101
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Ku YC, Leong MI, Wang WT, Huang SD. Up-and-down shaker-assisted ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1470-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chien Ku
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Mei-I Leong
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Wang
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Huang
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu; Taiwan
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102
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Zhang Y, Lee HK. Liquid phase microextraction using knitting wool as the extractant phase holder before chromatographic analysis: A new approach for trace analysis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1273:12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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103
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Emerging Organic Contaminants in Groundwater. SMART SENSORS, MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37006-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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104
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Simultaneous determination of ultraviolet filters in aqueous samples by plunger-in-needle solid-phase microextraction with graphene-based sol–gel coating as sorbent coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 742:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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105
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Gracia-Lor E, Martínez M, Sancho JV, Peñuela G, Hernández F. Multi-class determination of personal care products and pharmaceuticals in environmental and wastewater samples by ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 99:1011-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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106
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Ge D, Lee HK. A new 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ionic liquid based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction for the determination of organic ultraviolet filters in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1251:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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107
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Gago-Ferrero P, Badia-Fabregat M, Olivares A, Piña B, Blánquez P, Vicent T, Caminal G, Díaz-Cruz MS, Barceló D. Evaluation of fungal- and photo-degradation as potential treatments for the removal of sunscreens BP3 and BP1. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 427-428:355-63. [PMID: 22542301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photodecomposition might be regarded as one of the most important abiotic factors affecting the fate of UV absorbing compounds in the environment and photocatalysis has been suggested as an effective method to degrade organic pollutants. However, UV filters transformation appears to be a complex process, barely addressed to date. The white rot fungus Trametes versicolor is considered as a promising alternative to conventional aerobic bacterial degradation, as it is able to metabolise a wide range of xenobiotics. This study focused on both degradation processes of two widely used UV filters, benzophenone-3 (BP3) and benzophenone-1 (BP1). Fungal treatment resulted in the degradation of more than 99% for both sunscreens in less than 24 h, whereas photodegradation was very inefficient, especially for BP3, which remained unaltered upon 24 h of simulated sunlight irradiation. Analysis of metabolic compounds generated showed BP1 as a minor by-product of BP3 degradation by T. versicolor while the main intermediate metabolites were glycoconjugate derivatives. BP1 and BP3 showed a weak, but significant estrogenic activity (EC50 values of 0.058 mg/L and 12.5 mg/L, respectively) when tested by recombinant yeast assay (RYA), being BP1 200-folds more estrogenic than BP3. Estrogenic activity was eliminated during T. versicolor degradation of both compounds, showing that none of the resulting metabolites possessed significant estrogenic activity at the concentrations produced. These results demonstrate the suitability of this method to degrade both sunscreen agents and to eliminate estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Departament de Química Ambiental, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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108
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Gago-Ferrero P, Díaz-Cruz MS, Barceló D. An overview of UV-absorbing compounds (organic UV filters) in aquatic biota. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2597-610. [PMID: 22669305 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to summarize biological monitoring information on UV-absorbing compounds, commonly referred as organic UV filters or sunscreen agents, in aquatic ecosystems. To date a limited range of species (macroinvertebrates, fish, and birds), habitats (lakes, rivers, and sea), and compounds (benzophenones and camphors) have been investigated. As a consequence there is not enough data enabling reliable understanding of the global distribution and effect of UV filters on ecosystems. Both liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry-based methods have been developed and applied to the trace analysis of these pollutants in biota, enabling the required selectivity and sensitivity. As expected, the most lipophilic compounds occur most frequently with concentrations up to 7112 ng g(-1) lipids in mussels and 3100 ng g(-1) lipids (homosalate) in fish. High concentrations have also been reported for 4-methylbenzilidenecamphor (up to 1800 ng g(-1) lipids) and octocrylene (2400 ng g(-1) lipids). Many fewer studies have evaluated the potential bioaccumulation and biomagnification of these compounds in both fresh and marine water and terrestrial food webs. Estimated biomagnification factors suggest biomagnification in predator-prey pairs, for example bird-fish and fish-invertebrates. Ecotoxicological data and preliminary environmental assessment of the risk of UV filters are also included and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council of Scientific Research, Barcelona, Spain
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109
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Abstract
AbstractSpreading sewage sludge on agricultural lands has been actively promoted by national authorities as an economic way of recycling. However, as by-product of wastewater treatment, sewage sludge may contain toxic substances, which could be incorporated into agricultural products or be distributed in the environment. Moreover, sediments can be contaminated by the discharge of wastewater effluents into rivers. This article reviews the determination of emerging contaminants (surfactants, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products) in environmental solid samples (sludge, soil and sediment). Sample preparation, including extraction and clean-up, as well as the subsequent instrumental determination of contaminants are discussed. Recent applications of extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, microwave assisted extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion to the analysis of emerging contaminants in environmental solid samples are reviewed. Determination of these contaminants, generally carried out by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, especially mass spectrometry for the identification and quantification of residues, is also summarised and discussed.
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110
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Competitive CE-UV binding tests for selective recognition of bisphenol A by molecularly imprinted polymer particles. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1255-62. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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111
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Ge D, Lee HK. Ionic liquid based hollow fiber supported liquid phase microextraction of ultraviolet filters. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1229:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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112
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Stuart M, Lapworth D, Crane E, Hart A. Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 416:1-21. [PMID: 22209399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a review of the types of emerging organic groundwater contaminants (EGCs) which are beginning to be found in the UK. EGCs are compounds being found in groundwater that were previously not detectable or known to be significant and can come from agricultural, urban and rural point sources. EGCs include nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment by-products, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as caffeine and nicotine. Many are relatively small polar molecules which may not be effectively removed by drinking water treatment. Data from the UK Environment Agency's groundwater screening programme for organic pollutants found within the 30 most frequently detected compounds a number of EGCs such as pesticide metabolites, caffeine and DEET. Specific determinands frequently detected include pesticides metabolites, pharmaceuticals including carbamazepine and triclosan, nicotine, food additives and alkyl phosphates. This paper discusses the routes by which these compounds enter groundwater, their toxicity and potential risks to drinking water and the environment. It identifies challenges that need to be met to minimise risk to drinking water and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Stuart
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK.
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113
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Ho YC, Ding WH. Solid-phase Extraction Coupled Simple On-line Derivatization Gas Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Benzophenone-type UV Filters in Aqueous Samples. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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114
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Analysis of UV filters in tap water and other clean waters in Spain. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:2325-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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115
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Determination of benzophenones in human placental tissue samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2011; 85:1848-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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116
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Song M, Kim YJ, Ryu JC. Identification of genes induced by benzophenone-2 in human thyroid follicular FTC-238 cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-011-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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117
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Kameda Y, Kimura K, Miyazaki M. Occurrence and profiles of organic sun-blocking agents in surface waters and sediments in Japanese rivers and lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:1570-6. [PMID: 21429641 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sun-blocking agents including eight UV filters (UVF) and 10 UV light stabilizers (UVLS) were measured in water and sediment collected from 22 rivers, four sewage treatment plant effluents (STPE) and three lakes in Japan. Total sun blocking agents levels ranged from N.D. to 4928 ng/L and from 2.0 to 3422 μg/kg dry wt in surface water and in sediment, respectively. Benzyl salicylate, benzophenone-3, 2-ethyl hexyl-4-methoxycinnamte (EHMC) and octyl salicylate were dominant in surface water receiving wastewater effluents and STPE, although UV-328, benzophenone and EHMC were dominant in other surface water except background sites. Three UVF and nine UVLS were observed from all sediment and their compositions showed similar patterns with UV-328 and UV-234 as the most prevalent compounds. Homosalate, octocrylene, UV-326, UV-327, UV-328 and UV-234 were significantly correlated with Galaxolide® in sediments. Concentrations of UV-327 and UV-328 also had strong correlation between those of UV-326 in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kameda
- Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, Kazo 347-0115, Japan.
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118
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Sánchez-Brunete C, Miguel E, Albero B, Tadeo JL. Analysis of salicylate and benzophenone-type UV filters in soils and sediments by simultaneous extraction cleanup and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4291-8. [PMID: 21636087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of UV filters in soil and sediment has been developed and validated considering benzophenones (BP) and salicylates as target analytes. Soil and sediment samples were extracted with ethyl acetate-methanol (90:10, v/v) assisted with sonication, performing a simultaneous clean-up step. Quantification of these compounds was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization of the extracts with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). Recoveries from spiked soil samples ranged from 89.8% to 104.4% and they were between 88.4% and 105.3% for spiked sediment samples. The effect of the residence time and soil moisture content on the recovery of these compounds was also studied. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was in all cases below 6.1% and the limits of detection (S/N=3) varied from 0.07 to 0.10 ng g(-1) and from 0.11 to 0.28 ng g(-1) for soils and sediments, respectively. The validated method was applied to the analysis of five benzophenone and two salicylate UV filters in soil and sediment samples collected in different areas of Spain.
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119
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Román IP, Chisvert A, Canals A. Dispersive solid-phase extraction based on oleic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for UV-filter determination in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2467-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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120
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Liquid-phase and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction techniques with derivatization: Recent applications in bioanalysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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121
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Gago-Ferrero P, Díaz-Cruz MS, Barceló D. Fast pressurized liquid extraction with in-cell purification and analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of UV filters and their degradation products in sediments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2195-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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122
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Ye L, Liu J, Yang X, Peng Y, Xu L. Orthogonal array design for the optimization of ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of benzophenone-type UV filters. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:700-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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123
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Simultaneous determination of UV filters and polycyclic musks in aqueous samples by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6747-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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124
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Tarazona I, Chisvert A, León Z, Salvador A. Determination of hydroxylated benzophenone UV filters in sea water samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4771-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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125
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Fent K, Zenker A, Rapp M. Widespread occurrence of estrogenic UV-filters in aquatic ecosystems in Switzerland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:1817-1824. [PMID: 20004505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We performed a trace analytical study covering nine hormonally active UV-filters by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS in river water and biota. Water was analysed at 10 sites above and below wastewater treatment plants in the river Glatt using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). Four UV-filters occurred in the following order of decreasing concentrations; benzophenone-4 (BP-4) > benzophenone-3 (BP-3) > 3-(4-methyl)benzylidene-camphor (4-MBC) > 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (EHMC). BP-4 ranged from 0.27 to 24.0 microg/POCIS, BP-3, 4-MBC and EHMC up to 0.1 microg/POCIS. Wastewater was the most important source. Levels decreased with higher river water flow. No significant in-stream removal occurred. BP-3, 4-MBC and EHMC were between 6 and 68 ng/L in river water. EHMC was accumulated in biota. In all 48 macroinvertebrate and fish samples from six rivers lipid-weighted EHMC occurred up to 337 ng/g, and up to 701 ng/g in 5 cormorants, suggesting food-chain accumulation. UV-filters are found to be ubiquitous in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences (FHNW), School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
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126
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Determination of organic UV filters in water by stir bar sorptive extraction and direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:269-275. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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127
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Ito R, Kawaguchi M, Koganei Y, Honda H, Okanouchi N, Sakui N, Saito K, Nakazawa H. Development of miniaturized hollow-fiber assisted liquid-phase microextraction with in situ acyl derivatization followed by GC-MS for the determination of benzophenones in human urine samples. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1033-7. [PMID: 19667483 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple and highly sensitive method that involves miniaturized hollow fiber assisted liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) with in situ acyl derivatization and GC-MS was developed for the determination of benzophenone (BP) and related compounds in human urine samples. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) and quantification (S/N > 10) of BPs in human urine samples are 0.01 to 0.05 and 0.05 to 0.2 ng ml(-1), respectively. The average recoveries of BPs (n = 5) in human urine samples spiked with 10 and 50 ng ml(-1) BPs are 93.1 to 106.7% (RSD: 1.5 to 8.4%) and 96.3 to 101.5% (RSD: 3.0 to 7.7%), respectively. When the proposed method was applied to human urine samples, BPs were detected at the sub ng ml(-1) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Ito
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.
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128
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Rodil R, Schrader S, Moeder M. Pressurised membrane-assisted liquid extraction of UV filters from sludge. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8851-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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129
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Negreira N, Rodríguez I, Ramil M, Rubí E, Cela R. Solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of hydroxylated benzophenone UV absorbers in environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 654:162-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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130
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Díaz-Cruz MS, Barceló D. Chemical analysis and ecotoxicological effects of organic UV-absorbing compounds in aquatic ecosystems. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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131
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Non-porous membrane-assisted liquid–liquid extraction of UV filter compounds from water samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4887-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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132
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Negreira N, Rodríguez I, Ramil M, Rubí E, Cela R. Sensitive determination of salicylate and benzophenone type UV filters in water samples using solid-phase microextraction, derivatization and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 638:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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133
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Mottaleb MA, Usenko S, O’Donnell JG, Ramirez AJ, Brooks BW, Chambliss CK. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry screening methods for select UV filters, synthetic musks, alkylphenols, an antimicrobial agent, and an insect repellent in fish. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:815-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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134
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Kawaguchi M, Ito R, Honda H, Koganei Y, Okanouchi N, Saito K, Seto Y, Nakazawa H. Miniaturized hollow fiber assisted liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for determination of benzophenone and derivates in human urine sample. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:298-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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135
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Silvia Díaz-Cruz M, Llorca M, Barceló D, Barceló D. Organic UV filters and their photodegradates, metabolites and disinfection by-products in the aquatic environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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136
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Simultaneous trace determination of nine organic UV-absorbing compounds (UV filters) in environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1202:64-74. [PMID: 18632108 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new sensitive method has been successfully developed and validated for the simultaneous determination and quantification of nine estrogenic UV filters (benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4, 4,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, ethyl-4-aminobenzoate, 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor, 3-benzylidene-camphor) in different environmental matrices. After optimisation of extraction conditions for the best recovery of polar to lipophilic compounds from fish tissue and a subsequent lipid clean-up in HPLC, fish extraction recoveries exceeded 72% for all nine UV filters. Identification and quantification of compounds was performed for lipophilic UV filters with gas chromatography-electroionisation-mass spectrometry and for polar and mid-polar compounds with liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Instrumental detection limits (IDL) varied between 5 and 260 pg injected and method detection limits (MDL) were in the low ng/g lipids range for all test compounds. The described analytical methods are shown to be useful to screen for estrogenic UV filters in environmental samples such as fish and polar organic chemical integrative samplers.
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137
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Richardson SD. Environmental Mass Spectrometry: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4373-402. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800660d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605
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138
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Chemically surface-modified carbon nanoparticle carrier for phenolic pollutants: Extraction and electrochemical determination of benzophenone-3 and triclosan. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 616:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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139
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Development of a simultaneous pressurised-liquid extraction and clean-up procedure for the determination of UV filters in sediments. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 612:152-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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140
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Jeon HK, Sarma SN, Kim YJ, Ryu JC. Toxicokinetics and metabolisms of benzophenone-type UV filters in rats. Toxicology 2008; 248:89-95. [PMID: 18448226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreens containing UV filters are recommended to reduce damage caused by solar UV radiation. Recently, benzophenone (BP)-type UV filters have become widely used as UV stabilizers in skin-moisturizing products and sunscreen lotions; however, very little information is available regarding the potential harmful effects of prolonged exposure to these compounds. Therefore, we investigated the toxicokinetics and metabolism of BP-type UV filters in rats using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To examine the metabolism of BP-type UV filters, we analyzed the parent compounds BP and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMB). In rats, BP was mainly converted to benzhydrol (BH) and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) (i.e., type A UV filters). In contrast, HMB was converted into at least three intermediates, including 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB), which was formed via o-demethylation and subsequently converted into 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (THB), and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB), which formed via the aromatic hydroxylation of HMB (i.e., type B UV filters). Next, the toxicokinetic curve for BP showed a peak concentration (Cmax) of 2.06+/-0.46 microg/ml at approximately 4h after BP administration. After a single oral dose of HMB, the Cmax of HMB reached 21.21+/-11.61 microg/ml within 3h (Tmax), and then declined rapidly compared to the kinetic curve of BP. The concentration of these metabolites in rat blood decreased much more slowly over time compared to the parent compounds. Thus, our results indicate that such metabolites might have more significant adverse effects than the parent compounds over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyung Jeon
- Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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141
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Rodil R, Moeder M. Development of a method for the determination of UV filters in water samples using stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1179:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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142
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Negreira N, Canosa P, Rodríguez I, Ramil M, Rubí E, Cela R. Study of some UV filters stability in chlorinated water and identification of halogenated by-products by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1178:206-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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143
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OKANOUCHI N, HONDA H, ITO R, KAWAGUCHI M, SAITO K, NAKAZAWA H. Determination of Benzophenones in River-water Samples Using Drop-based Liquid Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:627-30. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriya OKANOUCHI
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Hidehiro HONDA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Rie ITO
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Migaku KAWAGUCHI
- Bio-Medical Standard Section, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Koichi SAITO
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Hiroyuki NAKAZAWA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
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144
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