101
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Petruk G, Di Lorenzo F, Imbimbo P, Silipo A, Bonina A, Rizza L, Piccoli R, Monti DM, Lanzetta R. Protective effect of Opuntia ficus - indica L. cladodes against UVA-induced oxidative stress in normal human keratinocytes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5485-5489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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102
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Kim H, Park CS, Lee AY. Reduced Nrf2 activation in PI3K phosphorylation-impaired vitiliginous keratinocytes increases susceptibility to ROS-generating chemical-induced apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2481-2491. [PMID: 28836394 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocytes in affected epidermis of vitiligo patients are known to have impaired activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Based on critical roles of keratinocytes and oxidative stress in vitiligo development, this study examined whether keratinocytes with impaired PI3K activation were more vulnerable to apoptosis caused by oxidative stress from phenolic compounds, p-tert-butylphenol (4-TBP) and hydroquinone (HQ). Cell viability assay, FACS analysis, ELISA for TNF-α or IL-1a, ROS assay, Western blot analysis for Nrf2 expression, and confocal microscopy with anti-Nrf2 and phospho-PI3K antibodies were done on primary cultured normal human keratinocytes with or without PI3K knockdown in the presence or absence of chemical treatment or antioxidant. Immunofluorescence staining using anti-Nrf2, phospho-PI3K, TNF-ɑ, and IL-1ɑ antibodies, ROS assay using dihydroethidium, and TUNEL assay were performed on sets of depigmented and normally pigmented skin from vitiligo patients. Results showed that 4-TBP or HQ treatment increased apoptosis and the expression levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-1ɑ, and ROS in PI3K-knockdown keratinocytes which reduced Nrf2 nuclear translocation compared to control keratinocytes. These changes were significantly recovered by an antioxidant treatment. Depigmented epidermis of vitiligo patients also showed lower levels of Nrf2 and phospho-PI3K but higher levels of ROS, TNF-ɑ, IL-1ɑ, and ROS with more TUNEL-positive cells. Therefore, impaired PI3K activation in keratinocytes in depigmented epidermis of vitiligo patients are vulnerable to apoptosis caused by ROS-generating chemicals due to reduced Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyangmi Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Jung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-773, Republic of Korea
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103
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Moreira LC, de Ávila RI, Veloso DFMC, Pedrosa TN, Lima ES, do Couto RO, Lima EM, Batista AC, de Paula JR, Valadares MC. In vitro safety and efficacy evaluations of a complex botanical mixture of Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae): Prospects for developing a new dermocosmetic product. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:397-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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104
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Moon NR, Kang S, Park S. Consumption of ellagic acid and dihydromyricetin synergistically protects against UV-B induced photoaging, possibly by activating both TGF-β1 and wnt signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 178:92-100. [PMID: 29128706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EGA) and dihydromyricetin (DHM) are both found in fruits and vegetables are used for anti-aging treatment for the skin. The anti-photoaging efficacy of EGA and DHM was investigated in UV-B irradiated skin in vivo and the involvement of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and wnt signaling pathways were examined in vitro. HaCaT cells were treated with either 50μM EGA, 50μM DHM or 25μM EGA+25μM DHM before 100mJ/cm2 UV-B exposure, and then oxidative stress and inflammation was measured. The involvement of TGF-β1 and wnt signaling was measured using their inhibitors, respectively, in HaCaT cells. Mice were fed a high fat diet with either 0.7% cellulose, 0.7% EGA, 0.7% DHM or 0.35% EGA+0.35% DHM for 3weeks and the dorsal skin of the mice had UV-B irradiation. 3% cellulose, 3% EGA, 3% DHM or 1.5% EGA+1.5% DHM in 1,3-buthylene glycol was applied onto the dorsal skin at 30min before 1 MED UV-B exposure. In 100mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation, EGA and DHM mainly decreased oxidative stress and inflammation, respectively in HaCaT cells. Their activities were blocked by the TGF-β1 inhibitor, indicating their actions were mediated by TGF-β1 signaling (TGF-β1➔pSmad3➔Smad7). DHM enhanced wnt signaling by increasing β-catenin and decreasing Dickkopf-related protein-1. In mice, 1 MED UV-B exposure induced sunburn, redness, and blistering. EGA, DHM and especially EGA+DHM lessened their severity. UV-B increased epidermal thickness and damaged epidermal nucleus and cell structures. DHM and especially EGA+DHM prevented damage to the nucleus and cell structures. Expressions of circulating and dorsal skin IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA were lower in descending order of: control, EGA, DHM, EGA+DHM and normal-control. In conclusion, the consumption of EGA+DHM had a synergistically protective action against UV-B damage in the skin tissues of mice and HaCaT cells, and it may be associated with activating of both TGF-β1 and wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Rang Moon
- Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Suna Kang
- Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
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105
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SYK protects cardiocytes against anoxia and hypoglycemia-induced injury in ischemic heart failure. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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106
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Cellular protective effect of novel dimeric ferulamide derivatives against UVA and 1 O 2 and its structural mechanism. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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107
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Sun J, Wei X, Lu Y, Cui M, Li F, Lu J, Liu Y, Zhang X. Glutaredoxin 1 (GRX1) inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis of chondrocytes by regulating CREB/HO-1 in osteoarthritis. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:211-218. [PMID: 28843170 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
GRX1 (glutaredoxin1), a sulfhydryl disulfide oxidoreductase, is involved in many cellular processes, including anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, and regulation of cell differentiation. However, the role of GRX1 in the oxidative stress and apoptosis of osteoarthritis chondrocytes remains unclear, prompting the current study. Protein and mRNA expressions were measured by Western blot and RT-qPCR. Oxidative stress was detected by the measurement of MDA and SOD contents. Cells apoptosis were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI and caspase-3 activity assays. We found that the mRNA and protein expressions of GRX1 were significantly down-regulated in osteoarthritis tissues and cells. GRX1 overexpression increased the mRNA and protein expression of CREB and HO-1. Meanwhile, GRX1 overexpression inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Furthermore, we found that GRX1 overexpression regulated HO-1 by increasing CREB, and that HO-1 regulated oxidative stress and apoptosis in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Thus, GRX1 overexpression constrains oxidative stress and apoptosis in osteoarthritis chondrocytes by regulating CREB/HO-1, providing a novel insight into the molecular mechanism and potential treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xuelei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Yandong Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Fangguo Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yunjiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
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108
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Yun KL, Wang ZY. Target/signalling pathways of natural plant-derived radioprotective agents from treatment to potential candidates: A reverse thought on anti-tumour drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:1122-1151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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109
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Malvidin and cyanidin derivatives from açai fruit ( Euterpe oleracea Mart. ) counteract UV-A-induced oxidative stress in immortalized fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 172:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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110
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Kiasalari Z, Heydarifard R, Khalili M, Afshin-Majd S, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Zahedi E, Sanaierad A, Roghani M. Ellagic acid ameliorates learning and memory deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease: an exploration of underlying mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1841-1852. [PMID: 28303372 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with irreversible loss of intellectual abilities. Current therapies for AD are still insufficient. OBJECTIVE In this study, the effect of ellagic acid on learning and memory deficits was evaluated in intrahippocampal amyloid beta (Aβ25-35)-microinjected rats and its modes of action were also explored. METHODS AD rat model was induced by bilateral intrahippocampal microinjection of Aβ25-35 and ellagic acid was daily administered (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg), and learning, recognition memory, and spatial memory were evaluated in addition to histochemical assessment, oxidative stress, cholinesterases activity, and level of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). RESULTS The amyloid beta-microinjected rats showed a lower discrimination ratio in novel object and alternation score in Y maze tasks and exhibited an impairment of retention and recall capability in passive avoidance paradigm and higher working and reference memory errors in radial arm maze (RAM). In addition, amyloid beta group showed a lower number of Nissl-stained neurons in CA1 area in addition to enhanced oxidative stress, higher activity of cholinesterases, greater level of NF-κB and TLR4, and lower level of nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio for Nrf2 and ellagic acid at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly prevented most of these abnormal alterations. CONCLUSIONS Ellagic acid pretreatment of intrahippocampal amyloid beta-microinjected rats could dose-dependently improve learning and memory deficits via neuronal protection and at molecular level through mitigation of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and modulation of NF-κB/Nrf2/TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kiasalari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Khalili
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Elham Zahedi
- School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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111
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Kim JY, Lee H, Lee EJ, Kim M, Kim TG, Kim HP, Oh SH. Keap1 knockdown in melanocytes induces cell proliferation and survival via HO-1-associated β-catenin signaling. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 88:85-95. [PMID: 28583303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway protects cells against photo-oxidative stress. Yet in recent works, its role in melanogenesis together with cell protection functions against oxidative stress has been gaining interest. However, its effect on melanogenesis still has contradictory results from different studies. OBJECTIVE The aims of our study were to investigate the effect of Keap1 silencing in melanocyte on melanogenesis and its associated mechanism. METHODS Primary human epidermal melanocytes and melan-a cell line were used for this experiment. RNA sequencing was done to identify genes involved in melanocyte biology using Keap1 knockdown through siRNA techniques. And melanogenesis and the expression of melanogenesis-associated molecules were evaluated in Keap1 silenced melanocyte to examine the effects of Keap1 on melanogenesis, melanocyte growth, and related pathways. RESULTS RNA-sequencing data revealed that Keap1 knockdown in primary human epidermal melanocytes (PHEMs) induced cell survival-related gene expression. Additionally, siRNA-mediated inhibition of Keap1 led to upregulation of MITF and melanogenesis-associated molecules along with Nrf2 activation in PHEMs. HO-1, a major gene that is upregulated in RNA-sequencing using Keap1-silenced PHEMs, protected melanocytes against H2O2-induced cell death and upregulated MITF and β-catenin expression. Further, increased expression of melanogenesis-associated molecules after Keap1 silencing was validated to occur through HO-1-associated β-catenin activation in a Keap1 and HO-1 double knockdown experiment. CONCLUSION This work suggests that Keap1 silencing in melanocytes induced melanogenesis and the expression of melanogenesis-associated molecules through HO-1-associated β-catenin activation. Keap1 downregulation in melanocytes is important for cell proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hemin Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyoung Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Pyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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112
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Singh A, Yashavarddhan MH, Kalita B, Ranjan R, Bajaj S, Prakash H, Gupta ML. Podophyllotoxin and Rutin Modulates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Cell Death in Mice Bone Marrow and Spleen. Front Immunol 2017; 8:183. [PMID: 28289414 PMCID: PMC5326804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is aimed to investigate the radioprotective efficacy of G-003M (combination of podophyllotoxin and rutin) against gamma radiation-induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell death in mice bone marrow and spleen. Prophylactic administration of G-003M (−1 h) rendered more than 85% survival in mice exposed to 9 Gy (lethal dose) with dose reduction factor of 1.26. G-003M pretreated mice demonstrated significantly reduced level of reactive oxygen species, membrane lipid peroxidation, and retained glutathione level. In the same group, we obtained increased expression of master redox regulator, nuclear factor erythroid-derived like-2 factor (Nrf-2), and its downstream targets (heme oxygenase-1, Nqo-1, glutathione S-transferase, and thioredoxin reductase-1). In addition, G-003M preadministration has also shown a significant reduction in Keap-1 level (Nrf-2 inhibitor). Radiation-induced lethality was significantly amended in combination-treated (G-003M) mice as demonstrated by reduced 8-OHdG, annexin V FITC+ cells, and restored mitochondrial membrane potential. Expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was restored in G-003M pretreated group. However, proapoptotic proteins (Puma, Bax, Bak, Caspase-3, and Caspase-7) were significantly declined in this group. Further analysis of immune cells revealed G-003M-mediated restoration of CD3 and CD19 receptor, which was found decreased to significant level following irradiation. Similarly, Gr-1, a marker of granulocytes, was also retained by G-003M administration prior to radiation. Modulatory potential of this formulation (G-003M) can be exploited as a safe and effective countermeasure against radiation-induced lymphohemopoietic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Singh
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - M H Yashavarddhan
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - Rajiv Ranjan
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - Sania Bajaj
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Manju Lata Gupta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development and Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization , Delhi , India
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113
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Diet phytochemicals and cutaneous carcinoma chemoprevention: A review. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:327-346. [PMID: 28242334 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous carcinoma, which has occupied a peculiar place among worldwide populations, is commonly responsible for the considerably increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Currently available medical procedures fail to completely avoid cutaneous carcinoma development or to prevent mortality. Cancer chemoprevention, as an alternative strategy, is being considered to reduce the incidence and burden of cancers through chemical agents. Derived from dietary foods, phytochemicals have become safe and reliable compounds for the chemoprevention of cutaneous carcinoma by relieving multiple pathological processes, including oxidative damage, epigenetic alteration, chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, etc. In this review, we presented comprehensive knowledges, main molecular mechanisms for the initiation and development of cutaneous carcinoma as well as effects of various diet phytochemicals on chemoprevention.
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114
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Jin Q, Cai Y, Li S, Liu H, Zhou X, Lu C, Gao X, Qian J, Zhang J, Ju S, Li C. Edaravone-Encapsulated Agonistic Micelles Rescue Ischemic Brain Tissue by Tuning Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:884-898. [PMID: 28382161 PMCID: PMC5381251 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombolysis has been a standard treatment for ischemic stroke. However, only 2-7% patients benefit from it because the thrombolytic agent has to be injected within 4.5 h after the onset of symptoms to avoid the increasing risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. As the only clinically approved neuroprotective drug, edaravone (EDV) rescues ischemic brain tissues by eradicating over-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) without the limitation of therapeutic time-window. However, EDV's short circulation half-life and inadequate cerebral uptake attenuate its therapeutic efficacy. Here we developed an EDV-encapsulated agonistic micelle (EDV-AM) to specifically deliver EDV into brain ischemia by actively tuning blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. The EDV-AM actively up-regulated endothelial monolayer permeability in vitro. HPLC studies showed that EDV-AM delivered more EDV into brain ischemia than free EDV after intravenous injection. Magnetic resonance imaging also demonstrated that EDV-AM more rapidly salvaged ischemic tissue than free EDV. Diffusion tensor imaging indicated the highest efficiency of EDV-AM in accelerating axonal remodeling in the ipsilesional white matter and improving functional behaviors of ischemic stroke models. The agonistic micelle holds promise to improve the therapeutic efficiency of ischemic stroke patients who miss the thrombolytic treatment.
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115
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Mridusmita C, David W, David E, Sharon P, Heather S, Yasmina S. Bioactive rich extracts from Terminalia ferdinandiana by enzyme-assisted extraction: A simple food safe extraction method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2016.6285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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116
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Yang S, Zhou B, Xu W, Xue F, Nisar MF, Bian C, Huang X, Yang L, Zhang Y, Bartsch JW, Zhong JL. Nrf2- and Bach1 May Play a Role in the Modulation of Ultraviolet A-Induced Oxidative Stress by Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid in Skin Keratinocytes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 30:13-23. [PMID: 28142143 DOI: 10.1159/000452744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of human skin to solar ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation causes severe oxidative stress with damage to various cellular components and concomitant inflammation and carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) against UVA radiation on human skin keratinocytes. METHODS HaCaT cells were pretreated with AKBA followed by UVA irradiation. Radiation effects on cell morphology, cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and antioxidant enzymes were examined. RESULTS AKBA reduces UVA irradiation-induced cell viability loss, accompanied by a decreased production of UVA-induced ROS, decreased malondialdehyde, and increased superoxide dismutase expression. In addition, AKBA increased basal and UVA-induced levels of Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2), the redox-sensitive factor, and its target genes NQO1 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), whereas expression of the transcriptional repressor Bach1 (BTB and CNC homology 1) was reduced. Furthermore, the cytoprotective effects of AKBA against UVA-derived oxidative damage were accompanied by modulating expression of inflammatory mediators (i.e., cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor-κB) and NOX1. CONCLUSIONS AKBA protects skin cells from UVA-induced damage by modulating inflammatory mediators and/or ROS production. Therefore, AKBA has potential in the development of skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Yang
- The Base of "111 Project" for Biomechanics and Tissue Repair Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
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117
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Kim KM, Im AR, Lee S, Chae S. Dual Protective Effects of Flavonoids from Petasites japonicus against UVB-Induced Apoptosis Mediated via HSF-1 Activated Heat Shock Proteins and Nrf2-Activated Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:765-773. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
- University of Science and Technology
| | - A-Rang Im
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
- University of Science and Technology
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118
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Sun Z, Park SY, Hwang E, Park B, Seo SA, Cho JG, Zhang M, Yi TH. Dietary Foeniculum vulgare Mill extract attenuated UVB irradiation-induced skin photoaging by activating of Nrf2 and inhibiting MAPK pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1273-1284. [PMID: 27765346 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foeniculum vulgare Mill (FV) has long been prescribed in traditional medicine due to its antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties. However, little research has been done on the use of FV to alleviate changes in UVB-induced photoaging PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the photoprotective effects and mechanism of FV in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The anti-photoaging effect of FV was assessed in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) in vitro. The secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), GSH, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), procollagen type I, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by kits. Additionally, the level of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), p-ERK and p38 were evaluated by western blotting. In vivo, H&E and Masson's trichrome staining were employed. The expression of MMP-1, procollagen type I, TGF-β1 and elastin were measured by western blot. RESULTS FV significantly increased the production of collagen, elastin and TGF-β1 levels, while blocked matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production in UVB irradiation induced hairless mice, which were consistent with the result in NHDFs. Furthermore, FV dose-dependently decreased the production of ROS and LDH by promoting the nuclear amount of Nrf2 and enhancing the expression of cytoprotective antioxidants such as GSH. FV also significantly quenched UVB-induced phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in NHDFs. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that FV is a potential botanical agent for the treatment of skin damage induced by UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwang Sun
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunson Hwang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul A Seo
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Gyeong Cho
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mengyang Zhang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea..
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Petruk G, Raiola A, Del Giudice R, Barone A, Frusciante L, Rigano MM, Monti DM. An ascorbic acid-enriched tomato genotype to fight UVA-induced oxidative stress in normal human keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 163:284-9. [PMID: 27599115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UVA radiations contribute up to 95% of the total UV exposure and are known to induce cell damage, leading to apoptosis. Since the benefic effects of ascorbic acid on human health are well known, a new tomato genotype (named DHO4), highly rich in ascorbic acid, has been recently obtained. Here, we compared the effects of ascorbic acid and hydrophilic DHO4 extracts in protecting human keratinocytes exposed to UVA stress. Keratinocytes were pre-incubated with ascorbic acid or with extracts from the ascorbic acid enriched tomato genotype and irradiated with UVA light. Then, ROS production, intracellular GSH and lipid peroxidation levels were quantified. Western blots were carried out to evaluate mitogen-activated protein kinases cascade, activation of caspase-3 and inflammation levels. We demonstrated that ROS, GSH and lipid peroxidation levels were not altered in cell exposed to UVA stress when cells were pre-treated with ascorbic acid or with tomato extracts. In addition, no evidence of apoptosis and inflammation were observed in irradiated pre-treated cells. Altogether, we demonstrated the ability of an ascorbic acid enriched tomato genotype to counteract UVA-oxidative stress on human keratinocytes. This protective effect is due to the high concentration of vitamin C that acts as free radical scavenger. This novel tomato genotype may be used as genetic material in breeding schemes to produce improved varieties with higher antioxidant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Petruk
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Raiola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Rita Del Giudice
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Barone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Luigi Frusciante
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy.
| | - Daria Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Polyphenols are a widely used class of compounds in dermatology. While phenol itself, the most basic member of the phenol family, is chemically synthesized, most polyphenolic compounds are found in plants and form part of their defense mechanism against decomposition. Polyphenolic compounds, which include phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans, play an integral role in preventing the attack on plants by bacteria and fungi, as well as serving as cross-links in plant polymers. There is also mounting evidence that polyphenolic compounds play an important role in human health as well. One of the most important benefits, which puts them in the spotlight of current studies, is their antitumor profile. Some of these polyphenolic compounds have already presented promising results in either in vitro or in vivo studies for non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma. These compounds act on several biomolecular pathways including cell division cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Indeed, such natural compounds may be of potential for both preventive and therapeutic fields of cancer. This review evaluates the existing scientific literature in order to provide support for new research opportunities using polyphenolic compounds in oncodermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Costa
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael Yi Bonner
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Ellagic and ferulic acids alleviate gamma radiation and aluminium chloride-induced oxidative damage. Life Sci 2016; 160:2-11. [PMID: 27436544 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems through the generation of free radicals, which induce oxidative stress. Aluminium (Al) can negatively impact human health by direct interaction with antioxidant enzymes. Ellagic acid (EA) and Ferulic acid (FA) are plant polyphenolic compounds, have gained attention due to their multiple biological activities. To date, no studies investigating the antioxidant effect of EA/FA in a model involving both γ radiation and aluminium chloride (AlCl3) have been reported. Herein, we investigated the protective effect of EA and FA against oxidative stress induced by γ radiation and AlCl3 in rats. METHODS Rats were divided into thirteen groups: a negative control group, 3 positive control groups (γ-irradiated, AlCl3-treated and γ-irradiated+AlCl3-treated) and 9 groups (3 γ-irradiated, 3 AlCl3-treated and 3 γ-irradiated+AlCl3-treated) treated with EA and/or FA. Liver function and lipid profile were assessed. Levels of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and endogenous antioxidants as well as the concentrations of copper, iron and zinc were estimated in liver tissue homogenate. Furthermore, liver tissue sections were histologically examined. RESULTS Oral administration of EA and/or FA resulted in 1) amelioration of AlCl3 and/or γ-radiation-induced hepatic function impairment, dyslipidemia and hepatic histological alterations; 2) reduction in liver MDA and PCC levels; 3) elevation of liver CAT, GPx and SOD activity as well as GSH level; 4) elevation in liver Cu concentrations which was accompanied by a reduction in Fe and Zn concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of EA and/or FA may be useful for ameliorating γ radiation and/or AlCl3-induced oxidative damage.
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Sepand MR, Ghahremani MH, Razavi-Azarkhiavi K, Aghsami M, Rajabi J, Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Soodi M. Ellagic acid confers protection against gentamicin-induced oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis-related nephrotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1222-32. [PMID: 27364420 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of ellagic acid (EA) against gentamicin (GEN)-induced nephrotoxicity using biochemical, molecular and histopathological approaches. METHODS Rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups: control, GEN (100 mg/kg, i.p.), EA (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and GEN plus EA. The regimes were administered for 10 successive days. 24 h after last treatment, kidney and blood samples were collected. KEY FINDINGS Ellagic acid treatment significantly reduced plasma creatinine and urea levels, which were initially increased due to GEN administration. Also, EA significantly ameliorated oxidative stress markers including lipid peroxidation, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity as well as glutathione (GSH) content in kidney tissue. Activation of caspase-3 and increase in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax expression observed in GEN-treated group were significantly ameliorated by EA treatment. EA also protected GEN-induced mitochondrial damages as indicated by decreasing the mitochondrial ROS content, preventing of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, reducing mitochondrial swelling and decreasing cytochrome c release. In addition, histopathological findings revealed that EA ameliorates GEN-induced kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that EA treatment attenuates GEN-induced nephrotoxicity, which may be ascribed to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Razavi-Azarkhiavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aghsami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Rajabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Keshavarz-Bahaghighat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Soodi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Effects of Chinese Propolis in Protecting Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells against Mastitis Pathogens-Induced Cell Damage. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8028291. [PMID: 27433029 PMCID: PMC4940570 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8028291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese propolis (CP), an important hive product, can alleviate inflammatory responses. However, little is known regarding the potential of propolis treatment for mastitis control. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of CP on bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T), we used a range of pathogens to induce cellular inflammatory damage. Cell viability was determined and expressions of inflammatory/antioxidant genes were measured. Using a cell-based reporter assay system, we evaluated CP and its primary constituents on the NF-κB and Nrf2-ARE transcription activation. MAC-T cells treated with bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), heat-inactivated Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus exhibited significant decreases in cell viability while TNF-α and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) did not. Pretreatment with CP prevented losses in cell viability associated with the addition of killed bacteria or bacterial endotoxins. There were also corresponding decreases in expressions of proinflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA. Compared with the mastitis challenged cells, enhanced expressions of antioxidant genes HO-1, Txnrd-1, and GCLM were observed in CP-treated cells. CP and its polyphenolic active components (primarily caffeic acid phenethyl ester and quercetin) had strong inhibitive effects against NF-κB activation and increased the transcriptional activity of Nrf2-ARE. These findings suggest that propolis may be valuable in the control of bovine mastitis.
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Baek B, Lee SH, Kim K, Lim HW, Lim CJ. Ellagic acid plays a protective role against UV-B-induced oxidative stress by up-regulating antioxidant components in human dermal fibroblasts. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:269-77. [PMID: 27162481 PMCID: PMC4860369 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA), an antioxidant polyphenolic constituent of plant origin, has been reported to possess diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities. This work aimed to clarify the skin anti-photoaging properties of EA in human dermal fibroblasts. The skin anti-photoaging activity was evaluated by analyzing the reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels as well as cell viability in dermal fibroblasts under UV-B irradiation. When fibroblasts were exposed to EA prior to UV-B irradiation, EA suppressed UV-B-induced ROS and proMMP-2 elevation. However, EA restored total GSH and SOD activity levels diminished in fibroblasts under UV-B irradiation. EA had an up-regulating activity on the UV-B-reduced Nrf2 levels in fibroblasts. EA, at the concentrations used, was unable to interfere with cell viabilities in both non-irradiated and irradiated fibroblasts. In human dermal fibroblasts, EA plays a defensive role against UV-B-induced oxidative stress possibly through an Nrf2-dependent pathway, indicating that this compound has potential skin antiphotoaging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomyeol Baek
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Su Hee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | | | - Chang-Jin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Aging: The Role of DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Epidermal Stem Cell Damage Mediated Skin Aging. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7370642. [PMID: 27148370 PMCID: PMC4842382 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7370642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest human organ. Skin continually reconstructs itself to ensure its viability, integrity, and ability to provide protection for the body. Some areas of skin are continuously exposed to a variety of environmental stressors that can inflict direct and indirect damage to skin cell DNA. Skin homeostasis is maintained by mesenchymal stem cells in inner layer dermis and epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in the outer layer epidermis. Reduction of skin stem cell number and function has been linked to impaired skin homeostasis (e.g., skin premature aging and skin cancers). Skin stem cells, with self-renewal capability and multipotency, are frequently affected by environment. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a major cause of stem cell DNA damage, can contribute to depletion of stem cells (ESCs and mesenchymal stem cells) and damage of stem cell niche, eventually leading to photoinduced skin aging. In this review, we discuss the role of UV-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in the skin stem cell aging in order to gain insights into the pathogenesis and develop a way to reduce photoaging of skin cells.
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126
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Jeong CH, Joo SH. Downregulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Apoptosis. J Cancer Prev 2016; 21:13-20. [PMID: 27051644 PMCID: PMC4819661 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2016.21.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by diverse anti-cancer drugs or phytochemicals has been closely related with the induction of apoptosis in cancers. Also, the downregulation of ROS by these chemicals has been found to block initiation of carcinogenesis. Therefore, modulation of ROS by phytochemicals emerges as a crucial mechanism to regulate apoptosis in cancer prevention or therapy. This review summarizes the current understanding of the selected chemical compounds and related cellular components that modulate ROS during apoptotic process. Metformin, quercetin, curcumin, vitamin C, and other compounds have been shown to downregulate ROS in the cellular apoptotic process, and some of them even induce apoptosis in cancer cells. The cellular components mediating the downregulation of ROS include nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 antioxidant signaling pathway, thioredoxin, catalase, glutathione, heme oxygenase-1, and uncoupling proteins. The present review provides information on the relationship between these compounds and the cellular components in modulating ROS in apoptotic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- Department of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Korea
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127
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Khalil MF, Valenzuela C, Sisniega D, Skouta R, Narayan M. ER Protein Processing Under Oxidative Stress: Implications and Prevention. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:213-20. [PMID: 26983927 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of mitochondrial nitrosative stress have been associated with the pathogenesis of both Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The mechanism involves catalytic poisoning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident oxidoreductase chaperone, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and the subsequent accumulation of ER-processed substrate proteins. Using a model system to mimic mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative stress, we demonstrate a PDI-independent mechanism whereby reactive oxygen species (ROS) compromise regeneration rates of disulfide bond-containing ER-processed proteins. Under ROS-duress, the secretion-destined traffic adopts disulfide-exposed structures making the protein flux retrotranslocation biased. We also demonstrate that ROS-compromised protein maturation rates can be rescued by the polyphenol ellagic acid (EA). Our results are significant in that they reveal an additional mechanism which could promote neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, our data reveal that EA possesses therapeutic potential as a lead prophylactic agent against oxidative/nitrosative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., Chemistry and Computer Science Building 2.0202, 121 A Spiel Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Carlos Valenzuela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., Chemistry and Computer Science Building 2.0202, 121 A Spiel Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Daniella Sisniega
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rachid Skouta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., Chemistry and Computer Science Building 2.0202, 121 A Spiel Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., Chemistry and Computer Science Building 2.0202, 121 A Spiel Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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Kang I, Espín JC, Carr TP, Tomás-Barberán FA, Chung S. Raspberry seed flour attenuates high-sucrose diet-mediated hepatic stress and adipose tissue inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 32:64-72. [PMID: 27142738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic intake of high sucrose (HS) diet exacerbates high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and its associated metabolic complications. Previously, we have demonstrated that ellagic acid (EA), an abundant polyphenol found in some fruits and nuts, exerts distinct lipid-lowering characteristics in hepatocytes and adipocytes. In this study, we hypothesized that EA supplementation inhibits HS diet-mediated hepatic toxicity and its accompanied metabolic dysregulation. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to three isocaloric HF diets (41% calories from fat) containing either no-sucrose (HF), high-sucrose (HFHS), or high-sucrose plus EA (HFHS-R) from raspberry seed flour (RSF, equivalent to 0.03% of EA), and fed for 12weeks. The inclusion of EA from RSF significantly improved HFHS diet-mediated dyslipidemia and restored glucose homeostasis levels similar to the HF diet-fed mice. Despite marginal difference in hepatic triglyceride content, the addition of EA substantially reversed the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative damage triggered by HFHS diet in the liver. These effects of EA were further confirmed in human hepatoma cells by reducing ER stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, HFHS-R diet significantly decreased visceral adipocyte hypertrophy and adipose tissue inflammation evidenced by reduced proinflammatory gene expression and macrophage infiltration. In summary, EA supplementation from RSF was effective in reducing HFHS diet-mediated metabolic complication by attenuating hepatic ER and oxidative stresses as well as adipocyte inflammation. Our results suggest that the inclusion of EA in diets may normalize metabolic insults triggered by HS consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhae Kang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Timothy P Carr
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Jeong YM, Ha JH, Park SN. Cytoprotective effects against UVA and physical properties of luteolin-loaded cationic solid lipid nanoparticle. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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130
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Chung MJ, Lee S, Park YI, Lee J, Kwon KH. Neuroprotective effects of phytosterols and flavonoids from Cirsium setidens and Aster scaber in human brain neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Life Sci 2016; 148:173-82. [PMID: 26874034 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the neuroprotective effects and action mechanism of three major compounds [daucosterol (Dau), pectolinarin (Pec), and astragalin (Ast)] isolated from edible plants against H2O2-induced cell death of human brain neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. MAIN METHODS Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Apoptotic cell death was monitored by annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and by TUNEL assay. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of antioxidant enzymes and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were determined by 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay, RT-PCR, and western blotting, respectively. KEY FINDINGS The ethyl acetate fractions from Cirsium setidens (CSEA) and Aster scaber (ASEA) showed neuroprotective effects in SK-N-SH cells. The phytochemicals were isolated from CSEA and ASEA and identified by spectral analyses, as β-sitosterol, Dau, Pec, Ast, or isoquercitrin. Pretreatment with Dau, Pec, or Ast showed protective effects against H2O2-induced cell death and inhibited ROS generation by oxidative stress. HO-1 mRNA and protein levels were increased by the presence of H2O2 and were further elevated by pretreatment with Dau and Ast. Dau pretreatment resulted in further increases of H2O2-induced enhancement in levels of CAT and SOD2. Pretreatment with Dau, Pec, and Ast inhibited phosphorylation of MAPK, such as extracellular protein regulated protein kinase, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase by H2O2. SIGNIFICANCE Dau exerts its neuroprotective effects by down regulation of MAPK pathways and upregulation of the HO-1, CAT and SOD2 antioxidant genes and is associated with reduced oxidative stress in SK-N-SH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ja Chung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic Institute for Advanced Biomaterials, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic Institute for Advanced Biomaterials, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Han Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea.
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Emri E, Miko E, Bai P, Boros G, Nagy G, Rózsa D, Juhász T, Hegedűs C, Horkay I, Remenyik É, Emri G. Effects of non-toxic zinc exposure on human epidermal keratinocytes. Metallomics 2015; 7:499-507. [PMID: 25659595 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00287c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential microelement; its importance to the skin is highlighted by the severe skin symptoms in hereditary or acquired zinc deficiency, by the improvement of several skin conditions using systemic or topical zinc preparations and by the induced intracellular zinc release upon UVB exposure, which is the main harmful environmental factor to the skin. Understanding the molecular background of the role of zinc in skin may help gain insight into the pathology of skin disorders and provide evidence for the therapeutic usefulness of zinc supplementation. Herein, we studied the effects of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) exposure on the function of HaCaT keratinocytes, and the results showed that a non-toxic elevation in the concentration of extracellular zinc (100 μM) facilitated cell proliferation and induced significant alterations in the mRNA expression of NOTCH1, IL8, and cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, increased heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) expression and non-toxic generation of superoxide were detected in the first 4 h. Regarding the effects on the UVB-induced toxicity, although the level of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in the keratinocytes pre-treated with zinc for 24 h was reduced 3 h after UVB irradiation, significantly enhanced superoxide generation was observed 10 h after UVB exposure in the zinc pre-exposed cells. The overall survival was unaffected; however, there was a decrease in the percentage of early apoptotic cells and an increase in the percentage of late apoptotic plus necrotic cells. These results suggest that the exposure of human keratinocytes to non-toxic concentrations of ZnCl2 impacts gene expression, cell proliferation and the responses to environmental stress in the skin. It would be important to further examine the role of zinc in skin and further clarify whether this issue can affect our thinking regarding the pathogenesis of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Emri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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132
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Schäfer M, Werner S. Nrf2--A regulator of keratinocyte redox signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:243-252. [PMID: 25912479 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The skin is frequently exposed to environmental challenges, such as UV irradiation, toxic chemicals, and mechanical wounding. These insults cause an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress and concomitant inflammation, skin aging, and even cancer development. Therefore, an efficient antioxidant defense strategy is of major importance in this tissue. Since the Nrf2 transcription factor regulates a battery of genes involved in the defense against reactive oxygen species and in compound metabolism, it plays a key role in skin homeostasis, repair, and disease. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the expression and function of Nrf2 in normal skin and its role in the acute and chronic UV response as well as in the pathogenesis of epithelial skin cancer and of different inflammatory skin diseases. Finally, we discuss the potential of Nrf2-activating compounds for skin protection under stress conditions and for the treatment of major human skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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133
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Sintra TE, Luís A, Rocha SN, Lobo Ferreira AIMC, Gonçalves F, Santos LMNBF, Neves BM, Freire MG, Ventura SPM, Coutinho JAP. Enhancing the antioxidant characteristics of phenolic acids by their conversion into cholinium salts. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2015; 3:2558-2565. [PMID: 28255528 PMCID: PMC5330449 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to the close relation between oxidative stress and a plethora of inflammatory diseases, antioxidants have received an increased attention for incorporation into dermatological products. Their use and absorption is however limited by their low solubility in water-rich formulations. Herein, a set of novel cholinium-based salts, namely dicholinium ellagate and cholinium caffeate, syringate, vanillate, gallate and salicylate were synthetized and characterized. Their melting and decomposition temperatures, water solubility, and toxicological, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and pro-/anti-inflammatory activities were addressed. These new salts, exclusively composed of ions derived from natural sources, display a high thermal stability - up to 150 ºC. The synthesized compounds are significantly more soluble in water (in average, 3 orders of magnitude higher) than the corresponding phenolic acids. Furthermore, they present not only similar but even higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as comparable cytotoxicity and lower ecotoxicity profiles than their acidic precursors. Amongst all the investigated salts, dicholinium ellagate is the most promising synthesized salt when considering the respective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Since all the synthesized salts are based on the cholinium cation, they can further be envisaged as essential nutrients to be used in oral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia E. Sintra
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia Luís
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Samuel N. Rocha
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana I. M. C. Lobo Ferreira
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís M. N. B. F. Santos
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno M. Neves
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mara G. Freire
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P. M. Ventura
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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134
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Cebula M, Schmidt EE, Arnér ESJ. TrxR1 as a potent regulator of the Nrf2-Keap1 response system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:823-53. [PMID: 26058897 PMCID: PMC4589110 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE All cells must maintain a balance between oxidants and reductants, while allowing for fluctuations in redox states triggered by signaling, altered metabolic flow, or extracellular stimuli. Furthermore, they must be able to rapidly sense and react to various challenges that would disrupt the redox homeostasis. RECENT ADVANCES Many studies have identified Keap1 as a key sensor for oxidative or electrophilic stress, with modification of Keap1 by oxidation or electrophiles triggering Nrf2-mediated transcriptional induction of enzymes supporting reductive and detoxification pathways. However, additional mechanisms for Nrf2 regulation are likely to exist upstream of, or in parallel with, Keap1. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we propose that the mammalian selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is a potent regulator of Nrf2. A high chemical reactivity of TrxR1 and its vital role for the thioredoxin (Trx) system distinguishes TrxR1 as a prime target for electrophilic challenges. Chemical modification of the selenocysteine (Sec) in TrxR1 by electrophiles leads to rapid inhibition of thioredoxin disulfide reductase activity, often combined with induction of NADPH oxidase activity of the derivatized enzyme, thereby affecting many downstream redox pathways. The notion of TrxR1 as a regulator of Nrf2 is supported by many publications on effects in human cells of selenium deficiency, oxidative stress or electrophile exposure, as well as the phenotypes of genetic mouse models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Investigation of the role of TrxR1 as a regulator of Nrf2 activation will facilitate further studies of redox control in diverse cells and tissues of mammals, and possibly also in animals of other classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Cebula
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- 2 Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
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135
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Hseu YC, Lo HW, Korivi M, Tsai YC, Tang MJ, Yang HL. Dermato-protective properties of ergothioneine through induction of Nrf2/ARE-mediated antioxidant genes in UVA-irradiated Human keratinocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:102-17. [PMID: 26021820 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UVA irradiation-induced skin damage and redox imbalance have been shown to be ameliorated by ergothioneine (EGT), a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid. However, the responsible molecular mechanism with nanomolar concentrations of EGT remains unclear. We investigated the dermato protective efficacies of EGT (125-500nM) against UVA irradiation (15J/cm(2)), and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism in human keratinocyte-derived HaCaT cells. We found that EGT treatment prior to UVA exposure significantly increased the cell viability and prevented lactate dehydrogenase release into the medium. UVA-induced ROS and comet-like DNA formation were remarkably suppressed by EGT with a parallel inhibition of apoptosis, as evidenced by reduced DNA fragmentation (TUNEL), caspase-9/-3 activation, and Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation. Furthermore, EGT alleviated UVA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Dose-dependent increases of antioxidant genes, HO-1, NQO-1, and γ-GCLC and glutathione by EGT were associated with upregulated Nrf2 and downregulated Keap-1 expressions. This was confirmed by increased nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and inhibition of Nrf2 degradation. Notably, augmented luciferase activity of ARE may explain Nrf2/ARE-mediated signaling pathways behind EGT dermato-protective properties. We further demonstrated that Nrf2 translocation was mediated by PI3K/AKT, PKC, or ROS signaling cascades. This phenomenon was confirmed with suppressed nuclear Nrf2 activation, and consequently diminished antioxidant genes in cells treated with respective pharmacological inhibitors (LY294002, GF109203X, and N-acetylcysteine). Besides, increased basal ROS by EGT appears to be crucial for triggering the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways. Silencing of Nrf2 or OCTN1 (EGT carrier protein) signaling with siRNA showed no such protective effects of EGT against UVA-induced cell death, ROS, and apoptosis, which is evidence of the vitality of Nrf2 translocation and protective efficacy of EGT in keratinocytes. Our findings conclude that EGT at nanomolar concentrations effectively ameliorated UVA-induced skin damage, and may be considered as a desirable food supplement for skin protection and/or preparation of skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Wei Lo
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Cheng Tsai
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ju Tang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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136
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Calò R, Visone CM, Marabini L. Thymol and Thymus Vulgaris L. activity against UVA- and UVB-induced damage in NCTC 2544 cell line. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 791:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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137
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García-Niño WR, Zazueta C. Ellagic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in liver protection. Pharmacol Res 2015; 97:84-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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138
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Almeida I, Pinto A, Monteiro C, Monteiro H, Belo L, Fernandes J, Bento A, Duarte T, Garrido J, Bahia M, Sousa Lobo J, Costa P. Protective effect of C. sativa leaf extract against UV mediated-DNA damage in a human keratinocyte cell line. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 144:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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139
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Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. The role of transcription factor Nrf2 in skin cells metabolism. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:385-96. [PMID: 25708189 PMCID: PMC4469773 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin, which is a protective layer of the body, is in constant contact with physical and chemical environmental factors. Exposure of the skin to highly adverse conditions often leads to oxidative stress. Moreover, it has been observed that skin cells are also exposed to reactive oxygen species generated during cell metabolism particularly in relation to the synthesis of melanin or the metabolism in immune system cells. However, skin cells have special features that protect them against oxidative modifications including transcription factor Nrf2, which is responsible for the transcription of the antioxidant protein genes such as antioxidant enzymes, small molecular antioxidant proteins or interleukins, and multidrug response protein. In the present study, the mechanisms of Nrf2 activation have been compared in the cells forming the various layers of the skin: keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. The primary mechanism of control of Nrf2 activity is its binding by cytoplasmic inhibitor Keap1, while cells have also other controlling mechanisms, such as phosphorylation of Nrf2 and modifications of its activators (e.g., Maf, IKKβ) or inhibitors (e.g., Bach1, caveolae, TGF-β). Moreover, there are a number of drugs (e.g., ketoconazole) used in the pharmacotherapy of skin diseases based on the activation of Nrf2, but they may also induce oxidative stress. Therefore, it is important to look for compounds that cause a selective activation of Nrf2 particularly natural substances such as curcumin, sulforaphane, or extracts from the broccoli leaves without side effects. These findings could be helpful in the searching for new drugs for people with vitiligo or even melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Departments of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland,
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140
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Hseu YC, Tsai YC, Huang PJ, Ou TT, Korivi M, Hsu LS, Chang SH, Wu CR, Yang HL. The dermato-protective effects of lucidone from Lindera erythrocarpa through the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant genes in UVA-irradiated human skin keratinocytes. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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141
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SHIRAI AKIHIRO, ONITSUKA MASAYOSHI, MASEDA HIDEAKI, OMASA TAKESHI. Effect of Polyphenols on Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Cell Growth of Human Dermal Fibroblasts after Irradiation with Ultraviolet-A Light. Biocontrol Sci 2015; 20:27-33. [DOI: 10.4265/bio.20.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AKIHIRO SHIRAI
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima
| | - MASAYOSHI ONITSUKA
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima
| | - HIDEAKI MASEDA
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima
| | - TAKESHI OMASA
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima
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142
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Min W, Liu X, Qian Q, Lin B, Wu D, Wang M, Ahmad I, Yusuf N, Luo D. Effects of baicalin against UVA-induced photoaging in skin fibroblasts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:709-27. [PMID: 24871661 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation contributes to skin photoaging. Baicalin, a plant-derived flavonoid, effectively absorbs UV rays and has been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may delay the photoaging process. In the current study, cultured human skin fibroblasts were incubated with 50 μg/ml baicalin 24 hours prior to 10 J/cm(2) UVA irradiation. In order to examine the efficacy of baicalin treatment in delaying UVA-induced photoaging, we investigated aging-related markers, cell cycle changes, anti-oxidant activity, telomere length, and DNA damage markers. UVA radiation caused an increased proportion of β-Gal positive cells and reduced telomere length in human skin fibroblasts. In addition, UVA radiation inhibited TGF-β1 secretion, induced G1 phase arrest, reduced SOD and GSH-Px levels, increased MDA levels, enhanced the expression of MMP-1, TIMP-1, p66, p53, and p16 mRNA, reduced c-myc mRNA expression, elevated p53 and p16 protein expression, and reduced c-myc protein expression. Baicalin treatment effectively protected human fibroblasts from these UVA radiation-induced aging responses, suggesting that the underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of oxidative damage and regulation of the expression of senescence-related genes, including those encoding for p53, p66(Shc) and p16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Min
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China , Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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143
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Wang J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Luo M, Wu Q, Yu L, Chu H. Transcriptional upregulation centra of HO-1 by EGB via the MAPKs/Nrf2 pathway in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 29:380-8. [PMID: 25449124 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long-term abuse of alcohol results in chronic alcoholic myopathy which is associated with increased oxidative stress. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB) is widely used as a therapeutic agent to treat certain cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Although EGB is known to possess antioxidant functions and potent cytoprotective effects, its protective mechanism on alcohol-induced oxidative damage in C2C12 myoblasts remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective mechanisms of EGB against alcohol-derived oxidative stress in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Challenge with alcohol (100mM) caused an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species in mouse C2C12 myoblasts, which was not alleviated by treatment with EGB. These results indicate that EGB does not seem to act as an ROS scavenger in this experimental model. Additionally, EGB produced activation of ERK and JNK [two major mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)], an increase in the nuclear level of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, a stress-responsive protein with antioxidant function). Pretreatment with inhibitors of MAPKs PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of ERK), SP600125 (a specific inhibitor of JNK) abolished both EGB-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 up-regulation. We conclude that EGB confers cytoprotective effects from oxidative stress induced by alcohol in mouse C2C12 myoblasts depend on transcriptional upregulation of HO-1 by EGB via the MAPKs/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Dalian Central Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Dalian Central Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Dalian Central Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meiling Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Dalian Central Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Dalian Central Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lijun Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Colleges of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haiying Chu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Colleges of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
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144
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Yang HL, Lin SW, Lee CC, Lin KY, Liao CH, Yang TY, Wang HM, Huang HC, Wu CR, Hseu YC. Induction of Nrf2-mediated genes by Antrodia salmonea inhibits ROS generation and inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Funct 2014; 6:230-41. [PMID: 25380370 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia salmonea (AS), a well-known medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant genes in RAW264.7 macrophages by the fermented culture broth of AS, studied the resulting protection against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation, and revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying these protective effects. We found that non-cytotoxic concentrations of AS (25-100 μg mL⁻¹) protected macrophages from LPS-induced cell death and ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant potential of AS was directly correlated with the increased expression of the antioxidant genes HO-1, NQO-1, and γ-GCLC, as well as the level of intracellular GSH followed by an increase in the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown diminished the protective effects of AS, as evidenced by the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including PGE₂, NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β, in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Notably, AS treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression in macrophages. Our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory potential of Antrodia salmonea is mediated by the activation of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense mechanisms. Results support the traditional usage of this beneficial mushroom for the treatment of free radical-related diseases and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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145
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Lembo S, Balato A, Di Caprio R, Cirillo T, Giannini V, Gasparri F, Monfrecola G. The modulatory effect of ellagic acid and rosmarinic acid on ultraviolet-B-induced cytokine/chemokine gene expression in skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:346793. [PMID: 25162011 PMCID: PMC4137628 DOI: 10.1155/2014/346793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UV) induces an increase in multiple cutaneous inflammatory mediators. Ellagic acid (EA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are natural anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory compounds found in many plants, fruits, and nuts. We assessed the ability of EA and RA to modulate IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1, and TNF-α gene expression in HaCaT cells after UVB irradiation. Cells were treated with UVB (100 mJ/cm(2)) and simultaneously with EA (5 μM in 0.1% DMSO) or RA (2.7 μM in 0.5% DMSO). Moreover, these substances were added to the UVB-irradiated cells 1 h or 6 h before harvesting, depending on the established UVB-induced cytokine expression peak. Cytokine gene expression was examined using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. RA produced a significant reduction in UVB-induced expression of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α when applied at the same time as irradiation. EA showed milder effects compared with RA, except for TNF-α. Both substances decreased IL-6 expression, also when applied 5 h after irradiation, and always produced a significant increase in UVB-induced IL-10 expression. Our findings suggest that EA and RA are able to prevent and/or limit the UVB-induced inflammatory cascade, through a reduction in proinflammatory mediators and the enhancement of IL-10, with its protective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lembo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Balato
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Caprio
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Cirillo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Giannini
- Rottapharm Madaus Dermo-Cosmetic R&D Division, Via Valosa di Sopra 9, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - Franco Gasparri
- Rottapharm Madaus Dermo-Cosmetic R&D Division, Via Valosa di Sopra 9, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Monfrecola
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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146
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Targeting Nrf2-Keap1 signaling for chemoprevention of skin carcinogenesis with bioactive phytochemicals. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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147
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Ding Y, Zhang B, Zhou K, Chen M, Wang M, Jia Y, Song Y, Li Y, Wen A. Dietary ellagic acid improves oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis: Role of Nrf2 activation. Int J Cardiol 2014; 175:508-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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148
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Liu YS, Li HS, Qi DF, Zhang J, Jiang XC, Shi K, Zhang XJ, Zhang XH. Zinc protoporphyrin IX enhances chemotherapeutic response of hepatoma cells to cisplatin. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8572-8582. [PMID: 25024611 PMCID: PMC4093706 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i26.8572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of zinc protoporphyrin IX on the response of hepatoma cells to cisplatin and the possible mechanism involved.
METHODS: Cytotoxicity was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptosis was determined by a flow cytometric assay. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 activity was measured by determining the level of bilirubin generated in isolated microsomes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was monitored by flow cytometry. Caspase-3 activity was measured with a colorimetric assay kit. Mice were inoculated with 1 × 107 tumor cells subcutaneously into the right flanks. All mice were sacrificed 6 wk after the first treatment and tumors were weighed and measured.
RESULTS: Overexpression of HO-1 in HepG2 cell line was associated with increased chemoresistance to cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin; CDDP) compared to other cell lines in vitro. Inhibition of HO-1 expression or activity by zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX) markedly augmented CDDP-mediated cytotoxicity towards all liver cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, induction of HO-1 with hemin increased resistance of tumor cells to CDDP-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, cells treated with ZnPP IX plus CDDP exhibited marked production of intracellular ROS and caspase-3 activity, which paralleled the incidence of cell apoptosis, whereas hemin decreased cellular ROS and caspase-3 activity induced by CDDP.
CONCLUSION: ZnPP IX increases cellular sensitivity and susceptibility of liver cancer cell lines to CDDP and this may represent a mechanism of increasing ROS.
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El-Garhy AM, Abd El-Raouf OM, El-Sayeh BM, Fawzy HM, Abdallah DM. Ellagic Acid Antiinflammatory and Antiapoptotic Potential Mediate Renoprotection in Cisplatin Nephrotoxic Rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.21587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amany M. El-Garhy
- Department of Pharmacology; National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Giza Egypt
| | - Ola M. Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Pharmacology; National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Giza Egypt
| | - Bahia M. El-Sayeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Hala M. Fawzy
- Department of Pharmacology; National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Giza Egypt
| | - Dalaal M. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
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150
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El-Garhy AM, Abd El-Raouf OM, El-Sayeh BM, Fawzy HM, Abdallah DM. Ellagic Acid Antiinflammatory and Antiapoptotic Potential Mediate Renoprotection in Cisplatin Nephrotoxic Rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:472-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amany M. El-Garhy
- Department of Pharmacology; National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Giza Egypt
| | - Ola M. Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Pharmacology; National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Giza Egypt
| | - Bahia M. El-Sayeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Hala M. Fawzy
- Department of Pharmacology; National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Giza Egypt
| | - Dalaal M. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
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