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Lin Z, Tang Y, Chen Z, Li S, Xu X, Hou X, Chen Z, Wen J, Zeng W, Meng X, Fan H. Soluble CD80 oral delivery by recombinant Lactococcus suppresses tumor growth by enhancing antitumor immunity. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10533. [PMID: 37476068 PMCID: PMC10354755 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CD80 is an important co-stimulatory molecule that participates in the immune response. Soluble CD80 can induce T cell activation and overcome PDL1-mediated immune suppression. In this study, we aimed to construct recombinant Lactococcus lactis for oral delivery of the soluble CD80 (hsCD80) protein or the fusion protein containing the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and hsCD80 (CTB-hsCD80) under the control of the nisin-inducible expression system. The recombinant L. lactis expressed and secreted hsCD80 or CTB-hsCD80 fusion proteins after induction by nisin in vitro and in the enteric cavity. Additionally, the CTB-hsCD80 fusion protein showed uptake by intestinal epithelial cells, was cleaved by the furin protease, and was released as free hsCD80 protein into the blood circulation. Orally administered hsCD80 and CTB-hsCD80 containing L. lactis increased the proportion of activated T cells in the spleen and intestinal epithelium, inhibited tumor growth, and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. The hsCD80-containing L. lactis showed greater therapeutic effects on primary colonic adenoma in APCmin/- mice and completely suppressed tumor growth. Further, recombinant CTB-hsCD80 in L. lactis was more efficient than hsCD80-containing bacteria in inhibiting the growth of xenografted colon cancer and melanoma cells. hsCD80 engineered probiotics may serve as a promising new approach for antitumor immunotherapy, especially for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Virotech Phamaceutical Co., LtdGuangzhouChina
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zerong Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Urology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Simin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xueyan Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical UniversitySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xufeng Hou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhenhui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junjie Wen
- Guangzhou Weisengene Biological Technology Co., Ltd.GuangzhouChina
| | - Weisen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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102
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Pulanco MC, Madsen AT, Tanwar A, Corrigan DT, Zang X. Recent advancements in the B7/CD28 immune checkpoint families: new biology and clinical therapeutic strategies. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:694-713. [PMID: 37069229 PMCID: PMC10310771 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The B7/CD28 families of immune checkpoints play vital roles in negatively or positively regulating immune cells in homeostasis and various diseases. Recent basic and clinical studies have revealed novel biology of the B7/CD28 families and new therapeutics for cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the newly discovered KIR3DL3/TMIGD2/HHLA2 pathways, PD-1/PD-L1 and B7-H3 as metabolic regulators, the glycobiology of PD-1/PD-L1, B7x (B7-H4) and B7-H3, and the recently characterized PD-L1/B7-1 cis-interaction. We also cover the tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic resistance mechanisms to current anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapies in clinical settings. Finally, we review new immunotherapies targeting B7-H3, B7x, PD-1/PD-L1, and CTLA-4 in current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc C Pulanco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Anne T Madsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ankit Tanwar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Devin T Corrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA.
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103
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Kim AE, Nieblas-Bedolla E, de Sauvage MA, Brastianos PK. Leveraging translational insights toward precision medicine approaches for brain metastases. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:955-967. [PMID: 37491527 PMCID: PMC10644911 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to increasing incidence and limited treatments, brain metastases (BM) are an emerging unmet need in modern oncology. Development of effective therapeutics has been hindered by unique challenges. Individual steps of the brain metastatic cascade are driven by distinctive biological processes, suggesting that BM possess intrinsic biological differences compared to primary tumors. Here, we discuss the unique physiology and metabolic constraints specific to BM as well as emerging treatment strategies that leverage potential vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Kim
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin Nieblas-Bedolla
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magali A de Sauvage
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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104
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Hsu YC, Chen CH, Huang HF, Lee YT, Wu MC, Su CW, Chou HC, Wang LF, Lee HS, Lin SW, Hsu PN, Wu YM, Sheu JC, Weng MT. Therapeutic Effects of Anti-PD1 Immunotherapy on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Under Administration of Tacrolimus. Transplantation 2023; 107:1492-1501. [PMID: 36380450 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation (LT) is the treatment of choice for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recurrence of HCC after LT occurs in 10% to 20% of cases. Preclinical studies to evaluate immune checkpoint inhibitors in conjunction with immunosuppressant treatment in transplant recipients have been lacking. Here, we evaluated the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of programmed cell death-1 (PD1) blockade under tacrolimus treatment in transplant recipients. METHODS We used a murine allogeneic skin transplantation model and murine syngeneic subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC models and measured the tumor volume and the change in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes under PD1 blockade and tacrolimus treatment. RESULTS Tacrolimus treatment prolonged allograft survival in the allogeneic transplantation model and enhanced tumor growth in both subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC models. PD1 blockade suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis in correlation with the number of infiltrating CD8 + T cells. Under tacrolimus treatment, PD1 blockade still resulted in an antitumor effect accompanied by a significant increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer T cells. Tacrolimus treatment rescued the acceleration of transplant rejection induced by PD1 blockade in the allogeneic transplantation model. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that treatment with high-dose tacrolimus in conjunction with PD1 blockade has an antitumor effect and reduces transplant rejection in mouse models of allograft skin transplantation and HCC. Thus, these results suggest that a clinical trial of PD1 inhibitors for HCC in LT merits consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Hsu
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fu Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Te Lee
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Meng-Chuan Wu
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Wen Su
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huei-Chi Chou
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsuan-Shu Lee
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ping-Ning Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yao-Ming Wu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jin-Chuan Sheu
- Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Meng-Tzu Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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105
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Szymanska S, Markiewicz-Kijewska M, Pyzlak M, Karkucinska-Wienckowska A, Ciopinski M, Czubkowski P, Kaliciński P. Tissue Expression of Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand1 (PD-L1) in Biopsies of Transplant Livers of Pediatric Patients as a Possible Marker of Acute Cellular Rejection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4269. [PMID: 37445304 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preclinical models have demonstrated that PD-1 and its ligand programmed death ligand1 (PD-L1) play significant roles in both graft induction and the maintenance of immune tolerance. It has also been suggested that PD-L1 tissue expression may predict graft rejection; however, the available data are sparse and inconclusive. Some studies were conducted on patients with cancer; most of them do not concern the liver, especially within the context of the use of immunohistochemical tests. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the relationship between tissue expression of PD-L1 in a unique material, i.e., in the liver biopsies of pediatric patients after transplantation with the presence of acute cellular rejection (ACR). MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 55 biopsies from 55 patients who underwent protocol liver biopsies. The control group consisted of 19 biopsies from 13 patients diagnosed with acute cellular rejection (rejection activity index/RAI/ from 2 to 8). An immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for PD-L1 was performed in all of the liver specimens; its expression was analyzed in different regions of liver tissue (in inflammatory infiltrates and within the endothelium and hepatocytes). The following changes were re-evaluated in each specimen: features of any kind of rejection (acute cellular, antibody-mediated, chronic); the presence and severity of fibrosis (Ishak scale); and the presence of cholestasis and steatosis. Clinical parameters were also evaluated, including tests of liver function (AST, ALT, GGT, bilirubin). RESULTS The age of patients in the study group ranged from 2.37 to 18.9 years (median 13.87 years), with the time after transplantation being 1-17 years (median 8.36 years). The age of patients in the control group ranged from 1.48 to 17.51 years (median 7.93 years), with their biopsies being taken 0.62-14.39 years (median 1.33 years) after transplantation. We found a statistically significant relationship between PD-L1 expression on inflammatory infiltrates and ACR; however, there was no statistically significant relationship between PD-L1 endothelial expression and ACR. PD-L1 was not positive in the hepatocytes regardless of if it was the study or control group that was under observation. CONCLUSION PD-L1 appears to be a promising marker to predict graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Szymanska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, 04-736 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Markiewicz-Kijewska
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Organ's Transplantation, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, 04-736 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Pyzlak
- Warsaw Department of Pathology, The Institute of Mather and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Mateusz Ciopinski
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Organ's Transplantation, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, 04-736 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Czubkowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutrition Disorder and Pediatric, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, 04-736 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaliciński
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Organ's Transplantation, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, 04-736 Warsaw, Poland
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106
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Noorani I, Sidlauskas K, Pellow S, Savage R, Norman JL, Chatelet DS, Fabian M, Grundy P, Ching J, Nicoll JAR, Boche D. Clinical impact of anti-inflammatory microglia and macrophage phenotypes at glioblastoma margins. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad176. [PMID: 37324244 PMCID: PMC10265726 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a devastating brain cancer for which effective treatments are required. Tumour-associated microglia and macrophages promote glioblastoma growth in an immune-suppressed microenvironment. Most recurrences occur at the invasive margin of the surrounding brain, yet the relationships between microglia/macrophage phenotypes, T cells and programmed death-ligand 1 (an immune checkpoint) across human glioblastoma regions are understudied. In this study, we performed a quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of 15 markers of microglia/macrophage phenotypes (including anti-inflammatory markers triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 and CD163, and the low-affinity-activating receptor CD32a), T cells, natural killer cells and programmed death-ligand 1, in 59 human IDH1-wild-type glioblastoma multi-regional samples (n = 177; 1 sample at tumour core, 2 samples at the margins: the infiltrating zone and leading edge). Assessment was made for the prognostic value of markers; the results were validated in an independent cohort. Microglia/macrophage motility and activation (Iba1, CD68), programmed death-ligand 1 and CD4+ T cells were reduced, and homeostatic microglia (P2RY12) were increased in the invasive margins compared with the tumour core. There were significant positive correlations between microglia/macrophage markers CD68 (phagocytic)/triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (anti-inflammatory) and CD8+ T cells in the invasive margins but not in the tumour core (P < 0.01). Programmed death-ligand 1 expression was associated with microglia/macrophage markers (including anti-inflammatory) CD68, CD163, CD32a and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, only in the leading edge of glioblastomas (P < 0.01). Similarly, there was a positive correlation between programmed death-ligand 1 expression and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the leading edge (P < 0.001). There was no relationship between CD64 (a receptor for autoreactive T-cell responses) and CD8+/CD4+ T cells, or between the microglia/macrophage antigen presentation marker HLA-DR and microglial motility (Iba1) in the tumour margins. Natural killer cell infiltration (CD335+) correlated with CD8+ T cells and with CD68/CD163/triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophages at the leading edge. In an independent large glioblastoma cohort with transcriptomic data, positive correlations between anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophage markers (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, CD163 and CD32a) and CD4+/CD8+/programmed death-ligand 1 RNA expression were validated (P < 0.001). Finally, multivariate analysis showed that high triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, programmed death-ligand 1 and CD32a expression at the leading edge were significantly associated with poorer overall patient survival (hazard ratio = 2.05, 3.42 and 2.11, respectively), independent of clinical variables. In conclusion, anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophages, CD8+ T cells and programmed death-ligand 1 are correlated in the invasive margins of glioblastoma, consistent with immune-suppressive interactions. High triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, programmed death-ligand 1 and CD32a expression at the human glioblastoma leading edge are predictors of poorer overall survival. Given substantial interest in targeting microglia/macrophages, together with immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer, these data have major clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Noorani
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, The Francis Crick Institute and University College London, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London SO16 6AQ, UK
| | - Kastytis Sidlauskas
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sean Pellow
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Reece Savage
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jeannette L Norman
- Histochemistry Research Unit, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David S Chatelet
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark Fabian
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Grundy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jeng Ching
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - James A R Nicoll
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Raza A, Mohsen R, Kanbour A, Zar Gul AR, Philip A, Vijayakumar S, Hydrose S, Prabhu KS, Al-Suwaidi AK, Inchakalody VP, Merhi M, Abo El-Ella DM, Tauro MA, Akbar S, Al-Bozom I, Abualainin W, Al-Abdulla R, Sirriya SA, Hassnad S, Uddin S, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Al Homsi U, Demime S. Serum immune mediators as novel predictors of response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients with high tissue-PD-L1 expression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157100. [PMID: 37256148 PMCID: PMC10225547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, have significantly changed the treatment outcomes with better overall survival, but only 15-40% of the patients respond to ICIs therapy. The search for predictive biomarkers of responses is warranted for better clinical outcomes. We aim here to identify pre-treatment soluble immune molecules as surrogate biomarkers for tissue PD-L1 (TPD-L1) status and as predictors of response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC patients. Sera from 31 metastatic NSCLC patients, eligible for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or combined chemoimmunotherapy, were collected prior to treatment. Analysis of soluble biomarkers with TPD-L1 status showed significant up/down regulation of the immune inhibitory checkpoint markers (sSiglec7, sSiglec9, sULBP4 and sPD-L2) in patients with higher TPD-L1 (TPD-L1 >50%) expression. Moreover, correlation analysis showed significant positive linear correlation of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) with higher TPD-L1 expression. Interestingly, only responders in the TPD-L1 >50% group showed significant down regulation of the immune inhibitory markers (sPD-L2, sTIMD4, sNectin2 and CEA). When responders vs. non-responders were compared, significant down regulation of other immune inhibitory biomarkers (sCD80, sTIMD4 and CEA) was recorded only in responding patients. In this, the optimal cut-off values of CD80 <91.7 pg/ml and CEA <1614 pg/ml were found to be significantly associated with better progression free survival (PFS). Indeed, multivariate analysis identified the cutoff-value of CEA <1614 pg/ml as an independent predictor of response in our patients. We identified here novel immune inhibitory/stimulatory soluble mediators as potential surrogate/predictive biomarkers for TPD-L1 status, treatment response and PFS in NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsheen Raza
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reyad Mohsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aladdin Kanbour
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Rehman Zar Gul
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anite Philip
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Suma Vijayakumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shereena Hydrose
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kirti S. Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aisha Khamis Al-Suwaidi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Philipose Inchakalody
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dina M. Abo El-Ella
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shayista Akbar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Issam Al-Bozom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wafa Abualainin
- Diagnostic Genomic Division , Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rajaa Al-Abdulla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shaza Abu Sirriya
- Diagnostic Genomic Division , Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Suparna Hassnad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad, Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy and Practice Department, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University (QU) Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ussama Al Homsi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Demime
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Perrone S, Lopedote P, De Sanctis V, Iamundo De Cumis I, Pulsoni A, Strati P. Novel Drugs and Radiotherapy in Relapsed Lymphomas: Abscopal Response and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2751. [PMID: 37345088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined modality has represented a mainstay of treatment across many lymphoma histologies, given their sensitivity to both multi-agent chemotherapy and intermediate-dose radiotherapy. More recently, several new agents, including immunotherapies, have reshaped the therapeutic panorama of some lymphomas. In parallel, radiotherapy techniques have witnessed substantial improvement, accompanied by a growing understanding that radiation itself comes with an immune-mediated effect. Six decades after a metastatic lesion regression outside the irradiated field was first described, there is increasing evidence that a combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy could boost an abscopal effect. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying this interaction in the setting of lymphomas, and on the results of pivotal prospective studies. Furthermore, the available evidence on the concomitant use of radiotherapy and small molecules (i.e., lenalidomide, venetoclax, and ibrutinib), as well as brentuximab vedotin, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, is summarized. Currently, combining radiotherapy with new agents in patients who are affected by lymphomas appears feasible, particularly as a bridge to anti-CD19 autologous CAR T-cell infusion. However, more studies are required to assess these combinations, and preliminary data suggest only a synergistic rather than a curative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Perrone
- Department of Hematology, S.M. Goretti Hospital, Polo Universitario Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Paolo Lopedote
- Department of Medicine, St Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Vitaliana De Sanctis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicina e Psicologia, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Iamundo De Cumis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, A. Businco Hospital, ARNAS G. Brotzu, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pulsoni
- Department of Hematology, S.M. Goretti Hospital, Polo Universitario Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Paolo Strati
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Heng Y, Zhu X, Wu Q, Lin H, Ding X, Tao L, Lu L. High Expression of Tumor HLA-DR Predicts Better Prognosis and Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2023; 33:101678. [PMID: 37149969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HLA-DR is expressed in epithelial and several types of tumor cells. However, the correlation between tumor-expressed HLA-DR (teHLA-DR) and patient outcome as well as its regulation on the tumor microenvironment (TME) of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are yet to be elucidated. METHODS Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were performed to define the tumor nest and stroma of LSCC tissue microarrays. teHLA-DR tumor cell, CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TITLs) were obtained and analyzed through double-labeling immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. The recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested by the log-rank test method. Expression of teHLA-DR+ tumor cells and infiltration of T lymphocytes and their corresponding subgroups were analyzed by flow cytometry using fresh LSCC tissue samples. RESULTS Our research discovered elevated expressions of multiple MHC-II-related genes in tumor compared to the adjacent normal tissue samples of LSCC patients. We also found that patients in the teHLA-DR high-expression group (teHLA-DRhigh) tend to have less tumor recurrence and better survival outcomes compared to those in the teHLA-DRlow group. Intriguingly, teHLA-DR+ tumor cells had significantly higher PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression and their TME showed increased infiltrated T lymphocytes (TITLs). Flow cytometry analysis and IHC staining indicated that CD4+ TITLs but not CD3+ total TITLs or CD8+ TITLs were significantly enriched in teHLA-DR+ tumors. CONCLUSIONS teHLA-DR may be a predictive marker for favorable prognosis and response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy of LSCC, possibly due to the increased CD4+ TITLs in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Heng
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hanqing Lin
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuping Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lei Tao
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Liming Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Ott N, Faletti L, Heeg M, Andreani V, Grimbacher B. JAKs and STATs from a Clinical Perspective: Loss-of-Function Mutations, Gain-of-Function Mutations, and Their Multidimensional Consequences. J Clin Immunol 2023:10.1007/s10875-023-01483-x. [PMID: 37140667 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a key role in cytokine signaling and is involved in development, immunity, and tumorigenesis for nearly any cell. At first glance, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway appears to be straightforward. However, on closer examination, the factors influencing the JAK/STAT signaling activity, such as cytokine diversity, receptor profile, overlapping JAK and STAT specificity among non-redundant functions of the JAK/STAT complexes, positive regulators (e.g., cooperating transcription factors), and negative regulators (e.g., SOCS, PIAS, PTP), demonstrate the complexity of the pathway's architecture, which can be quickly disturbed by mutations. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway has been, and still is, subject of basic research and offers an enormous potential for the development of new methods of personalized medicine and thus the translation of basic molecular research into clinical practice beyond the use of JAK inhibitors. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations in the three immunologically particularly relevant signal transducers STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6 as well as JAK1 and JAK3 present themselves through individual phenotypic clinical pictures. The established, traditional paradigm of loss-of-function mutations leading to immunodeficiency and gain-of-function mutation leading to autoimmunity breaks down and a more differentiated picture of disease patterns evolve. This review is intended to provide an overview of these specific syndromes from a clinical perspective and to summarize current findings on pathomechanism, symptoms, immunological features, and therapeutic options of STAT1, STAT3, STAT6, JAK1, and JAK3 loss-of-function and gain-of-function diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ott
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Laura Faletti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Andreani
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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111
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Wen SWC, Nederby L, Andersen RF, Hansen TS, Nyhus CH, Hilberg O, Jakobsen A, Hansen TF. NK cell activity and methylated HOXA9 ctDNA as prognostic biomarkers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Br J Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41416-023-02285-z. [PMID: 37137997 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have improved survival for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated natural killer cell activity (NKA) and methylated HOXA9 circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. METHODS Plasma was prospectively collected from 71 NSCLC patients before treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and before cycles 2-4. We used the NK Vue® assay to measure the level of interferon gamma (IFNγ) as a surrogate for NKA. Methylated HOXA9 was measured by droplet digital PCR. RESULTS A score combining NKA and ctDNA status measured after one treatment cycle had a strong prognostic impact. Group 1 had IFNγ < 250 pg/ml and detectable ctDNA (n = 27), group 2 consisted of patients with either low levels of IFNγ and undetectable ctDNA or high levels of IFNγ and detectable ctDNA (n = 29), group 3 had IFNγ ≥250 pg/ml and undetectable ctDNA (n = 15). Median OS was 221 days (95% CI 121-539 days), 419 days (95% CI 235-650 days), and 1158 days (95% CI 250 days-not reached), respectively (P = 0.002). Group 1 had a poor prognosis with a hazard ratio of 5.560 (95% CI 2.359-13.101, n = 71, P < 0.001) adjusting for PD-L1 status, histology, and performance status. CONCLUSIONS Combining NKA and ctDNA status after one cycle of treatment was prognostic in patients with NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Witting Christensen Wen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark.
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19, 3rd floor, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Line Nederby
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Rikke Fredslund Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Torben Schjødt Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Christa Haugaard Nyhus
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19, 3rd floor, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Anders Jakobsen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19, 3rd floor, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Torben Frøstrup Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19, 3rd floor, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
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Cohen CD, Rousseau ST, Bermea KC, Bhalodia A, Lovell JP, Dina Zita M, Čiháková D, Adamo L. Myocardial Immune Cells: The Basis of Cardiac Immunology. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1198-1207. [PMID: 37068299 PMCID: PMC10111214 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian heart is characterized by the presence of striated myocytes, which allow continuous rhythmic contraction from early embryonic development until the last moments of life. However, the myocardium contains a significant contingent of leukocytes from every major class. This leukocyte pool includes both resident and nonresident immune cells. Over recent decades, it has become increasingly apparent that the heart is intimately sensitive to immune signaling and that myocardial leukocytes exhibit an array of critical functions, both in homeostasis and in the context of cardiac adaptation to injury. Here, we systematically review current knowledge of all major leukocyte classes in the heart, discussing their functions in health and disease. We also highlight the connection between the myocardium, immune cells, lymphoid organs, and both local and systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D. Cohen
- Cardiac Immunology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Sylvie T. Rousseau
- Cardiac Immunology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kevin C. Bermea
- Cardiac Immunology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Aashik Bhalodia
- Cardiac Immunology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jana P. Lovell
- Cardiac Immunology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Marcelle Dina Zita
- Cardiac Immunology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Luigi Adamo
- Cardiac Immunology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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113
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Peng Z, Lu C, Shi G, Yin L, Liang X, Song G, Tian J, Du Y. Sensitive and quantitative in vivo analysis of PD-L1 using magnetic particle imaging and imaging-guided immunotherapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1291-1305. [PMID: 36504279 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression correlate with the immunotherapeutic response rate. The sensitive and non-invasive imaging of immune checkpoint biomarkers is favorable for the accurate detection and characterization, image-guided immunotherapy in cancer precision medicine. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI), as a novel and emerging imaging modality, possesses the advantages of high sensitivity, no image depth limitation, positive contrast, and absence of radiation. Hence, in this study, we performed the pioneer investigation of monitoring PD-L1 expression using MPI and the MPI-guided immunotherapy. METHODS We developed anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPDL1)-conjugated magnetic fluorescent hybrid nanoparticles (MFNPs-aPDL1) and utilized MPI in combination with fluorescence imaging (FMI) to dynamically monitor and quantify PD-L1 expression in various tumors with different PD-L1 expression levels. The ex vivo real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining analysis were further performed to validate the in vivo imaging observation. Moreover, the MPI was further performed for the guidance of immunotherapy. RESULTS Our data showed that PD-L1 expression can be specifically and sensitively monitored and quantified using MPI and FMI imaging methods, which were validated by ex vivo qPCR and western blotting analysis. In addition, MPI-guided PD-L1 immunotherapy can enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. CONCLUSION To our best knowledge, this is the pioneer study to utilize MPI in combination with a newly developed MFNPs-aPDL1 imaging probe to dynamically visualize and quantify PD-L1 expression in tumor microenvironment. This imaging strategy may facilitate the clinical optimization of immunotherapy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyao Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Chang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen Research Institution of Hunan University, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guangyuan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lin Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen Research Institution of Hunan University, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
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114
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Ott LC, Cuenca AG. Innate immune cellular therapeutics in transplantation. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1067512. [PMID: 37994308 PMCID: PMC10664839 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1067512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Successful organ transplantation provides an opportunity to extend the lives of patients with end-stage organ failure. Selectively suppressing the donor-specific alloimmune response, however, remains challenging without the continuous use of non-specific immunosuppressive medications, which have multiple adverse effects including elevated risks of infection, chronic kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Efforts to promote allograft tolerance have focused on manipulating the adaptive immune response, but long-term allograft survival rates remain disappointing. In recent years, the innate immune system has become an attractive therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of transplant organ rejection. Indeed, contemporary studies demonstrate that innate immune cells participate in both the initial alloimmune response and chronic allograft rejection and undergo non-permanent functional reprogramming in a phenomenon termed "trained immunity." Several types of innate immune cells are currently under investigation as potential therapeutics in transplantation, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, regulatory macrophages, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells. In this review, we discuss the features and functions of these cell types, with a focus on their role in the alloimmune response. We examine their potential application as therapeutics to prevent or treat allograft rejection, as well as challenges in their clinical translation and future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Ott
- Department of General Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alex G Cuenca
- Department of General Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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115
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Awad RM, Breckpot K. Novel technologies for applying immune checkpoint blockers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 382:1-101. [PMID: 38225100 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells develop several ways to subdue the immune system among others via upregulation of inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) proteins. These ICPs paralyze immune effector cells and thereby enable unfettered tumor growth. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block ICPs can prevent immune exhaustion. Due to their outstanding effects, mAbs revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, current ICP therapy regimens suffer from issues related to systemic administration of mAbs, including the onset of immune related adverse events, poor pharmacokinetics, limited tumor accessibility and immunogenicity. These drawbacks and new insights on spatiality prompted the exploration of novel administration routes for mAbs for instance peritumoral delivery. Moreover, novel ICP drug classes that are adept to novel delivery technologies were developed to circumvent the drawbacks of mAbs. We therefore review the state-of-the-art and novel delivery strategies of ICP drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Maximilian Awad
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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116
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von Witzleben A, Hoffmann TK, Laban S. [Immunotherapy in the context of other head and neck cancer treatment modalities-highlights of the ASCO and ESMO annual meeting 2022]. HNO 2023:10.1007/s00106-023-01287-w. [PMID: 36941386 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-023-01287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic agents are nowadays established for treatment of a wide variety of tumor entities, including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. Originally used in the palliative setting, these are increasingly administered with curative intent, e.g., as neoadjuvant treatment. Current research addresses the questions of which patients benefit from the treatment and which combination therapies are successful. The present article summarizes relevant findings of the two international cancer congresses in 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian von Witzleben
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde und Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie, Kopf-Hals-Tumorzentrum Ulm, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89070, Ulm, Deutschland.
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde und Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie, Kopf-Hals-Tumorzentrum Ulm, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89070, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Simon Laban
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde und Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie, Kopf-Hals-Tumorzentrum Ulm, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89070, Ulm, Deutschland
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117
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Xie Y, Ding J, Gao J, Zhang J, Cen S, Zhou J. Triptolide reduces PD-L1 through the EGFR and IFN-γ/IRF1 dual signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:109993. [PMID: 36931170 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
As the principal ligand of programmed death 1 (PD-1), PD-L1 can induce the exhaustion of effector T cells and the escape of cancer cells through interacting with PD-1 in many solid malignancies. Therefore, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has become an attractive strategy in cancer immunotherapy. However, at present, no small-molecule agents targeting PD1/PD-L1 pathways have been successfully used in clinical applications. Here, we first found that the natural product Triptolide could significantly reduce the PD-L1 expression on the surface of NSCLC cells. This down-regulation is related to the activity of EGFR signaling pathway. Moreover, the reduction of PD-L1 caused by Triptolide could be substantially rescued by IFN-γ. Furthermore, our findings suggest that Triptolide significantly inhibits the activity of the IFN-γ-JAK-STAT-IRF1 signaling axis, as evidenced by the noticeable reduction in both basal and phosphorylated levels of STAT3. Thus, in NSCLC cells, Triptolide reduces PD-L1 expression both through the EGFR and IFN-γ/JAK1/JAK2/STAT1/STAT3/IRF1 signaling pathways. The results provide new insights into the application of Triptolide in the immune checkpoints treatment of NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwei Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Jieke Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China.
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Tay C, Tanaka A, Sakaguchi S. Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells as targets of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:450-465. [PMID: 36917950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are abundant in tumor tissues, raising a question of whether immunosuppressive tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) can be selectively depleted or functionally attenuated to evoke effective anti-tumor immune responses by conventional T cells (Tconvs), without perturbing Treg-dependent immune homeostasis in healthy organs and causing autoimmunity. Here, we review current cancer immunotherapy strategies, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies against CTLA-4 and PD-1 and discuss their effects on TI-Tregs. We also discuss approaches that exploit differentially regulated molecules on the cell surface (e.g., CTLA-4) and intracellularly (e.g., T cell receptor signaling molecules) between TI-Tregs and Tconvs as well as their dependence on cytokines (e.g., IL-2) and metabolites (e.g., lactate). We envisage that targeting TI-Tregs could be effective as a monotherapy and/or when combined with ICB antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tay
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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119
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Zhang T, Yu-Jing L, Ma T. Role of regulation of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1029438. [PMID: 36969168 PMCID: PMC10035551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1029438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Long term immunosuppression is problematic during sepsis. The PD-1 and PD-L1 immune checkpoint proteins have potent immunosuppressive functions. Recent studies have revealed several features of PD-1 and PD-L1 and their roles in sepsis. Here, we summarize the overall findings of PD-1 and PD-L1 by first reviewing the biological features of PD-1 and PD-L1 and then discussing the mechanisms that control the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1. We then review the functions of PD-1 and PD-L1 in physiological settings and further discuss PD-1 and PD-L1 in sepsis, including their involvement in several sepsis-related processes and their potential therapeutic relevance in sepsis. In general, PD-1 and PD-L1 have critical roles in sepsis, indicating that their regulation may be a potential therapeutic target for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Yu-Jing
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Ma,
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Kennedy A, Robinson MA, Hinze C, Waters E, Williams C, Halliday N, Dovedi S, Sansom DM. The CTLA-4 immune checkpoint protein regulates PD-L1:PD-1 interaction via transendocytosis of its ligand CD80. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111556. [PMID: 36727298 PMCID: PMC9975936 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CTLA-4 and PD-1 are key immune checkpoint receptors that are targeted in the treatment of cancer. A recently identified physical interaction between the respective ligands, CD80 and PD-L1, has been shown to block PD-L1/PD-1 binding and to prevent PD-L1 inhibitory functions. Since CTLA-4 is known to capture and degrade its ligands via transendocytosis, we investigated the interplay between CD80 transendocytosis and CD80/PD-L1 interaction. We find that transendocytosis of CD80 results in a time-dependent recovery of PD-L1 availability that correlates with CD80 removal. Moreover, CD80 transendocytosis is highly specific in that only CD80 is internalised, while its heterodimeric PD-L1 partner remains on the plasma membrane of the antigen-presenting cell (APC). CTLA-4 interactions with CD80 do not appear to be inhibited by PD-L1, but efficient removal of CD80 requires an intact CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domain, distinguishing this process from more general trogocytosis and simple CTLA-4 binding to CD80/PD-L1 complexes. These data are consistent with CTLA-4 acting as modulator of PD-L1:PD-1 interactions via control of CD80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kennedy
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
| | | | - Claudia Hinze
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
| | - Erin Waters
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
| | | | - Neil Halliday
- UCL Institute of Immunity and TransplantationLondonUK
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Antony GR, Littleflower AB, Parambil ST, Subhadradevi L. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and improves chemotherapeutic response in breast cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:108. [PMID: 36842157 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have recently been implemented for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) management with limited efficacy, indicating that this axis may promote tumor growth by means other than immune suppression. Because PD-L1 overexpression causes resistance to the chemotherapeutic response in many cancers, here we explored the tumor promoting role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in breast cancer. We observed that the downregulation of PD-L1 by specific siRNA and pharmacological inhibitor significantly suppressed tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration thereby enhancing T cell-mediated cell killing in vitro. We also showed that inhibiting PD-L1 improves cytotoxic sensitivity to chemotherapy in TNBC cells. Our in vivo results confirmed that combining a PD-L1 inhibitor with chemotherapy could significantly reduce tumor progression by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Overall, our results proved that PD-L1 contributes to the transformation and progression of breast cancer cells and that its intervention is a promising therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisha Rose Antony
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Ajeesh Babu Littleflower
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Sulfath Thottungal Parambil
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Lakshmi Subhadradevi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India.
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Jiang G, Miao Y, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Zhou P, Zhang F. Prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor and programmed cell death-ligand 1 co-expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1107-1129. [PMID: 36812484 PMCID: PMC10008495 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to observe the correlation between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and evaluate prognostic potential of their co-expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. EGFR and PD-L1 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. We revealed that there was a positive correlation between EGFR and PD-L1 expression in ESCC (P = 0.004). According to the positive relationship between EGFR and PD-L1, all patients were divided into four groups: EGFR (+)/PD-L1 (+), EGFR (+)/PD-L1 (-), EGFR (-)/PD-L1 (+), and EGFR (-)/PD-L1 (-). In 57 ESCC patients without surgery, we found that EGFR and PD-L1 co-expression were statistically correlated with a lower objective response rate (ORR) (p = 0.029), overall survival (OS) (p = 0.018) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.045) than those with one or none positive protein. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression has a significant positive correlation with infiltration level of 19 immune cells, EGFR expression was significantly correlated with infiltration level of 12 immune cells. The infiltration level of CD8 T cell and B cell were negatively correlated with EGFR expression. On the contrary with EGFR, the infiltration level of CD8 T cell, and B cell were positively correlated with PD-L1 expression. In conclusion, EGFR and PD-L1 co-expression could predict poor ORR and survival in ESCC without surgery, indicating a subset of patients who may benefit from a combination of targeted therapy against EGFR and PD-L1, which may expand the population benefiting from immunotherapy and reduce the occurrence of hyper progressive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Jiang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Yandong Miao
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Binzhou Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo 255200, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo 255200, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 26400, Shandong, China
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A Phase 1/2 study of the PD-L1 inhibitor, BGB-A333, alone and in combination with the PD-1 inhibitor, tislelizumab, in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1418-1428. [PMID: 36797356 PMCID: PMC10070264 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients do not respond or eventually relapse on treatment with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors due to secondary or acquired resistance; therefore, there is a need to investigate novel PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. METHODS This open-label, non-randomised study investigated the safety and anti-tumour activity of BGB-A333, a PD-L1 inhibitor, alone and in combination with tislelizumab in patients with advanced solid tumours with progression during/after standard therapy. The primary objectives were to determine the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D), safety and tolerability for BGB-A333 alone and in combination with tislelizumab (Phase 1a/1b) and to determine the overall response rate (ORR) with BGB-A333 plus tislelizumab (Phase 2). RESULTS Overall, 39 patients across Phase 1a (N = 15), 1b (N = 12) and 2 (N = 12) were enroled. In Phase 1a, an RP2D of 1350 mg was determined. In Phase 1a and 1b/2, serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in five and eight patients, respectively. Two patients experienced TEAEs that led to death. In Phase 2, the ORR was 41.7% (n = 5/12; 95% confidence interval: 15.17%, 72.33%). CONCLUSIONS TEAEs reported with BGB-A333 were consistent with other PD-L1 inhibitors. Encouraging preliminary anti-tumour activity was observed with BGB-A333 in combination with tislelizumab. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03379259.
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Zhang Z, Xiong Q, Xu Y, Cai X, Zhang L, Zhu Q. The PD-L1 Expression and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Predict an Unfavorable Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Adenosquamous Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041398. [PMID: 36835933 PMCID: PMC9965576 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a vital role in the development, progression, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer (PC). The composition of the TME and its potential prognostic value remains to be fully understood, especially in adenosquamous carcinoma of pancreas (ASCP) patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to explore the clinical significance of CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3, and PD-L1 expression within the TME and to identify correlations with the prognosis of PC in a series of 29 patients with ASCP and 54 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were accessed to obtain the scRNA-seq data and transcriptome profiles. Seurat was used to process the scRNA-seq data, and CellChat was used to analyze cell-cell communication. CIBERSORT was used to approximate the constitution of tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TICs) profiles. Higher levels of PD-L1 were linked with a shorter overall survival in ASCP (p = 0.0007) and PDAC (p = 0.0594). A higher expression of CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration was significantly correlated with a better prognosis in PC. By influencing the composition of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs), high levels of PD-L1 expression are linked with a shorter overall survival in ASCP and PDAC.
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Li M, Jiang P, Wei S, Wang J, Li C. The role of macrophages-mediated communications among cell compositions of tumor microenvironment in cancer progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1113312. [PMID: 36845095 PMCID: PMC9947507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that tumor-associated macrophages are the most abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment and play an important role in tumor initiation and progression. Furthermore, the proportion of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment is associated with the prognosis of patients with cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages can polarize into anti-tumorigenic phenotype (M1) and pro-tumorigenic phenotype (M2) by the stimulation of T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 cells respectively, and then exert opposite effects on tumor progression. Besides, there also is wide communication between tumor-associated macrophages and other immune compositions, such as cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, neutrophils and so on. Furthermore, the crosstalk between tumor-associated macrophages and other immune cells greatly influences tumor development and treatment outcomes. Notably, many functional molecules and signaling pathways have been found to participate in the interactions between tumor-associated macrophages and other immune cells and can be targeted to regulate tumor progression. Therefore, regulating these interactions and CAR-M therapy are considered to be novel immunotherapeutic pathways for the treatment of malignant tumors. In this review, we summarized the interactions between tumor-associated macrophages and other immune compositions in the tumor microenvironment and the underlying molecular mechanisms and analyzed the possibility to block or eradicate cancer by regulating tumor-associated macrophage-related tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuhua Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- *Correspondence: Chunxiao Li, ; Junjie Wang,
| | - Chunxiao Li
- *Correspondence: Chunxiao Li, ; Junjie Wang,
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Hu B, Kong S, Weng Y, Zhao D, Hussain A, Jiao Q, Zhan S, Qiu L, Lin J, Xie M, Li B, Huang Y. Lipid-conjugated siRNA hitchhikes endogenous albumin for tumor immunotherapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Vranic S, Gatalica Z. PD-L1 testing by immunohistochemistry in immuno-oncology. BIOMOLECULES AND BIOMEDICINE 2023; 23:15-25. [PMID: 35964287 PMCID: PMC9901897 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2022.7953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy, based on immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and/or Programmed Death Receptor 1 (PD-1), has substantially improved the outcomes of patients with various cancers. However, only ~30% of patients benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Tumor PD-L1 expression, assessed by immunohistochemistry, is the most widely validated and used predictive biomarker to guide the selection of patients for immune checkpoint inhibitors. PD-L1 assessment may be challenging due to the necessity for different companion diagnostic assays for required specific immune checkpoint inhibitors and a relatively high level of inter-assay variability in terms of performance and cutoff levels. In this review, we discuss the role of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry as a predictive test in immunotherapy (immuno-oncology), highlight the complexity of the PD-L1 testing landscape, discuss various preanalytical, analytical and clinical issues that are associated with PD-L1 assays, and provide some insights into optimization of PD-L1 as a predictive biomarker in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,Correspondence to Semir Vranic:
| | - Zoran Gatalica
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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128
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Shi Y, Qin X, Peng X, Zeng A, Li J, Chen C, Qiu S, Pan S, Zheng Y, Cai J, Chen X, Qu S, Lin L, Huang J, Wu H, Lu Y, Wang W, Hu C, He X, Yu Z, Liu X, Xie B, Liu A, Hu G, Jing S, Zhang Q, Guo R, Li Q, Hong J, Jin F, Meng J, Shi J, Wang P, Cui J, Yang K, Zhang X, Li X, Shen L, He Y, Zhai L, Sun X, Ge J, Qing Y, Zong D. Efficacy and safety of KL-A167 in previously treated recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 31:100617. [PMID: 36879786 PMCID: PMC9985015 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background KL-A167 is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death-ligand 1. This phase 2 study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KL-A167 in Chinese patients with previously treated recurrent or metastatic (R/M) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods This was a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study of KL-A167 in R/M NPC (KL167-2-05-CTP) (NCT03848286), conducted at 42 hospitals across the People's Republic of China. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed non-keratinising R/M NPC, and had failed at least two lines of chemotherapy. Patients received KL-A167 900mg intravenously once every 2 weeks until confirmed disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or withdrawal of informed consent. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by the independent review committee (IRC) according to RECIST v1.1. Findings Between Feb 26th, 2019 and Jan 13th, 2021, 153 patients were treated. Totally, 132 patients entered full analysis set (FAS) and were evaluated for the efficacy. As of data cutoff date on Jul 13th, 2021, the median follow-up time was 21.7 months (95%CI 19.8-22.5). For FAS population, the IRC-assessed ORR was 26.5% (95%CI 19.2-34.9%), and disease control rate (DCR) was 56.8% (95%CI 47.9-65.4%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.8 months (95%CI 1.5-4.1) . Median duration of response was 12.4 months (95%CI 6.8-16.5), and median overall survival (OS) was 16.2 months (95%CI 13.4-21.3). When using the cutoff of 1000 copies/ml, 5000 copies/ml and 10,000 copies/ml for plasma EBV DNA titer, baseline low plasma EBV DNA was consistently related with better DCR, PFS and OS. Dynamic change of plasma EBV DNA was significantly associated with ORR and PFS. Among 153 patients, treatment related-adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 73.2% of patients, and grade ≥3 TRAEs were in 15.0% of patients. No TRAE leading to death was reported. Conclusion In this study, KL-A167 showed promising efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in patients with previously treated R/M NPC. Baseline plasma EBV DNA copy number might be a potentially useful prognostic biomarker for KL-A167 treatment, and post-treatment EBV DNA decrease might be correlated with better response to KL-A167. Funding Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China National Major Project for New Drug Innovation (2017ZX09304015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xintian Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiping Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institution/ Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jingao Li
- Department of Head and neck radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuanben Chen
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sufang Qiu
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Suming Pan
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yulong Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaopin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenhong Qu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The people's hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Nanning, China
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianli Huang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province/Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of oncology radiotherapy, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liuzhou worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology-Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Changlu Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghua Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanghua Jing
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Breast Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Peiguo Wang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College/Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of Head and Neck surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxiang He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Limin Zhai
- Department of Head and Neck neoplasm, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuhua Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junyou Ge
- Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Qing
- Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zong
- Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
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Ex Vivo Blockade of the PD-1 Pathway Improves Recall IFNγ Responses of HIV-Infected Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020211. [PMID: 36851089 PMCID: PMC9965969 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), immune exhaustion persists in HIV infection and limits T cell responses to HIV or other pathogens. Moreover, HIV infection results in the loss of pre-existing immunity. Here, we investigated the effect of blocking the PD-1 pathway on recall IFNγ responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) and measles virus (MV) antigens in HIV-infected persons on ART with prior TT and MV immunity. The ex vivo treatment of lymphocytes with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies significantly increased TT- and MV-specific IFNγ responses. The responses to TT and MV antigens alone or in combination with antibodies blocking the PD-1 pathway positively correlated with CD4 T cell levels. Furthermore, T cell PD-1 expression levels inversely correlated with recall IFNγ responses in combination with antibodies blocking the PD-1 pathway but not with IFNγ responses to antigens only. Our study suggested that targeting the PD-1 pathway may boost vaccine-induced pre-existing immunity in HIV-infected persons on ART depending on the degree of immune exhaustion.
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Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells Attenuate Immune Responses Through Induction of Tolerogenic Macrophages at Early Stage of Transplantation. Transplantation 2023; 107:140-155. [PMID: 35876378 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are a type of stromal cells located in the T zone in secondary lymphoid organs. Previous studies showed that FRCs possess the potential to promote myeloid differentiation. We aim to investigate whether FRCs in lymph nodes (LNs) could induce tolerogenic macrophage generation and further influence T-cell immunity at an early stage of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS LNs were assayed to confirm the existence of proliferating macrophages after allo-HSCT. Ex vivo-expanded FRCs and bone marrow cells were cocultured to verify the generation of macrophages. Real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA assays were performed to observe the cytokines expressed by FRC. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to compare the difference between FRC-induced macrophages (FMs) and conventional macrophages. Mixed lymphocyte reaction and the utilization of FMs in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) mice were used to test the inhibitory function of FMs in T-cell immunity in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found a large number of proliferating macrophages near FRCs in LNs with tolerogenic phenotype under allo-HSCT conditions. Neutralizing anti-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor antibody abolished FMs generation in vitro. Phenotypic analysis and transcriptome sequencing suggested FMs possessed immunoinhibitory function. Mixed lymphocyte reaction proved that FMs could inhibit T-cell activation and differentiation toward Th1/Tc1 cells. Injection of FMs in aGVHD mice effectively attenuated aGVHD severity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS This study has revealed a novel mechanism of immune regulation through the generation of FRC-induced tolerogenic macrophages in LNs at an early stage of allo-HSCT.
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Pan M, Zhao H, Jin R, Leung PSC, Shuai Z. Targeting immune checkpoints in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis: the potential therapeutic targets in the future. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156212. [PMID: 37090741 PMCID: PMC10115969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is a necrotizing vasculitis mainly involving small blood vessels. It is demonstrated that T cells are important in the pathogenesis of AAV, including regulatory T cells (Treg) and helper T cells (Th), especially Th2, Th17, and follicular Th cells (Tfh). In addition, the exhaustion of T cells predicted the favorable prognosis of AAV. The immune checkpoints (ICs) consist of a group of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules expressed on the surface of T cells, which maintains a balance between the activation and exhaustion of T cells. CD28, inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS), OX40, CD40L, glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR), and CD137 are the common co-stimulatory molecules, while the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), T-cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT), CD200, and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) belong to co-inhibitory molecules. If this balance was disrupted and the activation of T cells was increased, autoimmune diseases (AIDs) might be induced. Even in the treatment of malignant tumors, activation of T cells by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may result in AIDs known as rheumatic immune-related adverse events (Rh-irAEs), suggesting the importance of ICs in AIDs. In this review, we summarized the features of AAV induced by immunotherapy using ICIs in patients with malignant tumors, and then reviewed the biological characteristics of different ICs. Our aim was to explore potential targets in ICs for future treatment of AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruimin Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Patrick S. C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zongwen Shuai, ; Patrick S. C. Leung,
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zongwen Shuai, ; Patrick S. C. Leung,
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Hu X, Wang L, Shang B, Wang J, Sun J, Liang B, Su L, You W, Jiang S. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated toxicity in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: An updated understanding of risk factors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094414. [PMID: 36949956 PMCID: PMC10025397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, etc, have revolutionized cancer treatment strategies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While these immunotherapy agents have achieved durable clinical benefits in a subset of NSCLC patients, they bring in a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which involve cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine and dermatologic system damage, ranging from mild to life-threatening. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand the occurrence of irAEs and predict patients who are susceptible to those toxicities. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of what is updated about the clinical manifestations, mechanisms, predictive biomarkers and management of ICI-associated toxicity in NSCLC. In addition, this review also provides perspective directions for future research of NSCLC-related irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiao Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Junren Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjie You
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjie You, ; Shujuan Jiang,
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjie You, ; Shujuan Jiang,
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Chen X, Liu X, Jiang Y, Xia N, Liu C, Luo W. Abnormally primed CD8 T cells: The Achilles' heel of CHB. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106700. [PMID: 36936922 PMCID: PMC10014547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a significant public health challenge, and more than 250 million people around world are infected with HBV. The clearance of HBV with virus-specific CD8 T cells is critical for a functional cure. However, naïve HBV-specific CD8 T cells are heavily hindered during the priming process, and this phenomenon is closely related to abnormal cell and signal interactions in the complex immune microenvironment. Here, we briefly summarize the recent progress in understanding the abnormal priming of HBV-specific CD8 T cells and some corresponding immunotherapies to facilitate their functional recovery, which provides a novel perspective for the design and development of immunotherapy for chronic HBV infection (CHB). Finally, we also highlight the balance between viral clearance and pathological liver injury induced by CD8 T-cell activation that should be carefully considered during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yichao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxin Luo, ; Chao Liu,
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxin Luo, ; Chao Liu,
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The Role of Cellular Immunity and Adaptive Immunity in Pathophysiology of Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1394:51-72. [PMID: 36587381 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14732-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Major advances have been made in our understanding of CNS tumors, especially glioma, however, the survival of patients with malignant glioma remains poor. While radiation and chemotherapy have increased overall survival, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) still has one of the worst 5-year survival rates of all human cancers. Here, in this chapter, the authors review the abrogation of the immune system in the tumor setting, revealing many plausible targets for therapy and the current immunotherapy treatment strategies employed. Notably, glioma has also been characterized as a subset of primary spinal cord tumor and current treatment recommendations are outlined here.
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Li Q, Han J, Yang Y, Chen Y. PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1070961. [PMID: 36601120 PMCID: PMC9806143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high prevalence and mortality rate worldwide. Sorafenib monotherapy has been the standard of first-line treatment for advanced HCC for a long time, but there are still many shortcomings. In recent years, with the deepening of research on tumor immune microenvironment, researchers have begun to explore new approaches in immunotherapy, and the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has brought fundamental changes to the treatment of HCC. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint molecule that plays an important role in down-regulating immune system function and promoting tolerance. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) is involved in tumor immune evasion by binding to PD-1, resulting in failure of treatment. Currently, immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has achieved unprecedented success in HCC, but it also faces great challenges, with its low remission rate still to be solved. For most patients with HCC, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is not the only rate limiting factor of antitumor immunity, and blocking only the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is not enough to stimulate an effective antitumor immune response; thus, combination therapy may be a better option. In this study, changes in the immune microenvironment of HCC patients were reviewed to clarify the feasibility of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, and a series of monotherapy and combination therapy clinical trials were summarized to verify the safety and efficacy of this newly developed treatment in patients with advanced HCC. Furthermore, we focused on hyperprogressive disease and drug resistance to gain a better understanding of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as a promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonglin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Guan J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Yuan Z, Cheng J, Chen B. Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32333. [PMID: 36550903 PMCID: PMC9771317 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors has been widely used in the treatment of solid tumors and Hodgkin lymphoma, demonstrating powerful efficacy and good safety. However, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis to fully investigate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in treating non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and abstracts of conference proceedings of annual meetings up to January 23, 2022, to identify eligible clinical trials. To evaluate the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, objective response rate (ORR), complete response rate (CRR), 1-year overall survival rate, and 1-year progression-free survival rate were analyzed. For safety analysis, we calculated rates of any grade and grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events. RESULTS Overall 22 studies and 1150 participants were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The pooled ORR, CRR, 1-year overall survival, and 1-year progression-free survival rates were 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.54), 0.21 (95% CI, 0.13-0.31), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.58-0.89), and 0.42 (95% CI, 0.29-0.62), respectively. The ORR and CRR in the combination immunochemotherapy subgroup (0.65 and 0.41) were higher than those in the monotherapy (0.27 and 0.09) and combination chemotherapy (0.39 and 0.19) subgroups. This study was registered with PROSPERO (#CRD 42022316805). CONCLUSION Given that there were limited clinical trials and relatively few relevant studies, we conducted this meta-analysis to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in NHL. Our results suggested that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors improved outcomes of responses as well as survival rates in NHL patients with tolerable adverse events. More well-designed randomized clinical trials are still needed to further confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Guan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongshu Yuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Enhanced Therapeutic Effect of Optimized Melittin-dKLA, a Peptide Agent Targeting M2-like Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415751. [PMID: 36555393 PMCID: PMC9779714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a high possibility of metastasis. M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a key role in TNBC metastasis. Therefore, TAMs may be a potential target for reducing TNBC metastasis. Melittin-dKLA, a peptide composed of fused melittin and pro-apoptotic peptide d(KLAKLAK)2 (dKLA), showed a potent therapeutic effect against cancers by depleting TAMs. However, melittin has a strong adverse hemolytic effect. Hence, we attempted to improve the therapeutic potential of melittin-dKLA by reducing toxicity and increasing stability. Nine truncated melittin fragments were synthesized and examined. Of the nine peptides, the melittin-dKLA8-26 showed the best binding properties to M2 macrophages and discriminated M0/M1/M2. All fragments, except melittin, lost their hemolytic effects. To increase the stability of the peptide, melittin-dKLA8-26 fragment was conjugated with PEGylation at the amino terminus and was named PEG-melittin-dKLA8-26. This final drug candidate was assessed in vivo in a murine TNBC model and showed superior effects on tumor growth, survival rates, and lung metastasis compared with the previously used melittin-dKLA. Taken together, our study showed that the novel PEG-melittin-dKLA8-26 possesses potential as a new drug for treating TNBC and TNBC-mediated metastasis by targeting TAMs.
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Yao J, Gao R, Luo M, Li D, Guo L, Yu Z, Xiong F, Wei C, Wu B, Xu Z, Zhang D, Wang J, Wang L. Exosomal LINC00460/miR-503-5p/ANLN positive feedback loop aggravates pancreatic cancer progression through regulating T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and PD-1 checkpoint. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:390. [PMID: 36482354 PMCID: PMC9733079 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00460 is an onco-lncRNA in a variety of cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PC). This study is aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of LINC00460 in PC. METHODS The tumor and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 73 PC patients. The expression of LINC00460, miR-503-5p, and ANLN was detected using qRT-PCR. We then analyzed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis/cell cycle of PC cells by performing the MTT/EdU, transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The xenograft tumor model were utilized to confirm the effect of LINC00460 knockdown on PC through anti-PD-1 therapy in vivo, and the sensitivity of PANC-1 cells to the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells in vitro. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels. A co-culture model was utilized to explore the effects of exosomes on macrophages. RESULTS LINC00460 was up-regulated in PC tissues and cells. LINC00460 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, facilitated cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest, and inhibited the tumor growth through anti-PD-1 therapy. Both miR-503-5p down-regulation and ANLN up-regulation reversed the effects of LINC00460 knockdown on inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion, and on promoting the apoptosis, G0/G1 phase arrest, and the sensitivity of PC cells to the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. Exosomes were uptaken by the ambient PC cells. PANC-1 cells-derived exosomal LINC00460-induced M2 macrophage polarization accelerates the cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS LINC00460 silencing attenuates the development of PC by regulating the miR-503-5p/ANLN axis and exosomal LINC00460-induced M2 macrophage polarization accelerates the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells, thus LINC00460 may act as a possible therapeutic target for treating PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, No. 1017, East Gate Road, Shenzhen City, 518020 Guangdong Province China
| | - Ruoyu Gao
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, No. 1017, East Gate Road, Shenzhen City, 518020 Guangdong Province China
| | - Minghan Luo
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, No. 1017, East Gate Road, Shenzhen City, 518020 Guangdong Province China
| | - Defeng Li
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, No. 1017, East Gate Road, Shenzhen City, 518020 Guangdong Province China
| | - Liliangzi Guo
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, No. 1017, East Gate Road, Shenzhen City, 518020 Guangdong Province China
| | - Zichao Yu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, No. 1017, East Gate Road, Shenzhen City, 518020 Guangdong Province China
| | - Feng Xiong
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, No. 1017, East Gate Road, Shenzhen City, 518020 Guangdong Province China
| | - Cheng Wei
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, No. 1017, East Gate Road, Shenzhen City, 518020 Guangdong Province China
| | - Benhua Wu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, No. 1017, East Gate Road, Shenzhen City, 518020 Guangdong Province China
| | - Zhenglei Xu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, No. 1017, East Gate Road, Shenzhen City, 518020 Guangdong Province China
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, No. 1017, East Gate Road, Shenzhen City, 518020 Guangdong Province China
| | - Jianyao Wang
- grid.452787.b0000 0004 1806 5224Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, No. 7019, Yitian Road Road, Shenzhen City, 518026 Guangdong Province China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, No. 1017, East Gate Road, Shenzhen City, 518020 Guangdong Province China
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Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Immune Response in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246034. [PMID: 36551522 PMCID: PMC9776701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2-positive) breast cancer accounts for 15 to 25% of breast cancer cases. Although therapies based on the use of monoclonal anti-HER2 antibodies present clinical benefit for a subtype of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, more than 50% of them are unresponsive to targeted therapies or they eventually relapse. In recent years, reactivation of the adaptive immune system in patients with solid tumors has emerged as a therapeutic option with great potential for clinical benefit. Since the approval of the first treatment directed against HER2 as a therapeutic target, the range of clinical options has expanded greatly, and, in this sense, cellular immunotherapy with T cells relies on the cytotoxicity generated by these cells, which ultimately leads to antitumor activity. Lymphocytic infiltration of tumors encompasses a heterogeneous population of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment that exhibits distinct patterns of immune activation and exhaustion. The prevalence and prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) counts are associated with a favorable prognosis in HER2-positive breast cancers. This review discusses emerging findings that contribute to a better understanding of the role of immune infiltrates in HER2-positive breast cancer. In addition, it summarizes the most recent results in HER2-positive breast cancer immunotherapy and anticipates which therapeutic strategies could be applied in the immediate future.
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Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Insights, Preclinical and Clinical Data, and Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315384. [PMID: 36499710 PMCID: PMC9738355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) constitutes one of the main immune evasion mechanisms of cancer cells. The approval of drugs against the PD-1-PD-L1 axis has given new impetus to the chemo-therapy of many malignancies. We performed a literature review from 1992 to August 2022, summarizing evidence regarding molecular structures, physiological and pathological roles, mechanisms of PD-L1 overexpression, and immunotherapy evasion. Furthermore, we summarized the studies concerning head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) immunotherapy and the prospects for improving the associated outcomes, such as identifying treatment response biomarkers, new pharmacological combinations, and new molecules. PD-L1 overexpression can occur via four mechanisms: genetic modifications; inflammatory signaling; oncogenic pathways; microRNA or protein-level regulation. Four molecular mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy have been identified: tumor cell adaptation; changes in T-cell function or proliferation; alterations of the tumor microenvironment; alternative immunological checkpoints. Immunotherapy was indeed shown to be superior to traditional chemotherapy in locally advanced/recurrent/metastatic HNSCC treatments.
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Kang-Pettinger T, Walker K, Brown R, Cowan R, Wright H, Baravalle R, Waters LC, Muskett FW, Bowler MW, Sawmynaden K, Coombs PJ, Carr MD, Hall G. Identification, binding, and structural characterization of single domain anti-PD-L1 antibodies inhibitory of immune regulatory proteins PD-1 and CD80. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102769. [PMID: 36470427 PMCID: PMC9811221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a key immune regulatory protein that interacts with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), leading to T-cell suppression. Whilst this interaction is key in self-tolerance, cancer cells evade the immune system by overexpressing PD-L1. Inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway with standard monoclonal antibodies has proven a highly effective cancer treatment; however, single domain antibodies (VHH) may offer numerous potential benefits. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a diverse panel of 16 novel VHHs specific to PD-L1. The panel of VHHs demonstrate affinities of 0.7 nM to 5.1 μM and were able to completely inhibit PD-1 binding to PD-L1. The binding site for each VHH on PD-L1 was determined using NMR chemical shift perturbation mapping and revealed a common binding surface encompassing the PD-1-binding site. Additionally, we solved crystal structures of two representative VHHs in complex with PD-L1, which revealed unique binding modes. Similar NMR experiments were used to identify the binding site of CD80 on PD-L1, which is another immune response regulatory element and interacts with PD-L1 localized on the same cell surface. CD80 and PD-1 were revealed to share a highly overlapping binding site on PD-L1, with the panel of VHHs identified expected to inhibit CD80 binding. Comparison of the CD80 and PD-1 binding sites on PD-L1 enabled the identification of a potential antibody binding region able to confer specificity for the inhibition of PD-1 binding only, which may offer therapeutic benefits to counteract cancer cell evasion of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Kang-Pettinger
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kayleigh Walker
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard Brown
- LifeArc, Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
| | - Richard Cowan
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Helena Wright
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Roberta Baravalle
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Lorna C. Waters
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Frederick W. Muskett
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Kovilen Sawmynaden
- LifeArc, Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
| | - Peter J. Coombs
- LifeArc, Centre for Therapeutics Discovery, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
| | - Mark D. Carr
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK,For correspondence: Gareth Hall; Mark D. Carr
| | - Gareth Hall
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK,For correspondence: Gareth Hall; Mark D. Carr
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142
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Vicier C, Isambert N, Cropet C, Hamimed M, Osanno L, Legrand F, de La Motte Rouge T, Ciccolini J, Gonçalves A. MOVIE: a phase I, open-label, multicenter study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of metronomic vinorelbine combined with durvalumab plus tremelimumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100646. [PMID: 36521418 PMCID: PMC9808477 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) agents have only moderate antitumor activity in some advanced solid tumors (AST), including breast cancer (BC), prostate cancer (PC), cervical cancer (CC), and head and neck cancer (HNC). Combining anti-PD-L1 with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA) and chemotherapy may significantly improve efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS MOVIE is a multicohort phase I/II study examining the combination of anti-PD-L1 durvalumab (Durv; 1500 mg IV Q4W) plus anti-CTLA tremelimumab (Trem; 75 mg IV Q4W) with metronomic vinorelbine (MVino; 20-40 mg orally daily) in various AST resistant to conventional therapies. The primary objective of the phase I part was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose for phase II (RP2D). RESULTS Among the 14 patients enrolled during phase I, including 13 women and 1 man, 9 had BC, 1 PC, 2 CC, and 2 miscellaneous cancers with high mutational loads. Median age was 53 years. A total of 12 patients were assessable for the dose-escalation part in which only one dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed [one neutropenia without fever, grade (G) 4]. Two (14.3%), four (28.6%), and four (28.6%) patients had G ≥3 adverse events (AEs) related to MVino, Durv, and Trem, respectively. Treatment-related events included mostly clinical AEs with asthenia (eight G2; three G3), colitis (one G2, one G3), diarrhea (one G3), nausea (two G2), dry skin (two G2), maculopapular rash (one G3), and hyperthyroidism (three G2). No toxic death was reported. Preliminary data showed one patient (CC) who presented a complete response and four patients with stable disease (SD). CONCLUSIONS MTD was not reached and dose level 2 (MVino 40 mg, Durv 1500 mg, Trem 75 mg) was selected as RP2D. The safety profile of the combination was manageable and consistent with previous reports of Trem + Durv or MVino. Phase II is currently ongoing in BC, PC, CC, HNC, and miscellaneous cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vicier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - N Isambert
- Service d'Oncologie médicale, CLCC Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - C Cropet
- Department of Biostatistics, Direction of Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - M Hamimed
- SMARTc unit, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM) UMR INSERM U1068, Aix-Marseille University (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - L Osanno
- SMARTc unit, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM) UMR INSERM U1068, Aix-Marseille University (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - F Legrand
- UNICANCER, Department of Research & Development, Paris, France
| | - T de La Motte Rouge
- Eugène-Marquis Centre, Avenue de la Bataille Flandres-Dunkerque, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - J Ciccolini
- SMARTc unit, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM) UMR INSERM U1068, Aix-Marseille University (AMU), Marseille, France
| | - A Gonçalves
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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143
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Landi L, Delmonte A, Bonetti A, Pasello G, Metro G, Mazzoni F, Borra G, Giannarelli D, Andrikou K, Mangiola D, Gori S, D'Andrea MR, Minuti G, Resuli B, Laudisi A, Vidiri A, Conti L, Cappuzzo F. Combi-TED: a new trial testing Tedopi ® with docetaxel or nivolumab in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer progressing after first line. Future Oncol 2022; 18:4457-4464. [PMID: 36946237 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the positive results obtained by first-line chemoimmunotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), only a few second-line options are available after disease progression. Combi-TED is a phase II international study that will assess the efficacy of Tedopi®, a cancer vaccine, combined with either docetaxel or nivolumab and compared with docetaxel monotherapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC after chemoimmunotherapy. The study, currently in the recruitment phase, will assess 1-year overall survival (primary end point), patient's progression-free survival and overall response rate, as well as the correlation of efficacy with several tumor or blood biomarkers. The results will hopefully provide more information on Tedopi combinational treatment compared with current standard of care in NSCLC patients who fail first-line chemoimmunotherapy. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04884282 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Landi
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Regina Elena' - Via Elio Chianesi n. 53, Roma (RM), 00144, Italy
| | - Angelo Delmonte
- Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori 'Dino Amadori' (IRST) - Via Piero Maroncelli n. 40, Meldola (FC), 47014, Italy
| | - Andrea Bonetti
- Azienda ULSS 9 Scaligera - Ospedale Mater Salutis Legnago - Via Gianella n.1, Legnago (VR), 37045, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, & Gastroenterology, University of Padova - Via Giustiniani n. 2 - Padova (PD), 35124, Italy
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Via Gattamelata n. 64, Padova (PD), 35128, Italy
| | - Giulio Metro
- Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia - Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia - Via Dottori n. 1, Perugia (PG), 06132, Italy
| | - Francesca Mazzoni
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi - Largo G.A. Brambilla n. 3, Firenze (FI), 50134, Italy
| | - Gloria Borra
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria 'Maggiore della Carità' - C.so Mazzini n. 18, Novara (NO), 28100, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistics, Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Largo Agostino Gemelli n. 8, Roma (RM) 00168, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Andrikou
- Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori 'Dino Amadori' (IRST) - Via Piero Maroncelli n. 40, Meldola (FC), 47014, Italy
| | - Daniela Mangiola
- Azienda ULSS 9 Scaligera - Ospedale Mater Salutis Legnago - Via Gianella n.1, Legnago (VR), 37045, Italy
| | - Stefania Gori
- IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria - Via Don A. Sempreboni n. 5, Negrar di Valpolicella (VR), 37024, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Minuti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Regina Elena' - Via Elio Chianesi n. 53, Roma (RM), 00144, Italy
| | - Blerina Resuli
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Regina Elena' - Via Elio Chianesi n. 53, Roma (RM), 00144, Italy
| | - Anastasia Laudisi
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Regina Elena' - Via Elio Chianesi n. 53, Roma (RM), 00144, Italy
| | - Antonello Vidiri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Regina Elena' - Via Elio Chianesi n. 53, Roma (RM), 00144, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Regina Elena' - Via Elio Chianesi n. 53, Roma (RM), 00144, Italy
| | - Federico Cappuzzo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Regina Elena' - Via Elio Chianesi n. 53, Roma (RM), 00144, Italy
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144
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Rouzbahani E, Majidpoor J, Najafi S, Mortezaee K. Cancer stem cells in immunoregulation and bypassing anti-checkpoint therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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145
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Mechanisms of Resistance and Strategies to Combat Resistance in PD-(L)1 Blockade. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged survival and durable responses in several late-stage cancers such as melanoma and lung cancer have been made possible with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1. While it is prudent to focus on the unprecedented and durable clinical responses, there are subsets of cancer patients that do not respond to immunotherapies or respond early and then relapse later. Many pathways of resistance have been characterized, and more continue to be uncovered. To overcome the development of resistance, an in-depth investigation is necessary to identify alternative immune receptors and signals with the overarching goal of expanding treatment options for those with demonstrated resistance to PD1 checkpoint immunotherapy. In this mini-review, we will discuss the mechanisms by which tumors exhibit resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and explore strategies to overcome such resistances.
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146
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Han X, Tian R, Wang C, Li Y, Song X. CircRNAs: Roles in regulating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1026073. [PMID: 36483049 PMCID: PMC9723173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1026073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the most common head and neck malignant tumor, with only monotherapy, is characterized by poor prognosis, and low 5-year survival rate. Due to the lack of therapeutic targets, the targeted drugs for HNSCC are rare. Therefore, exploring the regulation mechanism of HNSCC and identifying effective therapeutic targets will be beneficial to its treatment of. Circular RNA (CircRNA) is a class of RNA molecules with a circular structure, which is widely expressed in human body. CircRNAs regulate gene expression by exerting the function as a miRNA sponge, thereby mediating the occurrence and development of HNSCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and other processes. In addition, circRNAs are also involved in the regulation of tumor sensitivity to chemical drugs and other biological functions. In this review, we systematically listed the functions of circRNAs and explored the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in HNSCC from the aspects of tumor growth, cell death, angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis, tumor stem cell regulation, tumor drug resistance, immune escape, and tumor microenvironment. It will assist us in discovering new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, while encourage new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ruxian Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Cai Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
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147
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Luo J, Liu K, Wang Y, Li H. Divergent roles of PD-L1 in immune regulation during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021452. [PMID: 36479124 PMCID: PMC9720307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a type of pathological injury that commonly arises in various diseases. Various forms of immune response are involved in the process of I/R injury. As a member of the B7 costimulatory molecule family, programmed death 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important target for immune regulation. Therefore, PD-L1 may be implicated in the regulation of I/R injury. This review briefly describes the immune response during I/R injury and how PD-L1 is involved in its regulation by focusing on findings from various I/R models. Despite the limited number of studies in this field of research, PD-L1 has shown sufficient potential as a clinical therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong Wang
- *Correspondence: Yong Wang, ; Hongge Li,
| | - Hongge Li
- *Correspondence: Yong Wang, ; Hongge Li,
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148
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Combined Vaccination with B Cell Peptides Targeting Her-2/neu and Immune Checkpoints as Emerging Treatment Option in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225678. [PMID: 36428769 PMCID: PMC9688220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), targeting tumor-associated (TAAs) or tumor-specific antigens or immune checkpoints (ICs), has shown tremendous success in cancer therapy. However, the application of mAbs suffers from a series of limitations, including the necessity of frequent administration, the limited duration of clinical response and the emergence of frequently pronounced immune-related adverse events. However, the introduction of mAbs has also resulted in a multitude of novel developments for the treatment of cancers, including vaccinations against various tumor cell-associated epitopes. Here, we reviewed recent clinical trials involving combination therapies with mAbs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and Her-2/neu, which was chosen as a paradigm for a clinically highly relevant TAA. Our recent findings from murine immunizations against the PD-1 pathway and Her-2/neu with peptides representing the mimotopes/B cell peptides of therapeutic antibodies targeting these molecules are an important focus of the present review. Moreover, concerns regarding the safety of vaccination approaches targeting PD-1, in the context of the continuing immune response, as a result of induced immunological memory, are also addressed. Hence, we describe a new frontier of cancer treatment by active immunization using combined mimotopes/B cell peptides aimed at various targets relevant to cancer biology.
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149
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Cancer Patients and the COVID-19 Vaccines: Considerations and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225630. [PMID: 36428722 PMCID: PMC9688380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Few guidelines exist for COVID-19 vaccination amongst cancer patients, fostering uncertainty regarding the immunogenicity, safety, and effects of cancer therapies on vaccination, which this review aims to address. A literature review was conducted to include the latest articles covering the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with solid and hematologic cancers receiving various treatments. Lower seropositivity following vaccination was associated with malignancy (compared to the general population), and hematologic malignancy (compared to solid cancers). Patients receiving active cancer therapy (unspecified), chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunosuppressants generally demonstrated lower seropositivity compared to healthy controls; though checkpoint inhibition, endocrine therapy, and cyclin dependent kinase inhibition did not appear to affect seropositivity. Vaccination appeared safe and well-tolerated in patients with current or past cancer and those undergoing treatment. Adverse events were comparable to the general population, but inflammatory lymphadenopathy following vaccination was commonly reported and may be mistaken for malignant etiology. Additionally, radiation recall phenomenon was sporadically reported in patients who had received radiotherapy. Overall, while seropositivity rates were decreased, cancer patients showed capacity to generate safe and effective immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination, thus vaccination should be encouraged and hesitancy should be addressed in this population.
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150
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Tumor extracellular vesicles mediate anti-PD-L1 therapy resistance by decoying anti-PD-L1. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1290-1301. [PMID: 36220994 PMCID: PMC9622748 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-L1+ tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) cause systemic immunosuppression and possibly resistance to anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1) blockade. However, whether and how PD-L1+ TEVs mediate αPD-L1 therapy resistance is unknown. Here, we show that PD-L1+ TEVs substantially decoy αPD-L1 and that TEV-bound αPD-L1 is more rapidly cleared by macrophages, causing insufficient blockade of tumor PD-L1 and subsequent αPD-L1 therapy resistance. Inhibition of endogenous production of TEVs by Rab27a or Coro1a knockout reverses αPD-L1 therapy resistance. Either an increased αPD-L1 dose or macrophage depletion mediated by the clinical drug pexidartinib abolishes αPD-L1 therapy resistance. Moreover, in the treatment cycle with the same total treatment dose of αPD-L1, high-dose and low-frequency treatment had better antitumor effects than low-dose and high-frequency treatment, induced stronger antitumor immune memory, and eliminated αPD-L1 therapy resistance. Notably, in humanized immune system mice with human xenograft tumors, both increased αPD-L1 dose and high-dose and low-frequency treatment enhanced the antitumor effects of αPD-L1. Furthermore, increased doses of αPD-L1 and αPD-1 had comparable antitumor effects, but αPD-L1 amplified fewer PD-1+ Treg cells, which are responsible for tumor hyperprogression. Altogether, our results reveal a TEV-mediated mechanism of αPD-L1-specific therapy resistance, thus providing promising strategies to improve αPD-L1 efficacy.
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