101
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MicroRNA as a Biomarker for Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Purpose in Urinary Tract Cancer. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of urologic cancers, including kidney, upper tract urothelial, and bladder malignancies, is increasing globally, with a high percentage of cases showing metastasis upon diagnosis and low five-year survival rates. MicroRNA (miRNA), a small non-coding RNA, was found to regulate the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in several tumors, including cancers of the urinary system. In the current review, we comprehensively discuss the recently reported up-or down-regulated miRNAs as well as their possible targets and regulated pathways involved in the development, progression, and metastasis of urinary tract cancers. These miRNAs represent potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers that may help in efficient and early diagnosis in addition to better treatment outcomes.
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102
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piRNA-31115 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Invasion via PI3K/AKT Pathway in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6915329. [PMID: 34790278 PMCID: PMC8592738 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6915329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in germline development and carcinogenesis. In this study, we used the deep sequencing of small RNA Transcriptome to explore the piRNA expression in six clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues and found that six piRNAs were upregulated and sixteen were downregulated in ccRCC tissues. Among them, piRNA-31115 (NCBI accession number: DQ571003) was the most upregulated piRNA in ccRCC tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to confirm piR-31115 expression in other ccRCC tissues (n = 40) and ccRCC cell lines. Besides, function analysis demonstrated that silencing of piR-31115 inhibited ccRCC cell proliferation, motility, and invasiveness. Mechanistic investigations showed that piRNA-31115 may activate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Hence, piR-31115 may represent an oncogene in the development of ccRCC.
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103
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Zhu R, Li X, Cai Z, Liang S, Yuan Y, Xu Y, Lai D, Zhao H, Yang W, Bian J, Liu L, Xu G. Risk Scores Based on Six Survival-Related RNAs in a Competing Endogenous Network Composed of Differentially Expressed RNAs Between Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Carrying Wild-Type or Mutant Von Hippel-Lindau Serve Well to Predict Malignancy and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:726671. [PMID: 34760693 PMCID: PMC8573174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.726671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) carrying wild-type Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor are more invasive and of high morbidity. Concurrently, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network has been suggested to play an important role in ccRCC malignancy. In order to understand why the patients carrying wild-type VHL gene have high degrees of invasion and morbidity, we applied bioinformatics approaches to identify 861 differentially expressed RNAs (DE-RNAs) between patients carrying wild-type and patients carrying mutant VHL from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, established a ceRNA network including 122 RNAs, and elected six survival-related DE-RNAs including Linc00942, Linc00858, RP13_392I16.1, hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-183-5p, and PAX3. Examining clinical samples from our hospital revealed that patients carrying wild-type VHL had significantly higher levels of all six RNAs than those carrying mutant VHL. Patients carrying wild-type VHL had significantly higher risk scores, which were calculated based on expression levels of all six RNAs, than those carrying mutant VHL. Patients with higher risk scores had significantly shorter survival times than those with lower risk scores. Therefore, the risk scores serve well to predict malignancy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiezhao Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiduan Cai
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Liang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoji Yuan
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyu Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehui Lai
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Bian
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyuan Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibin Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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104
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Singh M, Aryal V, Dangol AMS, Neupane K, Gurung B, Shrestha S, Tuladhar SM, Maskey S, Dhakal HP. Lung metastasis from renal cell carcinoma 16 years after nephrectomy: A case report and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e05033. [PMID: 34765208 PMCID: PMC8572333 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma can have lung metastasis even after a long interval of radical nephrectomy (16 years after nephrectomy in our case). If any pulmonary nodule is diagnosed with a history of RCC, pulmonary metastasis of RCC should be suspected and should be appropriately treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushami Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineNepal Cancer Hospital and Research CenterLalitpurNepal
| | - Vinayak Aryal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineNepal Cancer Hospital and Research CenterLalitpurNepal
| | | | - Karun Neupane
- Department of Internal MedicineJacobi Medical CenterBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Banita Gurung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineNepal Cancer Hospital and Research CenterLalitpurNepal
| | - Suniti Shrestha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineNepal Cancer Hospital and Research CenterLalitpurNepal
| | - Sampurna Man Tuladhar
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic SurgeryNepal Cancer Hospital and Research CenterLalitpurNepal
| | - Swechha Maskey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineNepal Cancer Hospital and Research CenterLalitpurNepal
| | - Hari Prasad Dhakal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineNepal Cancer Hospital and Research CenterLalitpurNepal
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105
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68Ga-EMP-100 PET/CT-a novel ligand for visualizing c-MET expression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma-first in-human biodistribution and imaging results. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:1711-1720. [PMID: 34708249 PMCID: PMC8940803 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background 68Ga-EMP-100 is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand that directly targets tumoral c-MET expression. Upregulation of the receptor tyrosin kinase c-MET in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is correlated with overall survival in metastatic disease (mRCC). Clinicopathological staging of c-MET expression could improve patient management prior to systemic therapy with for instance inhibitors targeting c-MET such as cabozantinib. We present the first in-human data of 68Ga-EMP-100 in mRCC patients evaluating uptake characteristics in metastases and primary RCC. Methods Twelve patients with mRCC prior to anticipated cabozantinib therapy underwent 68Ga-EMP-100 PET/CT imaging. We compared the biodistribution in normal organs and tumor uptake of mRCC lesions by standard uptake value (SUVmean) and SUVmax measurements. Additionally, metastatic sites on PET were compared to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and the respective, quantitative PET parameters were assessed and then compared inter- and intra-individually. Results Overall, 87 tumor lesions were analyzed. Of these, 68/87 (79.3%) were visually rated c-MET-positive comprising a median SUVmax of 4.35 and SUVmean of 2.52. Comparing different tumor sites, the highest uptake intensity was found in tumor burden at the primary site (SUVmax 9.05 (4.86–29.16)), followed by bone metastases (SUVmax 5.56 (0.97–15.85)), and lymph node metastases (SUVmax 3.90 (2.13–6.28)) and visceral metastases (SUVmax 3.82 (0.11–16.18)). The occurrence of visually PET-negative lesions (20.7%) was distributed heterogeneously on an intra- and inter-individual level; the largest proportion of PET-negative metastatic lesions were lung and liver metastases. The highest physiological 68Ga-EMP-100 accumulation besides the urinary bladder content was seen in the kidneys, followed by moderate uptake in the liver and the spleen, whereas significantly lower uptake intensity was observed in the pancreas and the intestines. Conclusion Targeting c-MET expression, 68Ga-EMP-100 shows distinctly elevated uptake in mRCC patients with partially high inter- and intra-individual differences comprising both c-MET-positive and c-MET-negative lesions. Our first clinical results warrant further systemic studies investigating the clinical use of 68Ga-EMP-100 as a biomarker in mRCC patients.
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106
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Dong Y, Ma WM, Yang W, Hao L, Zhang SQ, Fang K, Hu CH, Zhang QJ, Shi ZD, Zhang WD, Fan T, Xia T, Han CH. Identification of C3 and FN1 as potential biomarkers associated with progression and prognosis for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1135. [PMID: 34688260 PMCID: PMC8539775 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most lethal urological malignancies, but the pathogenesis and prognosis of ccRCC remain obscure, which need to be better understand. Methods Differentially expressed genes were identified and function enrichment analyses were performed using three publicly available ccRCC gene expression profiles downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The protein-protein interaction and the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were visualized by Cytoscape. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to predict an optimal risk mode, and the survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test. Protein expression data were downloaded from Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium database and Human Protein Atlas database, and the clinical information as well as the corresponding lncRNA and miRNA expression data were obtained via The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The co-expressed genes and potential function of candidate genes were explored using data exacted from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database. Results Of the 1044 differentially expressed genes shared across the three datasets, 461 were upregulated, and 583 were downregulated, which significantly enriched in multiple immunoregulatory-related biological process and tumor-associated pathways, such as HIF-1, PI3K-AKT, P53 and Rap1 signaling pathways. In the most significant module, 36 hub genes were identified and were predominantly enriched in inflammatory response and immune and biotic stimulus pathways. Survival analysis and validation of the hub genes at the mRNA and protein expression levels suggested that these genes, particularly complement component 3 (C3) and fibronectin 1 (FN1), were primarily responsible for ccRCC tumorigenesis and progression. Increased expression of C3 or FN1 was also associated with advanced clinical stage, high pathological grade, and poor survival in patients with ccRCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis qualified the expression levels of the two genes as candidate biomarkers for predicting poor survival. FN1 was potentially regulated by miR-429, miR-216b and miR-217, and constructed a bridge to C3 and C3AR1 in the ceRNA network, indicating a critical position of FN1. Conclusions The biomarkers C3 and FN1 could provide theoretical support for the development of a novel prognostic tool to advance ccRCC diagnosis and targeted therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08818-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dong
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China.,Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ming Ma
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China.,Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China.,Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shao-Qi Zhang
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Hui Hu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qian-Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Duo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wen-da Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cong-Hui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China. .,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China. .,Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.
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107
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Sundet A, McConnell J, Walker K, Lindeque B. Intraoperative Cryotherapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma of the Bone. Orthopedics 2021; 44:e645-e652. [PMID: 34590940 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20210817-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osseous metastases in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are a heterogeneous mix of cells with hypervascular and rapidly destructive properties that frequently exhibit resistance to both radiation and chemotherapy. Despite this, some patients with isolated and oligometastatic disease have the potential to be cured. Regardless, aggressive metastatic control is critical to minimizing morbidity and mortality for all patients with metastatic RCC. Percutaneous cryoprobes were developed as a minimally invasive technique for both pain relief and tumor control. However, there is little evidence describing an alternative use of this technology in the operating room to assist with open tumor resections, and no formal role for its use in orthopedics exists. Therefore, the authors added this modality to their intraoperative treatment of osseous RCC to investigate whether it would influence their ability to obtain local metastatic control. The authors performed a retrospective chart review of prospectively obtained data to evaluate the role of intraoperative cryotherapy in the treatment of osseous RCC. From 2004 to 2017, cryotherapy was used in 43 procedures, alleviating the need for additional radiation 84% (36 of 43) of the time. Local tumor control was achieved in 100% (43 of 43) of cases. There were 2 wound-related complications and 1 pathologic fracture. Despite the study's limitations, the authors believe that cryotherapy contributed to the reliability and reproducibility of their intralesional resections. Given the palliative, and potentially curative, opportunities afforded by complete locoregional tumor control, the authors support further investigation into the use of intraoperative cryotherapy to treat osseous metastases secondary to RCC. [Orthopedics. 2021;44(5):e645-e652.].
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108
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Wu G, Xu Y, Zhang H, Ruan Z, Zhang P, Wang Z, Gao H, Che X, Xia Q, Chen F. A new prognostic risk model based on autophagy-related genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7805-7819. [PMID: 34636718 PMCID: PMC8806698 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1976050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential role of autophagy-related genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and develop a new prognostic-related risk model. In our research, we used multiple bioinformatics methods to perform a pan-cancer analysis of the CNV, SNV, mRNA expression, and overall survival of autophagy-related genes, and displayed the results in the form of heat maps. We then performed cluster analysis and LASSO regression analysis on these autophagy-related genes in KIRC. In the cluster analysis, we successfully divided patients with KIRC into five clusters and found that there was a clear correlation between the classification and two clinicopathological features: tumor, and stage. In LASSO regression analysis, we used 13 genes to create a new prognostic-related risk model in KIRC. The model showed that the survival rate of patients with KIRC in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group, and that there was a correlation between this grouping and the patients’ metastasis, tumor, stage, grade, and fustat. The results of the ROC curve suggested that this model has good prediction accuracy. The results of multivariate Cox analysis show that the risk score of this model can be used as an independent risk factor for patients with KIRC. In summary, we believe that this research provides valuable data supporting future clinical treatment and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingkun Xu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huayu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zihao Ruan
- Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peizhi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyu Che
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Poly(ADP)-Ribosylation Inhibition: A Promising Approach for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194973. [PMID: 34638458 PMCID: PMC8507656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and glycohydrolase (PARG) enzymes regulate chromatin structure, transcription activation, and DNA repair by modulating poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) level. Interest in PARP-1 inhibitors has soared recently with the recognition of their antitumor efficacy. We have shown that the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is associated with extreme accumulation of pADPr caused by the enhanced expression of PARP-1 and decreased PARG levels. The most severe misregulation of pADPr turnover is found in ccRCC specimens from metastatic lesions. Both, classical NAD-like and non-NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors reduced viability and clonogenic potential of ccRCC cell lines and suppressed growth of ccRCC xenograft tumors. However, classical NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors affected viability of normal kidney epithelial cells at high concentrations, while novel non-NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors exhibited activity against malignant cells only. We have also utilized different approaches to reduce the pADPr level in ccRCC cells by stably overexpressing PARG and demonstrated the prominent antitumor effect of this "back-to-normal" intervention. We also generated ccRCC cell lines with stable overexpression of PARG under doxycycline induction. This genetic approach demonstrated significantly affected malignancy of ccRCC cells. Transcriptome analysis linked observed phenotype with changes in gene expression levels for lipid metabolism, interferon signaling, and angiogenesis pathways along with the changes in expression of key cancer-related genes.
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110
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Fiedorowicz M, Wieteska M, Rylewicz K, Kossowski B, Piątkowska-Janko E, Czarnecka AM, Toczylowska B, Bogorodzki P. Hyperpolarized 13C tracers: Technical advancements and perspectives for clinical applications. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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111
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Tung I, Sahu A. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2021; 11:707214. [PMID: 34527581 PMCID: PMC8435744 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.707214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rising and metastatic RCC carries a very poor prognosis. The treatment paradigm for metastatic RCC has shifted dramatically in the last decade with multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) previously used as first-line treatment but its utility is limited by short-lived efficacy and rapid disease progression. The dysregulation of immune cells in the tumour microenvironment contributes to unregulated growth of RCC. Thus, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has become first-line treatment for metastatic RCC and has offered dramatic improvement in clinical benefit and survival. Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor in combination with TKI appears to be promising in offering even greater response rates. The treatment for metastatic RCC continues to evolve and ongoing advances with new targeted agents and biomarkers are needed to continue to improve prognosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Tung
- Department of Oncology, Goulburn Valley Health, Shepparton, VIC, Australia
| | - Arvind Sahu
- Department of Oncology, Goulburn Valley Health, Shepparton, VIC, Australia
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112
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Major complications after total en bloc spondylectomy with high-dose radiation therapy for spinal metastasis: A case report and review of literature. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2021.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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113
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Transition to Targeted Therapies Improved the Prognosis and Increased the Utilization of Medical Treatments among Patients with Synchronous Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer. Int J Surg Oncol 2021; 2021:5237695. [PMID: 34422411 PMCID: PMC8378950 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5237695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of targeted therapies (TTs) for metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) in 2005, a limited amount of epidemiological data on efficacy of modern drug therapies for synchronous mRCC has been published. We present a comprehensive nationwide cohort including all cases of primarily metastasized renal cell cancer among adults diagnosed between 2005 and 2010, based on data from the Finnish Cancer Registry and patient records from treating hospitals. Applied treatment protocols and survival outcomes were analyzed. A total of 977 patients were included in the analysis; 499 patients were diagnosed between 2005 and 2007 and 478 patients were diagnosed between 2008 and 2010. The median overall survival (OS) was 8.80 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.60–10.02). The median OS of the patients diagnosed at the latter era was significantly better (11.1; 95% CI: 8.8–13.4 vs. 7.0; 95% CI: 5.7–8.3 months, p ≤ 0.001). A total number of 524 (53.8%) patients received drug therapy. Altogether, TTs including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi), and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor covered 331 (63.2%) of first-line treatments, whereas interferon and its combinations with chemotherapy were used for 186 (35.5%) patients. The median OS rates for TT and interferon as first-line therapy groups were 19.9 (16.9–22.8) and 14.9 (12.3–17.4) months, respectively. The OS for patients who did not receive drug therapy after cytoreductive nephrectomy was dismal. We found that the OS estimate of mRCC patients in Finland has improved since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, the prognosis remains poor for frail, elderly patients with an impaired performance status.
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114
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Muroni MR, Ribback S, Sotgiu G, Kroeger N, Saderi L, Angius A, Cossu-Rocca P, De Miglio MR. Prognostic Impact of Membranous/Nuclear Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Localization in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168747. [PMID: 34445451 PMCID: PMC8395723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR is overexpressed in the majority of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CCRCCs). Although EGFR deregulation was found to be of great significance in CCRCC biology, the EGFR overexpression is not associated with EGFR-targeted therapy responsiveness. Moreover, the prognostic role of EGFR expression remains controversial. In the present study, we evaluated the role played by EGFR overexpression in CCRCC and its prognostic significance associated with different immunohistochemical localization patterns. In our study, the Total Score (TS) related to membranous-cytoplasmic EGFR expression showed a significant correlation with grade, pathologic stage (pT), and Stage, Size, Grade, and Necrosis (SSIGN) score, and a negative correlation with nuclear EGFR expression. No significant correlations were shown between nuclear EGFR and clinic-pathological features. Additionally, a correlation between SGLT1 expression levels and pT was described. Multivariate analysis identifies pT and SSIGN score as independent prognostic factors for CCRCC. A significantly increased survival rate was found in the case of positive expression of nuclear EGFR and SGLT1. Based on our findings, SGLT1 and nuclear EGFR overexpression defines a subgroup of CCRCC patients with good prognosis. Membranous-cytoplasmic EGFR expression was shown to be a poor prognostic factor and could define a CCRCC subgroup with poor prognosis that should be responsive to anti-EGFR therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Muroni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-R.)
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-R.)
| | - Nils Kroeger
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Urologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Sauerbruchstr, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Laura Saderi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-R.)
| | - Andrea Angius
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Cittadella Universitaria di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.R.D.M.); Tel.: +39-0706754543 (A.A.); +39-079228016 (M.R.D.M.)
| | - Paolo Cossu-Rocca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-R.)
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Services, “Giovanni Paolo II” Hospital, ASSL Olbia-ATS Sardegna, 07026 Olbia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria De Miglio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-R.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.R.D.M.); Tel.: +39-0706754543 (A.A.); +39-079228016 (M.R.D.M.)
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Han N, Li H, Wang H. MicroRNA-203 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion of renal cell carcinoma cells via the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by inhibiting CAV1. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 14:227-241. [PMID: 32990143 PMCID: PMC7714454 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2020.1827665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the underlying mechanism of microRNA-203 (miR-203) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) involving the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The results revealed downregulated miR-203 and upregulated CAV1 in RCC tissues. Upregulated miR-203 and downregulated CAV1 increased E-cadherin expression and cell apoptosis, decreased β-catenin and N-cadherin expression and cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and blocked cell cycle entry. CAV1, a target gene of miR-203, decreased by up-regulated miR-203, and silencing CAV1 led to the inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggested that miR-203-mediated direct suppression of CAV1 inhibits EMT of RCC cells via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Han
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, P. R. China
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Cheng L, Cao H, Xu J, Xu M, He W, Zhang W, Dong L, Chen D. Circ_RPL23A acts as a miR-1233 sponge to suppress the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by promoting ACAT2. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:415-428. [PMID: 34036483 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent urological carcinoma with high metastatic risk. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as effective diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for ccRCC. This research aims to disclose the effect and regulatory mechanism of circRNA ribosomal protein L23a (circ_RPL23A) in ccRCC. We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to examine circ_RPL23A, microRNA-1233 (miR-1233) and acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2). Cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cell viability, invasion and migration, which were respectively conducted by using flow cytometry, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), transwell assays. The levels of ACAT2 protein and cell cycle proteins, proliferation-associated protein, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) associated proteins were measured by western blot. Target relationship was analyzed via dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull down assay. The animal model was used to study how circ_RPL23A affects in vivo. Circ_RPL23A was lower expressed in ccRCC tissues and cells. The elevated circ_RPL23A suppressed cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration and invasion but promoted apoptosis in ccRCC cells. MiR-1233 was a target of circ_RPL23A and direct targeted to ACAT2. Besides, circ_RPL23A exerted its anti-tumor effect by sponging miR-1233, and then relieved the inhibition effect of miR-1233 on ACAT2. Overexpression of circ_RPL23A also curbed ccRCC tumor growth in vivo. Circ_RPL23A inhibited ccRCC progression by upregulating ACAT2 expression by competitively binding miR-1233, which might provide an in-depth cognition for ccRCC pathogenesis and circ_RPL23A might be a promising biomarker in ccRCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No.348, Dexiang Street, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, Province, China
| | - Huifeng Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No.348, Dexiang Street, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, Province, China
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mo Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No.348, Dexiang Street, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, Province, China
| | - Wenjie He
- Department of Outpatient, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Longxin Dong
- Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dayin Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No.348, Dexiang Street, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, Province, China.
- Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
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117
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Cui Y, Zhang S, Miao C, Liang C, Chen X, Yan T, Bu H, Dong H, Li J, Li J, Wang Z, Liu B. Identification of autophagy-related long non-coding RNA prognostic and immune signature for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3317-3331. [PMID: 34532256 PMCID: PMC8421821 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies over the past decade have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in the tumorigenesis and progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Meanwhile, autophagy has been demonstrated to regulate KIRC pathogenesis and targeting therapy resistance. However, the prognostic value of autophagy-related lncRNAs in KIRC patients has not been reported before. METHODS In this study, we obtained transcriptome data of 611 KIRC cases from the TCGA database and 258 autophagy-related mRNAs from the HADb database to identify autophagy-related lncRNAs by co-expression network. A prognostic model was then established basing on these autophagy-related lncRNAs, dividing patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Survival analysis, clinical variables dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, univariate/multivariate Cox analyses, and clinical correlation analysis were performed based on risk signature with R language. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was then performed to investigate the potential mechanism of the risk signature promoting KIRC progression with GSEA software. CIBERSORT algorithm was performed to assess the impact of these lncRNAs on the infiltration of immune cells. RESULTS A total of 17 lncRNAs were screened out and all these lncRNAs were found significantly related to KIRC patients' overall survival in subsequent survival analyses. Besides, the overall survival time in the high-risk group was much poorer than in the low-risk group. The ROC analysis revealed that the prognostic value of risk signature was better than age, gender, grade, and N stage. Univariate/multivariate analyses suggested that the risk signature was an independent predictive factor for KIRC patients. Immune and autophagy related pathways were dramatically enriched in high-risk and low-risk groups, respectively, and lncRNAs related immune cells were identified by CIBERSORT. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our identified 17 autophagy-related lncRNAs had prognostic value for KIRC patients which may function in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankang Cui
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenkui Miao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengtao Bu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junchen Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bianjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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118
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Zheng X, Wezel F, Azoitei A, Meessen S, Wang W, Najjar G, Wang X, Kraus JM, Kestler HA, John A, Zengerling F, Bolenz C, Günes C. Shorter Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Associated with Worse Survival of Patients with Bladder Cancer and Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3774. [PMID: 34359672 PMCID: PMC8345040 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are protein-DNA complexes at the tips of linear chromosomes. They protect the DNA from end-to-end fusion and exonucleolytic degradation. Shortening of telomeric DNA during aging can generate dysfunctional telomeres, promoting tumorigenesis. More recent data indicate that both short and long telomeres of peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) cells can serve as prognostic biomarkers for cancer risk and may be associated with survival of patients with solid cancers. Telomere length in PBL cells could also be a potential prognostic biomarker for survival in bladder cancer (BC) or renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS The relative telomere length (RTL) of PBL cells was assessed in patients with BC (n = 144) and RCC (n = 144) by using qPCR. A control population of patients without malignant disease (NC, n = 73) was included for comparison. The correlation and association of RTL with histopathological parameters and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. RESULTS Patients with BC and RCC had significantly shorter telomeres compared to patients without malignant disease. Within the cancer cohorts, multivariate analysis revealed that short RTL is an independent predictor of worse survival in BC (p = 0.039) and RCC (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION Patients with BC and RCC had significantly shorter telomeres compared to the normal population. Shorter RTL in BC and RCC was an independent predictor of reduced survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.Z.); (F.W.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (W.W.); (G.N.); (X.W.); (A.J.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Felix Wezel
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.Z.); (F.W.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (W.W.); (G.N.); (X.W.); (A.J.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Anca Azoitei
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.Z.); (F.W.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (W.W.); (G.N.); (X.W.); (A.J.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Sabine Meessen
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.Z.); (F.W.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (W.W.); (G.N.); (X.W.); (A.J.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Wenya Wang
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.Z.); (F.W.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (W.W.); (G.N.); (X.W.); (A.J.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Gregoire Najjar
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.Z.); (F.W.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (W.W.); (G.N.); (X.W.); (A.J.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.Z.); (F.W.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (W.W.); (G.N.); (X.W.); (A.J.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Johann M. Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.M.K.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.M.K.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Axel John
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.Z.); (F.W.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (W.W.); (G.N.); (X.W.); (A.J.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Friedemann Zengerling
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.Z.); (F.W.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (W.W.); (G.N.); (X.W.); (A.J.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Christian Bolenz
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.Z.); (F.W.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (W.W.); (G.N.); (X.W.); (A.J.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (X.Z.); (F.W.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (W.W.); (G.N.); (X.W.); (A.J.); (F.Z.); (C.B.)
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Lee JSZ, Hall J, Sutherland T. Complications of renal interventions: a pictorial review of CT findings. Insights Imaging 2021; 12:102. [PMID: 34275011 PMCID: PMC8286918 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-021-01048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of potential vascular and non-vascular complications can arise from surgical, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, radiotherapy and radiological renal interventions, including percutaneous image-guided biopsy and drainage. Computed tomography scan is usually one of the first and most important diagnostic imaging examinations requested when a potential complication is suspected. There are a wide range of common and uncommon potential complications from renal interventions. An understanding of underlying risk factors is important to reduce potential complications from renal intervention. Radiologists play a crucial role in recognising and diagnosing post-renal intervention complications on computed tomography scans, which could significantly improve the patient’s prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean S Z Lee
- Medical Imaging Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Jonathan Hall
- Medical Imaging Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Tom Sutherland
- Medical Imaging Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
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Hishida T, Masai K, Kaseda K, Asakura K, Asamura H. Debulking surgery for malignant tumors: the current status, evidence and future perspectives. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:1349-1362. [PMID: 34254145 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Debulking surgery, also called cytoreductive surgery, is a resection of the tumor as much as possible and an intended incomplete resection for unresectable malignant tumors. Since the most important principle in surgical oncology is complete R0 resection, debulking surgery goes against the basic principle and obscures the concept of operability. However, debulking surgery has been advocated for various types of advanced malignant tumors, including gynecological cancers, urological cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, breast cancers and other malignancies, with or without adjuvant therapy. Positive data from randomized trials have been shown in subsets of ovarian cancer, renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer and breast cancer. However, recent trials for renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer and breast cancer have tended to show controversial results, mainly according to the survival improvement of nonsurgical systemic therapy alone. On the other hand, debulking surgery still has a therapeutic role for slow-growing and borderline malignant tumors, such as pseudomyxoma peritonei and thymomas. The recent understanding of tumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution responsible for malignancy and drug resistance indicates that select patients may obtain prolonged survival by the synergistic effect of debulking surgery and novel systemic therapy. This review aimed to describe the current status and evidence of debulking surgery in a cross-organ manner and to discuss future perspectives in the current era with advances in systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hisao Asamura
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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121
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Liang Z, Chen Y, Gu T, She J, Dai F, Jiang H, Zhan Z, Li K, Liu Y, Zhou X, Tang L. LXR-Mediated Regulation of Marine-Derived Piericidins Aggravates High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Cholesterol Metabolism Disorder in Mice. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9943-9959. [PMID: 34251816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reported as two antirenal cell carcinoma (RCC) drug candidates, marine-derived compounds piericidin A (PA) and glucopiericidin A (GPA) exhibit hepatotoxicity in renal carcinoma xenograft mice. Proteomics and transcriptomics reveal the hepatotoxicity related with cholesterol disposition since RCC is characterized by cholesterol accumulation. PA/GPA aggravate hepatotoxicity in high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed mice while exhibiting no toxicity in chow diet-fed mice. High cholesterol accumulation in liver is liver X receptor (LXR)-mediated cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily a member 1 (CYP7A1) depression and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) activation. The farnesoid X nuclear receptor (FXR) is also depressed with a downregulated target gene OSTα. Different from PA directly combined with LXRα as an inhibitor, GPA exists as a prodrug in the liver and exerts toxic effects due to transformation into PA. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and docking results of 17 piericidins illustrate that glycosides exert no LXRα binding activity. A longer survival time of GPA-treated mice indicates that further exploration in anti-RCC drug research should focus on reducing glycosides transformed into PA and concentrating in the kidney tumor rather than the liver for lowering the risk of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tanwei Gu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianglian She
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Fahong Dai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huanguo Jiang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhikun Zhan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kunlong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Lan Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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De B, Venkatesan AM, Msaouel P, Ghia AJ, Li J, Yeboa DN, Nguyen QN, Bishop AJ, Jonasch E, Shah AY, Campbell MT, Wang J, Zurita-Saavedra AJ, Karam JA, Wood CG, Matin SF, Tannir NM, Tang C. Definitive radiotherapy for extracranial oligoprogressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma as a strategy to defer systemic therapy escalation. BJU Int 2021; 129:610-620. [PMID: 34228889 PMCID: PMC10097479 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether delivering definitive radiotherapy (RT) to sites of oligoprogression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) enabled deferral of systemic therapy (ST) changes without compromising disease control or survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified patients with mRCC who received RT to three or fewer sites of extracranial progressive disease between 2014 and 2019 at a large tertiary cancer centre. Inclusion criteria were: (1) controlled disease for ≥3 months before oligoprogression, (2) all oligoprogression sites treated with a biologically effective dose of ≥100 Gy, and (3) availability of follow-up imaging. Time-to-event end-points were calculated from the start of RT. RESULTS A total of 72 patients were identified (median follow-up 22 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 19-32 months), with oligoprogressive lesions in lung/mediastinum (n = 35), spine (n = 30), and non-spine bone (n = 5). The most common systemic therapies before oligoprogression were none (n = 33), tyrosine kinase inhibitor (n = 23), and immunotherapy (n = 13). At 1 year, the local control rate was 96% (95% CI 87-99%); progression-free survival (PFS), 52% (95% CI 40-63%); and overall survival, 91% (95% CI 82-96%). At oligoprogression, ST was escalated (n = 16), maintained (n = 49), or discontinued (n = 7), with corresponding median (95% CI) PFS intervals of 19.7 (8.2-27.2) months, 10.1 (6.9-13.2) months, and 9.8 (2.4-28.9) months, respectively. Of the 49 patients maintained on the same ST at oligoprogression, 21 did not subsequently have ST escalation. CONCLUSION Patients with oligoprogressive mRCC treated with RT had comparable PFS regardless of ST strategy, suggesting that RT may be a viable approach for delaying ST escalation. Randomised controlled trials comparing treatment of oligoprogression with RT vs ST alone are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian De
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aradhana M Venkatesan
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amol J Ghia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debra N Yeboa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Quynh-Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J Bishop
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Jonasch
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amishi Y Shah
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew T Campbell
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amado J Zurita-Saavedra
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jose A Karam
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Urology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher G Wood
- Department of Urology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Surena F Matin
- Department of Urology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Lin G, Wang H, Wu Y, Wang K, Li G. Hub Long Noncoding RNAs with m6A Modification for Signatures and Prognostic Values in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:682471. [PMID: 34295922 PMCID: PMC8290079 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.682471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A)–modified long noncoding RNAs (m6A-lncRNAs) have been proven to be involving in regulating tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis for a variety of tumors. The present study aimed to screen lncRNAs with m6A modification and investigate their biological signatures and prognostic values in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Materials and Methods: lncRNA-seq, miRNA-seq, and mRNA-seq profiles of KIRC samples and the clinical characteristics of corresponding patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The R package “edgeR” was utilized to perform differentially expressed analysis on these profiles to gain DElncRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and DEmRNAs, respectively. The results of intersection of DElncRNAs and m6A-modified genes were analyzed by the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to screen hub m6A-lncRNAs. Then, WGCNA was also used to construct an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA (ceRNA) network. The Cox regression analysis was conducted on hub m6A-lncRNAs to construct the m6A-lncRNAs prognostic index (m6AlRsPI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive ability of m6AlRsPI. The m6AlRsPI model was tested by internal and external cohorts. The molecular signatures and prognosis for hub m6A-lncRNAs and m6AlRsPI were analyzed. The expression level of hub m6A-lncRNAs in KIRC cell lines were quantified by qRT-PCR. Results: A total of 21 hub m6A-lncRNAs associated with tumor metastasis were identified in the light of WGCNA. The ceRNA network for 21 hub m6A-lncRNAs was developed. The Cox regression analysis was performed on the 21 hub m6A-lncRNAs, screening two m6A-lncRNAs regarded as independent prognostic risk factors. The m6AlRsPI was established based on the two m6A-lncRNAs as follows: (0.0006066 × expression level of LINC01820) + (0.0020769 × expression level of LINC02257). The cutoff of m6AlRsPI was 0.96. KM survival analysis for m6AlRsPI showed that the high m6AlRsPI group could contribute to higher mortality. The area under ROC curve for m6AlRsPI for predicting 3- and 5-year survival was 0.760 and 0.677, respectively, and the m6AlRsPI was also tested. The mutation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) analysis for m6AlRsPI showed that the high m6AIRsPI group had more samples with gene mutation and had more likely caused EMT. Finally, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed for mRNAs interacted with the two m6A-lncRNAs, showing they were involved in the process of RNA splicing and regulation of the mRNA surveillance pathway. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the two m6A-lncRNAs were upregulated in KIRC. Conclusion: In the present study, hub m6A-lncRNAs were determined associated with metastasis in KIRC, and the ceRNA network demonstrated the potential carcinogenic regulatory pathway. Two m6A-lncRNAs associated with the overall survival were screened and m6AlRsPI was constructed and validated. Finally, the molecular signatures for m6AlRsPI and the two m6A-lncRNAs were analyzed to investigate the potential modulated processes in KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoteng Lin
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Keruo Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Zhao T, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Yi X, Ge S, He H, Xue S, Du B, Ge J, Dong J, Qu L, Wang L, Zhou W. QPCT regulation by CTCF leads to sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma by promoting angiogenesis. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:48. [PMID: 34036385 PMCID: PMC8208629 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib is widely used as a first‑line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, a number of patients with RCC who receive sunitinib develop drug resistance; and the biological mechanisms involved in resistance to sunitinib remain unclear. It has previously been suggested that the protein glutaminyl‑peptide cyclotransferase (QPCT) is closely related to sunitinib resistance in RCC. Thus, in the present study, in order to further examine the molecular mechanisms responsible for sunitinib resistance in RCC, sunitinib‑non‑responsive and ‑responsive RCC tissue and plasma samples were collected and additional experiments were performed in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for sunitinib resistance in RCC. The upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms of QPCT were also evaluated. On the whole, the data from the present study suggest that QPCT, CCCTC‑binding factor (CTCF) and phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑bisphosphate 3‑kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) may be used as targets for predicting, reversing and treating sunitinib‑resistant RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangliang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Yi
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Silun Ge
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Haowei He
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Du
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Wenquan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Wu J, Yang N, Yuan M. Dietary and circulating vitamin D and risk of renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Int Braz J Urol 2021; 47:733-744. [PMID: 33146974 PMCID: PMC8321484 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis is the first to evaluate the associations of circulating and dietary intake of vitamin D with risk of risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Our findings showed that higher circulating vitamin D level and dietary vitamin D intake were associated with a reduced risk of RCC. The possible explanation might be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effect, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases from their inception points through December 2018 for observational studies. The pooled relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% CIs were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects models. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was employed to assess the quality of the included studies. RESULTS A total of 9 publications were included in this meta-analysis. An overall analysis of the highest versus lowest intake levels revealed that circulating vitamin D level was protectively associated with risk of RCC 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64-0.89, P=0.001), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2=38.8%, P=0.162). In addition, dietary vitamin D intake was associated with a reduced risk of RCC (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 75-0.99, P=0.030). Statistical heterogeneity was not identified (I2=28.8%, P=0.199). Subgroup analyses results showed the gender differences, and the associations were significant in results with women participants (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.55-0.88) and case-control studies (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.95). CONCLUSION Higher circulating vitamin D level and higher dietary vitamin D intake both might be associated with a reduced risk of RCC. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are required in the future to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Cadre WardHarbinChinaDepartment of Cadre Ward, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Cadre WardHarbinChinaDepartment of Cadre Ward, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mingxin Yuan
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityDepartment of Cadre WardHarbinChinaDepartment of Cadre Ward, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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126
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Dupuis HGA, Chebbi A, Surlemont L, Rigal O, Di Fiore F, Pfister C, Nouhaud FX. Efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies in older patients for first line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2418-2426. [PMID: 34295728 PMCID: PMC8261413 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background immunotherapy became the first line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Nevertheless, a better understanding of the specificities of targeted therapies (TT) in the elderly population could be helpful in order to improve the management of mRCC in this population. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess efficacy and safety of sunitinib and sorafenib used as first-line TT in 70 years older patients compared to younger patients. Methods Data were retrospectively collected for all consecutive mRCC patients receiving first line TT treatment by sunitinib or sorafenib for mRCC from January 2006 to November 2017. Patients were divided into two groups according to the age using a cut-off at 70 years old. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank test. Results In total, 147 patients were included; 94 (63.9%) were <70 and 53 (36.1%) were 70 years old or more. First line TT used was sunitinib in 123 (83.7%) patients or sorafenib in 24 (16.3%) patients. Median PFS was 8 months for elderly patients vs. 6 in younger group (P=0.68). Median OS were 26 vs. 36 months (P=0.08). Severe induced toxicity was more frequent among elderly patients: 34 (64.2%) vs. 46 patients (48.9%) (P=0.07). Rate of treatment discontinuation due to toxicity was 22 patients (23.4%) in younger group vs. 28 patients (52.8%) in the elderly group (P=0.0005). Results were similar in the 2 groups regarding the type of toxicities. Conclusions Our results suggest similar efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents as first-line treatment for mRCC among younger and older patients with an age cut-off of 70 years. Safety results suggest that these drugs can be safely used for older patients with a need of caution regarding toxicity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ala Chebbi
- Urology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Louis Surlemont
- Urology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Rigal
- Medical Oncology Unit, Henri Becquerel Center, Rouen, France
| | | | - Christian Pfister
- Urology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Clinical Investigation Center, Inserm 1404, Onco Urology, Rouen, France
| | - François-Xavier Nouhaud
- Urology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Clinical Investigation Center, Inserm 1404, Onco Urology, Rouen, France
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Abdul-Ghafar J, Ud Din N, Saadaat R, Ahmad Z. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to pancreas and gastrointestinal tract: a clinicopathological study of 3 cases and review of literature. BMC Urol 2021; 21:84. [PMID: 34034720 PMCID: PMC8145803 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) metastasizes in approximately 20-30% cases. The most common sites for metastases are the lungs, bones, liver, and brain. Metastases of RCC in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are very rare. Metastatic RCC has a poor prognosis. We herein present a case series of three patients with metastatic disease in the colon, duodenum, and pancreas following complete resection of RCC. METHODS Hematoxylin and Eosin and immunohistochemical slides of 3 cases of RCC metastatic to GIT were reviewed. These cases were diagnosed between 2002 and 2019 at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan, and Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan. We also present a detailed review of published literature. RESULTS We reviewed cases of three patients, two females and one male, with a mean age of 57.3 years (range 40-67 years) who underwent nephrectomy for RCC. They developed metastases in the colon, pancreas, and duodenum, respectively 12-168 months (median time 156 months) following primary tumor resection. The patient with metastatic RCC in colon presented with abdominal pain and constipation. An ulcerated mass was found on colonoscopy 30 cm from the anal verge. Diagnosis of RCC with rhabdoid features was confirmed in both primary and metastatic tumors. The second patient developed a metastatic nodule in the head of pancreatic while the third patient developed metastatic nodules in the duodenum and pancreas which were detected by Computed Tomography (CT) scanning. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of clear cell RCC in the metastatic nodules in both cases. CONCLUSION Metastatic RCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mass in the gastrointestinal (including pancreaticobiliary) tract especially in presence of a past history of RCC. These patients should be screened thoroughly by physical examination and appropriate imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | - Nasir Ud Din
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ramin Saadaat
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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128
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Papillary renal cell carcinoma: Review. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:327-337. [PMID: 34034966 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Kidney cancer is the 13th most common malignancy globally, and the incidence is rising. Papillary renal cell carcinoma is the second most common subtype, comprising 10-15% of renal cell carcinomas. Though the histologic features of this subtype were initially described in the 1990's, our understanding of the genetic and molecular characteristics of this disease have rapidly evolved over the past decade. In this review, we summarize the contemporary understanding of the clinical, morphologic, radiographic, and genetic characteristics of papillary renal cell carcinoma, as well as clinical considerations, current options for management, and prognosis.
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129
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Poon DMC, Chan CK, Chan K, Chu WH, Kwong PWK, Lam W, Law KS, Lee EKC, Liu PL, Sze HCK, Wong JHM, Chan ESY. Consensus statements on the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma from the Hong Kong Urological Association and the Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology 2019. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2021; 17 Suppl 3:27-38. [PMID: 33860644 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To establish a set of consensus statements for the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, a total of 12 urologists and clinical oncologists from two professional associations in Hong Kong formed an expert consensus panel. METHODS Through a series of meetings and using the modified Delphi method, the panelists presented recent evidence, discussed clinical experiences, and drafted consensus statements on several areas of focus regarding the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Each statement was eventually voted upon by every panelist based on the practicability of recommendation. RESULTS A total of 46 consensus statements were ultimately accepted and established by panel voting. CONCLUSIONS Derived from recent evidence and expert insights, these consensus statements were aimed at providing practical guidance to optimize metastatic renal cell carcinoma management and promote a higher standard of clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Ming-Chun Poon
- Comprehensive Oncology Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Ki Chan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kuen Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Hong Chu
- Suite 418, Central Building, 1 Pedder Street, Central, Hong Kong
| | | | - Wayne Lam
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Suet Law
- Department of Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Ka-Chai Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Pak-Ling Liu
- Department of Surgery, Caritas Medical Centre, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Joseph Hon-Ming Wong
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Zhang J, Jin S, Xiao W, Zhu X, Jia C, Lin Z. Long noncoding RNA LINC00641 promotes renal cell carcinoma progression via sponging microRNA-340-5p. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:210. [PMID: 33853611 PMCID: PMC8048250 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidences have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have played critical roles in tumor occurrence and progression. LINC00641 has been reported to be involved in the initiation and development of several cancers in the recent years. However, the detailed biological role of LINC00641 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains largely unclear. METHODS In this study, the expression and biological function of LINC00641 were assessed in renal carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation, migration and colony formation assay were performed to explore the effect of LINC00641on growth, progression and invasion of RCC cell. qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and luciferase reporter assay and in vivo tumorigenicity assay were also carried out. RESULTS The expression of LINC00641 was overexpressed in RCC tissues and cell lines, and high LINC00641 expression was correlated with tumor-node-metastasis stage. Furthermore, Silencing of LINC00641 remarkably inhibited the ability of cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasive capacities, as well as increasing the apoptotic rates of RCC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-340-5p was validated to be targeted by LINC00641 and knockdown of miR-340-5p counteracted LINC00641 silencing-mediated inhibition of RCC progression. In addition, in vivo experiment confirmed the findings discovered in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that LINC00641 promoted the progression of RCC by sponging miR-340-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shengming Jin
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuchao Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyou Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongming Lin
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Long non-conding RNA LOXL1-AS1 sponges miR-589-5p to up-regulate CBX5 expression in renal cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226653. [PMID: 33185692 PMCID: PMC7670581 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumor that seriously endangers people's health. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered to play vital roles in diverse cancers, including RCC. LncRNA lysyl oxidase like 1 antisense RNA 1 (LOXL1-AS1) has been found to exert carcinogenic functions in several cancers, but its role and mechanism in RCC have not been investigated. METHODS qRT-PCR was utilized for testing RNA expression and Western blot for protein expression in RCC tissues or cells. Then, we assessed cell function by conducting a series of functional experiments, such as 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining, colony formation, flow cytometry, JC-1, Western blot and transwell migration experiments. Following, RNA immunoprecipitation, pull down and luciferase reporter experiments were carried out to explore the regulatory mechanisms of LOXL1-AS1 in RCC. RESULTS LOXL1-AS1 was highly expressed in RCC tissues and cells. Moreover, knockdown of LOXL1-AS1 hampered RCC cell proliferation and migration. Importantly, miR-589-5p that was lowly expressed and worked as a tumor-inhibitor in RCC was found to bind with LOXL1-AS1. Furthermore, chromobox 5 (CBX5) targeted by miR-589-5p could expedite cell proliferation and migration in RCC. Finally, overexpressed CBX5 or inhibited miR-589-5p reversed the repressive impacts of silenced LOXL1-AS1 on RCC malignant phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 sequestered miR-589-5p to augment CBX5 expression in RCC cells, opening a new way for potential development in RCC treatment.
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132
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Millet-Boureima C, He S, Le TBU, Gamberi C. Modeling Neoplastic Growth in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3918. [PMID: 33920158 PMCID: PMC8070407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) share several characteristics, including neoplastic cell growth, kidney cysts, and limited therapeutics. As well, both exhibit impaired vasculature and compensatory VEGF activation of angiogenesis. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf/ERK pathways play important roles in regulating cystic and tumor cell proliferation and growth. Both RCC and ADPKD result in hypoxia, where HIF-α signaling is activated in response to oxygen deprivation. Primary cilia and altered cell metabolism may play a role in disease progression. Non-coding RNAs may regulate RCC carcinogenesis and ADPKD through their varied effects. Drosophila exhibits remarkable conservation of the pathways involved in RCC and ADPKD. Here, we review the progress towards understanding disease mechanisms, partially overlapping cellular and molecular dysfunctions in RCC and ADPKD and reflect on the potential for the agile Drosophila genetic model to accelerate discovery science, address unresolved mechanistic aspects of these diseases, and perform rapid pharmacological screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Millet-Boureima
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (C.M.-B.); (S.H.); (T.B.U.L.)
| | - Stephanie He
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (C.M.-B.); (S.H.); (T.B.U.L.)
| | - Thi Bich Uyen Le
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (C.M.-B.); (S.H.); (T.B.U.L.)
- Haematology-Oncology Research Group, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chiara Gamberi
- Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528-6054, USA
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133
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Xing Q, Zeng T, Liu S, Cheng H, Ma L, Wang Y. A novel 10 glycolysis-related genes signature could predict overall survival for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:381. [PMID: 33836688 PMCID: PMC8034085 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of glycolysis in tumorigenesis has received increasing attention and multiple glycolysis-related genes (GRGs) have been proven to be associated with tumor metastasis. Hence, we aimed to construct a prognostic signature based on GRGs for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and to explore its relationships with immune infiltration. Methods Clinical information and RNA-sequencing data of ccRCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and ArrayExpress datasets. Key GRGs were finally selected through univariate COX, LASSO and multivariate COX regression analyses. External and internal verifications were further carried out to verify our established signature. Results Finally, 10 GRGs including ANKZF1, CD44, CHST6, HS6ST2, IDUA, KIF20A, NDST3, PLOD2, VCAN, FBP1 were selected out and utilized to establish a novel signature. Compared with the low-risk group, ccRCC patients in high-risk groups showed a lower overall survival (OS) rate (P = 5.548Ee-13) and its AUCs based on our established signature were all above 0.70. Univariate/multivariate Cox regression analyses further proved that this signature could serve as an independent prognostic factor (all P < 0.05). Moreover, prognostic nomograms were also created to find out the associations between the established signature, clinical factors and OS for ccRCC in both the TCGA and ArrayExpress cohorts. All results remained consistent after external and internal verification. Besides, nine out of 21 tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) were highly related to high- and low- risk ccRCC patients stratified by our established signature. Conclusions A novel signature based on 10 prognostic GRGs was successfully established and verified externally and internally for predicting OS of ccRCC, helping clinicians better and more intuitively predict patients’ survival. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08111-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Xing
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.20 West Temple Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Tengyue Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Shouyong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Limin Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.20 West Temple Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.20 West Temple Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China.
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Chai D, Zhang Z, Shi SY, Qiu D, Zhang C, Wang G, Fang L, Li H, Tian H, Li H, Zheng J. Absent in melanoma 2-mediating M1 macrophages facilitate tumor rejection in renal carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101018. [PMID: 33493800 PMCID: PMC7823216 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) as an immune regulator for the regulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) function is unclear in tumor development. Here, the AIM2 function was investigated in TAMs-mediated malignant behaviors of renal carcinoma. The correlation analysis result showed that the AIM2 expression in TAMs was negatively correlated with the percentages of M2-like polarization phenotype in human or murine renal cancer specimens. By the cocultured assay with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and Renca cells, overexpression of AIM2 in macrophages enhanced the inflammasome activation and reversed the phenotype from M2 to M1. Compared with BMDMs-Ctrl cocultured group, BMDMs-AIM2 cocultured group showed reduced tumor cell proliferation and migration. The blockade of inflammasome activation by the inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CMK abrogated AIM2-mediated M1 polarization and the inhibition of tumor cell growth. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of AIM2-mediated M1 macrophages in vivo, BMDMs-AIM2 were intravenously injected into subcutaneous Renca-tumor mice. The results showed that the infiltration of M1 TAMs was increased and tumor growth was suppressed in BMDMs-AIM2-treated mice when compared with BMDMs-Ctrl-treat mice. Accordingly, the blockade of inflammasome activation reduced the anti-tumor activities of BMDMs-AIM2. Moreover, the lung metastases of renal carcinoma were suppressed by the administration of BMDMs-AIM2 accompanied with the reduced tumor foci. These results demonstrated that AIM2 enhanced TAMs polarization switch from anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypy to pro-inflammatory M1 through inflammasome signaling activation, thus exerting therapeutic intervention in renal carcinoma models. Our results provide a possible molecular mechanism for the modulation of TAMs polarization in tumor microenvironment and open a new potential therapeutic approach for renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.
| | - Zichun Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China; Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Shang Yuchen Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Lin Fang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Huizhong Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tian
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.
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135
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Joo YH, Jeon YJ, Cho HJ, Kim SW. Late Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Recurrence Presenting as a Maxillary Sinus Mass 12 Years after Nephrectomy: Case Report and Literature Review. JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.18787/jr.2020.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis to the sinonasal cavity is rare. Late recurrence, such as metastasis developing 10 years or more after nephrectomy, is even more rare. We present a rare case of late metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the maxillary sinus after nephrectomy and discuss reported sinonasal metastatic RCC cases. A 64-year-old man presented with left nasal obstruction for the previous one year. He had undergone right nephrectomy to treat RCC 12 years prior. Paranasal sinus computed tomography and magnetic resolution imaging revealed a 4.6-cm-diameter mass exhibiting delayed contrast enhancement that filled the left maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity. Histologically, clear cell RCC was diagnosed. We resected the maxillary sinus tumor to resolve the nasal obstruction for palliative symptom relief. There has been no evidence of recurrence to date, 3 years postoperatively. When a patient with a history of RCC presents with a hypervascular paranasal sinus mass, metastatic RCC should be considered, despite history of nephrectomy. It is important to make an appropriate treatment plan depending on extent of metastases and location of the metastatic tumor.
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136
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Marchand Crety C, Vigneau E, Invernizzi C. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy of a Solitary Metachronous Sphenoid Metastasis from Renal Cell Cancer: A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:269-273. [PMID: 33776715 PMCID: PMC7983564 DOI: 10.1159/000513743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasosinus metastases from kidney cancer are an unusual clinical presentation although some cases are reported in the literature. Among these cases, sphenoidal metastases are even rarer. Here we report a case of lone sphenoid metastasis in patients with papillary renal cell cancer. Eight months after radical nephrectomy, the patient presented with progressively worsening diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass in the right sphenoid sinus. Histopathological examination of the biopsy sample confirmed diagnosis of sinonasal metastasis from papillary renal cell carcinoma. The patient was declined for surgical management and received stereotactic body radiation therapy. Reassessment MRI at 4 months showed a complete response of the treated sphenoid lesion.
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137
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Tanaka T, Kawashima A, Marukawa Y, Kitayama T, Masaoka Y, Kojima K, Iguchi T, Hiraki T, Kanazawa S. Imaging evaluation of hereditary renal tumors: a pictorial review. Jpn J Radiol 2021; 39:619-632. [PMID: 33759057 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-021-01109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
More than 10 hereditary renal tumor syndromes (HRTSs) and related germline mutations have been reported with HRTS-associated renal and extrarenal manifestations with benign and malignant tumors. Radiologists play an important role in detecting solitary or multiple renal masses with or without extrarenal findings on imaging and may raise the possibility of an inherited predisposition to renal cell carcinoma, providing direction for further screening, intervention and surveillance of the patients and their close family members before the development of potentially lethal renal and extrarenal tumors. Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease are typically slow growing while RCCs associated with HRTSs, such as hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome, are highly aggressive. Therefore, radiologists need to be familiar with clinical and imaging findings of renal and extrarenal manifestations of HRTSs. This article reviews clinical and imaging findings for the evaluation of patients with well-established HRTSs from a radiologist's perspective to facilitate the clinical decision-making process for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Akira Kawashima
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Yohei Marukawa
- Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kitayama
- Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Masaoka
- Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Kojima
- Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Iguchi
- Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takao Hiraki
- Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Susumu Kanazawa
- Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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138
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Junejo NN, Alkhateeb SS, Alrumayyan MF, Alkhatib KY, Alzahrani HM, Alotaibi MF, Alothman KI, Al-Hussain TO, Altaweel WM. Trends in the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma in a contemporary tertiary care setting. Urol Ann 2021; 13:111-118. [PMID: 34194135 PMCID: PMC8210727 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_151_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last three eras, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has increased, due to increased radiological studies. The expected 5-year survival rate has become better, associated with the identification of small size renal masses. However, this survival improvement may be secondary to improved surgical techniques and medical therapies for these malignancies. Objectives The objective was to report the trends of clinical presentation, peri-operative, oncological outcomes, and surgical management trends for RCCs over the period. Methods After Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective study for adult patients was conducted, who presented with renal mass and were managed between 2008 and 2019. Variables, including demographics, perioperative and pathological outcomes analyzed using descriptive statistics for continuous variables reported as mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables values compared by Chi-square test. Survival Analysis calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The level of significance is set at P-value < 0.05. Results A total of 588 patients underwent surgical treatment for kidney cancer from January 2008 to January 2019. 237 (40.30%) were females and 351 (59.69%) males. The clinical presentation was higher as an incidental diagnosis of 58.67%. 71.25% of patients were from outside Riyadh city. Pathology was mostly clear cell RCC 61.22% and grade 2 (57.48%). Tumor size, surgery time, and length of hospital stay showed a significant difference between the three periods (both P > 0.05). Robotic surgery performed more than open (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the survival time, when compared to patients by the regions and when compared by the primary tumors (Log-Rank P = 0.4821). Patients from the Riyadh region (median = 54.0) had a significantly higher recurrence time (Log-Rank P < 0.0001). Conclusion There was a rising trend in the incidence of RCC associated with comorbidities and incidental diagnosis. In our study period we found increase in the trend of minimal invasive approach. The size of the tumor, blood loss and operative time decreases over the period of time. The Robotic assisted nephrectomy approach has become increased over the period of time duration in present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Nabi Junejo
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Alfaisal University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Saud Alkhateeb
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Alfaisal University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Faisal Alrumayyan
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hassan Messfer Alzahrani
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Faihan Alotaibi
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Alfaisal University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ibrahim Alothman
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Omar Al-Hussain
- Alfaisal University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Mohamed Altaweel
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Alfaisal University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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139
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Hou G, Zhao D, Jiang Y, Zhu Z, Huo L, Li F, Cheng W. Clinical utility of FDG PET/CT for primary and recurrent papillary renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Imaging 2021; 21:25. [PMID: 33632314 PMCID: PMC7908760 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-021-00393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the second most common subtype of RCC, after clear cell RCC. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of FDG PET/CT in primary and recurrent papillary RCC, and the role of staging FDG PET/CT in predicting survival. Methods A total of 66 patients with histopathologically confirmed papillary RCC who underwent either staging or restaging FDG PET/CT scans (30 had staging scans only, 28 had restaging scans only, 8 had both) were retrospectively included in this study. The sensitivity and specificity of restaging FDG PET/CT for detecting recurrence were assessed by histopathology and/or clinical follow-up as standard reference. Results Staging FDG PET/CT scans were performed in 38 patients, of which 31 (81.5%) showed FDG-positive primary renal lesions. The SUVmax of high-grade (WHO grade 3 and 4) papillary RCCs were significantly higher than that of low-grade (WHO grade 1 and 2) tumors (9.44 ± 6.18 vs 4.83 ± 3.19, P = 0.008). The SUVmax was not significantly different between type 1 and type 2 papillary RCCs (5.71 ± 2.88 vs. 6.99 ± 5.57, P = 0.563). Of the 38 patients, 12 developed disease progression during the follow-up period. Patients with primary tumor SUVmax> 5.85 were associated with significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) than those with tumor SUVmax≤5.85 (P = 0.005). Restaging FDG PET/CT scans were performed in 36 patients with suspected recurrent papillary RCCs. FDG PET/CT showed a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 72.7% for detecting recurrent disease. Comparison of PET/CT scans with CT/MRI imaging was available in 23 patients. FDG PET/CT revealed additional findings in 11 patients, mainly including lymph node and bone metastases. FDG PET/CT findings led to change in management in 5.3% (2/38) of patients in the staging setting and 16.7 (6/36) of patients in the restaging setting. Conclusions FDG PET/CT had a sensitivity of 81.5% for detecting primary papillary RCC, and tumor SUVmax derived from staging FDG PET/CT was a predictor of PFS. In the restaging process of papillary RCC, FDG PET/CT was very effective for detecting recurrent disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40644-021-00393-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhu Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dachun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Wuying Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China.
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140
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Zhong W, Zhang F, Huang C, Lin Y, Huang J. Classification of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma based on Tumor Suppressor Genomic Profiling. J Cancer 2021; 12:2359-2370. [PMID: 33758612 PMCID: PMC7974878 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent type of malignancy in adults. However, the clinical significance of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) is largely elusive. Herein, the expression profile TSGs and its clinical response in ccRCC were investigated. A total of 603 ccRCC samples from two cohorts (TCGA and ICGC) were retrieved in this study. Three molecular subtypes (C1, C2, and C3) were identified based on the TSGs expression profile in the TCGA dataset. Through Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA), six modules associated with three subtypes were identified. Pathway enrichment for the modules revealed that crucial pathways including p53 signaling and immune-related pathways were significantly enriched. We further focused on the relationship between immune infiltration level and subtypes, and found that subtype C1 was associated with higher immune infiltration level, subtype C2 was corresponding with medium immune infiltration level, whereas subtype C3 was correlated with lower immune infiltration level. Interestingly, C2 have a better survival outcome, while C1 and C3 showed a poor prognosis. Considering their survival difference, we then performed a differentially expression analysis between C2 and C1&3, and a total of 99 differentially expressed tumor suppressor genes (DETSGs) were identified. According to these DETSGs, 59 potential compounds with 28 mechanisms of action (MOA) were predicted using the Connectivity Map (CMap) database. Among these compounds, leflunomide, naftopidil, and ribavirin were the most prospective compounds for the treatment of ccRCC. In addition, we found that subtype C2 is more sensitive to sorafenib and sunitinib drugs, and C2 have more likelihood to be responded to immunotherapy. In summary, the three subtypes hinged on the tumor suppressor gene expression for ccRCC might contribute to understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of ccRCC. Also, its potential compounds might offer guidelines for developing a novel treatment strategy of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhong
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen 361101, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen 361101, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen 361101, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiyi Huang
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen 361101, Fujian Province, China
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Li M, Yin B, Chen M, Peng J, Mu X, Deng Z, Xiao J, Li W, Fan J. Downregulation of the lncRNA ASB16-AS1 Decreases LARP1 Expression and Promotes Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression via miR-185-5p/miR-214-3p. Front Oncol 2021; 10:617105. [PMID: 33680937 PMCID: PMC7933513 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.617105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) comprises approximately 75% of renal cell carcinomas, which is one of the most common and lethal urologic cancers, with poor quality of life for patients and is a huge economic burden to health care systems. It is imperative we find novel prognostic and therapeutic targets for ccRCC clinical intervention. In this study, we found that the expression of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) ASB16-AS1 was downregulated in ccRCC tissues compared with non-diseased tissues and was also associated with advanced tumor stage and larger tumors. By constructing cell and mouse models, it was found that downregulated lncRNA ASB16-AS1 enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, by performing bioinformatics analysis, biotinylated RNA pull-downs, AGO2-RIP, and luciferase reporter assays, our findings showed that downregulated ASB16-AS1 decreased La-related protein 1 (LARP1) expression by inhibiting miR-185-5p and miR-214-3p. Furthermore, it was found that overexpression of LARP1 reversed the promotive effects of downregulated ASB16-AS1 on ccRCC cellular progression. Our results revealed that downregulated ASB16-AS1 promotes ccRCC progression via a miR-185-5p-miR-214-3p-LARP1 pathway. We suggest that this pathway could be used to monitor prognosis and presents therapeutic targets for ccRCC clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzi Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingde Yin
- Department of Urology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mulin Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingtao Peng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyu Mu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Deng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiantao Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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142
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Udayaraja GK, Arnold Emerson I. Network-based gene deletion analysis identifies candidate genes and molecular mechanism involved in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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143
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Carcinoma a cellule renali metastatico: evidenze real-world da un ampio database amministrativo italiano. GLOBAL & REGIONAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 2021; 8:1-7. [PMID: 36627861 PMCID: PMC9616181 DOI: 10.33393/grhta.2021.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the healthcare resources’ consumption and integrated costs of patients with renal cancer and new metastasis (mRCC), in the perspective of the Italian National Health System (NHS). Methods: From the ReS database, through the administrative data record linkage, adults with a primary/secondary hospital (ordinary/daily admissions) diagnosis (ICD9-CM code) of renal cancer and lymph node and/or distant metastases in the same hospital discharge (index date) were selected in 2015. Metastases were defined new if they were absent in the 2 previous years. Patients were described in terms of gender, age (mean ± SD) and comorbidities of interest. The 2-year survival and annual pharmacological treatments, hospitalization, outpatient specialist services and costs were analysed. Results: Out of >6 million adults in the 2015 ReS database, 133 (2.1 × 100,000) were hospitalized with a diagnosis of RCC and metastasis. Patients with new metastases were 63.2% (1.4 × 100,000; 73.8% males; mean age 68 ± 13). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (70.2% of mRCC patients). The 2-year survival of mRCC patients was 26.2%. During 1-year follow-up, at least a drug was prescribed to 88.1% of mRCC patients (on average € 12,095/patient), 91.7% were hospitalized (€ 8,897/patient) and 82.1% entrusted the outpatient specialist care (€ 1,075/patient). The mean overall expenditure for the NHS was € 22,067 per capita. Conclusions: This study shows the mRCC burden on the Italian real clinical practice and its economic impact in the perspective of the NHS. Real-world analyses prove to be useful to concretely estimate the overall healthcare responsibility on patients affected by mRCC.
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Zhu X, Xue D, Liu J, Dong F, Li Y, Liu Y. Nodal is involved in chemoresistance of renal cell carcinoma cells via regulation of ABCB1. J Cancer 2021; 12:2041-2049. [PMID: 33754002 PMCID: PMC7974526 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most frequent malignancy within urological oncology. Understanding mechanisms of chemoresistance in RCC cell is important for therapy and drug development. We established cisplatin (CDDP) resistant RCC cells by treating cells with increasing concentrations of CDDP. Nodal, an important embryonic morphogen, was increased in RCC/CDDP cells. Targeted inhibition of Nodal via its siRNA or neutralization antibody restored sensitivity of RCC resistant cells to CDDP treatment. It was due to that si-Nodal can decrease expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded by ABCB1), one important ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporter for drug efflux. si-Nodal can decrease the transcription and promoter activity of ABCB1. Mechanistically, si-Nodal can decrease the phosphorylation of p65, which can bind to the promoter of ABCB1 and then trigger its transcription. Further, CDDP treatment decreased the expression of Nodal in culture medium of RCC cells. Collectively, we found that Nodal can regulate chemoresistance of RCC cells via regulating transcription of ABCB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Dongwei Xue
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Fengming Dong
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yili Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
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Raloxifene, identified as a novel LSD1 inhibitor, suppresses the migration of renal cell carcinoma. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:533-542. [PMID: 33527838 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: As an important epigenetic modulator, histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been proved to be associated with the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Discovering novel LSD1 inhibitors offers therapeutic potential for RCC treatment. Methods & Results: We identified raloxifene as a novel LSD1 inhibitor (IC50 = 2.08 μM) through small compound library screening. Molecular docking indicated raloxifene might bind LSD1 in the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding cavity in a reversible manner. Cell viability and migration assays showed raloxifene could suppress the proliferation and migration of RCC cells bearing overexpressed LSD1. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that LSD1 might be a promising therapeutic target for RCC and that raloxifene could serve as a lead compound for further anti-RCC metastasis drug discovery.
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146
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Epidemiology and Clinicopathological Profile of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review from Tertiary Care Referral Centre. J Kidney Cancer VHL 2021; 8:1-6. [PMID: 33552876 PMCID: PMC7827726 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2021.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3% of all adult cancers and 85% of all kidney tumours. Incidence of RCC is lower in Asian region, particularly in India, probably due to lack of reporting. Most of the data about RCC are from Western countries; and data from India are scarce, especially regarding para-neoplastic syndromes. We sought to determine the epidemiology, clinicopathological profile and management of RCC in a tertiary care centre in Western India. This was a retrospective study that involved data analysis of records of RCC patients who presented to our institution from April 2016 to February 2020. Laboratory investigations, including tests for paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS), and relevant radiologic investigations were performed and treatment was offered according to the stage, patient factors and available modalities. A total 142 RCC patients were included in the study. The median age of presentation was 58 years. Most of the patients (67%) were symptomatic, and 33% of the patients were asymptomatic, and the RCC was diagnosed incidentally. A large number of patients (56.3%) had PNS. The most common histopathologic type of RCC was clear cell carcinoma (68.8%), followed by papillary (20%) and chromophobe (8%) carcinoma. 40% of carcinomas with sarcomatoid differentiation were seen in patients under 50 years of age. Two cases of multicystic RCC were both seen in patients less than 50 years of age. 65.5% of the patients presented at Stage 1 and 2. Most surgeries (71.2%) were done in a minimally invasive manner. A significant number of patients were asymptomatic, in which RCC was detected incidentally. The age of presentation was earlier, yet the patients had a higher tumour stage. More than half of the patients had PNSs. Despite growing trend towards Western data, the significantly higher number of patients with PNSs and early age of presentation suggest inherent differences in tumour biology, possibly related to differences in genetic and environmental factors.
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147
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Zhou S, Sun G, Wang J, Zhang H. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement in adult renal cell carcinoma with lung metastasis: a case report and literature review. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 9:2855-2861. [PMID: 33457258 PMCID: PMC7807375 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement is rare, and the genetic profiles of the tumor have not been elucidated. Here, we report a case with recurrent papillary RCC and lung metastasis after nephrectomy for nearly 7 years. The patient first received sunitinib, whereas the drug toxicity was intolerable. Combined Immunohistology (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed the patient has an ALK rearrangement, and the patient then was treated with crizotinib. The patient had good tolerance, and a partial response in the target lesions was achieved. In order to further understand the benefit of crizotinib in ALK-rearranged RCC, the patient was detected with whole exome sequencing (WES) to study her genetic profiles. Compared those of RCC cases without ALK rearrangement (nALK-RCC), the patient and nine RCC cases with ALK rearrangement (ALK-RCC) revealed unique genetic characteristics: 1) The common mutations that occurred in RCC were not found in ALK-RCC.; 2) A total of 11 co-existing mutations in ALK-RCC were found, and they occurred in nALK-RCC at a relatively low frequency. DNMT3A mutations were concurrent with ALK fusions in our case. These findings indicated a different genetic alteration pattern of ALK-RCC from nALK-RCC. Our case demonstrated the efficacy of crizotinib in an RCC patient with ALK rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Guanxing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Hongtu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
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148
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Adapala RKR, Prabhu GGL, Sanman KN, Yalla DR, Shetty R, Venugopal P. Is preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio a red flag which can predict high-risk pathological characteristics in renal cell carcinoma? Urol Ann 2021; 13:47-52. [PMID: 33897164 PMCID: PMC8052900 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_34_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to invoke both immunological and inflammatory responses. While the neutrophils mediate the tumor-induced inflammatory response, the lymphocytes bring about the various immunological events associated with it. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple indicator of this dual response. We investigated the association between preoperative NLR and histopathological prognostic variables of RCC intending to find out whether it can be of value as a red flag capable of alerting the clinician as to the biological character of the tumor under consideration. Methods Preoperative NLR and clinicopathological variables, namely histological subtype, nuclear grade, staging, lymphovascular invasion, capsular invasion, tumor necrosis, renal sinus invasion, and sarcomatoid differentiation of 60 patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy, were analyzed to detect the association between the two. Results We found that mean preoperative NLR was significantly higher in clear-cell carcinomas (3.25 ± 0.29) when compared with nonclear-cell carcinomas (2.25 ± 0.63). There was a linear trend of NLR rise as the stage of the disease advanced. A significant rise in preoperative NLR was noted in tumors with various high-risk histopathological features such as tumor size, capsular invasion, tumor necrosis, and sarcomatoid differentiation. Conclusion Preoperative measurement of NLR is a simple test which may provide an early clue of high-risk pathological features of renal cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G G Laxman Prabhu
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K N Sanman
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Durga Rao Yalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjit Shetty
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - P Venugopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Tomasian A, Madaelil TP, Wallace AN, Wiesner E, Jennings JW. Percutaneous thermal ablation alone or in combination with cementoplasty for renal cell carcinoma osseous metastases: Pain palliation and local tumour control. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2021; 64:96-103. [PMID: 32043316 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous thermal ablation alone or in combination with cementoplasty for pain palliation and local tumour control of renal cell carcinoma osseous metastases. METHODS Imaging-guided thermal ablation was performed in 59 renal cell carcinoma osseous metastatic tumours in 23 patients (concomitant cementoplasty in 43 tumours) selected following multidisciplinary consultations to achieve local tumour control and pain palliation (75%, 44/59) or pain palliation alone (25%, 15/59) in this retrospective study. Tumour characteristics, procedural details and complications were documented. Pain palliation was assessed using pre- and post-procedural Numeric Rating Scale scores at 1-week, 1-month, 3-month and 6-month time intervals. Pre- and post-procedural cross-sectional imaging was reviewed to assess local tumour control rates at 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month post-treatment time intervals. RESULTS All procedures were technically successful and performed as pre-operatively planned. The median pre- and post-procedural Numeric Rating Scale scores were 8.0 and 3.0 (at all time intervals), respectively (P < 0.001). Local tumour control rates were 100% (40/40), 100% (36/36) and 85% (28/33) at ≥3 months, ≥6 months and ≥12 months post-procedural time intervals, respectively. There was 1 minor complication (1.7%, 1/59). CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous thermal ablation alone or in combination with cementoplasty is safe and effective for pain palliation and local tumour control of renal cell carcinoma osseous metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderanik Tomasian
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas P Madaelil
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adam N Wallace
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wiesner
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jack W Jennings
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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150
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Encephalic Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis during Treatment with Sunitinib for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8010005. [PMID: 33440621 PMCID: PMC7826710 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor that arises in the kidney parenchyma. For many years, sunitinib has represented the mainstay of medical treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Herein, we present the case of a 66-year-old woman with metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma undergoing treatment with sunitinib for two years that developed encephalic leukocytoclastic vasculitis, probably due to a paraneoplastic syndrome.
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