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Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction and Purification of Flavonoids from Pinus koraiensis Nut-Coated Film and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071950. [PMID: 33808428 PMCID: PMC8038113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinus koraiensis nut-coated film is a kind of by-product of nut processing, which has been shown to contain flavonoids, polyphenols, and other substances that can be used to produce natural antioxidant extracts. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids of P. koraiensis nut-coated film (PNF), and macroporous resin HPD600 was used to purify PNF (P-PNF). Its antioxidant activity was examined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacity, oxygen free radical absorption capacity (ORAC), total oxygen radical capture (TRAP), and iron ion reduction capacity. Under the ideal extraction conditions comprising a cellulase dosage of 90 U/g, a material/liquid ratio of 1:20 (g/mL), and an extraction time of 2 h, the PNF yield was 3.37%. Purification conditions were sample concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, pH of 5, water washing volume of 3 bed volume (BV), eluent ethanol concentration of 50%, and volume of 2 BV. The P-PNF recovery was 84.32%, and purity increased from 33.80% to 61.70%. Additionally, P-PNF showed increased antioxidant activity compared to PNF. Cumulatively, this study obtained the optimal values for the process parameters in order to achieve the maximum rates of extraction of PNF for economically optimal production at an industrial scale.
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Kapoor B, Gulati M, Gupta R, Singh SK, Gupta M, Nabi A, Chawla PA. A Review on Plant Flavonoids as Potential Anticancer Agents. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201126214150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are mainly derived from fruits and
vegetables and constitute an essential part of plant-derived beverages such as green tea, wine
and cocoa-based products. They have been shown to possess anticancer effects via different
mechanisms such as carcinogen inactivation, antiproliferation, cell cycle arrest, induction of
apoptosis and differentiation, inhibition of angiogenesis, anti-oxidation and reversal of
multidrug resistance or a combination of any two or more of these mechanisms. The present
review summarizes the chemistry, biosynthesis and anticancer evaluation of flavonoids in
both animal and human studies. A special emphasis has been placed on the flavonoids that are
being screened in different phases of clinical trials for chemoprotective action against various
cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH 1) Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH 1) Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH 1) Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH 1) Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Mukta Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH 1) Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Arshid Nabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Pooja A. Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan Moga, Punjab 142001, India
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Paolino D, Mancuso A, Cristiano MC, Froiio F, Lammari N, Celia C, Fresta M. Nanonutraceuticals: The New Frontier of Supplementary Food. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:792. [PMID: 33808823 PMCID: PMC8003744 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, the combination between nanotechnology and nutraceutics has gained the attention of several research groups. Nutraceuticals are considered as active compounds, abundant in natural products, showing beneficial effects on human health. Unfortunately, the uses, and consequently the health benefits, of many nutraceutical products are limited by their unsuitable chemico-physical features. For example, many nutraceuticals are characterized by low water solubility, low stability and high susceptibility to light and oxygen, poor absorption and potential chemical modifications after their administration. Based on the potential efficacy of nutraceuticals and on their limiting features, nanotechnology could be considered a revolutionary innovation in empowering the beneficial properties of nutraceuticals on human health, thus enhancing their efficacy in several diseases. For this reason, nanotechnology could represent a new frontier in supplementary food. In this review, the most recent nanotechnological approaches are discussed, focusing on their ability to improve the bioavailability of the most common nutraceuticals, providing an overview regarding both the advantages and the possible limitations of the use of several nanodelivery systems. In fact, although the efficacy of smart nanocarriers in improving health benefits deriving from nutraceuticals has been widely demonstrated, the conflicting opinions on the mechanism of action of some nanosystems still reduce their applicability in the therapeutic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.P.); (M.C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.P.); (M.C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Froiio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.P.); (M.C.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Narimane Lammari
- Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory, University Constantine 3, Salah Boubnider, 25000 Constantine, Algeria;
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Carabajal MPA, Piloto-Ferrer J, Nicollela HD, Squarisi IS, Prado Guissone AP, Esperandim TR, Tavares DC, Isla MI, Zampini IC. Antigenotoxic, antiproliferative and antimetastatic properties of a combination of native medicinal plants from Argentina. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113479. [PMID: 33091491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jarilla is the common name of an appreciated group of native plants from the semi-arid region in Argentina (Larrea cuneifolia Cav., Larrea divaricata Cav. and Zuccagnia punctata Cav.) that have been historically consumed to heal respiratory, musculoskeletal and skin ailments, as well as recommended for weakness/tiredness, hypertension, diabetes and cancer treatment. It was previously reported that some biological properties could be improved when these plants are used jointly. Infusions of a defined mixture, composed by three Jarilla species, L. cuneifolia: L. divaricata: Z. punctata (0.5:0.25:0.25) (HM2) showed synergistic and additive effect on antioxidant activity even after passing through the gastro-duodenal tract. AIM OF THE STUDY The main purpose of this work was to evaluate antigenotoxic, antitumor, and anti-metastatic properties of the Jarilla species that grow in the Northwest of Argentina and a herbal combination of them. MATERIAL AND METHODS Infusions of Jarilla mixture (HM2), and of each single plant species were prepared. Phenolic profiles of infusions were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and two relevant chemical markers were quantified. The antigenotoxic activity was evaluated by using the Ames test and the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay against direct mutagens. Evaluations of both cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects were conducted on tumor and non-tumor cell lines. Both in vivo tumoral growth and metastasis inhibition were evaluated by using a carcinoma model on Balb/c mice. RESULTS HM2 mix could suppress genetic and chromosome mutations induced by 4-nitro-o-phenylendiamine (4-NPD) and doxorubicin. Herbal mixture and single plant infusions showed cytotoxic effect against mammary, uterus, and brain tumoral cells without a selective action vs normal human cell line. HM2 mix was able to reduce mammary tumor mass on the Balb/c mice model and showed a significant reduction in the number of metastatic nodules in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the combinations of three Jarilla species from northwest Argentina would be a promising alternative to treat or slow down the development of chronic diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Patricia Antonella Carabajal
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Janet Piloto-Ferrer
- Departamento de Toxicología Genética y Antitumorales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM), Avenida 26, No. 1605 e/Puentes Grandes y Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Heloiza Diniz Nicollela
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Iara Silva Squarisi
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Prado Guissone
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Denise Crispim Tavares
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - María Inés Isla
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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105
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In Vitro Comparison of the Anti-Proliferative Effects of Galenia africana on Human Skin Cell Lines. Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the major cause of skin cancer-related deaths. Surgery in combination with radiotherapy, immunotherapy or chemotherapy is used to eradicate cancer cells, however, this treatment option is limited by the tolerance of the surrounding healthy tissue. The extracts from Galenia africana have been shown to possess anti-cancer flavonoid compounds and can be a safer and cost-effective alternative treatment. The study aimed to compare the anti-proliferative effects of G. africana on human skin cells (HaCaT) and human malignant melanoma cells (A375). The cells were exposed to various concentrations of the G. africana extract at different times. In vitro assays were employed to determine cell viability and cytotoxicity. Hoechst 33342 staining was performed to observe the nuclear changes, including apoptosis. G. africana significantly reduced the cell viability of the A375 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner, while having no effect on the HaCaT cells. The A375 cells displayed nuclear condensation, brightly stained nuclei and nuclear fragmentation indicative of apoptosis. This suggests a clinical rationale for the use of G. africana as a potential anti-melanoma agent offering efficacy and low toxicity. This study provides new insights for future work on investigating the utilization of G. africana in malignant melanoma treatment.
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106
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Johnson JB, Mani JS, Broszczak D, Prasad SS, Ekanayake CP, Strappe P, Valeris P, Naiker M. Hitting the sweet spot: A systematic review of the bioactivity and health benefits of phenolic glycosides from medicinally used plants. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3484-3508. [PMID: 33615599 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acid and flavonoid glycosides form a varied class of naturally occurring compounds, characterised by high polarity-resulting from the glycone moiety-and the presence of multiple phenol functionalities, which often leads to strong antioxidant activity. Phenolic glycosides, and in particular flavonoid glycosides, may possess strong bioactive properties with broad spectrum activity. This systematic literature review provides a detailed overview of 28 studies examining the biological activity of phenolic and flavonoid glycosides from plant sources, highlighting the potential of these compounds as therapeutic agents. The activity of glycosides depends upon the biological activity type, identity of the aglycone and the identity and specific location of the glycone moiety. From studies reporting the activity of both glycosides and their respective aglycones, phenolic glycosides appear to generally be a storage/reserve pool of precursors of more bioactive compounds. The glycosylated compounds are likely to be more bioavailable compared to their aglycone forms, due to the presence of the sugar moieties. Hydrolysis of the glycoside in the in vivo environment would release the free aglycone, potentiating their biological activity. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of glycosides from many of the plant species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel B Johnson
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janice S Mani
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Broszczak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shirtika S Prasad
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Charitha P Ekanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Padraig Strappe
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Valeris
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments (Oceania) Pty Ltd, Rydalmere, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mani Naiker
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
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107
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Recent Applications of Heteropolyacids and Related Compounds in Heterocycle Synthesis. Contributions between 2010 and 2020. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, polyoxometalates (POM) have received considerable attention as solid catalysts, due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, since, first, they have very strong Bronsted acidity, approaching the region of a superacid, and second, they are efficient oxidizers that exhibit rapid redox transformations under fairly mild conditions. Their structural mobility is also highlighted, since they are complex molecules that can be modified by changing their structure or the elements that compose them to model their size, charge density, redox potentials, acidity, and solubility. Finally, they can be used in substoichiometric amounts and reused without an appreciable loss of catalytic activity, all of which postulate them as versatile, economic and ecological catalysts. Therefore, in 2009, we wrote a review article highlighting the great variety of organic reactions, mainly in the area of the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles in which they can be used, and this new review completes that article with the contributions made in the same area for the period 2010 to 2020. The synthesized heterocycles to be covered include pyrimidines, pyridines, pyrroles, indoles, chromenes, xanthenes, pyrans, azlactones, azoles, diazines, azepines, flavones, and formylchromones, among others.
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108
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Hori K, Watanabe T, Devkota HP. Phenolic Acid Derivatives, Flavonoids and Other Bioactive Compounds from the Leaves of Cardiocrinum cordatum (Thunb.) Makino (Liliaceae). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020320. [PMID: 33562289 PMCID: PMC7915501 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiocrinum cordatum (Thunb.) Makino (Family: Liliaceae), commonly known as ‘Ubayuri’, is native to Japan and some islands in the Russian Far East. It has high value as food, medicinal, and ornamental species. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the main chemical constituents of the leaves of C. cordatum. A total of 19 compounds, namely caffeic acid (1), caffeic acid methyl ester (2), caffeic acid β-glucopyranosyl ester (3), caffeic acid 4-O-β-glucopyranoside (4), ferulic acid (5), isoferulic acid (6), protocatechuic acid (7), syringic acid (8), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone 1-O-β-glucopyranoside (9), esculetin (10), taxifolin (11), quercetin 3-O-(6-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl)β-glucopyranoside-7-O-β-rhamnopyranoside (12), 2,7-dimethyl-2,4-diene-deca-α,ω-diacid β-glucopyranoside (13), 4-[formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid (14), (3Z)-3-hexenyl β-glucopyranoside (15), tryptophan (16), adenine (17), adenosine (18), and 2-deoxyadenosine (19) were isolated using various chromatographic methods. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of their NMR spectroscopic data. All these compounds were isolated for the first time from the genus Cardiocrinum. Phenolic acid derivatives and flavonoids can be considered as chemotaxonomic markers in the leaves of Cardiocrinum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Hori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (K.H.); (T.W.)
- Analytical Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology, Astellas Pharma Inc., 160-2, Akahama, Takahagi-shi, Ibaraki 318-0001, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (K.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (K.H.); (T.W.)
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Kozsup M, Zhou X, Farkas E, Bényei AC, Bonnet S, Patonay T, Kónya K, Buglyó P. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies of Co(III)-flavonolato complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111382. [PMID: 33588278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia activated Co(III) complexes as prodrugs may provide with a selective delivery of cytotoxic or antibacterial compounds. Whithin this field sixteen novel Co(III) ternary complexes with the general formula [Co(4N)(flav)](ClO4)2, where 4N = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) or tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (tpa) and flav = deprotonated form of differently substituted flavonols have been synthesized, characterized, and their cytotoxicity assayed under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Molecular structures of two free flavonols and seven complexes are also reported. In all the complexes the bioligands exhibited the expected (O,O) coordination mode and the complexes showed a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that both the substituents of the flavonoles and the type of 4N donor ligands had an impact on the reduction potential of the complex. The ones containing tren demonstrated significantly higher stability than the tpa analogues, making these former compounds promising candidates for the development of hypoxia-activated prodrug complexes. Tpa complexes showed higher activity against both selected human cancer cell lines (A549, A431) than their free ligand flavonols, indicating that the anticancer activity of the bioligand can be enhanced upon complexation. However, slight hypoxia-selectivity was found only for a tren complex (11) with moderate cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Kozsup
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - XueQuan Zhou
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Etelka Farkas
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Attila Cs Bényei
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tamás Patonay
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kónya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Péter Buglyó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.
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An HPLC-DAD Method to Quantify Flavonoids in Sonchus arvensis and Able to Classify the Plant Parts and Their Geographical Area through Principal Component Analysis. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eight flavonoids (orientin, hyperoside, rutin, myricetin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin) in Sonchus arvensis by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). This method was utilized to differentiate S. arvensis samples based on the plant parts (leaves, stems, and roots) and the plant’s geographical origin. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a reverse-phase C18 column by eluting at a flow rate of 1 mL/min using a gradient with methanol and 0.2% aqueous formic acid. In the optimum conditions, the developed method’s system suitability has met the criteria of good separation. The calibration curve shows a linear relationship between the peak area and analyte concentration with a correlation coefficient (r2) > 0.9990. The ranges for the analytes’ limits of detection and quantitation were 0.006–0.015 and 0.020–0.052 µg/mL, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision expressed in terms of RSD values were <2%, and the accuracy range based on recovery was 97–105%. The stability of all analytes within 48 h was about 2%. By combining HPLC-DAD fingerprint analysis with chemometrics, the developed method can classify S. arvensis samples based on the plant parts and geographical origin.
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112
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Soylak M, Ozdemir B, Yilmaz E. An environmentally friendly and novel amine-based liquid phase microextraction of quercetin in food samples prior to its determination by UV-vis spectrophotometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 243:118806. [PMID: 32829158 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel and environmentally-friendly method, which includes determination of trace amounts of quercetin in samples by using UV-vis spectrophotometry after enrichment with amine-based liquid phase microextraction (LPME), has been developed. As extraction solvent, N,N-dimethyl-n-octylamine has been used and the quercetin concentration in extraction phase was determined by UV-vis spectrophotometry at 382.5 nm. Important analytical parameters such as pH, extraction solvent type and volume, sample volume, extraction time were optimized by the method. Quercetin in the sample solution was extracted to 200 μL of N,N-dimethyl-n-octylamine phase at pH 4.0. The detection limit (LOD) and the quantitation limit (LOQ) values for quercetin were calculated as 0.07 μg·mL-1 and 0.24 μg·mL-1, respectively. Accuracy studies for the food samples was carried out by addition and recovery experiments. The developed method has been successfully applied to different food samples including spinach, green pepper, red onion and dill weed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Soylak
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Technology Research and Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Bircan Ozdemir
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Erkan Yilmaz
- Technology Research and Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM Erciyes University, Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
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113
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Tian S, Luo T, Zhu Y, Wan JP. Recent advances in the diversification of chromones and flavones by direct C H bond activation or functionalization. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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114
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The Flavonol Isoquercitrin Promotes Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis in SK-Mel-2 Melanoma Cell via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123683. [PMID: 33260329 PMCID: PMC7760408 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoquercitrin (IQ), a major flavonol present in Prunus mume fruit, has gained much attention in recent studies because of its superior bioavailability and physiological effects. In this study, the anti-cancer mechanism of IQ against human melanoma, particularly its effect on the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, was investigated. Treatment with IQ at 25 μM concentration effectively inhibited the proliferation of SK-MEL-2 skin cancer cells while the same concentration did not exhibit cytotoxicity against human keratinocytes HaCaT. Morphological analysis and clonogenic assay also showed that IQ can alter the growth and long-term survival of SK-MEL-2 cells. IQ also induced apoptosis in the melanoma cells as manifested in the nuclear morphology changes, DNA fragmentation, increase in the apoptosis rate (17.69% at 25 μM) and accumulation of sub-G1 cell cycle phase population (19.55% at 25 μM). Western blot analysis revealed the involvement of the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in the anti-cancer property of IQ. Treatment with IQ resulted in the decrease in the levels of procaspase-8 and -9, and Bcl-2 protein, and an increase in the expression of cleaved PARP and Bax. Moreover, AIF and Endo G protein expression increased, indicating a caspase-independent mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. The anti-proliferative activity of IQ against SK-MEL-2 can also be attributed to the downregulation of the PI3K/AktmTOR signaling pathway. These findings showed that IQ can be developed into a chemopreventive therapeutic agent against the melanoma cells.
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Namdeo AG, Boddu SHS, Amawi H, Ashby CR, Tukaramrao DB, Trivedi P, Babu RJ, Tiwari AK. Flavonoids as Multi-Target Compounds: A Special Emphasis on their Potential as Chemo-adjuvants in Cancer Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1712-1728. [PMID: 32003663 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200128095248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are low molecular weight, polyphenolic phytochemicals, obtained from secondary metabolism of various plant compounds. They have a spectrum of pharmacological efficacies, including potential anticancer efficacy. Natural flavonoids are present in fruits, vegetables, grains, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea and wine. Flavonoids can attenuate or inhibit the initiation, promotion and progression of cancer by modulating various enzymes and receptors in diverse pathways that involve cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in vitro, flavonoids have been shown to reverse multidrug resistance when used as chemo-adjuvants. Flavonoids (both natural and synthetic analogues) interact with several oncogenic targets through dependent and independent mechanisms to mediate their anticancer efficacy in different types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay G Namdeo
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacy practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Diwakar B Tukaramrao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
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116
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Visalli G, Facciolà A, Laganà P, Di Pietro A. Food chemoprevention and air pollution: the health comes with eating. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:471-479. [PMID: 32573482 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is known to be an important causative agent of many non-communicable diseases, mainly due to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). According to Global Burden Disease study in 2015, the estimated premature deaths caused by PM2.5 were 4.2 million. Besides deaths, airborne pollution's effect on human health also has dramatic economic and social costs, contributing greatly to disability-adjusted life-year (DALY). To reduce the health impact is necessary a double approach, which includes the improvement of air quality and food chemoprevention, aimed at enhancing the homeostatic abilities of exposed subjects. The scavenging, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of nutraceuticals effectively counteract the pathogenic mechanisms common in almost all non-communicable diseases associated with air pollutants. Moreover, several bioactive compounds of food modulate, by epigenetic mechanisms, the metabolism of xenobiotics, favouring conjugation reactions and promoting excretion. This narrative review summarize the numerous pieces of evidence collected in the last decades by observational and experimental studies which underline the chemopreventive role of flavonoids, contained in several fruits and consumer beverages (wine, tea, etc.), and isothiocyanate sulforaphane, contained in the cruciferous vegetables belonging to the genus Brassica. These bioactive compounds, enhancing the individual homeostatic abilities, reduce the harmful effects of airborne pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Facciolà
- Epidemiology Operative Unit, Department of Prevention, Health Provincial Agency, Messina, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Laganà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Talib WH, Alsalahat I, Daoud S, Abutayeh RF, Mahmod AI. Plant-Derived Natural Products in Cancer Research: Extraction, Mechanism of Action, and Drug Formulation. Molecules 2020; 25:E5319. [PMID: 33202681 PMCID: PMC7696819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death globally and considered as a major challenge for the public health system. The high toxicity and the lack of selectivity of conventional anticancer therapies make the search for alternative treatments a priority. In this review, we describe the main plant-derived natural products used as anticancer agents. Natural sources, extraction methods, anticancer mechanisms, clinical studies, and pharmaceutical formulation are discussed in this review. Studies covered by this review should provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to enhance basic and clinical research on developing alternative anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan;
| | - Izzeddin Alsalahat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (I.A.); (S.D.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Safa Daoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (I.A.); (S.D.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Reem Fawaz Abutayeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (I.A.); (S.D.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan;
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Heidary Moghaddam R, Samimi Z, Moradi SZ, Little PJ, Xu S, Farzaei MH. Naringenin and naringin in cardiovascular disease prevention: A preclinical review. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Pismenskaya N, Sarapulova V, Klevtsova A, Mikhaylin S, Bazinet L. Adsorption of Anthocyanins by Cation and Anion Exchange Resins with Aromatic and Aliphatic Polymer Matrices. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217874. [PMID: 33114195 PMCID: PMC7660631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the mechanisms of adsorption of anthocyanins from model aqueous solutions at pH values of 3, 6, and 9 by ion-exchange resins making the main component of heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes. This is the first report demonstrating that the pH of the internal solution of a KU-2-8 aromatic cation-exchange resin is 2-3 units lower than the pH of the external bathing anthocyanin-containing solution, and the pH of the internal solution of some anion-exchange resins with an aromatic (AV-17-8, AV-17-2P) or aliphatic (EDE-10P) matrix is 2-4 units higher than the pH of the external solution. This pH shift is caused by the Donnan exclusion of hydroxyl ions (in the KU-2-8 resin) or protons (in the AV-17-8, AV-17-2P, and EDE-10P resins). The most significant pH shift is observed for the EDE-10P resin, which has the highest ion-exchange capacity causing the highest Donnan exclusion. Due to the pH shift, the electric charge of anthocyanin inside an ion-exchange resin differs from its charge in the external solution. At pH 6, the external solution contains uncharged anthocyanin molecules. However, in the AV-17-8 and AV-17-2P resins, the anthocyanins are present as singly charged anions, while in the EDE-10P resin, they are in the form of doubly charged anions. Due to the electrostatic interactions of these anions with the positively charged fixed groups of anion-exchange resins, the adsorption capacities of AV-17-8, AV-17-2P, and EDE-10P were higher than expected. It was established that the electrostatic interactions of anthocyanins with the charged fixed groups increase the adsorption capacity of the aromatic resin by a factor of 1.8-2.5 compared to the adsorption caused by the π-π (stacking) interactions. These results provide new insights into the fouling mechanism of ion-exchange materials by polyphenols; they can help develop strategies for membrane cleaning and for extracting anthocyanins from juices and wine using ion-exchange resins and membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pismenskaya
- Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-918-48-91-292
| | - Veronika Sarapulova
- Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Anastasia Klevtsova
- Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya st., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Sergey Mikhaylin
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Process (LTAPEM), University Laval, Québec, QC G1V, Canada; (S.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Process (LTAPEM), University Laval, Québec, QC G1V, Canada; (S.M.); (L.B.)
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Khater M, Greco F, Osborn HMI. Antiangiogenic Activity of Flavonoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:E4712. [PMID: 33066630 PMCID: PMC7594036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: An imbalance of angiogenesis contributes to many pathologies such as cancer, arthritis and retinopathy, hence molecules that can modulate angiogenesis are of considerable therapeutic importance. Despite many reports on the promising antiangiogenic properties of naturally occurring flavonoids, no flavonoids have progressed to the clinic for this application. This systematic review and meta-analysis therefore evaluates the antiangiogenic activities of a wide range of flavonoids and is presented in two sections. The first part of the study (Systematic overview) included 402 articles identified by searching articles published before May 2020 using ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science databases. From this initial search, different classes of flavonoids with antiangiogenic activities, related pathologies and use of in vitro and/or in/ex vivo angiogenesis assays were identified. In the second part (Meta-analysis), 25 studies concerning the antiangiogenic evaluation of flavonoids using the in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay were included, following a targeted search on articles published prior to June 2020. Meta-analysis of 15 out of the 25 eligible studies showed concentration dependent antiangiogenic activity of six compared subclasses of flavonoids with isoflavones, flavonols and flavones being the most active (64 to 80% reduction of blood vessels at 100 µM). Furthermore, the key structural features required for the antiangiogenic activity of flavonoids were derived from the pooled data in a structure activity relationship (SAR) study. All in all, flavonoids are promising candidates for the development of antiangiogenic agents, however further investigations are needed to determine the key structural features responsible for their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Khater
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK; (M.K.); (F.G.)
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Francesca Greco
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK; (M.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Helen M. I. Osborn
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK; (M.K.); (F.G.)
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Zhang W, Lian Y, Li Q, Sun L, Chen R, Lai X, Lai Z, Yuan E, Sun S. Preventative and Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204626. [PMID: 33050668 PMCID: PMC7594042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal tract disorder that affects up to 20% of the population of the world. Treatment of peptic ulcer remains challenging due to the limited effectiveness and severe side effects of the currently available drugs. Hence, natural compounds, owing to their medicinal, ecological, and other safe properties, are becoming popular potential candidates in preventing and treating peptic ulcers. Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in plants, exhibit gastroprotective effects against peptic ulcer both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarized the anti-ulcer functions and mechanisms, and also the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety, of flavonoid monomers in the gastrointestinal tract. Flavonoids exerted cytoprotective and rehabilitative effects by not only strengthening defense factors, such as mucus and prostaglandins, but also protecting against potentially harmful factors via their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Although controlled clinical studies are limited at present, flavonoids have shown a promising preventable and therapeutic potential in peptic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yingyi Lian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lingli Sun
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaoxiang Lai
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Erdong Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-3848 (E.Y.); +86-20-8516-1045 (S.S.)
| | - Shili Sun
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-3848 (E.Y.); +86-20-8516-1045 (S.S.)
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Káňová K, Petrásková L, Pelantová H, Rybková Z, Malachová K, Cvačka J, Křen V, Valentová K. Sulfated Metabolites of Luteolin, Myricetin, and Ampelopsin: Chemoenzymatic Preparation and Biophysical Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11197-11206. [PMID: 32910657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Authentic standards of food flavonoids are important for human metabolic studies. Their isolation from biological materials is impracticable; however, they can be prepared in vitro. Twelve sulfated metabolites of luteolin, myricetin, and ampelopsin were obtained with arylsulfotransferase from Desulfitobacterium hafniense and fully characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography, MS, and NMR. The compounds were tested for their ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine radicals, to reduce ferric ions and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and to inhibit tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes. The activity differed considerably even between monosulfate isomers. The parent compounds and myricetin-3'-O-sulfate were the most active while other compounds displayed significantly lower activity, particularly luteolin sulfates. No mutagenic activity of the parent compounds and their main metabolites was observed; only myricetin showed minor pro-mutagenicity. The prepared sulfated metabolites are now available as authentic standards for future in vitro and in vivo metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Káňová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Petrásková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Rybková
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Malachová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Flavonoids are known for their numerous biological activities; however, their pharmacological application is limited by poor bioavailability. Glycosides are usually more stable and more soluble in water and in this form, flavonoids are present in nature. Likewise, the presence of the methyl group in the flavonoid skeleton results in facilitated absorption and greater bioavailability. Entomopathogenic filamentous fungi are effective in the biotransformation of flavonoids; they are known especially for efficient glycosylation. In the current study we used strains of Beauveria bassiana KCH J1.5 and Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2 to biotransform flavonoids with a single methyl group. 2′-Hydroxy-5′-methylchalcone was biotransformed by both strains into 2′-hydroxy-5′-methylchalcone 3-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. In the culture of B. bassiana KCH J1.5 four products were obtained from 6-methylflavanone: 4′-hydroxy-6-methylflavanone 3′-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside; 4′-hydroxyflavanone 6-methylene-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside; 6-hydroxymethylflavanone 3′-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside and 4′-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethylflavanone 3′-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. Biotransformation with I. fumosorosea KCH J2 as a biocatalyst resulted in the formation of 6-methylflavanone 4′-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside and 2-phenyl-6-methylchromane 4-O-β-D-(4″-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside. All of these flavonoids can be used in biological activity tests and can be useful in studies concerning structure—bioactivity relationships.
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Wei E, Zhang S, Zhai J, Wu S, Wang G. The evaluation of hepatoprotective effects of flavonoids from Scorzonera austriaca Wild against CCl 4-induced acute liver injury in vitro and in vivo. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1284-1294. [PMID: 32921158 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1815763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Scorzonera austriaca Wild is a traditional herbal medicine; however, little is known with regard to the effect of flavonoids from S. austriaca (FSA) on liver injury induced by Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), especially the mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, our paper was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of FSA against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in vitro and in vivo, with focus on its potential mechanism. The purity of FSA prepared by using polyporous resin column chromatography could reach 94.5%, and seven flavonoid compounds in FSA were identified by using LC-ESI-MS analysis. In vivo results showed that FSA markedly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) and increased the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro results confirmed that FSA could inhibit inflammatory response, as evidenced by decreasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) through inactivating toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway. FSA activated autophagy by increasing the ratio of LC3B-II/I and decreasing the protein level of p62 so as to exert its hepatoprotective effect. In general, these evidences suggested that FSA is likely to serve as a potential material for the drugs against chemical hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enwei Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sixi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinghui Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sitong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangshu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kottaiswamy A, Kizhakeyil A, Padmanaban AM, Mirza FB, Vijay VR, Lee PS, Verma NK, Kalaiselvan P, Samuel S. The Citrus Flavanone Hesperetin Induces Apoptosis in CTCL Cells via STAT3/Notch1/NFκB-Mediated Signaling Axis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:1459-1468. [DOI: 10.2174/1871521409666200324110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hesperetin is a natural compound known for its cholesterol-lowering effect and a wide
range of pharmacological activities.
Objectives:
Investigating the potential anticancer activities of Hesperetin in malignant hematolymphoid cell
lines HuT78 and MJ, derived from patients with Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL).
Methods:
The cytotoxic effect of Hesperetin on two different CTCL cell lines, HuT78 and MJ, was assessed by
MTS-based colorimetric assay. Apoptosis, cell cycle, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and molecular analysis
were performed using flow-cytometry and immunoblotting.
Results:
Hesperetin-treated CTCL cells were arrested at the sub-G1 phase of cell cycle with the concomitant
decrease in the expression of the cell cycle regulator protein cyclin B. In addition, the study found that the cellular
treatment with Hesperetin caused an induction of apoptosis, which was independent of ROS generation. Hesperetin
caused a significant decrease in the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and an increase in cleaved
caspase-3 and PARP proteins in CTCL cells. Furthermore, Hesperetin treatment in CTCL cells down-regulated
the expression of Notch1 and phosphorylation of STAT3 (Tyr705) and inhibited NFκBp65.
Conclusion:
This study highlights the anticancer properties of Hesperetin. Which induces apoptosis in CTCL
cells via STAT3/Notch1/NFκB mediated signaling pathway, suggesting that further development of this novel
class of flavonoid may contribute to new drug discovery for certain hematolymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atish Kizhakeyil
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | | | - Fathima B. Mirza
- VRR Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatesh R. Vijay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | - Pin S. Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | - Navin K. Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | | | - Shila Samuel
- VRR Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Ma Y, Wen J, Wang J, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Li J, Feng X. Asiaticoside Antagonizes Proliferation and Chemotherapeutic Drug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924435. [PMID: 32862187 PMCID: PMC7480090 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most prevalent malignant tumor in China after lung cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and breast cancer, and has a high mortality rate. Though there are a series of therapeutic strategies is now available for HCC in clinical practice, the 5-year survival rate after surgery is still low. In addition, multi-drug resistance (MDR) is one of the most important factors responsible for the low survival rate and poor therapy response in HCC. Hence, novel treatment strategies and molecules for HCC need to be developed. Material/Methods We assessed the effect of asiaticoside, a natural product derived from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, on HCC cell proliferation and drug resistance. Results Our data indicated that asiaticoside significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC cell lines QGY-7703 and Bel-7402 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, asiaticoside significantly induced apoptosis in QGY-7703 and Bel-7402 cells. Treatment with asiaticoside also caused G1 cell cycle arrest in QGY-7703 and Bel-7402 cells. Western blot assay results indicated that the mechanism underlying the effects of asiaticoside involves inhibiting the activity of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways. Furthermore, asiaticoside significantly antagonized P-gp-mediated MDR in HCC cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that asiaticoside has the potential to be applied in the treatment of HCC patients, but further evidence is needed to confirm our results, particularly in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Wen
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Wang
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Lili Zhao
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Li
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xue Feng
- Second Department of Hepatopathy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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Yao Y, Zhang M, He L, Wang Y, Chen S. Evaluation of General Synthesis Procedures for Bioflavonoid-Metal Complexes in Air-Saturated Alkaline Solutions. Front Chem 2020; 8:589. [PMID: 32850628 PMCID: PMC7419984 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The general synthesis methods of bioflavonoid-metal complexes are considered to be unreliable due to the instability of flavonoids in air-saturated alkaline solutions. In this study, dihydromyricetin (DHM), as a representative bioflavonoid, was selected for complexation with various transition metal ions in an air-saturated alkaline solution to form DHM-metal(II) complexes, following the general synthetic procedure. After characterization, the metal complexes were hydrolyzed to observe the stability of DHM under acidic conditions via HPLC. The effects of synthetic conditions (metal ion, alkalinity, and reflux time) on DHM stability were then investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy and HPLC. Finally, using electron paramagnetic resonance, DHM and its analogs were observed with DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) to form a relatively stable free radical adduct. Multiple peaks corresponding to unknown compounds appeared in the LC spectra of the DHM-metal(II) complexes after hydrolysis, indicating that some DHM reacted during synthesis. Subsequently, the transition metal ion and solution alkalinity were found to have notable effects on the stability of free DHM. Furthermore, DHM and several of its analogs generated the superoxide-anion radical in air-saturated alkaline solutions. Their capacities for generating the superoxide anion seemed to correspond to the number and/or location of hydroxyl groups or their configurations. Interestingly, DHM can react with the superoxide anion to transform into myricetin, which involves the abstraction of a C3-H atom from DHM by O2 -. Therefore, the general synthetic procedure for bioflavonoid-metal complexes in air-saturated alkaline solutions should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyong Yao
- Tongren Key Laboratory for Modernization Research, Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Medicine, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Tongren Key Laboratory for Modernization Research, Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Medicine, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, China
| | - Laibing He
- Tongren Key Laboratory for Modernization Research, Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Medicine, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, China
| | - Yunyang Wang
- Tongren Key Laboratory for Modernization Research, Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Medicine, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, China
| | - Shixue Chen
- Tongren Key Laboratory for Modernization Research, Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and National Medicine, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, China
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128
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Results in Chemistry of Natural Organic Compounds. Synthesis of New Anticancer Vinca Alkaloids and Flavone Alkaloids. CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor indole–indoline alkaloids of the evergreen Catharanthus roseus—namely vinblastine and vincristine—are widely used in chemotherapy of cancer. Many efforts were made to synthesize more efficient derivatives with less side-effect. The 14,15-cyclopropane derivative of vinblastine was synthesized successfully by a five-step procedure starting from vindoline. Vincristine, vinorelbine and several derivatives condensed with a cyclopropane ring were synthesized. Various hybrid molecules were prepared by the coupling reaction of vindoline and methyl ester of tryptophan, which were conjugated by carrier peptides of octaarginine. Studying the halogenation reactions of vindoline and catharanthine some fluorine derivatives were obtained which showed promising antitumor activity on various tumor types. The synthesis of the Aspidospermane alkaloid bannucine and 5′-epibannucine were carried out using N-acyliminium intermediates. The same intermediate was also applied in the first synthesis of sessiline. The research group have synthesized of flavonoid alkaloids: dracocephins A and B. Further three flavonoid alkaloids, namely 8-(2”-pyrrolidinon-5′′-yl)quercetin, 6-(2′′-pyrrolidinon-5′′-yl)-(−)- and 8-(2′′-pyrrolidinon-5′′-yl)-(−)-epicatechin were prepared by acid-catalyzed regioselective Mannich reaction starting from the corresponding flavonoid precursor. Vindoline was also coupled to synthetic pharmacophores, such as triphenylphosphine and various N-heterocycles. Some of these hybrid molecules showed significant antitumor activity. Furthermore, 7-OH and 7-NH modified flavonoid derivatives were synthesized by a regioselective alkylation followed by Smiles rearrangement and hydrolysis.
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Sarapulova VV, Klevtsova AV, Pismenskaya ND. Electrostatic Interactions of Ion-Exchange Materials with Anthocyanins in the Processes of Their Sorption and Electrodialysis Extraction from Liquid Media. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751620040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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130
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Feng XL, Zhan XX, Zuo LSY, Mo XF, Zhang X, Liu KY, Li L, Zhang CX. Associations between serum concentration of flavonoids and breast cancer risk among Chinese women. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1347-1362. [PMID: 32683480 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that flavonols, flavones, flavanones and flavan-3-ols have preventive effects on breast carcinogenesis. Epidemiological evidence about the associations between these flavonoid biomarkers and breast cancer risk is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum concentration of these flavonoids and breast cancer risk among Chinese women. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study recruited 792 breast cancer cases and 813 age frequency-matched (5-year interval) controls who provided eligible blood samples in Guangdong Province, China. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure flavonoids. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence internal (CI). RESULTS Higher concentrations of serum flavonols, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, flavanones and naringenin were significantly associated with lower breast cancer risk, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the highest versus the lowest group of 0.66 (0.49-0.89) for flavonols, 0.52 (0.38-0.70) for isorhamnetin, 0.60 (0.45-0.80) for kaempferol, 0.65 (0.49-0.87) for flavanones and 0.45 (0.34-0.60) for naringenin, respectively. Significant positive associations were observed between serum flavan-3-ols, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and breast cancer risk. No significant associations were observed for serum quercetin, flavones, apigenin, luteolin, hesperetin, catechin, epicatechin and epicatechin-3-gallate with overall breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that serum flavonols and flavanones were inversely associated with breast cancer risk and serum flavan-3-ols were positively associated with breast cancer risk. Serum flavones were not associated with overall breast cancer risk. These findings warrant further confirmation in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Shi-Yuan Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Fei Mo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Barrientos RE, Simirgiotis MJ, Palacios J, Paredes A, Bórquez J, Bravo A, Cifuentes F. Chemical Fingerprinting, Isolation and Characterization of Polyphenol Compounds from Heliotropium taltalense (Phil.) I.M. Johnst and Its Endothelium-Dependent Vascular Relaxation Effect in Rat Aorta. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143105. [PMID: 32650373 PMCID: PMC7397318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heliotropium taltalense is an endemic species of the northern coast of Chile and is used as folk medicine. The polyphenolic composition of the methanolic and aqueous extract of the endemic Chilean species was investigated using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Heated Electrospray Ionization and Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-HESI-MS). Fifty-three compounds were detected, mainly derivatives of benzoic acid, flavonoids, and some phenolic acids. Furthermore, five major compounds were isolated by column chromatography from the extract, including four flavonoids and one geranyl benzoic acid derivative, which showed vascular relaxation and were in part responsible for the activity of the extracts. Since aqueous extract of H. taltalense (83% ± 9%, 100 μg/mL) produced vascular relaxation through an endothelium-dependent mechanism in rat aorta, and the compounds rhamnocitrin (89% ± 7%; 10−4 M) and sakuranetin (80% ± 6%; 10−4 M) also caused vascular relaxation similar to the extracts of H. taltalense, these pure compounds are, to some extent, responsible for the vascular relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Barrientos
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Mario J. Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
- Correspondence: or (M.J.S.); (J.P.); Tel.: +56-63-63233257 (M.J.S.); +56-57-2526910 (J.P.)
| | - Javier Palacios
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile
- Correspondence: or (M.J.S.); (J.P.); Tel.: +56-63-63233257 (M.J.S.); +56-57-2526910 (J.P.)
| | - Adrián Paredes
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Casilla 170, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (A.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Jorge Bórquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Casilla 170, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (A.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental (EPhyL), Instituto Antofagasta (IA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (A.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Fredi Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental (EPhyL), Instituto Antofagasta (IA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (A.B.); (F.C.)
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Lizardo RCM, Cho H, Lee J, Won Y, Seo K. Extracts of
Elaeagnus multiflora
Thunb. fruit fermented by lactic acid bacteria inhibit SW480 human colon adenocarcinoma via induction of cell cycle arrest and suppression of metastatic potential. J Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rona Camille M. Lizardo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology University of the Philippines Los Baños Laguna 4031 Philippines
- Department of Biotechnology Dong‐A University Busan 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Dong Cho
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72704 U.S.A
| | - Jin‐Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resources Industry Dong‐A University Busan 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong‐Seon Won
- Department of Biotechnology Dong‐A University Busan 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon‐Il Seo
- Department of Biotechnology Dong‐A University Busan 49315 Republic of Korea
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Deng X, Pi Y, Li Z, Xiong R, Liu J, Zhao J, Xie Z, Lei X, Tang G. FB-15 inhibits MGC-803 cells growth by regulating energy metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109186. [PMID: 32590071 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we scrutinized the anticancer effects of FB-15 on human gastric carcinoma MGC-803 cells in vitro and vivo, and its preliminary effect on tubulin and HIF-1α. We confirmed that FB-15 not only inhibited the proliferation of a large number of cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner but also inhibited proliferation of a single cell to form clones. FB-15 manifested little cytotoxicity for normal stomach cells GES-1. The flow cytometry analysis displayed that FB-15 induced apoptosis MGC-803 cells and mainly arrested cells in the S phase in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of the wound healing assay indicated that FB-15 suppressed cell migration. Furthermore, the western blotting showed that FB-15 down-regulated the expression of β3-tubulin and HIF-1α, consistent with Immunohistochemical assay. The binding modes of FB-15 with tubulin were clarified by molecular docking. FB-15 significantly suppressed the growth of MGC-803 gastric cancer tumors. The inhibitory effect of FB-15 on tumor growth was superior to 5-Fu. Taken together, these results provided evidence for FB-15 to be used as an effective anticancer drug candidate for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Deng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Pi
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Xiangnan University, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhongli Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Runde Xiong
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Jingduo Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Tang Q, Vianney YM, Weisz K, Grathwol CW, Link A, Bornscheuer UT, Pavlidis IV. Influence of Substrate Binding Residues on the Substrate Scope and Regioselectivity of a Plant
O
‐Methyltransferase against Flavonoids. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Tang
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Yoanes M. Vianney
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Klaus Weisz
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Christoph W. Grathwol
- Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Ioannis V. Pavlidis
- Dept. of ChemistryUniversity of Crete Voutes University Campus 70013 Heraklion Greece
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135
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De Luca D, Lauritano C. In Silico Identification of Type III PKS Chalcone and Stilbene Synthase Homologs in Marine Photosynthetic Organisms. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E110. [PMID: 32456002 PMCID: PMC7284882 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Marine microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms at the base of the marine food webs. They are characterized by huge taxonomic and metabolic diversity and several species have been shown to have bioactivities useful for the treatment of human pathologies. However, the compounds and the metabolic pathways responsible for bioactive compound synthesis are often still unknown. In this study, we aimed at analysing the microalgal transcriptomes available in the Marine Microbial Eukaryotic Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP) database for an in silico search of polyketide synthase type III homologs and, in particular, chalcone synthase (CHS) and stilbene synthase (STS), which are often referred to as the CHS/STS family. These enzymes were selected because they are known to produce compounds with biological properties useful for human health, such as cancer chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-viral and anti-diabetic. In addition, we also searched for 4-Coumarate: CoA ligase, an upstream enzyme in the synthesis of chalcones and stilbenes. This study reports for the first time the occurrence of these enzymes in specific microalgal taxa, confirming the importance for microalgae of these pathways and giving new insights into microalgal physiology and possible biotechnological applications for the production of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Luca
- Department of Humanities, Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa, CAP80135 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 Naples, Italy
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Kim SM, Vetrivel P, Ha SE, Kim HH, Kim JA, Kim GS. Apigetrin induces extrinsic apoptosis, autophagy and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cell. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 83:108427. [PMID: 32559585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Apigetrin is a flavonoid glycoside phytonutrient derived from fruits and vegetables that is well known for a variety of biological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, we determined the effect of apigetrin on AGS gastric cancer cell. Apigetrin reduced cancer cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by regulating cyclin B1, cdc25c and cdk1 protein expression in AGS cell. Apigetrin treatment caused apoptotic cell death in AGS cells, characterized by the accumulation of apoptosis portion, cleavage of caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Apigetrin-treated cells increased the expression of extrinsic apoptosis pathway proteins and mRNA. However, intrinsic apoptosis pathway related proteins were not altered. In addition, AGS cells treated with apigetrin increased autophagic cell death, featured by the formation of autophagic vacuole and acidic vesicular organelles. Autophagy marker proteins, such as LC3B-II and beclin-1, were increased, and p62, an autophagy flux marker protein, was also increased by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Also, the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins and its downstream targets in apigetrin-treated AGS cells was identified to be decreased. Taken together, these data suggest that apigetrin-treated AGS cells induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, extrinsic apoptosis and autophagic cell death through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which can lead to the inhibition of gastric cancer development. Thus, our findings strongly indicate that apigetrin is a basic natural derived compound that could be used as a nutrient source with potential anticancer activities against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 52828, Republic, Republic of Korea.
| | - Preethi Vetrivel
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 52828, Republic, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 52828, Republic, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 52828, Republic, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-A Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Korea, Jinju, 52833, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, 52828, Republic, Republic of Korea.
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Sugiyama T, Matsushima M, Ohdachi T, Hashimoto N, Hasegawa Y, Yokoi K, Kawabe T. Involvement of heme oxygenase-1 in suppression of T cell activation by quercetin. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:295-305. [PMID: 32397768 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1759623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Acute rejection is still a major problem in transplantation and one of the most important causes of late graft loss. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are widely used for suppression of T cell function to avoid graft rejection, but long-term use of these compounds is associated with serious toxicities. Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, has been demonstrated to exhibit cytoprotective effects through the induction of heme oxygenase (HO) -1, an enzyme involved in heme catabolism. We hypothesized that quercetin induces HO-1 in T cells and suppresses T cell function via HO-1. In the present study, we showed that quercetin suppressed the A23187-mediated expression of interleukin (IL) -2 in T cells. METHODS Mouse splenocytes, enriched T cells, and EL4 cells, a mouse T cell line, were treated with quercetin, and then stimulated with A23187, a calcium ionophore, concanavalin A, or anti-CD3ε and anti-CD28 antibodies. Cell proliferation, expression of IL-2, calcium mobilization, apoptosis, cell cycle, and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were investigated. RESULTS Quercetin induced HO-1, and this induction of HO-1 was implicated in the suppression of IL-2 production. Furthermore, the induction of HO-1 by quercetin suppressed the influx of calcium ions, a known trigger of IL-2 production. Additionally, quercetin suppressed T cell proliferation through promotion of cell cycle arrest via HO-1 induction, but quercetin did not induce apoptosis. To investigate the role of the signal transduction pathway in quercetin's effect on cell proliferation, we evaluated the phosphorylation of ERK in T cells. Quercetin suppressed the A23187-mediated stimulation of ERK, an effect that was mediated through HO-1. These results suggested that HO-1 is involved in the suppressive effects of quercetin on T cell activation and proliferation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the quercetin may be a promising candidate for inducing HO-1 in T cells, thereby facilitating immunosuppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miyoko Matsushima
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ohdachi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kawabe
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Sharma A, Gupta S, Chauhan S, Nair A, Sharma P. ASTILBIN: A PROMISING UNEXPLORED COMPOUND WITH MULTIDIMENSIONAL MEDICINAL AND HEALTH BENEFITS. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104894. [PMID: 32407960 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many flavonoids have various beneficial actions like anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic properties and many other clinical conditions. Astilbin is one such flavanoid compound having many physiological as well as pharmacological actions. PURPOSE To summarize the important findings from the research conducted using astilbin having significance to its physiological and pharmacological activities as well as the patents filed using astilbin. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and compilation of the collected literature. METHOD An extensive investigation of literature was done using several worldwide electronic scientific databases like PUBMED, SCOPUS, Science Direct and Google Scholar etc. All the article available in the English language that used our compound of interest i.e. astilbin, on the basis of inclusion criteria decided were retrieved from these databases, thoroughly reviewed and were summarized. RESULT It has been established that astilbin can play a vital in the management of diseases associated with immune system. It also possesses antibacterial, anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity. CONCLUSION These researches provide evidence that astilbin possesses great potential and thus can be utilized in the management of various disorders, thus establishing itself as a potential candidate for novel drug development. Also, there is still room for research on astilbin like it can be evaluated for anticancer potential, protective effect in various diabetic complications and many more. Overall observations from data suggested that astilbin is a promising compound and proved its efficacy in every preclinical study which is conducted till date. Some of the pharmacological activity is still unexplored. After successful preclinical trials, astilbin can go for further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemeed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemeed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India.
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemeed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India
| | - Anroop Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prerna Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, M M School of Pharmacy, M M University, Sadupur, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Polymethoxyflavones from Gardenia oudiepe (Rubiaceae) induce cytoskeleton disruption-mediated apoptosis and sensitize BRAF-mutated melanoma cells to chemotherapy. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 325:109109. [PMID: 32376239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 10 natural and semisynthetic flavonoids (1 to 10) were obtained from Gardenia oudiepe (Rubiaceae), an endemic plant from New Caledonia. Most of them were polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) of rare occurrence. After a cell viability screening test, PMFs 2 and 3 showed significant cytotoxic activity against A2058 human melanoma cells (IC50 = 3.92 and 8.18 μM, respectively) and were selected for in-depth pharmacological assays. Both compounds inhibited cell migration and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest after 72h of treatment. Immunofluorescence assays indicated that these outcomes were possibly related to the induction of cytoskeleton disruption associated to actin and tubulin depolymerization. These data were confirmed by molecular docking studies, which showed a good interaction between PMFs 2 and 3 and tubulin, particularly at the colchicine binding site. As A2058 are considered as chemoresistant to conventional chemotherapy, compounds 2 and 3 (½IC50) were associated to clinically-used antimelanoma drugs (vemurafenib and dacarbazine) and combined therapies efficacy was assessed by the MTT assay. PMFs 2 restored the sensitivity of A2058 cells to dacarbazine treatment (IC50 = 49.38 μM vs. >100 μM). Taken together, these data suggest that PMFs from G. oudiepe could be potential leaders for the design of new antimelanoma drugs.
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Investigation of the interactions between flavonoids and human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 using fluorescent substrate and 3D-QSAR analysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183210. [PMID: 32006472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) is a key hepatic uptake transporter whose inhibition could lead to adverse drug-drug and drug-food interactions. Flavonoids are widely distributed in food and beverages and thus our bodies are frequently exposed to them. Therefore, investigation of the interactions between OATP1B1 and flavonoids could be of great significance. In the present study, 25 common flavonoids were investigated for their interactions with OATP1B1 using the fluorescent substrate 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis. Kinetic study showed that OATP1B1-mediated DCF uptake exhibited a monophasic saturation kinetics with a Km value of 9.7 ± 2.4 μM. Inhibition assay for flavonoids on OATP1B1-mediated DCF uptake was performed and their IC50 values were determined upon which reliable and predictive CoMFA (q2 = 0.604, r2 = 0.841) and CoMSIA (q2 = 0.534, r2 = 0.807) models were developed. Our experimental and computational results showed that flavonoid aglycones interacted with OATP1B1 much stronger than their glycosides such as 3-O- and 7-O-glycosides as bulky hydrophilic and hydrogen-bond forming substituents at C-3 and C-7 positions on rings A and C were unfavorable for their binding. On the other hand, the presence of hydrogen-bond forming groups on ring B was beneficial as long as the number of hydroxyl groups was not >2. Our results also indicated that flavones usually interacted with OATP1B1 much stronger than their 3-hydroxyflavone counterparts (flavonols). The obtained information and 3D-QSAR models could be useful for elucidating and predicting the interactions between flavonoids and human OATP1B1.
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141
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Ran LQ, Li XL, Liu MH, Wang QA. Synthesis and antiproliferative activities of polymethoxyflavones aminoalkyl and amino acid derivatives. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTwelve novel aminoalkyl derivatives 3a-3f, 4a-4f and four novel amino acid derivatives 5a, 5b, 6a and 6b of polymethoxyflavones 1 and 2 were synthesized through regioselective demethylation, etherification, amination, EDCl-mediated amide condensation and alkaline hydrolysis, using tangeretin and nobiletin as starting materials. Their antiproliferative activities against four different human cancer cell lines (Aspc-1, SUN5, HepG-2 and HCT116) were evaluated by in vitro CCK-8 assay. The results show that the majority of the synthetic compounds exhibited moderate to good antiproliferative activity. In particular, the antiproliferative activity of compound 5b against HepG-2 cells (IC50 0.057 μM) was equal to the positive control drug Staurosporine (IC50 0.0575 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-qiong Ran
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Xue-li Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Man-hui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Qiu-an Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
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Tousi MS, Sepehri H, Khoee S, Farimani MM, Delphi L, Mansourizadeh F. Evaluation of apoptotic effects of mPEG-b-PLGA coated iron oxide nanoparticles as a eupatorin carrier on DU-145 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines. J Pharm Anal 2020; 11:108-121. [PMID: 33717617 PMCID: PMC7930876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have so far confirmed the efficiency of phytochemicals in the treatment of prostate cancer. Eupatorin, a flavonoid with a wide range of phytomedical activities, suppresses proliferation of and induces apoptosis of multiple cancer cell lines. However, low solubility, poor bioavailability, and rapid degradation limit its efficacy. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the use of mPEG-b-poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) coated iron oxide nanoparticles as a carrier could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of eupatorin in DU-145 and LNcaP human prostate cancer cell lines. Nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method and were fully characterized for morphology, surface charge, particle size, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug-release profile. The inhibitory effect of nanoparticles on cell viability was evaluated by MTT test. Apoptosis was then determined by Hoechest staining, cell cycle analysis, NO production, annexin/propidium iodide (PI) assay, and Western blotting. The results indicated that eupatorin was successfully entrapped in Fe3O4@mPEG-b-PLGA nanoparticles with an efficacy of (90.99 ± 2.1)%. The nanoparticle’s size was around (58.5 ± 4) nm with a negative surface charge [(−34.16 ± 1.3) mV]. In vitro release investigation showed a 30% initial burst release of eupatorin in 24 h, followed by sustained release over 200 h. The MTT assay indicated that eupatorin-loaded Fe3O4@mPEG-b-PLGA nanoparticles exhibited a significant decrease in the growth rate of DU-145 and LNcaP cells and their IC50 concentrations were 100 μM and 75 μM, respectively. Next, apoptosis was confirmed by nuclear condensation, enhancement of cell population in the sub-G1 phase and increased NO level. Annexin/PI analysis demonstrated that eupatorin-loaded Fe3O4@mPEG-b-PLGA nanoparticles could increase apoptosis and decrease necrosis frequency. Finally, Western blotting analysis confirmed these results and showed that Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the cleaved caspase-3 level were up-regulated by the designing nanoparticles. Encapsulation of eupatorin in Fe3O4@mPEG-b-PLGA nanoparticles increased its anticancer effects in prostate cancer cell lines as compared to free eupatorin. Based on these results, this formulation can provide a sustained eupatorin-delivery system for cancer treatment with the drug remaining active at a significantly lower dose, making it a suitable candidate for pharmacological uses. In the current study, Eupatorin was efficiently encapsulated in mPEG-b-PLGA coated iron oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles bypass the limitations and provide a sustained release of Eupatorin into the human prostate cancer cell. The designed nanoparticles can be more effective in inhibiting cancer cell growth as compared to free form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Shalchi Tousi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houri Sepehri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moridi Farimani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Delphi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Mansourizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Zeng X, Su W, Liu B, Chai L, Shi R, Yao H. A Review on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Naringin and Its Therapeutic Efficacies in Respiratory Diseases. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:286-293. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191009162641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are an important class of phytopharmaceuticals in plants. Naringin (naringenin-
7-O-rhamnoglucoside) is a flavanone glycoside isolated from folk herbal medicine Exocarpium Citri
grandis (called Huajuhong in Chinese). Massive experimental works have been performed on naringin
describing its phytochemical, pharmacokinetic, and bioactive properties. Naringin was found to possess
multiple pharmacological activities in relieving inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular
disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Recently, it has been approved as a potential antitussive
and expectorant for clinical trials. However, the pharmacokinetic aspects of naringin and its therapeutic
potentials in respiratory diseases have not been comprehensively reviewed. The present review provides
highlights of naringin with respect to its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and its
therapeutic effects on cough, phlegm, and pulmonary inflammation. This review would be helpful for
the interpretation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of naringin in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Buming Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 530022 Nanning, China
| | - Ling Chai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 530022 Nanning, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
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Dube PN, Sakle NS, Dhawale SA, More SA, Mokale SN. Synthesis, Biological Investigation and Docking Study of Novel Chromen Derivatives as Anti-Cancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1150-1160. [PMID: 30848213 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190307121145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the latest global cancer data, cancer burden rises to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million cancer deaths in 2018. Among that female breast cancer ranks as the fifth leading cause of death (627000 deaths, 6.6%). The main causative factor involved in breast cancer development and progression is the Estrogen Receptor (ER) which is the essential target for anti-cancer drug discovery. Since millennia ER-α has been considered as an oncology mark for the treatment of breast cancer. METHODS A series of novel 6-methyl-3-(3-oxo-1-phenyl-3-(4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)propyl)-2Hchromen- 2-one was designed, synthesized and screened for their anti-breast cancer activity against estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7, ZR-75-1 and negative MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cell lines. Estrogen level of all the potent cytotoxic compounds were measured on day 30 of intoxication was compared with the control and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) group. The docking study was performed to predict binding orientation towards the estrogen receptor-α. RESULTS Among the synthesized compounds C-3, C-5 and C-15 were showing potent cytotoxicity against estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7. The potent cytotoxic compounds C-3, C-5 and C-15 were further evaluated for in vivo anti-cancer activity by MNU induced mammary carcinoma in female sprague-dawley rats. The in vivo anticancer activity result shows that the compound C-5 has protuberant affinity towards estrogen receptor as standard TAM (Tamoxifen). The docking of the synthesized chromen derivatives showed interaction modes comparable to that of the co-crystallized ligands. CONCLUSION The designed class has very promising starting point for the development and further improvement in anti-breast cancer class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam N Dube
- Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad-431001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil S Sakle
- Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad-431001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin A Dhawale
- Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad-431001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shweta A More
- Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad-431001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Santosh N Mokale
- Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad-431001, Maharashtra, India
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Ben Othmen K, Elfalleh W, García Beltrán JM, Esteban MÁ, Haddad M. An in vitro study of the effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) leaf extracts on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) leucocyte activities. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and bactericidal properties. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:35-43. [PMID: 32032761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carob leaves, the main residues of the carob tree, were investigated as a renewable and abundant source of bioactive compounds for fish aquaculture. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts obtained from carob leaves were characterized in terms of biochemical composition, antiradical and cytotoxic effects and immunostimulant and antibacterial activities. The ethanolic extract showed higher levels of total phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannins and higher antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract. No significant immunostimulant effects were observed on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) head kidney leucocytes (viability, phagocytosis and respiratory burst activities and peroxidase content) after incubation for 24 h with different extracts. Furthermore, the ethanolic extracts used at 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg mL-1 and aqueous extracts at 1 g mL-1 had a cytotoxic effect on PLHC-1 cells. When the bactericidal activity was tested against three fish pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum and Photobacterium damselae) notable activity of the different extracts was detected against P. damselae at all three concentrations. A similar effect was demonstrated against V. haryeri when ethanolic extracts were used in the same range of concentrations. This work demonstrates interesting in vitro effects of carob leaf extracts and suggests it could be used as an alternative to chemical compounds with farmed fish. The concentration and nature of the extracts were very important in terms of any positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khajida Ben Othmen
- Laboratoire d'Aridocultures et des Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides, Nahel, Gabès, 6051, Tunisia
| | - Walid Elfalleh
- Unité de Recherche Catalyse et Matériaux pour l'Environnement et les Procédés URCMEP (UR11ES85), Faculté des Sciences de Gabès/Université de Gabès, Campus Universitaire Cité Erriadh, Gabès, 6072, Tunisia
| | - José María García Beltrán
- Fish Innate Immune System Group. Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group. Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mansour Haddad
- Laboratoire d'Aridocultures et des Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides, Nahel, Gabès, 6051, Tunisia
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Ballesteros-Vivas D, Alvarez-Rivera G, León C, Morantes SJ, Ibánez E, Parada-Alfonso F, Cifuentes A, Valdés A. Foodomics evaluation of the anti-proliferative potential of Passiflora mollissima seeds. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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147
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DNA-BINDING and DNA-protecting activities of small natural organic molecules and food extracts. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 323:109030. [PMID: 32205154 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes literature data on the DNA-binding, DNA-protecting and DNA-damaging activities of a range of natural human endogenous and exogenous compounds. Small natural organic molecules bind DNA in a site-specific mode, by arranging tight touch with the structure of the major and minor grooves, as well as individual bases in the local duplex DNA. Polyphenols are the best-studied exogenous compounds from this point of view. Many of them demonstrate hormetic effects, producing both beneficial and damaging effects. An attempt to establish the dependence of DNA damage or DNA protection on the concentration of the compound turned out to be successful for some polyphenols, daidzein, genistein and resveratrol, which were DNA protecting in low concentrations and DNA damaging in high concentrations. There was no evident dependence on concentration for quercetin and kaempferol. Probably, the DNA-protecting effect is associated with the affinity to DNA. Caffeine and theophylline are DNA binders; at the same time, they favor DNA repair. Although most alkaloids damage DNA, berberine can protect DNA against damage. Among the endogenous compounds, hormones belonging to the amine class, thyroid and steroid hormones appear to bind DNA and produce some DNA damage. Thus, natural compounds continue to reveal beneficial or adverse effects on genome integrity and provide a promising source of therapeutic activities.
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148
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Tuenter E, Creylman J, Verheyen G, Pieters L, Van Miert S. Development of a classification model for the antigenotoxic activity of flavonoids. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103705. [PMID: 32171992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic agents are capable of causing damage to genetic material and the cumulative DNA damage causes mutations, involved in the development of various pathological conditions, including cancer. Antigenotoxic agents possess the potential to counteract these detrimental cellular modifications and may aid in preventing, delaying, or decreasing the severity of these pathological conditions. An important class of natural products for which promising antigenotoxic activities have already been shown, are the flavonoids. In this research, we investigated the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of flavonoids and their antigenotoxic activity against benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and its mutagenic metabolite B[a]P-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-2. Random Forest classification models were developed, which could be useful as a preliminary in silico evaluation tool, before performing in vitro or in vivo experiments. The descriptors G2S and R8s. were the most significant for predicting the antigenotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Tuenter
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jan Creylman
- RADIUS Group, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Geel, Belgium
| | - Geert Verheyen
- RADIUS Group, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Geel, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabine Van Miert
- RADIUS Group, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Geel, Belgium
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Slimestad R, Fossen T, Brede C. Flavonoids and other phenolics in herbs commonly used in Norwegian commercial kitchens. Food Chem 2020; 309:125678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Du Y, Yang B, Yi Z, Hu L, Li M. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae Coculture Platform for the Production of Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2146-2154. [PMID: 31984739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are valuable natural products widely used in human health and nutrition applications. Engineering microbial consortia to express complex flavonoid biosynthetic pathways is a promising approach for flavonoid production. In this study, the entire flavonoid biosynthetic pathway was split into two independent pathways, each of which was contained in separate Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The first cell type, sNAR5, which was genetically engineered to express the naringenin biosynthetic pathway, produced 144.1 mg/L naringenin. The second cell type was genetically modified with the heterologous naringenin-to-delphinidin pathway. A coculture produced a delphinidin titer, significantly higher than that produced in a monoculture of strain sDPD2, harboring the entire pathway. Furthermore, we successfully employed this coculture platform for the production of 3 flavonols and 2 anthocyanidins in flask-scale culture. This coculture platform paves the way for the development of an economical and efficient process for microbial flavonoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Du
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei Province 430070 , China
| | - Binrui Yang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei Province 430070 , China
| | - Zhiqiang Yi
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei Province 430070 , China
| | - Lanlan Hu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei Province 430070 , China
| | - Mu Li
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditional Fermented Foods, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei Province 430070 , China
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