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Ackova DG, Smilkov K, Bosnakovski D. Contemporary Formulations for Drug Delivery of Anticancer Bioactive Compounds. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019; 14:19-31. [PMID: 30636616 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190111104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immense development in the field of anticancer research has led to an increase in the research of bioactive compounds with anticancer potential. It has been known that many bioactive natural compounds have low solubility (and low bioavailability) as their main drawback when it comes to the formulation and drug delivery to specific sites. OBJECTIVE As many attempts have been made to overcome this issue, this review gives a summary of the current accomplishments regarding the development of new Drug Delivery Systems (DDSs) represented by nanoparticles (NPs) and exosomes. METHODS We analyzed the published data concerning selected compounds that present the most prominent plant secondary metabolites with anticancer potential, specifically flavone (quercetin), isoflavone (genistein and curcumin) and stilbene (resveratrol) groups that have been formulated as NPs and exosomes. In addition, we summarized the patent literature published from 2015-2018 that address these formulations. RESULTS Although the exact mechanism of action for the selected natural compounds still remains unclear, the anticancer effect is evident and the main research efforts are directed to finding the most suitable delivery systems. Recent patents in this field serve as evidence that these newly designed natural compound delivery systems could be powerful new anticancer agents in the very near future if the noted difficulties are overcome. CONCLUSION The focus of recent research is not only to clarify the exact mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects, but also to answer the issue of suitable delivery systems that can transport sufficient doses of bioactive compounds to the desired target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darinka G Ackova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev - Stip, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
| | - Katarina Smilkov
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev - Stip, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
| | - Darko Bosnakovski
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev - Stip, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
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102
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Tuli HS, Tuorkey MJ, Thakral F, Sak K, Kumar M, Sharma AK, Sharma U, Jain A, Aggarwal V, Bishayee A. Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Genistein in Cancer: Recent Advances. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1336. [PMID: 31866857 PMCID: PMC6910185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Genistein is one among the several other known isoflavones that is found in different soybeans and soy products. The chemical name of genistein is 4′,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone. Genistein has drawn attention of scientific community because of its potential beneficial effects on human grave diseases, such as cancer. Mechanistic insight of genistein reveals its potential for apoptotic induction, cell cycle arrest, as well as antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: The purpose of this review is to unravel and analyze various molecular mechanisms of genistein in diverse cancer models. Data sources: English language literature was searched using various databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBOSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Key words used in various combinations included genistein, cancer, anticancer, molecular mechanisms prevention, treatment, in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies. Study selection: Study selection was carried out strictly in accordance with the statement of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Data extraction: Four authors independently carried out the extraction of articles. Data synthesis: One hundred one papers were found suitable for use in this review. Conclusion: This review covers various molecular interactions of genistein with various cellular targets in cancer models. It will help the scientific community understand genistein and cancer biology and will provoke them to design novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Muobarak Jaber Tuorkey
- Division of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Falak Thakral
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
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103
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Thangavel P, Puga-Olguín A, Rodríguez-Landa JF, Zepeda RC. Genistein as Potential Therapeutic Candidate for Menopausal Symptoms and Other Related Diseases. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213892. [PMID: 31671813 PMCID: PMC6864469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived compounds have recently attracted greater interest in the field of new therapeutic agent development. These compounds have been widely screened for their pharmacological effects. Polyphenols, such as soy-derived isoflavones, also called phytoestrogens, have been extensively studied due to their ability to inhibit carcinogenesis. These compounds are chemically similar to 17β-estradiol, and mimic the binding of estrogens to its receptors, exerting estrogenic effects in target organs. Genistein is an isoflavone derived from soy-rich products and accounts for about 60% of total isoflavones found in soybeans. Genistein has been reported to exhibit several biological effects, such as anti-tumor activity (inhibition of cell proliferation, regulation of the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis), improvement of glucose metabolism, impairment of angiogenesis in both hormone-related and hormone-unrelated cancer cells, reduction of peri-menopausal and postmenopausal hot flashes, and modulation of antioxidant effects. Additionally, epidemiological and clinical studies have reported health benefits of genistein in many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis, and aid in the amelioration of typical menopausal symptoms, such as anxiety and depression. Although the biological effects are promising, certain limitations, such as low bioavailability, biological estrogenic activity, and effects on target organs, have limited the clinical applications of genistein to some extent. Moreover, studies report that modification of its molecular structure may eliminate the biological estrogenic activity and its effects on target organs. In this review, we summarize the potential benefits of genistein on menopause symptoms and menopause-related diseases like cardiovascular, osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes, anxiety, depression, and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Thangavel
- Programa de Posgrado en Neuroetología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa C.P. 91190, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Abraham Puga-Olguín
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa C.P. 91190, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Juan F Rodríguez-Landa
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa C.P. 91190, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Rossana C Zepeda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa C.P. 91190, Veracruz, Mexico.
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104
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Calvaruso M, Pucci G, Musso R, Bravatà V, Cammarata FP, Russo G, Forte GI, Minafra L. Nutraceutical Compounds as Sensitizers for Cancer Treatment in Radiation Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215267. [PMID: 31652849 PMCID: PMC6861933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The improvement of diagnostic techniques and the efficacy of new therapies in clinical practice have allowed cancer patients to reach a higher chance to be cured together with a better quality of life. However, tumors still represent the second leading cause of death worldwide. On the contrary, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) still lack treatment plans which take into account the biological features of tumors and depend on this for their response to treatment. Tumor cells' response to RT is strictly-connected to their radiosensitivity, namely, their ability to resist and to overcome cell damage induced by ionizing radiation (IR). For this reason, radiobiological research is focusing on the ability of chemical compounds to radiosensitize cancer cells so to make them more responsive to IR. In recent years, the interests of researchers have been focused on natural compounds that show antitumoral effects with limited collateral issues. Moreover, nutraceuticals are easy to recover and are thus less expensive. On these bases, several scientific projects have aimed to test also their ability to induce tumor radiosensitization both in vitro and in vivo. The goal of this review is to describe what is known about the role of nutraceuticals in radiotherapy, their use and their potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calvaruso
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù (PA), Italy.
| | - Gaia Pucci
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù (PA), Italy.
| | - Rosa Musso
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù (PA), Italy.
| | - Valentina Bravatà
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù (PA), Italy.
| | - Francesco P Cammarata
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù (PA), Italy.
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù (PA), Italy.
| | - Giusi I Forte
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù (PA), Italy.
| | - Luigi Minafra
- Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), 90015 Cefalù (PA), Italy.
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105
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Shentu YP, Hu WT, Liang JW, Liuyang ZY, Wei H, Qun W, Wang XC, Wang JZ, Westermarck J, Liu R. Genistein Decreases APP/tau Phosphorylation and Ameliorates Aβ Overproduction Through Inhibiting CIP2A. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:732-740. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190830113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Upregulation of Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) plays an important role
in disease-related phosphorylation of tau/APP and tau pathology/Aβ overproduction through inhibiting
PP2A in AD brain. Genistein has been shown to potently reduce CIP2A in experimental cancer treatment
research. Whether Genistein can ameliorate AD pathology through targeting CIP2A needs further investigation.
Methods:
The inhibitory effects of Genistein on tau/APP phosphorylation and Aβ overproduction in AD
cell models have been explored. HEK293-T cells were co-transfected with CIP2A and APP plasmids, or
CIP2A and tau plasmids, with Genistein incubation at 0, 30, 60 or 120 µM for 48 h, cell viability and
PP2A activities were measured. HEK293-T cells with CIP2A/APP overexpression treated with Genistein
at 30 µM for 48 h were collected and lyzed for Western blotting detection of CIP2A, PP2Ac, APP-T668,
total APP, PS1, BACE1, sAPPα and sAPPβ. Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in cell supernatant, soluble fraction
(RIPA) and insoluble fraction (formic acid soluble) of cell lysates were measured by ELISA. HEK293-T
cells with CIP2A/tau overexpression treated with Genistein at 30 µM for 48 h were collected for Western
blotting detection of CIP2A, PP2Ac, tau-S396, tau-S404 and total tau.
Conclusion:
CIP2A is a target of Genistein in AD therapy. Genistein reduces APP/tau hyperphosphorylation
and Aβ production through inhibiting the effect of CIP2A on PP2A.
Results:
Genistein effectively reduced CIP2A expression, and restored PP2A activities both in
CIP2A/APP, CIP2A/tau co-expressed cells. Genistein reduced APP phosphorylation at T668 site and
inhibited Aβ production. Meantime, Genistein ameliorated tau hyperphosphorylation through repressing
the inhibitory effect of CIP2A on PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ping Shentu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Ting Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Wei Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liuyang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wang Qun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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106
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In vivo cancer targeting via glycopolyester nanoparticle mediated metabolic cell labeling followed by click reaction. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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107
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Mesmar F, Dai B, Ibrahim A, Hases L, Jafferali MH, Jose Augustine J, DiLorenzo S, Kang Y, Zhao Y, Wang J, Kim M, Lin CY, Berkenstam A, Fleming J, Williams C. Clinical candidate and genistein analogue AXP107-11 has chemoenhancing functions in pancreatic adenocarcinoma through G protein-coupled estrogen receptor signaling. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7705-7719. [PMID: 31568691 PMCID: PMC6912054 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer therapeutics, pancreatic cancer remains difficult to treat and often develops resistance to chemotherapies. We have evaluated a bioavailable genistein analogue, AXP107-11 which has completed phase Ib clinical trial, as an approach to sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy. Using organotypic cultures of 14 patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we found that addition of AXP107-11 indeed sensitized 57% of cases to gemcitabine treatment. Results were validated using PDX models in vivo. Further, RNA-Seq from responsive and unresponsive tumors proposed a 41-gene treatment-predictive signature. Functional and molecular assays were performed in cell lines and demonstrated that the effect was synergistic. Transcriptome analysis indicated activation of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1) as the main underlying mechanism of action, which was corroborated using GPER1-selective agonists and antagonists. GPER1 expression in pancreatic tumors was indicative of survival, and our study proposes that activation of GPER1 may constitute a new avenue for pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmi Mesmar
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bingbing Dai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Linnea Hases
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Hakim Jafferali
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jithesh Jose Augustine
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sebastian DiLorenzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computing Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computing Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chin-Yo Lin
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jason Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
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108
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Tong Y, Wang M, Huang H, Zhang J, Huang Y, Chen Y, Pan H. Inhibitory effects of genistein in combination with gefitinib on the hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cell line. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3793-3800. [PMID: 31611933 PMCID: PMC6781792 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is an important method for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gefitinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, which has profound effects on HCC. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of genistein in combination with gefitinib on the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells and the associated mechanism. Cell counting kit-8 assay was performed to calculate the IC50 values and cytotoxicity, whilst flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis. Protein expression was detected using western blot analysis. The IC50 of genistein and gefitinib on Hep3B cells were calculated to be 128.078 and 13.657 µM, respectively. Genistein in combination with gefitinib significantly inhibited cell viability, promoted apoptosis and reduced EGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor phosphorylation. Genistein in combination with gefitinib promoted the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase. In addition, combined treatment of genistein and gefitinib strongly inhibited the activation of the Akt/Erk/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, findings from the present study suggest that genistein in combination with gefitinib inhibit HCC cell proliferation and promote apoptosis by inhibiting the Akt/Erk/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Mingshan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317200, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Effects of genistein on anti-tumor activity of cisplatin in human cervical cancer cell lines. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2019; 62:322-328. [PMID: 31538075 PMCID: PMC6737053 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2019.62.5.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of genistein on the anticancer effects of chemotherapeutic agents, we examined the effect of a genistein and cisplatin combination on CaSki human cervical cancer cells. Methods After the cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells, CaSki cells) had been cultured, cisplatin and genistein were added to the culture medium, and the cell activity was measured using MTT assay. The CaSki cells were cultured in a medium containing cisplatin and genistein, and then, the cells were collected in order to measure p53, Bcl2, ERK, and caspase 3 levels by western blotting. Results Both the HeLa and CaSki cells had decreased cell viabilities when the cisplatin concentration was 10 μM or higher. When combined with genistein, the cell viabilities of the HeLa and CaSki cells decreased at cisplatin concentrations of 8 μM and 6 μM, respectively. The administration of genistein increased the toxicity of cisplatin in the HeLa and CaSki cells. In the CaSki cells, the p-ERK1/2 level decreased by 37%, the p53 expression level increased by 304%, and the cleaved caspase 3 level increased by 115% in the cisplatin+genistein group compared to that in the cisplatin group. Bcl2 expression was reduced by 69% in the cisplatin+genistein group compared to that in the cisplatin group. Conclusion Genistein enhances the anticancer effect of cisplatin in CaSki cells, and can be used as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant to increase the activity of a chemotherapeutic agent.
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110
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Dimidi E, Cox SR, Rossi M, Whelan K. Fermented Foods: Definitions and Characteristics, Impact on the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Gastrointestinal Health and Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081806. [PMID: 31387262 PMCID: PMC6723656 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods are defined as foods or beverages produced through controlled microbial growth, and the conversion of food components through enzymatic action. In recent years, fermented foods have undergone a surge in popularity, mainly due to their proposed health benefits. The aim of this review is to define and characterise common fermented foods (kefir, kombucha, sauerkraut, tempeh, natto, miso, kimchi, sourdough bread), their mechanisms of action (including impact on the microbiota), and the evidence for effects on gastrointestinal health and disease in humans. Putative mechanisms for the impact of fermented foods on health include the potential probiotic effect of their constituent microorganisms, the fermentation-derived production of bioactive peptides, biogenic amines, and conversion of phenolic compounds to biologically active compounds, as well as the reduction of anti-nutrients. Fermented foods that have been tested in at least one randomised controlled trial (RCT) for their gastrointestinal effects were kefir, sauerkraut, natto, and sourdough bread. Despite extensive in vitro studies, there are no RCTs investigating the impact of kombucha, miso, kimchi or tempeh in gastrointestinal health. The most widely investigated fermented food is kefir, with evidence from at least one RCT suggesting beneficial effects in both lactose malabsorption and Helicobacter pylori eradication. In summary, there is very limited clinical evidence for the effectiveness of most fermented foods in gastrointestinal health and disease. Given the convincing in vitro findings, clinical high-quality trials investigating the health benefits of fermented foods are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Dimidi
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Selina Rose Cox
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Megan Rossi
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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111
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Salces FR, Rostagno MA, Amaya-Farfan J. Novel process of hydration, followed by incubation and thermal processing, for high isoflavone bioconversion in soybeans. Food Res Int 2019; 121:691-696. [PMID: 31108797 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The potentially bioavailable aglyconic isoflavone content of soybeans was increased by a process based on the controlled hydration of whole beans, followed by an incubation step and cooking. For developing the process, the effects of three operation variables: temperature, intermittent soaking and incubation time on the isoflavone profile of the processed soybeans were assessed. By hydrating the whole beans under controlled conditions (54 °C; 15 rpm for a rotating soaking basket) and holding the beans for an appropriate incubation time, it was possible to substantially increase the total aglycone content from (μmol·10-2·g-1) ~5 in the raw, to ~95 in the processed soybean. A conventional thermal treatment (1 kg⋅cm-2, 5 min), necessary to attain the nutritional and sensory characteristics, produced additional hydrolysis of glucosides, accounting for extra 14% of total aglycone yield. The entire process avoided the need to grind the bean and permitted an overall 21.8-fold increase (per-mole basis) conversion of all forms of isoflavone glucosides to aglycones, particularly to the (S)-equol precursor, daidzein, and with minimal back-diffusion or leaching to the outside medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz R Salces
- Food and Nutrition Department (DEPAN), School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mauricio A Rostagno
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, P.O. Box 1068, ZIP code:13484-350 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime Amaya-Farfan
- Food and Nutrition Department (DEPAN), School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
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112
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Saghafi T, Taheri RA, Parkkila S, Emameh RZ. Phytochemicals as Modulators of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Inhibitors of Cancer-Related Carbonic Anhydrases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122939. [PMID: 31208095 PMCID: PMC6627131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are classified as a group of transcripts which regulate various biological processes, such as RNA processing, epigenetic control, and signaling pathways. According to recent studies, lncRNAs are dysregulated in cancer and play an important role in cancer incidence and spreading. There is also an association between lncRNAs and the overexpression of some tumor-associated proteins, including carbonic anhydrases II, IX, and XII (CA II, CA IX, and CA XII). Therefore, not only CA inhibition, but also lncRNA modulation, could represent an attractive strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. Experimental studies have suggested that herbal compounds regulate the expression of many lncRNAs involved in cancer, such as HOTAIR (HOX transcript antisense RNA), H19, MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1), PCGEM1 (Prostate cancer gene expression marker 1), PVT1, etc. These plant-derived drugs or phytochemicals include resveratrol, curcumin, genistein, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-galate, camptothcin, and 3,3′-diindolylmethane. More comprehensive information about lncRNA modulation via phytochemicals would be helpful for the administration of new herbal derivatives in cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art and potential of phytochemicals as modulators of lncRNAs in different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Saghafi
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 14965/161 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd. and Tampere University Hospital, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
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Long X, Liao L, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Xiao F, Li C, Guo Y. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Genistein Amino Acid Ester Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Tumor Agents. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐kang Long
- Institute of Pharmacy and PharmacologyHunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug StudyUniversity of South China, Hengyang China
| | - Lan‐Qing Liao
- Institute of Pharmacy and PharmacologyHunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug StudyUniversity of South China, Hengyang China
| | - Yao‐Fu Zeng
- Institute of Pharmacy and PharmacologyHunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug StudyUniversity of South China, Hengyang China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy and PharmacologyHunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug StudyUniversity of South China, Hengyang China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Institute of Pharmacy and PharmacologyHunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug StudyUniversity of South China, Hengyang China
| | - Chong Li
- Nanhua Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy and PharmacologyHunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug StudyUniversity of South China, Hengyang China
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114
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Chae HS, Xu R, Won JY, Chin YW, Yim H. Molecular Targets of Genistein and Its Related Flavonoids to Exert Anticancer Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2420. [PMID: 31100782 PMCID: PMC6566427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased health awareness among the public has highlighted the health benefits of dietary supplements including flavonoids. As flavonoids target several critical factors to exert a variety of biological effects, studies to identify their target-specific effects have been conducted. Herein, we discuss the basic structures of flavonoids and their anticancer activities in relation to the specific biological targets acted upon by these flavonoids. Flavonoids target several signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT kinase, and metastasis. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) has been recognized as a valuable target in cancer treatment due to the prognostic implication of PLK1 in cancer patients and its clinical relevance between the overexpression of PLK1 and the reduced survival rates of several carcinoma patients. Recent studies suggest that several flavonoids, including genistein directly inhibit PLK1 inhibitory activity. Later, we focus on the anticancer effects of genistein through inhibition of PLK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea.
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea.
| | - Jae-Yeon Won
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea.
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea.
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea.
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115
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Sanaei M, Kavoosi F. Effect of DNA Methyltransferase in Comparison to and
in Combination with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on
Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1119-1125. [PMID: 31030484 PMCID: PMC6948907 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.4.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA demethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors can affect reactivation of gene expression and apoptosis induction by DNA acetylation and demethylation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of DNA demethylating agent genistein (GE) and histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid VPA), alone and combined, on hepatocellular carcinoma Hep G2 cell line. Methods: The cells were treated with various doses of genistein and valproic acid (alone and combined) and the MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine cell viability and apoptosis. Results: Genistein and valproic acid inhibited the growth of HepG 2 cells significantly. Result of flow cytometry demonstrated that genistein and valproic acid (alone and combined) induce apoptosis significantly in a timedependent manner. Conclusions: Genistein and valproic acid can significantly inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cell line. The apoptotic effects of GE in combination with VPA were more significant that of each compound alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Sanaei
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Fraidoon Kavoosi
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
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A novel miR-365-3p/EHF/keratin 16 axis promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis, cancer stemness and drug resistance via enhancing β5-integrin/c-met signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:89. [PMID: 30782177 PMCID: PMC6381632 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Targeting the c-Met signaling pathway has become a therapeutic strategy in multiple types of cancer. We unveiled a novel c-Met regulating mechanism that could be applied as a modality for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) therapy. Methods Upregulation of keratin 16 (KRT16) was found by comparing isogenic pairs of low and high invasive human OSCC lines via microarray analysis. OSCC cells with ectopic expression or silencing of KRT16 were used to scrutinize functional roles and associated molecular mechanisms. Results We observed that high KRT16 expression significantly correlated with poorer pathological differentiation, advanced stages, increased lymph nodes metastasis, and decreased survival rate from several Taiwanese OSCC patient cohorts. We further revealed that miR-365-3p could target ETS homologous factor (EHF), a KRT16 transcription factor, to decrease migration, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance in OSCC cells via inhibition of KRT16. Under confocal microscopic examination, c-Met was found possibly partially associates with KRT16 through β5-integrin. Colocalization of these three proteins may facilitate c-Met and β5-integrin–mediated signaling in OSCC cells. Depletion of KRT16 led to increased protein degradation of β5-integrin and c-Met through a lysosomal pathway leading to inhibition of their downstream Src/STAT3/FAK/ERK signaling in OSCC cells. Knockdown of KRT16 enhanced chemosensitivity of OSCC towards 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Various combination of c-Met inhibitor (foretinib), protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor (genistein), β5-integrin antibody, and 5-FU markedly augmented cytotoxic effects in OSCC cells as well as tumor killing effects in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our data indicate that targeting a novel miR-365-3p/EHF/KRT16/β5-integrin/c-Met signaling pathway could improve treatment efficacy in OSCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1091-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Mittal P, Vrdhan H, Ajmal G, Bonde G, Kapoor R, Mishra B. Formulation and Characterization of Genistein-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Pharmacokinetic, Biodistribution and In vitro Cytotoxicity Studies. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:215-225. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666181120170137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:Genistein (Gen) is a naturally occurring soy isoflavonoid, possessing anticancer, antiproliferation & antioxidant-like properties. The disadvantage of poor solubility and less oral bioavailability restrict its use as a potential anticancer agent.Objectives:The current work was focused on the formulation and characterization of the genistein loaded nanostructured lipid carriers that can entrap enough quantity of the drug which will provide sustained release of the drug for the treatment of ovarian cancer.Methods:The nanostructure lipid carriers of genistein were developed with the aid of solvent emulsification and evaporation technique by employing TPGS as a surfactant. The resultant formulation was characterized by various physicochemical properties. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies were carried out to estimate the mean plasma concentrations of the drug. Percentage cytotoxicity was evaluated by using PA-1 ovarian cancer cell lines.Results:The resultant formulation exhibited a particle size of 130.23 nm, and entrapment efficiency of 94.27 %, & zeta potential of -20.21 mV with unimodal size distribution. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies revealed that the formulation was able to provide sufficient plasma drug concentration for the longer period of time and the drug was more distributed in ovarian cancer tissues. Results of MTT assay concluded that GenNLC were more effective in comparison to pristine Gen.Conclusion:In a nutshell, GenNLC seems to be a superior alternative carrier system for the formulation industry to obtain the higher entrapment with excellent stability of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mittal
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Varanasi -221005 (U.P.), India
| | - Harsh Vrdhan
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Varanasi -221005 (U.P.), India
| | - Gufran Ajmal
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Varanasi -221005 (U.P.), India
| | - Gunjan Bonde
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Varanasi -221005 (U.P.), India
| | - Ramit Kapoor
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Varanasi -221005 (U.P.), India
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118
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Gu HF, Mao XY, Du M. Prevention of breast cancer by dietary polyphenols-role of cancer stem cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:810-825. [PMID: 30632783 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1551778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignancy with poor prognosis. Cancer cells are heterogeneous and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for tumor relapse, treatment-resistance and metastasis, so for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Diets are known to be associated with carcinogenesis. Food-derived polyphenols are able to attenuate the formation and virulence of BCSCs, implying that these compounds and their analogs might be promising agents for preventing breast cancer. In the present review, we summarized the origin and surface markers of BCSCs and possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of polyphenols on BCSCs. The suppressive effects of common dietary polyphenols against BCSCs, such as curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and related polyphenolic compounds were further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Feng Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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119
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Abstract
Soy isoflavones have demonstrated chemopreventive and anticancer properties in epidemiology and biological studies, in addition to their function as antioxidants in prevention of cardiovascular disease. We have explored the potential of soy isoflavones, as a safe biological approach, to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy for local tumor control and limit normal tissue damage in solid tumors. This review presents studies investigating the interaction between soy isoflavones and radiation in different malignancies, including prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and nonsmall cell lung cancer. Soy isoflavones were found to be potent sensitizers of cancer cells to radiation causing increased cell killing in vitro in human tumor cell lines and greater tumor inhibition in vivo in preclinical orthotopic murine tumor models. In the course of these studies, radioprotection of normal tissues and organs in the field of radiation was observed both in a clinical trial for prostate cancer and in preclinical models. The mechanisms of radiosensitization and radioprotection mediated by soy isoflavones are discussed and emphasize the role of soy isoflavones in increasing radiation effect on tumor and mitigating inflammatory responses induced by radiation in normal tissues. Soy isoflavones could be used as a safe, nontoxic complementary strategy that simultaneously increases radiation effectiveness on the malignancy while reducing damage in normal tissues in the field of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda G Hillman
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology Division, and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
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120
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Sivoňová MK, Kaplán P, Tatarková Z, Lichardusová L, Dušenka R, Jurečeková J. Androgen receptor and soy isoflavones in prostate cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 10:191-204. [PMID: 30680195 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptor (AR) play a critical role not only in normal prostate development, but also in prostate cancer. For that reason, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer. However, the majority of patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer, which eventually leads to mortality. Novel therapeutic approaches, including dietary changes, have been explored. Soy isoflavones have become a focus of interest because of their positive health benefits on numerous diseases, particularly hormone-related cancers, including prostate and breast cancers. An important strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer might thus be the action of soy isoflavones on the AR signaling pathway. The current review article provides a detailed overview of the anticancer potential of soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein and glycitein), as mediated by their effect on AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kmetová Sivoňová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kaplán
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.,Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Tatarková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Lichardusová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Dušenka
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and UHM in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jurečeková
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Targeting ncRNAs by plant secondary metabolites: The ncRNAs game in the balance towards malignancy inhibition. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1779-1799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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122
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The flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside decreases local inflammation, suppresses NFκB signaling, and inhibits mammary tumor growth. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 173:545-557. [PMID: 30367332 PMCID: PMC6394576 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-5021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to the polyphenolic plant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and its metabolite enterolactone (ENL) has been associated with reduced breast cancer progression, particularly for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-negative disease, and decreased preclinical mammary tumor growth. However, while preclinical studies have established that SDG and ENL affect measures of progression in models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC, a subset of ERα-negative disease), the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (control, 10% kcal from fat) or control diet + SDG (SDG, 100 mg/kg diet) for 8 weeks, then orthotopically injected with syngeneic E0771 mammary tumor cells (a model of TNBC); tumor growth was monitored for 3 weeks. The role of reduced NF-κB signaling in SDG's anti-tumor effects was explored in vitro via treatment with the bioactive SDG metabolite ENL. In addition to the murine E0771 cells, the in vitro studies utilized MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, two human cell lines which model the triple-negative and luminal A breast cancer subtypes, respectively. RESULTS SDG supplementation in the mice significantly reduced tumor volume and expression of phospho-p65 and NF-κB target genes (P < 0.05). Markers of macrophage infiltration were decreased in the distal-to-tumor mammary fat pad of mice supplemented with SDG relative to control mice (P < 0.05). In vitro, ENL treatment inhibited viability, survival, and NF-κB activity and target gene expression in E0771, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cells (P < 0.05). Overexpression of Rela attenuated ENL's inhibition of E0771 cell viability and survival. CONCLUSIONS SDG reduces tumor growth in the E0771 model of TNBC, likely via a mechanism involving inhibition of NF-κB activity. SDG could serve as a practical and effective adjuvant treatment to reduce recurrence, but greater understanding of its effects is needed to inform the development of more targeted recommendations for its use.
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Varghese E, Samuel SM, Abotaleb M, Cheema S, Mamtani R, Büsselberg D. The "Yin and Yang" of Natural Compounds in Anticancer Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E346. [PMID: 30248941 PMCID: PMC6209965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different types of breast cancers, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly aggressive, do not respond to conventional hormonal/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted interventions due to the lack of the respective receptor targets, have chances of early recurrence, metastasize, tend to be more invasive in nature, and develop drug resistance. The global burden of TNBCs is increasing regardless of the number of cytotoxic drugs being introduced into the market each year as they have only moderate efficacy and/or unforeseen side effects. Therefore, the demand for more efficient therapeutic interventions, with reduced side effects, for the treatment of TNBCs is rising. While some plant metabolites/derivatives actually induce the risk of cancers, many plant-derived active principles have gained attention as efficient anticancer agents against TNBCs, with fewer adverse side effects. Here we discuss the possible oncogenic molecular pathways in TNBCs and how the purified plant-derived natural compounds specifically target and modulate the genes and/or proteins involved in these aberrant pathways to exhibit their anticancer potential. We have linked the anticancer potential of plant-derived natural compounds (luteolin, chalcones, piperine, deguelin, quercetin, rutin, fisetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and others) to their ability to target multiple dysregulated signaling pathways (such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Hedgehog) leading to suppression of cell growth, proliferation, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, and activation of apoptosis in TNBCs. Plant-derived compounds in combination with classical chemotherapeutic agents were more efficient in the treatment of TNBCs, possibly with lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Sohaila Cheema
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Ravinder Mamtani
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
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124
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Chikazawa M, Sato R. Identification of a Novel Function of Resveratrol and Genistein as a Regulator of β 2 -Adrenergic Receptor Expression in Skeletal Muscle Cells and Characterization of Promoter Elements Required for Promoter Activation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800530. [PMID: 30184338 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Modulating β2 -adrenergic receptor (β2 -AR) expression and activation is important for maintaining skeletal muscle function. In this study, two food factors, resveratrol (RSV) and genistein (GEN), that are able to regulate β2 -AR promoter activity and may improve skeletal muscle function are identified. METHODS AND RESULTS Using luciferase reporter assay, 357 functional food factors as candidates for β2 -AR promoter activity have been screened and subsequently RSV and GEN increase β2 -AR promoter activity and β2 -AR mRNA expression. Using promoter sequence analysis, it is shown that the CCAAT box and the GC box on the β2 -AR promoter are required for the regulation of β2 -AR expression by RSV or GEN. It is also ascertained that transcription factor NF-YA binds to the CCAAT box on the β2 -AR promoter and that the amount of NF-YA bound to the CCAAT box is unchanged by RSV or GEN treatment. Finally, it is confirmed that a GEN-containing diet increases β2 -AR expression in mouse skeletal muscle and increased skeletal muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that food-derived molecules have the potential to influence skeletal muscle mass and function by regulating G protein-coupled receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Chikazawa
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Food Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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125
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Tyagi N, Song YH, De R. Recent progress on biocompatible nanocarrier-based genistein delivery systems in cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2018; 27:394-407. [PMID: 30124078 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1514040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diets with naturally occuring chemopreventive agents are showing good potentials in serving dual purposes: firstly, for maintaining health, and secondly, for emerging as most puissant cost-effective strategy against chronic diseases like cancer. Genistein, one of the active soy isoflavone, is gaining attention due to its ability to impede carcinogenic processes by regulating wide range of associated molecules and signalling mechanisms. Epidemiologic and preclinical evidences suggest that sufficient consumption of soy-based food having genistein can be correlated to the reduction of cancer risk. However, certain adverse effects like poor oral bioavailability, low aqueous solubility and inefficient pharmacokinetics have pushed it down in the list of phytoconstituents currently undergoing successful clinical trials. In order to maximise the utilisation of therapeutic benefits of this phytoestrogen, suitable drug carrier designs are required. Recently, nanocarriers, mainly composed of polymeric materials, are progressively and innovatively exploited with the aim to improve pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of genistein. Here, we have briefly reviewed (a) the targeted molecular mechanisms of geinstein, (b) nanopolymeric approaches opted so far in designing carriers and (c) the reasons behind their restricted clinical applications. Finally, some mechanism-based approaches are proposed presenting genistein as the future paradigm in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Tyagi
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Yo Han Song
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Ranjit De
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
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Chan MM, Chen R, Fong D. Targeting cancer stem cells with dietary phytochemical - Repositioned drug combinations. Cancer Lett 2018; 433:53-64. [PMID: 29960048 PMCID: PMC7117025 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is complex with the cancer stem cell (CSC) as a member within its community. This population possesses the capacity to self-renew and to cause cellular heterogeneity of the tumor. CSCs are resistant to conventional anti-proliferative drugs. In order to be curative, it is imperative that CSCs must be eliminated by cancer therapy. A variety of dietary phytochemicals and repositioned drugs can act synergistically with conventional anti-cancer agents. In this review, we advocate the development of a novel approach, namely combination therapy by incorporating both phytochemicals and repositioned drugs to target CSCs. We cover select dietary phytochemicals (curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, genistein) and repurposed drugs (metformin, niclosamide, thioridazine, chloroquine). Five of the eight (curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, genistein, metformin) are listed in “The Halifax Project”, that explores “the concept of a low-toxicity ‘broad-spectrum’ therapeutic approach that could simultaneously target many key pathways and mechanisms” [1]. For these compounds, we discuss their mechanisms of action, in which models their anti-CSC activities were identified, as well as advantages, challenges and potentials of combination therapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the culprits for cancer drug resistance and cancer relapse. Dietary phytochemicals (curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate) target CSCs. Repositioned drugs (metformin, niclosamide, thioridazine) target CSCs. Phytochemical-drug combinations targeting CSCs may exhibit synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Rensa Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Dunne Fong
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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127
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The multifaceted role of glutathione S-transferases in cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 433:33-42. [PMID: 29959055 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxifying enzymes involved in the maintenance of cell integrity, oxidative stress and protection against DNA damage by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione to a wide variety of electrophilic substrates. Though enzymes of the glutathione synthesis and salvage pathways have been well characterized in the past, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of their independent and coordinate regulatory mechanisms in carcinogenesis. The present review discusses implication of GST in cancer development and progression, gene polymorphism, drug resistance, signaling and epigenetic regulation involving their role in cancer. It is anticipated that GST especially the GSTP1 class can be developed as a biomarker either used alone or in combination with other biomarkers for early cancer detection and/or diagnosis as well as for future targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions with dietary agents.
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128
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Natural scaffolds in anticancer therapy and precision medicine. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1563-1585. [PMID: 29729870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of natural compounds is essential for their mechanism of action. The source, structures and structure activity relationship of natural compounds contributed to the development of new classes of chemotherapy agents for over 40 years. The availability of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening has fueled the challenge to identify novel compounds that mimic nature's chemistry and to predict their macromolecular targets. Combining conventional and targeted therapies helped to successfully overcome drug resistance and prolong disease-free survival. Here, we aim to provide an overview of preclinical investigated natural compounds alone and in combination to further improve personalization of cancer treatment.
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Natural Compounds as Epigenetic Regulators of Human Dendritic Cell-mediated Immune Function. J Immunother 2018; 41:169-180. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mirahmadi SMS, Shahmohammadi A, Rousta AM, Azadi MR, Fahanik-Babaei J, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Soy isoflavone genistein attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairments in the rat via exerting anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Cytokine 2018; 104:151-159. [PMID: 29102164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation during infectious disorders usually accompanies chronic complications including cognitive dysfunction. Neuroinflammation and cognitive deficit are also observed in some debilitating neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Genistein is a soy isoflavone with multiple beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and protective properties. In this research study, the effect of genistein in prevention of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive dysfunction was investigated. LPS was given i.p. (500 μg/kg/day) and genistein was orally given (10, 50, or 100 mg/kg) for one week. Findings showed that genistein could dose-dependently attenuate spatial recognition, discrimination, and memory deficits. Additionally, genistein treatment of LPS-challenged group lowered hippocampal level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and glutathione (GSH) level. Furthermore, genistein ameliorated hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in LPS-challenged rats. Furthermore, genistein administration to LPS-injected group lowered hippocampal level of interleukin 6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and increased hippocampal level of antioxidant element nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). In conclusion, genistein alleviated LPS-induced cognitive dysfunctions and neural inflammation attenuation of oxidative stress and AChE activity and appropriate modulation of Nrf2/NF-κB/IL-6/TNFα/COX2/iNOS/TLR4/GFAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Javad Fahanik-Babaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Malloy KM, Wang J, Clark LH, Fang Z, Sun W, Yin Y, Kong W, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. Novasoy and genistein inhibit endometrial cancer cell proliferation through disruption of the AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:784-795. [PMID: 29636868 PMCID: PMC5883119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excess estrogen states, such as those generated by obesity, have long been associated with the development of type I endometrial cancers. Epidemiological studies have linked consumption of isoflavones with a decreased incidence of endometrial malignancy. Thus, our goal was to assess the effect of the isoflavones, novasoy and genistein, on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) expression and the AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways in endometrial cancer cells. METHODS The endometrial cancer cell lines ECC-1 and RL-95-2 were used. Cell proliferation was assessed with MTT assay after exposure to novasoy and genistein at varying concentrations. Cell cycle progression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometery for annexin V expression and ELISA for caspase-3 activity. Expression of ERα, PR and hTERT mRNA were evaluated using real time RT-PCR. Western immunoblotting was performed to evaluate the effects of novasoy and genistein on the AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways. RESULTS Novasoy and genistein inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines through induction of cell cycle G2 arrest and apoptosis. Treatment with novasoy and genistein decreased hTERT expression in a dose-dependent manner. Genistein decreased ERα mRNA expression while increasing PR expression. Genistein induced phosphorylation of p42/44 in a dose dependent manner in both cell lines but reduced phosphorylation of S6 in only the RL-95-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Novasoy and genistein inhibited cell proliferation through varying pathways in different cell lines but included decreased ERα expression and subsequent alteration in the expression of proteins upstream and downstream of the AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways. Thus, isoflavones may be a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment and prevention of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Malloy
- Virginia Tech/Carilion Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyBlacksburg, VA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC. USA
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Leslie H Clark
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC. USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC. USA
| | - Ziwei Fang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC. USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC. USA
| | - Yajie Yin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC. USA
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC. USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC. USA
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC. USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC. USA
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Natural Products for the Management and Prevention of Breast Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8324696. [PMID: 29681985 PMCID: PMC5846366 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8324696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among all types of cancer, breast cancer is one of the most challenging diseases, which is responsible for a large number of cancer related deaths. Hormonal therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have been used as treatment of breast cancer, for a very long time. Due to severe side effects and multidrug resistance, these treatment approaches become increasingly ineffective. However, adoption of complementary treatment approach can be a big solution for this situation, as it is evident that compounds derived from natural source have a great deal of anticancer activity. Natural compounds can fight against aggressiveness of breast cancer, inhibit cancerous cell proliferation, and modulate cancer related pathways. A large number of research works are now focusing on the natural and dietary compounds and trying to find out new and more effective treatment strategies for the breast cancer patients. In this review, we discussed some significant natural chemical compounds with their mechanisms of actions, which can be very effective against the breast cancer and can be more potent by their proper modifications and further clinical research. Future research focusing on the natural anti-breast-cancer agents can open a new horizon in breast cancer treatment, which will play a great role in enhancing the survival rate of breast cancer patients.
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133
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Tsafa E, Al-Bahrani M, Bentayebi K, Przystal J, Suwan K, Hajitou A. The natural dietary genistein boosts bacteriophage-mediated cancer cell killing by improving phage-targeted tumor cell transduction. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52135-52149. [PMID: 27437775 PMCID: PMC5239540 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has long been regarded as a promising treatment for cancer. However, cancer gene therapy is still facing the challenge of targeting gene delivery vectors specifically to tumors when administered via clinically acceptable non-invasive systemic routes (i.e. intravenous). The bacteria virus, bacteriophage (phage), represents a new generation of promising vectors in systemic gene delivery since their targeting can be achieved through phage capsid display ligands, which enable them to home to specific tumor receptors without the need to ablate any native eukaryotic tropism. We have previously reported a tumor specific bacteriophage vector named adeno-associated virus/phage, or AAVP, in which gene expression is under a recombinant human rAAV2 virus genome targeted to tumors via a ligand-directed phage capsid. However, cancer gene therapy with this tumor-targeted vector achieved variable outcomes ranging from tumor regression to no effect in both experimental and natural preclinical models. Herein, we hypothesized that combining the natural dietary genistein, with proven anticancer activity, would improve bacteriophage anticancer safe therapy. We show that combination treatment with genistein and AAVP increased targeted cancer cell killing by AAVP carrying the gene for Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) in 2D tissue cultures and 3D tumor spheroids. We found this increased tumor cell killing was associated with enhanced AAVP-mediated gene expression. Next, we established that genistein protects AAVP against proteasome degradation and enhances vector genome accumulation in the nucleus. Combination of genistein and phage-guided virotherapy is a safe and promising strategy that should be considered in anticancer therapy with AAVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Tsafa
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam Al-Bahrani
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaoutar Bentayebi
- Biotechnology Laboratory (Medbiotech), Medical and Pharmacy School, University Mohammed V de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Justyna Przystal
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keittisak Suwan
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Phage Therapy Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
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134
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Rizzo G, Baroni L. Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E43. [PMID: 29304010 PMCID: PMC5793271 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy is a basic food ingredient of traditional Asian cuisine used for thousands of years. In Western countries, soybeans have been introduced about a hundred years ago and recently they are mainly used for surrogate foods production. Soy and soy foods are common nutritional solutions for vegetarians, due to their high protein content and versatility in the production of meat analogues and milk substitutes. However, there are some doubts about the potential effects on health, such as the effectiveness on cardiovascular risk reduction or, conversely, on the possible disruption of thyroid function and sexual hormones. The soy components that have stimulated the most research interest are isoflavones, which are polyphenols with estrogenic properties highly contained in soybeans. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of soy and soy foods, focusing on their nutrient content, including phytoestrogens and other bioactive substances that are noteworthy for vegetarians, the largest soy consumers in the Western countries. The safety of use will also be discussed, given the growing trend in adoption of vegetarian styles and the new soy-based foods availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
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135
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Patil VM, Masand N. Anticancer Potential of Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Future Perspectives. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64179-3.00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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136
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities of Genistein, Biochanin A, and Their Analogues. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/4032105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of naturally occurring genistein(3)and biochanin A(4)compounds and their analogues were synthesized from phloroglucinol. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were established by the combined use ofHNMR1,CNMR13, IR spectral data, and mass spectrometry; their antioxidant activities were investigated. Most of the synthesized compounds show moderate-to-high activity; only two compounds exhibit no significant activity.
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Sanaei M, Kavoosi F, Pourahmadi M, Moosavi SN. Effect of Genistein and 17-β Estradiol on the Viability and Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 cell line. Adv Biomed Res 2017; 6:163. [PMID: 29387674 PMCID: PMC5767799 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_53_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the most lethal cancers is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genistein (GE) is a choice compound for treatment of certain types of cancer. Phytoestrogens are plant derivatives that bear a structural similarity to 17-β estradiol (E2) and act in a similar manner. They are a group of lipophillic plant compounds with tumorigenic and antitumorigenic effects. E2 has stimulatory and inhibitory effects on cancer cell lines. This study was designed to investigate the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of GE and E2 on the HCC HepG2 cell line. Materials and Methods: HepG2 cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of GE and E2 and then 3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromideand flow cytometry assay were performed to determine cell viability and apoptosis. Results: GE and E2 induced apoptosis and inhibited cell growth significantly. Reduction of cell viability by 50% required 20 μM E2 for E2-treatment groups and 20 μMGE for GE-treatment groups. The percentage of the GE-treated apoptotic cells was reduced by about 35%, 42%, and 47% (P < 0.001) and that of E2-treated groups 34%, 39%, and 42% (P < 0.001) after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Conclusions: Our experimental work clearly demonstrated that GE and E2 exhibited significant antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on human HCC HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Sanaei
- Departments of Anatomical Sciences, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Fraidoon Kavoosi
- Departments of Anatomical Sciences, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pourahmadi
- Departments of Anatomical Sciences, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Seyede Nasibeh Moosavi
- Department of the Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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Honndorf VS, Wiehr S, Rolle AM, Schmitt J, Kreft L, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Kohlhofer U, Reischl G, Maurer A, Boldt K, Schwarz M, Schmidt H, Pichler BJ. Preclinical evaluation of the anti-tumor effects of the natural isoflavone genistein in two xenograft mouse models monitored by [18F]FDG, [18F]FLT, and [64Cu]NODAGA-cetuximab small animal PET. Oncotarget 2017; 7:28247-61. [PMID: 27070087 PMCID: PMC5053724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural phytoestrogen genistein is known as protein kinase inhibitor and tumor suppressor in various types of cancers. We studied its antitumor effect in two different xenograft models using positron emission tomography (PET) in vivo combined with ex vivo histology and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolic fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Honndorf
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiehr
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Rolle
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Schmitt
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Luisa Kreft
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Ursula Kohlhofer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Medical Proteome Center, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
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139
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Zhang MG, Lee JY, Gallo RA, Tao W, Tse D, Doddapaneni R, Pelaez D. Therapeutic targeting of oncogenic transcription factors by natural products in eye cancer. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:365-374. [PMID: 29203441 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis has a multifactorial etiology, and the underlying molecular pathogenesis is still not entirely understood, especially for eye cancers. Primary malignant intraocular neoplasms are relatively rare, but delayed detection and inappropriate management contribute to poor outcomes. Conventional treatment, such as orbital exenteration, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, alone results in high mortality for many of these malignancies. Recent sequential multimodal therapy with a combination of high-dose chemotherapy, followed by appropriate surgery, radiotherapy, and additional adjuvant chemotherapy has helped dramatically improve management. Transcription factors are proteins that regulate gene expression by modulating the synthesis of mRNA. Since transcription is a dominant control point in the production of many proteins, transcription factors represent key regulators for numerous cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, making them compelling targets for drug development. Natural compounds have been studied for their potential to be potent yet safe chemotherapeutic drugs. Since the ancient times, plant-derived bioactive molecules have been used to treat dreadful diseases like cancer, and several refined pharmaceutics have been developed from these compounds. Understanding targeting mechanisms of oncogenic transcription factors by natural products can add to our oncologic management toolbox. This review summarizes the current findings of natural products in targeting specific oncogenic transcription factors in various types of eye cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle G Zhang
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - John Y Lee
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ryan A Gallo
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Wensi Tao
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - David Tse
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ravi Doddapaneni
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Dr Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
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140
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Effects of nutraceuticals on anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 144:285-294. [PMID: 29197967 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive thyroid cancer with a high mortality rate. Since nutraceuticals may exert beneficial effects on tumor biology, here, effects of four of these compounds [resveratrol, genistein, curcumin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)] on ATC cell lines were investigated. METHODS Two ATC-derived cell lines were used: SW1736 and 8505C. Cell viability and in vitro aggressiveness was tested by MTT and soft agar assays. Apoptosis was investigated by Western Blot, using an anti-cleaved-PARP antibody. mRNA and miRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS All tested nutraceuticals caused in both cell lines decrease of cell viability and increase of apoptosis. In contrast, only curcumin reduced in vitro aggressiveness in both SW1736 and 8505C cell lines, while genistein and EGCG determined a reduction of colony formation only in 8505C cells. Effects on genes related to the thyroid-differentiated phenotype were also tested: resveratrol and genistein administration determined the increment of almost all tested mRNAs in both cell lines. Instead curcumin and EGCG treatments had opposite effects in the two cell lines, causing the increment of almost all the mRNAs in 8505C cells and their reduction in SW1736. Finally, effects of nutraceuticals on levels of several miRNAs, known as important in thyroid cancer progression (hsa-miR-221, hsa-miR-222, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-146b, hsa-miR-204), were tested. Curcumin induced a strong and significant reduction of all miR analyzed, except for has-miR-204, in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results clearly indicate the anti-cancer proprieties of curcumin, suggesting the promising use of this nutraceutical in ATC treatment. Resveratrol, genistein and EGCG have heterogeneous effects on molecular features of ATC cells.
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Ardito F, Pellegrino MR, Perrone D, Troiano G, Cocco A, Lo Muzio L. In vitro study on anti-cancer properties of genistein in tongue cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5405-5415. [PMID: 29180873 PMCID: PMC5692202 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s133632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tongue cancer is an extremely aggressive disease and is characterized by a poor prognosis. It is a complex disease to treat and current therapies have produced mediocre results with many side effects. Some facts suggest that natural essences can support traditional cancer therapy by carrying out a synergistic function with chemotherapy. Therefore, we evaluated the antitumor effects of genistein on tongue carcinoma cells. Methods Genistein 20, 50 and 100 µM were used for 24, 48 and 72 hours on 3 tongue carcinoma cell lines. xCELLigence system was used to evaluate the effects on cell adhesion, proliferation and to calculate IC50 values. Both MTT assay and Trypan blue assay were used to evaluate alterations in cell viability, scratch assay for cell migration and Western blot analysis for expression of some proteins. Results Cell adhesion was inhibited especially between 20 and 50 µM of genistein treatment. Proliferation was reduced by 50% for treatments with 20 µM at 24 hours, with 20 or 50 µM at 48 and 50 µM at 72 hours (P<0.0001). Viability tests confirmed a proportional reduction in concentration of genistein and duration of treatments. Even cell migration was reduced significantly (P<0.001). Genistein down-regulates vitronectin, OCT4 and survivin. Conclusion This in vitro study clarifies the anti-tumor effect of genistein on tongue carcinoma. In vivo studies are needed to confirm these data and develop a suitable delivery system that is capable of acting directly on tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ardito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario R Pellegrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Donatella Perrone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Armando Cocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
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142
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Natural Bioactive Compounds: Alternative Approach to the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9363040. [PMID: 29359162 PMCID: PMC5735581 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9363040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent, primary malignant brain tumor prevalent in humans. GBM characteristically exhibits aggressive cell proliferation and rapid invasion of normal brain tissue resulting in poor patient prognosis. The current standard of care of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide is not very effective. The inefficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents may be attributed to the challenges in drug delivery to the tumor. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the chemopreventive role of natural, dietary compounds in the development and progression of cancer. Many of these studies have reported the potential of using natural compounds in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a novel approach for the effective treatment of cancer. In this paper, we review the role of several natural compounds individually and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of GBM. We also assess the potential of drug delivery approaches such as the Gliadel wafers and role of nanomaterial based drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of GBM.
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143
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Lernoux M, Schnekenburger M, Dicato M, Diederich M. Anti-cancer effects of naturally derived compounds targeting histone deacetylase 6-related pathways. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:337-356. [PMID: 29133216 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the epigenetic machinery, affecting multiple biological functions, represent a major hallmark enabling the development of tumors. Among epigenetic regulatory proteins, histone deacetylase (HDAC)6 has emerged as an interesting potential therapeutic target towards a variety of diseases including cancer. Accordingly, this isoenzyme regulates many vital cellular regulatory processes and pathways essential to physiological homeostasis, as well as tumor multistep transformation involving initiation, promotion, progression and metastasis. In this review, we will consequently discuss the critical implications of HDAC6 in distinct mechanisms relevant to physiological and cancerous conditions, as well as the anticancer properties of synthetic, natural and natural-derived compounds through the modulation of HDAC6-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Lernoux
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, 9, Edward Steichen Street, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Schnekenburger
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, 9, Edward Steichen Street, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, 9, Edward Steichen Street, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, South Korea.
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144
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Lee K, Cho SG, Choi YK, Choi YJ, Lee GR, Jeon CY, Ko SG. Herbal prescription, Danggui-Sayuk-Ga-Osuyu-Senggang-Tang, inhibits TNF-α-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:373-380. [PMID: 29115450 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor‑α‑mediated (TNF‑α) epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with distant metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer with poor prognosis. Although traditional herbal medicines have long been used to treat colorectal cancer, the incidence and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer has continued to increase. Danggui‑Sayuk‑Ga‑Osuyu‑Saenggang‑Tang (DSGOST) has long been used for treatment of chills, while few studies have reported its anticancer effect. This study aimed to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of DSGOST on TNF‑α‑mediated invasion and migration of colorectal cancer HCT116 cell lines. MTT was used to measure cell viability. Wound healing and Τranswell invasion assay were used to detect migration and invasion of cells, respectively. The intracellular localization of proteins of interest was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression level of various proteins. A non‑toxic dose of DSGOST (50 µg/ml) on HCT116 cells was determined by MTT assay. Furthermore, DSGOST prevented the TNF‑α‑induced invasive phenotype in HCT116 cells. DSGOST inhibition of the invasive phenotype was also associated with increased expression of EMT markers. Furthermore, DSGOST treatment blocked TNF‑α‑induced migration and invasion of HCT116 cells. In addition, DSGOST treatment inhibited TNF‑α‑mediated nuclear translocation of Snail. DSGOST treatment also downregulated TNF‑α‑induced phosphorylation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase‑3β. Therefore, the findings of the current study suggest that DSGOST exhibits anti‑migration and anti‑invasion effects in TNF‑α‑treated HCT116 human colorectal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwook Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gook Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyung Choi
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Choi
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Ri Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yong Jeon
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
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145
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Geng XT, Tang JJ, Cheng KP, Fu YT, Hu R, Lu JR. Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of 3-amino-2-hydroxypropoxygenistein derivatives. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:871-880. [PMID: 29329615 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Soy isoflavones exhibit various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protective effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of sixteen synthesized 3-amino-2-hydroxypropoxy genistein derivatives on cell proliferation and activation of Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)/ARE (antioxidant response elements) pathway in human cancer cell lines. Most of the tested compounds exerted greater cytotoxic activity than genistein, as measured by MTT assay. Moreover, compound 8c showed the highest ARE-luciferase reporter activity among the test compounds. It strongly promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation and up-regulated the expression of total Nrf2 and downstream targets NQO-1 and HO-1 at protein level. The present study may provide a basis for the application of isoflavone derivatives as Nrf2/ARE pathway inducers for cancer therapy and cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Geng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing-Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natrual Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kun-Peng Cheng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Tao Fu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natrual Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jin-Rong Lu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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146
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Mechanism study of isoflavones as an anti-retinoblastoma progression agent. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88401-88409. [PMID: 29179444 PMCID: PMC5687614 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones, bioactive soy compounds, are known to exhibit anticancer activities. The present study investigated the anticancer activities of isoflavones on human retinoblastoma Y79 cells in vitro and in vivo. An MTT cell viability assay showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration value of isoflavones against human retinoblastoma Y79 cells is 1.23 ± 0.42 μmol/l. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that isoflavones blocked G1/S progression. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in Y79 cells was inhibited by isoflavones, with a concomitant decrease in cyclin E1, which accounted for the isoflavone-mediated G1 phase arrest. Isoflavones also inhibited human retinoblastoma growth in vivo; western blot analysis showed inhibition of mTOR and downregulation of cyclin E1 in an isoflavone-treated xenograft mouse model. Together, these results illustrate that isoflavones inhibit retinoblastoma tumour growth in vitro and vivo and that inactivation of the mTOR pathway and downregulation of cyclin E1 is involved in this action. The results of this study suggest that isoflavones could be tested as promising anti-retinoblastoma agent.
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147
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Nemoto K, Ramadan A, Arimura GI, Imai K, Tomii K, Shinozaki K, Sawasaki T. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the GARU E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes gibberellin signalling by preventing GID1 degradation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1004. [PMID: 29042542 PMCID: PMC5645313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) is a major hormone for plant growth and development. GA response is derived from the degradation of DELLA repressor proteins after GA-dependent complex formation of the GID1 GA receptor with DELLA. Genistein is a known tyrosine (Tyr) kinase inhibitor and inhibits DELLA degradation. However, the biological role of Tyr phosphorylation on the GA response remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that GARU (GA receptor RING E3 ubiquitin ligase) mediates ubiquitin-dependent degradation of GID1, and that the TAGK2 plant Tyr-kinase is a target of genistein and inhibits GARU–GID1A interactions by phosphorylation of GARU at Tyr321. Genistein induces degradation of GID1 and accumulation of DELLA. Conversely, Arabidopsis garu mutant and TAGK2-overexpressing plants accelerate GID1 stabilization and DELLA degradation. Under salt stress, GARU suppresses seed germination. We propose that GA response is negatively regulated by GARU-dependent GID1 ubiquitination and positively by Tyr phosphorylation of GARU by TAGK2, and genistein inhibits GA signaling by TAGK2 inhibition. Plants respond to gibberellins via GID1-dependent degradation of DELLA proteins. Here, Nemoto et al. show that the gibberellin response is positively regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of GARU, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates degradation of GID1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichirou Nemoto
- Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Abdelaziz Ramadan
- Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan.,Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Gen-Ichiro Arimura
- Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology, Department of Biological Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Imai
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC) and Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto Ward, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tomii
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC) and Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto Ward, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan.
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148
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Genistein inhibits the growth and regulates the migration and invasion abilities of melanoma cells via the FAK/paxillin and MAPK pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21674-21691. [PMID: 28423510 PMCID: PMC5400615 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein is one of the main components of soy-based foods, which are widely known for their many benefits, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastasis effects of genistein on B16F10 melanoma cells. Our results showed that genistein strongly inhibited B16F10 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Genistein altered the morphology of B16F10 cells to an elongated shape with slim pseudopodia-like protrusions. Moreover, genistein inhibited the invasion and migration abilities of B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. On one hand, a high concentration of genistein (100 μM) significantly inhibited cell adhesion and migration, as shown by wound healing assays and transwell-migration and invasion assays. Furthermore, the expression levels of p-FAK, p-paxillin, tensin-2, vinculin, and α-actinin were decreased by genistein. As a result, genistein is believed to strongly downregulate the migration and invasion abilities of B16F10 cells via the FAK/paxillin pathway. Moreover, p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK levels were also dramatically decreased by treatment with genistein. Finally, genistein significantly decreased the gene expression of FAK, paxillin, vimentin, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related transcription factor Snail, as shown by real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis. On the other hand, a lower concentration of genistein (12.5 μM) significantly promoted both invasion and migration by activating the FAK/paxillin and MAPK signaling cascades. Taken together, this study showed for the first time that genistein exerts dual functional effects on melanoma cells. Our findings suggest that genistein regulates the FAK/paxillin and MAPK signaling pathways in a highly concentration-dependent manner. Patients with melanoma should therefore be cautious of consuming soy-based foods in their diets.
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149
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Genistein affects proliferation and migration of bovine oviductal epithelial cells. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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150
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Campbell TC. Cancer Prevention and Treatment by Wholistic Nutrition. JOURNAL OF NATURE AND SCIENCE 2017; 3:e448. [PMID: 29057328 PMCID: PMC5646698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is traditionally considered a genetic disease. It starts with a gene mutation, often caused by environmental carcinogens that are enzymatically activated to metabolites that covalently bind to DNA. If these now-damaged carcinogen-DNA adducts are not repaired before the cell replicates, they result in a mutation, which is inherited by daughter cells and their subsequent progeny. Still more mutations are added that are thought to advance cellular independence, metastasis, and drug resistance, among other characteristics typically observed for advanced cancer. The stages of initiation, promotion and progression of cancer by mutations infer irreversibility because back mutations are exceedingly rare. Thus, treatment protocols typically are designed to remove or kill cancer cells by surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and/or radiotherapy. However, empirical evidence has existed to show a fundamentally different treatment option. For example, the promotion of cancer growth and development in laboratory animals initiated by a powerful mutagen/carcinogen can be repetitively turned on and off by non-mutagenic mechanisms, even completely, by modifying the consumption of protein at relevant levels of intake. Similar but less substantiated evidence also exists for other nutrients and other cancer types. This suggests that ultimate cancer development is primarily a nutrition-responsive disease rather than a genetic disease, with the understanding that nutrition is a comprehensive, wholistic biological effect that reflects the natural contents of nutrients and related substances in whole, intact food. This perspective sharply contrasts with the contemporary inference that nutrition is the summation of individual nutrients acting independently. The spelling of 'holism' with the 'w' is meant to emphasize the empirical basis for this function. The proposition that wholistic nutrition controls and even reverses disease development suggests that cancer may be treated by nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Colin Campbell
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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