101
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Zhang W, Huang D, Zhao F, Gao W, Sun L, Li X, Chen X. Synergistic effect of strontium and silicon in strontium-substituted sub-micron bioactive glass for enhanced osteogenesis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 89:245-255. [PMID: 29752095 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Strontium-substituted sub-micron bioactive glasses (Sr-SBG) have been reported to have enhanced osteogenic differentiation capacity compared to sub-micron bioactive glasses (SBG) in our previous study. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of such beneficial effect of Sr-SBG are still not fully understood. In this study, we synthesized Sr-SBG, studied the effects of Sr-SBG on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs), and identified the molecular mechanisms of the enhancement effect of Sr-SBG on mMSCs. The results demonstrated that Sr-SBG had more profound promotion effect on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mMSCs than SBG and SrCl2 group which containing identical Sr concentration with Sr-SBG group. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis showed that the mRNA expressions and protein expressions involved in NFATc and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways were all upregulated mediated by Sr-SBG, while only Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related genes upregulated in SBG group and only NFATc signaling pathway activated in SrCl2 group, suggesting that NFATc and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways played important roles in osteogenesis enhancement induced by Sr-SBG. To conform the above conclusion, cyclosporin A (CSA) was applied to inhibit NFATc signaling pathway. It was found that the enhanced osteogenic differentiation of mMSCs induced by Sr-SBG was partially abrogated and the activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was also inhibited in part. However, the effects of SBG on proliferation and osteogenesis of mMSCs were unimpaired, yet the effects of SrCl2 were greatly suppressed. Taken together, these results indicated that strontium activated NFATc signaling pathway and silicate activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might synergistically mediated the enhanced osteogenesis induced by Sr-SBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deqiu Huang
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Fujian Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wendong Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luyao Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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102
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Ding H, Jin M, Liu D, Wang S, Zhang J, Song X, Huang R. Tenascin‑C promotes the migration of bone marrow stem cells via toll‑like receptor 4‑mediated signaling pathways: MAPK, AKT and Wnt. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7603-7610. [PMID: 29620204 PMCID: PMC5983947 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently limitations in stem cell therapy due to the low rate of homing and proliferation of cells following transplantation. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Tenascin-C (TN-C) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and its underlying mechanisms. BMSCs were obtained from C57BL/6 mice. The survival and proliferation of BMSCs was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, migration was evaluated using the Transwell method, and differentiation was assessed by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. In addition, the levels of proteins were detected by western blotting. High concentrations of TN-C promoted the migration of BMSCs. H2O2 at concentrations of 60–90 µmol/ml induced cell death in BMSCs, and thus, it was used to simulate oxidative stress in the microenvironment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). High concentrations of TN-C were able to protect BMSCs from cell death, and promoted the migration of BMSCs (P<0.05). However, TAK-242 [the inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 4, (TLR4)] reduced the promoting effect of TN-C (P<0.05). By contrast, TN-C had no effect on the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs. TN-C reduced the phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and increased the phosphorylation levels of Ser473 protein kinase B (AKT) and β-catenin, all of which were inhibited by TAK-242 (P<0.05). In the simulated AMI microenvironment, TN-C promoted the migration of BMSCs via TLR4-mediated signaling pathways, including MAPK, AKT and Wnt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Dai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Pharmacy, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Xiantao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Rongchong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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103
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Yeh SCA, Wilk K, Lin CP, Intini G. In Vivo 3D Histomorphometry Quantifies Bone Apposition and Skeletal Progenitor Cell Differentiation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5580. [PMID: 29615817 PMCID: PMC5882859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histomorphometry and Micro-CT are commonly used to assess bone remodeling and bone microarchitecture. These approaches typically require separate cohorts of animals to analyze 3D morphological changes and involve time-consuming immunohistochemistry preparation. Intravital Microscopy (IVM) in combination with mouse genetics may represent an attractive option to obtain bone architectural measurements while performing longitudinal monitoring of dynamic cellular processes in vivo. In this study we utilized two-photon, multicolor fluorescence IVM together with a lineage tracing reporter mouse model to image skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in their calvarial suture niche and analyze their differentiation fate after stimulation with an agonist of the canonical Wnt pathway (recombinant Wnt3a). Our in vivo histomorphometry analyses of bone formation, suture volume, and cellular dynamics showed that recombinant Wnt3a induces new bone formation, differentiation and incorporation of SSCs progeny into newly forming bone. IVM technology can therefore provide additional dynamic 3D information to the traditional static 2D histomorphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chi A Yeh
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Katarzyna Wilk
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles P Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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104
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Abstract
Human stem cells hold significant potential for the treatment of various diseases. However, their use as a therapy is hampered because of limited understanding of the mechanisms by which they respond to environmental stimuli. Efforts to understand extracellular biophysical cues have demonstrated the critical roles of geometrical and mechanical signals in determining the fate of stem cells. The goal of this study was to explore the interplay between cell polarity and matrix stiffness in stem cell lineage specification. We hypothesize that confining cells to asymmetric extracellular matrix islands will impart polarity at a single-cell level and will interact with mechanical signals to define the lineage of stem cells. To test these hypotheses, we employed microcontact printing to create patterned symmetric and asymmetric hydrogel islands of soft and hard surface stiffness. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were confined to these islands at the single-cell level and given the ability to differentiate along adipogenic or osteogenic routes. Our results demonstrated that cell polarity defines the lineage specification of hMSCs only on islands with low stiffness. Insight gained from this study provides a rational basis for designing stem cell cultures to enhance tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies.
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105
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Majidinia M, Aghazadeh J, Jahanban‐Esfahlani R, Yousefi B. The roles of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in tissue development and regenerative medicine. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5598-5612. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research CenterUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Javad Aghazadeh
- Department of NeurosurgeryUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Rana Jahanban‐Esfahlani
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine InstituteTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Molecular Targeting Therapy Research GroupFaculty of MedicineTabriz University ofMedical SciencesTabrizIran
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106
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IWR-1, a tankyrase inhibitor, attenuates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancer stem-like cells and inhibits in vivo the growth of a subcutaneous human osteosarcoma xenograft. Cancer Lett 2018; 414:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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107
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Sun T, Wang M, Shao Y, Wang L, Zhu Y. The Effect and Osteoblast Signaling Response of Trace Silicon Doping Hydroxyapatite. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 181:82-94. [PMID: 28456913 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that silicon-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) can achieve good repair effects for both spinal fusion and bone defect filling. However, the underlying mechanism by which silicon aids such beneficial effects is still not fully understood. Herein, we report on silicon-doped hydroxyapatites with excellent biocompatibility to osteoblast cells and suggest the signaling pathway involved. Non-doped HAp and trace Si-doped HAp (Si/HAp) with Si concentration close to and higher than natural bones were synthesized (i.e., 32, 260, and 2000 ppm Si). The composition, crystal lattice vibration pattern, and morphology of these samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and SEM, respectively. Positive biological activities of these Si-doped HAp materials were demonstrated through a cytotoxicity study and with the MTT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays. The Si-doped samples were not toxic to MC3T3-E1 cells. Indeed, osteoblast proliferation measurement illustrated that 2000 ppm Si-doped HAp increased osteoblast proliferation by about 1.6 times compared to non-doped HAp. The ALP assay also proves that the trace Si doping has the function to enhance cell proliferation and differentiation. The ALP assay showed that Si doping also enhanced cell differentiation. QRT-PCR results revealed that Si-doped HAp enhanced osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast cells by upregulating genes such as MAPK3, Fzd1, Wnt1, Lrp6, and BMP2. In conclusion, Si-doped HAp promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK signaling pathways. This work could provide useful information of the beneficial effects of silicon in human bones and provide clues as to the molecular mechanism of the promotive effect of Si-doped HAp biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiran Shao
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingchun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials CAS, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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108
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Simones AA, Beisang DJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Roberts KD. Mesenchymal stem cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a clinical review. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:308-317. [PMID: 28945702 PMCID: PMC5895100 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in neonatal medicine have led to increased survival of infants born at the limits of viability, resulting in an increased incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a chronic lung disease of premature infants characterized by the arrest of alveolarization, fibroblast activation, and inflammation. BPD leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period and is one of the leading causes of chronic lung disease in children. The past decade has brought a surge of trials investigating cellular therapies for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of particular interest because of their ease of isolation, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory and reparative properties. Clinical trials of MSCs have demonstrated short-term safety and tolerability; however, studies have also shown populations of MSCs with adverse pro-inflammatory and myofibroblastic characteristics. Cell-based therapies may represent the next breakthrough therapy for the treatment of BPD, however, there remain barriers to implementation as well as gaps in knowledge of the role of endogenous MSCs in the pathogenesis of BPD. Concurrent high-quality basic science, translational, and clinical studies investigating the fundamental pathophysiology underlying BPD, therapeutic mechanisms of exogenous MSCs, and logistics of translating cellular therapies will be important areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann A. Simones
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J. Beisang
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Kari D. Roberts
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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109
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Rotherham M, Henstock JR, Qutachi O, El Haj AJ. Remote regulation of magnetic particle targeted Wnt signaling for bone tissue engineering. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:173-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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110
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Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Enhances the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells by Notch, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt/β-catenin Signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15321. [PMID: 29127399 PMCID: PMC5681501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation play a pivotal role in the repair of brain function in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) is a non-invasive and innovative treatment for many conditions, yet little is known about the effects of this treatment on NSCs. Mouse NSCs (NE-4C) were exposed to rESWT with 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 bar (500 impulses, and 2 Hz) in vitro. Cell viability test results indicated that rESWT, at a dose of 2.5 bar, 500 impulses, and 2 Hz, increased NE-4C viability within 72 h, and that the PI3K/AKT pathway was involved in its mechanisms. Exposure to rESWT also affected proliferation and differentiation of NE-4C after 8 weeks, which may be associated with Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways. This assessment is corroborated by the ability of inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin [Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1)] and the Notch pathway (DAPT) to weaken proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In summary, a proper dose of rESWT enhanced NSCs augment via the PI3K/AKT pathway initially. Also, Wnt/β-catenin and the Notch pathway play important roles in regulation of the long-term efficacy of rESWT. This study reveals a novel approach to culture NSCs in vitro and support neurogenesis.
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111
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Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals potentially novel roles of Homeobox genes in adipose deposition in fat-tailed sheep. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14491. [PMID: 29101335 PMCID: PMC5670210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues are phenotypically, metabolically and functionally heterogeneous based on the sites of their deposition. Undesirable fat deposits in the body are often detrimental to animal and human health. To unravel the potential underlying mechanisms governing accumulation of adipose tissues in various regions of the body, i.e., subcutaneous (SAT), visceral (VAT) and tail (TAT), we profiled transcriptomes from Tan sheep, a Chinese indigenous breed with notable fat tail using RNA-seq. Upon comparison, we identified a total of 1,058 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the three adipose types (218, 324, and 795 in SAT/VAT, SAT/TAT, and VAT/TAT, respectively), from which several known key players were identified that are involved in lipid metabolic process, Wnt signals, Vitamin A metabolism, and transcriptional regulation of adipocyte differentiation. We also found that many elevated genes in VAT were notably enriched for key biological processes such as cytokine secretion, signaling molecule interaction and immune systems. Several developmental genes including HOXC11, HOXC12 and HOXC13, and adipose-expressed genes in the tail region, such as HOTAIR_2, HOTAIR_3 and SP9 were specially highlighted, indicating their strong associations with tail fat development in fat-tailed sheep. Our results provide new insight into exploring the specific fat deposition in tail, also contribute to the understanding of differences between adipose depots.
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112
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Li Z, Pan J, Ma J, Zhang Z, Bai Y. Microarray gene expression of periosteum in spontaneous bone regeneration of mandibular segmental defects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13535. [PMID: 29051537 PMCID: PMC5648814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous bone regeneration could occur to reestablish mandibular bony continuity in patients who underwent partial or total mandibulectomy for tumors with periosteum-preserving. However, scarce data is available related to the precise role of periosteum in this bone regeneration. Therefore we aimed to investigate the gene expression of periosteum that were involved in the mandibular bone regeneration. Mandibular segmental defects were created in six mini-pigs with periosteum preserved. The periosteum of defects and control site were harvested at 1 and 2 weeks. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the mechanisms concerning immature wound healing were clearly up-regulated at week 1. In contrast, by week-2, the GO categories of skeletal development, ossification and bone mineralization were significantly over-represented at week-2 with several genes encoding cell differentiation, extracellular matrix formation, and anatomical structure development. Furthermore, Tgfβ/Bmp, Wnt and Notch signaling were all related to the osteogenic process in this study. Besides osteogenesis, genes related to angiogenesis and neurogenesis were also prominent at week-2. These findings revealed that the gene expression profile of the periosteum’s cells participating in bone regeneration varied in different time points, and numbers of candidate genes that differentially expressed during early healing stages of intramembranous bone regeneration were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juli Pan
- School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Ma
- School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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113
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Kropski JA, Richmond BW, Gaskill CF, Foronjy RF, Majka SM. Deregulated angiogenesis in chronic lung diseases: a possible role for lung mesenchymal progenitor cells (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2017; 8:2045893217739807. [PMID: 29040010 PMCID: PMC5731726 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217739807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung disease (CLD), including pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Both are debilitating pathologies that impede overall tissue function. A common co-morbidity in CLD is vasculopathy, characterized by deregulated angiogenesis, remodeling, and loss of microvessels. This substantially worsens prognosis and limits survival, with most current therapeutic strategies being largely palliative. The relevance of angiogenesis, both capillary and lymph, to the pathophysiology of CLD has not been resolved as conflicting evidence depicts angiogenesis as both reparative or pathologic. Therefore, we must begin to understand and model the underlying pathobiology of pulmonary vascular deregulation, alone and in response to injury induced disease, to define cell interactions necessary to maintain normal function and promote repair. Capillary and lymphangiogenesis are deregulated in both PF and COPD, although the mechanisms by which they co-regulate and underlie early pathogenesis of disease are unknown. The cell-specific mechanisms that regulate lung vascular homeostasis, repair, and remodeling represent a significant gap in knowledge, which presents an opportunity to develop targeted therapies. We have shown that that ABCG2pos multipotent adult mesenchymal stem or progenitor cells (MPC) influence the function of the capillary microvasculature as well as lymphangiogenesis. A balance of both is required for normal tissue homeostasis and repair. Our current models suggest that when lymph and capillary angiogenesis are out of balance, the non-equivalence appears to support the progression of disease and tissue remodeling. The angiogenic regulatory mechanisms underlying CLD likely impact other interstitial lung diseases, tuberous sclerosis, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kropski
- 1 12328 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- 1 12328 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christa F Gaskill
- 1 12328 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert F Foronjy
- 3 5718 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Susan M Majka
- 1 12328 Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,2 74498 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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114
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Moon JS, Ko HM, Park JI, Kim JH, Kim SH, Kim MS. Inhibition of human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation via Wnt signaling activation. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1670-1678. [PMID: 28776719 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), characterized by rapid in vitro expandability and multi-differentiation potential, have been widely used in the clinical field of tissue engineering. Recent studies have shown that various signaling networks are involved in the growth and differentiation of hMSCs. Although Wnts and their downstream signaling components have been implicated in the regulation of hMSCs, the role of Wnt signaling in hMSC self-renewal is still controversial. Here, it was observed that activation of endogenous canonical Wnt signaling with LiCl, which decreased β-catenin phosphorylation, leads to a decrease in hMSC proliferation. The fact that this growth arrest is not linked to apoptosis was verified by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide assay. It was associated with sealing off of the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle accompanied by changes in expression of cell cycle-associated genes such as cyclin A and D. In addition, activation of Wnt signaling during hMSC proliferation seemed to reduce their clonogenic potential. On the contrary, Wnt signaling activation during hMSC proliferation had little effect on the osteogenic differentiation capability of cells. These findings show that canonical Wnt signaling is a critical regulator of hMSC proliferation and clonogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun-Mi Ko
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon, Korea
| | - Ji-Il Park
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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115
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Zhang X, Chen Q, Liu J, Fan C, Wei Q, Chen Z, Mao X. Parthenolide Promotes Differentiation of Osteoblasts Through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Inflammatory Environments. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:406-414. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xufang Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingpiao Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Fan
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zetao Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Mao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Öztürk E, Despot-Slade E, Pichler M, Zenobi-Wong M. RhoA activation and nuclearization marks loss of chondrocyte phenotype in crosstalk with Wnt pathway. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:113-124. [PMID: 28865751 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
De-differentiation comprises a major drawback for the use of autologous chondrocytes in cartilage repair. Here, we investigate the role of RhoA and canonical Wnt signaling in chondrocyte phenotype. Chondrocyte de-differentiation is accompanied by an upregulation and nuclear localization of RhoA. Effectors of canonical Wnt signaling including β-catenin and YAP/TAZ are upregulated in de-differentiating chondrocytes in a Rho-dependent manner. Inhibition of Rho activation with C3 transferase inhibits nuclear localization of RhoA, induces expression of chondrogenic markers on 2D and enhances the chondrogenic effect of 3D culturing. Upregulation of chondrogenic markers by Rho inhibition is accompanied by loss of canonical Wnt signaling markers in 3D or on 2D whereas treatment of chondrocytes with Wnt-3a abrogates this effect. However, induction of canonical Wnt signaling inhibits chondrogenic markers on 2D but enhances chondrogenic re-differentiation on 2D with C3 transferase or in 3D. These data provide insights on the context-dependent role of RhoA and Wnt signaling in de-differentiation and on mechanisms to induce chondrogenic markers for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Öztürk
- Cartilage Engineering + Regeneration Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evelin Despot-Slade
- Cartilage Engineering + Regeneration Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Pichler
- Cartilage Engineering + Regeneration Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Cartilage Engineering + Regeneration Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Dadashpour M, Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi Y, Zarghami N, Firouzi-Amandi A, Pourhassan-Moghaddam M, Nouri M. Emerging Importance of Phytochemicals in Regulation of Stem Cells Fate via Signaling Pathways. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1651-1668. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Younes Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Pourhassan-Moghaddam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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Li R, Xu J, Wong DSH, Li J, Zhao P, Bian L. Self-assembled N-cadherin mimetic peptide hydrogels promote the chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells through inhibition of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Biomaterials 2017; 145:33-43. [PMID: 28843065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-cadherin, a transmembrane protein and major component of adherens junction, mediates cell-cell interactions and intracellular signaling that are important to the regulation of cell behaviors and organ development. Previous studies have identified mimetic peptides that possess similar bioactivity as that of N-cadherin, which promotes chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs); however, the molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we combined the N-cadherin mimetic peptide (HAVDI) with the self-assembling KLD-12 peptide: the resultant peptide is capable of self-assembling into hydrogels functionalized with N-cadherin peptide in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C. Encapsulation of hMSCs in these hydrogels showed enhanced expression of chondrogenic marker genes and deposition of cartilage specific extracellular matrix rich in proteoglycan and Type II Collagen compared to control hydrogels, with a scrambled-sequence peptide after 14 days of chondrogenic culture. Furthermore, western blot showed a significantly higher expression of active glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which phosphorylates β-catenin and facilitates ubiquitin-mediated degradation, as well as a lower expression of β-catenin and LEF1 in the N-cadherin peptide hydrogels versus controls. Immunofluorescence staining revealed significantly less nuclear localization of β-catenin in N-cadherin mimetic peptide hydrogels. Our findings suggest that N-cadherin peptide hydrogels suppress canonical Wnt signaling in hMSCs by reducing β-catenin nuclear translocation and the associated transcriptional activity of β-catenin/LEF-1/TCF complex, thereby enhancing the chondrogenesis of hMSCs. Our biomimetic self-assembled peptide hydrogels can serve as a tailorable and versatile three-dimensional culture platform to investigate the effect of biofunctionalization on stem cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Dexter Siu Hong Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Jinming Li
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Pengchao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORaMed), Hangzhou, PR China; Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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119
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Li X, Yue S, Luo Z. Mesenchymal stem cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102600-102616. [PMID: 29254275 PMCID: PMC5731985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a major cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients and common outcome of various lung interstitial diseases. Its mortality remains high, and no effective pharmacotherapy, in addition to artificial ventilation and transplantation, exists. As such, the administration of mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) is currently investigated as a new therapeutic method for pulmonary fibrosis. Clinical trials on MSC-based therapy as a potential treatment for lung injury and fibrosis are also performed. MSCs can migrate to injured sites and secrete multiple paracrine factors and then regulate endothelial and epithelial permeability, decrease inflammation, enhance tissue repair, and inhibit bacterial growth. In this review, recent studies on stem cells, particularly MSCs, involved in alleviating lung inflammation and fibrosis and their potential MSC-induced mechanisms, including migration and differentiation, soluble factor and extracellular vesicle secretion, and endogenous regulatory functions, were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaojie Yue
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziqiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Murakami T, Saitoh I, Sato M, Inada E, Soda M, Oda M, Domon H, Iwase Y, Sawami T, Matsueda K, Terao Y, Ohshima H, Noguchi H, Hayasaki H. Isolation and characterization of lymphoid enhancer factor-1-positive deciduous dental pulp stem-like cells after transfection with a piggyBac vector containing LEF1 promoter-driven selection markers. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:110-120. [PMID: 28500952 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) is a 48-kD nuclear protein that is expressed in pre-B and T cells. LEF1 is also an important member of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that plays important roles in the self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. We speculated that LEF1 might function in the stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). In this study, we attempted to isolate such LEF1-positive cells from human deciduous dental pulp cells (HDDPCs) by genetic engineering technology, using the human LEF1 promoter. DESIGN A piggyBac transposon plasmid (pTA-LEN) was introduced into HDDPCs, using the Neon® transfection system. After G418 selection, the emerging colonies were assessed for EGFP-derived fluorescence by fluorescence microscopy. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed using RNA isolated from these colonies to examine stem cell-specific transcript expression. Osteoblastic or neuronal differentiation was induced by cultivating the LEF1-positive cells with differentiation-inducing medium. RESULTS RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of several stem cell markers, including OCT3/4, SOX2, REX1, and NANOG, in LEF1-positive HDDPCs, which could be differentiated into osteoblasts and neuronal cells. CONCLUSIONS The isolated LEF1-positive HDDPCs exhibited the properties of stem cells, suggesting that LEF1 might serve as a marker for SHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Murakami
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Emi Inada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miki Soda
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masataka Oda
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control Science Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoko Iwase
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sawami
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazunari Matsueda
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Graduate University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Haruaki Hayasaki
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Song Y, Oh GH, Kim MB, Hwang JK. Fucosterol inhibits adipogenesis through the activation of AMPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:489-494. [PMID: 30263569 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosterol is a sterol constituent primarily derived from brown algae. Recently, the antiadipogenic effect of fucosterol has been reported; however, its molecular mechanism remains to be studied. Fucosterol effectively upregulated the phosphorylations of both adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and downregulated the expression levels of lipogenesis-related factors. Moreover, fucosterol activated the major components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, including β-catenin, disheveled 2 (DVL2), and cyclin D1 (CCND1), whereas it inactivated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β) by stimulating its phosphorylation. In the presence or absence of fucosterol, the adipogenic transcriptional factors [peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c)] were upregulated by the inhibition of AMPK by compound C or the knockdown of β-catenin by siRNA. Overall, these data demonstrate that fucosterol prevents adipogenesis by mediating both AMPK- and Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Song
- 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea
| | - Ga Hui Oh
- 2Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea.,2Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea
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122
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Jahan S, Singh S, Srivastava A, Kumar V, Kumar D, Pandey A, Rajpurohit CS, Purohit AR, Khanna VK, Pant AB. PKA-GSK3β and β-Catenin Signaling Play a Critical Role in Trans-Resveratrol Mediated Neuronal Differentiation in Human Cord Blood Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2828-2839. [PMID: 28455695 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of resveratrol (RV), a natural polyphenol, is well documented, although its role on neurogenesis is still controversial and poorly understood. Therefore, to decipher the cellular insights of RV on neurogenesis, we investigated the potential effects of the compound on the survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation of human cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hCBMSCs). For neuronal differentiation, purified and characterized hCBMSCs were exposed to biological safe doses of RV (10 μM) alone and in combination with nerve growth factor (NGF-50 ng). The cells exposed only to NGF (50 ng/mL) served as positive control for neuronal differentiation. The genes showing significant involvement in the process of neuronal differentiation were further funneled down at transcriptional and translational level. It was observed that RV promotes PKA-mediated neuronal differentiation in hCBMSCs by inducing canonical pathway. The studies with pharmacological inhibitors also confirmed that PKA significantly induces β-catenin expression via GSK3β induction and stimulates CREB phosphorylation and pERK1/2 induction. Besides that, the studies also revealed that RV additionally possesses the binding sites for molecules other than PKA and GSK3β, with which it interacts. The present study therefore highlights the positive impact of RV over the survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation in hCBMSCs via PKA-mediated induction of GSK3β, β catenin, CREB, and ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jahan
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - S Singh
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - A Srivastava
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- BBD College of Dental Sciences, BBD University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Kumar
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - D Kumar
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - A Pandey
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - C S Rajpurohit
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - A R Purohit
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - V K Khanna
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - A B Pant
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
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Batsali AK, Pontikoglou C, Koutroulakis D, Pavlaki KI, Damianaki A, Mavroudi I, Alpantaki K, Kouvidi E, Kontakis G, Papadaki HA. Differential expression of cell cycle and WNT pathway-related genes accounts for differences in the growth and differentiation potential of Wharton's jelly and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:102. [PMID: 28446235 PMCID: PMC5406919 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In view of the current interest in exploring the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources, we performed a side-by-side comparison of the biological properties of MSCs isolated from the Wharton’s jelly (WJ), the most abundant MSC source in umbilical cord, with bone marrow (BM)-MSCs, the most extensively studied MSC population. Methods MSCs were isolated and expanded from BM aspirates of hematologically healthy donors (n = 18) and from the WJ of full-term neonates (n = 18). We evaluated, in parallel experiments, the MSC immunophenotypic, survival and senescence characteristics as well as their proliferative potential and cell cycle distribution. We also assessed the expression of genes associated with the WNT- and cell cycle-signaling pathway and we performed karyotypic analysis through passages to evaluate the MSC genomic stability. The hematopoiesis-supporting capacity of MSCs from both sources was investigated by evaluating the clonogenic cells in the non-adherent fraction of MSC co-cultures with BM or umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and by measuring the hematopoietic cytokines levels in MSC culture supernatants. Finally, we evaluated the ability of MSCs to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes and the effect of the WNT-associated molecules WISP-1 and sFRP4 on the differentiation potential of WJ-MSCs. Results Both ex vivo-expanded MSC populations showed similar morphologic, immunophenotypic, survival and senescence characteristics and acquired genomic alterations at low frequency during passages. WJ-MSCs exhibited higher proliferative potential, possibly due to upregulation of genes that stimulate cell proliferation along with downregulation of genes related to cell cycle inhibition. WJ-MSCs displayed inferior lineage priming and differentiation capacity toward osteocytes and adipocytes, compared to BM-MSCs. This finding was associated with differential expression of molecules related to WNT signaling, including WISP1 and sFRP4, the respective role of which in the differentiation potential of WJ-MSCs was specifically investigated. Interestingly, treatment of WJ-MSCs with recombinant human WISP1 or sFRP4 resulted in induction of osteogenesis and adipogenesis, respectively. WJ-MSCs exhibited inferior hematopoiesis-supporting potential probably due to reduced production of stromal cell-Derived Factor-1α, compared to BM-MSCs. Conclusions Overall, these data are anticipated to contribute to the better characterization of WJ-MSCs and BM-MSCs for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea K Batsali
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.,Graduate Program "Molecular Basis of Human Disease", University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Koutroulakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | - Irene Mavroudi
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Alpantaki
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - George Kontakis
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
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Li X, He L, Yue Q, Lu J, Kang N, Xu X, Wang H, Zhang H. MiR-9-5p promotes MSC migration by activating β-catenin signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C80-C93. [PMID: 28424168 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00232.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to treat various tissue damages, but the very limited number of cells that migrate to the damaged region strongly restricts their therapeutic applications. Full understanding of mechanisms regulating MSC migration will help to improve their migration ability and therapeutic effects. Increasing evidence shows that microRNAs play important roles in the regulation of MSC migration. In the present study, we reported that miR-9-5p was upregulated in hepatocyte growth factor -treated MSCs and in MSCs with high migration ability. Overexpression of miR-9-5p promoted MSC migration, whereas inhibition of endogenous miR-9-5p decreased MSC migration. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we screened the target genes of miR-9-5p and report for the first time that CK1α and GSK3β, two inhibitors of β-catenin signaling pathway, were direct targets of miR-9-5p in MSCs and that overexpression of miR-9-5p upregulated β-catenin signaling pathway. In line with these data, inhibition of β-catenin signaling pathway by FH535 decreased the miR-9-5p-promoted migration of MSCs, while activation of β-catenin signaling pathway by LiCl rescued the impaired migration of MSCs triggered by miR-9-5p inhibitor. Furthermore, the formation and distribution of focal adhesions as well as the reorganization of F-actin were affected by the expression of miR-9-5p. Collectively, these results demonstrate that miR-9-5p promotes MSC migration by upregulating β-catenin signaling pathway, shedding light on the optimization of MSCs for cell replacement therapy through manipulating the expression level of miR-9-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Lihong He
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Junhou Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Naixin Kang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Suzhou, China
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Ahrens LAJ, Vonwil D, Christensen J, Shastri VP. Gelatin device for the delivery of growth factors involved in endochondral ossification. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175095. [PMID: 28380024 PMCID: PMC5381949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled release drug delivery systems are well established as oral and implantable dosage forms. However, the controlled release paradigm can also be used to present complex soluble signals responsible for cellular organization during development. Endochondral ossification (EO), the developmental process of bone formation from a cartilage matrix is controlled by several soluble signals with distinct functions that vary in structure, molecular weight and stability. This makes delivering them from a single vehicle rather challenging. Herein, a gelatin-based delivery system suitable for the delivery of small molecules as well as recombinant human (rh) proteins (rhWNT3A, rhFGF2, rhVEGF, rhBMP4) is reported. The release behavior and biological activity of the released molecules was validated using analytical and biological assays, including cell reporter systems. The simplicity of fabrication of the gelatin device should foster its adaptation by the diverse scientific community interested in interrogating developmental processes, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A. J. Ahrens
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Hermann Staudinger Haus, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Vonwil
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Hermann Staudinger Haus, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jon Christensen
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Hermann Staudinger Haus, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - V. Prasad Shastri
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Hermann Staudinger Haus, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Portillo MR, Rodríguez-Ortiz ME. Secondary Hyperparthyroidism: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017; 18:79-95. [PMID: 28378123 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-017-9421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uremic secondary hyperparathyroidism is a multifactorial and complex disease often present in advanced stages of chronic kidney disease. The accumulation of phosphate, the increased FGF23 levels, the reduction in active vitamin D production, and the tendency to hypocalcemia are persistent stimuli for the development and progression of parathyroid hyperplasia with increased secretion of PTH. Parathyroid proliferation may become nodular mainly in cases of advanced hyperparathyroidism. The alterations in the regulation of mineral metabolism, the development of bone disease and extraosseous calcifications are essential components of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder and have been associated with negative outcomes. The management of hyperparathyroidism includes the correction of vitamin D deficiency and control of serum phosphorus and PTH without inducing hypercalcemia. An update of the leading therapeutic tools available for the prevention and clinical management of secondary hyperparathyroidism, its diagnosis, and the main mechanisms and factors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease will be described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Rodríguez Portillo
- Nephrology Service, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, S/N, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- REDinREN, Madrid, Spain.
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Sivakamasundari V, Kraus P, Sun W, Hu X, Lim SL, Prabhakar S, Lufkin T. A developmental transcriptomic analysis of Pax1 and Pax9 in embryonic intervertebral disc development. Biol Open 2017; 6:187-199. [PMID: 28011632 PMCID: PMC5312110 DOI: 10.1242/bio.023218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pax1 and Pax9 play redundant, synergistic functions in the patterning and differentiation of the sclerotomal cells that give rise to the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs (IVD) of the axial skeleton. They are conserved in mice and humans, whereby mutation/deficiency of human PAX1/PAX9 has been associated with kyphoscoliosis. By combining cell-type-specific transcriptome and ChIP-sequencing data, we identified the roles of Pax1/Pax9 in cell proliferation, cartilage development and collagen fibrillogenesis, which are vital in early IVD morphogenesis. Pax1 is up-regulated in the absence of Pax9, while Pax9 is unaffected by the loss of Pax1/Pax9 We identified the targets compensated by a single- or double-copy of Pax9 They positively regulate many of the cartilage genes known to be regulated by Sox5/Sox6/Sox9 and are connected to Sox5/Sox6 by a negative feedback loop. Pax1/Pax9 are intertwined with BMP and TGF-B pathways and we propose they initiate expression of chondrogenic genes during early IVD differentiation and subsequently become restricted to the outer annulus by the negative feedback mechanism. Our findings highlight how early IVD development is regulated spatio-temporally and have implications for understanding kyphoscoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sivakamasundari
- The Single Cell Biology Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Petra Kraus
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Siew Lan Lim
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Thomas Lufkin
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
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Shima H, Yamada A, Ishikawa T, Endo I. Are breast cancer stem cells the key to resolving clinical issues in breast cancer therapy? Gland Surg 2017; 6:82-88. [PMID: 28210556 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2016.08.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the dramatic advances in breast cancer treatment over the past two decades, it is still the most common malignancies in women. One of the reasons patients succumb to breast cancer is treatment resistance leading to metastasis and recurrence. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been suggested as a cause of metastasis and recurrence in several cancers because of their unique characteristics, including self-renewal, pluripotency, and high proliferative ability. Increasing evidence has implicated breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) as essential for tumor development, progression, recurrence, and treatment resistance. BCSCs exhibit resistance to treatment owing to several inter-related factors, including overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and increased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, DNA repair, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. In addition, the Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt signaling pathways have been suggested as the major pathways involved in the self-renewal and differentiation of BCSCs. Despite growing evidence suggesting the importance of BCSCs in progression and metastasis, clear criteria for the identification of BCSCs in clinical practice have yet to be established. Several potential markers have been suggested, including CD44+/CD24-/low, ALDH1, EpCAM/ESA, and nestin; however, there is no standard method to detect BCSCs. Triple-negative breast cancer, which shows initial chemosensitivity, demonstrates worsened prognosis due to therapy resistance, which might be related to the presence of BCSCs. Several clinical trials aimed at the identification of BCSCs or the development of BCSC-targeted therapy are in progress. Determining the clinical relevance of BCSCs may provide clues for overcoming therapy resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Shima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast disease, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling via GSK3 inhibitors direct differentiation of human adipose stem cells into functional hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40716. [PMID: 28094799 PMCID: PMC5240561 DOI: 10.1038/srep40716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of hepatocytes that are derived from human adipose stem cells (hASCs) represents an alternative to human hepatocytes for individualized therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. However, the mechanisms facilitating hepatocyte differentiation from hASCs are not well understood. Here, we show that upon exposure to glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors alone, the expression of definitive endoderm specific genes GATA4, FOXA2, and SOX17 in hASCs significantly increased in a manner with activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Down regulation of the β-catenin expression attenuates the effect of GSK3 inhibitors on the induction of these specific genes. The cells induced using GSK3 inhibitors were directed to differentiate synchronously into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) after further combinations of soluble factors by a reproducible three-stage method. Moreover, hASC-HLCs induced using GSK3 inhibitors possess low-density lipoprotein uptake, albumin secretion, and glycogen synthesis ability, express important drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, and demonstrate CYP450 activity. Therefore, our findings suggest that activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling via GSK3 inhibitors in definitive endoderm specification may represent an important mechanism mediating hASCs differentiated to functional hepatocyte. Furthermore, development of similar compounds may be useful for robust, potentially scalable and cost-effective generation of functional hepatocytes for drug screening and predictive toxicology platforms.
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Salvi GE, Bosshardt DD, Lang NP, Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Lindhe J, Ivanovski S, Donos N. Temporal sequence of hard and soft tissue healing around titanium dental implants. Periodontol 2000 2017; 68:135-52. [PMID: 25867984 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present review was to summarize the evidence available on the temporal sequence of hard and soft tissue healing around titanium dental implants in animal models and in humans. A search was undertaken to find animal and human studies reporting on the temporal dynamics of hard and soft tissue integration of titanium dental implants. Moreover, the influence of implant surface roughness and chemistry on the molecular mechanisms associated with osseointegration was also investigated. The findings indicated that the integration of titanium dental implants into hard and soft tissue represents the result of a complex cascade of biological events initiated by the surgical intervention. Implant placement into alveolar bone induces a cascade of healing events starting with clot formation and continuing with the maturation of bone in contact with the implant surface. From a genetic point of view, osseointegration is associated with a decrease in inflammation and an increase in osteogenesis-, angiogenesis- and neurogenesis-associated gene expression during the early stages of wound healing. The attachment and maturation of the soft tissue complex (i.e. epithelium and connective tissue) to implants becomes established 6-8 weeks following surgery. Based on the findings of the present review it can be concluded that improved understanding of the mechanisms associated with osseointegration will provide leads and targets for strategies aimed at enhancing the clinical performance of titanium dental implants.
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131
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Nandy SB, Lakshmanaswamy R. Cancer Stem Cells and Metastasis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 151:137-176. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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miR-27a attenuates adipogenesis and promotes osteogenesis in steroid-induced rat BMSCs by targeting PPARγ and GREM1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38491. [PMID: 27910957 PMCID: PMC5133594 DOI: 10.1038/srep38491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulating adipogenesis and osteogenesis. In this study, we established a steroid-induced ONFH rat model to identify the potential relevant miRNAs. We identified 9 up-regulated and 28 down-regulated miRNAs in the ONFH rat model. Of these, miR-27a was down-regulated and negatively correlated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and gremlin 1 (GREM1) expression. Further studies confirmed that PPARγ and GREM1 were direct targets of miRNA-27a. Additionally, adipogenic differentiation was enhanced by miR-27a down-regulation, whereas miRNA-27a up-regulation attenuated adipogenesis and promoted osteogenesis in steroid-induced rat BMSCs. Moreover, miRNA-27a up-regulation had a stronger effect on adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in steroid-induced rat BMSCs than si-PPARγ and si-GREM1. In conclusion, we identified 37 differentially expressed miRNAs in the steroid-induced ONFH model, of which miR-27a was down-regulated. Our results showed that miR-27a up-regulation could inhibit adipogenesis and promote osteogenesis by directly targeting PPARγ and GREM1. Thus, miR-27a is likely a key regulator of adipogenesis in steroid-induced BMSCs and a potential therapeutic target for ONFH treatment.
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Fu S, Yang L, Hong H, Zhang R. [Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the Icariin induced proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells]. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2016; 36:360-8. [PMID: 27468552 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(16)30050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of icariin on proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS BMSCs were obtained from SD rat bone marrow with differential time adherent method. Its characteristic was identified through differentiation cell surface antigens and the multi-lineage (osteo/adipo/chondo) differentiation potential. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and 5-Bromo-2-Deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation were applied to detect the effect of icariin on BMSCs proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect proliferation index of BMSCs. The RNA level and the distribution of β-catenin were evaluated by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Immunofluorescent staining respectively. Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels of β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β), phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (pGSK-3β) and cyclinD1. RESULTS Icariin promoted BMSCs proliferation at the concentration of 0.05-2.0 mg/L. The percentage of BrdU positive cells of BMSCs was increased from 40.98% to 70.42%, and the proliferation index value was increased from 8.9% to 17.5% with the treatment of 0.05 mg/L icariin, which significance values were both less than 0.05. Compared with the control group, total and nuclear β-catenin proteins, as well as β-catenin mRNA expression, were all increased with icariin treatment. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation level of GSK-3β and cyclinD1 protein expressions were also increased in BMSCs with icariin treatment. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study demonstrated that low dosage of icariin could promote BMSCs proliferation. The activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathways was involved in this process.
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134
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. Can Wnt5a and Wnt non-canonical pathways really mediate adipocyte de-differentiation in a tumour microenvironment? Eur J Cancer 2016; 64:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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135
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Phetfong J, Sanvoranart T, Nartprayut K, Nimsanor N, Seenprachawong K, Prachayasittikul V, Supokawej A. Osteoporosis: the current status of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2016; 21:12. [PMID: 28536615 PMCID: PMC5414670 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-016-0013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, or bone loss, is a progressive, systemic skeletal disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Osteoporosis is generally age related, and it is underdiagnosed because it remains asymptomatic for several years until the development of fractures that confine daily life activities, particularly in elderly people. Most patients with osteoporotic fractures become bedridden and are in a life-threatening state. The consequences of fracture can be devastating, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality of the patients. The normal physiologic process of bone remodeling involves a balance between bone resorption and bone formation during early adulthood. In osteoporosis, this process becomes imbalanced, resulting in gradual losses of bone mass and density due to enhanced bone resorption and/or inadequate bone formation. Several growth factors underlying age-related osteoporosis and their signaling pathways have been identified, such as osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor B (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) proteins and signaling through parathyroid hormone receptors. In addition, the pathogenesis of osteoporosis has been connected to genetics. The current treatment of osteoporosis predominantly consists of antiresorptive and anabolic agents; however, the serious adverse effects of using these drugs are of concern. Cell-based replacement therapy via the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may become one of the strategies for osteoporosis treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitrada Phetfong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Tanwarat Sanvoranart
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Kuneerat Nartprayut
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Natakarn Nimsanor
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Seenprachawong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
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136
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Zhou HS, Carter BZ, Andreeff M. Bone marrow niche-mediated survival of leukemia stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia: Yin and Yang. Cancer Biol Med 2016; 13:248-59. [PMID: 27458532 PMCID: PMC4944541 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of circulating immature blasts that exhibit uncontrolled growth, lack the ability to undergo normal differentiation, and have decreased sensitivity to apoptosis. Accumulating evidence shows the bone marrow (BM) niche is critical to the maintenance and retention of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), including leukemia stem cells (LSC), and an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that crosstalk between LSC and the stromal cells associated with this niche greatly influences leukemia initiation, progression, and response to therapy. Undeniably, stromal cells in the BM niche provide a sanctuary in which LSC can acquire a drug-resistant phenotype and thereby evade chemotherapy-induced death. Yin and Yang, the ancient Chinese philosophical concept, vividly portrays the intricate and dynamic interactions between LSC and the BM niche. In fact, LSC-induced microenvironmental reprogramming contributes significantly to leukemogenesis. Thus, identifying the critical signaling pathways involved in these interactions will contribute to target optimization and combinatorial drug treatment strategies to overcome acquired drug resistance and prevent relapse following therapy. In this review, we describe some of the critical signaling pathways mediating BM niche-LSC interaction, including SDF1/CXCL12, Wnt/β-catenin, VCAM/VLA-4/NF-κB, CD44, and hypoxia as a newly-recognized physical determinant of resistance, and outline therapeutic strategies for overcoming these resistance factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Zhou
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bing Z Carter
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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137
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Lowndes M, Rotherham M, Price JC, El Haj AJ, Habib SJ. Immobilized WNT Proteins Act as a Stem Cell Niche for Tissue Engineering. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:126-37. [PMID: 27411105 PMCID: PMC4944585 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing, location, and level of WNT signaling are highly regulated during embryonic development and for the maintenance of adult tissues. Consequently the ability to provide a defined and directed source of WNT proteins is crucial to fully understand its role in tissue development and to mimic its activity in vitro. Here we describe a one-step immobilization technique to covalently bind WNT3A proteins as a basal surface with easy storage and long-lasting activity. We show that this platform is able to maintain adult and embryonic stem cells while also being adaptable for 3D systems. Therefore, this platform could be used for recapitulating specific stem cell niches with the goal of improving tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Lowndes
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael Rotherham
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Joshua C Price
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Alicia J El Haj
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Shukry J Habib
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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138
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Jiang M, Zheng C, Shou P, Li N, Cao G, Chen Q, Xu C, Du L, Yang Q, Cao J, Han Y, Li F, Cao W, Liu F, Rabson A, Roberts A, Xie W, Wang Y, Shi Y. SHP1 Regulates Bone Mass by Directing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. Cell Rep 2016; 16:769-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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139
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Zhou L, Zhang W. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in generation of gastric cancer stem cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2767-2777. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i18.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a key cause of gastric cancer, and gastric cancer stem cells play an important role in the development of gastric cancer. Therefore in this paper, we try to explore the relationship between H. pylori infection and stem cells in gastric cancer. H. pylori infection promotes the generation of gastric cancer stem cells through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, H. pylori participates in the processes of the formation and progression of gastric cancer stem cells by affecting related signal pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Hh/SHH, Notch, FGF/BMP. On this basis, we disscuss the challenges and future directions in the research of H. pylori infection and gastric cancer stem cells.
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Yue Q, Zhang Y, Li X, He L, Hu Y, Wang X, Xu X, Shen Y, Zhang H. MiR-124 suppresses the chemotactic migration of rat mesenchymal stem cells toward HGF by downregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:342-53. [PMID: 27377850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit the potential to repair a wide variety of injured adult tissues. The migration capability of MSCs is an important determinant of the efficiency of MSC transplant therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly implicated in regulating the migration of MSCs. Herein, we show that the expression of miR-124 was downregulated in rat MSCs (rMSCs) treated with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Overexpression of miR-124 significantly reduced the chemotactic migration of rMSCs toward HGF, while inhibition of endogenous miR-124 promoted the chemotactic migration. A further study revealed that miR-124 directly targeted FZD4 and LRP6, which encode a receptor and co-receptor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, respectively, thus reducing the activity of this signaling. Consistently, activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by LiCl and ΔN89β-catenin rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-124 on the chemotactic migration of rMSCs toward HGF, while inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by FH535 abrogated the enhanced chemotactic response achieved by the miR-124 inhibitor. Collectively, our study demonstrates that miR-124 downregulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling via targeting FZD4 and LRP6 and thus suppresses the chemotactic migration of rMSCs toward HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lihong He
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ya'nan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xianyao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yixin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Ali D, Hamam R, Alfayez M, Kassem M, Aldahmash A, Alajez NM. Epigenetic Library Screen Identifies Abexinostat as Novel Regulator of Adipocytic and Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Skeletal (Mesenchymal) Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1036-47. [PMID: 27194745 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : The epigenetic mechanisms promoting lineage-specific commitment of human skeletal (mesenchymal or stromal) stem cells (hMSCs) into adipocytes or osteoblasts are still not fully understood. Herein, we performed an epigenetic library functional screen and identified several novel compounds, including abexinostat, which promoted adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs. Using gene expression microarrays, chromatin immunoprecipitation for H3K9Ac combined with high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq), and bioinformatics, we identified several key genes involved in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation that were targeted by abexinostat. Concordantly, ChIP-quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed marked increase in H3K9Ac epigenetic mark on the promoter region of AdipoQ, FABP4, PPARγ, KLF15, CEBPA, SP7, and ALPL in abexinostat-treated hMSCs. Pharmacological inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (PF-573228) or insulin-like growth factor-1R/insulin receptor (NVP-AEW51) signaling exhibited significant inhibition of abexinostat-mediated adipocytic differentiation, whereas inhibition of WNT (XAV939) or transforming growth factor-β (SB505124) signaling abrogated abexinostat-mediated osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Our findings provide insight into the understanding of the relationship between the epigenetic effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors, transcription factors, and differentiation pathways governing adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. Manipulating such pathways allows a novel use for epigenetic compounds in hMSC-based therapies and tissue engineering. SIGNIFICANCE This unbiased epigenetic library functional screen identified several novel compounds, including abexinostat, that promoted adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation of human skeletal (mesenchymal or stromal) stem cells (hMSCs). These data provide new insight into the understanding of the relationship between the epigenetic effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors, transcription factors, and differentiation pathways controlling adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs. Manipulating such pathways allows a novel use for epigenetic compounds in hMSC-based therapies for tissue engineering, bone disease, obesity, and metabolic-disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ali
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rimi Hamam
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaed Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abdullah Aldahmash
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Prince Naif Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Belinsky GS, Sreekumar B, Andrejecsk JW, Saltzman WM, Gong J, Herzog RI, Lin S, Horsley V, Carpenter TO, Chung C. Pigment epithelium-derived factor restoration increases bone mass and improves bone plasticity in a model of osteogenesis imperfecta type VI via Wnt3a blockade. FASEB J 2016; 30:2837-48. [PMID: 27127101 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500027r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Null mutations in for pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), the protein product of the SERPINF1 gene, are the cause of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type VI. The PEDF-knockout (KO) mouse captures crucial elements of the human disease, including diminished bone mineralization and propensity to fracture. Our group and others have demonstrated that PEDF directs human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) commitment to the osteoblast lineage and modulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a major regulator of bone development; however, the ability of PEDF to restore bone mass in a mouse model of OI type VI has not been determined. In this study, PEDF delivery increased trabecular bone volume/total volume by 52% in 6-mo-old PEDF-KO mice but not in wild-type mice. In young (19-d-old) PEDF-KO mice, PEDF restoration increased bone volume fraction by 35% and enhanced biomechanical parameters of bone plasticity. A Wnt-green fluorescent protein reporter demonstrated dynamic changes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling characterized by early activation and marked suppression during terminal differentiation of hMSCs. Continuous Wnt3a exposure impeded mineralization of hMSCs, whereas the combination of Wnt3a and PEDF potentiated mineralization. Interrogation of the PEDF sequence identified a conserved motif found in other Wnt modulators, such as the dickkopf proteins. Mutation of a single amino acid on a 34-mer PEDF peptide increased mineralization of hMSC cultures compared with the native peptide sequence. These results indicate that PEDF counters Wnt signaling to allow for osteoblast differentiation and provides a mechanistic insight into how the PEDF null state results in OI type VI.-Belinsky, G. S., Sreekumar, B., Andrejecsk, J. W., Saltzman, W. M., Gong, J., Herzog, R. I., Lin, S., Horsley, V., Carpenter, T. O., Chung, C. Pigment epithelium-derived factor restoration increases bone mass and improves bone plasticity in a model of osteogenesis imperfecta type VI via Wnt3a blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn S Belinsky
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bharath Sreekumar
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jillian W Andrejecsk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jingjing Gong
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Raimund I Herzog
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Samantha Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas O Carpenter
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chuhan Chung
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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143
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Hoogduijn MJ, de Witte SF, Luk F, van den Hout-van Vroonhoven MC, Ignatowicz L, Catar R, Strini T, Korevaar SS, van IJcken WF, Betjes MG, Franquesa M, Moll G, Baan CC. Effects of Freeze–Thawing and Intravenous Infusion on Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Gene Expression. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:586-97. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Hoogduijn
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Samantha F.H. de Witte
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Franka Luk
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lech Ignatowicz
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Lund University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universtätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Strini
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander S. Korevaar
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel G.H. Betjes
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Moll
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center/School for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT/BSRT), Charité Universtätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla C. Baan
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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144
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Shi C, Lv T, Xiang Z, Sun Z, Qian W, Han X. Role of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Epithelial Differentiation of Lung Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1532-9. [PMID: 25546504 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that stem cells have the ability to repair the lung tissue injuries following either injection of cultured cells or bone marrow transplantation. As a result, increasing attention has focused on the lung resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR-MSCs) for repairing damaged lung tissues. Meanwhile, some studies have revealed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in the epithelial differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In the current study, our aim was to explore the roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on cell proliferation and epithelial differentiation of LR-MSCs. We have successfully isolated the stem cell antigen (Sca)-1(+) CD45(-) CD31(-) cells which were proposed to be LR-MSCs by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Furthermore, we demonstrated the expression of epithelial markers on LR-MSCs following indirect co-culture of these cells with alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells, confirming the epithelial phenotype of LR-MSCs following co-culture. In order to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in epithelial differentiation of LR-MSCs, we measured the protein levels of several important members involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the presence or absence of some canonical activators and inhibitors of the β-catenin pathways. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling may be an essential mechanism underlying the regulation of epithelial differentiation of LR-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Shi
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Tengfei Lv
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Research Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Weiping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
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145
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Liu M, Yang J, Hu W, Zhang S, Wang Y. Superior performance of co-cultured mesenchymal stem cells and hepatocytes in poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) scaffolds for the treatment of acute liver failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:015008. [PMID: 26836957 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, cell-based therapies have attracted attention as promising treatments for acute liver failure (ALF). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential candidates for co-culture with hepatocytes in poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds to support hepatocellular function. However, the mechanism of culturing protocol using PLGA scaffolds for MSC differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells as well as the therapeutic effect of cell seeded PLGA scaffolds on ALF remain unsatisfactory in clinical application. Here, MSCs and hepatocytes were co-cultured at ratios of 1:2.5 (MSCs: Hep), 1:5 and 1:10, respectively. The proliferation abilities of these co-cultured cells were detected by CCK8, MTT, EdU and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the ability of MSCs to differentiate into hepatocytes was detected by PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Therapeutic trials of cell seeded PLGA scaffolds were conducted through mouse abdominal cavity transplantation. Results showed that the 1:5 group showed significantly higher cellular proliferation than the 1:2.5 and 1:10 groups, supernatant albumin and urea nitrogen levels were also significantly higher in the 1:5 group than in other two groups. Similarly, the 1:5 group demonstrated better DNA transcription and liver-specific protein (albumin, CK18 and P450) production. Meanwhile, the GalN-stimulated levels of ALT, AST and TBil in mouse serum were down-regulated significantly more by (MSC + Hep)-PLGA scaffold treatment than MSC-PLGA or Hep-PLGA scaffold treatments. Furthermore, the (MSC + Hep)-PLGA scaffold-treated ALF mice showed a lower immunogenic response level than the other two groups. These data suggested that the ratio of 1:5 (MSC:Hep) co-cultures was the optimal ratio for MSCs to support hepatocellular metabolism and function in PLGA scaffolds in vitro, the (MSC + Hep)-PLGA scaffold treatment could perform better restoration for damaged liver function and could give ALF mice a greater survival rate than the monocell seeded PLGA scaffold treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Liu
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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146
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Alghamdi S, Khan I, Beeravolu N, McKee C, Thibodeau B, Wilson G, Chaudhry GR. BET protein inhibitor JQ1 inhibits growth and modulates WNT signaling in mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:22. [PMID: 26830473 PMCID: PMC4736146 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy and safety of anticancer drugs are traditionally studied using cancer cell lines and animal models. The thienodiazepine class of BET inhibitors, such as JQ1, has been extensively studied for the potential treatment of hematological malignancies and several small molecules belonging to this class are currently under clinical investigation. While these compounds are well known to inhibit cancer cell growth and cause apoptosis, their effects on stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are important for regeneration of damaged cells and tissues, are unknown. In this study we employed umbilical cord derived MSCs as a model system to evaluate the safety of JQ1. METHODS Cord derived MSCs were treated with various doses of JQ1 and subjected to cell metabolic activity, apoptosis, and cell cycle analyses using MTT assay, Annexin-V/FITC and PI staining, and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of JQ1 on gene expression was determined using microarray and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Furthermore, protein expression of apoptotic and neuronal markers was carried out using western blot and immunostaining, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that JQ1 inhibited cell growth and caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase but did not induce apoptosis or senescence. JQ1 also down-regulated genes involved in self-renewal, cell cycle, DNA replication, and mitosis, which may have negative implications on the regenerative potential of MSCs. In addition, JQ1 interfered with signaling pathways by down regulating the expression of WNT, resulting in limiting the self-renewal. These results suggest that anticancer agents belonging to the thienodiazepine class of BET inhibitors should be carefully evaluated before their use in cancer therapy. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time that JQ1 adversely affected MSCs, which are important for repair and regeneration. JQ1 specifically modulated signal transduction and inhibited growth as well as self-renewal. These findings suggest that perinatal MSCs could be used to supplement animal models for investigating the safety of anticancer agents and other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Irfan Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Naimisha Beeravolu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | | | - George Wilson
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA. .,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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148
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Zhao X, Deng P, Feng J, Wang Z, Xiang Z, Han X, Bai D, Pae EK. Cysteine Dioxygenase Type 1 Inhibits Osteogenesis by Regulating Wnt Signaling in Primary Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19296. [PMID: 26763277 PMCID: PMC4725904 DOI: 10.1038/srep19296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, which can give rise to variety of cell types, including adipocytes and osteoblasts. Previously, we have shown that cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (Cdo1) promoted adipogenesis of primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes via interaction with Pparγ. However, the role of Cdo1 in osteogenesis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that expression of Cdo1 was elevated during osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. Interestingly, knockdown of Cdo1 by siRNA led to an increased expression of osteogenic related genes, elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and enhanced mineralization. Overexpression of Cdo1 in BMSCs inversely suppressed the osteogenesis. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of Cdo1 impaired Wnt signaling and restricted the Wnt3a induced expression of osteogenic transcriptional factors, such as Runx2 and Dlx5. Collectively, our findings indicate Cdo1 suppresses osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, through a potential mechanism which involves in Wnt signaling reduction concomitantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Peng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Zichao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Xianglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Eung-Kwon Pae
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland, School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
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149
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Cell Therapy in Ischemic Heart Disease: Interventions That Modulate Cardiac Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2171035. [PMID: 26880938 PMCID: PMC4736413 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2171035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of severe ischemic heart disease caused by coronary obstruction has progressively increased. Alternative forms of treatment have been studied in an attempt to regenerate myocardial tissue, induce angiogenesis, and improve clinical conditions. In this context, cell therapy has emerged as a promising alternative using cells with regenerative potential, focusing on the release of paracrine and autocrine factors that contribute to cell survival, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Evidence of the safety, feasibility, and potential effectiveness of cell therapy has emerged from several clinical trials using different lineages of adult stem cells. The clinical benefit, however, is not yet well established. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of cell therapy in terms of regenerative and angiogenic capacity after myocardial ischemia. In addition, we addressed nonpharmacological interventions that may influence this therapeutic practice, such as diet and physical training. This review brings together current data on pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to improve cell homing and cardiac repair.
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150
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Bozorgi A, Khazaei M, Khazaei MR. New Findings on Breast Cancer Stem Cells: A Review. J Breast Cancer 2015; 18:303-12. [PMID: 26770236 PMCID: PMC4705081 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2015.18.4.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of the "cancer stem cell" theory, significant developments have been made in the understanding of cancer and the heterogenic structure of tumors. In 2003, with the isolation of cancer stem cells from the first solid tumor, breast cancer, and recognition of the tumorigenicity of these cells, this theory suggested that the main reason for therapy failure might be the presence of cancer stem cells. This review article describes breast cancer stem cell origin, the related cellular and molecular characteristics, signaling pathways, and therapy resistance mechanisms. The databases PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase were explored, and articles published on these topics between 1992 and 2015 were investigated. It appears that this small subpopulation of cells, with the capacity for self-renewal and a high proliferation rate, originate from normal stem cells, are identified by specific markers such as CD44(+)/CD24(-/low), and enhance a tumor's capacity for metastasis, invasion, and therapy resistance. Cancer stem cell characteristics depend on their interactions with their microenvironment as well as on the inducing factors and elements. Although uncertainties about breast cancer stem cells exist, many of researchers believe that cancer stem cells should be considered as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bozorgi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rasool Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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