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Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in determining tumour fate. Within that environment, and indeed throughout epithelial tissues, cells experience competition with their neighbours, with those less fit being eliminated by fitter adjacent cells. Herein we discuss evidence suggesting that mutations in cancer cells may be selected for their ability to exploit cell competition to kill neighbouring host cells, thereby facilitating tumour expansion. In some instances, cell competition may help host tissues to defend against cancer, by removing neoplastic and aneuploid cells. Cancer risk factors, such as high-sugar or high-fat diet and inflammation, impact cell competition-based host defences, suggesting that their effect on tumour risk may in part be accounted for by their influence on cell competition. We propose that interventions aimed at modifying the strength and direction of cell competition could induce cancer cell killing and form the basis for novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhavi Vishwakarma
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eugenia Piddini
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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102
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The Protective Effect of the Polysaccharide Precursor, D-Isofloridoside, from Laurencia undulata on Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051024. [PMID: 32106572 PMCID: PMC7179215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) threatens human health, so it is imperative that we find ways to prevent or treat it. In recent years, the study of polysaccharides has shown that they have different kinds of bioactivities. Among them are many biological effects that have been attributed to polysaccharide precursors. D-Isofloridoside (DIF) is one of the polysaccharide precursors from the marine red alga Laurencia undulata. This study evaluated the effect of DIF on alcohol-induced oxidative stress in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). As a result, DIF attenuated alcohol-induced cytotoxicity, reduced the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and effectively reduced alcohol-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. In addition, a western blot showed that, after DIF treatment, the expression levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) increased, while the expression levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), BCL2-associated X (bax), cleaved caspase-3, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase) signal transduction proteins reduced. This showed that DIF may protect cells by reducing the amount of intracellular ROS and inhibiting intracellular oxidative stress and apoptotic processes. Finally, molecular docking demonstrated that DIF can bind to SOD, GGT, B-cell lymphoma-2, and bax proteins. These results indicated that DIF can protect HepG2 cells from alcohol-induced oxidative stress damage, making it an effective potential ingredient in functional foods.
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103
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Xia P, Zhang F, Yuan Y, Chen C, Huang Y, Li L, Wang E, Guo Q, Ye Z. ALDH 2 conferred neuroprotection on cerebral ischemic injury by alleviating mitochondria-related apoptosis through JNK/caspase-3 signing pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1303-1323. [PMID: 32210721 PMCID: PMC7085232 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Past studies have indicated that the dysregulation of Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is related to the pathogenesis of acute stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms of ALDH2-mediated acute stroke are still not well understood. Thus, our study was designed to explore the influence of ALDH2 in acute stroke and determine whether its related mechanisms are involved in regulating mitochondria-associated apoptosis modulating JNK/caspase-3 pathway. In vitro analysis on the gain and loss of ALDH2 and JNK function were performed to explore its influence on OGD/R injury and relevant signaling pathways. Our findings suggested that ALDH2 expression was significantly down-regulated in rats suffering from acute stroke and also in primary cortical cultured neurons and PC12 cells upon OGD/R stimulation. ALDH2 overexpression markedly decreased infarct size and improved neurological outcomes. Furthermore, ALDH2 overexpression significantly suppressed stroke-induced mitochondria-associated apoptosis and inhibited p-JNK activation and p-JNK/caspase-3 complex formation. Similarly, in in vitro OGD/R models, ALDH2 reintroduction not only promoted cellular viability and moderated LDH release, but also inhibited mitochondria-related apoptosis. Moreover, JNK inhibition relieved OGD/R-induced cellular injury and apoptosis while JNK activation aggravated them. Furthermore, ALDH2 overexpression and JNK inhibition significantly reduced caspase-3 activation and transcription which was triggered by OGD/R damage. Caspase-3 activation and transcription also re-elevated during activation of JNK in ALDH2-reintroduced cells. Finally, ChIP assay revealed that p-JNK was bound to caspase-3 promoter. Collectively, ALDH2 overexpression led to a significant reduction in mitochondria-related apoptosis via JNK-mediated caspase-3 activation and transcription in both in vitro and in vivo cerebral ischemia models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yajing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China
| | - Longyan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China
| | - E Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
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104
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Chen H, Yao X, Di X, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Liu S, Chen T, Yu D, Sun X. MiR-450a-5p inhibits autophagy and enhances radiosensitivity by targeting dual-specificity phosphatase 10 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 483:114-126. [PMID: 32014456 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radioresistance reduces the success of therapy for patients with ESCC. Enhancing our understanding of the cardinal principles of radioresistance may improve the response of patients to irradiation. MicroRNAs perform a key role in posttranscriptional regulation, which is linked with the response of tumors to irradiation. Here, we successfully constructed a radioresistant cell line model, ECA109R, from parental esophageal cancer cell line ECA109. We used RNA-Seq analysis and qRT-PCR to compare the miRNA expression profiles of the ECA109 and ECA109R cell lines. The results revealed that miR-450a-5p was downregulated in the radioresistant cells. Functional analysis indicated that miR-450a-5p increases cellular radiosensitivity and suppresses autophagy in ESCC cells. We utilized a luciferase reporter assay to identify the target gene, DUSP10, as an indispensable regulator of the p38 and SAPK/JNK signaling pathways. Upregulation or downregulation of DUSP10 expression could reverse the effects of miR-450a-5p overexpression or inhibition. Tumor xenograft experiments verified that miR-450a-5p overexpression could increase sensitivity to radiation therapy in vivo. In general, our findings indicate that miR-450a-5p is a latent radiosensitizer and may represent a potential novel therapeutic target for radioresistance in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xijuan Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xiaoke Di
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Oncology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Dingyue Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Dongfang Hospital of LianYungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222000, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu province, China.
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105
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Wang K, Gong Q, Zhan Y, Chen B, Yin T, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Ke J, Du B, Liu X, Xiao J. Blockage of Autophagic Flux and Induction of Mitochondria Fragmentation by Paroxetine Hydrochloride in Lung Cancer Cells Promotes Apoptosis via the ROS-MAPK Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:397. [PMID: 32039209 PMCID: PMC6987457 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by malignant proliferation and aberrant metabolism and are thereby liable to the depletion of nutrients and accumulation of metabolic waste. To maintain cellular homeostasis, cancer cells are prone to upregulating the canonical autophagy pathway. Here, we identified paroxetine hydrochloride (Paxil) as a late autophagy inhibitor and investigated its killing effect on lung cancer cells and with a xenograft mouse model in vivo. Upregulated LC3-II and p62 expression indicated that Paxil inhibited autophagy. Acid-sensitive dyes (e.g., LysoTracker and AO staining) indicated reduced lysosomal acidity following Paxil treatment; consequently, the maturation of the pH-dependent hydroxylases (e.g., cathepsin B and D) substantially declined. Paxil also induced the fragmentation of mitochondria and further intensified ROS overproduction. Since the autophagy pathway was blocked, ROS rapidly accumulated, which activated JNK and p38 kinase. Such activity promoted the localization of Bax, which led to increased mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. The release of Cytochrome c with the loss of the membrane potential triggered a caspase cascade, ultimately leading to apoptosis. In contrast, the clearance of ROS by its scavenger, NAC, rescued Paxil-induced apoptosis accompanied by reduced p38 and JNK activation. Thus, Paxil blocked the autophagic flux and induced the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis via the ROS-MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Zhan
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Lu
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzi Ke
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biaoyan Du
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jianyong Xiao
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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106
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He Y, Cao L, Wang L, Liu L, Huang Y, Gong X. Metformin Inhibits Proliferation of Human Thyroid Cancer TPC-1 Cells by Decreasing LRP2 to Suppress the JNK Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:45-50. [PMID: 32021253 PMCID: PMC6954091 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s227915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To uncover the potential effect of metformin on proliferation and apoptosis of thyroid cancer TPC-1 cell line, and the underlying mechanism. Methods Viability, apoptosis and LRP2 level in TPC-1 cells treated with different doses of metformin for different time points were determined. Besides, protein levels of p-JNK1 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) in metformin-treated TPC-1 cells were detected by Western blot. Regulatory effects of LRP2 on the JNK pathway and cell viability in metformin-treated TPC-1 cells were assessed. Results Viability in TPC-1 cells gradually decreased with the treatment of increased doses of metformin either for 24 h or 48 h. The apoptotic rate was concentration-dependently elevated by metformin treatment. Relative levels of LRP2 and p-JNK1 were concentration-dependently downregulated by metformin treatment. In addition, overexpression of LRP2 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of metformin on the viability of TPC-1 cells. Conclusion Metformin treatment suppresses the proliferative ability and induces apoptosis of TPC-1 cells by downregulating LRP2 to block the JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang No 1 People's Hospital (Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University), Jiujiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
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107
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Nagase H, Katagiri Y, Oh-hashi K, Geller HM, Hirata Y. Reduced Sulfation Enhanced Oxytosis and Ferroptosis in Mouse Hippocampal HT22 Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010092. [PMID: 31935947 PMCID: PMC7022473 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfation is a common modification of extracellular glycans, tyrosine residues on proteins, and steroid hormones, and is important in a wide variety of signaling pathways. We investigated the role of sulfation on endogenous oxidative stress, such as glutamate-induced oxytosis and erastin-induced ferroptosis, using mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Sodium chlorate competitively inhibits the formation of 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate, the high energy sulfate donor in cellular sulfation reactions. The treatment of HT22 cells with sodium chlorate decreased sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Sodium chlorate and β-d-xyloside, which prevents proteoglycan glycosaminoglycan chain attachment, exacerbated both glutamate- and erastin-induced cell death, suggesting that extracellular matrix influenced oxytosis and ferroptosis. Moreover, sodium chlorate enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species and influx of extracellular Ca2+ in the process of oxytosis and ferroptosis. Interestingly, sodium chlorate did not affect antioxidant glutathione levels. Western blot analysis revealed that sodium chlorate enhanced erastin-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, which is preferentially activated by cell stress-inducing signals. Collectively, our findings indicate that sulfation is an important modification for neuroprotection against oxytosis and ferroptosis in neuronal hippocampal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Nagase
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (H.N.); (K.O.-h.)
| | - Yasuhiro Katagiri
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.K.); (H.M.G.)
| | - Kentaro Oh-hashi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (H.N.); (K.O.-h.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Herbert M. Geller
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.K.); (H.M.G.)
| | - Yoko Hirata
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (H.N.); (K.O.-h.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-293-2609
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108
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Sadaf S, Awasthi D, Singh AK, Nagarkoti S, Kumar S, Barthwal MK, Dikshit M. Pyroptotic and apoptotic cell death in iNOS and nNOS overexpressing K562 cells: A mechanistic insight. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 176:113779. [PMID: 31881190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from this lab and others have demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) in a concentration dependent manner, modulated neutrophil and leukemic cell survival. Subsequent studies delineated importance of iNOS in neutrophil differentiation and leukemic cell death. On the contrary, role of nNOS in survival of these cells remains least understood. Present study was therefore undertaken to assess and compare the role of iNOS and nNOS in the survival of NOS overexpressing myelocytic K562 cells. Cells with almost similar iNOS and nNOS activities displayed comparable cell cycle perturbation, Annexin V positivity, mitochondrial dysfunction, augmented DCF fluorescence, and also attenuated expression of antioxidants. Moreover, induction in cell death was also accompanied by the activation of pJNK/p38MAPK/Erk1/2 and reduction in PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Treatment of NOS isoform overexpressing K562 cells with NAC, a potent free radical scavenger prevented cell death and also the modulations in the signaling proteins. In addition, enhanced expression of CASP1 and CASP4 genes, along with increased Caspase-1 cleavage and increased IL-1β release were significantly more in K562iNOS cells, which indicate priming of these cells for pyroptotic cell death. On the other hand, K562nNOS cells, displayed much enhanced CASP3 gene expression, Caspase-3 cleavage and Caspase-3 activity. Results obtained indicate that similar level of iNOS or nNOS activation in K562 cells, preferred pyroptotic and apoptotic cell death respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Sadaf
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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109
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Kaur H, Sharma SK, Mandal S, Mandal L. Lar maintains the homeostasis of the hematopoietic organ in Drosophila by regulating insulin signaling in the niche. Development 2019; 146:dev.178202. [PMID: 31784462 DOI: 10.1242/dev.178202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell compartments in metazoa get regulated by systemic factors as well as local stem cell niche-derived factors. However, the mechanisms by which systemic signals integrate with local factors in maintaining tissue homeostasis remain unclear. Employing the Drosophila lymph gland, which harbors differentiated blood cells, and stem-like progenitor cells and their niche, we demonstrate how a systemic signal interacts and harmonizes with local factor/s to achieve cell type-specific tissue homeostasis. Our genetic analyses uncovered a novel function of Lar, a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase. Niche-specific loss of Lar leads to upregulated insulin signaling, causing increased niche cell proliferation and ectopic progenitor differentiation. Insulin signaling assayed by PI3K activation is downregulated after the second instar larval stage, a time point that coincides with the appearance of Lar in the hematopoietic niche. We further demonstrate that Lar physically associates with InR and serves as a negative regulator for insulin signaling in the Drosophila larval hematopoietic niche. Whether Lar serves as a localized invariable negative regulator of systemic signals such as insulin in other stem cell niches remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sharma
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Lolitika Mandal
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
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110
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Niu J, Yan T, Guo W, Wang W, Zhao Z. Insight Into the Role of Autophagy in Osteosarcoma and Its Therapeutic Implication. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1232. [PMID: 31803616 PMCID: PMC6873391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone cancer that frequently metastasizes to the lungs. The cytotoxicity of most chemotherapeutics and targeted drugs in the treatment of osteosarcoma is partially lessened. Furthermore, there is a poor response to current chemo- and radiotherapy for both primary lesions and pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma. There is a clear need to explore promising drug candidates that could improve the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatment. Autophagy, a dynamic and highly conserved catabolic process, has dual roles in promoting cell survival as well as cell death. The role of autophagy has been investigated extensively in different tumor types, and a growing body of research has highlighted the potential value of using autophagy in clinical therapy. Here, we address significant aspects of autophagy in osteosarcoma, including its functions, modulation, and possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Niu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Taiqiang Yan
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
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111
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Zhang Y, Wu Q, Zhang L, Wang Q, Yang Z, Liu J, Feng L. Caffeic acid reduces A53T α-synuclein by activating JNK/Bcl-2-mediated autophagy in vitro and improves behaviour and protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104538. [PMID: 31707034 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The human A53T mutant of α-synuclein tends to aggregate and leads to neurotoxicity in familial Parkinson's disease (PD). The aggregation of α-synuclein is also found in sporadic PD. Thus, targeting α-synuclein clearance could be used as a drug-discovery strategy for PD treatment. Caffeic acid (CA) has shown neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease or cerebral ischaemia; however, it is unclear whether CA confers neuroprotection in α-synuclein-induced PD models. Here we focus on whether and how A53T α-synuclein is affected by CA. We assessed the effect of CA on cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing A53T α-synuclein. Pathway-related inhibitors were used to identify the autophagy mechanisms. Seven-month-old A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice (A53T Tg mice) received CA daily for eight consecutive weeks. Behaviour tests including the buried food pellet test, the pole test, the Rotarod test, open field analysis, and gait analysis were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of CA. Tyrosine hydroxylase and α-synuclein were assessed by immunohistochemistry or western blot in the substantia nigra (SN). We found that CA alleviated the cell damage induced by overexpressing A53T α-synuclein and that CA reduced A53T α-synuclein by activating the JNK/Bcl-2-mediated autophagy pathway. The efficacy of CA on A53T α-synuclein degradation was reversed by the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125. In A53T Tg mice, CA improved behavioural impairments, attenuated loss of dopaminergic neurons, enhanced autophagy and reduced α-synuclein in the SN. Thus, the results provide scientific evidence for the neuroprotective effect of CA in PD. Our work lays the foundation for CA clinical trials to treat PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qimei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zexian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Linyin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Neuropharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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112
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Yang C, Lim W, Park J, Park S, You S, Song G. Anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-146a-5p and microRNA-548e-5p on human trophoblast cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 25:755-771. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to improve the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells; however, little is known about whether MSC-derived exosomes and exosomal miRNAs can regulate trophoblast cell properties. In this study, we investigated whether exosomal miRNAs from amniotic fluid-derived MSC (AF-MSC) could regulate the inflammatory response of the human trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo. We verified the anti-inflammatory effects of AF-MSCs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory trophoblast cells and found that miR-146a-5p and miR-548e-5p in the AF-MSC–derived exosomes regulate nuclear factor κB, AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that the transfection of human trophoblast cells with miR-146a-5p and miR-548e-5p inhibitors reduced trophoblast migration (P < 0.05 vs control) and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a protein essential for cell proliferation (P < 0.01 vs control). In particular, the miR-548e-5p inhibitor induced apoptosis, while tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6, a predicted target of miR-146a-5p and miR-548e-5p, was involved in the regulation of oxidative stress in the human trophoblast cells. In a mouse model of LPS-induced preterm birth (PB), miR-146a-5p expression was found to be relatively low in the group in which the effect of AF-MSCs was insignificant. However, this study is limited in that the changes in the expression of some genes in response to AF-MSCs differ between the cell line and mouse model. Collectively, these data show that exosomal miR-146a-5p and miR-548e-5p from AF-MSCs have anti-inflammatory effects on human trophoblast cells and may be novel targets for treating inflammatory diseases and associated problems that occur during pregnancy, such as PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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113
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Kishikawa N, El-Maghrabey MH, Kuroda N. Chromatographic methods and sample pretreatment techniques for aldehydes determination in biological, food, and environmental samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 175:112782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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114
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Nisha, Aggarwal P, Sarkar S. Adequate expression of Globin1 is required for development and maintenance of nervous system in Drosophila. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 100:103398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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115
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Matsunaga T, Kawabata S, Yanagihara Y, Kezuka C, Kato M, Morikawa Y, Endo S, Chen H, Iguchi K, Ikari A. Pathophysiological roles of autophagy and aldo-keto reductases in development of doxorubicin resistance in gastrointestinal cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108839. [PMID: 31563593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that incubation of three human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines (HCT15, LoVo and MKN45) with doxorubicin (DOX) provokes autophagy through facilitating production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HCT15 cell treatment with DOX resulted in up-regulation of Beclin1, down-regulation of Bcl2, activation of AMPK and JNK, and Akt inactivation, all of which were restored by pretreating with an antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine. These data suggest that all the autophagy-related alterations evoked by DOX result from the ROS production. In the DOX-resistant cancer cells, degree of autophagy elicited by DOX was milder than the parental cells, and DOX treatment hardly activated the ROS-dependent apoptotic signals [formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), cytochrome-c release into cytosol, and activation of JNK and caspase-3], inferring an inverse correlation between cellular antioxidant capacity and autophagy induction by DOX. Monitoring of expression levels of aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) in the parental and DOX-resistant cells revealed an up-regulation of AKR1B10 and/or AKR1C3 with acquiring the DOX resistance. Knockdown and inhibition of AKR1B10 or AKR1C3 in these cells enhanced DOX-elicited autophagy. Measurement of DOX-reductase activity and HNE-sensitivity assay also suggested that both AKR1B10 (via high HNE-reductase activity) and AKR1C3 (via low HNE-reductase and DOX-reductase activities) are involved in the development of DOX resistance. Combination of inhibitors of autophagy and the two AKRs overcame DOX resistance and cross-resistance of gastrointestinal cancer cells with resistance development to DOX or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum. Therefore, concomitant treatment with the inhibitors may be effective as an adjuvant therapy for elevating DOX sensitivity of gastrointestinal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Matsunaga
- Education Center of Green Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 502-8585, Japan.
| | - Saori Kawabata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yuji Yanagihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kezuka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Misaki Kato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morikawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Huayue Chen
- Department of Anatomy School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iguchi
- Laboratory of Community Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
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116
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Lin X, Jia Y, Dong X, Shen J, Jin Y, Li Y, Wang F, Anenberg E, Zhou J, Zhu J, Chen X, Xie Q, Xie Y. Diplatin, a Novel and Low-Toxicity Anti-Lung Cancer Platinum Complex, Activation of Cell Death in Tumors via a ROS/JNK/p53-Dependent Pathway, and a Low Rate of Acquired Treatment Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:982. [PMID: 31572176 PMCID: PMC6749073 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Platinum-based drugs prevail as the main treatment of lung cancer; this is caused by their relative effectiveness despite known side effects, such as neurotoxicity. The risk reward of the treatment and side effects is confronted when dosage is considered and when resistance to treatment develops. Development of new compounds that improve effectiveness and safety profiles addresses this ongoing need in clinical practice. Objectives: The novel water-soluble platinum complex, diplatin, was synthesized, and its antitumor potency and toxicology profile were evaluated in murine xenograft tumor models and in lung cancer cell lines. Methods: The effects of diplatin, cisplatin (DDP), and carboplatin (CBP) on the viability of nine lung tumor cell lines and one normal human lung epithelial cell line were evaluated using the MTT assay. Therapeutic index was calculated as LD50/ED50 to identify and compare the ideal therapeutic windows of the above compounds. Diplatin’s antitumor effects were assessed in lung xenograft tumors of nude mice; molecular mechanisms of therapeutic effects were identified. Results: Diplatin had desirable IC50 compared to CBP in a variety of cultured tumor cells, notably lung tumor cells. In the mouse xenograft lung tumor, diplatin led to a substantially improved therapeutic index when compared to the effects of DDP and CBP. Importantly, diplatin inhibited the growth of DDP-resistant lung tumor cells. Diplatin’s mode of action was characterized to be through cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and induction of lung tumor apoptosis via ROS/JNK/p53-mediated pathways. Conclusion: Diplatin was observed to have antitumor effects in mice with both greater potency and safety compared with DDP and CBP. These observations indicate that diplatin is promising as a potential treatment in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Lin
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Jia
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of Food and Drug Administration of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Breath Smooth Biotech Hangzhou Co., LTD, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Dong
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of Food and Drug Administration of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Breath Smooth Biotech Hangzhou Co., LTD, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of Food and Drug Administration of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Breath Smooth Biotech Hangzhou Co., LTD, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yachao Jin
- Breath Smooth Biotech Hangzhou Co., LTD, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyou Li
- Beijing Shuobai Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Joinn Laboratories, BAD, Beijing, China
| | - Eitan Anenberg
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiancang Zhou
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Beijing Shuobai Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangmin Xie
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of Food and Drug Administration of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yicheng Xie
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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117
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Shirpoor A, Gaderi R, Naderi R. Ethanol exposure in prenatal and early postnatal induced cardiac injury in rats: involvement of oxidative stress, Hsp70, ERK 1/2, JNK, and apoptosis in a 3-month follow-up study. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:917-926. [PMID: 31410726 PMCID: PMC6717233 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol exposure during pregnancy induces a wide range of structural and functional abnormalities in the fetal heart. However, the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is not well known. This study was undertaken to elucidate probable mechanisms of myocardial damage induced by prenatal and early postnatal ethanol treatment. Pregnant Wistar rats received ethanol 4.5 g/kg BW once per day from the seventh day of gestation (GD7) throughout lactation. The oxidative stress injury of the myocardium in pups was evaluated by measuring levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Histopathological examinations and Western blot were performed to evaluate histological features, apoptosis, and molecular alterations in the myocardial tissue of male pups on the postnatal day 21 (PN-21) and postnatal day 90 (PN-90). The results showed that maternal ethanol consumption caused oxidative stress (impaired total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde), histological changes, and apoptosis of the myocardium in the pups on PN-21 and PN-90. At the molecular levels, Western blot analysis revealed that ethanol modulated the protein expression of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, and Hsp70 in the myocardial tissue of the pups after 21 and 90 days of birth compared with the controls. These findings revealed that maternal ethanol intake induced cardiac toxicity in part, mediated by oxidative stress and apoptosis in the pups. A further mechanism study revealed that ethanol enhanced ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation and Hsp70 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shirpoor
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Gaderi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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118
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Guo J, Chai R, Li H, Sun S. Protection of Hair Cells from Ototoxic Drug-Induced Hearing Loss. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1130:17-36. [PMID: 30915699 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6123-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hair cells are specialized sensory epithelia cells that receive mechanical sound waves and convert them into neural signals for hearing, and these cells can be killed or damaged by ototoxic drugs, including many aminoglycoside antibiotics, platinum-based anticancer agents, and loop diuretics, leading to drug-induced hearing loss. Studies of therapeutic approaches to drug-induced hearing loss have been hampered by the limited understanding of the biological mechanisms that protect and regenerate hair cells. This review briefly discusses some of the most common ototoxic drugs and describes recent research concerning the mechanisms of ototoxic drug-induced hearing loss. It also highlights current developments in potential therapies and explores current clinical treatments for patients with hearing impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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119
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Schwaerzer GK, Kalyanaraman H, Casteel DE, Dalton ND, Gu Y, Lee S, Zhuang S, Wahwah N, Schilling JM, Patel HH, Zhang Q, Makino A, Milewicz DM, Peterson KL, Boss GR, Pilz RB. Aortic pathology from protein kinase G activation is prevented by an antioxidant vitamin B 12 analog. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3533. [PMID: 31387997 PMCID: PMC6684604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
People heterozygous for an activating mutation in protein kinase G1 (PRKG1, p.Arg177Gln) develop thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD) as young adults. Here we report that mice heterozygous for the mutation have a three-fold increase in basal protein kinase G (PKG) activity, and develop age-dependent aortic dilation. Prkg1R177Q/+ aortas show increased smooth muscle cell apoptosis, elastin fiber breaks, and oxidative stress compared to aortas from wild type littermates. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC)—to increase wall stress in the ascending aorta—induces severe aortic pathology and mortality from aortic rupture in young mutant mice. The free radical-neutralizing vitamin B12-analog cobinamide completely prevents age-related aortic wall degeneration, and the unrelated anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine ameliorates TAC-induced pathology. Thus, increased basal PKG activity induces oxidative stress in the aorta, raising concern about the widespread clinical use of PKG-activating drugs. Cobinamide could be a treatment for aortic aneurysms where oxidative stress contributes to the disease, including Marfan syndrome. Individuals carrying a gain-of-function mutation in PKG1 develop thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Here Schwaerzer et al. show that mice carrying the same mutation recapitulate the human disease, and find that treatment with anti-oxidants including cobinamide, a vitamin B12 analog, prevents disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerburg K Schwaerzer
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hema Kalyanaraman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Darren E Casteel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nancy D Dalton
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yusu Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Seunghoe Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shunhui Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nisreen Wahwah
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jan M Schilling
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics and Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kirk L Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gerry R Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Renate B Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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120
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Lee JR, Lee JY, Kim HJ, Hahn MJ, Kang JS, Cho H. The inhibition of chloride intracellular channel 1 enhances Ca 2+ and reactive oxygen species signaling in A549 human lung cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 31316050 PMCID: PMC6802611 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is a promising therapeutic target in cancer due to its intrinsic characteristics; it is overexpressed in specific tumor types and its localization changes from cytosolic to surface membrane depending on activities and cell cycle progression. Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical signaling molecules that modulate diverse cellular functions, including cell death. In this study, we investigated the function of CLIC1 in Ca2+ and ROS signaling in A549 human lung cancer cells. Depletion of CLIC1 via shRNAs in A549 cells increased DNA double-strand breaks both under control conditions and under treatment with the putative anticancer agent chelerythrine, accompanied by a concomitant increase in the p-JNK level. CLIC1 knockdown greatly increased basal ROS levels, an effect prevented by BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelator. Intracellular Ca2+ measurements clearly showed that CLIC1 knockdown significantly increased chelerythrine-induced Ca2+ signaling as well as the basal Ca2+ level in A549 cells compared to these levels in control cells. Suppression of extracellular Ca2+ restored the basal Ca2+ level in CLIC1-knockdown A549 cells relative to that in control cells, implying that CLIC1 regulates [Ca2+]i through Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane. Consistent with this finding, the L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) blocker nifedipine reduced the basal Ca2+ level in CLIC1 knockdown cells to that in control cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CLIC1 knockdown induces an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level via LTCC, which then triggers excessive ROS production and consequent JNK activation. Thus, CLIC1 is a key regulator of Ca2+ signaling in the control of cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Rin Lee
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Yoon Lee
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myong-Joon Hahn
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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121
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Di Meo S, Napolitano G, Venditti P. Mediators of Physical Activity Protection against ROS-Linked Skeletal Muscle Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3024. [PMID: 31226872 PMCID: PMC6627449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unaccustomed and/or exhaustive exercise generates excessive free radicals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species leading to muscle oxidative stress-related damage and impaired contractility. Conversely, a moderate level of free radicals induces the body's adaptive responses. Thus, a low oxidant level in resting muscle is essential for normal force production, and the production of oxidants during each session of physical training increases the body's antioxidant defenses. Mitochondria, NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidases have been identified as sources of free radicals during muscle contraction, but the exact mechanisms underlying exercise-induced harmful or beneficial effects yet remain elusive. However, it is clear that redox signaling influences numerous transcriptional activators, which regulate the expression of genes involved in changes in muscle phenotype. The mitogen-activated protein kinase family is one of the main links between cellular oxidant levels and skeletal muscle adaptation. The family components phosphorylate and modulate the activities of hundreds of substrates, including transcription factors involved in cell response to oxidative stress elicited by exercise in skeletal muscle. To elucidate the complex role of ROS in exercise, here we reviewed the literature dealing on sources of ROS production and concerning the most important redox signaling pathways, including MAPKs that are involved in the responses to acute and chronic exercise in the muscle, particularly those involved in the induction of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gaetana Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, via Acton n. 38-I-80133 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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122
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Wang YL, Zhou XQ, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jiang J, Wang SW, Kuang SY, Tang L, Feng L. Effects of Dietary Zearalenone on Oxidative Stress, Cell Apoptosis, and Tight Junction in the Intestine of Juvenile Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11060333. [PMID: 31212760 PMCID: PMC6628422 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a prevalent mycotoxin with high toxicity in animals. In order to study its effect on juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), six diets supplemented with different levels of ZEA (0, 535, 1041, 1548, 2002, and 2507 μg/kg diet) for 10 weeks were studied to assess its toxicity on intestinal structural integrity and potential mechanisms of action. Our report firstly proved that ZEA led to growth retardation and body deformity, and impaired the intestinal structural integrity of juvenile grass carp, as revealed by the following findings: (1) ZEA accumulated in the intestine and caused histopathological lesions; (2) ZEA resulted in oxidative injury, apoptosis, and breached tight junctions in the fish intestine, which were probably associated with Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling pathways, respectively. ZEA had no influence on the antioxidant gene levels of Kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1)b (rather than Keap1a), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)P1, GSTP2 (not in the distal intestine (DI)), tight junctions occludin, claudin-c (not in the proximal intestine (PI)), or claudin-3c (not in the mid intestine (MI) or DI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Shang-Wen Wang
- Tongwei Research Institute, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu 600438, China.
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed. Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed. Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Chu Q, Zhang Y, Zhong S, Gao F, Chen Y, Wang B, Zhang Z, Cai W, Li W, Zheng F, Shi G. N-n-Butyl Haloperidol Iodide Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Mitochondria Induced by Hypoxia/Reoxygenation through the Mitochondrial c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase/Sab/Src/Reactive Oxygen Species Pathway in H9c2 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7417561. [PMID: 31205589 PMCID: PMC6530120 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7417561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Both c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our previous studies suggest that N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide (F2) exerts cardioprotection by reducing ROS production and JNK activation caused by I/R. In this study, we hypothesized that there is a JNK/Sab/Src/ROS pathway in the mitochondria in H9c2 cells following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) that induces oxidative stress in the mitochondria and that F2 exerts mitochondrial protective effects during H/R injury by modulating this pathway. The results showed that H/R induced higher-level ROS in the cytoplasm on the one hand and JNK activation and translocation to the mitochondria by colocalization with Sab on the other. Moreover, H/R resulted in mitochondrial Src dephosphorylation, and subsequently, oxidative stress evidenced by the increase in ROS generation and oxidized cardiolipin in the mitochondrial membranes and by the decrease in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity and membrane potential. Furthermore, treatment with a JNK inhibitor or Sab small interfering RNA inhibited the mitochondrial translocation of p-JNK, decreased colocalization of p-JNK and Sab on the mitochondria, and reduced Src dephosphorylation and mitochondrial oxidative stress during H/R. In addition, Src dephosphorylation by inhibitor PP2 increased mitochondrial ROS production. F2, like inhibitors of the JNK/Sab/Src/ROS pathway, downregulated the H/R-induced mitochondrial translocation of p-JNK and the colocalization of p-JNK and Sab on the mitochondria, increased Src phosphorylation, and alleviated the above-mentioned mitochondrial oxidative stress. In conclusion, F2 could ameliorate H/R-associated oxidative stress in mitochondria in H9c2 cells through the mitochondrial JNK/Sab/Src/ROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Fenfei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhaojing Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Weiqiu Li
- Analytical Cytology Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Fuchun Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Jung KI, Ko DH, Shin N, Pyo CW, Choi SY. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation potentiates the infectivity of influenza A virus by regulating the host redox state. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:293-305. [PMID: 30905731 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During influenza A virus (IAV) infection, significant effects of oxidative stress often emerge due to the disruption of the redox balance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during IAV infection have been known to exert various effects on both the virus and host tissue. However, the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of ROS and their physiological significance in IAV infection have been extensively studied but remain to be fully understood. Here, we show that the levels of Sp1, a key controller of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene expression, and SOD1 are mainly dependent upon the activity of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1), which is a downstream factor of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) during ER stress. In IRE1-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) or A549 human lung cells treated with XBP1 siRNA, IAV-induced Sp1 loss was mitigated. However, overexpression of the spliced form of XBP1 in IRE1-deficient MEFs resulted in a further decrease in Sp1 levels, whereas the unspliced form showed no significant differences. Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG132 markedly inhibited the IRE1/XBP1-mediated loss of Sp1 and SOD, suggesting the involvement of proteasome-dependent ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The increase in SOD1 levels with the expression of siRNA-targeting p97, a central component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, supports the major role of the ERAD process in IAV-mediated SOD1 loss. In addition, ROS generation due to IAV infection was attenuated in cells lacking either IRE1 or JNK. These results reveal the important roles of both IRE1/XBP1-mediated ERAD and the JNK pathway in IAV infection. Interestingly, the increase in ROS due to IAV infection is correlated with the increase in the virus titer in vitro and in vivo. However, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), an inhibitor of ER stress signaling, weakened the effect of IAV infection on SOD1 loss in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the treatment of mice with 4-PBA efficiently attenuated ROS generation and ER stress in lung tissue and eventually lowered the IAV titer. These results strongly suggest that the ERAD process plays a major role in IAV infection, thus making it a potential target for antiviral drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Il Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Nary Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Chul Woong Pyo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yun Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Kwak BJ, Choi HJ, Kim OH, Kim KH, You YK, Lee TY, Ahn J, Kim SJ. The Role of Phospho-c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Expression on hepatocyte Necrosis and Autophagy in the Cholestatic Liver. J Surg Res 2019; 241:254-263. [PMID: 31035140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, liver fibrosis and cholestasis are two major disease entities, ultimately leading to hepatic failure. Although autophagy plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of these diseases, its precise mechanism has not been determined yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse models of liver fibrosis or cholestasis were obtained after the serial administration of thioacetamide (TAA) or surgical bile duct ligation (BDL), respectively. Then, after obtaining liver specimens at specific time points, we compared the expression of makers related to apoptosis (cleaved caspases), inflammation (CD68), necrosis (high-mobility group box 1), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and autophagy (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B and p62) in the fibrotic or cholestatic mouse livers, by polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Although cholestatic livers exhibited the tendency of progressively increasing the expression of most apoptosis-related markers (cleaved caspases), it was not prominent when it was compared with the tendency found in the livers of TAA-treated mice. Contrastingly, the necrosis-related factor (high-mobility group box 1) was significantly increased in the livers of BDL mice over time, reaching their peak values on day 7 after BDL. In addition, the inflammation-related factor (CD68) was highly expressed in BDL mice compared with TAA-treated mice over time. Autophagy marker studies indicated that autophagy was upregulated in fibrotic livers, whereas it was downregulated in cholestatic livers. We also observed mild to moderate activation of p-JNK in the livers of TAA-treated mice, whereas significantly higher p-JNK activation was detected in the livers of BDL mice. CONCLUSIONS Unlike TAA-treated mice, BDL mice exhibited higher expression of the markers related with inflammation and necrosis, especially including p-JNK, while maintaining low levels of autophagic process. Therefore, obstructive cholestasis is characterized by higher p-JNK activation, which could be related with marked necrotic cell death resulting from extensive inflammation and little chance of compensatory autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Jun Kwak
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyoung You
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang D, Zhou Q, Huang D, He L, Zhang H, Hu B, Peng H, Ren D. ROS/JNK/c-Jun axis is involved in oridonin-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:594-601. [PMID: 30981511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms with high mortality worldwide. Oridonin, a diterpenoid isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rabdosia rubescens, has been proved to have anticancer effect on various types of cancer cells. However, the detailed mechanisms of oridonin in CRC cells remain unclear and if oridonin can overcome 5-FU resistance have not been investigated yet. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of oridonin in both 5-FU sensitive and resistant CRC cells and illuminated the underlying mechanisms. We showed that oridonin induced proliferation inhibition and caspase-dependent apoptosis in both 5-FU sensitive and resistant CRC cells. Oridonin induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in both 5-FU sensitive and resistant CRC cells, which resulted in cell apoptosis as oridonin-induced apoptosis was almost abolished when cells were co-treated with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Moreover, we found that oridonin induced CRC cell apoptosis via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun pathway as oridonin activated JNK/c-Jun pathway and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 restored oridonin-induced apoptosis in CRC cells. Interestingly, when CRC cells were co-treated with NAC, the activation of JNK/c-Jun pathway induced by oridonin was nearly reversed, indicating that oridonin induced JNK/c-Jun pathway activation through the accumulation of ROS. Taken together, these data reveal that oridonin induces apoptosis through the ROS/JNK/c-Jun axis in both 5-FU sensitive and resistant CRC cells, suggesting that oridonin could be a potential agent for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Donglin Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Perina EA, Ivanov VV, Pershina AG, Perekucha NA, Dzyuman AN, Kaminskii IP, Saltykova IV, Sazonov AE, Ogorodova LM. Imbalance in the glutathione system in Opisthorchis felineus infected liver promotes hepatic fibrosis. Acta Trop 2019; 192:41-48. [PMID: 30684449 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although data on oxidative stress during liver fluke infection have been previously presented, a comprehensive study of the glutathione system that plays a crucial role in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and detoxification of primary and secondary oxidation products has not been addressed yet. In the present study, the hepatic glutathione system was investigated in a hamster model of experimental opisthorchiasis infection. It was shown that chronic oxidative stress in an Opisthorchis felineus infected liver, evidenced by abundant hydroperoxide accumulation, leads to strong imbalance in the hepatic glutathione system, namely the depletion of reduced form of glutathione (GSH), lowering of the GSH/GSSG ratio, and a decrease in the glutathione peroxidase and glyoxalase 1 activity. O. felineus infection provokes hepatocellular damage that results in the progression of liver fibrosis, accompanied by an increase in collagen deposition in the hepatic tissue. Modulation of hepatic GSH levels in the O. felineus infected liver through N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or l-buthionine-S, R-sulfoxinine (BSO) treatments lead to changes in expression and activity of glutathione S-transferase and glyoxalase I as well as markedly decreases or increases collagen content in the O. felineus infected liver and the severity of liver fibrosis, respectively. Thus, the glutathione system can be considered as a target for liver protection from O. felineus-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Perina
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Ivanov
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Alexandra G Pershina
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
| | - Natalya A Perekucha
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Anna N Dzyuman
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Ilya P Kaminskii
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Irina V Saltykova
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Alexey E Sazonov
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Ludmila M Ogorodova
- Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
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128
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Muckova L, Vanova N, Misik J, Herman D, Pejchal J, Jun D. Oxidative stress induced by oxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 56:110-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sanhaji M, Göring J, Couleaud P, Aires A, Cortajarena AL, Courty J, Prina-Mello A, Stapf M, Ludwig R, Volkov Y, Latorre A, Somoza Á, Miranda R, Hilger I. The phenotype of target pancreatic cancer cells influences cell death by magnetic hyperthermia with nanoparticles carrying gemicitabine and the pseudo-peptide NucAnt. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 20:101983. [PMID: 30940505 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we show that conjugation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with Gemcitabine and/or NucAnt (N6L) fostered their internalization into pancreatic tumor cells and that the coupling procedure did not alter the cytotoxic potential of the drugs. By treating tumor cells (BxPC3 and PANC-1) with the conjugated MNPs and magnetic hyperthermia (43 °C, 60 min), cell death was observed. The two pancreatic tumor cell lines showed different reactions against the combined therapy according to their intrinsic sensitivity against Gemcitabine (cell death, ROS production, ability to activate ERK 1/2 and JNK). Finally, tumors (e.g. 3 mL) could be effectively treated by using almost 4.2 × 105 times lower Gemcitabine doses compared to conventional therapies. Our data show that this combinatorial therapy might well play an important role in certain cell phenotypes with low readiness of ROS production. This would be of great significance in distinctly optimizing local pancreatic tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Sanhaji
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Göring
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Pierre Couleaud
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC & IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Aires
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC & IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC & IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Courty
- Laboratoire CRRET, Université Paris EST Créteil, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, Créteil, France
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcus Stapf
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Ludwig
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Yuri Volkov
- Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Latorre
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC & IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC & IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC & IMDEA Nanociencia, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Cleavage of GSDME by caspase-3 determines lobaplatin-induced pyroptosis in colon cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:193. [PMID: 30804337 PMCID: PMC6389936 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death (PCD), has garnered increasing attention as it relates to innate immunity and diseases. However, the involvement of pyroptosis in the mechanism by which lobaplatin acts against colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. Our study revealed that treatment with lobaplatin reduced the viability of HT-29 and HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Morphologically, HT-29 and HCT116 cells treated with lobaplatin exhibited microscopic features of cell swelling and large bubbles emerging from the plasma membrane, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed multiple pores in the membrane. GSDME, rather than GSDMD, was cleaved in lobaplatin-induced pyroptosis in HT-29 and HCT116 cells due to caspase-3 activation. Knocking out GSDME switched lobaplatin-induced cell death from pyroptosis to apoptosis but did not affect lobaplatin-mediated inhibition of growth and tumour formation of HT-29 and HCT116 cells in vivo and in vitro. Further investigation indicates that lobaplatin induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation and JNK phosphorylation. NAC, a ROS scavenger, completely reversed the pyroptosis of lobaplatin-treated HT-29 and HCT116 and JNK phosphorylation. Activated JNK recruited Bax to mitochondria, and thereby stimulated cytochrome c release to cytosol, followed by caspase-3/-9 cleavage and pyroptosis induction. Therefore, in colon cancer cells, GSDME mediates lobaplatin-induced pyroptosis downstream of the ROS/JNK/Bax-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and caspase-3/-9 activation. Our study indicated that GSDME-dependent pyroptosis is an unrecognized mechanism by which lobaplatin eradicates neoplastic cells, which may have important implications for the clinical application of anticancer therapeutics.
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131
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Beheshti F, Hosseini M, Taheri Sarvtin M, Kamali A, Anaeigoudari A. Protective effect of aminoguanidine against lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatotoxicity and liver dysfunction in rat. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:215-221. [PMID: 30691306 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1561712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria activates macrophages to produce a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines which is considered as a cause of liver dysfunction. Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to have a role in hepatic injury. The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effects of aminoguanidine (AG) as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor against LPS -induced liver dysfunction in rat. The animals were divided into five groups: (1) control (2) LPS (3) LPS-AG50, (4) LPS-AG100 and (5) LPS-AG150. LPS (1 mg/kg) was injected for 5 weeks and AG (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) was administered 30 min before LPS. Drugs were injected intraperitoneally. LPS induced liver dysfunction presented by increasing the serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Pretreatment with AG restored harmful effects of LPS on liver function. In addition, LPS resulted in hepatotoxicity, accompanied by enhancing the level of interleukin (IL)-6, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and decreasing the content of total thiol groups and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. Injection of AG before LPS attenuated LPS-induced hepatotoxicity through decreasing the level of IL-6, MDA and NO metabolites and increasing total thiols and SOD and CAT activity. Considering the protective effect of AG which was seen in the present study, it seems that increased levels of NO due to activation of iNOS has a role in LPS-induced hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Beheshti
- Department of Basic Sciences and Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Taheri Sarvtin
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Ali Kamali
- Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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Jiang J, Zhou N, Ying P, Zhang T, Liang R, Jiang X. Emodin Promotes Apoptosis of Human Endometrial Cancer Through Regulating the MAPK and PI3K/ AKT Pathways. Open Life Sci 2019; 13:489-496. [PMID: 33817118 PMCID: PMC7874679 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin, a major component of rhubarb, has anti-tumor effects in a variety of cancers, influencing multiple steps of tumor development through modulating several signaling pathways. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of emodin on cell apoptosis and explore the underlying mechanisms in human endometrial cancer cells. Here we report that emodin can inhibit KLE cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Western blot assay found that emodin was involved in MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Specifically, emodin significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT, and enhanced the phosphorylation of MAPK pathways. Furthermore, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was up-regulated in KLE cells upon treatment with emodin, while the anti-oxidant agent N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) can inhibit emodin-induced apoptosis and promote the activation of AKT and Bcl-2. Taken together, we revealed that emodin may induce apoptosis in KLE cells through regulating the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, indicating the importance of emodin as an anti-tumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Nanyang Zhou
- Department of traditional chinese medicine, Hangzhou Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Hangzhou 310008, P. R. China
| | - Pian Ying
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Ruojia Liang
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Xuelu Jiang
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
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Díez-Quijada L, Puerto M, Gutiérrez-Praena D, Llana-Ruiz-Cabello M, Jos A, Cameán AM. Microcystin-RR: Occurrence, content in water and food and toxicological studies. A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:467-489. [PMID: 30399604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxins, produced by various species of cyanobacteria, whose occurrence is increasing worldwide owing to climate change and anthropogenic activities. More than 100 variants have been reported, and among them MC-LR is the most extensively studied, but there are other MC congeners that deserve to be investigated. The need for data to characterize the toxicological profile of MC variants other than MC-LR has been identified in order to improve risk assessment in humans and wildlife. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the information available in the scientific literature dealing with MC-RR, as this congener is the second most common cyanotoxin in the environment. The review focuses on aspects such as occurrence in water and food, and toxicity studies both in vitro and in vivo. It reveals that, although MC-RR is a real hazard with a high exposure potential in some countries, little is known yet about its specific toxicological properties that differ from those of MC-LR, and important aspects such as genotoxicity and chronic effects have not yet been sufficiently addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Díez-Quijada
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Puerto
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Llana-Ruiz-Cabello
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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He J, Zhang X, Lian C, Wu J, Fang Y, Ye X. Exendin-4 prevented pancreatic beta cells from apoptosis in (Type I) diabetic mouse via keap1-Nrf2 signaling. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:28-35. [PMID: 30638057 PMCID: PMC6362529 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218823549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Nrf2 is an essential part of the defense mechanism of vertebrates and protects them from surrounding stress via participation in stimulated expression of detoxification as well as antioxidant enzymes. It also exerts a role in defending hosts from different stress in the environment, including reactive oxygen species. Our study investigates the role of exendin-4 on Nrf2 pathway as well as cell death in pancreatic β-cell and in non-obese diabetic mice. Result of study indicates exendin-4 mediates activation of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway and may serve as a potential agent to treat type I diabetes mellitus. In our research, we observed excessive reactive oxygen species production, low level of cell death, and PKC phosphorylation on exendine-4 treatment. Nrf2 knockdown led to suppression of reactive oxygen species generation as well as increasing apoptosis. Moreover, siRNA-mediated Nrf2 down-regulation attenuated the suppressive effect of exendin-4 in pancreatic β-cell viability, via modulating apoptosis promoting- and counteracting-proteins, Bax, and Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui He
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Chaowei Lian
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Jinzhi Wu
- Department of endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Yanling Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Xiaoling Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
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135
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He J, Zhang X, Lian C, Wu J, Fang Y, Ye X. KEAP1/NRF2 axis regulates H 2O 2-induced apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells. Gene 2018; 691:8-17. [PMID: 30594636 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In human pancreatic β-cells, oxidative stress and cellular injures can be induced by H2O2 treatment. The KEAP1/NRF2 axis is a key antioxidant signaling pathway. The present study attempted to elucidate the mechanism by which the KEAP1/NRF2 axis mediates oxidative stress-induced death in pancreatic β-cells. Our data showed that H2O2 treatment obviously induced the apoptosis of β-cells. Further experiments demonstrated that KEAP1 expression was downregulated in H2O2-treated pancreatic β-cells and this change correlated with increase in the cellular abundance and nuclear translocation of NRF2. The restoration of KEAP1 expression in cells resulted in a recovery of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that KEAP1 overexpression negatively regulated the abundance of NRF2, subsequently causing decreased antioxidant response element activation. This led to HO-1 protein downregulation in H2O2-treated human pancreatic β-cells, which was also observed in NRF2-silenced β-cells. Conversely, the silencing of KEAP1 led to NRF2 upregulation and inhibited ARE and HO-1 signaling in pancreatic β-cells. The increase in the abundance of NRF2 following treatment with H2O2 drastically elevated the production of BAX, FAS, FAS-L, CASP-3, and CASP-9, and this change was reversed by KEAP1 overexpression or NRF2 silencing. Taken together, H2O2 treatment activated KEAP1/NRF2 signaling to promote the production of pro-apoptotic factors and consequently led to the apoptosis of human pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui He
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chaowei Lian
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinzhi Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanling Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoling Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zhangzhou, Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China.
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136
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Ge D, Gao J, Han L, Li Y, Liu HH, Yang WC, Chang F, Liu J, Yu M, Zhao J. Novel effects of sphingosylphosphorylcholine on the apoptosis of breast cancer via autophagy/AKT/p38 and JNK signaling. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11451-11462. [PMID: 30488428 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC), an important lipid mediator in blood, inhibits the proliferation and migration of various cancer cells. However, its effect as a cell-specific sphingolipid in breast cancer cells is still unknown. Here, we showed that SPC promoted autophagy and apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Autophagy worked as a negative regulator of apoptosis-induced by SPC. Mechanistically, SPC mediated apoptosis via activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Meanwhile, p38MAPK (p38) and protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) signaling pathways were also activated to inhibit apoptosis, suggesting that SPC could evoke multiple signaling pathways to modulate cell apoptosis. In addition, the crosstalk between autophagy, p38, AKT and JNK is that autophagy, p38, and AKT attenuated the JNK. AKT and p38 were in the downstream of autophagy, which is autophagy/AKT/p38 signaling evoked by SPC to antagonize JNK signaling and subsequent apoptosis. Although the pathways that antagonize apoptosis were evoked, the cells eventually reached apoptosis by SPC. Therefore, the combination with pharmacological autophagy inhibitors would be a more effective therapeutic strategy for eliminating breast cancer cells by SPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Han
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wan-Cheng Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fen Chang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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137
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AnvariFar H, Amirkolaie AK, Jalali AM, Miandare HK, Sayed AH, Üçüncü Sİ, Ouraji H, Ceci M, Romano N. Environmental pollution and toxic substances: Cellular apoptosis as a key parameter in a sensible model like fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY 2018; 204:144-159. [PMID: 30273782 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The industrial wastes, sewage effluents, agricultural run-off and decomposition of biological waste may cause high environmental concentration of chemicals that can interfere with the cell cycle activating the programmed process of cells death (apoptosis). In order to provide a detailed understanding of environmental pollutants-induced apoptosis, here we reviewed the current knowledge on the interactions of environmental chemicals and programmed cell death. Metals (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, zinc, copper, mercury and silver) as well as other chemicals including bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and pesticides (organo-phosphated, organo-chlorinated, carbamates, phyretroids and biopesticides) were evaluated in relation to apoptotic pathways, heat shock proteins and metallothioneins. Although research performed over the past decades has improved our understanding of processes involved in apoptosis in fish, yet there is lack of knowledge on associations between environmental pollutants and apoptosis. Thus, this review could be useful tool to study the cytotoxic/apoptotic effects of different pollutants in fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein AnvariFar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran; University of Applied Science and Technology, Provincial Unit, P.O. Box: 4916694338, Golestan, Iran
| | - A K Amirkolaie
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali M Jalali
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 49138-15739, Iran; Sturgeon Affairs Management, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran; Center for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, VIC, 3280, Australia
| | - H K Miandare
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 49138-15739, Iran
| | - Alaa H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sema İşisağ Üçüncü
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hossein Ouraji
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Marcello Ceci
- Department Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Tuscia University, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Nicla Romano
- Department Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Tuscia University, Viterbo, 01100, Italy.
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Induction of apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells by ruthenium(II) complexes through ROS-mediated lysosome–mitochondria dysfunction and inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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139
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ODC1 inhibits the inflammatory response and ROS-induced apoptosis in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:734-741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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140
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Abolhasani MH, Safavi M, Goodarzi MT, Kassaee SM, Azin M. Identification and anti-cancer activity in 2D and 3D cell culture evaluation of an Iranian isolated marine microalgae Picochlorum sp. RCC486. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 26:105-116. [PMID: 30242672 PMCID: PMC6279668 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-018-0213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer disease is the second cause of death in the world. Now a days, high percentage of drugs, which are involved in treatment of cancers, have natural origin. Introduction of microalgae strains as anti-cancer drugs origin is a valuable approach for cancer therapy. METHODS In the present study we describe the isolation, characterization, and anti-proliferative activity of a new microalga strain (Picochlorum sp. RCC486) from Iran. The cytotoxic activity of four different algal extracts including methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane were evaluated against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, Hep-G2, and A-549 cell liens. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay in both monolayer and spheroids 3D cultures. The apoptosis was confirmed by different methods such as AO/EB and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, caspase-3 colorimetric assay, ROS and MMP assay. RESULTS The results of MTT assay and fluorescent double staining confirmed that methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed the best cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines. The production of ROS, caspase-3 activity and depolarized MMP were quite significant in MDA-MB-231 cell line treated with methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. CONCLUSION In this research we revealed that cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts in human cancer cells make them good candidates for further pharmacological studies to discover effective drugs for cancer therapy. Graphical abstract The present study describes the isolation, characterization, and anti-proliferative activity of different extracts of a new microalga strain (Picochlorum sp. RCC486) from Iran. The antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing activity of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts with high content of phenol and carotenoid make them as good candidates for further pharmacological studies to discover effective drugs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3353-5111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, 65178, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Azin
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3353-5111, Tehran, Iran
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Dionísio PEA, Oliveira SR, Amaral JSJD, Rodrigues CMP. Loss of Microglial Parkin Inhibits Necroptosis and Contributes to Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2990-3004. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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142
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Zhu SY, Zhuang JS, Wu Q, Liu ZY, Liao CR, Luo SG, Chen JT, Zhong ZM. Advanced oxidation protein products induce pre-osteoblast apoptosis through a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-dependent, mitogen-activated protein kinases-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12764. [PMID: 29659123 PMCID: PMC6052394 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast apoptosis contributes to age‐related bone loss. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are recognized as the markers of oxidative stress and potent inducers of apoptosis. We have demonstrated that AOPP accumulation was correlated with age‐related bone loss. However, the effect of AOPPs on the osteoblast apoptosis still remains unknown. Exposure of osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells to AOPPs caused the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases. Increased ROS induced phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which subsequently triggered intrinsic apoptosis pathway by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and Ca2+ overload and eventually leads to apoptosis. Chronic AOPP loading in aged Sprague‐Dawley rats induced osteoblast apoptosis and activated NADPH oxidase signaling cascade, in combination with accelerated bone loss and deteriorated bone microstructure. Our study suggests that AOPPs induce osteoblast apoptosis by the NADPH oxidase‐dependent, MAPK‐mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jing-Shen Zhuang
- Department of Spinal Surgery; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Spinal Surgery; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Cong-Rui Liao
- Department of Spinal Surgery; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Shi-Gan Luo
- Department of Spinal Surgery; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jian-Ting Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhao-Ming Zhong
- Department of Spinal Surgery; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
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143
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Luna-Dulcey L, Tomasin R, Naves MA, da Silva JA, Cominetti MR. Autophagy-dependent apoptosis is triggered by a semi-synthetic [6]-gingerol analogue in triple negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30787-30804. [PMID: 30112107 PMCID: PMC6089392 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is very aggressive and lacks specific therapeutic targets, having limited treatment options and poor prognosis. [6]-gingerol is the most abundant and studied compound in ginger, presenting diverse biological properties such as antitumor activity against several types of cancer, including breast cancer. In this study, we show that the semi-synthetic analogue SSi6, generated after chemical modification of the [6]-gingerol molecule, using acetone-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (2,4-DNPH) reagent, enhanced selective cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 cells. Remarkably, unlike the original [6]-gingerol molecule, SSi6 enabled autophagy followed by caspase-independent apoptosis in tumor cells. We found a time-dependent association between SSi6-induced oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Initial SSi6-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation (1h) led to autophagy activation (2-6h), which was followed by caspase-independent apoptosis (14h) in TNBC cells. Additionally, our data showed that SSi6 induction of ROS plays a key role in the promotion of autophagy and apoptosis. In order to investigate whether the observed cell death induction was dependent on preceding autophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells, we used siRNA to knock down LC3B prior to SSi6 treatment. Our data show that LC3B downregulation decreased the number of apoptotic cells after treatment with SSi6, indicating that autophagy is a key initial step on SSi6-induced caspase-independent apoptosis. Overall, the results of this study show that structural modifications of natural compounds can be an interesting strategy for developing antitumor drugs, with distinct mechanisms of actions, which could possibly be used against triple negative breast cancer cells that are resistant to canonical apoptosis-inducing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liany Luna-Dulcey
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging, Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rebeka Tomasin
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging, Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina A Naves
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging, Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - James A da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, CEP 49400-000, São José, Lagarto, SE, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Cominetti
- Laboratory of Biology of Aging, Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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144
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Zuo YH, Han QB, Dong GT, Yue RQ, Ren XC, Liu JX, Liu L, Luo P, Zhou H. Panax ginseng Polysaccharide Protected H9c2 Cardiomyocyte From Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury Through Regulating Mitochondrial Metabolism and RISK Pathway. Front Physiol 2018; 9:699. [PMID: 29962955 PMCID: PMC6013582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been the major issue of public health. Panax ginseng (ginseng) has been verified as an effective traditional Chinese medicines and exerted cardioprotective effect. This study aimed to investigate the polysaccharide fraction of ginseng on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in cardiomyocytes and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Ginseng was extracted by ethanol and fractionated by high-speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC) and column separation. The cardioprotective effect was evaluated in H9c2 cardiomyocytes underwent H/R treatment. The cell viability, apoptosis and mitochondrial respiration were examined. Results: An acid polysaccharides fraction of ginseng (AP1) was identified the most effective fraction in protecting cardiomyocytes from H/R injury. AP1 restored the mitochondrial function by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), blocking the release of cytochrome C, and increasing the ATP generation and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, AP1 induced the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and estrogen receptor (ER) which further activated reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway. Finally, AP1 increased nitric oxide (NO) production and regulated endothelial function by increasing endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression and decreasing inducible NOS (iNOS) expression in H/R injury. Conclusion: The results suggested that AP1 exerted a protective effect in myocardial H/R injury mainly through maintaining myocardial mitochondrial function, thereby inhibiting myocardial H/R caused apoptosis and increasing the expressions of GR and ER, which in turn mediated the activation of RISK pathway and eNOS-dependent mechanism to resist the reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Geng-Ting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Rui-Qi Yue
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue-Cong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,International Institute of Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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145
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Ahmad Hidayat AF, Chan CK, Mohamad J, Abdul Kadir H. Dioscorea bulbifera induced apoptosis through inhibition of ERK 1/2 and activation of JNK signaling pathways in HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:806-816. [PMID: 29860114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea bulbifera, also known as air potato, has been cultivated as food crop mainly in tropical countries in Asia and Australia. The tubers are edible and have often been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurvedic medicine to treat cancer, diabetes, thyroid disease, and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of D. bulbifera on HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells and to unravel the plausible mechanisms underlying its apoptotic effects. The ethanol crude and fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate and water) of D. bulbifera were subjected to cell viability MTT assay against various cancer cell lines. The lowest IC50 of the extract and fractions on selected cancer cells were selected for further apoptosis assay and western blot analysis. HCT116 cancer cells were treated with D. bulbifera and stained with Annexin/PI or Hoechst 33342/PI for preliminary confirmation of apoptosis. The dissipation of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) was determined by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-2 family, caspases, Fas, PARP, ERK1/2 and JNK were detected by western blot analysis. Moreover, the HCT116 cells were treated with UO126 and SP600125 inhibitors to verify the involvement of ERK1/2 and JNK protein expressions in inducing apoptotic cell death. Based on the result, D. bulbifera ethyl acetate fraction (DBEAF) exhibited the most compelling cytotoxicity on HCT116 cells with an IC50 of 37.91 ± 1.30 µg/mL. The induction of apoptosis was confirmed by phosphatidylserine externalization and chromatin condensation. Depolarization of MMP further conferred the induction of apoptosis was through the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins. Activation of caspase cascades (caspase-3, -9, -8 and -10) was elicited followed by the observation of cleaved PARP accumulation in DBEAF-treated cells. Furthermore, death receptor, Fas was activated upon exposure to DBEAF. Collective apoptotic evidences suggested the involvement of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by DBEAF in HCT116 cells. Interestingly, the attenuation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation accompanied by the activation of JNK was detected in DBEAF-treated cells. In conclusion, the findings revealed that DBEAF induced apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways involving ERK1/2 and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fadhlurrahman Ahmad Hidayat
- (a)Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chim Kei Chan
- (a)Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamaludin Mohamad
- (b)Biohealth Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- (a)Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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146
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Bone impairment caused by AlCl3 is associated with activation of the JNK apoptotic pathway mediated by oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:307-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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147
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Singh S, Bhowmick DC, Pany S, Joe M, Zaghlula N, Jeremic AM. Apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 and NADPH oxidase mediate human amylin evoked redox stress and apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1721-1733. [PMID: 29627323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded toxic human islet amyloid polypeptide or amylin (hA) and plasma membrane-associated redox complex, NADPH oxidase (NOX), have been implicated in the islet β-cell demise associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies show that hA accumulation is stressful to β-cells and that misfolding of human amylin evokes redox stress and activates mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases, p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal (JNK) kinase. However, the molecular link and causality between hA-evoked redox stress, NOX activity and MAP kinases signaling in pancreatic β-cells is incompletely understood. Here, we show that in the process of activating JNK, aggregation prone hA also activates an upstream apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) with concomitant decrease in intracellular levels of reduced glutathione. Inhibition of ASK1 kinase activity, either by specific ASK1 inhibitor, NQDI1 or by thiol antioxidants reduces human amylin-evoked ASK1 and JNK activation and consequently human amylin toxicity in rat insulinoma Rin-m5F cells and human islets. β-cell specific overexpression of human amylin in mouse islets elicited ASK1 phosphorylation and activation in β-cells but not in other rodent's islet or exocrine cells. This ASK1 activation strongly correlated with islet amyloidosis and diabetes progression. Cytotoxic human amylin additionally stimulated pro-oxidative activity and expressions of plasma membrane bound NADPH oxidase (NOX) and its regulatory subunits. siRNA mediated NOX1 knockdown and selective NOX inhibitors, ML171 and apocynin, significantly reduced hA-induced mitochondrial stress in insulinoma beta-cells. However, NOX inhibitors were largely ineffective against hA-evoked redox stress and activation of cytotoxic ASK1/JNK signaling complex. Thus, our studies suggest that NOX1 and ASK1 autonomously mediate human amylin-evoked redox and mitochondrial stress in pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | | | - Satyabrata Pany
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Myungkuk Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Noor Zaghlula
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Aleksandar M Jeremic
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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148
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Rahman MM, Uson-Lopez RA, Sikder MT, Tan G, Hosokawa T, Saito T, Kurasaki M. Ameliorative effects of selenium on arsenic-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells via modulating autophagy/apoptosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:453-466. [PMID: 29324385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is well known toxicant responsible for human diseases including cancers. On the other hand, selenium is an essential trace element with significant chemopreventive effects, anticancer potentials and antioxidant properties. Although previous studies have reported antagonism/synergism between arsenic and selenium in biological systems, the biomolecular mechanism/s is still inconclusive. Therefore, to elucidate the molecular phenomena in cellular level, we hypothesized that co-exposure of selenium with arsenic may have suppressive effects on arsenic-induced cytotoxicity. We found that selenium in co-exposure with arsenic increases cell viability, and suppresses oxidative stress induced by arsenic in PC12 cells. Consequently, DNA fragmentation due to arsenic exposure was also reduced by arsenic and selenium co-exposure. Furthermore, western blot analyses revealed that simultaneous exposure of both metals significantly inhibited autophagy which further suppressed apoptosis through positively regulation of key proteins; p-mTOR, p-Akt, p-Foxo1A, p62, and expression of ubiquitin, Bax, Bcl2, NFкB, and caspases 3 and 9, although those are negatively regulated by arsenic. In addition, reverse transcriptase PCR analysis confirmed the involvement of caspase cascade in cell death process induced by arsenic and subsequent inhibition by co-exposure of selenium with arsenic. The cellular accumulation study of arsenic in presence/absence of selenium via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry confirmed that selenium effectively retarded the uptake of arsenic in PC12 cells. Finally, these findings imply that selenium is capable to modulate arsenic-induced intrinsic apoptosis pathway via enhancement of mTOR/Akt autophagy signaling pathway through employing antioxidant potentials and through inhibiting the cellular accumulation of arsenic in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Gongxun Tan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hosokawa
- Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan; Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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149
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Yang X, Zhan Y, Sun Q, Xu X, Kong Y, Zhang J. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate blocks acetaminophen toxicity by increasing ubiquitination-mediated ASK1 degradation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:6273-6282. [PMID: 28031524 PMCID: PMC5351630 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most frequent cause of drug-induced liver failure in the world. Hepatic c-jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) activation is thought to be a consequence of oxidative stress produced during APAP metabolism. Activation of JNK signals causes hepatocellular damage with necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Here we found that APAP caused a feedback increase in plasma adenosine 5′-monophsphate (5′-AMP). We demonstrated that co-administration of APAP and 5′-AMP significantly ameliorated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice, without influences on APAP metabolism and its analgesic function. The mechanism of protection by 5′-AMP was through inhibiting APAP-induced activation of JNK, and attenuating downstream c-jun and c-fos gene expression. This was triggered by attenuating apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1(ASK1) methylation and increasing ubiquitination-mediated ASK1 protein degradation. Our findings indicate that replacing the current APAP with a safe and functional APAP/5′-AMP formulation could prevent APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yibei Zhan
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yi Kong
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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150
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Frinchi M, Mudò G, Serio RM, Belluardo N, Buccella S, Carluccio M, Condorelli DF, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Uncovering the Signaling Pathway behind Extracellular Guanine-Induced Activation of NO System: New Perspectives in Memory-Related Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:110. [PMID: 29515443 PMCID: PMC5826394 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the guanine-based purines stand out as key player in cell metabolism and in several models of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Guanosine (GUO) and guanine (GUA) are extracellular signaling molecules derived from the breakdown of the correspondent nucleotide, GTP, and their intracellular and extracellular levels are regulated by the fine-tuned activity of two major enzymes, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and guanine deaminase (GDA). Noteworthy, GUO and GUA, seem to play opposite roles in the modulation of cognitive functions, such as learning and memory. Indeed GUO, despite exerting neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic and neurotrophic effects, causes a decay of cognitive activities, whereas GUA administration in rats results in working memory improvement (prevented by L-NAME pre-treatment). This study was designed to investigate, in a model of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line, the signal transduction pathway activated by extracellular GUA. Altogether, our results showed that: (i) in addition to an enhanced phosphorylation of ASK1, p38 and JNK, likely linked to a non-massive and transient ROS production, the PKB/NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG/ERK cascade seems to be the main signaling pathway elicited by extracellular GUA; (ii) the activation of this pathway occurs in a pertussis-toxin sensitive manner, thus suggesting the involvement of a putative G protein coupled receptor; (iii) the GUA-induced NO production, strongly reduced by cell pre-treatment with L-NAME, is negatively modulated by the EPAC-cAMP-CaMKII pathway, which causes the over-expression of GDA that, in turn, reduces the levels of GUA. These molecular mechanisms activated by GUA may be useful to support our previous observation showing that GUA improves learning and memory functions through the stimulation of NO signaling pathway, and underscore the therapeutic potential of oral administration of guanine for treating memory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvana Buccella
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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