101
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Early programming of CD8 + T cell response by the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24392-24402. [PMID: 32913051 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007224117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing long-term persistence while simultaneously potentiating the effector response of CD8+ T cells has been a long-standing goal in immunology to produce better vaccines and adoptive cell therapy products. NR4A3 is a transcription factor of the orphan nuclear receptor family. While it is rapidly and transiently expressed following T cell activation, its role in the early stages of T cell response is unknown. We show that NR4A3-deficient murine CD8+ T cells differentiate preferentially into memory precursor and central memory cells, but also produce more cytokines. This is explained by an early influence of NR4A3 deficiency on the memory transcriptional program and on accessibility of chromatin regions with motifs for bZIP transcription factors, which impacts the transcription of Fos/Jun target genes. Our results reveal a unique and early role for NR4A3 in programming CD8+ T cell differentiation and function. Manipulating NR4A3 activity may represent a promising strategy to improve vaccination and T cell therapy.
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102
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Pastor-Fernández G, Mariblanca IR, Navarro MN. Decoding IL-23 Signaling Cascade for New Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092044. [PMID: 32906785 PMCID: PMC7563346 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. The pathological consequences of excessive IL-23 signaling have been linked to its ability to promote the production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-17, IL-22, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating (GM-CSF), or the tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) by target populations, mainly Th17 and IL-17-secreting TCRγδ cells (Tγδ17). Due to their pivotal role in inflammatory diseases, IL-23 and its downstream effector molecules have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets, leading to the development of neutralizing antibodies against IL-23 and IL-17 that have shown efficacy in different inflammatory diseases. Despite the success of monoclonal antibodies, there are patients that show no response or partial response to these treatments. Thus, effective therapies for inflammatory diseases may require the combination of multiple immune-modulatory drugs to prevent disease progression and to improve quality of life. Alternative strategies aimed at inhibiting intracellular signaling cascades using small molecule inhibitors or interfering peptides have not been fully exploited in the context of IL-23-mediated diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about proximal signaling events triggered by IL-23 upon binding to its membrane receptor to bring to the spotlight new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in IL-23-mediated pathologies.
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103
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The Transcription Factor TCF1 in T Cell Differentiation and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186497. [PMID: 32899486 PMCID: PMC7554785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF1), a pioneer transcription factor as well as a downstream effector of WNT/β-catenin signaling, is indispensable for T cell development in the thymus. Recent studies have highlighted the additional critical role of TCF1 in peripheral T cell responses to acute and chronic infections as well as cancer. Here, we review the regulatory functions of TCF1 in the differentiation of T follicular helper cells, memory T cells and recently described stem-like exhausted T cells, where TCF1 promotes less differentiated stem-like cell states by controlling common gene-regulatory networks. These studies also provide insights into the mechanisms of defective T cell responses in older individuals. We discuss alterations in TCF1 expression and related regulatory networks with age and their consequences for T cell responses to infections and vaccination. The increasing understanding of the pathways regulating TCF1 expression and function in aged T cells holds the promise of enabling the design of therapeutic interventions aiming at improving T cell responses in older individuals.
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104
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Li W, Zhang L. Rewiring Mitochondrial Metabolism for CD8 + T Cell Memory Formation and Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1834. [PMID: 32983095 PMCID: PMC7481383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells persist for long term to mediate robust recall response upon rechallenging with previous encountered pathogens. The memory T cell pool is highly heterogeneous based on distinct phenotypic, functional, and locational properties, and contains discrete subsets, which contribute to diverse immune responses. In this mini-review, we will briefly discuss the distinct subsets of memory T cells and then focus on mitochondria-related metabolic and epigenetic regulations of CD8+ T cell memory formation. In particular, we discuss many aspects of mitochondrial quality control systems (biogenesis, dynamics, etc.) in regulating CD8+ T cell fate decision and antitumor immunity. Importantly, targeting mitochondrial metabolism to boost T cell memory formation and metabolic fitness might represent an attractive strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy including CAR-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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105
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Wu R, Li N, Zhao X, Ding T, Xue H, Gao C, Li X, Wang C. Low-dose Interleukin-2: Biology and therapeutic prospects in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102645. [PMID: 32801037 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic aggressive arthritis that is characterized with systemic inflammation response, the production of abnormal antibodies, and persistent synovitis. One of the key mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of RA is the imbalance of CD4 + T lymphocyte subsets, from T helper (Th) 17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells to T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, which can mediate autoimmune inflammatory response to promote the overproduction of cytokines and abnormal antibodies. Although the treatment of RA has greatly changed due to the discovery of biological agents such as anti-TNF, the remission of it is still not satisfactory, thus, it is urgently required new treatment to realize the sustained remission of RA via restoring the immune tolerance. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been discovered to be a pleiotropic cytokine to promote inflammatory response and maintain immune tolerance. Low-dose IL-2 therapy is a driver of the imbalance between autoimmunity and immune tolerance towards immune tolerance, which has been tried to treat various autoimmune diseases. Recent researches show that low-dose IL-2 is a promising treatment for RA. In this review, we summarize the advances understandings in the biology of IL-2 and highlight the impact of the IL-2 pathway on the balance of Th17/Treg and Tfh/Tfr aiming to investigate the role of IL-2-mediated immune tolerance in RA and discuss the application and the therapeutic prospect of low-dose IL-2 in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihe Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangcong Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingting Ding
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongwei Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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106
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Tay RE, Olawoyin O, Cejas P, Xie Y, Meyer CA, Ito Y, Weng QY, Fisher DE, Long HW, Brown M, Kim HJ, Wucherpfennig KW. Hdac3 is an epigenetic inhibitor of the cytotoxicity program in CD8 T cells. J Exp Med 2020; 217:151741. [PMID: 32374402 PMCID: PMC7336313 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cells play a key role in adaptive immunity by killing infected or cancerous cells. While the transcriptional control of CD8 T cell differentiation and effector function following T cell activation has been extensively studied, little is known about epigenetic regulation of these processes. Here we show that the histone deacetylase HDAC3 inhibits CD8 T cell cytotoxicity early during activation and is required for persistence of activated CD8 T cells following resolution of an acute infection. Mechanistically, HDAC3 inhibits gene programs associated with cytotoxicity and effector differentiation of CD8 T cells including genes encoding essential cytotoxicity proteins and key transcription factors. These data identify HDAC3 as an epigenetic regulator of the CD8 T cell cytotoxicity program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong En Tay
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Olamide Olawoyin
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Yingtian Xie
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Clifford A Meyer
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Qing Yu Weng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Henry W Long
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Myles Brown
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Hye-Jung Kim
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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107
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Vigano S, Bobisse S, Coukos G, Perreau M, Harari A. Cancer and HIV-1 Infection: Patterns of Chronic Antigen Exposure. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1350. [PMID: 32714330 PMCID: PMC7344140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main role of the human immune system is to eliminate cells presenting foreign antigens and abnormal patterns, while maintaining self-tolerance. However, when facing highly variable pathogens or antigens very similar to self-antigens, this system can fail in completely eliminating the anomalies, leading to the establishment of chronic pathologies. Prototypical examples of immune system defeat are cancer and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. In both conditions, the immune system is persistently exposed to antigens leading to systemic inflammation, lack of generation of long-term memory and exhaustion of effector cells. This triggers a negative feedback loop where effector cells are unable to resolve the pathology and cannot be replaced due to the lack of a pool of undifferentiated, self-renewing memory T cells. In addition, in an attempt to reduce tissue damage due to chronic inflammation, antigen presenting cells and myeloid components of the immune system activate systemic regulatory and tolerogenic programs. Beside these homologies shared between cancer and HIV-1 infection, the immune system can be shaped differently depending on the type and distribution of the eliciting antigens with ultimate consequences at the phenotypic and functional level of immune exhaustion. T cell differentiation, functionality, cytotoxic potential and proliferation reserve, immune-cell polarization, upregulation of negative regulators (immune checkpoint molecules) are indeed directly linked to the quantitative and qualitative differences in priming and recalling conditions. Better understanding of distinct mechanisms and functional consequences underlying disease-specific immune cell dysfunction will contribute to further improve and personalize immunotherapy. In the present review, we describe relevant players of immune cell exhaustion in cancer and HIV-1 infection, and enumerate the best-defined hallmarks of T cell dysfunction. Moreover, we highlight shared and divergent aspects of T cell exhaustion and T cell activation to the best of current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Vigano
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bobisse
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Perreau
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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108
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Cook SL, Franke MC, Sievert EP, Sciammas R. A Synchronous IRF4-Dependent Gene Regulatory Network in B and Helper T Cells Orchestrating the Antibody Response. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:614-628. [PMID: 32467029 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Control of diverse pathogens requires an adaptive antibody response, dependent on cellular division of labor to allocate antigen-dependent B- and CD4+ T-cell fates that collaborate to control the quantity and quality of antibody. This is orchestrated by the dynamic action of key transcriptional regulators mediating gene expression programs in response to pathogen-specific environmental inputs. We describe a conserved, likely ancient, gene regulatory network that intriguingly operates contemporaneously in B and CD4+ T cells to control their cell fate dynamics and thus, the character of the antibody response. The remarkable output of this network derives from graded expression, designated by antigen receptor signal strength, of a pivotal transcription factor that regulates alternate cell fate choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Cook
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Marissa C Franke
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Evelyn P Sievert
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roger Sciammas
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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109
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Choi H, Song H, Jung YW. The Roles of CCR7 for the Homing of Memory CD8+ T Cells into Their Survival Niches. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e20. [PMID: 32655968 PMCID: PMC7327150 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells in the immune system are responsible for the removal of external Ags for a long period of time to protect against re-infection. Naïve to memory CD8+ T cell differentiation and memory CD8+ T cell maintenance require many different factors including local environmental factors. Thus, it has been suggested that the migration of memory CD8+ T cells into specific microenvironments alters their longevity and functions. In this review, we have summarized the subsets of memory CD8+ T cells based on their migratory capacities and described the niche hypothesis for their survival. In addition, the basic roles of CCR7 in conjunction with the migration of memory CD8+ T cells and recent understandings of their survival niches have been introduced. Finally, the applications of altering CCR7 signaling have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbyeul Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Heonju Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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110
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Milner JJ, Toma C, He Z, Kurd NS, Nguyen QP, McDonald B, Quezada L, Widjaja CE, Witherden DA, Crowl JT, Shaw LA, Yeo GW, Chang JT, Omilusik KD, Goldrath AW. Heterogenous Populations of Tissue-Resident CD8 + T Cells Are Generated in Response to Infection and Malignancy. Immunity 2020; 52:808-824.e7. [PMID: 32433949 PMCID: PMC7784612 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (Trm) provide host protection through continuous surveillance of non-lymphoid tissues. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and genetic reporter mice, we identified discrete lineages of intestinal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, including a Blimp1hiId3lo tissue-resident effector cell population most prominent in the early phase of acute viral and bacterial infections and a molecularly distinct Blimp1loId3hi tissue-resident memory population that subsequently accumulated at later infection time points. These Trm populations exhibited distinct cytokine production, secondary memory potential, and transcriptional programs including differential roles for transcriptional regulators Blimp1, T-bet, Id2, and Id3 in supporting and maintaining intestinal Trm. Extending our analysis to malignant tissue, we also identified discrete populations of effector-like and memory-like CD8+ T cell populations with tissue-resident gene-expression signatures that shared features of terminally exhausted and progenitor-exhausted T cells, respectively. Our findings provide insight into the development and functional heterogeneity of Trm cells, which has implications for enhancing vaccination and immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Justin Milner
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Clara Toma
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoren He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nadia S Kurd
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Quynh P Nguyen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bryan McDonald
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Quezada
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Deborah A Witherden
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John T Crowl
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura A Shaw
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John T Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kyla D Omilusik
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Ananda W Goldrath
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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111
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Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been attracting increasing attention over the last few years as a potent unconventional T cell subset. Three factors largely account for this emerging interest. Firstly, these cells are abundant in humans, both in circulation and especially in some tissues such as the liver. Secondly is the discovery of a ligand that has uncovered their microbial targets, and also allowed for the development of tools to accurately track the cells in both humans and mice. Finally, it appears that the cells not only have a diverse range of functions but also are sensitive to a range of inflammatory triggers that can enhance or even bypass T cell receptor–mediated signals—substantially broadening their likely impact in health and disease. In this review we discuss how MAIT cells display antimicrobial, homeostatic, and amplifier roles in vivo, and how this may lead to protection and potentially pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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112
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Garg G, Muschaweckh A, Moreno H, Vasanthakumar A, Floess S, Lepennetier G, Oellinger R, Zhan Y, Regen T, Hiltensperger M, Peter C, Aly L, Knier B, Palam LR, Kapur R, Kaplan MH, Waisman A, Rad R, Schotta G, Huehn J, Kallies A, Korn T. Blimp1 Prevents Methylation of Foxp3 and Loss of Regulatory T Cell Identity at Sites of Inflammation. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1854-1868.e5. [PMID: 30759395 PMCID: PMC6389594 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells restrict immune pathology in inflamed tissues; however, an inflammatory environment presents a threat to Treg cell identity and function. Here, we establish a transcriptional signature of central nervous system (CNS) Treg cells that accumulate during experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) and identify a pathway that maintains Treg cell function and identity during severe inflammation. This pathway is dependent on the transcriptional regulator Blimp1, which prevents downregulation of Foxp3 expression and “toxic” gain-of-function of Treg cells in the inflamed CNS. Blimp1 negatively regulates IL-6- and STAT3-dependent Dnmt3a expression and function restraining methylation of Treg cell-specific conserved non-coding sequence 2 (CNS2) in the Foxp3 locus. Consequently, CNS2 is heavily methylated when Blimp1 is ablated, leading to a loss of Foxp3 expression and severe disease. These findings identify a Blimp1-dependent pathway that preserves Treg cell stability in inflamed non-lymphoid tissues. Most Foxp3+ Treg cells in the inflamed CNS express Blimp1 Blimp1 inhibits Dnmt3a and prevents methylation of the Foxp3 locus IL-6 contributes to methylation of the Foxp3 locus in a Dnmt3a-dependent manner Blimp1 counteracts the IL-6-driven destabilization of Treg cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Garg
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Muschaweckh
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Helena Moreno
- Biomedical Center (BMC) and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne Victoria 3000, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stefan Floess
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gildas Lepennetier
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Oellinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Yifan Zhan
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne Victoria 3000, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Hiltensperger
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Peter
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Lilian Aly
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Knier
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Lakshmi Reddy Palam
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schotta
- Biomedical Center (BMC) and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Axel Kallies
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne Victoria 3000, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas Korn
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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113
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Balkhi MY. Receptor signaling, transcriptional, and metabolic regulation of T cell exhaustion. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1747349. [PMID: 32363117 PMCID: PMC7185212 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1747349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustion cripples T cell effector responses against metastatic cancers and chronic infections alike. There has been considerable interest in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving T cell exhaustion in human cancers fueled by the success of immunotherapy drugs especially the checkpoint receptor blockade (CRB) inhibitory antibodies that reverses T cell functional exhaustion. The current understanding of molecular mechanism of T cell exhaustion has been elucidated from the studies utilizing murine models of chronic viral infections. These studies have formed the basis for much of our understanding of the process of exhaustion and proven vital to developing anti-exhaustion therapies against human cancers. In this review, we discuss the T cell exhaustion differentiation pathway in cancers and chronic viral infections and explore how the transcription factors expression dynamics play role in T cell exhaustion fate choices and maturation. Finally, we summarize the role of some of the most important transcription factors involved in T cell functional exhaustion and construct exhaustion specific signaling pathway maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Y Balkhi
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Immune Therapy Bio, Nest.Bio Labs, Vassar St. Cambridge, MA, USA
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114
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Jaeger-Ruckstuhl CA, Hinterbrandner M, Höpner S, Correnti CE, Lüthi U, Friedli O, Freigang S, Al Sayed MF, Bührer ED, Amrein MA, Schürch CM, Radpour R, Riether C, Ochsenbein AF. TNIK signaling imprints CD8 + T cell memory formation early after priming. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1632. [PMID: 32242021 PMCID: PMC7118140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-stimulatory signals, cytokines and transcription factors regulate the balance between effector and memory cell differentiation during T cell activation. Here, we analyse the role of the TRAF2-/NCK-interacting kinase (TNIK), a signaling molecule downstream of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily receptors such as CD27, in the regulation of CD8+ T cell fate during acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Priming of CD8+ T cells induces a TNIK-dependent nuclear translocation of β-catenin with consecutive Wnt pathway activation. TNIK-deficiency during T cell activation results in enhanced differentiation towards effector cells, glycolysis and apoptosis. TNIK signaling enriches for memory precursors by favouring symmetric over asymmetric cell division. This enlarges the pool of memory CD8+ T cells and increases their capacity to expand after re-infection in serial re-transplantation experiments. These findings reveal that TNIK is an important regulator of effector and memory T cell differentiation and induces a population of stem cell-like memory T cells. Coordinate expression of multiple factors play critical roles in the regulation between effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. Here the authors show upon acute viral infection TNIK is critically required as a regulator of effector and memory T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Jaeger-Ruckstuhl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.,Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Magdalena Hinterbrandner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Höpner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
| | - Colin E Correnti
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ursina Lüthi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Friedli
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Freigang
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
| | - Mohamad F Al Sayed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Elias D Bührer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Amrein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Schürch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland
| | - Adrian F Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland. .,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, 3008, Switzerland.
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115
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Vasanthakumar A, Chisanga D, Blume J, Gloury R, Britt K, Henstridge DC, Zhan Y, Torres SV, Liene S, Collins N, Cao E, Sidwell T, Li C, Spallanzani RG, Liao Y, Beavis PA, Gebhardt T, Trevaskis N, Nutt SL, Zajac JD, Davey RA, Febbraio MA, Mathis D, Shi W, Kallies A. Sex-specific adipose tissue imprinting of regulatory T cells. Nature 2020; 579:581-585. [PMID: 32103173 PMCID: PMC7241647 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an energy store and a dynamic endocrine organ1,2. In particular, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is critical for the regulation of systemic metabolism3,4. Impaired VAT function-for example, in obesity-is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes5,6. Regulatory T (Treg) cells that express the transcription factor FOXP3 are critical for limiting immune responses and suppressing tissue inflammation, including in the VAT7-9. Here we uncover pronounced sexual dimorphism in Treg cells in the VAT. Male VAT was enriched for Treg cells compared with female VAT, and Treg cells from male VAT were markedly different from their female counterparts in phenotype, transcriptional landscape and chromatin accessibility. Heightened inflammation in the male VAT facilitated the recruitment of Treg cells via the CCL2-CCR2 axis. Androgen regulated the differentiation of a unique IL-33-producing stromal cell population specific to the male VAT, which paralleled the local expansion of Treg cells. Sex hormones also regulated VAT inflammation, which shaped the transcriptional landscape of VAT-resident Treg cells in a BLIMP1 transcription factor-dependent manner. Overall, we find that sex-specific differences in Treg cells from VAT are determined by the tissue niche in a sex-hormone-dependent manner to limit adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - David Chisanga
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonas Blume
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renee Gloury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kara Britt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren C Henstridge
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Santiago Valle Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sebastian Liene
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicholas Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enyuan Cao
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom Sidwell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yang Liao
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A Beavis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie Trevaskis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel A Davey
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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116
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Sidwell T, Liao Y, Garnham AL, Vasanthakumar A, Gloury R, Blume J, Teh PP, Chisanga D, Thelemann C, de Labastida Rivera F, Engwerda CR, Corcoran L, Kometani K, Kurosaki T, Smyth GK, Shi W, Kallies A. Attenuation of TCR-induced transcription by Bach2 controls regulatory T cell differentiation and homeostasis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:252. [PMID: 31937752 PMCID: PMC6959360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation and homeostasis of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are strictly controlled by T-cell receptor (TCR) signals; however, molecular mechanisms that govern these processes are incompletely understood. Here we show that Bach2 is an important regulator of Treg cell differentiation and homeostasis downstream of TCR signaling. Bach2 prevents premature differentiation of fully suppressive effector Treg (eTreg) cells, limits IL-10 production and is required for the development of peripherally induced Treg (pTreg) cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Bach2 attenuates TCR signaling-induced IRF4-dependent Treg cell differentiation. Deletion of IRF4 promotes inducible Treg cell differentiation and rescues pTreg cell differentiation in the absence of Bach2. In turn, loss of Bach2 normalizes eTreg cell differentiation of IRF4-deficient Treg cells. Mechanistically, Bach2 counteracts the DNA-binding activity of IRF4 and limits chromatin accessibility, thereby attenuating IRF4-dependent transcription. Thus, Bach2 balances TCR signaling induced transcriptional activity of IRF4 to maintain homeostasis of thymically-derived and peripherally-derived Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Sidwell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Yang Liao
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandra L Garnham
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Renee Gloury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jonas Blume
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Peggy P Teh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Renal Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Western Health, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - David Chisanga
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Christoph Thelemann
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | | | | | - Lynn Corcoran
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kohei Kometani
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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117
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Arsenio J. Single-cell analysis of CD8 T lymphocyte diversity during adaptive immunity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 12:e1475. [PMID: 31877242 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An effective adaptive immune response to microbial infection relies on the generation of heterogeneous T lymphocyte fates and functions. CD8 T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in mediating immediate and long-term protective immune responses to intracellular pathogen infection. Systems-based analysis of the immune response to infection has begun to identify cell fate determinants and the molecular mechanisms underpinning CD8 T lymphocyte diversity at single-cell resolution. Resolving CD8 T lymphocyte heterogeneity during adaptive immunity highlights the advantages of single-cell technologies and computational approaches to better understand the ontogeny of CD8 T cellular diversity following infection. Future directions of integrating single-cell multiplex approaches capitalize on the importance of systems biology in the understanding of immune CD8 T cell differentiation and functional diversity. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janilyn Arsenio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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118
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Tang S, Zhou L, Liu Z, Zou L, Xiao M, Huang C, Xie Z, He H, Guo Y, Cao Y, Huang H, Wu X, Meng D, Ye L, Wu Y, Yang X, Zhou X. Ceria nanoparticles promoted the cytotoxic activity of CD8 + T cells by activating NF-κB signaling. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2533-2544. [PMID: 30968875 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) are crucial for controlling intracellular pathogens as well as cancer. However, how to promote the cytotoxic activity of CTL cells in vitro and in vivo remains largely unknown. On the other hand, ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) are widely used in biomedical fields, but the role of CNPs in CTL cells is still unclear. In this study, we found that the activated antigen-specific (P14) and nonspecific CD8+ T cells with CNP treatment both produced more cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and released more effector molecules, such as granzyme B and perforin, and then exhibited higher killing activity of P14 cells in vitro and stronger viral clearance capacity of CTL cells in vivo. Mechanistically, the activated P14 cells with CNP treatment inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species, and therefore promoted the activity of NF-κB signaling. Importantly, while the P14 cells were simultaneously treated by IMD-0354, a specific inhibitor of NF-κB signaling, the increases of IL-2 and TNF-α productions and granzyme B and perforin releases were remedied, and the P14 cells eventually exhibited the natural killing activity in vitro. Thus, our results demonstrated that CNP treatment promoted the cytotoxic activity of CTL cells and provide new ideas in the usage of CNPs and fascinating pharmacological potentials for clinical application, especially cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupei Tang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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119
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Li N, Fan X, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang K, Han Q, Lv Y, Liu Z. Genetic association of polymorphisms at the intergenic region between PRDM1 and ATG5 with hepatitis B virus infection in Han Chinese patients. J Med Virol 2019; 92:1198-1205. [PMID: 31729038 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is related to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the interplay between the virus and host immune response leads to different outcomes of the infection. PR domain zinc finger protein 1 (PRDM1) and autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) are involved in immune response and HBV infection. An intergenic region between PRDM1 and ATG5 (PRDM1-ATG5 region) has been identified, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this region were shown to be involved in immune regulation. This study investigated the functionally relevant rs548234, rs6937876, and rs6568431 polymorphisms at the PRDM1-ATG5 region in a Han Chinese population (403 patients with chronic HBV infection [171 chronic hepatitis, 119 cirrhosis, and 113 HCC], 70 infection resolvers, and 196 healthy controls). The frequencies of the rs6568431 allele A in HBV patients (P = .005) and genotype CA in infection resolvers (P = .005) were significantly higher than in healthy controls. In the dominant model, HCC patients had significantly higher frequencies of rs548234 genotypes CC + TC than cirrhosis patients (P = .009). Rs548234 was an independent factor for HCC in comparison with either cirrhosis (P = .005) or all chronic HBV infection without HCC (P = .018). Functional annotation showed evidence of the role of the SNPs in gene regulation. In conclusion, through this study it is revealed for the first time that rs6568431 may be associated with susceptibility to HBV infection and that rs548234 may be associated with HCC risk in chronic HBV infection, supporting the presence of HBV-related disease-causing regulatory polymorphisms in the PRDM1-ATG5 intergenic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qunying Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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120
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Chen Z, Ji Z, Ngiow SF, Manne S, Cai Z, Huang AC, Johnson J, Staupe RP, Bengsch B, Xu C, Yu S, Kurachi M, Herati RS, Vella LA, Baxter AE, Wu JE, Khan O, Beltra JC, Giles JR, Stelekati E, McLane LM, Lau CW, Yang X, Berger SL, Vahedi G, Ji H, Wherry EJ. TCF-1-Centered Transcriptional Network Drives an Effector versus Exhausted CD8 T Cell-Fate Decision. Immunity 2019; 51:840-855.e5. [PMID: 31606264 PMCID: PMC6943829 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
TCF-1 is a key transcription factor in progenitor exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex). Moreover, this Tex cell subset mediates responses to PD-1 checkpoint pathway blockade. However, the role of the transcription factor TCF-1 in early fate decisions and initial generation of Tex cells is unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and lineage tracing identified a TCF-1+Ly108+PD-1+ CD8 T cell population that seeds development of mature Tex cells early during chronic infection. TCF-1 mediated the bifurcation between divergent fates, repressing development of terminal KLRG1Hi effectors while fostering KLRG1Lo Tex precursor cells, and PD-1 stabilized this TCF-1+ Tex precursor cell pool. TCF-1 mediated a T-bet-to-Eomes transcription factor transition in Tex precursors by promoting Eomes expression and drove c-Myb expression that controlled Bcl-2 and survival. These data define a role for TCF-1 in early-fate-bifurcation-driving Tex precursor cells and also identify PD-1 as a protector of this early TCF-1 subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Johnson
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan P Staupe
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Caiyue Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sixiang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ramin S Herati
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura A Vella
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Omar Khan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Beltra
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erietta Stelekati
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura M McLane
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Golnaz Vahedi
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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121
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Raghu D, Xue HH, Mielke LA. Control of Lymphocyte Fate, Infection, and Tumor Immunity by TCF-1. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:1149-1162. [PMID: 31734149 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cell factor-1 (TCF-1), encoded by Tcf7, is a transcription factor and histone deacetylase (HDAC) essential for commitment to both the T cell and the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) lineages in mammals. In this review, we discuss the multifunctional role of TCF-1 in establishing these lineages and the requirement for TCF-1 throughout lineage differentiation and maintenance of lineage stability. We highlight recent reports showing promise for TCF-1 as a novel biomarker to identify recently characterized subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells that may help to predict patient responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Raghu
- School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; Cancer Immunobiology Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Molecular Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Lisa A Mielke
- School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; Cancer Immunobiology Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Molecular Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
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122
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Chu F, Li HS, Liu X, Cao J, Ma W, Ma Y, Weng J, Zhu Z, Cheng X, Wang Z, Liu J, Jiang ZY, Luong AU, Peng W, Wang J, Balakrishnan K, Yee C, Dong C, Davis RE, Watowich SS, Neelapu SS. CXCR5 +CD8 + T cells are a distinct functional subset with an antitumor activity. Leukemia 2019; 33:2640-2653. [PMID: 31028278 PMCID: PMC6814517 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CXCR5 mediates homing of both B and follicular helper T (TFH) cells into follicles of secondary lymphoid organs. We found that CXCR5+CD8+ T cells are present in human tonsils and follicular lymphoma, inhibit TFH-mediated B cell differentiation, and exhibit strong cytotoxic activity. Consistent with these findings, adoptive transfer of CXCR5+CD8+ T cells into an animal model of lymphoma resulted in significantly greater antitumor activity than CXCR5-CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, RNA-Seq-based transcriptional profiling revealed 77 differentially expressed genes unique to CXCR5+CD8+ T cells. Among these, a signature comprised of 33 upregulated genes correlated with improved survival in follicular lymphoma patients. We also showed that CXCR5+CD8+ T cells could be induced and expanded ex vivo using IL-23 plus TGF-β, suggesting a possible strategy to generate these cells for clinical application. In summary, our study identified CXCR5+CD8+ T cells as a distinct T cell subset with ability to suppress TFH-mediated B cell differentiation, exert strong antitumor activity, and confer favorable prognosis in follicular lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuliang Chu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haiyan S Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xindong Liu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinsheng Weng
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cheng
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zi Yang Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amber U Luong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kumudha Balakrishnan
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Tsinghua University Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Richard Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie S Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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123
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Kallies A, Zehn D, Utzschneider DT. Precursor exhausted T cells: key to successful immunotherapy? Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 20:128-136. [PMID: 31591533 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cell immunity in response to chronic infections and tumours is maintained by a specialized population of CD8+ T cells that exhibit hallmarks of both exhausted and memory cells and give rise to terminally differentiated exhausted effector cells that contribute to viral or tumour control. Importantly, recent work suggests these cells, which we refer to as 'precursor exhausted' T (TPEX) cells, are responsible for the proliferative burst that generates effector T cells in response to immune checkpoint blockade targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD1), and increased TPEX cell frequencies have recently been linked to increased patient survival. We believe the recent discovery of TPEX cells not only represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain CD8+ T cell responses in chronic infections and tumours but also opens up unexpected avenues for the development of new and innovative therapeutic approaches. In this Opinion article, we discuss the differentiation and function of TPEX cells and suggest that targeting these cells may be key for successful immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Daniel T Utzschneider
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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124
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Schwickert TA, Tagoh H, Schindler K, Fischer M, Jaritz M, Busslinger M. Ikaros prevents autoimmunity by controlling anergy and Toll-like receptor signaling in B cells. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1517-1529. [PMID: 31591571 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of a diverse B cell antigen receptor (BCR) repertoire by V(D)J recombination also generates autoreactive B cells. Anergy is one tolerance mechanism; it renders autoreactive B cells insensitive to stimulation by self-antigen, whereas Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling can reactivate anergic B cells. Here, we describe a critical role of the transcription factor Ikaros in controlling BCR anergy and TLR signaling. Mice with specific deletion of Ikaros in mature B cells developed systemic autoimmunity. Ikaros regulated many anergy-associated genes, including Zfp318, which is implicated in the attenuation of BCR responsiveness by promoting immunoglobulin D expression in anergic B cells. TLR signaling was hyperactive in Ikaros-deficient B cells, which failed to upregulate feedback inhibitors of the MyD88-nuclear factor κB signaling pathway. Systemic inflammation was lost on expression of a non-self-reactive BCR or loss of MyD88 in Ikaros-deficient B cells. Thus, Ikaros acts as a guardian preventing autoimmunity by promoting BCR anergy and restraining TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja A Schwickert
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hiromi Tagoh
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karina Schindler
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Fischer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Jaritz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.
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125
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Jergović M, Thompson HL, Renkema KR, Smithey MJ, Nikolich-Žugich J. Defective Transcriptional Programming of Effector CD8 T Cells in Aged Mice Is Cell-Extrinsic and Can Be Corrected by Administration of IL-12 and IL-18. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2206. [PMID: 31620129 PMCID: PMC6759569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to infection with intracellular microorganisms, old mice mobilize decreased numbers of antigen-specific CD8 T cells with reduced expression of effector molecules and impaired cytolytic activity. Molecular mechanisms behind these defects and the cell-intrinsic (affecting naïve CD8 T cells themselves) vs. extrinsic, microenvironmental origin of such defects remain unclear. Using reciprocal transfer experiments of highly purified naïve T cells from adult and old transgenic OT-1 mice, we decisively show that the dominant effect is cell-extrinsic. Naïve adult OT-1 T cells failed to expand and terminally differentiate in the old organism infected with Listeria-OVA. This defect was preceded by blunted expression of the master transcription factor T-bet and impaired glycolytic switch when T cells are primed in the old organism. However, both old and adult naïve CD8 T cells proliferated and produced effector molecules to a similar extent when stimulated in vitro with polyclonal stimuli, as well as when transferred into adult recipients. Multiple inflammatory cytokines with direct effects on T cell effector differentiation were decreased in spleens of old animals, particularly IL-12 and IL-18. Of note, in vivo treatment of mice with IL-12 and IL-18 on days 4–6 of Listeria infection reconstituted cytotoxic T cell response of aged mice to the level of adult. Therefore, critical cytokine signals which are underproduced in the old priming environment can restore proper transcriptional programming of old naïve CD8 T cells and improve immune defense against intracellular microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Jergović
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Heather L Thompson
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kristin R Renkema
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, United States
| | - Megan J Smithey
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, United States
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126
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Retamal-Díaz A, Covián C, Pacheco GA, Castiglione-Matamala AT, Bueno SM, González PA, Kalergis AM. Contribution of Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells to Protective Immunity Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Their Impact on Vaccine Design. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030147. [PMID: 31514485 PMCID: PMC6789444 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common etiological agent for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI). RSV-ALRI is the major cause of hospital admissions in young children, and it can cause in-hospital deaths in children younger than six months old. Therefore, RSV remains one of the pathogens deemed most important for the generation of a vaccine. On the other hand, the effectiveness of a vaccine depends on the development of immunological memory against the pathogenic agent of interest. This memory is achieved by long-lived memory T cells, based on the establishment of an effective immune response to viral infections when subsequent exposures to the pathogen take place. Memory T cells can be classified into three subsets according to their expression of lymphoid homing receptors: central memory cells (TCM), effector memory cells (TEM) and resident memory T cells (TRM). The latter subset consists of cells that are permanently found in non-lymphoid tissues and are capable of recognizing antigens and mounting an effective immune response at those sites. TRM cells activate both innate and adaptive immune responses, thus establishing a robust and rapid response characterized by the production of large amounts of effector molecules. TRM cells can also recognize antigenically unrelated pathogens and trigger an innate-like alarm with the recruitment of other immune cells. It is noteworthy that this rapid and effective immune response induced by TRM cells make these cells an interesting aim in the design of vaccination strategies in order to establish TRM cell populations to prevent respiratory infectious diseases. Here, we discuss the biogenesis of TRM cells, their contribution to the resolution of respiratory viral infections and the induction of TRM cells, which should be considered for the rational design of new vaccines against RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angello Retamal-Díaz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Camila Covián
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Gaspar A Pacheco
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Angelo T Castiglione-Matamala
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile.
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile.
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127
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short noncoding RNAs that play critical roles in the regulation of a broad range of biological processes. Like transcription factors, miRNAs exert their effects by modulating the expression of networks of genes that operate in common or convergent pathways. CD8+ T cells are critical agents of the adaptive immune system that provide protection from infection and cancer. Here, we review the important roles of miRNAs in the regulation of CD8+ T cell biology and provide perspectives on the broader emerging principles of miRNA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Gagnon
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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128
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Chen J, Guan L, Tang L, Liu S, Zhou Y, Chen C, He Z, Xu L. T Helper 9 Cells: A New Player in Immune-Related Diseases. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1040-1047. [PMID: 31414895 PMCID: PMC6791470 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The helper T cell 9 (Thelper-9, Th9), as a functional subgroup of CD4+T cells, was first discovered in 2008. Th9 cells expressed transcription factor PU.1 and cytokine interleukin-9 (IL-9) characteristically. Recent researches have shown that the differentiation of Th9 cells was coregulated by cytokine transforming growth factor β, IL-4, and various transcription factors. Th9 cells, as a new player, played an important role in various immune-related diseases, including tumors, inflammatory diseases, parasite infection, and other diseases. In this article, we summarize the related research progress and discuss the possible prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Lian Guan
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Address correspondence to: Lin Xu, PhD, Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China
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129
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Shin KS, Jeon I, Kim BS, Kim IK, Park YJ, Koh CH, Song B, Lee JM, Lim J, Bae EA, Seo H, Ban YH, Ha SJ, Kang CY. Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Dictate the Memory Differentiation of CD8 + T Cells During Acute Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1887. [PMID: 31474983 PMCID: PMC6706816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) have been shown to robustly expand during infection; however, their roles in anti-infectious immunity remain unclear. Here, we found that moDCs were dramatically increased in the secondary lymphoid organs during acute LCMV infection in an interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-dependent manner. We also found that priming by moDCs enhanced the differentiation of memory CD8+ T cells compared to differentiation primed by conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) through upregulation of Eomesodermin (Eomes) and T cell factor-1 (TCF-1) expression in CD8+ T cells. Consequently, impaired memory formation of CD8+ T cells in mice that had reduced numbers of moDCs led to defective clearance of pathogens upon rechallenge. Mechanistically, attenuated interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling in CD8+ T cells primed by moDCs was responsible for the enhanced memory programming of CD8+ T cells. Therefore, our findings unveil a specialization of the antigen-presenting cell subsets in the fate determination of CD8+ T cells during infection and pave the way for the development of a novel therapeutic intervention on infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Soo Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Insu Jeon
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il-Kyu Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Koh
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boyeong Song
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Mi Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lim
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Bae
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyungseok Seo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Ban
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Yuil Kang
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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130
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PRDM1 rs1010273 polymorphism is associated with overall survival of patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunol Lett 2019; 213:39-45. [PMID: 31376415 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cell exhaustion is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP-1), encoded by the PRDM1 gene, plays a crucial role in T cell exhaustion. This study investigated PRDM1 rs1010273 and rs2185379 polymorphisms in 403 patients with chronic HBV infection (171 chronic hepatitis, 119 liver cirrhosis and 113 HCC), 70 spontaneous HBV infection resolvers and 196 healthy controls. The results showed that the rs1010273 and rs2185379 polymorphisms had no significant differences between patients with chronic HBV infection and healthy controls or between patients with different clinical diseases. However, PRDM1 rs1010273 polymorphism was shown to be significantly associated with the overall survival of patients with HBV-related HCC. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of HCC patients were 70.5%, 34.6%, and 11.5%, respectively, in genotype GG carriers and 91.4%, 51.4% and 31.4%, respectively, in genotypes AA + GA carriers (p = 0.008). Multivariate analysis showed that PRDM1 rs1010273 polymorphism was an independent factor associated with the overall survival of patients with HCC (odds ratio, 0.529; 95% confidence interval, 0.126-0.862; p = 0.002). These results provide novel evidence for a role of PRDM1 rs1010273 in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC. Additional studies are needed to replicate and extend the findings of this study and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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131
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Luo H, Sun Y, Shi B, Sun R, Li Z. An IL-4/21 Inverted Cytokine Receptor Improving CAR-T Cell Potency in Immunosuppressive Solid-Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1691. [PMID: 31379876 PMCID: PMC6658891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of inverted cytokine receptor (ICR) such as interleukin (IL)-4 vs. IL-7 (4/7) ICR is one strategy to improve the antitumor activities of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T (CAR-T) cells facing immunosuppressive cytokines. Here we report a novel interleukin (IL)-4 vs. IL-21 ICR (4/21 ICR) that enhanced CAR-T cell potency in IL-4+ tumor milieu via a different working-mechanism from 4/7 ICR. Upon IL-4 stimulation, 4/21 ICR activated the STAT3 pathway and promoted Th17-like polarization and tumor-targeted cytotoxicity in CAR-T cells in vitro. Furthermore, 4/21 ICR-CAR T cells persisted and eradicated established IL-4+ tumors in vivo. Thus, 4/21 ICR is a promising clinical CAR-T cell therapeutics for solid tumors rich in IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Renji Hosptial, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Renji Hosptial, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yansha Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Renji Hosptial, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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132
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Omilusik KD, Goldrath AW. Remembering to remember: T cell memory maintenance and plasticity. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 58:89-97. [PMID: 31170601 PMCID: PMC6612439 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation, naive T cells give rise to a heterogeneous cell population of effector and memory T cells that mediate antigen clearance and provide long-lived protection from rechallenge. Many of the transcriptional regulators that direct the differentiation of naive T cells to acquire the range of phenotypic and functional characteristics of effector and memory T cells have been described. However, the active programs that maintain the specific subsets of memory T cells are less clear. Here, we discuss recent studies that suggest effector and memory CD8+ T cells exist in cellular 'states' with inherent plasticity. Further, we consider the newly identified role of active transcriptional and epigenetic programming in maintaining the identity of the distinct subsets within the memory population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla D Omilusik
- University of California San Diego, Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0377, United States
| | - Ananda W Goldrath
- University of California San Diego, Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0377, United States.
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133
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Ji Y, Fioravanti J, Zhu W, Wang H, Wu T, Hu J, Lacey NE, Gautam S, Le Gall JB, Yang X, Hocker JD, Escobar TM, He S, Dell'Orso S, Hawk NV, Kapoor V, Telford WG, Di Croce L, Muljo SA, Zhang Y, Sartorelli V, Gattinoni L. miR-155 harnesses Phf19 to potentiate cancer immunotherapy through epigenetic reprogramming of CD8 + T cell fate. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2157. [PMID: 31089138 PMCID: PMC6517388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell senescence and exhaustion are major barriers to successful cancer immunotherapy. Here we show that miR-155 increases CD8+ T cell antitumor function by restraining T cell senescence and functional exhaustion through epigenetic silencing of drivers of terminal differentiation. miR-155 enhances Polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) activity indirectly by promoting the expression of the PRC2-associated factor Phf19 through downregulation of the Akt inhibitor, Ship1. Phf19 orchestrates a transcriptional program extensively shared with miR-155 to restrain T cell senescence and sustain CD8+ T cell antitumor responses. These effects rely on Phf19 histone-binding capacity, which is critical for the recruitment of PRC2 to the target chromatin. These findings establish the miR-155–Phf19–PRC2 as a pivotal axis regulating CD8+ T cell differentiation, thereby paving new ways for potentiating cancer immunotherapy through epigenetic reprogramming of CD8+ T cell fate. The inability of T cells to properly mount anti-tumour immunity underlies failed cancer immune surveillance or therapy. Here the authors show that a microRNA, miR-155, suppresses Ship1 phosphatase expression to modulate epigenetic reprogramming of CD8 T cell differentiation via the Phf19/PRC2 axis, thereby implicating a novel aspect of cancer immunity regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Cellular Biomedicine Group (CBMG), Gaithersburg, MD, 20877, USA.
| | - Jessica Fioravanti
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Fairfax, VA, 22031, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tuoqi Wu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jinhui Hu
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Neal E Lacey
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sanjivan Gautam
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John B Le Gall
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James D Hocker
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thelma M Escobar
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shan He
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Stefania Dell'Orso
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nga V Hawk
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Veena Kapoor
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William G Telford
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Luciano Di Croce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan A Muljo
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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134
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PRDM1 levels are associated with clinical diseases in chronic HBV infection and survival of patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:156-162. [PMID: 31100710 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PR domain zinc finger protein 1 (PRDM1)/B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) is a transcriptional repressor involved in B and T cell responses which are implicated in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study investigated the association of PRDM1 with clinical diseases of chronic HBV infection and prognosis of HBV -related HCC patients. Serum PRDM1 levels were determined in 403 patients with chronic HBV infection (171 chronic hepatitis, 119 cirrhosis and 113 HCC), 70 HBV infection resolvers and 96 healthy control individuals. The PRDM1 levels were analyzed with regard to clinical diseases and overall survival of HCC patients. Serum PRDM1 concentrations in patients with chronic HBV infection were significantly elevated compared with infection resolvers and healthy controls. HBV-related HCC patients had the most significantly elevated PRDM1 levels. PRDM1 levels could considerably differentiate HCC from chronic hepatitis [area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.889, p < 0.001] or cirrhosis (AUC 0.910, p < 0.001). HCC patients with high PRDM1 levels had a poor prognosis (>300 pg/mL vs. ≤300 pg/mL, p = 0.001). High PRDM1 levels were independently associated with increased mortality in HCC patients (hazard ratio 2.997, 95% confidence interval 1.103-4.722, p = 0.003). Overall, this study demonstrated that PRDM1 levels are associated with the clinical diseases of chronic HBV infection. Highly elevated PRDM1 levels are discriminative of HCC from other clinical diseases and indicative of a poor prognosis of HCC patients. The potential association of PRDM1 levels with disease progression and treatment response warrants further investigation.
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135
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Qin Y, Lee Y, Seo J, Kim T, Shin JH, Park SH. NIH3T3 Directs Memory-Fated CTL Programming and Represses High Expression of PD-1 on Antitumor CTLs. Front Immunol 2019; 10:761. [PMID: 31031760 PMCID: PMC6470252 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells have long been considered a promising population for adoptive cell therapy (ACT) due to their long-term persistence and robust re-stimulatory response. NIH3T3 is an immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. We report that NIH3T3-conditioned medium (CM) can augment effector functions of CTLs following antigen priming and confer phenotypic and transcriptional properties of central memory cells. After NIH3T3-CM-educated CTLs were infused into naïve mice, they predominantly developed to central memory cells. A large number of NIH3T3-CM-educated CTLs with high functionality persisted and infiltrated to tumor mass. In addition, NIH3T3-CM inhibited CTLs expression of PD-1 in vitro and repressed their high expression of PD-1 in tumor microenvironment after adoptive transfer. Consequently, established tumor models showed that infusion of NIH3T3-CM-educated CTLs dramatically improved CTL mediated-antitumor immunity. Furthermore, NIH3T3-CM also promoted human CD8+ T cells differentiation into memory cells. These results suggest that NIH3T3-CM-programmed CTLs are good candidates for adoptive transfer in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Qin
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuna Lee
- ImmunoMax Co., Ltd, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeho Seo
- ImmunoMax Co., Ltd, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taehyun Kim
- ImmunoMax Co., Ltd, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Shin
- ImmunoMax Co., Ltd, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Ho Park
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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136
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Pascutti MF, Geerman S, Collins N, Brasser G, Nota B, Stark R, Behr F, Oja A, Slot E, Panagioti E, Prier JE, Hickson S, Wolkers MC, Heemskerk MH, Hombrink P, Arens R, Mackay LK, van Gisbergen KP, Nolte MA. Peripheral and systemic antigens elicit an expandable pool of resident memory CD8 + T cells in the bone marrow. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:853-872. [PMID: 30891737 PMCID: PMC6594027 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BM has been put forward as a major reservoir for memory CD8+ T cells. In order to fulfill that function, BM should "store" memory CD8+ T cells, which in biological terms would require these "stored" memory cells to be in disequilibrium with the circulatory pool. This issue is a matter of ongoing debate. Here, we unequivocally demonstrate that murine and human BM harbors a population of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM ) cells. These cells develop against various pathogens, independently of BM infection or local antigen recognition. BM CD8+ TRM cells share a transcriptional program with resident lymphoid cells in other tissues; they are polyfunctional cytokine producers and dependent on IL-15, Blimp-1, and Hobit. CD8+ TRM cells reside in the BM parenchyma, but are in close contact with the circulation. Moreover, this pool of resident T cells is not size-restricted and expands upon peripheral antigenic re-challenge. This works extends the role of the BM in the maintenance of CD8+ T cell memory to include the preservation of an expandable reservoir of functional, non-recirculating memory CD8+ T cells, which develop in response to a large variety of peripheral antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sulima Geerman
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Collins
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Giso Brasser
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Nota
- Department of Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Felix Behr
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anna Oja
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Edith Slot
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eleni Panagioti
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Julia E. Prier
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sarah Hickson
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Laura K. Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Martijn A. Nolte
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular HemostasisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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137
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Behr FM, Kragten NAM, Wesselink TH, Nota B, van Lier RAW, Amsen D, Stark R, Hombrink P, van Gisbergen KPJM. Blimp-1 Rather Than Hobit Drives the Formation of Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells in the Lungs. Front Immunol 2019; 10:400. [PMID: 30899267 PMCID: PMC6416215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells that develop in the epithelia at portals of pathogen entry are important for improved protection against re-infection. CD8+ TRM cells within the skin and the small intestine are long-lived and maintained independently of circulating memory CD8+ T cells. In contrast to CD8+ TRM cells at these sites, CD8+ TRM cells that arise after influenza virus infection within the lungs display high turnover and require constant recruitment from the circulating memory pool for long-term persistence. The distinct characteristics of CD8+ TRM cell maintenance within the lungs may suggest a unique program of transcriptional regulation of influenza-specific CD8+ TRM cells. We have previously demonstrated that the transcription factors Hobit and Blimp-1 are essential for the formation of CD8+ TRM cells across several tissues, including skin, liver, kidneys, and the small intestine. Here, we addressed the roles of Hobit and Blimp-1 in CD8+ TRM cell differentiation in the lungs after influenza infection using mice deficient for these transcription factors. Hobit was not required for the formation of influenza-specific CD8+ TRM cells in the lungs. In contrast, Blimp-1 was essential for the differentiation of lung CD8+ TRM cells and inhibited the differentiation of central memory CD8+ T (TCM) cells. We conclude that Blimp-1 rather than Hobit mediates the formation of CD8+ TRM cells in the lungs, potentially through control of the lineage choice between TCM and TRM cells during the differentiation of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natasja A M Kragten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Wesselink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Nota
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rene A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Derk Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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138
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Xu T, Keller A, Martinez GJ. NFAT1 and NFAT2 Differentially Regulate CTL Differentiation Upon Acute Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:184. [PMID: 30828328 PMCID: PMC6384247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell differentiation orchestrated by transcription regulators is critical for balancing pathogen eradication and long-term immunity by effector and memory CTLs, respectively. The transcription factor Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) family members are known for their roles in T cell development and activation but still largely undetermined in CD8+ T cell differentiation in vivo. Here, we interrogated the role of two NFAT family members, NFAT1 and NFAT2, in the effector and memory phase of CD8+ T cell differentiation using LCMVArm acute infection model. We found that NFAT1 is critical for effector population generation whereas NFAT2 is required for promoting memory CTLs in a cell intrinsic manner. Moreover, we found that mice lacking both NFAT1 and NFAT2 in T cells display a significant increase in KLRG1hi CD127hi population and are unable to clear an acute viral infection. NFAT-deficient CTLs showed different degrees of impaired IFN-γ and TNF-α expression with NFAT1 being mainly responsible for IFN-γ production upon ex-vivo stimulation as well as for antigen-specific cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that NFAT1 and NFAT2 have distinct roles in mediating CD8+ T cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gustavo J. Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
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139
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Welten SPM, Sandu I, Baumann NS, Oxenius A. Memory CD8 T cell inflation vs tissue-resident memory T cells: Same patrollers, same controllers? Immunol Rev 2019; 283:161-175. [PMID: 29664565 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The induction of long-lived populations of memory T cells residing in peripheral tissues is of considerable interest for T cell-based vaccines, as they can execute immediate effector functions and thus provide protection in case of pathogen encounter at mucosal and barrier sites. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vaccines support the induction and accumulation of a large population of effector memory CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues, in a process called memory inflation. Tissue-resident memory (TRM ) T cells, induced by various infections and vaccination regimens, constitute another subset of memory cells that take long-term residence in peripheral tissues. Both memory T cell subsets have evoked substantial interest in exploitation for vaccine purposes. However, a direct comparison between these two peripheral tissue-localizing memory T cell subsets with respect to their short- and long-term ability to provide protection against heterologous challenge is pending. Here, we discuss communalities and differences between TRM and inflationary CD8 T cells with respect to their development, maintenance, function, and protective capacity. In addition, we discuss differences and similarities between the transcriptional profiles of TRM and inflationary T cells, supporting the notion that they are distinct memory T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne P M Welten
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Sandu
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas S Baumann
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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140
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Hashimoto M, Im SJ, Araki K, Ahmed R. Cytokine-Mediated Regulation of CD8 T-Cell Responses During Acute and Chronic Viral Infection. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a028464. [PMID: 29101105 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The common γ-chain cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, and IL-15, regulate critical aspects of antiviral CD8 T-cell responses. During acute infections, IL-2 controls expansion and differentiation of antiviral CD8 T cells, whereas IL-7 and IL-15 are key cytokines to maintain memory CD8 T cells long term in an antigen-independent manner. On the other hand, during chronic infections, in which T-cell exhaustion is established, precise roles of these cytokines in regulation of antiviral CD8 T-cell responses are not well defined. Nonetheless, administration of IL-2, IL-7, or IL-15 can increase function of exhausted CD8 T cells, and thus can be an attractive therapeutic approach. A new subset of stem-cell-like CD8 T cells, which provides a proliferative burst after programmed cell death (PD)-1 therapy, has been recently described during chronic viral infection. Further understanding of cytokine-mediated regulation of this CD8 T-cell subset will improve cytokine therapies to treat chronic infections and cancer in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Hashimoto
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Se Jin Im
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Koichi Araki
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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141
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Kalia V, Sarkar S. Regulation of Effector and Memory CD8 T Cell Differentiation by IL-2-A Balancing Act. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2987. [PMID: 30619342 PMCID: PMC6306427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) regulates key aspects of CD8 T cell biology–signaling through distinct pathways IL-2 triggers critical metabolic and transcriptional changes that lead to a spectrum of physiological outcomes such as cell survival, proliferation, and effector differentiation. In addition to driving effector differentiation, IL-2 signals are also critical for formation of long-lived CD8 T cell memory. This review discusses a model of rheostatic control of CD8 T cell effector and memory differentiation by IL-2, wherein the timing, duration, dose, and source of IL-2 signals are considered in fine-tuning the balance of key transcriptional regulators of cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Kalia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Surojit Sarkar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,M3D Graduate Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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142
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Kavazović I, Polić B, Wensveen FM. Cheating the Hunger Games; Mechanisms Controlling Clonal Diversity of CD8 Effector and Memory Populations. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2831. [PMID: 30555492 PMCID: PMC6281969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector and memory CD8 T cells have an intrinsic difference in the way they must approach antigen; effector cells need to address the pathogen at hand and therefore favor outgrowth of only high-affinity clones. In contrast, the memory pool benefits from greater clonal diversity to recognize and eliminate pathogens with mutations in their immunogenic epitopes. Effector and memory fates are ultimately the result of the same three signals that control T cell activation; T cell receptor (TCR) engagement together with co-stimulation and cytokines. Great progress has been made in our understanding of the transcriptional programs that drive effector or memory differentiation. However, how these two different programs result from the same initial cues is still a matter of debate. An emerging image is that not only the classical three signals determine T cell differentiation, but also the ability of cells to access these signals relative to that of other activated clones. Inter-clonal competition is therefore not only a selective force, but also a mediator of CD8 T cell fate. How this is regulated on a transcriptional level, especially in the context of a selective “hunger game” based on antigen-affinity in which only cells of high-affinity are supposed to survive, is still poorly defined. In this review, we discuss recent literature that illustrates how antigen-affinity dependent inter-clonal competition shapes effector and memory populations in an environment of antigen affinity-driven selection. We argue that fine-tuning of TCR signal intensity presents an attractive target for regulating the scope of CD8 T cell vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Kavazović
- Department of Histology & Embryology University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Bojan Polić
- Department of Histology & Embryology University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Histology & Embryology University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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143
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Sinha S, Borcherding N, Renavikar PS, Crawford MP, Tsalikian E, Tansey M, Shivapour ET, Bittner F, Kamholz J, Olalde H, Gibson E, Karandikar NJ. An autoimmune disease risk SNP, rs2281808, in SIRPG is associated with reduced expression of SIRPγ and heightened effector state in human CD8 T-cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15440. [PMID: 30337675 PMCID: PMC6194019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple GWAS studies have shown that the SNP rs2281808 TT variant, present within the SIRPG gene, is associated with autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. However, the role of SIRPγ in human T-cells is not known, neither is the functional significance of TT variant. Here we investigated SIRPG genotypes and their effects on the fate and function of human T-cells. We found that the presence of T variant resulted in reduction of SIRPγ expression on T-cells. Functionally, SIRPγlow CD8 T-cells in CT and TT individuals existed in a heightened effector state with lower activation threshold and had greater expression of genes and molecules associated with migratory and cytotoxic potential. Further, SIRPγlow CD8 T-cells were deficient in transcription factors associated with long-term functional memory formation. Our study reveals biological consequences of the SNP rs2281808 and provides novel insights into the potential mechanisms by which SIRPγ might regulate human immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Sinha
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Pranav S Renavikar
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Michael P Crawford
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eva Tsalikian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Michael Tansey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | - Frank Bittner
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - John Kamholz
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Heena Olalde
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Emilee Gibson
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Nitin J Karandikar
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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144
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Aqel SI, Granitto MC, Nuro-Gyina PK, Pei W, Liu Y, Lovett-Racke AE, Racke MK, Yang Y. Distinct roles for Blimp-1 in autoreactive CD4 T cells during priming and effector phase of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 325:20-28. [PMID: 30366205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein (Blimp-1) is a transcription factor that regulates effector/memory B cells and CD8 T cells. Here we show that Blimp-1 is expressed in both Th1 and Th17 cells in vitro and highly expressed in effector/memory myelin-specific CD4 T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. The immunized Blimp-1 conditional knockout mice have a significantly delayed disease onset but enhanced disease severity during the effector phase compared to their wild-type littermates, suggesting that Blimp-1 is a unique transcription factor with distinct roles in the regulation of myelin-specific CD4 T cells during priming and effector phase of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba I Aqel
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Marissa C Granitto
- Neuroscience Program, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Patrick K Nuro-Gyina
- Postbacculaureate Research Education Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Pei
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Amy E Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Michael K Racke
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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145
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Kragten NA, Behr FM, Vieira Braga FA, Remmerswaal EBM, Wesselink TH, Oja AE, Hombrink P, Kallies A, van Lier RA, Stark R, van Gisbergen KP. Blimp-1 induces and Hobit maintains the cytotoxic mediator granzyme B in CD8 T cells. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1644-1662. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasja A.M. Kragten
- Dept of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Felix M. Behr
- Dept of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
- Dept of Experimental Immunology; Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Felipe A. Vieira Braga
- Dept of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Ester B. M. Remmerswaal
- Dept of Experimental Immunology; Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit; Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Thomas H. Wesselink
- Dept of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Anna E. Oja
- Dept of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Pleun Hombrink
- Dept of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Axel Kallies
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Melbourne Australia
- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology; The University of Melbourne; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Melbourne Australia
| | - Rene A.W. van Lier
- Dept of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Dept of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
- Dept of Experimental Immunology; Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Klaas P.J.M. van Gisbergen
- Dept of Hematopoiesis; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
- Dept of Experimental Immunology; Amsterdam UMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Melbourne Australia
- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology; The University of Melbourne; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Melbourne Australia
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146
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Benevides L, Costa RS, Tavares LA, Russo M, Martins GA, da Silva LLP, Arruda LK, Cunha FQ, Carregaro V, Silva JS. B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 controls T H9 cell development, IL-9 production, and allergic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1119-1130.e3. [PMID: 30096391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcriptional repressor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1) has a key role in terminal differentiation in various T-cell subtypes. However, whether Blimp-1 regulates TH9 differentiation and its role in allergic inflammation are unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the role of Blimp-1 in TH9 differentiation and in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. METHODS In vitro TH9 differentiation, flow cytometry, ELISA, and real-time PCR were used to investigate the effects of Blimp-1 on TH9 polarization. T cell-specific Blimp-1-deficient mice, a model of allergic airway inflammation, and T-cell adoptive transfer to recombination-activating gene 1 (Rag-1)-/- mice were used to address the role of Blimp-1 in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. RESULTS We found that Blimp-1 regulates TH9 differentiation because deleting Blimp-1 increased IL-9 production in CD4+ T cells in vitro. In addition, we showed that in T cell-specific Blimp-1-deficient mice, deletion of Blimp-1 in T cells worsened airway disease, and this worsening was inhibited by IL-9 neutralization. In asthmatic patients CD4+ T cells in response to TGF-β plus IL-4 increased IL-9 expression and downregulated Blimp-1 expression compared with expression in healthy control subjects. Blimp-1 overexpression in human TH9 cells inhibited IL-9 expression. CONCLUSION Blimp-1 is a pivotal negative regulator of TH9 differentiation and controls allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Benevides
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Renata Sesti Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alves Tavares
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo
| | - Gislâine A Martins
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute and Department of Medicine and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Luis Lamberti P da Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - L Karla Arruda
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carregaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Santana Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Fiocruz-Bi-Institutional Translational Medicine Platform, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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147
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Behr FM, Chuwonpad A, Stark R, van Gisbergen KPJM. Armed and Ready: Transcriptional Regulation of Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1770. [PMID: 30131803 PMCID: PMC6090154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental benefit of immunological memory is the ability to respond in an enhanced manner upon secondary encounter with the same pathogen. Tissue-resident memory CD8 T (TRM) cells contribute to improved protection against reinfection through the generation of immediate effector responses at the site of pathogen entry. Key to the potential of TRM cells to develop rapid recall responses is their location within the epithelia of the skin, lungs, and intestines at prime entry sites of pathogens. TRM cells are among the first immune cells to respond to pathogens that have been previously encountered in an antigen-specific manner. Upon recognition of invading pathogens, TRM cells release IFN-γ and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These effector molecules activate the surrounding epithelial tissue and recruit other immune cells including natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, and circulating memory CD8 T cells to the site of infection. The repertoire of TRM effector functions also includes the direct lysis of infected cells through the release of cytotoxic molecules such as perforin and granzymes. The mechanisms enabling TRM cells to respond in such a rapid manner are gradually being uncovered. In this review, we will address the signals that instruct TRM generation and maintenance as well as the underlying transcriptional network that keeps TRM cells in a deployment-ready modus. Furthermore, we will discuss how TRM cells respond to reinfection of the tissue and how transcription factors may control immediate and proliferative TRM responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ammarina Chuwonpad
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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148
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Interleukin-21 Induces Short-Lived Effector CD8 + T Cells but Does Not Inhibit Their Exhaustion after Mycobacterium bovis BCG Infection in Mice. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00147-18. [PMID: 29844233 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00147-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a pleiotropic common cytokine receptor γ chain cytokine that promotes the effector functions of NK cells and CD8+ T cells and inhibits CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic infection. We found that the absolute number of short-lived effector CD8+ T cells (SLECs) (KLRG1high CD127low) decreased significantly in IL-21 receptor-deficient (IL-21R-/-) mice during Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection. Early effector CD8+ T cells (EECs) (KLRG1low CD127low) were normally generated in IL-21R-/- mice after infection. Exhausted CD8+ T cells (PD-1high KLRG1low) were also normally generated in IL-21R-/- mice after infection. Mixed bone marrow (BM) chimera and transfer experiments showed that IL-21R on CD8+ T cells was essential for the proliferation of EECs, allowing them to differentiate into SLECs after BCG infection. On the other hand, the number of SLECs increased significantly after infection with recombinant BCG (rBCG) that secreted an antigen 85B (Ag85B)-IL-21 fusion protein (rBCG-Ag85B-IL-21), but the number of exhausted CD8+ T cells did not change after rBCG-Ag85B-IL-21 infection. These results suggest that IL-21 signaling drives the differentiation of SLECs from EECs but does not inhibit the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells following BCG infection in mice.
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149
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Regulation of H3K4me3 at Transcriptional Enhancers Characterizes Acquisition of Virus-Specific CD8 + T Cell-Lineage-Specific Function. Cell Rep 2018; 21:3624-3636. [PMID: 29262339 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection triggers large-scale changes in the phenotype and function of T cells that are critical for immune clearance, yet the gene regulatory mechanisms that control these changes are largely unknown. Using ChIP-seq for specific histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), we mapped the dynamics of ∼25,000 putative CD8+ T cell transcriptional enhancers (TEs) differentially utilized during virus-specific T cell differentiation. Interestingly, we identified a subset of dynamically regulated TEs that exhibited acquisition of a non-canonical (H3K4me3+) chromatin signature upon differentiation. This unique TE subset exhibited characteristics of poised enhancers in the naive CD8+ T cell subset and demonstrated enrichment for transcription factor binding motifs known to be important for virus-specific CD8+ T cell differentiation. These data provide insights into the establishment and maintenance of the gene transcription profiles that define each stage of virus-specific T cell differentiation.
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150
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Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced in large amounts within cancer microenvironments that will ultimately promote neoplastic progression, notably by suppressing the host’s T-cell immunosurveillance. This effect is mostly due to the well-known inhibitory effect of TGF-β on T cell proliferation, activation, and effector functions. Moreover, TGF-β subverts T cell immunity by favoring regulatory T-cell differentiation, further reinforcing immunosuppression within tumor microenvironments. These findings stimulated the development of many strategies to block TGF-β or its signaling pathways, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, to restore anti-cancer immunity. Paradoxically, recent studies provided evidence that TGF-β can also promote differentiation of certain inflammatory populations of T cells, such as Th17, Th9, and resident-memory T cells (Trm), which have been associated with improved tumor control in several models. Here, we review current advances in our understanding of the many roles of TGF-β in T cell biology in the context of tumor immunity and discuss the possibility to manipulate TGF-β signaling to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Dahmani
- Centre de Recherche de L'hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L'Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Centre de Recherche de L'hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L'Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.
- Hematology-Oncology service, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.
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