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Fecal Metagenomics and Metabolomics Identifying Microbial Signatures in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054855. [PMID: 36902288 PMCID: PMC10002933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has intensified, creating diagnostic challenges and increasing the need for reliable non-invasive diagnostic tools. Due to the importance of the gut-liver axis in the progression of NAFLD, studies attempt to reveal microbial signatures in NAFLD, evaluate them as diagnostic biomarkers, and to predict disease progression. The gut microbiome affects human physiology by processing the ingested food into bioactive metabolites. These molecules can penetrate the portal vein and the liver to promote or prevent hepatic fat accumulation. Here, the findings of human fecal metagenomic and metabolomic studies relating to NAFLD are reviewed. The studies present mostly distinct, and even contradictory, findings regarding microbial metabolites and functional genes in NAFLD. The most abundantly reproducing microbial biomarkers include increased lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycan biosynthesis, enhanced degradation of lysine, increased levels of branched chain amino acids, as well as altered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Among other causes, the discrepancies between the studies may be related to the obesity status of the patients and the severity of NAFLD. In none of the studies, except for one, was diet considered, although it is an important factor driving gut microbiota metabolism. Future studies should consider diet in these analyses.
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102
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Kao CC, Yang ZY, Chen WL. The association between dietary fiber intake and sarcopenia. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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103
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Harshaw NS, Meyer MD, Stella NA, Lehner KM, Kowalski RP, Shanks RMQ. The Short-chain Fatty Acid Propionic Acid Activates the Rcs Stress Response System Partially through Inhibition of d-Alanine Racemase. mSphere 2023; 8:e0043922. [PMID: 36645277 PMCID: PMC9942566 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00439-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Enterobacterial Rcs stress response system reacts to envelope stresses through a complex two-component phosphorelay system to regulate a variety of environmental response genes, such as capsular polysaccharide and flagella biosynthesis genes. However, beyond Escherichia coli, the stresses that activate Rcs are not well-understood. In this study, we used a Rcs system-dependent luminescent transcriptional reporter to screen a library of over 240 antimicrobial compounds for those that activated the Rcs system in Serratia marcescens, a Yersiniaceae family bacterium. Using an isogenic rcsB mutant to establish specificity, both new and expected activators were identified, including the short-chain fatty acid propionic acid, which is found at millimolar levels in the human gut. Propionic acid did not reduce the bacterial intracellular pH, as was hypothesized for its antibacterial mechanism. Instead, data suggest that the Rcs-activation by propionic acid is due, in part, to an inactivation of alanine racemase. This enzyme is responsible for the biosynthesis of d-alanine, which is an amino-acid that is required for the generation of bacterial cell walls. Consistent with what was observed in S. marcescens, in E. coli, alanine racemase mutants demonstrated elevated expression of the Rcs-reporter in a d-alanine-dependent and RcsB-dependent manner. These results suggest that host gut short-chain fatty acids can influence bacterial behavior via the activation of the Rcs stress response system. IMPORTANCE The Rcs bacterial stress response system responds to envelope stresses by globally altering gene expression to profoundly impact host-pathogen interactions, virulence, and antibiotic tolerance. In this study, a luminescent Rcs-reporter plasmid was used to screen a library of compounds for activators of Rcs. Among the strongest inducers was the short-chain fatty acid propionic acid, which is found at high concentrations in the human gut. This study suggests that gut short-chain fatty acids can affect both bacterial virulence and antibiotic tolerance via the induction of the Rcs system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S. Harshaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mitchell D. Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Stella
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kara M. Lehner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Regis P. Kowalski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert M. Q. Shanks
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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104
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Fock E, Parnova R. Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Protection by Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040657. [PMID: 36831324 PMCID: PMC9954192 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is implicated in the numerous neurological disorders associated with neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and aging. It is now evident that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate and propionate, produced by anaerobic bacterial fermentation of the dietary fiber in the intestine, have a key role in the communication between the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system and are critically important for the preservation of the BBB integrity under different pathological conditions. The effect of SCFAs on the improvement of the compromised BBB is mainly based on the decrease in paracellular permeability via restoration of junctional complex proteins affecting their transcription, intercellular localization or proteolytic degradation. This review is focused on the revealed and putative underlying mechanisms of the direct and indirect effects of SCFAs on the improvement of the barrier function of brain endothelial cells. We consider G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated effects of SCFAs, SCFAs-stimulated acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins via inhibition of histone deacetylases, and crosstalk of these signaling pathways with transcriptional factors NF-κB and Nrf2 as mainstream mechanisms of SCFA's effect on the preservation of the BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rimma Parnova
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-552-79-01; Fax: +7-812-552-30-12
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105
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Guo J, Terhorst I, Stammer P, Ibrahim A, Oberhuber A, Eierhoff T. The short-chain fatty acid butyrate exerts a specific effect on VE-cadherin phosphorylation and alters the integrity of aortic endothelial cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1076250. [PMID: 36846596 PMCID: PMC9944439 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1076250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate (BUT) largely influence vascular integrity and are closely associated with the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. However, their impact on vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC), a major vascular adhesion and signaling molecule, is largely unknown. Here, we explored the effect of the SCFA BUT on the phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues of VEC (Y731, Y685, and Y658), which are reported to be critical for VEC regulation and vascular integrity. Moreover, we shed light on the signaling pathway engaged by BUT to affect the phosphorylation of VEC. Thereby, we used phospho-specific antibodies to evaluate the phosphorylation of VEC in response to the SCFA sodium butyrate in human aortic endothelial cells (HAOECs) and performed dextran assays to analyze the permeability of the EC monolayer. The role of c-Src and SCFA receptors FFAR2 and FFAR3 in the induction of VEC phosphorylation was analyzed using inhibitors and antagonists for c-Src family kinases and FFAR2/3, respectively, as well as by RNAi-mediated knockdown. Localization of VEC in response to BUT was assessed by fluorescence microscopy. BUT treatment of HAOEC resulted in the specific phosphorylation of Y731 at VEC with minor effects on Y685 and Y658. Thereby, BUT engages FFAR3, FFAR2, and c-Src kinase to induce phosphorylation of VEC. VEC phosphorylation correlated with enhanced endothelial permeability and c-Src-dependent remodeling of junctional VEC. Our data suggest that BUT, an SCFA and gut microbiota-derived metabolite, impacts vascular integrity by targeting VEC phosphorylation with potential impact on the pathophysiology and therapy of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Stammer
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Abdulhakim Ibrahim
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Oberhuber
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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106
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Liu T, Yu H, Wang S, Li H, Du X, He X. Chondroitin sulfate alleviates osteoporosis caused by calcium deficiency by regulating lipid metabolism. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:6. [PMID: 36747190 PMCID: PMC9901125 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of non-drug intervention for calcium deficiency has attracted attention in recent years. Although calcium carbonate is the preferred raw material for calcium supplementation, there are few reports on the mechanism of the combined action of chondroitin sulfate and calcium to alleviate osteoporosis from the perspective of gut microbiota and metabolomics. In this study, a rat model of osteoporosis was established by feeding a low-calcium diet. The intestinal microbiota abundance, fecal and plasma metabolite expression levels of rats fed a basal diet, a low-calcium diet, a low-calcium diet plus calcium carbonate, and a low-calcium diet plus chondroitin sulfate were compared. The results showed that compared with the low calcium group, the calcium content and bone mineral density of femur were significantly increased in the calcium carbonate and chondroitin sulfate groups. 16 S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis showed that chondroitin sulfate intervention could reduce short-chain fatty acid synthesis of intestinal flora, slow down inflammatory response, inhibit osteoclast differentiation, promote calcium absorption and antioxidant mechanism, and alleviate osteoporosis in low-calcium feeding rats. Correlation analysis showed that the selected intestinal flora was significantly correlated with metabolites enriched in feces and plasma. This study provides scientific evidence of the potential impact of chondroitin sulfate as a dietary supplement for patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Hai Yu
- grid.272242.30000 0001 2168 5385Division of Cancer RNA Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Shuai Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jining, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Huimin Li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839National Human Genetic Resources Center; National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xinyiran Du
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280College of Stomatology, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067 Shandong China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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107
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Filosa A, Sawamiphak S. Heart development and regeneration-a multi-organ effort. FEBS J 2023; 290:913-930. [PMID: 34894086 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of the heart, from early morphogenesis to functional maturation, as well as maintenance of its homeostasis are tasks requiring collaborative efforts of cardiac tissue and different extra-cardiac organ systems. The brain, lymphoid organs, and gut are among the interaction partners that can communicate with the heart through a wide array of paracrine signals acting at local or systemic level. Disturbance of cardiac homeostasis following ischemic injury also needs immediate response from these distant organs. Our hearts replace dead muscles with non-contractile fibrotic scars. We have learned from animal models capable of scarless repair that regenerative capability of the heart does not depend only on competency of the myocardium and cardiac-intrinsic factors but also on long-range molecular signals originating in other parts of the body. Here, we provide an overview of inter-organ signals that take part in development and regeneration of the heart. We highlight recent findings and remaining questions. Finally, we discuss the potential of inter-organ modulatory approaches for possible therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Filosa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Suphansa Sawamiphak
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
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108
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Michaels M, Madsen KL. Immunometabolism and microbial metabolites at the gut barrier: Lessons for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:72-85. [PMID: 36642380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The concept of immunometabolism has emerged recently whereby the repolarizing of inflammatory immune cells toward anti-inflammatory profiles by manipulating cellular metabolism represents a new potential therapeutic approach to controlling inflammation. Metabolic pathways in immune cells are tightly regulated to maintain immune homeostasis and appropriate functional specificity. Because effector and regulatory immune cell populations have different metabolic requirements, this allows for cellular selectivity when regulating immune responses based on metabolic pathways. Gut microbes have a major role in modulating immune cell metabolic profiles and functional responses through extensive interactions involving metabolic products and crosstalk between gut microbes, intestinal epithelial cells, and mucosal immune cells. Developing strategies to target metabolic pathways in mucosal immune cells through the modulation of gut microbial metabolism has the potential for new therapeutic approaches for human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. This review will give an overview of the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and immune responses, how microbial metabolites influence these interactions, and how these pathways could be harnessed in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret Michaels
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; IMPACTT: Integrated Microbiome Platforms for Advancing Causation Testing & Translation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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109
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Bhatt S, Gupta M. Dietary fiber from fruit waste as a potential source of metabolites in maintenance of gut milieu during ulcerative colitis: A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112329. [PMID: 36737922 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease, particularly ulcerative colitis (UC), has increased dramatically in the past few years owing to a changed lifestyle. Despite various therapeutic treatments, management of the disease is still an issue due to several limitations, including cost and adverse reactions. In this regard, researchers and consumers are inclined towards natural herbal medicines and prophylactic agents. Of these, dietary fiber (DF) (polysaccharides) has become an important topic of interest owing to various putative health attributes, particularly for diseases associated with the large intestine, such as UC. To fulfil industrial and scientific demands of dietary fibers, waste utilization can prove advantageous. Here, the present review highlights recent comprehensive advances in dietary fiber from waste resources in improving UC. Additionally, their role in the gut-associated microbiome, pathway for metabolites synthesis, inflammation, and its mediators. Moreover, here we also discussed short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) transport and epithelial barrier function along with the mechanism of inflammation regulation. Collectively, it depicts dietary fiber from waste resources that could regulate various cellular processes and molecular mechanisms involved in perpetuating UC and can be used as a promising therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Bhatt
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mahesh Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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110
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L K, Ng TKS, Wee HN, Ching J. Gut-brain axis through the lens of gut microbiota and their relationships with Alzheimer's disease pathology: Review and recommendations. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111787. [PMID: 36736919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome (GM) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD through the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGB). Alterations in GM composition and diversity have been observed in both animal models and in human patients with AD. GM dysbiosis has been implicated in increased intestinal permeability, blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment, neuroinflammation and the development of hallmarks of AD. Further elucidation of the role of GM in AD could pave way for the development of holistic predictive methods for determining AD risk and progression of disease. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that GM modulation could alleviate adverse symptoms of AD or serve as a preventive measure. In addition, increasing evidence shows that Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is often comorbid with AD, with common GM alterations and inflammatory response, which could chart the development of GM-related treatment interventions for both diseases. We conclude by exploring the therapeutic potential of GM in alleviating symptoms of AD and in reducing risk. Furthermore, we also propose future directions in AD research, namely fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishaa L
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ted Kheng Siang Ng
- Arizona State University, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, USA.
| | - Hai Ning Wee
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
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111
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Zhou MM, Li DW, Xu L, Kong B, Wang X, Tang YH, Huang H, Liu Y. Propionate alleviated post-infarction cardiac dysfunction by macrophage polarization in a rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109618. [PMID: 36565559 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The propionate (C3), the important components of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), had the effect of inhibiting pro-inflammatory macrophages. Earlier macrophages phenotypic transition from pro-inflammatory M1 to reparative M2 in early stage was a central juncture of cardiac dysfunction mitigation after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS 160 Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 4 groups: sham group (n = 40), sham + C3 group (n = 40), MI group (n = 40) and MI + C3 group (n = 40). The rats in sham + C3 and MI + C3 group were treated with oral sodium propionate (200 mM), and equivalent concentration of sodium chloride was administered in sham and MI group as control. After 7 days of propionate adaptive feeding, rats were anesthetized and induced the MI by coronary occlusion. The classification of macrophages, the level of inflammatory factors and inflammatory signaling were estimated at 3rd days after thoracotomy, and the extent of myocardial fibrosis was evaluated at 7th and 28th days after operation. Echocardiography was estimated on 28th day after surgery. RAW264.7 cells, stimulated by LPS + IFN-γ with or without propionate, were harvested for western blot and supernatants were collected for cytokine analysis by ELISA. RESULTS Propionate administration reduced the MI-induced myocardial fibrosis in infarcted border and attenuated cardiac function deterioration compared with MI group. In comparison with MI group, propionate promoted macrophages reduction, macrophage M2-like polarization, and inflammatory cytokines decrease in infarcted border zone following MI, which partly depends on the inhibition of JNK/P38/NFκB signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Oral propionate in early stage, as a nutritional intervention, alleviated post-MI chronic cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction at least in part by modulating macrophages polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokine, which were associated with reduction of JNK/P38/NFκB phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di-Wen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Hong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
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112
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Armstrong HK, Bording-Jorgensen M, Santer DM, Zhang Z, Valcheva R, Rieger AM, Sung-Ho Kim J, Dijk SI, Mahmood R, Ogungbola O, Jovel J, Moreau F, Gorman H, Dickner R, Jerasi J, Mander IK, Lafleur D, Cheng C, Petrova A, Jeanson TL, Mason A, Sergi CM, Levine A, Chadee K, Armstrong D, Rauscher S, Bernstein CN, Carroll MW, Huynh HQ, Walter J, Madsen KL, Dieleman LA, Wine E. Unfermented β-fructan Fibers Fuel Inflammation in Select Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:228-240. [PMID: 36183751 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are affected by dietary factors, including nondigestible carbohydrates (fibers), which are fermented by colonic microbes. Fibers are overall beneficial, but not all fibers are alike, and some patients with IBD report intolerance to fiber consumption. Given reproducible evidence of reduced fiber-fermenting microbes in patients with IBD, we hypothesized that fibers remain intact in select patients with reduced fiber-fermenting microbes and can then bind host cell receptors, subsequently promoting gut inflammation. METHODS Colonic biopsies cultured ex vivo and cell lines in vitro were incubated with oligofructose (5 g/L), or fermentation supernatants (24-hour anaerobic fermentation) and immune responses (cytokine secretion [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/meso scale discovery] and expression [quantitative polymerase chain reaction]) were assessed. Influence of microbiota in mediating host response was examined and taxonomic classification of microbiota was conducted with Kraken2 and metabolic profiling by HUMAnN2, using R software. RESULTS Unfermented dietary β-fructan fibers induced proinflammatory cytokines in a subset of IBD intestinal biopsies cultured ex vivo, and immune cells (including peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Results were validated in an adult IBD randomized controlled trial examining β-fructan supplementation. The proinflammatory response to intact β-fructan required activation of the NLRP3 and TLR2 pathways. Fermentation of β-fructans by human gut whole microbiota cultures reduced the proinflammatory response, but only when microbes were collected from patients without IBD or patients with inactive IBD. Fiber-induced immune responses correlated with microbe functions, luminal metabolites, and dietary fiber avoidance. CONCLUSION Although fibers are typically beneficial in individuals with normal microbial fermentative potential, some dietary fibers have detrimental effects in select patients with active IBD who lack fermentative microbe activities. The study is publicly accessible at the U.S. National Institutes of Health database (clinicaltrials.gov identification number NCT02865707).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Armstrong
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Michael Bording-Jorgensen
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deanna M Santer
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rosica Valcheva
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aja M Rieger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin Sung-Ho Kim
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie I Dijk
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ramsha Mahmood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Olamide Ogungbola
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - France Moreau
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hayley Gorman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robyn Dickner
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeremy Jerasi
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Inderdeep K Mander
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dawson Lafleur
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Cheng
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexandra Petrova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Terri-Lyn Jeanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew Mason
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Consolato M Sergi
- Anatomic Pathology Division, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arie Levine
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Holon, Israel
| | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Armstrong
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Rauscher
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew W Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hien Q Huynh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Levinus A Dieleman
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eytan Wine
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Parrón-Ballesteros J, Gordo RG, López-Rodríguez JC, Olmo N, Villalba M, Batanero E, Turnay J. Beyond allergic progression: From molecules to microbes as barrier modulators in the gut-lung axis functionality. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1093800. [PMID: 36793545 PMCID: PMC9923236 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1093800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The "epithelial barrier hypothesis" states that a barrier dysfunction can result in allergy development due to tolerance breakdown. This barrier alteration may come from the direct contact of epithelial and immune cells with the allergens, and indirectly, through deleterious effects caused by environmental changes triggered by industrialization, pollution, and changes in the lifestyle. Apart from their protective role, epithelial cells can respond to external factors secreting IL-25 IL-33, and TSLP, provoking the activation of ILC2 cells and a Th2-biased response. Several environmental agents that influence epithelial barrier function, such as allergenic proteases, food additives or certain xenobiotics are reviewed in this paper. In addition, dietary factors that influence the allergenic response in a positive or negative way will be also described here. Finally, we discuss how the gut microbiota, its composition, and microbe-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, alter not only the gut but also the integrity of distant epithelial barriers, focusing this review on the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Parrón-Ballesteros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén García Gordo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos López-Rodríguez
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nieves Olmo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Batanero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Turnay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Correspondence: Javier Turnay
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Kayongo A, Robertson NM, Siddharthan T, Ntayi ML, Ndawula JC, Sande OJ, Bagaya BS, Kirenga B, Mayanja-Kizza H, Joloba ML, Forslund SK. Airway microbiome-immune crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1085551. [PMID: 36741369 PMCID: PMC9890194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has significantly contributed to global mortality, with three million deaths reported annually. This impact is expected to increase over the next 40 years, with approximately 5 million people predicted to succumb to COPD-related deaths annually. Immune mechanisms driving disease progression have not been fully elucidated. Airway microbiota have been implicated. However, it is still unclear how changes in the airway microbiome drive persistent immune activation and consequent lung damage. Mechanisms mediating microbiome-immune crosstalk in the airways remain unclear. In this review, we examine how dysbiosis mediates airway inflammation in COPD. We give a detailed account of how airway commensal bacteria interact with the mucosal innate and adaptive immune system to regulate immune responses in healthy or diseased airways. Immune-phenotyping airway microbiota could advance COPD immunotherapeutics and identify key open questions that future research must address to further such translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kayongo
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Moses Levi Ntayi
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Josephine Caren Ndawula
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Obondo J. Sande
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernard S. Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sofia K. Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité - Universitatsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Sofia K. Forslund,
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115
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Tan XH, Gu YY, Song WP, Nan TG, Song WD, Fang D, Yuan YM, Xin ZC, Li XS, Guan RL. Transcriptome analysis highlights the role of ferroptosis in palmitic acid–induced endothelial dysfunction. Sex Med 2023; 11:qfac008. [PMID: 37056514 PMCID: PMC10089063 DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Palmitic acid (PA) has a lipotoxic effect on blood vessels, leading to endothelial dysfunction and cell death. The underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood.
Aim
We sought to investigate the effects of PA on endothelial cells, with an emphasis on ferroptosis.
Methods
Rat corpus cavernosum endothelial cells (RCCECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with PA to induce a pattern of cell death, as evidenced by the evaluation of cell viability. The differentially expressed genes were measured via RNA sequencing to reveal potential mechanisms. The intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), ferrous ion (Fe2+), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated using commercial kits. Western blot was performed to determine the expressions of relative proteins.
Outcomes
At the end of the study period, the evaluated outcomes were cell viability, transcriptome profiles, the expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), as well as levels of GSH, MDA, Fe2+, and ROS.
Results
PA-induced cell death of RCCECs and HUVECs was demonstrated in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Based on the findings of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), enrichment of many biological processes associated with cell cycle and response to stimulus occurred. More importantly, ferroptosis was highlighted in the bioinformatic analysis of both endothelial cells. The levels of intracellular Fe2+, MDA, and ROS were significantly increased following PA exposure while GSH was decreased, suggesting excessive iron accumulation, development of lipid peroxidation, and imbalanced redox homeostasis. Mechanistically, PA decreased the protein expression levels of GPX4 and SLC7A11 in endothelial cells, both of which played crucial roles in ferroptotic cell death.
Clinical Translation
This study suggests that ferroptosis may be a useful target for novel therapeutic interventions for endothelial dysfunction and cell death in vascular diseases such as erectile dysfunction.
Strengths and Limitations
In this study, we found that ferroptosis could participate in PA-induced endothelial dysfunction and cell death. A limitation of the study is that it did not shed light on the overall mechanisms of this process. Therefore, further research on the intricate networks of regulating ferroptosis is needed.
Conclusion
Overall, the occurrence of ferroptosis was demonstrated in the PA-treated HUVECs and RCCECs in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Tan
- Peking University First Hospital Department of Urology, , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center , Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Yang-Yang Gu
- Institute of Urology, Peking University , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center Department of Radiation Medicine, , Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wen-Peng Song
- Institute of Urology, Peking University , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Department of Stomatology, , Beijing 100070, PR China
| | - Tie-Gui Nan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, , Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Song
- Peking University First Hospital Department of Urology, , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center , Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Dong Fang
- Peking University First Hospital Department of Urology, , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center , Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Yi-Ming Yuan
- Peking University First Hospital Department of Urology, , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center , Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Xin
- the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, , Tianjin 300211, PR China
- Tianjin Medical University Institute of Urology, , Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- Peking University First Hospital Department of Urology, , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center , Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Rui-Li Guan
- Peking University First Hospital Department of Urology, , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University , Beijing 100034, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center , Beijing 100034, PR China
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Kassan M, Kwon Y, Munkhsaikhan U, Sahyoun AM, Ishrat T, Galán M, Gonzalez AA, Abidi AH, Kassan A, Ait-Aissa K. Protective Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids against Ang- II-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Brain Endothelial Cells: A Potential Role of Heme Oxygenase 2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:160. [PMID: 36671022 PMCID: PMC9854784 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites released from the gut microbiota, are altered during hypertension and obesity. SCFAs play a beneficial role in the cardiovascular system. However, the effect of SCFAs on cerebrovascular endothelial cells is yet to be uncovered. In this study, we use brain endothelial cells to investigate the in vitro effect of SCFAs on heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2) and mitochondrial function after angiotensin II (Ang-II) treatment. METHODS Brain human microvascular endothelial cells were treated with Ang-II (500 nM for 24 h) in the presence and absence of an SCFAs cocktail (1 μM; acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and/or HO-2 inhibitor (SnPP 5 μM). At the end of the treatment, HO-2, endothelial markers (p-eNOS and NO production), inflammatory markers (TNFα, NFκB-p50, and -p65), calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial ROS and H2O2, and mitochondrial respiration were determined in all groups of treated cells. KEY RESULTS Our data showed that SCFAs rescued HO-2 after Ang-II treatment. Additionally, SCFAs rescued Ang-II-induced eNOS reduction and mitochondrial membrane potential impairment and mitochondrial respiration damage. On the other hand, SCFAs reduced Ang-II-induced inflammation, calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial ROS, and H2O2. All of the beneficial effects of SCFAs on endothelial cells and mitochondrial function occurred through HO-2. CONCLUSIONS SCFAs treatment restored endothelial cells and mitochondrial function following Ang-II-induced oxidative stress. SCFAs exert these beneficial effects by acting on HO-2. Our results are opening the door for more studies to investigate the effect the of SCFAs/HO-2 axis on hypertension and obesity-induced cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modar Kassan
- College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37917, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Youngin Kwon
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Undral Munkhsaikhan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Bioscience Research and General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Amal M. Sahyoun
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Food Science and Agriculture Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - María Galán
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Rey Juan Carlos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexis A. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Ammaar H. Abidi
- College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37917, USA
- Department of Bioscience Research and General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Adam Kassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, CA 90004, USA
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37917, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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117
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Zhang Y, Xi Y, Yang C, Gong W, Wang C, Wu L, Wang D. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Attenuate 5-Fluorouracil-Induced THP-1 Cell Inflammation through Inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling via Glycerolphospholipid and Sphingolipid Metabolism. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020494. [PMID: 36677551 PMCID: PMC9864921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a common anti-tumor drug, but there is no effective treatment for its side effect, intestinal mucositis. The inflammatory reaction of macrophages in intestinal mucosa induced by 5-FU is an important cause of intestinal mucositis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the three important short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including sodium acetate (NaAc), sodium propionate (NaPc), and sodium butyrate (NaB), on human mononuclear macrophage-derived THP-1 cells induced by 5-FU. The expressions of intracellular ROS, pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the nuclear factor-κB/NLR family and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NF-κB/NLRP3) signaling pathway proteins were determined. Furthermore, the cell metabolites were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics techniques. Our results revealed that the three SCFAs inhibited pro-inflammatory factor expressions, including IL-1β and IL-6, when treated with 5-FU (p < 0.05). The ROS expression and NF-κB activity of 5-FU-treated THP-1 cells were inhibited by the three SCFAs pre-incubated (p < 0.05). Moreover, NLRP3 knockdown abolished 5-FU-induced IL-1β expression (p < 0.05). Further experiments showed that the three SCFAs affected 20 kinds of metabolites that belong to amino acid and phosphatidylcholine metabolism in THP-1 cells. These significantly altered metabolites were involved in amino acid metabolism and glycerolphospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. It is the first time that three important SCFAs (NaAc, NaPc, and NaB) were identified as inhibiting 5-FU-induced macrophage inflammation through inhibiting ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways and regulating glycerolphospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Medical Laboratory Department, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an 223022, China
| | - Changshui Yang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weijuan Gong
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (D.W.)
| | - Chengyin Wang
- Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (D.W.)
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118
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Pirkola L, Dicksved J, Loponen J, Marklinder I, Andersson R. Fecal microbiota composition affects in vitro fermentation of rye, oat, and wheat bread. Sci Rep 2023; 13:99. [PMID: 36596824 PMCID: PMC9810601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of dietary fiber by gut microbes produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), but fermentation outcomes are affected by dietary fiber source and microbiota composition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different fecal microbial compositions on in vitro fermentation of a standardized amount of oat, rye, and wheat breads. Two human fecal donors with different microbial community composition were recruited. Bread samples were digested enzymatically. An in vitro fermentation model was used to study SCFA production, dietary fiber degradation, pH, and changes in microbiota. Feces from donor I had high relative abundance of Bacteroides and Escherichia/Shigella, whereas feces from donor II were high in Prevotella and Subdoligranulum. Shifts in microbiota composition were observed during fermentation. SCFA levels were low in the samples with fecal microbiota from donor I after 8 h of fermentation, but after 24 h acetate and propionate levels were similar in the samples from the different donors. Butyrate levels were higher in the fermentation samples from donor II, especially with rye substrate, where high abundance of Subdoligranulum was observed. Dietary fiber degradation was also higher in the fermentation samples from donor II. In conclusion, fermentation capacity and substrate utilization differed between the two different microbiota compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pirkola
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden ,Fazer Sweden AB, P.O. Box 30180, 11343 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Dicksved
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7024, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ingela Marklinder
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 560, 75122 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roger Andersson
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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119
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Wei JX, Jiang HL, Chen XH. Endothelial cell metabolism in sepsis. World J Emerg Med 2023; 14:10-16. [PMID: 36713343 PMCID: PMC9842459 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2023.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction in sepsis is a pathophysiological feature of septic organ failure. Endothelial cells (ECs) exhibit specific metabolic traits and release metabolites to adapt to the septic state in the blood to maintain vascular homeostasis. METHODS Web of Science and PubMed were searched from inception to October 1, 2022. The search was limited to the English language only. Two reviewers independently identified studies related to EC metabolism in sepsis. The exclusion criteria were duplicate articles according to multiple search criteria. RESULTS Sixty articles were included, and most of them were cell and animal studies. These studies reported the role of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in EC homeostasis. including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. However, dysregulation of EC metabolism can contribute to sepsis progression. CONCLUSION There are few clinical studies on EC metabolism in sepsis. Related research mainly focuses on basic research, but some scientific problems have also been clarified. Therefore, this review may provide an overall comprehension and novel aspects of EC metabolism in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-xian Wei
- Emergency Department, the Second Affi liated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hui-lin Jiang
- Emergency Department, the Second Affi liated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiao-hui Chen
- Emergency Department, the Second Affi liated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China,Corresponding Author: Xiao-hui Chen,
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Khare S, Niharika, Singh A, Hussain I, Singh NB, Singh S. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Types, Working Principle, and Its Impact on Thrombosis and Gastrointestinal Disorders. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1541-1573. [PMID: 36222988 PMCID: PMC9554396 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario of the coronavirus pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), considerable efforts have been made to control the pandemic by the development of a strong immune system through massive vaccination. Just after the discovery of the genetic sequences of SARS-CoV-2, the development of vaccines became the prime focus of scientists around the globe. About 200 SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccines have already been entered into preclinical and clinical trials. Various traditional and novel approaches are being utilized as a broad range of platforms. Viral vector (replicating and non-replicating), nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), recombinant protein, virus-like particle, peptide, live attenuated virus, an inactivated virus approaches are the prominent attributes of the vaccine development. This review article includes the current knowledge about the platforms used for the development of different vaccines, their working principles, their efficacy, and the impacts of COVID-19 vaccines on thrombosis. We provide a detailed description of the vaccines that are already approved by administrative authorities. Moreover, various strategies utilized in the development of emerging vaccines that are in the trial phases along with their mode of delivery have been discussed along with their effect on thrombosis and gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Khare
- grid.411343.00000 0001 0213 924XPlant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 U.P. India
| | - Niharika
- grid.411343.00000 0001 0213 924XPlant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 U.P. India
| | - Ajey Singh
- grid.411488.00000 0001 2302 6594Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007 U.P. India
| | - Imtiyaz Hussain
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Government Degree College, University of Ladakh, Dras, Ladakh India
| | - Narsingh Bahadur Singh
- grid.411343.00000 0001 0213 924XPlant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 U.P. India
| | - Subhash Singh
- grid.16416.340000 0004 1936 9174The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY-14627 USA
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Desulfovibrio confers resilience to the comorbidity of pain and anxiety in a mouse model of chronic inflammatory pain. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:87-100. [PMID: 36441221 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic pain frequently suffer from anxiety symptoms. It has been well established that gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of pain and anxiety. However, it is unknown whether the gut microbiota, particularly the specific bacteria, play a role in the comorbidity of chronic pain and anxiety. METHODS Chronic inflammatory pain was induced in mice by a single injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Mice were then separated into anxiety-susceptible and anxiety-resilient phenotypes by hierarchical clustering analysis of behaviors. Fecal samples were collected to perform 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Chronic diazepam intervention served as a therapeutic strategy and its effect on the composition of gut microbiota was also determined. RESULTS α-Diversity and β-diversity both showed significant differences among the groups. A total of 12 gut bacteria were both altered after CFA injection and reversed by chronic diazepam treatment. More importantly, the pain hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors were relieved by chronic diazepam treatment. Interestingly, we also found that Desulfovibrio was increased in anxiety-resilient group compared to control and anxiety-susceptible groups. CONCLUSION Abnormal composition of gut microbiota plays an essential role in chronic pain as well as in anxiety. Besides, the increased level of Desulfovibrio in anxiety-resilient mice indicated its therapeutic effects on the comorbidity of pain and anxiety. Collectively, targeting gut microbiota, especially increasing the Desulfovibrio level, might be effective in the alleviation of chronic pain-anxiety comorbidity.
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Li D, Tang W, Wang Y, Gao Q, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Li S, Zhao H. An overview of traditional Chinese medicine affecting gut microbiota in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149751. [PMID: 36936157 PMCID: PMC10016694 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic metabolic disease with a complex pathophysiology, is caused by several variables. High-fat diets lead to the disruption of the gut microbiota and impaired gut barrier function in obese people. The dysbiosis and its metabolites through the intestinal barrier lead to an imbalance in energy metabolism and inflammatory response, which eventually contributes to the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Current medicines are therapeutic to obesity in the short term; however, they may bring significant physical and emotional problems to patients as major side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new therapeutic methods that have definite efficacy, can be taken for a long time, and have mild adverse effects. Numerous studies have demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can control the gut microbiota in a multi-targeted and comprehensive manner, thereby restoring flora homeostasis, repairing damaged intestinal mucosal barriers, and eventually curbing the development of obesity. The active ingredients and compounds of TCM can restore the normal physiological function of the intestinal mucosal barrier by regulating gut microbiota to regulate energy metabolism, inhibit fat accumulation, affect food appetite, and reduce intestinal mucosal inflammatory response, thereby effectively promoting weight loss and providing new strategies for obesity prevention and treatment. Although there are some studies on the regulation of gut microbiota by TCM to prevent and treat obesity, all of them have the disadvantage of being systematic and comprehensive. Therefore, this work comprehensively describes the molecular mechanism of obesity mediated by gut microbiota based on the research state of obesity, gut microbiota, and TCM. A comprehensive and systematic summary of TCM targeting the regulation of gut microbiota for the treatment of obesity should be conducted in order to provide new strategies and ideas for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Qi Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yongyi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yingming Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yike Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Haonan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Zhao,
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Ma H, Yang L, Liu Y, Yan R, Wang R, Zhang P, Bai Z, Liu Y, Ren Y, Li Y, Jiang X, Wang T, Ma P, Zhang Q, Li A, Guo M, Zhang X, Jia S, Wang H. Butyrate suppresses atherosclerotic inflammation by regulating macrophages and polarization via GPR43/HDAC-miRNAs axis in ApoE-/- mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282685. [PMID: 36888629 PMCID: PMC9994734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is regarded to an important signature of atherosclerosis (AS). Macrophage (Mψ) and related polarization have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of AS inflammation. Butyrate, a bioactive molecule produced by the intestinal flora, has been increasingly demonstrated to exhibit a vital role for regulating the inflammation in chronic metabolic diseases. However, the effectiveness and multiple anti-inflammation mechanisms of butyrate on AS still need to be further understood. ApoE-/- mice fed with high-fat diet as AS model were administered with sodium butyrate (NaB) for 14 weeks of treatment. Our results showed that the atherosclerotic lesion in the AS group was dramatically reduced after NaB intervention. Moreover, deteriorated routine parameters of AS including body weights (BWs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) were significantly reversed by NaB administration. Abnormal elevated plasma and aorta pro-inflammatory indicators including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as reduced anti-inflammatory IL-10 in plasma were respectively rectified after NaB administration. Consistently, accumulated Mψ and associated imbalance of polarization in the arota were attenuated with NaB treatment. Importantly, we demonstrated that the suppression of Mψ and associated polarization of NaB was dependent on binding G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) and inhibiting histone deacetylase HDAC3. Moreover, we found that intestinal butyrate-producing bacteria, anti-inflammatory bacteria and intestinal tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO)-1 may contribute to this effectiveness. Intriguingly, according to transcriptome sequencing of atherosclerotic aorta, 29 elevated and 24 reduced miRNAs were found after NaB treatment, especially miR-7a-5p, suggesting that non-coding RNA may possess a potential role in the protection of NaB against AS. Correlation analysis showed that there were close complicated interactions among gut microbiota, inflammation and differential miRNAs. Collectively, this study revealed that dietary NaB may ameliorate atherosclerotic inflammation by regulating Mψ polarization via GPR43/HDAC-miRNAs axis in ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Ma
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Libo Yang
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ru Yan
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhixia Bai
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qining Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Aifei Li
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mixue Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (SJ); (HW)
| | - Shaobin Jia
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (SJ); (HW)
| | - Hao Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (SJ); (HW)
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Su SH, Wu YF, Lin Q, Zhang L, Wang DP, Hai J. Fecal microbiota transplantation and replenishment of short-chain fatty acids protect against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced colonic dysfunction by regulating gut microbiota, differentiation of Th17 cells, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:313. [PMID: 36567333 PMCID: PMC9791754 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association between gut microbiota and intestinal injury under a state of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Here, the effects of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as important metabolic products, on intestinal function and potential mechanisms after CCH were investigated. METHODS Rats were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo) to induce CCH. The gut microbiota and metabolites of SCFAs were assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis of colon tissues was also conducted. Subsequently, potential molecular pathways and differentially expressed genes were verified by western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence analyses. Furthermore, the integrity of the colonic barrier was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and mucin 2 staining and expression levels of tight junction proteins. Besides, colonic inflammation was further assessed by flow cytometry and expression levels of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, colonic mitochondrial dysfunction was analyzed via membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, electron transport chain (ETC) activities, adenosine triphosphate content, and mitochondrial ultrastructure. RESULTS CCH modified gut microbial composition and microbial metabolism of SCFAs, which may be associated with inhibition of mitochondrial ETC activities and oxidative phosphorylation, leading to dysregulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Furthermore, CCH induced differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells, promoted the formation of complexes of interferon regulatory factor 4 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and increased the phosphorylation of STAT3. This was associated with an impairment of colonic barrier function and chronic colonic inflammation. In contrast, FMT and SCFA replenishment ameliorated CCH-induced gut microbial dysbiosis by increasing the intestinal content of Ruminococcus_sp_N15_MGS_57 and modulating microbial metabolism of SCFAs by increasing acetic acid contents associated with an improvment of the balance between Tregs and Th17 cells, mitochondrial ETC activities, and oxidative phosphorylation to prevent colonic inflammation and dysregulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that FMT and SCFA replenishment present a promising therapeutic strategy against colonic dysfunction under a state of chronic cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Su
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Yi-Fang Wu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Qi Lin
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Lin Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Da-Peng Wang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065 China
| | - Jian Hai
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065 China
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Qu K, Yan F, Qin X, Zhang K, He W, Dong M, Wu G. Mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1084604. [PMID: 36605901 PMCID: PMC9807884 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1084604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are essential organelles that generate large amounts of ATP via the electron transport chain (ECT). Mitochondrial dysfunction causes reactive oxygen species accumulation, energy stress, and cell death. Endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor causing abnormal function of the endothelium, which plays a central role during atherosclerosis development. Atherosclerosis-related risk factors, including high glucose levels, hypertension, ischemia, hypoxia, and diabetes, promote mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells. This review summarizes the physiological and pathophysiological roles of endothelial mitochondria in endothelial function and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, Clinical trial center, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
| | - Guicheng Wu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
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Du P, Jing J, He X. Microbiota and their metabolites potentiate cancer immunotherapy: Therapeutic target or resource for small molecule drug discovery? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1091124. [PMID: 36588712 PMCID: PMC9797511 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1091124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has proved that microbiota is not only the target of small molecule drugs but also an underexplored resource for developing small molecule drugs. Meanwhile, microbiota as a critical modulator of the immune system impacts the efficacy and toxicity of cancer immunotherapy. Harnessing microbiota or developing microbiota-derived medications provide novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance to cancer immunotherapy and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In this review, we elucidate how microbiota and their metabolites impact anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy efficacy and highlight the potential of microbiota and their metabolites as a resource for small molecule drug discovery. We further overview the current landscape of clinical trials evaluating the potential effect of microbiota and their metabolites on immunotherapy outcomes, presenting future trends in the field of microbiota-based therapies. Microbiota-based therapies are promising therapeutic options to promote therapeutic efficacy and diminish the toxicity of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Jing
- *Correspondence: Jing Jing, ; Xiujing He,
| | - Xiujing He
- *Correspondence: Jing Jing, ; Xiujing He,
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Weil's Disease-Immunopathogenesis, Multiple Organ Failure, and Potential Role of Gut Microbiota. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121830. [PMID: 36551258 PMCID: PMC9775223 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease, causing about 60,000 deaths annually. In this review, we have described in detail the immunopathogenesis of leptospirosis, the influence of cytokines, genetic susceptibility on the course of the disease, and the evasion of the immune response. These data are combined with information about immunological and pathomorphological changes in the kidneys, liver, and lungs, which are most affected by Weil's disease. The review also suggests a possible role of the gut microbiota in the clinical course of leptospirosis, the main mechanisms of the influence of gut dysbiosis on damage in the liver, kidneys, and lungs through several axes, i.e., gut-liver, gut-kidney, and gut-lungs. Modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics and/or fecal microbiota transplantation in leptospirosis may become an important area of scientific research.
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Ashique S, De Rubis G, Sirohi E, Mishra N, Rihan M, Garg A, Reyes RJ, Manandhar B, Bhatt S, Jha NK, Singh TG, Gupta G, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Paudel KR, Hansbro PM, Oliver BG, Dua K. Short Chain Fatty Acids: Fundamental mediators of the gut-lung axis and their involvement in pulmonary diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kamalumpundi V, Shams E, Tucker C, Cheng L, Peterson J, Thangavel S, Ofori O, Correia M. Mechanisms and pharmacotherapy of hypertension associated with type 2 diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Krumina A, Bogdanova M, Gintere S, Viksna L. Gut-Lung Microbiota Interaction in COPD Patients: A Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121760. [PMID: 36556962 PMCID: PMC9785780 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are one of the leading causes of death in the world, which is why a lot of attention has been recently paid to studying the possible mechanisms for the development of pulmonary diseases and assessing the impact on their course. The microbiota plays an important role in these processes and influences the functionality of the human immune system. Thus, alterations in the normal microflora contribute to a reduction in immunity and a more severe course of diseases. In this review, we summarized the information about gut and lung microbiota interactions with particular attention to their influence on the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Krumina
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.B.); Tel.: +371-29113833 (A.K.); +371-26656592 (M.B.)
| | - Marina Bogdanova
- Faculty of Residency, Riga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.B.); Tel.: +371-29113833 (A.K.); +371-26656592 (M.B.)
| | - Sandra Gintere
- Department of Family Medicine, Riga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ludmila Viksna
- Department of Infectology, Riga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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Gu X, Miao Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yang T, Xu Y. New Baitouweng decoction combined with fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates DSS-induced colitis in rats by regulating gut microbiota metabolic homeostasis and the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:307. [PMID: 36424592 PMCID: PMC9686021 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to elucidate the synergistic effect and potential mechanism of New Baitouweng Decoction (NBD) combined with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in rats with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Colitis was induced by 5% (w/v) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. NBD or NBD combined with FMT were administered to the colitis rats. Body weight and disease activity index were measured, and the colon histological change was imaged to further examine the efficacy of NBD and FMT. The specific effects of NBD on STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway and gut microbiota in rats with UC were also investigated. RESULTS The efficacy of NBD in combination with FMT was demonstrated by the lower disease activity index scores; increased tight junction proteins expression; and a lower expression of macrophage marker (F4/80) in colon tissues. NBD combined with FMT elevated the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and inhibited activation of the JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB related proteins. Furthermore, 16SrDNA sequencing indicated that the gut microbiota in rats with UC was perturbed, in contrast to that in healthy rats. After treatment with NBD and FMT, the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora showed clear improvements. Spearman correlation analysis indicated a strong correlation between specific microbiota and fecal concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate. CONCLUSIONS The protective mechanism of NBD combined with FMT may be linked to regulation NF-κB/STAT3 and restoration of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Department of Gastroenterology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Yantian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongtong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Yan J, Pan Y, Shao W, Wang C, Wang R, He Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Li T, Wang Z, Liu W, Wang Z, Sun X, Dong S. Beneficial effect of the short-chain fatty acid propionate on vascular calcification through intestinal microbiota remodelling. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:195. [PMID: 36380385 PMCID: PMC9667615 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is a major cause of the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases and is closely associated with the intestinal microbiota. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are derived from the intestinal microbiota and can also regulate intestinal microbiota homeostasis. However, it remains unclear whether exogenous supplementation with propionate, a SCFA, can ameliorate vascular calcification by regulating the intestinal microbiota. This study was conducted to explore the roles of propionate and the intestinal microbiota in the process of vascular calcification. METHODS In total, 92 patients were enrolled consecutively as the observational cohort to analyse the relationship between SCFAs and vascular calcification in both blood and faecal samples. A rat model of vascular calcification was induced by vitamin D3 and nicotine (VDN) to validate the effect of propionate. Differences in the intestinal microbiota were analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Faecal microbiota transplantation and Akkermansia muciniphila transplantation experiments were performed to evaluate the functions of the intestinal microbiota. RESULTS The results of the observational cohort study revealed that the levels of SCFAs (particularly propionate) in both blood and faecal samples independently correlated negatively with calcification scores (P < 0.01). To verify the activities of propionate, it was provided to VDN-treated rats, and oral or rectal propionate delivery reshaped the intestinal microbiota, resulted in elevated SCFA production, improved intestinal barrier function and alleviated inflammation, ultimately ameliorating vascular calcification. Furthermore, we demonstrated that transplantation of the propionate-modulated intestinal microbiota induced beneficial outcomes similar to those with oral or rectal propionate administration. Interestingly, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) revealed that oral or rectal propionate administration and propionate-modulated intestinal microbiota transplantation both enriched primarily Akkermansia. Subsequently, we demonstrated that Akkermansia supplementation could ameliorate VDN-induced vascular calcification in rats. CONCLUSIONS Propionate can significantly ameliorate vascular calcification in VDN-treated rats, and this effect is mediated by intestinal microbiota remodelling. The findings in our study indicate that the intestinal tract-vessel axis is a promising target for alleviating vascular calcification. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbin Pan
- Department of health management center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenming Shao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongning Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqiong He
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongshun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Tangzhiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhefeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenmin Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tissue Reconstruction and Function Restoration, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shaohong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Cardiovascular Minimally Invasive Medical Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
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Interaction between the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Motility. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3240573. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3240573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is the largest symbiotic ecosystem with the host and has been proven to play an important role in maintaining the stability of the intestinal environment. The imbalance of the gut microbiota is caused by the imbalance between the symbiotic microbiota and the pathogenic microbiota. The commensal microbiome regulates intestinal motility, while the pathogenic microbiome causes intestinal motility disorder, resulting in disease development. Intestinal motility is a relatively general term, and its meaning may include intestinal muscle contraction, intestinal wall biomechanics, intestinal compliance, and transmission. The role of intestinal microecology and intestinal motility are interrelated, intestinal flora disorder mediates intestinal motility, and abnormal intestinal motility affects colonization of the intestinal flora. In this review, we briefly outlined the interaction between gut microbiota and intestinal motility and provided a reference for future studies.
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Chin N, Narayan NR, Méndez-Lagares G, Ardeshir A, Chang WLW, Deere JD, Fontaine JH, Chen C, Kieu HT, Lu W, Barry PA, Sparger EE, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ. Cytomegalovirus infection disrupts the influence of short-chain fatty acid producers on Treg/Th17 balance. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:168. [PMID: 36210471 PMCID: PMC9549678 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both the gut microbiota and chronic viral infections have profound effects on host immunity, but interactions between these influences have been only superficially explored. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), for example, infects approximately 80% of people globally and drives significant changes in immune cells. Similarly, certain gut-resident bacteria affect T-cell development in mice and nonhuman primates. It is unknown if changes imposed by CMV on the intestinal microbiome contribute to immunologic effects of the infection. RESULTS We show that rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) infection is associated with specific differences in gut microbiota composition, including decreased abundance of Firmicutes, and that the extent of microbial change was associated with immunologic changes including the proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, RhCMV infection disrupted the relationship between short-chain fatty acid producers and Treg/Th17 balance observed in seronegative animals, showing that some immunologic effects of CMV are due to disruption of previously existing host-microbe relationships. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbes have an important influence on health and disease. Diet is known to shape the microbiota, but the influence of concomitant chronic viral infections is unclear. We found that CMV influences gut microbiota composition to an extent that is correlated with immunologic changes in the host. Additionally, pre-existing correlations between immunophenotypes and gut microbes can be subverted by CMV infection. Immunologic effects of CMV infection on the host may therefore be mediated by two different mechanisms involving gut microbiota. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chin
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Nicole R Narayan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Gema Méndez-Lagares
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - W L William Chang
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Jesse D Deere
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Justin H Fontaine
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Connie Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Hung T Kieu
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Wenze Lu
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Peter A Barry
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Ellen E Sparger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
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Saint-Martin V, Quéré P, Trapp S, Guabiraba R. Uncovering the core principles of the gut-lung axis to enhance innate immunity in the chicken. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956670. [PMID: 36268022 PMCID: PMC9577073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in mammals has evidenced that proper colonization of the gut by a complex commensal microbial community, the gut microbiota (GM), is critical for animal health and wellbeing. It greatly contributes to the control of infectious processes through competition in the microbial environment while supporting proper immune system development and modulating defence mechanisms at distant organ sites such as the lung: a concept named ‘gut-lung axis’. While recent studies point to a role of the GM in boosting immunity and pathogen resilience also in poultry, the mechanisms underlying this role are largely unknown. In spite of this knowledge gap, GM modulation approaches are today considered as one of the most promising strategies to improve animal health and welfare in commercial poultry production, while coping with the societal demand for responsible, sustainable and profitable farming systems. The majority of pathogens causing economically important infectious diseases in poultry are targeting the respiratory and/or gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of the GM in the development and function of the mucosal immune system is crucial for implementing measures to promote animal robustness in commercial poultry production. The importance of early gut colonization in the chicken has been overlooked or neglected in industrial poultry production systems, where chicks are hampered from acquiring a complex GM from the hen. Here we discuss the concept of strengthening mucosal immunity in the chicken through GM modulation approaches favouring immune system development and functioning along the gut-lung axis, which could be put into practice through improved farming systems, early-life GM transfer, feeding strategies and pre-/probiotics. We also provide original data from experiments with germ-free and conventional chickens demonstrating that the gut-lung axis appears to be functional in chickens. These key principles of mucosal immunity are likely to be relevant for a variety of avian diseases and are thus of far-reaching importance for the poultry sector worldwide.
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Dysbiotic microbiota contributes to the extent of acute myocardial infarction in rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16517. [PMID: 36192578 PMCID: PMC9530207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota composition could play a role in specific pathologies such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes. This study aims to demonstrate that the intestinal microbiota modulated by a diet creating dysbiosis increased the size of the myocardial infarction and that probiotics could attenuate this effect. To do this, microbiota transplants from rats fed a dysbiotic or non-dysbiotic diet in the presence or absence of probiotics were performed for 10 days on rats whose microbiota had been previously suppressed by antibiotic therapy. Then, the anterior coronary artery of the transplanted rats was occluded for 30 min. Infarct size was measured after 24 h of reperfusion, while signaling pathways were evaluated after 15 min of reperfusion. Intestinal resistance, plasma concentration of LPS (lipopolysaccharides), activation of NF-κB and Akt and composition of the microbiota were also measured. Our results demonstrate a larger infarct size in animals transplanted with the dysbiotic microbiota without probiotics compared to the other groups, including those that received the dysbiotic microbiota with probiotics. This increase in infarct size correlates with a higher firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio, NF-kB phosphorylation and plasma LPS concentration, and a decrease in intestinal barrier resistance and Akt. These results indicate that dysbiotic microbiota promotes an increase in infarct size, an effect that probiotics can attenuate.
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Dardi P, dos Santos-Eichler RA, de Oliveira S, Vinolo MAR, Câmara NOS, Rossoni LV. Reduced intestinal butyrate availability is associated with the vascular remodeling in resistance arteries of hypertensive rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998362. [PMID: 36246106 PMCID: PMC9558208 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During hypertension an unbalance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production by intestinal bacteria is described. However, no data evaluate the association of SCFAs and vascular remodeling in hypertension, which is an important hallmark of this disease. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the correlations between SCFAs availability and the resistance arteries remodeling in hypertension, as well as to identify the possible pathway by which the SCFAs could exert a structural and mechanical influence. Hence, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats had blood pressure measured by tail-cuff plethysmography; fecal SCFAs content assessed by gas chromatography; gene expression of SCFAs-transporters in gut epithelium and SCFAs-sensing receptors on mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) quantified by PCR; and MRA structural and mechanical parameters analyzed by pressure myograph. Reduced butyrate fecal content was found in SHR, with no changes in propionate and acetate, as well as decreased mRNA levels of SCFAs-transporters (MCT1, MCT4, and SMCT1) in the intestinal epithelium. In addition, lower gene expression of SCFAs-sensing receptors (GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109a, but not Olfr78) was identified in MRAs of SHR, which also shows inward eutrophic remodeling with stiffness. Butyrate content presented a negative correlation with systolic blood pressure and with the structural alterations found on MRAs, while a positive correlation between butyrate content and mechanical parameters was detected. Altogether the present study suggests that lower butyrate content due to ineffective SCFA bioavailability, associated with lower SCFAs-sensing receptors expression, could favor MRA remodeling, increasing peripheral vascular resistance and worsening hypertension prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Dardi
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Venturini Rossoni
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luciana Venturini Rossoni,
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Jewell S, Herath AM, Gordon R. Inflammasome Activation in Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S113-S128. [PMID: 35848038 PMCID: PMC9535572 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic sterile inflammation and persistent immune activation is a prominent pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Inflammasomes are multi-protein intracellular signaling complexes which orchestrate inflammatory responses in immune cells to a diverse range of pathogens and host-derived signals. Widespread inflammasome activation is evident in PD patients at the sites of dopaminergic degeneration as well as in blood samples and mucosal biopsies. Inflammasome activation in the nigrostriatal system is also a common pathological feature in both neurotoxicant and α-synuclein models of PD where dopaminergic degeneration occurs through distinct mechanisms. The NLRP3 (NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3) inflammasome has been shown to be the primary driver of inflammatory neurotoxicity in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic NLRP3 inflammasome activation is triggered by pathogenic misfolded α-synuclein aggregates which accumulate and spread over the disease course in PD. Converging lines of evidence suggest that blocking inflammasome activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for disease modification, with both NLRP3 knockout mice and CNS-permeable pharmacological inhibitors providing robust neuroprotection in multiple PD models. This review summarizes the current evidence and knowledge gaps around inflammasome activation in PD, the pathological mechanisms by which persistent inflammasome activation can drive dopaminergic degeneration and the therapeutic opportunities for disease modification using NLRP3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Jewell
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ashane M. Herath
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard Gordon
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Góralczyk-Bińkowska A, Szmajda-Krygier D, Kozłowska E. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11245. [PMID: 36232548 PMCID: PMC9570195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating the gut microbiome and its influence on human health is the subject of intense research. The gut microbiota could be associated not only with gastroenterological diseases but also with psychiatric disorders. The importance of factors such as stress, mode of delivery, the role of probiotics, circadian clock system, diet, and occupational and environmental exposure in the relationship between the gut microbiota and brain function through bidirectional communication, described as "the microbiome-gut-brain axis", is especially underlined. In this review, we discuss the link between the intestinal microbiome and the brain and host response involving different pathways between the intestinal microbiota and the nervous system (e.g., neurotransmitters, endocrine system, immunological mechanisms, or bacterial metabolites). We review the microbiota alterations and their results in the development of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Góralczyk-Bińkowska
- Department of Microbiology and Experimental Immunology, MOLecoLAB: Lodz Centre of Molecular Studies on Civilisation Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5 Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dagmara Szmajda-Krygier
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Department of Microbiology and Experimental Immunology, MOLecoLAB: Lodz Centre of Molecular Studies on Civilisation Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5 Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Akhtar M, Naqvi SUAS, Liu Q, Pan H, Ma Z, Kong N, Chen Y, Shi D, Kulyar MFEA, Khan JA, Liu H. Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling Staphylococcus aureus-Mediated Mastitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183687. [PMID: 36145063 PMCID: PMC9503071 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an emerging health concern in animals. An increased incidence of mastitis in dairy cows has been reported in the last few years across the world. It is estimated that up to 20% of cows are suffering from mastitis, causing incompetency in the mucosal immunity and resulting in excessive global economic losses in the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been reported as the most common bacterial pathogen of mastitis at clinical and sub-clinical levels. Antibiotics, including penicillin, macrolides, lincomycin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and methicillin, were used to cure S. aureus-induced mastitis. However, S. aureus is resistant to most antibiotics, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) especially has emerged as a critical health concern. MRSA impairs immune homeostasis leaving the host more susceptible to other infections. Thus, exploring an alternative to antibiotics has become an immediate requirement of the current decade. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the potent bioactive metabolites produced by host gut microbiota through fermentation and play a crucial role in host/pathogen interaction and could be applied as a potential therapeutic agent against mastitis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanism by which SCFAs alleviate mastitis, providing the theoretical reference for the usage of SCFAs in preventing or curing mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akhtar
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Qiyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Na Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jawaria Ali Khan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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Alshawwa SZ, Alshallash KS, Ghareeb A, Elazzazy AM, Sharaf M, Alharthi A, Abdelgawad FE, El-Hossary D, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Helmy YA. Assessment of Pharmacological Potential of Novel Exopolysaccharide Isolated from Marine Kocuria sp. Strain AG5: Broad-Spectrum Biological Investigations. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091387. [PMID: 36143424 PMCID: PMC9504734 DOI: 10.3390/life12091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With more than 17 clinically approved Drugs and over 20 prodrugs under clinical investigations, marine bacteria are believed to have a potential supply of innovative therapeutic bioactive compounds. In the current study, Kocuria sp. strain AG5 isolated from the Red Sea was identified and characterized by biochemical and physiological analysis, and examination of a phylogenetic 16S rRNA sequences. Innovative exopolysaccharide (EPS) was separated from the AG5 isolate as a major fraction of EPS (EPSR5, 6.84 g/L−1). The analysis of EPSR5 revealed that EPSR5 has a molecular weight (Mw) of 4.9 × 104 g/mol and number average molecular weight (Mn) of 5.4 × 104 g/mol and contains sulfate (25.6%) and uronic acid (21.77%). Analysis of the monosaccharide composition indicated that the EPSR5 fraction composes of glucose, galacturonic acid, arabinose, and xylose in a molar ratio of 2.0:0.5:0.25:1.0, respectively. Assessment of the pharmacological potency of EPSR5 was explored by examining its cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-acetylcholine esterase influences. The antioxidant effect of EPSR5 was dose- and time-dependently increased and the maximum antioxidant activity (98%) was observed at 2000 µg/mL after 120 min. Further, EPSR5 displayed a significant repressive effect regarding the proliferation of HepG-2, A-549, HCT-116, MCF7, HEP2, and PC3 cells with IC50 453.46 ± 21.8 µg/mL, 873.74 ± 15.4 µg/mL, 788.2 ± 32.6 µg/mL, 1691 ± 44.2 µg/mL, 913.1 ± 38.8 µg/mL, and 876.4 ± 39.8 µg/mL, respectively. Evaluation of the inhibitory activity of the anti-inflammatory activity of EPSR5 indicated that EPSR5 has a significant inhibitory activity toward lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) activities (IC50 15.39 ± 0.82 µg/mL and 28.06 ± 1.1 µg/mL, respectively). Finally, ESPR5 presented a substantial hemolysis suppressive action with an IC50 of 65.13 ± 0.89 µg /mL, and a considerable inhibitory activity toward acetylcholine esterase activity (IC50 797.02 μg/mL). Together, this study reveals that secondary metabolites produced by Kocuria sp. strain AG5 marine bacteria serve as an important source of pharmacologically active compounds, and their impact on human health is expected to grow with additional global work and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Zuhair Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Alshallash
- College of Science and Humanities—Huraymila, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh Province, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ghareeb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Elazzazy
- National Research Centre, Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Afaf Alharthi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathy Elsayed Abdelgawad
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia El-Hossary
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 4700, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USA
- Correspondence:
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Xu F, Liu M, Liao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang P, Zeng Y, Liu Z. Improvement of anticancer effect of berberine by salt formation modifications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154314. [PMID: 35841665 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine is a quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid that possesses a significant therapeutic effect on a variety of cancers. However, due to poor bioavailability, an increased dose is often required to achieve therapeutic goals. To improve the activities of natural berberine, most modifications were focused on the positive isoquinoline unit by grafting long aliphatic chains or heterocycles. However, the negative part is ignored. At this point, the strategy of salt formation modifications with short- and medium-chain fatty acids was proposed in this article. PURPOSE Using salt modification to enhance the antitumor activity of berberine and explore the mechanism. METHODS Four short- and medium-chain fatty acid salts of berberine were prepared from berberine hydrochloride by salt formation modification with the sodium salt of butyric, caproic, octanoic, and decanoic acid, respectively. The cytotoxicity of four berberine salts on B16-F10, A549, HepG2, and U373 cancer cell lines was explored. Through cell localization, Mitochondrial membrane potential assay, and Western blotting analysis explored the mechanism of berberine salt-induced apoptosis. Its anticancer activity in vivo was demonstrated by the mouse xenograft model. RESULTS The four berberine fatty acid salts exhibited an enhanced inhibitory effect on B16-F10, A549, HepG2, and U373 cancer cell lines, particularly on B16-F10 cells. Meanwhile, the four berberine fatty acid salts can inhibit the migration of B16-F10 cells. The four berberine fatty acid salts induce cancer cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, which was confirmed by the mitochondrial colocalization, the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential as well as activation of caspase-3, cytochrome C (Cyt-C), and down-regulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Most importantly, the four berberine fatty acid salts inhibited tumor growth in the in vivo B16-F10 melanoma model without generating side effects intraperitoneally. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that salt formation modification may be an effective strategy to optimize the anticancer property of berberine hydrochloride and demonstrated the four berberine fatty acid salts induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yating Liao
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Youlin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
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143
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Abdalkareem Jasim S, Jade Catalan Opulencia M, Alexis Ramírez-Coronel A, Kamal Abdelbasset W, Hasan Abed M, Markov A, Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi G, Azamatovich Shamsiev J, Thaeer Hammid A, Nader Shalaby M, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. The emerging role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in immunometabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108983. [PMID: 35750016 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The accumulating evidence revealed that microbiota plays a significant function in training, function, and the induction of host immunity. Once this interaction (immune system-microbiota) works correctly, it enables the production of protective responses against pathogens and keeps the regulatory pathways essential for maintaining tolerance to innocent antigens. This concept of immunity and metabolic activity redefines the realm of immunometabolism, paving the way for innovative therapeutic interventions to modulate immune cells through immune metabolic alterations. A body of evidence suggests that microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate, play a key role in immune balance. SCFAs act on many cell types to regulate various vital biological processes, including host metabolism, intestinal function, and the immune system. Such SCFAs generated by gut bacteria also impact immunity, cellular function, and immune cell fate. This is a new concept of immune metabolism, and better knowledge about how lifestyle affects intestinal immunometabolism is crucial for preventing and treating disease. In this review article, we explicitly focus on the function of SCFAs in the metabolism of immune cells, especially macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, T (Th) helper cells, and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq.
| | | | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Laboratory of Psychometrics, Comparative Psychology and Ethology (LABPPCE), Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador and Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Murtadha Hasan Abed
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
| | - Alexander Markov
- Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation; Tyumen Industrial University, Tyumen, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Jamshid Azamatovich Shamsiev
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Research scholar, Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli Street 103, Tashkent, 100047, Uzbekistan.
| | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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144
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Gu X, Wang W, Yang Y, Lei Y, Liu D, Wang X, Wu T. The Effect of Metabolites on Mitochondrial Functions in the Pathogenesis of Skeletal Muscle Aging. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1275-1295. [PMID: 36033236 PMCID: PMC9416380 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s376668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related systemic disease characterized by skeletal muscle aging that generally severely affects the quality of life of elderly patients. Metabolomics analysis is a powerful tool for qualitatively and quantitatively characterizing the small molecule metabolomics of various biological matrices in order to clarify all key scientific problems concerning cell metabolism. The discovery of optimal therapy requires a thorough understanding of the cellular metabolic mechanism of skeletal muscle aging. In this review, the relationship between skeletal muscle mitochondria, amino acid, vitamin, lipid, adipokines, intestinal microbiota and vascular microenvironment has been separately reviewed from the perspective of metabolomics, and a new therapeutic direction has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Gu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Lei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
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145
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Puhlmann ML, de Vos WM. Intrinsic dietary fibers and the gut microbiome: Rediscovering the benefits of the plant cell matrix for human health. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954845. [PMID: 36059540 PMCID: PMC9434118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers contribute to structure and storage reserves of plant foods and fundamentally impact human health, partly by involving the intestinal microbiota, notably in the colon. Considerable attention has been given to unraveling the interaction between fiber type and gut microbiota utilization, focusing mainly on single, purified fibers. Studying these fibers in isolation might give us insights into specific fiber effects, but neglects how dietary fibers are consumed daily and impact our digestive tract: as intrinsic structures that include the cell matrix and content of plant tissues. Like our ancestors we consume fibers that are entangled in a complex network of plants cell walls that further encapsulate and shield intra-cellular fibers, such as fructans and other components from immediate breakdown. Hence, the physiological behavior and consequent microbial breakdown of these intrinsic fibers differs from that of single, purified fibers, potentially entailing unexplored health effects. In this mini-review we explain the difference between intrinsic and isolated fibers and discuss their differential impact on digestion. Subsequently, we elaborate on how food processing influences intrinsic fiber structure and summarize available human intervention studies that used intrinsic fibers to assess gut microbiota modulation and related health outcomes. Finally, we explore current research gaps and consequences of the intrinsic plant tissue structure for future research. We postulate that instead of further processing our already (extensively) processed foods to create new products, we should minimize this processing and exploit the intrinsic health benefits that are associated with the original cell matrix of plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Puhlmann
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Marie-Luise Puhlmann,
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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146
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Li S, Zhou Y, Yan D, Wan Y. An Update on the Mutual Impact between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Gut Microbiota. Viruses 2022; 14:1774. [PMID: 36016396 PMCID: PMC9415881 DOI: 10.3390/v14081774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is essential for good health. It has also been demonstrated that the gut microbiota can regulate immune responses against respiratory tract infections. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, accumulating evidence suggests that there is a link between the severity of COVID-19 and the alteration of one's gut microbiota. The composition of gut microbiota can be profoundly affected by COVID-19 and vice versa. Here, we summarize the observations of the mutual impact between SARS-CoV-2 infection and gut microbiota composition. We discuss the consequences and mechanisms of the bi-directional interaction. Moreover, we also discuss the immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and commensal bacteria, which represents a previously overlooked connection between COVID-19 and commensal gut bacteria. Finally, we summarize the progress in managing COVID-19 by utilizing microbial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshuai Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai 201508, China
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Department of Radiology, Shanghai 201508, China
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147
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Zingale VD, D’Angiolini S, Chiricosta L, Calcaterra V, Selvaggio GGO, Zuccotti G, Destro F, Pelizzo G, Mazzon E. Does Childhood Obesity Trigger Neuroinflammation? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081953. [PMID: 36009499 PMCID: PMC9405861 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is constantly increasing around the world, and it has become a major public health issue. Considerable evidence indicates that overweight and obesity are important risk factors for the development of comorbidities such as cognitive decline, neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. It is known that during obesity, adipose tissue undergoes immune, metabolic and functional changes which could induce a neuroinflammatory response of the central nervous system (CNS). In this context, to inspect if obesity can start to trigger the neuroinflammation from a pediatric age, we surgically collected and analyzed adipose tissue from the periumbilical area of three obese children (AT-OB) and two normal-weight children (AT-Ctrl). We considered the transcriptomic profile of our samples to detect alterations in different biological processes that might be also involved in the inflammatory and neuroinflammatory response. Our results show alterations of lipid and fatty acids metabolism in AT-OB compared to the AT-Ctrl. We also observed an onset of inflammatory response in AT-OB. Interestingly, among the genes involved in neuroinflammation, GRN and SMO were upregulated, while IFNGR1 and SNCA were downregulated. Our study highlights that obesity may trigger inflammation and neuroinflammation from a pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Domenica Zingale
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Simone D’Angiolini
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Destro
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- Pediatric Surgery Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
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148
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Zhong H, Yu H, Chen J, Mok SWF, Tan X, Zhao B, He S, Lan L, Fu X, Chen G, Zhu D. The short-chain fatty acid butyrate accelerates vascular calcification via regulation of histone deacetylases and NF-κB signaling. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 146:107096. [PMID: 35952961 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primarily acetate, propionate and butyrate, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Whether SCFAs regulate vascular calcification, a common pathological change in cardiovascular tissues, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of SCFAs in vascular calcification. Using cellular and animal models of vascular calcification, we showed that butyrate significantly enhanced high phosphate (Pi)-induced calcification and osteogenic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in vitro, whereas acetate and propionate had no effects. Subsequent studies confirmed that butyrate significantly promoted high Pi-induced aortic ring calcification ex vivo and high dose vitamin D3 (vD3)-induced mouse vascular calcification in vivo. Mechanistically, butyrate significantly inhibited histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression in VSMCs, and a pan HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A showed similar inductive effects on calcification and osteogenic transition of VSMCs to butyrate. In addition, the SCFA sensing receptors Gpr41 and Gpr109a were primarily expressed by VSMCs, and butyrate induced the rapid activation of NF-κB, Wnt and Akt signaling in VSMCs. Intriguingly, the NF-κB inhibitor SC75741 significantly attenuated butyrate-induced calcification and the osteogenic gene Msx2 expression in VSMCs. We showed that knockdown of Gpr41 but not Gpr109a attenuated butyrate-induced VSMC calcification. This study reveals that butyrate accelerates vascular calcification via its dual effects on HDAC inhibition and NF-κB activation. Our data provide novel insights into the role of microbe-host interaction in vascular calcification, and may have implications for the development of potential therapy for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Hongjiao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China
| | - Bohou Zhao
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengping He
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China.
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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149
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Godet A, Fortier A, Bannier E, Coquery N, Val-Laillet D. Interactions between emotions and eating behaviors: Main issues, neuroimaging contributions, and innovative preventive or corrective strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:807-831. [PMID: 34984602 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emotional eating is commonly defined as the tendency to (over)eat in response to emotion. Insofar as it involves the (over)consumption of high-calorie palatable foods, emotional eating is a maladaptive behavior that can lead to eating disorders, and ultimately to metabolic disorders and obesity. Emotional eating is associated with eating disorder subtypes and with abnormalities in emotion processing at a behavioral level. However, not enough is known about the neural pathways involved in both emotion processing and food intake. In this review, we provide an overview of recent neuroimaging studies, highlighting the brain correlates between emotions and eating behavior that may be involved in emotional eating. Interaction between neural and neuro-endocrine pathways (HPA axis) may be involved. In addition to behavioral interventions, there is a need for a holistic approach encompassing both neural and physiological levels to prevent emotional eating. Based on recent imaging, this review indicates that more attention should be paid to prefrontal areas, the insular and orbitofrontal cortices, and reward pathways, in addition to regions that play a major role in both the cognitive control of emotions and eating behavior. Identifying these brain regions could allow for neuromodulation interventions, including neurofeedback training, which deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Godet
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France
| | - Alexandra Fortier
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France
| | - Elise Bannier
- CRNS, INSERM, IRISA, INRIA, Univ Rennes, Empenn Rennes, France
- Radiology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Coquery
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France
| | - David Val-Laillet
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France.
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150
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Rodrigo-Torres L, María Landete J, Huedo P, Peirotén Á, Langa S, Rodríguez-Minguez E, Medina M, Arahal DR, Aznar R, Arqués JL. Complete genome sequences of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei INIA P272 (CECT 8315) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus INIA P344 (CECT 8316) isolated from breast-fed infants reveal probiotic determinants. Gene X 2022; 840:146743. [PMID: 35868412 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei INIA P272 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus INIA P344, isolated from breast-fed infants, are two promising bacterial strains for their use in functional foods according to their demonstrated probiotic and technological characteristics. To better understand their probiotic characteristics and evaluate their safety, here we report the draft genome sequences of both strains as well as the analysis of their genetical content. The draft genomes of L. paracasei INIA P272 and L. rhamnosus INIA P344 comprise 3.01 and 3.26 Mb, a total of 2994 and 3166 genes and a GC content of 46.27 % and 46.56 %, respectively. Genomic safety was assessed following the EFSA guidelines: the identification of both strains was confirmed through Average Nucleotide Identity, and the absence of virulence, pathogenic and antibiotic resistance genes was demonstrated. The genome stability analysis revealed the presence of plasmids and phage regions in both genomes, however, CRISPR sequences and other mechanisms to fight against phage infections were encoded. The probiotic abilities of both strains were supported by the presence of genes for the synthesis of SCFA, genes involved in resistance to acid and bile salts or a thiamine production cluster. Moreover, the encoded exopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes could provide additional protection against the deleterious gastrointestinal conditions, besides which, playing a key role in adherence and coaggregation of pathogenic bacteria together with the high number of adhesion proteins and domains encoded by both genomes. Additionally, the bacteriocin cluster genes found in both strains, could provide an advantageous ability to compete against pathogenic bacteria. This genomic study supports the probiotic characteristics described previously for these two strains and satisfies the safety requirements to be used in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Rodrigo-Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT), University of Valencia, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - José María Landete
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pol Huedo
- R&D Department, AB-Biotics S.A. (Part of Kaneka Corporation), Sant Cugat del Vallès 08172, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángela Peirotén
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Langa
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez-Minguez
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Medina
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David R Arahal
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT), University of Valencia, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Aznar
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, University of Valencia, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT), University of Valencia, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan L Arqués
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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