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Fan KC, Patel NA, Yannuzzi NA, Prakhunhungsit S, Negron CI, Basora E, Colin AA, Tekin M, Berrocal AM. A unique case of vision loss in a patient with hypotrichosis and juvenile macular dystrophy and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019; 15:100486. [PMID: 31431935 PMCID: PMC6579934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2019.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We describe a unique case of CDH3-related hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy (HJMD) and DNAH5-related primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) with progressive vision loss in a young Indian female without positive family history. Both mutations in this patient have not been previously described in the literature. Observations An 11-year-old girl of Indian descent from a consanguineous family presented to our clinic with poor central visual acuity, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, hypotrichosis, and gradual hearing loss. Fundus examination was significant for atrophic retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) changes involving both the macula and periphery of both eyes with central foveal hypoautofluorescence. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated RPE loss and significant disruption of the ellipsoid layer in both eyes. Full-field electrophysiology tests on initial presentation demonstrated low cone amplitude reduced to <70% of normal range without prolongation. OCT angiography of the RPE and choriocapillaris demonstrated possible flow voids in the central macular region of both eyes. Genetic testing showed that the proband was homozygous for variants CDH3 c.1660A > C; p. Thr554Pro and DNAH5 c.6688-1G>T. Conclusion and Importance: We report two novel variants in the CDH3 and DNAH5 genes that are important for future mutational analysis of both HJMD and PCD respectively. A relationship between the cadherin protein dysfunction in CDH3 mutations and the ciliopathy of DNAH5 mutations has not been established. HJMD is known to cause a longitudinal deterioration of cone and rod mediated function, therefore recognizing the symptoms, visual impairment, physical examination, and photographic and electrophysiological findings is crucial in counseling the patient, the family, and fellow clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nimesh A Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nicolas A Yannuzzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Supalert Prakhunhungsit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Catherin I Negron
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Elisa Basora
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9063, USA
| | - Andrew A Colin
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Mustafa Tekin
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Audina M Berrocal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 900 NW 17th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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102
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Amirav I, Bozic A, Cohn RHE. Is it the "right" side? Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:675-677. [PMID: 30868759 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Amirav
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Aileen Bozic
- Department of Radiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ronly H-E Cohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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103
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Boucher
- From the Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
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104
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Liu C, Lv M, He X, Zhu Y, Amiri-Yekta A, Li W, Wu H, Kherraf ZE, Liu W, Zhang J, Tan Q, Tang S, Zhu YJ, Zhong Y, Li C, Tian S, Zhang Z, Jin L, Ray P, Zhang F, Cao Y. Homozygous mutations in SPEF2 induce multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella and male infertility. J Med Genet 2019; 57:31-37. [PMID: 31048344 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male infertility due to multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Previous studies revealed several MMAF-associated genes, which account for approximately 60% of human MMAF cases. The pathogenic mechanisms of MMAF remain to be illuminated. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted genetic analyses using whole-exome sequencing in 50 Han Chinese probands with MMAF. Two homozygous stop-gain variants (c.910C>T (p.Arg304*) and c.3400delA (p.Ile1134Serfs*13)) of the SPEF2 (sperm flagellar 2) gene were identified in two unrelated consanguineous families. Consistently, an Iranian subject from another cohort also carried a homozygous SPEF2 stop-gain variant (c.3240delT (p.Phe1080Leufs*2)). All these variants affected the long SPEF2 transcripts that are expressed in the testis and encode the IFT20 (intraflagellar transport 20) binding domain, important for sperm tail development. Notably, previous animal studies reported spontaneous mutations of SPEF2 causing sperm tail defects in bulls and pigs. Our further functional studies using immunofluorescence assays showed the absence or a remarkably reduced staining of SPEF2 and of the MMAF-associated CFAP69 protein in the spermatozoa from SPEF2-affected subjects. CONCLUSIONS We identified SPEF2 as a novel gene for human MMAF across the populations. Functional analyses suggested that the deficiency of SPEF2 in the mutated subjects could alter the localisation of other axonemal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingrong Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojin He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Amir Amiri-Yekta
- Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, UM GI-DPI, Grenoble, France.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Weiyu Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, China
| | - Zine-Eddine Kherraf
- Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, UM GI-DPI, Grenoble, France
| | - Wangjie Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Tan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, China
| | - Shuyan Tang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yading Zhong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Caihua Li
- Genesky Biotechnologies Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixiong Tian
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, China
| | - Li Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pierre Ray
- Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, UM GI-DPI, Grenoble, France
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, China
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105
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Lu H, Anujan P, Zhou F, Zhang Y, Chong YL, Bingle CD, Roy S. Mcidas mutant mice reveal a two-step process for the specification and differentiation of multiciliated cells in mammals. Development 2019; 146:146/6/dev172643. [PMID: 30877126 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Motile cilia on multiciliated cells (MCCs) function in fluid clearance over epithelia. Studies with Xenopus embryos and individuals with the congenital respiratory disorder reduced generation of multiple motile cilia (RGMC), have implicated the nuclear protein MCIDAS (MCI), in the transcriptional regulation of MCC specification and differentiation. Recently, a paralogous protein, geminin coiled-coil domain containing (GMNC), was also shown to be required for MCC formation. Surprisingly, in contrast to the presently held view, we find that Mci mutant mice can specify MCC precursors. However, these precursors cannot produce multiple basal bodies, and mature into single ciliated cells. We identify an essential role for MCI in inducing deuterosome pathway components for the production of multiple basal bodies. Moreover, GMNC and MCI associate differentially with the cell-cycle regulators E2F4 and E2F5, which enables them to activate distinct sets of target genes (ciliary transcription factor genes versus basal body amplification genes). Our data establish a previously unrecognized two-step model for MCC development: GMNC functions in the initial step for MCC precursor specification. GMNC induces Mci expression that drives the second step of basal body production for multiciliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673
| | - Priyanka Anujan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673.,Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Feng Zhou
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673
| | - Yiliu Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673
| | - Yan Ling Chong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673
| | - Colin D Bingle
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673 .,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119288.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
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106
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Marques MM, Villoch-Fernandez J, Maeso-Alonso L, Fuertes-Alvarez S, Marin MC. The Trp73 Mutant Mice: A Ciliopathy Model That Uncouples Ciliogenesis From Planar Cell Polarity. Front Genet 2019; 10:154. [PMID: 30930930 PMCID: PMC6428764 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p73 transcription factor belongs to one of the most important gene families in vertebrate biology, the p53-family. Trp73 gene, like the other family members, generates multiple isoforms named TA and DNp73, with different and, sometimes, antagonist functions. Although p73 shares many biological functions with p53, it also plays distinct roles during development. Trp73 null mice (p73KO from now on) show multiple phenotypes as gastrointestinal and cranial hemorrhages, rhinitis and severe central nervous system defects. Several groups, including ours, have revisited the apparently unrelated phenotypes observed in total p73KO and revealed a novel p73 function in the organization of ciliated epithelia in brain and trachea, but also an essential role as regulator of ependymal planar cell polarity. Unlike p73KO or TAp73KO mice, tumor-prone Trp53−/− mice (p53KO) do not present ependymal ciliary or planar cell polarity defects, indicating that regulation of ciliogenesis and PCP is a p73-specific function. Thus, loss of ciliary biogenesis and epithelial organization might be a common underlying cause of the diverse p73KO-phenotypes, highlighting Trp73 role as an architect of the epithelial tissue. In this review we would like to discuss the data regarding p73 role as regulator of ependymal cell ciliogenesis and PCP, supporting the view of the Trp73-mutant mice as a model that uncouples ciliogenesis from PCP and a possible model of human congenital hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita M Marques
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Javier Villoch-Fernandez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Sandra Fuertes-Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Diseño de Modelos Celulares, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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107
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Wheway G, Mitchison HM. Opportunities and Challenges for Molecular Understanding of Ciliopathies-The 100,000 Genomes Project. Front Genet 2019; 10:127. [PMID: 30915099 PMCID: PMC6421331 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are highly specialized cellular organelles that serve multiple functions in human development and health. Their central importance in the body is demonstrated by the occurrence of a diverse range of developmental disorders that arise from defects of cilia structure and function, caused by a range of different inherited mutations found in more than 150 different genes. Genetic analysis has rapidly advanced our understanding of the cell biological basis of ciliopathies over the past two decades, with more recent technological advances in genomics rapidly accelerating this progress. The 100,000 Genomes Project was launched in 2012 in the UK to improve diagnosis and future care for individuals affected by rare diseases like ciliopathies, through whole genome sequencing (WGS). In this review we discuss the potential promise and medical impact of WGS for ciliopathies and report on current progress of the 100,000 Genomes Project, reviewing the medical, technical and ethical challenges and opportunities that new, large scale initiatives such as this can offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wheway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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108
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Price ME, Sisson JH. Redox regulation of motile cilia in airway disease. Redox Biol 2019; 27:101146. [PMID: 30833143 PMCID: PMC6859573 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia on airway cells are necessary for clearance of mucus-trapped particles out of the lung. Ciliated airway epithelial cells are uniquely exposed to oxidants through trapping of particles, debris and pathogens in mucus and the direct exposure to inhaled oxidant gases. Dynein ATPases, the motors driving ciliary motility, are sensitive to the local redox environment within each cilium. Several redox-sensitive cilia-localized proteins modulate dynein activity and include Protein Kinase A, Protein Kinase C, and Protein Phosphatase 1. Moreover, cilia are rich in known redox regulatory proteins and thioredoxin domain-containing proteins that are critical in maintaining a balanced redox environment. Importantly, a nonsense mutation in TXNDC3, which contains a thioredoxin motif, has recently been identified as disease-causing in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, a hereditary motile cilia disease resulting in impaired mucociliary clearance. Here we review current understanding of the role(s) oxidant species play in modifying airway ciliary function. We focus on oxidants generated in the airways, cilia redox targets that modulate ciliary beating and imbalances in redox state that impact health and disease. Finally, we review disease models such as smoking, asthma, alcohol drinking, and infections as well as the direct application of oxidants that implicate redox balance as a modulator of cilia motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Price
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Joseph H Sisson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
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109
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Holgersen MG, Marthin JK, Nielsen KG. Proof of Concept: Very Rapid Tidal Breathing Nasal Nitric Oxide Sampling Discriminates Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia from Healthy Subjects. Lung 2019; 197:209-216. [PMID: 30762092 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-019-00202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is extremely low in individuals with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and is recommended as part of early workup. We investigated whether tidal breathing sampling for a few seconds was as discriminative between PCD and healthy controls (HC) as conventional tidal breathing sampling (cTB-nNO) for 20-30 s. METHODS We performed very rapid sampling of tidal breathing (vrTB-nNO) for 2, 4 and 6 s, respectively. Vacuum sampling with applied negative pressure (vrTB-nNOvac; negative pressure was applied by pinching the sampling tube) for < 2 s resulted in enhanced suction of nasal air during measurement. Feasibility, success rate, discriminatory capacity, repeatability and agreement were assessed for all four sampling modalities. RESULTS We included 13 patients with PCD, median (IQR) age of 21.8 (12.2-27.7) years and 17 HC, 25.3 (14.5-33.4) years. Measurements were highly feasible (96.7% success rate). Measured NO values with vrTB-nNO modalities differed significantly from TB-nNO measurements (HC: p < 0.001, PCD: p < 0.05). All modalities showed excellent discrimination. The vacuum method gave remarkably high values of nNO in both groups (1865 vs. 86 ppb), but retained excellent discrimination. vrTB-nNO4sec, vrTB-nNO6sec and vrTB-nNOvac showed identical specificity to cTB-nNO (all: 1.0, 95% CI 0.77-1.0). CONCLUSION vrTB-nNO sampling requires only a few seconds of probe-in-nose time, is feasible, and provides excellent discrimination between PCD and HC. Rapid TB-nNO sampling needs standardisation and further investigations in infants, young children and patients referred for PCD workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias G Holgersen
- Danish PCD & chILD Centre, CF Centre Copenhagen, Paediatric Pulmonary Service, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - June K Marthin
- Danish PCD & chILD Centre, CF Centre Copenhagen, Paediatric Pulmonary Service, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim G Nielsen
- Danish PCD & chILD Centre, CF Centre Copenhagen, Paediatric Pulmonary Service, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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110
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Lack of GAS2L2 Causes PCD by Impairing Cilia Orientation and Mucociliary Clearance. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:229-245. [PMID: 30665704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder in which impaired ciliary function leads to chronic airway disease. Exome sequencing of a PCD subject identified an apparent homozygous frameshift variant, c.887_890delTAAG (p.Val296Glyfs∗13), in exon 5; this frameshift introduces a stop codon in amino acid 308 of the growth arrest-specific protein 2-like 2 (GAS2L2). Further genetic screening of unrelated PCD subjects identified a second proband with a compound heterozygous variant carrying the identical frameshift variant and a large deletion (c.867_∗343+1207del; p.?) starting in exon 5. Both individuals had clinical features of PCD but normal ciliary axoneme structure. In this research, using human nasal cells, mouse models, and X.laevis embryos, we show that GAS2L2 is abundant at the apical surface of ciliated cells, where it localizes with basal bodies, basal feet, rootlets, and actin filaments. Cultured GAS2L2-deficient nasal epithelial cells from one of the affected individuals showed defects in ciliary orientation and had an asynchronous and hyperkinetic (GAS2L2-deficient = 19.8 Hz versus control = 15.8 Hz) ciliary-beat pattern. These results were recapitulated in Gas2l2-/- mouse tracheal epithelial cell (mTEC) cultures and in X. laevis embryos treated with Gas2l2 morpholinos. In mice, the absence of Gas2l2 caused neonatal death, and the conditional deletion of Gas2l2 impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) and led to mucus accumulation. These results show that a pathogenic variant in GAS2L2 causes a genetic defect in ciliary orientation and impairs MCC and results in PCD.
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111
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Lorès P, Coutton C, El Khouri E, Stouvenel L, Givelet M, Thomas L, Rode B, Schmitt A, Louis B, Sakheli Z, Chaudhry M, Fernandez-Gonzales A, Mitsialis A, Dacheux D, Wolf JP, Papon JF, Gacon G, Escudier E, Arnoult C, Bonhivers M, Savinov SN, Amselem S, Ray PF, Dulioust E, Touré A. Homozygous missense mutation L673P in adenylate kinase 7 (AK7) leads to primary male infertility and multiple morphological anomalies of the flagella but not to primary ciliary dyskinesia. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1196-1211. [PMID: 29365104 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia and sperm flagella share an extremely conserved microtubule-based cytoskeleton, called the axoneme, which sustains beating and motility of both organelles. Ultra-structural and/or functional defects of this axoneme are well-known to cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a disorder characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections, chronic otitis media, situs inversus, male infertility and in most severe cases, hydrocephalus. Only recently, mutations in genes encoding axonemal proteins with preferential expression in the testis were identified in isolated male infertility; in those cases, individuals displayed severe asthenozoospermia due to Multiple Morphological Abnormalities of the sperm Flagella (MMAF) but not PCD features. In this study, we performed genetic investigation of two siblings presenting MMAF without any respiratory PCD features, and we report the identification of the c.2018T > G (p.Leu673Pro) transversion in AK7, encoding an adenylate kinase, expressed in ciliated tissues and testis. By performing transcript and protein analyses of biological samples from individual carrying the transversion, we demonstrate that this mutation leads to the loss of AK7 protein in sperm cells but not in respiratory ciliated cells, although both cell types carry the mutated transcript and no tissue-specific isoforms were detected. This work therefore, supports the notion that proteins shared by both cilia and sperm flagella may have specific properties and/or function in each organelle, in line with the differences in their mode of assembly and organization. Overall, this work identifies a novel genetic cause of asthenozoospermia due to MMAF and suggests that in humans, more deleterious mutations of AK7 might induce PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lorès
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Charles Coutton
- Institut for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, UM de Génétique Chromosomique, Grenoble, France
| | - Elma El Khouri
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Laurence Stouvenel
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Maëlle Givelet
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Lucie Thomas
- INSERM UMR S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Paris 75012, France
| | - Baptiste Rode
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Equipe 13, INSERM UMR S955, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, CNRS ERL7240, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Zeinab Sakheli
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Marhaba Chaudhry
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | | | - Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Denis Dacheux
- Université de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, CNRS UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France.,Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, UMR-CNRS 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Wolf
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France.,Laboratoire d'Histologie Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction, GH Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75014, France
| | - Jean-François Papon
- Equipe 13, INSERM UMR S955, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, CNRS ERL7240, Créteil 94000, France.,Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Maxillo-Faciale, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94275, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, France
| | - Gérard Gacon
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
| | - Estelle Escudier
- INSERM UMR S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Paris 75012, France.,Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie Médicales, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France
| | - Christophe Arnoult
- Institut for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mélanie Bonhivers
- Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, UMR-CNRS 5234, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,Laboratoire d'Histologie Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction, GH Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75014, France
| | - Sergey N Savinov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Serge Amselem
- INSERM UMR S933, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Paris 75012, France.,Service de Génétique et d'Embryologie Médicales, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75012, France
| | - Pierre F Ray
- Institut for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, UM GI-DPI, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Emmanuel Dulioust
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France.,Laboratoire d'Histologie Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction, GH Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 75014, France
| | - Aminata Touré
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Paris 75014, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75014, France
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Motile cilia of the male reproductive system require miR-34/miR-449 for development and function to generate luminal turbulence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3584-3593. [PMID: 30659149 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817018116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are cell-surface, microtubule-based organelles that project into extracellular space. Motile cilia are conserved throughout eukaryotes, and their beat induces the flow of fluid, relative to cell surfaces. In mammals, the coordinated beat of motile cilia provides highly specialized functions associated with the movement of luminal contents, as seen with metachronal waves transporting mucus in the respiratory tract. Motile cilia are also present in the male and female reproductive tracts. In the female, wave-like motions of oviductal cilia transport oocytes and embryos toward the uterus. A similar function has been assumed for motile cilia in efferent ductules of the male-i.e., to transport immotile sperm from rete testis into the epididymis. However, we report here that efferent ductal cilia in the male do not display a uniform wave-like beat to transport sperm solely in one direction, but rather exert a centripetal force on luminal fluids through whip-like beating with continual changes in direction, generating turbulence, which maintains immotile spermatozoa in suspension within the lumen. Genetic ablation of two miRNA clusters (miR-34b/c and -449a/b/c) led to failure in multiciliogenesis in murine efferent ductules due to dysregulation of numerous genes, and this mouse model allowed us to demonstrate that loss of efferent duct motile cilia causes sperm aggregation and agglutination, luminal obstruction, and sperm granulomas, which, in turn, induce back-pressure atrophy of the testis and ultimately male infertility.
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113
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Davis SD, Rosenfeld M, Lee HS, Ferkol TW, Sagel SD, Dell SD, Milla C, Pittman JE, Shapiro AJ, Sullivan KM, Nykamp KR, Krischer JP, Zariwala MA, Knowles MR, Leigh MW. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: Longitudinal Study of Lung Disease by Ultrastructure Defect and Genotype. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:190-198. [PMID: 30067075 PMCID: PMC6353004 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201803-0548oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE In primary ciliary dyskinesia, factors leading to disease heterogeneity are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To describe early lung disease progression in primary ciliary dyskinesia and identify associations between ultrastructural defects and genotypes with clinical phenotype. METHODS This was a prospective, longitudinal (5 yr), multicenter, observational study. Inclusion criteria were less than 19 years at enrollment and greater than or equal to two annual study visits. Linear mixed effects models including random slope and random intercept were used to evaluate longitudinal associations between the ciliary defect group (or genotype group) and clinical features (percent predicted FEV1 and weight and height z-scores). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 137 participants completed 732 visits. The group with absent inner dynein arm, central apparatus defects, and microtubular disorganization (IDA/CA/MTD) (n = 41) were significantly younger at diagnosis and in mixed effects models had significantly lower percent predicted FEV1 and weight and height z-scores than the isolated outer dynein arm defect (n = 55) group. Participants with CCDC39 or CCDC40 mutations (n = 34) had lower percent predicted FEV1 and weight and height z-scores than those with DNAH5 mutations (n = 36). For the entire cohort, percent predicted FEV1 decline was heterogeneous with a mean (SE) decline of 0.57 (0.25) percent predicted/yr. Rate of decline was different from zero only in the IDA/MTD/CA group (mean [SE], -1.11 [0.48] percent predicted/yr; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Participants with IDA/MTD/CA defects, which included individuals with CCDC39 or CCDC40 mutations, had worse lung function and growth indices compared with those with outer dynein arm defects and DNAH5 mutations, respectively. The only group with a significant lung function decline over time were participants with IDA/MTD/CA defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D. Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Children’s Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Margaret Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hye-Seung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Thomas W. Ferkol
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Scott D. Sagel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sharon D. Dell
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos Milla
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jessica E. Pittman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Adam J. Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jeffrey P. Krischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | - Margaret W. Leigh
- Department of Pediatrics, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - the Genetic Disorders of Mucociliary Clearance Consortium
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Children’s Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology/Lab Medicine, and
- Department of Pediatrics, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
- Invitae, San Francisco, California
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114
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Sanders CD, Leigh MW, Chao KC, Weck KE, King I, Wolf WE, Campbell DJ, Knowles MR, Zariwala MA, Shapiro AJ. The prevalence of the defining features of primary ciliary dyskinesia within a cri du chat syndrome cohort. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:1565-1573. [PMID: 30238669 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and cri du chat syndrome (CdCS) are distinct disorders that can co-occur due to a common genetic locus on chromosome 5p. Chronic respiratory symptoms associated with PCD can occur in CdCS and are typically attributed to hypotonia, dysphagia, and aspiration. The prevalence of PCD among individuals with CdCS is not known. METHODS An online survey assessing common features of PCD was distributed to members of the 5P Minus Society, a cri du chat patient advocacy group. Respondents who met criteria for elevated risk of PCD (at least 3 symptoms or other features highly suggestive of PCD) were offered PCD genetic testing. RESULTS For the 123 respondents (median age 10.1 years with IQR 5.5-17.3 years; from 33 U.S. states and 10 other countries) chronic respiratory symptoms associated with PCD were prevalent, including unexplained neonatal respiratory distress, year-round nasal congestion beginning in infancy, and year-round, wet cough beginning in infancy in 35%, 32%, and 20% of respondents, respectively. Fifteen respondents (12%) met criteria for elevated risk for PCD and completed genetic analysis; however, none were diagnostic for PCD. A PCD clinical center evaluated an additional subject with CdCS who met criteria for likely PCD and had negative genetics, but had diagnostic electron microscopy of the respiratory cilia (missing outer dynein arms). CONCLUSION Clinicians should be aware of the genetic connection between CdCS and PCD. Non-informative genetic testing does not rule out PCD. CdCS patients with chronic respiratory symptoms may benefit from referral to specialized PCD diagnostic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Margaret W Leigh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kay C Chao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karen E Weck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ian King
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Whitney E Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dennis J Campbell
- Department of Leadership and Teacher Education, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Michael R Knowles
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Maimoona A Zariwala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adam J Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec
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115
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Robinson P. Never too old for an inherited condition. Intern Med J 2018; 48:1252-1254. [PMID: 30288904 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is an uncommon, inherited condition causing progressive suppurative airway lung disease with subsequent bronchiectasis, chronic rhinitis-sinusitis, deafness and reduced fertility. Diagnosis is often delayed by lack of awareness of the condition in the medical community and limited access to the few centres in Australia able to do full diagnostic testing. This report details the late diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia in two adults who have had long-standing interactions with medical services but in whom the diagnosis was never considered or even dismissed. Greater awareness of the condition will reduce time to diagnosis, prevent administration of ineffective therapy and allow earlier institution of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Robinson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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116
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Auguste Y, Delague V, Desvignes JP, Longepied G, Gnisci A, Besnier P, Levy N, Beroud C, Megarbane A, Metzler-Guillemain C, Mitchell MJ. Loss of Calmodulin- and Radial-Spoke-Associated Complex Protein CFAP251 Leads to Immotile Spermatozoa Lacking Mitochondria and Infertility in Men. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:413-420. [PMID: 30122541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagella and motile cilia share a 9 + 2 microtubule-doublet axoneme structure, and asthenozoospermia (reduced spermatozoa motility) is found in 76% of men with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Nevertheless, causal genetic variants in a conserved axonemal component have been found in cases of isolated asthenozoospermia: 30% of men with multiple morphological anomalies of sperm flagella (MMAF) carry bi-allelic mutations in DNAH1, encoding one of the seven inner-arm dynein heavy chains of the 9 + 2 axoneme. To further understand the basis for isolated asthenozoospermia, we used whole-exome and Sanger sequencing to study two brothers and two independent men with MMAF. In three men, we found bi-allelic loss-of-function mutations in WDR66, encoding cilia- and flagella-associated protein 251 (CFAP251): the two brothers were homozygous for the frameshift chr12: g.122359334delA (p.Asp42Metfs∗4), and the third individual was compound heterozygous for chr12: g.122359542G>T (p.Glu111∗) and chr12: g.122395032_122395033delCT (p.Leu530Valfs∗4). We show that CFAP251 is normally located along the flagellum but is absent in men carrying WDR66 mutations and reveal a spermatozoa-specific isoform probably generated during spermatozoon maturation. CFAP251 is a component of the calmodulin- and radial-spoke- associated complex, located adjacent to DNAH1, on the inner surface of the peripheral microtubule doublets of the axoneme. In Tetrahymena, the CFAP251 ortholog is necessary for efficient coordinated ciliary beating. Using immunofluorescent and transmission electron microscopy, we provide evidence that loss of CFAP251 affects the formation of the mitochondrial sheath. We propose that CFAP251 plays a structural role during biogenesis of the spermatozoon flagellum in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Auguste
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, U 1251, Marseille, France
| | - Valérie Delague
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, U 1251, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Desvignes
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, U 1251, Marseille, France
| | - Guy Longepied
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, U 1251, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Gnisci
- AP-HM Hôpital de La Conception, Centre Clinico-Biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, Centre de Conservation des Œufs et du Sperme Humain, Pôle Femmes-Parents-Enfants, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Pierre Besnier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, UF7740, Nice 06202, France
| | - Nicolas Levy
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, U 1251, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Beroud
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, U 1251, Marseille, France
| | | | - Catherine Metzler-Guillemain
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, U 1251, Marseille, France; AP-HM Hôpital de La Conception, Centre Clinico-Biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, Centre de Conservation des Œufs et du Sperme Humain, Pôle Femmes-Parents-Enfants, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, U 1251, Marseille, France.
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117
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Kempeneers C, Chilvers MA. To beat, or not to beat, that is question! The spectrum of ciliopathies. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:1122-1129. [PMID: 29938933 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are widely distributed throughout the human body, and have numerous roles in physiology, development, and disease. Ciliary ultrastructure is complex, consisting of nine parallel microtubules doublets, with or without motor dynein arms and a central pair of microtubules. Classification of cilia has evolved over time, and currently, four main classes are described: motile and non-motile cilia with a "9 + 2" structure, and motile and non-motile cilia with a "9 + 0" structure, which depend on the presence or absence of dynein arms and a central pair. Ciliopathies are inherited multisystem disorders of cilia, and may present with a varied spectrum of genotypes and phenotypes. Motor and sensory ciliopathies were historically considered as distinct dysfunctions of motile and non-motile cilia, but recent data indicate that the classical features of motor and sensory cilia may overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Kempeneers
- Pediatric Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mark A Chilvers
- Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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118
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Gómez-Correa SV, Ruiz-Ángel ID, Salazar-Díaz LC. Kartagener syndrome, current data on a classical disease. Case report. CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.15446/cr.v4n2.69756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. El presente artículo aborda los aspectos generales (fisiopatología, embriología, presentación clínica y pronóstico) del síndrome de Kartagener (SK). Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 26 años, con antecedente de sinusitis complicada con absceso cerebral y epilepsia secundaria, quien consulta al Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia por cefalea, fiebre y expectoración mucosa. La presencia de situs inverso, sinusitis crónica y bronquiectasias sugieren diagnóstico de discinesia ciliar primaria y SK. Discusión. Los diagnósticos diferenciales del SK deben enmarcarse en la relación de causalidad posible con la discinesia ciliar primaria y de otros diagnósticos asociados a disfunción ciliar secundaria como fibrosis quística, inmunodeficiencia y condiciones anatómicas-funcionales con compromiso rinosenopulmonar. La sospecha clínica del SK se da cuando se ausculta el corazón a la derecha y se palpa el hígado a la izquierda. Su confirmación es mediante métodos de imagen que comprueban la heterotaxia visceral, por métodos indirectos de mal funcionamiento del barrido ciliar (óxido nítrico nasal, video microscopia) y por biopsia ciliar que demuestra el defecto de la ultraestructura ciliar. Conclusiones. El compromiso infeccioso respiratorio presentado por los pacientes que cursan con SK se explica por la alteración en la cilia, que conlleva tanto a la malposición de algunos órganos como a la alteración estructural y funcional de otros. Se detallan los hallazgos en las imágenes diagnósticas, se explican las alteraciones anatómicas, las bases moleculares y la relación con enfermedades respiratorias del síndrome.
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119
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Kurtz JD, Boucek K, Kavarana M, Atz AM. Two Brothers With Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2018; 11:NP155-NP157. [PMID: 29848184 DOI: 10.1177/2150135118768718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) is a common cause of cyanotic heart disease in neonates. Current thought is d-TGA is a sporadic occurrence in families with an unclear etiology. We describe a case of brothers with d-TGA. Genetic testing revealed that both are heterozygous for two gene variations that are associated with congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Kurtz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Both the authors have equal contribution to this publication
| | - Katerina Boucek
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Both the authors have equal contribution to this publication
| | - Minoo Kavarana
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew M Atz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Hunter EL, Lechtreck K, Fu G, Hwang J, Lin H, Gokhale A, Alford LM, Lewis B, Yamamoto R, Kamiya R, Yang F, Nicastro D, Dutcher SK, Wirschell M, Sale WS. The IDA3 adapter, required for intraflagellar transport of I1 dynein, is regulated by ciliary length. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:886-896. [PMID: 29467251 PMCID: PMC5896928 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-12-0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined how the ciliary motor I1 dynein is transported. A specialized adapter, IDA3, facilitates I1 dynein attachment to the ciliary transporter called intraflagellar transport (IFT). Loading of IDA3 and I1 dynein on IFT is regulated by ciliary length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Hunter
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Karl Lechtreck
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Gang Fu
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Juyeon Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Huawen Lin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Lea M. Alford
- Department of Biology, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, GA 30319
| | - Brian Lewis
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ryosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ritsu Kamiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Daniela Nicastro
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Susan K. Dutcher
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Maureen Wirschell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
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121
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Krausz C, Cioppi F, Riera-Escamilla A. Testing for genetic contributions to infertility: potential clinical impact. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018. [PMID: 29540081 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1453358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Male infertility affects about 7% of the general male population, and it is a multifactorial, polygenic pathological condition. Known genetic factors, accounting for about 20-25% of male factor infertility, are present in each etiological category: i) hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction; ii) quantitative and qualitative alterations of spermatogenesis; iii) ductal obstruction/dysfunction. Areas covered: All routinely available genetic tests are described. Indication for testing for chromosomal anomalies and Y chromosome microdeletions is based on sperm count (severe oligozoospermia/azoospermia). Mutation screening in candidate genes is indicated in specific semen/testis phenotypes. In about 40% of infertile patients, the aetiology remains unknown ('idiopathic cases') and whole exome sequencing may reveal novel genetic causes. Expert commentary: Genetic testing is essential for its relevance in clinical decision-making. For instance, it helps to avoid unnecessary surgical or medical treatments and it may provide prediction for testicular sperm retrieval. The highest frequency of genetic anomalies is observed in severe spermatogenic impairment, which can be treated with in vitro fertilization (IVF). Given the risk of transmitting genetic disorders to the future offspring through IVF, the diagnosis of known and the discovery of novel genetic factors in idiopathic infertility is of outmost clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Krausz
- a Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Francesca Cioppi
- a Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Antoni Riera-Escamilla
- b Andrology Department , Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) , Barcelona , Spain
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122
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Peabody JE, Shei RJ, Bermingham BM, Phillips SE, Turner B, Rowe SM, Solomon GM. Seeing cilia: imaging modalities for ciliary motion and clinical connections. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L909-L921. [PMID: 29493257 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00556.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is lined with multiciliated epithelial cells that function to move mucus and trapped particles via the mucociliary transport apparatus. Genetic and acquired ciliopathies result in diminished mucociliary clearance, contributing to disease pathogenesis. Recent innovations in imaging technology have advanced our understanding of ciliary motion in health and disease states. Application of imaging modalities including transmission electron microscopy, high-speed video microscopy, and micron-optical coherence tomography could improve diagnostics and be applied for precision medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of ciliary motion, imaging modalities, and ciliopathic diseases of the respiratory system including primary ciliary dyskinesia, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacelyn E Peabody
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ren-Jay Shei
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Scott E Phillips
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Brett Turner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama.,Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - George M Solomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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123
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Matsuyama M, Martins AJ, Shallom S, Kamenyeva O, Kashyap A, Sampaio EP, Kabat J, Olivier KN, Zelazny AM, Tsang JS, Holland SM. Transcriptional Response of Respiratory Epithelium to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:241-252. [PMID: 28915071 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0218oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is increasing, but host responses in respiratory epithelium infected with NTM are not fully understood. In this work, we aimed to identify infection-relevant gene expression signatures of NTM infection of the respiratory epithelium. We infected air-liquid interface (ALI) primary respiratory epithelial cell cultures with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAC) or Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (MAB). We used cells from four different donors to obtain generalizable data. Differentiated respiratory epithelial cells at the ALI were infected with MAC or MAB at a multiplicity of infection of 100:1 or 1,000:1, and RNA sequencing was performed at Days 1 and 3 after infection. In response to infection, we found down-regulation of ciliary genes but upregulation of genes associated with cytokines/chemokines, such as IL-32, and cholesterol biosynthesis. Inflammatory response genes tended to be more upregulated by MAB than by MAC infection. Primary respiratory epithelial cell infection with NTM at the ALI identified ciliary function, cholesterol biosynthesis, and cytokine/chemokine production as major host responses to infection. Some of these pathways may be amenable to therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Martins
- 2 Systems Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, and
| | - Shamira Shallom
- 3 Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- 4 Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Juraj Kabat
- 4 Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth N Olivier
- 5 Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adrian M Zelazny
- 3 Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - John S Tsang
- 2 Systems Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, and
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124
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Retinal pigment epithelium changes in Kartagener syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018; 10:119-121. [PMID: 29511746 PMCID: PMC5834646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We present the first case in the literature of a patient with Kartagener syndrome and ocular findings of nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. Observations A 55-year-old woman with Kartagener syndrome and chronic angle closure glaucoma presented for evaluation of the retina. Optos ultra-widefield imaging of the fundus showed glaucomatous cupping, drusen, and retinal pigment epithelium changes within the macular region. Humphrey visual field testing confirmed glaucomatous changes. Drusenoid pigment epithelial detachments were observed bilaterally with optical coherence tomography. Conclusions and importance We hypothesize that in addition to the lungs, spermatozoa and the Fallopian tubes, the retinal pigment epithelium may also be affected by ciliary dysfunction in individuals with Kartagener syndrome. Given recent advances in our knowledge of retinal ciliopathies, further studies are needed to understand how ciliary dysfunction affects the retina in Kartagener syndrome.
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125
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Rodriguez K, Gaston B, Wasman J, Marozkina N. Lessons From Unilateral Loss of Cilia: Early Nasal Nitric Oxide Gas Mixing and the Role of Sinus Patency in Determining Nasal Nitric Oxide. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT 2017; 10:1179550617746361. [PMID: 29276419 PMCID: PMC5734436 DOI: 10.1177/1179550617746361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) measurement is a diagnostic test for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Here, we have shown the development of unilateral PCD-like symptoms associated with low nNO. A 60-year-old man had been previously healthy but developed unilateral, severe pansinusitis. He required surgical drainage of all left sinuses, and biopsies showed loss of the ciliated epithelium. At 4 weeks, he had unilateral (left-sided), profuse, clear rhinorrhea characteristic of PCD, and his surgical ostia were all patent endoscopically. His left-sided nNO was less than the right side by 37 ± 1.2 nL/min; this difference decreased to 18 ± 0.87 nL/min at 5 weeks and was gone by 6 weeks when his symptoms resolved. Measurements of 2- and 10-second measurements, in addition to standard nNO measurements, identified this discordance. We conclude that nNO reflects, in part, the production of NO by the ciliated epithelium, not just in the absence or occlusion of sinuses. Early (nasal/sinus volume) measures may be better for diagnosing PCD in than standard, steady-state assays in certain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Rodriguez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, Immunology and Sleep Medicine, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jay Wasman
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nadzeya Marozkina
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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126
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Yao Y, Shen K. Monogenic diseases in respiratory medicine: Clinical perspectives. Pediatr Investig 2017; 1:27-31. [PMID: 32851215 PMCID: PMC7331330 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing awareness of genetics in respiratory medicine and improvements in molecular diagnostic techniques, many complicated and rare diseases in respiratory medicine can be diagnosed. Most respiratory diseases have no specific phenotype. However, the clinical spectrum of monogenic diseases in respiratory medicine varies, from pulmonary disease to other inherited disorders that involve the lung. The genes that mediate some of these diseases have been identified. Certain monogenic diseases remain poorly characterized clinically. Because of the specificity of the phenotype of respiratory disease, a future challenge will be to correlate the phenotype and genotype and understand its phenotypic variability. With the development of precision medicine, research on monogenic disorders has been intensive and vigorous. In this article, we provide a brief clinical introduction to monogenic diseases in pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesDepartment of Respiratory MedicineBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Kunling Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesDepartment of Respiratory MedicineBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
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127
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lawrence E Ostrowski
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Maimoona A Zariwala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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128
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Monocytes from patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia show enhanced inflammatory properties and produce higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14657. [PMID: 29116124 PMCID: PMC5676706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) suffer from recurrent upper and lower airway infections due to defects in the cilia present on the respiratory epithelium. Since chronic inflammatory conditions can cause changes in innate immune responses, we investigated whether monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of pediatric PCD patients respond differently to inflammatory stimuli, compared to monocytes from healthy children and adults. The receptor for C5a (C5aR) was upregulated in PCD, whereas expression levels of the leukocyte chemoattractant receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, BLT1 and FPR1 on PCD monocytes were similar to those on monocytes from healthy individuals. Also in vitro migration of PCD monocytes towards the ligands of those receptors (CCL2, fMLP, C5a and LTB4) was normal. Compared to healthy children, PCD patients had a higher percentage of the non-classic monocyte subset (CD14+CD16++) in circulation. Finally, PCD monocytes produced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL5, CCL18 and CCL22) in response to LPS, peptidoglycan and/or dsRNA stimulation. These data suggest that monocytes might exacerbate inflammatory reactions in PCD patients and might maintain a positive feedback-loop feeding the inflammatory process.
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129
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Shashikanth N, Yeruva S, Ong MLDM, Odenwald MA, Pavlyuk R, Turner JR. Epithelial Organization: The Gut and Beyond. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1497-1518. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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130
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Yamamoto R, Obbineni JM, Alford LM, Ide T, Owa M, Hwang J, Kon T, Inaba K, James N, King SM, Ishikawa T, Sale WS, Dutcher SK. Chlamydomonas DYX1C1/PF23 is essential for axonemal assembly and proper morphology of inner dynein arms. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006996. [PMID: 28892495 PMCID: PMC5608425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic assembly of ciliary dyneins, a process known as preassembly, requires numerous non-dynein proteins, but the identities and functions of these proteins are not fully elucidated. Here, we show that the classical Chlamydomonas motility mutant pf23 is defective in the Chlamydomonas homolog of DYX1C1. The pf23 mutant has a 494 bp deletion in the DYX1C1 gene and expresses a shorter DYX1C1 protein in the cytoplasm. Structural analyses, using cryo-ET, reveal that pf23 axonemes lack most of the inner dynein arms. Spectral counting confirms that DYX1C1 is essential for the assembly of the majority of ciliary inner dynein arms (IDA) as well as a fraction of the outer dynein arms (ODA). A C-terminal truncation of DYX1C1 shows a reduction in a subset of these ciliary IDAs. Sucrose gradients of cytoplasmic extracts show that preassembled ciliary dyneins are reduced compared to wild-type, which suggests an important role in dynein complex stability. The role of PF23/DYX1C1 remains unknown, but we suggest that DYX1C1 could provide a scaffold for macromolecular assembly. Most animal cells have antenna-like organelles called “cilia”. These organelles have various important functions both in motility and sensing the environment. Motile cilia are essential for moving cells as well as moving fluids across a surface. The waveform of motile cilia requires large macromolecular motors; these are the ciliary dyneins. These dynein complexes are assembled in the cytoplasm in a pathway called preassembly, and then transported into cilia. Defects in this process cause a heterogeneous human disease called primary ciliary dyskinesia that results, for example, in the disruption of the motility of respiratory tract cilia, sperm and nodal cilia during development. The mechanisms of the preassembly pathway are not fully understood. In this study, we use a mutation in the well-conserved DYX1C1/PF23 gene of the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Loss of a conserved domain (DYX) reveals a failure to assemble most ciliary dyneins. Preassembly of inner arm dyneins is particularly affected. We find that if dynein arms are not assembled, dynein subunits in the cytoplasm are unstable. We suggest that DYX1C1 may play a role as a scaffold for other preassembly factors and the dynein subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jagan M. Obbineni
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lea M. Alford
- Department of Biology, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Takahiro Ide
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikito Owa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juyeon Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Takahide Kon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inaba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Noliyanda James
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (TI); (WSS); (SKD)
| | - Winfield S. Sale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TI); (WSS); (SKD)
| | - Susan K. Dutcher
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TI); (WSS); (SKD)
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Brown JM, Mosley M, Montes-Berrueta D, Hou Y, Yang F, Scarbrough C, Witman GB, Wirschell M. Characterization of a new oda3 allele, oda3-6, defective in assembly of the outer dynein arm-docking complex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173842. [PMID: 28291812 PMCID: PMC5349678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used an insertional mutagenesis approach to generate new C. reinhardtii motility mutants. Of 56 mutants isolated, one is a new allele at the ODA3 locus, called oda3-6. Similar to the previously characterized oda3 alleles, oda3-6 has a slow-jerky swimming phenotype and reduced swimming speed. The oda3-6 mutant fails to assemble the outer dynein arm motor and outer dynein arm—docking complex (ODA-DC) in the ciliary axoneme due to an insertion in the 5’ end of the DCC1 gene, which encodes the DC1 subunit of the ODA-DC. Transformation of oda3-6 with the wild-type DCC1 gene rescues the mutant swimming phenotype and restores assembly of the ODA-DC and the outer dynein arm in the cilium. This is the first oda3 mutant to be characterized at the molecular level and is likely to be very useful for further analysis of DC1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Brown
- Department of Biology, Salem State University, Salem, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew Mosley
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Daniela Montes-Berrueta
- Department of Biology, Salem State University, Salem, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuqing Hou
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fan Yang
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Chasity Scarbrough
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - George B. Witman
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maureen Wirschell
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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132
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A Systematic Review of the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Adults with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. SINUSITIS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/sinusitis2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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133
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Haver K. The time is right for an international primary ciliary dyskinesia disease registry. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/1/1602143. [PMID: 28052961 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02143-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Haver
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA .,Division of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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134
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Primary ciliary dyskinesia. CURRENT PULMONOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-016-0158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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