing bio-implants, however, it is bio-inert and exhibits poor osteo-inductive properties. Calcium and magnesium ions are considered to be involved in bone metabolism and play a physiological role in the angiogenesis, growth, and mineralization of bone tissue. In this study, a facile synthesis approach to the in situ construction of a nanostructure enriched with Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) on the surface of titanium foil is proposed by inserting Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) into the interlayers of sodium titanate nanostructures through an ion-substitution process. The characteriz 0.67, and 0.73 nm ation results validate that cations can be inserted into the interlayer regions of the layered nanostructure without any obvious change of morphology. The cation content is positively correlated to the concentration of the solutions employed. The biological assessments indicate that the type and the amount of cations in the titanate nanostructure can alter the bioactivity of titanium implants. Compared with a Na(+) filled titanate nanostructure, the incorporation of divalent ions (Mg(2+) , Ca(2+) ) can effectively enhance protein adsorption, and thus also enhance the adhesion and differentiation ability of rat bone-marrow stem cells (rBMSCs). The Mg(2+) /Ca(2+) -titanate nanostructure is a promising implantable material that will be widely applicable in artificial bones, joints, and dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China; Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio- Electronics & Information, Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P.R. China
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Jakobsen NFB, Rolighed L, Moser E, Nissen PH, Mosekilde L, Rejnmark L. Increased trabecular volumetric bone mass density in Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH) type 1: a cross-sectional study. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 95:141-52. [PMID: 24894639 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcaemia (FHH) Type 1 is caused by an inactivating mutation in the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene resulting in elevated plasma calcium levels. We investigated whether FHH is associated with change in bone density and structure. We compared 50 FHH patients with age- and gender-matched population-based controls (mean age 56 years, 69 % females). We assessed areal BMD (aBMD) by DXA-scans and total, cortical, and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) as well as bone geometry by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and High-Resolution peripheral-QCT (HR-pQCT). Compared with controls, FHH females had a higher total and trabecular hip vBMD and a lower cortical vBMD and hip bone volume. Areal BMD and HRpQCT indices did not differ except an increased trabecular thickness and an increased vBMD at the transition zone between cancellous and cortical bone in of the tibia in FHH. Finite element analyses showed no differences in bone strength. Multiple regression analyses revealed correlations between vBMD and P-Ca(2+) levels but not with P-PTH. Overall, bone health does not seem to be impaired in patients with FHH. In FHH females, bone volume is decreased, with a lower trabecular volume but a higher vBMD, whereas cortical vBMD is decreased in the hip. This may be due to either an impaired endosteal resorption or corticalization of trabecular bone. The smaller total bone volume suggests an impaired periosteal accrual, but bone strength is not impaired. The findings of more pronounced changes in females may suggest an interaction between sex hormones and the activity of the CaSR on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Frederik Breum Jakobsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Moorthi A, Parihar PR, Saravanan S, Vairamani M, Selvamurugan N. Effects of silica and calcium levels in nanobioglass ceramic particles on osteoblast proliferation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:458-64. [PMID: 25175236 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
At nanoscale, bioglass ceramic (nBGC) particles containing calcium oxide (lime), silica and phosphorus pentoxide promote osteoblast proliferation. However, the role of varied amounts of calcium and silica present in nBGC particles on osteoblast proliferation is not yet completely known. Hence, the current work was aimed at synthesizing two different nBGC particles with varied amounts of calcium oxide and silica, nBGC-1: SiO2:CaO:P2O5; mol%~70:25:5 and nBGC-2: SiO2:CaO:P2O5; mol%~64:31:5, and investigating their role on osteoblast proliferation. The synthesized nBGC particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. They exhibited their size at nanoscale and were non-toxic to human osteoblastic cells (MG-63). The nBGC-2 particles were found to have more effect on stimulation of osteoblast proliferation and promoted entering of more cells into G2/M cell cycle phase compared to nBGC-1 particles. There was a differential expression of cyclin proteins in MG-63 cells by nBGC-1 and nBGC-2 treatments, and the expression of cyclin B1 and E proteins was found to be more by nBGC-2 treatment. Thus, these results provide us a new insight in understanding the design of various nBGC particles by altering their ionic constituents with desirable biological properties thereby supporting bone augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moorthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P R Parihar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Vairamani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Dieudonné X, Montouillout V, Jallot É, Fayon F, Lao J. Bioactive glass hybrids: a simple route towards the gelatin–SiO2–CaO system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8701-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49113g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Anitua E, Prado R, Orive G, Tejero R. Effects of calcium-modified titanium implant surfaces on platelet activation, clot formation, and osseointegration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:969-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- Private Practice in Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation in Vitoria; Spain
- Biotechnology Institute (BTI); Vitoria Spain
| | | | - Gorka Orive
- Biotechnology Institute (BTI); Vitoria Spain
| | - Ricardo Tejero
- Biotechnology Institute (BTI); Vitoria Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU); Leioa Spain
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Niu LN, Jiao K, Wang TD, Zhang W, Camilleri J, Bergeron BE, Feng HL, Mao J, Chen JH, Pashley DH, Tay FR. A review of the bioactivity of hydraulic calcium silicate cements. J Dent 2014; 42:517-33. [PMID: 24440449 PMCID: PMC3995854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In tissue regeneration research, the term "bioactivity" was initially used to describe the resistance to removal of a biomaterial from host tissues after intraosseous implantation. Hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSCs) are putatively accepted as bioactive materials, as exemplified by the increasing number of publications reporting that these cements produce an apatite-rich surface layer after they contact simulated body fluids. METHODS In this review, the same definitions employed for establishing in vitro and in vivo bioactivity in glass-ceramics, and the proposed mechanisms involved in these phenomena are used as blueprints for investigating whether HCSCs are bioactive. RESULTS The literature abounds with evidence that HCSCs exhibit in vitro bioactivity; however, there is a general lack of stringent methodologies for characterizing the calcium phosphate phases precipitated on HCSCs. Although in vivo bioactivity has been demonstrated for some HCSCs, a fibrous connective tissue layer is frequently identified along the bone-cement interface that is reminiscent of the responses observed in bioinert materials, without accompanying clarifications to account for such observations. CONCLUSIONS As bone-bonding is not predictably achieved, there is insufficient scientific evidence to substantiate that HCSCs are indeed bioactive. Objective appraisal criteria should be developed for more accurately defining the bioactivity profiles of HCSCs designed for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Niu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-da Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Josette Camilleri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Brian E Bergeron
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hai-Lan Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - David H Pashley
- College of Graduate Studies, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; College of Graduate Studies, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Glenske K, Wagner AS, Hanke T, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Heinemann S, Heinemann C, Kruppke B, Arnhold S, Moritz A, Schwab EH, Worch H, Wenisch S. Bioactivity of xerogels as modulators of osteoclastogenesis mediated by connexin 43. Biomaterials 2014; 35:1487-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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133
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Cheng N, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Shi B. The osteogenic potential of mesoporous bioglasses/silk and non-mesoporous bioglasses/silk scaffolds in ovariectomized rats: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81014. [PMID: 24265840 PMCID: PMC3827187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk-based scaffolds have been introduced to bone tissue regeneration for years, however, their local therapeutic efficency in bone metabolic disease condition has been seldom reported. According to our previous report, mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG)/silk scaffolds exhibits superior in vitro bioactivity and in vivo osteogenic properties compared to non-mesoporous bioactive glass (BG)/silk scaffolds, but no information could be found about their efficiency in osteoporotic (OVX) environment. This study investigated a biomaterial-based approach for improving MSCs behavior in vitro, and accelerating OVX defect healing by using 3D BG/silk and MBG/silk scaffolds, and pure silk scaffolds as control. The results of SEM, CCK-8 assay and quantitative ALP activity showed that MBG/silk scaffolds can improve attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of both O-MSCs and sham control. In vivo therapeutic efficiency was evaluated by μCT analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, safranin O staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, indicating accelerated bone formation with compatible scaffold degradation and reduced osteoclastic response of defect healing in OVX rats after 2 and 4 weeks treatment, with a rank order of MBG/silk > BG/silk > silk group. Immunohistochemical markers of COL I, OPN, BSP and OCN also revealed that MBG/silk scaffolds can better induce accelerated collagen and non-collagen matrix production. The findings of this study suggest that MBG/silk scaffolds provide a better environment for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation, and act as potential substitute for treating local osteoporotic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China.
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China.
| | - Bin Shi
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China.
- * E-mail:
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134
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Stepan JJ. Strontium ranelate: in search for the mechanism of action. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:606-12. [PMID: 23925392 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Strontium ranelate is a medicine with evidenced effects on the risk of fractures. The heterogeneity of strontium distribution in bone, quality of bone mineral crystals in young bone packets on bone surfaces formed during strontium ranelate administration, and activation of the calcium sensing receptor may, at least partially, explain the beneficial effects of SrR on reducing the risk of fractures. In this review, the concept of the dual action of strontium ranelate is also discussed. However, sufficient evidence for the bone anabolic effect of SrR does not exist in humans. The knowledge of the mechanism of action of SrR is important not only for the explanation of the effects of SrR upon the skeleton, but also for the safety of treatment for other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Stepan
- Institute of Rheumatology, and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Slupi 4, 128 50, Prague 2, Czech Republic,
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135
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Di Tomo P, Pipino C, Lanuti P, Morabito C, Pierdomenico L, Sirolli V, Bonomini M, Miscia S, Mariggiò MA, Marchisio M, Barboni B, Pandolfi A. Calcium sensing receptor expression in ovine amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells and the potential role of R-568 during osteogenic differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73816. [PMID: 24040082 PMCID: PMC3767786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells have been identified as a promising source for cell therapy applications in bone traumatic and degenerative damage. Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR), a G protein-coupled receptor able to bind calcium ions, plays a physiological role in regulating bone metabolism. It is expressed in different kinds of cells, as well as in some stem cells. The bone CaSR could potentially be targeted by allosteric modulators, in particular by agonists such as calcimimetic R-568, which may potentially be helpful for the treatment of bone disease. The aim of our study was first to investigate the presence of CaSR in ovine Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cells (oAFMSCs) and then the potential role of calcimimetics in in vitro osteogenesis. oAFMSCs were isolated, characterized and analyzed to examine the possible presence of CaSR by western blotting and flow cytometry analysis. Once we had demonstrated CaSR expression, we worked out that 1 µM R-568 was the optimal and effective concentration by cell viability test (MTT), cell number, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) assays. Interestingly, we observed that basal diffuse CaSR expression in oAFMSCs increased at the membrane when cells were treated with R-568 (1 µM), potentially resulting in activation of the receptor. This was associated with significantly increased cell mineralization (ALP and ARS staining) and augmented intracellular calcium and Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) levels, thus demonstrating a potential role for calcimimetics during osteogenic differentiation. Calhex-231, a CaSR allosteric inhibitor, totally reversed R-568 induced mineralization. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that CaSR is expressed in oAFMSCs and that calcimimetic R-568, possibly through CaSR activation, can significantly improve the osteogenic process. Hence, our study may provide useful information on the mechanisms regulating osteogenesis in oAFMSCs, perhaps prompting the use of calcimimetics in bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Di Tomo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Morabito
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sirolli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Miscia
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “University G. d’Annunzio” Foundation Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group Chieti, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
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136
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Mamillapalli R, VanHouten J, Dann P, Bikle D, Chang W, Brown E, Wysolmerski J. Mammary-specific ablation of the calcium-sensing receptor during lactation alters maternal calcium metabolism, milk calcium transport, and neonatal calcium accrual. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3031-42. [PMID: 23782944 PMCID: PMC3749485 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To meet the demands for milk calcium, the lactating mother adjusts systemic calcium and bone metabolism by increasing dietary calcium intake, increasing bone resorption, and reducing renal calcium excretion. As part of this adaptation, the lactating mammary gland secretes PTHrP into the maternal circulation to increase bone turnover and mobilize skeletal calcium stores. Previous data have suggested that, during lactation, the breast relies on the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) to coordinate PTHrP secretion and milk calcium transport with calcium availability. To test this idea genetically, we bred BLG-Cre mice with CaSR-floxed mice to ablate the CaSR specifically from mammary epithelial cells only at the onset of lactation (CaSR-cKO mice). Loss of the CaSR in the lactating mammary gland did not disrupt alveolar differentiation or milk production. However, it did increase the secretion of PTHrP into milk and decreased the transport of calcium from the circulation into milk. CaSR-cKO mice did not show accelerated bone resorption, but they did have a decrease in bone formation. Loss of the mammary gland CaSR resulted in hypercalcemia, decreased PTH secretion, and increased renal calcium excretion in lactating mothers. Finally, loss of the mammary gland CaSR resulted in decreased calcium accrual by suckling neonates, likely due to the combination of increased milk PTHrP and decreased milk calcium. These results demonstrate that the mammary gland CaSR coordinates maternal bone and calcium metabolism, calcium transport into milk, and neonatal calcium accrual during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanaiah Mamillapalli
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, TAC S131, Box 208020, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8020, USA
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137
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Riccardi D, Brennan SC, Chang W. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, CaSR, in fetal development. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 27:443-53. [PMID: 23856271 PMCID: PMC4462341 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In fetal mammals, serum levels of both total and ionized calcium significantly exceed those in the adult. This relative fetal hypercalcemia is crucial for skeletal development and is maintained irrespectively of maternal serum calcium levels. Elegant studies by Kovacs and Kronenberg have previously addressed the role of the CaSR in creating and maintaining this relative fetal hypercalcemia, through the regulation of parathyroid hormone-related peptide secretion. More recently we have shown that the CaSR is widely distributed throughout the developing fetus, where the receptor plays major, unexpected roles in ensuring growth and maturation of several organs. In this article, we present evidence for a role of the CaSR in the control of skeletal development, and how fetal hypercalcemia, acting through the CaSR, regulates lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Riccardi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C Brennan
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Wenhan Chang
- University of California San Francisco, California, USA
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138
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Abstract
Maintaining a constant level of blood Ca(2+) is essential because of calcium's myriad intracellular and extracellular roles. The CaSR plays key roles in maintaining [Formula: see text] homeostasis by detecting small changes in blood Ca(2+) and modulating the production/secretion of the Ca(2+)-regulating hormones, PTH, CT, FGF23 and 1,25(OH)2D3, so as to appropriately regulate Ca(2+) transport into or out of blood via kidney, intestine, and/or bone. When Ca(2+) is high, the CaSR suppresses PTH synthesis and secretion, promotes its degradation, and inhibits parathyroid cellular proliferation. It has just the opposite effects on the C-cell, stimulating CT when [Formula: see text] is high. In bone, Ca(2+), acting via the CaSR, stimulates recruitment and proliferation of preosteoblasts, their differentiation to mature osteoblasts, and synthesis and mineralization of bone proteins. Conversely, [Formula: see text] inhibits the formation and activity and promotes apoptosis of osteoclasts, likely via the CaSR. These actions tend to mobilize skeletal Ca(2+) during [Formula: see text] deficiency and retain it when Ca(2+) is plentiful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, EBRC 223A, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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139
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Kaur G, Pandey O, Singh K, Homa D, Scott B, Pickrell G. A review of bioactive glasses: Their structure, properties, fabrication and apatite formation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:254-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurbinder Kaur
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg-24060 Virginia USA
| | - O.P. Pandey
- School of Physics and Materials Science; Thapar University; Patiala-147004, Punjab India
| | - K. Singh
- School of Physics and Materials Science; Thapar University; Patiala-147004, Punjab India
| | - Dan Homa
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg-24060 Virginia USA
| | - Brian Scott
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg-24060 Virginia USA
| | - Gary Pickrell
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg-24060 Virginia USA
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140
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Holzapfel BM, Reichert JC, Schantz JT, Gbureck U, Rackwitz L, Nöth U, Jakob F, Rudert M, Groll J, Hutmacher DW. How smart do biomaterials need to be? A translational science and clinical point of view. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:581-603. [PMID: 22820527 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 4 decades innovations in biomaterials and medical technology have had a sustainable impact on the development of biopolymers, titanium/stainless steel and ceramics utilized in medical devices and implants. This progress was primarily driven by issues of biocompatibility and demands for enhanced mechanical performance of permanent and non-permanent implants as well as medical devices and artificial organs. In the 21st century, the biomaterials community aims to develop advanced medical devices and implants, to establish techniques to meet these requirements, and to facilitate the treatment of older as well as younger patient cohorts. The major advances in the last 10 years from a cellular and molecular knowledge point of view provided the scientific foundation for the development of third-generation biomaterials. With the introduction of new concepts in molecular biology in the 2000s and specifically advances in genomics and proteomics, a differentiated understanding of biocompatibility slowly evolved. These cell biological discoveries significantly affected the way of biomaterials design and use. At the same time both clinical demands and patient expectations continued to grow. Therefore, the development of cutting-edge treatment strategies that alleviate or at least delay the need of implants could open up new vistas. This represents the main challenge for the biomaterials community in the 21st century. As a result, the present decade has seen the emergence of the fourth generation of biomaterials, the so-called smart or biomimetic materials. A key challenge in designing smart biomaterials is to capture the degree of complexity needed to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural tissue. We are still a long way from recreating the molecular architecture of the ECM one to one and the dynamic mechanisms by which information is revealed in the ECM proteins in response to challenges within the host environment. This special issue on smart biomaterials lists a large number of excellent review articles which core is to present and discuss the basic sciences on the topic of smart biomaterials. On the other hand, the purpose of our review is to assess state of the art and future perspectives of the so called "smart biomaterials" from a translational science and specifically clinical point of view. Our aim is to filter out and discuss which biomedical advances and innovations help us to achieve the objective to translate smart biomaterials from bench to bedside. The authors predict that analyzing the field of smart biomaterials from a clinical point of view, looking back 50 years from now, it will show that this is our heritage in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Michael Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland, University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
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141
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Manassero M, Viateau V, Deschepper M, Oudina K, Logeart-Avramoglou D, Petite H, Bensidhoum M. Bone regeneration in sheep using acropora coral, a natural resorbable scaffold, and autologous mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1554-63. [PMID: 23427828 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue constructs containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are an appealing strategy for repairing massive segmental bone defects. However, their therapeutic effectiveness does not match that of autologous bone grafts; among the complicating reasons, the scaffold resorbability has been identified as a critical feature for achieving bone regeneration. In the present study, the osteogenic potential of constructs obtained by expanding autologous MSC onto granules of Acropora coral, a natural fully-resorbable scaffold, was investigated. MSC adhered and proliferated well in vitro after 1 week. When implanted in vivo into long-bone, critical-size defects in sheep (n=5), these constructs exhibited a two-fold increase in bone formation 6 months postimplantation compared to Acropora scaffolds alone (n=5). Interestingly, osteogenesis, mediated by MSC, within these constructs was found continuous not only with the bony stumps, but also at the core of the implants. Scaffold resorption was almost complete at 6 months, leading to full bone regeneration in one animal. Acropora coral appear to be an appealing scaffold for bone tissue engineering because it supported in vitro MSC adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, these results provided evidence that MSC could promote bone regeneration in sheep when loaded one a natural fully resorbable scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Manassero
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
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142
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Kopic S, Geibel JP. Gastric acid, calcium absorption, and their impact on bone health. Physiol Rev 2013; 93:189-268. [PMID: 23303909 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium balance is essential for a multitude of physiological processes, ranging from cell signaling to maintenance of bone health. Adequate intestinal absorption of calcium is a major factor for maintaining systemic calcium homeostasis. Recent observations indicate that a reduction of gastric acidity may impair effective calcium uptake through the intestine. This article reviews the physiology of gastric acid secretion, intestinal calcium absorption, and their respective neuroendocrine regulation and explores the physiological basis of a potential link between these individual systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Kopic
- Department of Surgery and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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143
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Firth AL, Won JY, Park WS. Regulation of ca(2+) signaling in pulmonary hypertension. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:1-8. [PMID: 23439762 PMCID: PMC3579099 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains imperative if we are to successfully improve the quality of life and life span of patients with the disease. A whole plethora of mechanisms are associated with the development and progression of PH. Such complexity makes it difficult to isolate one particular pathway to target clinically. Changes in intracellular free calcium concentration, the most common intracellular second messenger, can have significant impact in defining the pathogenic mechanisms leading to its development and persistence. Signaling pathways leading to the elevation of [Ca(2+)](cyt) contribute to pulmonary vasoconstriction, excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells and ultimately pulmonary vascular remodeling. This current review serves to summarize the some of the most recent advances in the regulation of calcium during pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Firth
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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144
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Kang Y, Kim S, Fahrenholtz M, Khademhosseini A, Yang Y. Osteogenic and angiogenic potentials of monocultured and co-cultured human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells on three-dimensional porous beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:4906-15. [PMID: 22902820 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of biodegradable beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds holds great promise for bone tissue engineering. However, the effects of β-TCP on bone and endothelial cells are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate cell proliferation and differentiation of mono- or co-cultured human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on a three-dimensional porous, biodegradable β-TCP scaffold. In co-culture studies, the ratios of hBMSCs:HUVECs were 5:1, 1:1 and 1:5. Cellular morphologies of HUVECs, hBMSCs and co-cultured HUVECs/hBMSCs on the β-TCP scaffolds were monitored using confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation was monitored by measuring the amount of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) whereas hBMSC and HUVEC differentiation was assessed using the osteogenic and angiogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and PECAM-1 (CD31), respectively. Results show that HUVECs, hBMSCs and hBMSCs/HUVECs adhered to and proliferated well on the β-TCP scaffolds. In monoculture, hBMSCs grew faster than HUVECs on the β-TCP scaffolds after 7 days, but HUVECs reached similar levels of proliferation after 14 days. In monoculture, β-TCP scaffolds promoted ALP activities of both hBMSCs and HUVECs when compared to those grown on tissue culture well plates. ALP activity of cells in co-culture was higher than that of hBMSCs in monoculture. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results indicate that runx2 and alp gene expression in monocultured hBMSCs remained unchanged at days 7 and 14, but alp gene expression was significantly increased in hBMSC co-cultures when the contribution of individual cell types was not distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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145
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Jones JR. Review of bioactive glass: from Hench to hybrids. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:4457-86. [PMID: 22922331 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 985] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses are reported to be able to stimulate more bone regeneration than other bioactive ceramics but they lag behind other bioactive ceramics in terms of commercial success. Bioactive glass has not yet reached its potential but research activity is growing. This paper reviews the current state of the art, starting with current products and moving onto recent developments. Larry Hench's 45S5 Bioglass® was the first artificial material that was found to form a chemical bond with bone, launching the field of bioactive ceramics. In vivo studies have shown that bioactive glasses bond with bone more rapidly than other bioceramics, and in vitro studies indicate that their osteogenic properties are due to their dissolution products stimulating osteoprogenitor cells at the genetic level. However, calcium phosphates such as tricalcium phosphate and synthetic hydroxyapatite are more widely used in the clinic. Some of the reasons are commercial, but others are due to the scientific limitations of the original Bioglass 45S5. An example is that it is difficult to produce porous bioactive glass templates (scaffolds) for bone regeneration from Bioglass 45S5 because it crystallizes during sintering. Recently, this has been overcome by understanding how the glass composition can be tailored to prevent crystallization. The sintering problems can also be avoided by synthesizing sol-gel glass, where the silica network is assembled at room temperature. Process developments in foaming, solid freeform fabrication and nanofibre spinning have now allowed the production of porous bioactive glass scaffolds from both melt- and sol-gel-derived glasses. An ideal scaffold for bone regeneration would share load with bone. Bioceramics cannot do this when the bone defect is subjected to cyclic loads, as they are brittle. To overcome this, bioactive glass polymer hybrids are being synthesized that have the potential to be tough, with congruent degradation of the bioactive inorganic and the polymer components. Key to this is creating nanoscale interpenetrating networks, the organic and inorganic components of which have covalent coupling between them, which involves careful control of the chemistry of the sol-gel process. Bioactive nanoparticles can also now be synthesized and their fate tracked as they are internalized in cells. This paper reviews the main developments in the field of bioactive glass and its variants, covering the importance of control of hierarchical structure, synthesis, processing and cellular response in the quest for new regenerative synthetic bone grafts. The paper takes the reader from Hench's Bioglass 45S5 to new hybrid materials that have tailorable mechanical properties and degradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK.
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146
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Calcium phosphate phases integrated in silica/collagen nanocomposite xerogels enhance the bioactivity and ultimately manipulate the osteoblast/osteoclast ratio in a human co-culture model. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:4878-88. [PMID: 23072829 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A human co-culture model of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, derived from bone marrow stromal cells and monocytes respectively, was used to characterize the influence of biomaterial modification on the bioactivity and ultimately the ratio of bone-forming to bone-resorbing cells cultivated directly on the surface. Nanocomposites of silica and collagen have been shown to function as skeletal structures in nature and were reproduced in vitro by using a sol-gel approach. The resulting xerogels exhibit a number of features that make it a valuable system for the development of innovative materials for bone substitution applications. In the present study, the incorporation of different calcium phosphate phases in silica/collagen-based gels was demonstrated to enhance the bioactivity of these samples. This ability of the biomaterial to precipitate calcium phosphate on the surface when incubated in simulated body fluids or cell culture medium is generally considered to an advantageous property for bone substitution materials. By co-cultivating human osteoblasts and osteoclasts up to 42 days on the xerogels, we demonstrate that the long-term ratio of these cell types depends on the level of bioactivity of the substrate samples. Biphasic silica/collagen xerogels exhibited comparably low bioactivity but encouraged proliferation of osteoblasts in comparison to osteoclast formation. A balanced ratio of both cell types was detected for moderately bioactive triphasic xerogels with 5% calcium phosphate. However, enhancing the bioactivity of the xerogel samples by increasing the calcium phosphate phase percentage to 20% resulted in a diminished number of osteoblasts in favor of osteoclast formation. Quantitative evaluation was carried out by biochemical methods (calcium, DNA, ALP, TRAP 5b) as well as RT-PCR (ALP, BSP II, OC, RANKL, TRAP, CALCR, VTNR, CTSK), and was supported by confocal laser scanning microscopy (cell nuclei, actin, CD68, TRAP) as well as scanning electron microscopy.
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147
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Saidak Z, Marie PJ. Strontium signaling: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in osteoporosis. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 136:216-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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148
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Chen Q, Zhu C, Thouas GA. Progress and challenges in biomaterials used for bone tissue engineering: bioactive glasses and elastomeric composites. Prog Biomater 2012; 1:2. [PMID: 29470743 PMCID: PMC5120665 DOI: 10.1186/2194-0517-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Driven by the increasing economic burden associated with bone injury and disease, biomaterial development for bone repair represents the most active research area in the field of tissue engineering. This article provides an update on recent advances in the development of bioactive biomaterials for bone regeneration. Special attention is paid to the recent developments of sintered Na-containing bioactive glasses, borate-based bioactive glasses, those doped with trace elements (such as Cu, Zn, and Sr), and novel elastomeric composites. Although bioactive glasses are not new to bone tissue engineering, their tunable mechanical properties, biodegradation rates, and ability to support bone and vascular tissue regeneration, as well as osteoblast differentiation from stem and progenitor cells, are superior to other bioceramics. Recent progresses on the development of borate bioactive glasses and trace element-doped bioactive glasses expand the repertoire of bioactive glasses. Although boride and other trace elements have beneficial effects on bone remodeling and/or associated angiogenesis, the risk of toxicity at high levels must be highly regarded in the design of new composition of bioactive biomaterials so that the release of these elements must be satisfactorily lower than their biologically safe levels. Elastomeric composites are superior to the more commonly used thermoplastic-matrix composites, owing to the well-defined elastic properties of elastomers which are ideal for the replacement of collagen, a key elastic protein within the bone tissue. Artificial bone matrix made from elastomeric composites can, therefore, offer both sound mechanical integrity and flexibility in the dynamic environment of injured bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - George A Thouas
- Department of Zoology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
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149
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Xiao H, Shan L, Zhu H, Xue F. Detection of significant pathways in osteoporosis based on graph clustering. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1325-32. [PMID: 22992777 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common and serious skeletal disorder among the elderly, characterized by a low bone mineral density (BMD). Low bone mass in the elderly is highly dependent on their peak bone mass (PBM) as young adults. Circulating monocytes serve as early progenitors of osteoclasts and produce significant molecules for bone metabolism. An improved understanding of the biology and genetics of osteoclast differentiation at the pathway level is likely to be beneficial for the development of novel targeted approaches for osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to explore gene expression profiles comprehensively by grouping individual differentially expressed genes (DEGs) into gene sets and pathways using the graph clustering approach and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis. The results indicated that the DEGs between high and low PBM samples were grouped into nine gene sets. The genes in clusters 1 and 8 (including GBP1, STAT1, CXCL10 and EIF2AK2) may be associated with osteoclast differentiation by the immune system response. The genes in clusters 2, 7 and 9 (including SOCS3, SOD2, ATF3, ADM EGR2 and BCL2A1) may be associated with osteoclast differentiation by responses to various stimuli. This study provides a number of candidate genes that warrant further investigation, including DDX60, HERC5, RSAD2, SIGLEC1, CMPK2, MX1, SEPING1, EPSTI1, C9orf72, PHLDA2, PFKFB3, PLEKHG2, ANKRD28, IL1RN and RNF19B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai 201400, P.R. China
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150
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Abstract
Skeletal health is dependent on the balance between bone resorption and formation during bone remodeling. Multiple signaling pathways play essential roles in the maintenance of skeletal integrity by positively or negatively regulating bone cells. During the last years, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the essential signaling pathways that regulate bone cell commitment, differentiation and survival. New signaling anabolic pathways triggered by parathyroid hormone, local growth factors, Wnt signaling, and calcium sensing receptor have been identified. Novel signals induced by interactions between bone cells-matrix (integrins), osteoblasts/osteocytes (cadherins, connexins), and osteoblasts/osteoclast (ephrins, Wnt-RhoA, semaphorins) have been discovered. Recent studies revealed the key pathways (MAPK, PI3K/Akt) that critically control bone cells and skeletal mass. This review summarizes the most recent knowledge on the major signaling pathways that control bone cells, and their potential impact on the development of therapeutic strategies to improve human bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Marie
- Laboratory of osteoblast biology and pathology, INSERM, UMR-606, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hopital Lariboisiere, 2 rue Ambroise Pare, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France.
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