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Newton K, Strasser A, Kayagaki N, Dixit VM. Cell death. Cell 2024; 187:235-256. [PMID: 38242081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Cell death supports morphogenesis during development and homeostasis after birth by removing damaged or obsolete cells. It also curtails the spread of pathogens by eliminating infected cells. Cell death can be induced by the genetically programmed suicide mechanisms of apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, or it can be a consequence of dysregulated metabolism, as in ferroptosis. Here, we review the signaling mechanisms underlying each cell-death pathway, discuss how impaired or excessive activation of the distinct cell-death processes can promote disease, and highlight existing and potential therapies for redressing imbalances in cell death in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Newton
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Andreas Strasser
- WEHI: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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102
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Gonzalez JJI, Hossain MF, Neef J, Zwack EE, Tsai CM, Raafat D, Fechtner K, Herzog L, Kohler TP, Schlüter R, Reder A, Holtfreter S, Liu GY, Hammerschmidt S, Völker U, Torres VJ, van Dijl JM, Lillig CH, Bröker BM, Darisipudi MN. TLR4 sensing of IsdB of Staphylococcus aureus induces a proinflammatory cytokine response via the NLRP3-caspase-1 inflammasome cascade. mBio 2024; 15:e0022523. [PMID: 38112465 PMCID: PMC10790753 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00225-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is of global concern, and vaccines are urgently needed. The iron-regulated surface determinant protein B (IsdB) of S. aureus was investigated as a vaccine candidate because of its essential role in bacterial iron acquisition but failed in clinical trials despite strong immunogenicity. Here, we reveal an unexpected second function for IsdB in pathogen-host interaction: the bacterial fitness factor IsdB triggers a strong inflammatory response in innate immune cells via Toll-like receptor 4 and the inflammasome, thus acting as a novel pathogen-associated molecular pattern of S. aureus. Our discovery contributes to a better understanding of how S. aureus modulates the immune response, which is necessary for vaccine development against the sophisticated pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Faruq Hossain
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jolanda Neef
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erin E. Zwack
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dina Raafat
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kevin Fechtner
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Luise Herzog
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Kohler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Imaging Center of the Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Reder
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silva Holtfreter
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - George Y. Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Victor J. Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher H. Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Murty N. Darisipudi
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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103
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Mazzarda F, Chittams-Miles AE, Pittaluga J, Sözer EB, Vernier PT, Muratori C. Inflammasome Activation and IL-1β Release Triggered by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields in Murine Innate Immune Cells and Skin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:335-345. [PMID: 38047899 PMCID: PMC10752860 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although electric field-induced cell membrane permeabilization (electroporation) is used in a wide range of clinical applications from cancer therapy to cardiac ablation, the cellular- and molecular-level details of the processes that determine the success or failure of these treatments are poorly understood. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF)-based tumor therapies are known to have an immune component, but whether and how immune cells sense the electroporative damage and respond to it have not been demonstrated. Damage- and pathogen-associated stresses drive inflammation via activation of cytosolic multiprotein platforms known as inflammasomes. The assembly of inflammasome complexes triggers caspase-1-dependent secretion of IL-1β and in many settings a form of cell death called pyroptosis. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the nsPEF damage is sensed intracellularly by the NLRP3 inflammasome. We found that 200-ns PEFs induced aggregation of the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC, activation of caspase-1, and triggered IL-1β release in multiple innate immune cell types (J774A.1 macrophages, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and dendritic cells) and in vivo in mouse skin. Efflux of potassium from the permeabilized cell plasma membrane was partially responsible for nsPEF-induced inflammasome activation. Based on results from experiments using both the NRLP3-specific inhibitor MCC950 and NLRP3 knockout cells, we propose that the damage created by nsPEFs generates a set of stimuli for the inflammasome and that more than one sensor can drive IL-1β release in response to electrical pulse stimulation. This study shows, to our knowledge, for the first time, that PEFs activate the inflammasome, suggesting that this pathway alarms the immune system after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Mazzarda
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | | | - Julia Pittaluga
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Esin B. Sözer
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - P. Thomas Vernier
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Claudia Muratori
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
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104
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Caceres L, Abogunloko T, Malchow S, Ehret F, Merz J, Li X, Sol Mitre L, Magnani N, Tasat D, Mwinyella T, Spiga L, Suchanek D, Fischer L, Gorka O, Colin Gissler M, Hilgendorf I, Stachon P, Rog-Zielinska E, Groß O, Westermann D, Evelson P, Wolf D, Marchini T. Molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production in air pollution fine particulate matter (PM 2.5)-primed macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122997. [PMID: 38000727 PMCID: PMC10804998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution fine particulate matter (PM2.5) aggravates respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. It has been proposed that PM2.5 uptake by alveolar macrophages promotes local inflammation that ignites a systemic response, but precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PM2.5 phagocytosis leads to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent release of the pro-inflammatory master cytokine IL-1β. Inflammasome priming and assembly was time- and dose-dependent in inflammasome-reporter THP-1-ASC-GFP cells, and consistent across PM2.5 samples of variable chemical composition. While inflammasome activation was promoted by different PM2.5 surrogates, significant IL-1β release could only be observed after stimulation with transition-metal rich Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA) particles. This effect was confirmed in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and by confocal imaging of inflammasome-reporter ASC-Citrine BMDMs. IL-1β release by ROFA was dependent on the NLRP3 inflammasome, as indicated by lack of IL-1β production in ROFA-exposed NLRP3-deficient (Nlrp3-/-) BMDMs, and by specific NLRP3 inhibition with the pharmacological compound MCC950. In addition, while ROFA promoted the upregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokines release, MCC950 reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and CCL2 production. Furthermore, inhibition of TNF-α with a neutralizing antibody decreased IL-1β release in ROFA-exposed BMDMs. Using electron tomography, ROFA particles were observed inside intracellular vesicles and mitochondria, which showed signs of ultrastructural damage. Mechanistically, we identified lysosomal rupture, K+ efflux, and impaired mitochondrial function as important prerequisites for ROFA-mediated IL-1β release. Interestingly, specific inhibition of superoxide anion production (O2•-) from mitochondrial respiratory Complex I, but not III, blunted IL-1β release in ROFA-exposed BMDMs. Our findings unravel the mechanism by which PM2.5 promotes IL-1β release in macrophages and provide a novel link between innate immune response and exposure to air pollution PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Caceres
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tijani Abogunloko
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Malchow
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Fabienne Ehret
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Julian Merz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lucia Sol Mitre
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah Tasat
- Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, B1650, General San Martín, Argentina
| | - Timothy Mwinyella
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lisa Spiga
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dymphie Suchanek
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Larissa Fischer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gorka
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark Colin Gissler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Eva Rog-Zielinska
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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105
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Wang Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Swift M, Zhang Z, Wu S, Sun Y, Yang K. In situ vaccination caused by diverse irradiation-driven cell death programs. Theranostics 2024; 14:1147-1167. [PMID: 38323315 PMCID: PMC10845208 DOI: 10.7150/thno.86004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Interest surrounding the effect of irradiation on immune activation has exponentially grown within the last decade. This includes work regarding mechanisms of the abscopal effect and the success achieved by combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. It is hypothesized that irradiation triggers the immune system to eliminate tumors by inducing tumor cells immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells. Activation of the ICD pathways can be exploited as an in situ vaccine. In this review, we provide fundamental knowledge of various forms of ICD caused by irradiation, describe the relationship between various cell death pathways and the immune activation effect driven by irradiation, and focus on the therapeutic value of exploiting these cell death programs in the context of irradiation. Furthermore, we summarize the immunomodulatory effect of different cell death programs on combinative radiotherapy and immunotherapy. In brief, differences in cell death programs significantly impact the irradiation-induced immune activation effect. Evaluating the transition between them will provide clues to develop new strategies for radiotherapy and its combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Yan Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- University of Southern California, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine
| | - Michelle Swift
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1772, USA
| | - Shuhui Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430048, China
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106
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Rozario P, Pinilla M, Gorse L, Vind AC, Robinson KS, Toh GA, Firdaus MJ, Martínez JF, Kerk SK, Lin Z, Chambers JC, Bekker-Jensen S, Meunier E, Zhong F. Mechanistic basis for potassium efflux-driven activation of the human NLRP1 inflammasome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309579121. [PMID: 38175865 PMCID: PMC10786283 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309579121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Nigericin, an ionophore derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, is arguably the most commonly used tool compound to study the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recent findings, however, showed that nigericin also activates the NLRP1 inflammasome in human keratinocytes. In this study, we resolve the mechanistic basis of nigericin-driven NLRP1 inflammasome activation. In multiple nonhematopoietic cell types, nigericin rapidly and specifically inhibits the elongation stage of the ribosome cycle by depleting cytosolic potassium ions. This activates the ribotoxic stress response (RSR) sensor kinase ZAKα, p38, and JNK, as well as the hyperphosphorylation of the NLRP1 linker domain. As a result, nigericin-induced pyroptosis in human keratinocytes is blocked by extracellular potassium supplementation, ZAKα knockout, or pharmacologic inhibitors of ZAKα and p38 kinase activities. By surveying a panel of ionophores, we show that electroneutrality of ion movement is essential to activate ZAKα-driven RSR and a greater extent of K+ depletion is necessary to activate ZAKα-NLRP1 than NLRP3. These findings resolve the mechanism by which nigericin activates NLRP1 in nonhematopoietic cell types and demonstrate an unexpected connection between RSR, perturbations of potassium ion flux, and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritisha Rozario
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
| | - Miriam Pinilla
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse31077, France
| | - Leana Gorse
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse31077, France
| | - Anna Constance Vind
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200, Denmark
- Center for Gene Expression, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200, Denmark
| | - Kim S. Robinson
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Skin Research Labs, 138648, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Gee Ann Toh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
| | | | - José Francisco Martínez
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200, Denmark
- Center for Gene Expression, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200, Denmark
| | - Swat Kim Kerk
- Population and Global Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
| | - Zhewang Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - John C. Chambers
- Population and Global Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
| | - Simon Bekker-Jensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200, Denmark
- Center for Gene Expression, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2200, Denmark
| | - Etienne Meunier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse31077, France
| | - Franklin Zhong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, 308232, Singapore
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107
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Zhang K, Qin Z, Chen J, Guo G, Jiang X, Wang F, Zhuang J, Zhang Z. TRPV1 modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation via calcium in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1096-1110. [PMID: 38180747 PMCID: PMC10866436 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a key role in early brain injury (EBI) of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the development of neuroinflammation after SAH, but the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation after SAH is still unclear. TRPV1 is a non-selective calcium channel that is involved in the pathology of neuroinflammation, but its role in SAH has not been revealed. Our study showed that TRPV1 was significantly upregulated after SAH and was predominantly expressed in microglia/macrophages. Antagonism of TRPV1 was effective in ameliorating neurological impairment, brain edema, neuronal damage, and reducing the inflammatory response (evidenced by reducing the number of CD16/32 positive microglia/macrophages, inhibiting the expression of CD16, CD32, CD86, IL-1b, TNF-a and blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation). However, this effect can be abolished by NLRP3 inflammasome antagonist MCC950. In vitro experiment confirmed that TRPV1 activated NLRP3 inflammasome by increasing intracellular calcium levels. In conclusion, TRPV1 mediates EBI after SAH via calcium/NLRP3, and TRPV1 is a potential therapeutic target after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jinyan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Gengyin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiaokun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
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108
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Panbhare K, Pandey R, Chauhan C, Sinha A, Shukla R, Kaundal RK. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Stroke Pathobiology: Current Therapeutic Avenues and Future Perspective. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:31-55. [PMID: 38118278 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key pathophysiological feature of stroke-associated brain injury. A local innate immune response triggers neuroinflammation following a stroke via activating inflammasomes. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been heavily implicated in stroke pathobiology. Following a stroke, several stimuli have been suggested to trigger the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recent studies have advanced the understanding and revealed several new players regulating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation. This article discussed recent advancements in NLRP3 assembly and highlighted stroke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction as a major checkpoint to regulating NLRP3 activation. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation leads to caspase-1-dependent maturation and release of IL-1β, IL-18, and gasdermin D. In addition, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and downstream signaling has been shown to attenuate brain infarction and improve the neurological outcome in experimental models of stroke. Several drug-like small molecules targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome are in different phases of development as novel therapeutics for various inflammatory conditions, including stroke. Understanding how these molecules interfere with NLRP3 inflammasome assembly is paramount for their better optimization and/or development of newer NLRP3 inhibitors. In this review, we summarized the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and discussed the recent advances in understanding the upstream regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation following stroke. Additionally, we critically examined the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated signaling in stroke pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic modalities to target the NLRP3 inflammasome-related signaling for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Panbhare
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Rukmani Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Chandan Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Antarip Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Ravinder K Kaundal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
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Liao K, Zeng H, Yang X, He D, Wang B, Yuan J. KCNK5 Regulating Potassium Efflux and Inducing Pyroptosis in Corneal Epithelial Cells Through TNFSF10-Mediated Autophagy in Dry Eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:34. [PMID: 38236186 PMCID: PMC10807492 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to elucidate the involvement of potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 5 (KCNK5)-mediated potassium efflux in the pathogenesis of dry eye and to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods To induce experimental dry eye in adult wild-type C57BL/6 mice, scopolamine was administered via subcutaneous injection, and the mice were subjected to desiccating stress. To create an in vitro model of dry eye, desiccation stress was applied to the human corneal epithelial cell line (HCE-T). Intracellular potassium concentration was quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cellular death was assessed through lactate dehydrogenase assays. Gene expression profiling was conducted through both RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR. Protein analysis was carried out through Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Assessment of the corneal epithelial defect area was conducted through fluorescein sodium staining. Tear secretion was quantified using the phenol red cotton thread method. Results Potassium efflux was observed to further facilitate corneal epithelial pyroptosis. KCNK5 exhibited upregulation in both in vivo and in vitro models of dry eye. The overexpression of KCNK5 was observed to induce potassium efflux and activate the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in vitro. Silencing KCNK5 effectively mitigated pyroptosis in dry eye. Additionally, the overexpression of KCNK5 results in the downregulation of TNF superfamily member 10 (TNFSF10) and subsequent impairment of autophagy. TNFSF10 supplementation could promote autophagy and mitigate pyroptosis in dry eye. Conclusions The upregulation of KCNK5 mediates TNFSF10 to impair autophagy and induce pyroptosis in dry eye. Consequently, targeting KCNK5 may represent a novel and promising approach to therapeutic intervention in the management of dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dalian He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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110
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Zhang J, Gao L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Sun S, Wu L. Involvement of microglial P2X7 receptor in pain modulation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14496. [PMID: 37950524 PMCID: PMC10805404 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a rapid response mechanism that compels organisms to retreat from the harmful stimuli and triggers a repair response. Nonetheless, when pain persists for extended periods, it can lead to adverse changes into in the individual's brain, negatively impacting their emotional state and overall quality of life. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in regulating a variety of pain-related disorders. Specifically, recent studies have shed light on the central role that microglial purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) plays in regulating pain. In this respect, the P2X7R on microglial membranes represents a potential therapeutic target. AIMS To expound on the intricate link between microglial P2X7R and pain, offering insights into potential avenues for future research. METHODS We reviewed 140 literature and summarized the important role of microglial P2X7R in regulating pain, including the structure and function of P2X7R, the relationship between P2X7R and microglial polarization, P2X7R-related signaling pathways, and the effects of P2X7R antagonists on pain regulation. RESULTS P2X7R activation is related to M1 polarization of microglia, while suppressing P2X7R can transfer microglia from M1 into M2 phenotype. And targeting the P2X7R-mediated signaling pathways helps to explore new therapy for pain alleviation. P2X7R antagonists also hold potential for translational and clinical applications in pain management. CONCLUSIONS Microglial P2X7R holds promise as a potential novel pharmacological target for clinical treatments due to its distinctive structure, function, and the development of antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Yaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Haozhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Shukai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Li‐an Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Zhang X, Yang Q, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Zeng W, Yu Q, Zeng M, Gan J, Li H, Yang L, Gao Q, Jiang X. Sodium Danshensu ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting CLIC4/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated endothelial cell pyroptosis. Biofactors 2024; 50:74-88. [PMID: 37458329 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial pyroptosis promotes cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Sodium Danshensu (SDSS) has been shown to attenuate CIRI and have anti-inflammatory properties in endothelial cells. However, the mechanism and effect of SDSS on alleviating endothelial pyroptosis after CIRI remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of SDSS in reducing endothelial pyroptosis. It has been shown that SDSS administration inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. As demonstrated by protein microarrays, molecular docking, CETSA and ITDRFCETSA , SDSS bound strongly to CLIC4. Furthermore, SDSS can decrease its expression and inhibit its translocation. Its effectiveness was lowered by CLIC4 overexpression but not by knockdown. Overall The beneficial effect of SDSS against CIRI in this study can be ascribed to blocking endothelial pyroptosis by binding to CLIC4 and then inhibiting chloride efflux-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- Oncology Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huhu Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Sawai Y, Suzuki Y, Asagiri M, Hida S, Kondo R, Zamponi GW, Giles WR, Imaizumi Y, Yamamura H. Caveolin-1 forms a complex with P2X7 receptor and tunes P2X7-mediated ATP signaling in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C125-C142. [PMID: 37955123 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00303.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The ionotropic purinergic P2X7 receptor responds to extracellular ATP and can trigger proinflammatory immune signaling in macrophages. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is known to modulate functions of macrophages and innate immunity. However, it is unknown how Cav-1 modulates P2X7 receptor activity in macrophages. We herein examined P2X7 receptor activity and macrophage functions using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wild-type (WT) and Cav-1 knockout (KO) mice. ATP (1 mM) application caused biphasic increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] and sustained decrease in cytosolic [K+]. A specific P2X7 receptor blocker, A-740003, inhibited the maintained cytosolic [Ca2+] increase and cytosolic [K+] decrease. Total internal reflection fluorescent imaging and proximity ligation assays revealed a novel molecular complex formation between P2X7 receptors and Cav-1 in WT BMDMs that were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides. This molecular coupling was increased by ATP application. Specifically, the ATP-induced Ca2+ influx and K+ efflux through P2X7 receptors were increased in Cav-1 KO BMDMs, even though the total and surface protein levels of P2X7 receptors in WT and Cav-1 KO BMDMs were unchanged. Cell-impermeable dye (TO-PRO3) uptake analysis revealed that macropore formation of P2X7 receptors was enhanced in Cav-1 KO BMDMs. Cav-1 KO BMDMs increased ATP-induced IL-1β secretion, reactive oxygen species production, Gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage, and lactate dehydrogenase release indicating pyroptosis. A-740003 completely prevented ATP-induced pyroptosis. In combination, these datasets show that Cav-1 has a negative effect on P2X7 receptor activity in BMDMs and that Cav-1 in macrophages may contribute to finely tuned immune responses by preventing excessive IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In bone marrow-derived macrophages, Cav-1 suppresses the macropore formation of P2X7 receptors through their direct or indirect interactions, resulting in reduced membrane permeability of cations (Ca2+ and K+) and large cell-impermeable dye (TO-PRO3) induced by ATP. Cav-1 also inhibits ATP-induced IL-1β secretion, ROS production, GSDMD cleavage, and pyroptosis. Cav-1 contributes to the maintenance of proper immune responses by finely tuning IL-1β secretion and cell death in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Sawai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Hida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rubii Kondo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wayne R Giles
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Vande Walle L, Lamkanfi M. Drugging the NLRP3 inflammasome: from signalling mechanisms to therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:43-66. [PMID: 38030687 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Diseases associated with chronic inflammation constitute a major health burden across the world. As central instigators of the inflammatory response to infection and tissue damage, inflammasomes - and the NACHT, LRR and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in particular - have emerged as key regulators in diverse rheumatic, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Similarly to other inflammasome sensors, NLRP3 assembles a cytosolic innate immune complex that activates the cysteine protease caspase-1, which in turn cleaves gasdermin D (GSDMD) to induce pyroptosis, a regulated mode of lytic cell death. Pyroptosis is highly inflammatory, partly because of the concomitant extracellular release of the inflammasome-dependent cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 along with a myriad of additional danger signals and intracellular antigens. Here, we discuss how NLRP3 and downstream inflammasome effectors such as GSDMD, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and nerve injury-induced protein 1 (NINJ1) have gained significant traction as therapeutic targets. We highlight the recent progress in developing small-molecule and biologic inhibitors that are advancing into the clinic and serving to harness the broad therapeutic potential of modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Vande Walle
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Kendall RL, Holian A. Lysosomal BK channels facilitate silica-induced inflammation in macrophages. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:31-43. [PMID: 38261520 PMCID: PMC11080613 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2305112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysosomal ion channels are proposed therapeutic targets for a number of diseases, including those driven by NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation. Here, the specific role of the lysosomal big conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel was evaluated in a silica model of inflammation in murine macrophages. A specific-inhibitor of BK channel function, paxilline (PAX), and activators NS11021 and NS1619 were utilized to evaluate the role of lysosomal BK channel activity in silica-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and NLRP3 inflammasome activation resulting in IL-1β release. METHODS Murine macrophages were exposed in vitro to crystalline silica following pretreatment with BK channel inhibitors or activators and LMP, cell death, and IL-1β release were assessed. In addition, the effect of PAX treatment on silica-induced cytosolic K+ decrease was measured. Finally, the effects of BK channel modifiers on lysosomal pH, proteolytic activity, and cholesterol transport were also evaluated. RESULTS PAX pretreatment significantly attenuated silica-induced cell death and IL-1β release. PAX caused an increase in lysosomal pH and decrease in lysosomal proteolytic activity. PAX also caused a significant accumulation of lysosomal cholesterol. BK channel activators NS11021 and NS1619 increased silica-induced cell death and IL-1β release. BK channel activation also caused a decrease in lysosomal pH and increase in lysosomal proteolytic function as well as a decrease in cholesterol accumulation. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results demonstrate that inhibiting lysosomal BK channel activity with PAX effectively reduced silica-induced cell death and IL-1β release. Blocking cytosolic K+ entry into the lysosome prevented LMP through the decrease of lysosomal acidification and proteolytic function and increase in lysosomal cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Kendall
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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115
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yu C, Yang P, Xu M, Ling J, Wu Y, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Shi A, Liu X, Zhang J, Yu P, Zhang D. Food-derived peptides as novel therapeutic strategies for NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-32. [PMID: 38153262 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2294164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3), a member of the nucleotide-binding domain (NOD) and leucine-rich repeat sequence (LRR) protein (NLR) family, plays an essential role in the inflammation initiation and inflammatory mediator secretion, and thus is also associated with many disease progressions. Food-derived bioactive peptides (FDBP) exhibit excellent anti-inflammatory activity in both in vivo and in vitro models. They are encrypted in plant, meat, and milk proteins and can be released under enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation conditions, thereby hindering the progression of hyperuricemia, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic liver disease, neurological disorders, lung injury and periodontitis by inactivating the NLRP3. However, there is a lack of systematic review around FDBP, NLRP3, and NLRP3-related diseases. Therefore, this review summarized FDBP that exert inhibiting effects on NLRP3 inflammasome from different protein sources and detailed their preparation and purification methods. Additionally, this paper also compiled the possible inhibitory mechanisms of FDBP on NLRP3 inflammasomes and its regulatory role in NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases. Finally, the progress of cutting-edge technologies, including nanoparticle, computer-aided screening strategy and recombinant DNA technology, in the acquisition or encapsulation of NLRP3 inhibitory FDBP was discussed. This review provides a scientific basis for understanding the anti-inflammatory mechanism of FDBP through the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and also provides guidance for the development of therapeutic adjuvants or functional foods enriched with these FDBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Chenfeng Yu
- Huankui College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pingping Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Zicheng Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ao Shi
- School of Medicine, St. George University of London, London, UK
| | - Xiao Liu
- Cardiology Department, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Seoane PI, Beswick JA, Leach AG, Swanton T, Morris LV, Couper K, Lowe M, Freeman S, Brough D. Squaramides enhance NLRP3 inflammasome activation by lowering intracellular potassium. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:469. [PMID: 38129373 PMCID: PMC10739973 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a component of the inflammatory response to infection and injury, orchestrating the maturation and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and triggering pyroptotic cell death. Appropriate levels of NLRP3 activation are needed to avoid excessive tissue damage while ensuring host protection. Here we report a role for symmetrical diarylsquaramides as selective K+ efflux-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome enhancers. Treatment of macrophages with squaramides potentiated IL-1β secretion and ASC speck formation in response to K+ efflux-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activators without affecting priming, endosome cargo trafficking, or activation of other inflammasomes. The squaramides lowered intracellular K+ concentration which enabled cells to respond to a below-threshold dose of the inflammasome activator nigericin. Taken together these data further highlight the role of ion flux in inflammasome activation and squaramides as an interesting platform for therapeutic development in conditions where enhanced NLRP3 activity could be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I Seoane
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - James A Beswick
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew G Leach
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Lucy V Morris
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kevin Couper
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sally Freeman
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Ran L, Ye T, Erbs E, Ehl S, Spassky N, Sumara I, Zhang Z, Ricci R. KCNN4 links PIEZO-dependent mechanotransduction to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf4699. [PMID: 38134241 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells sense the microenvironment to fine-tune their inflammatory responses. Patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), caused by mutations in the NLRP3 gene, develop autoinflammation triggered by nonantigenic cues such as from the environment. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we uncover that KCNN4, a calcium-activated potassium channel, links PIEZO-mediated mechanotransduction to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Yoda1, a PIEZO1 agonist, lowered the threshold for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PIEZO-mediated sensing of stiffness and shear stress increased NLRP3-dependent inflammation. Myeloid-specific deletion of PIEZO1/2 protected mice from gouty arthritis. Mechanistically, activation of PIEZO1 triggers calcium influx, which activates KCNN4 to evoke potassium efflux and promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Activation of PIEZO signaling was sufficient to activate the inflammasome in cells expressing CAPS-causing NLRP3 mutants via KCNN4. Last, pharmacological inhibition of KCNN4 alleviated autoinflammation in cells of patients with CAPS and in mice bearing a CAPS mutation. Thus, PIEZO-dependent mechanical inputs boost inflammation in NLRP3-dependent diseases, including CAPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ran
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Tao Ye
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Eric Erbs
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Spassky
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research Univresity, Paris, France
| | - Izabela Sumara
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Romeo Ricci
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
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118
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Zheng S, Que X, Wang S, Zhou Q, Xing X, Chen L, Hou C, Ma J, An P, Peng Y, Yao Y, Song Q, Li J, Zhang P, Pei H. ZDHHC5-mediated NLRP3 palmitoylation promotes NLRP3-NEK7 interaction and inflammasome activation. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4570-4585.e7. [PMID: 38092000 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical mediator of the innate immune response. How NLRP3 responds to stimuli and initiates the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome is not fully understood. Here, we found that a cellular metabolite, palmitate, facilitates NLRP3 activation by enhancing its S-palmitoylation, in synergy with lipopolysaccharide stimulation. NLRP3 is post-translationally palmitoylated by zinc-finger and aspartate-histidine-histidine-cysteine 5 (ZDHHC5) at the LRR domain, which promotes NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation. Silencing ZDHHC5 blocks NLRP3 oligomerization, NLRP3-NEK7 interaction, and formation of large intracellular ASC aggregates, leading to abrogation of caspase-1 activation, IL-1β/18 release, and GSDMD cleavage, both in human cells and in mice. ABHD17A depalmitoylates NLRP3, and one human-heritable disease-associated mutation in NLRP3 was found to be associated with defective ABHD17A binding and hyper-palmitoylation. Furthermore, Zdhhc5-/- mice showed defective NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo. Taken together, our data reveal an endogenous mechanism of inflammasome assembly and activation and suggest NLRP3 palmitoylation as a potential target for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Zheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyong Que
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Xiaoke Xing
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Ping An
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihan Peng
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yi Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Pingfeng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huadong Pei
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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119
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Cheng H, Villahoz BF, Ponzio RD, Aschner M, Chen P. Signaling Pathways Involved in Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity. Cells 2023; 12:2842. [PMID: 38132161 PMCID: PMC10742340 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but insufficient or excessive bodily amounts can induce neurotoxicity. Mn can directly increase neuronal insulin and activate insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors. As an important cofactor, Mn regulates signaling pathways involved in various enzymes. The IGF signaling pathway plays a protective role in the neurotoxicity of Mn, reducing apoptosis in neurons and motor deficits by regulating its downstream protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In recent years, some new mechanisms related to neuroinflammation have been shown to also play an important role in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. For example, DNA-sensing receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cCAS) and its downstream signal efficient interferon gene stimulator (STING), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)-pro-caspase1, cleaves to the active form capase1 (CASP1), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), sirtuin (SIRT), and Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducers and activators of the transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Moreover, autophagy, as an important downstream protein degradation pathway, determines the fate of neurons and is regulated by these upstream signals. Interestingly, the role of autophagy in Mn-induced neurotoxicity is bidirectional. This review summarizes the molecular signaling pathways of Mn-induced neurotoxicity, providing insight for further understanding of the mechanisms of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (H.C.); (B.F.V.); (R.D.P.); (M.A.)
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More M, Chatterjee S, Saha P, Bose D, Trivedi A, Roy S, Chatterjee S. Host microbiome associated low intestinal acetate correlates with progressive NLRP3-dependent hepatic-immunotoxicity in early life microcystin-LR exposure. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:78. [PMID: 38093299 PMCID: PMC10720243 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcystins (MCs), potent hepatotoxins pose a significant health risk to humans, particularly children, who are more vulnerable due to higher water intake and increased exposure during recreational activities. METHODS Here, we investigated the role of host microbiome-linked acetate in modulating inflammation caused by early-life exposure to the cyanotoxin Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in a juvenile mice model. RESULTS Our study revealed that early-life MC-LR exposure disrupted the gut microbiome, leading to a depletion of key acetate-producing bacteria and decreased luminal acetate concentration. Consequently, the dysbiosis hindered the establishment of a gut homeostatic microenvironment and disrupted gut barrier function. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain - containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key player in MC-induced hepatoxicity emerged as a central player in this process, with acetate supplementation effectively preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, attenuating hepatic inflammation, and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the association between early-life MC-LR exposure and the progression of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), we investigated the role of acetate binding to its receptor -G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our results demonstrated that acetate-GPR43 signaling was crucial for decreasing NLRP3 protein levels and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Further, acetate-induced decrease in NLRP3 protein levels was likely mediated through proteasomal degradation rather than autophagy. Overall, our findings underscore the significance of a healthy gut microbiome and its metabolites, particularly acetate, in the progression of hepatotoxicity induced by early life toxin exposure, crucial for MASLD progression. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights potential therapeutic targets in gut dysbiosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation for mitigating toxin-associated inflammatory liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura More
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Punnag Saha
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dipro Bose
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ayushi Trivedi
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Subhajit Roy
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Toxicology Core, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UCI School of Medicine, University of California - Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Krampert L, Ossner T, Schröder A, Schatz V, Jantsch J. Simultaneous Increases in Intracellular Sodium and Tonicity Boost Antimicrobial Activity of Macrophages. Cells 2023; 12:2816. [PMID: 38132136 PMCID: PMC10741518 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflamed and infected tissues can display increased local sodium (Na+) levels, which can have various effects on immune cells. In macrophages, high salt (HS) leads to a Na+/Ca2+-exchanger 1 (NCX1)-dependent increase in intracellular Na+ levels. This results in augmented osmoprotective signaling and enhanced proinflammatory activation, such as enhanced expression of type 2 nitric oxide synthase and antimicrobial function. In this study, the role of elevated intracellular Na+ levels in macrophages was investigated. Therefore, the Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) was pharmacologically inhibited with two cardiac glycosides (CGs), ouabain (OUA) and digoxin (DIG), to raise intracellular Na+ without increasing extracellular Na+ levels. Exposure to HS conditions and treatment with both inhibitors resulted in intracellular Na+ accumulation and subsequent phosphorylation of p38/MAPK. The CGs had different effects on intracellular Ca2+ and K+ compared to HS stimulation. Moreover, the osmoprotective transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) was not upregulated on RNA and protein levels upon OUA and DIG treatment. Accordingly, OUA and DIG did not boost nitric oxide (NO) production and showed heterogeneous effects toward eliminating intracellular bacteria. While HS environments cause hypertonic stress and ionic perturbations, cardiac glycosides only induce the latter. Cotreatment of macrophages with OUA and non-ionic osmolyte mannitol (MAN) partially mimicked the HS-boosted antimicrobial macrophage activity. These findings suggest that intracellular Na+ accumulation and hypertonic stress are required but not sufficient to mimic boosted macrophage function induced by increased extracellular sodium availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Krampert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Thomas Ossner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
- Institute of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.K.)
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
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122
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Bandharam N, Lockey RF, Kolliputi N. Pyroptosis Inhibition in Disease Treatment: Opportunities and Challenges. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:615-619. [PMID: 37782424 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is at the center of immune responses, with different types of PCD occurring based on bodily conditions at a given moment. The main three types of PCD include pyroptosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis. Both pyroptosis and necroptosis induce an inflammatory response while apoptosis avoids eliciting an inflammatory reaction. Recently, pyroptosis has come to the forefront of immunology research due to tremendous potential that has been revealed surrounding the regulators of pyroptosis. In addition to previously known regulators of pyroptosis (ZBP1 and NLRP3 genes), a family of proteins called Gasdermin has been discovered. Specifically, Gasdermin D (GSDMD), when cleaved, participates in the onset of pyroptosis of inflammatory diseases. The N-terminal cleaved portion of the molecule causes cellular membrane openings releasing interleukin-18 and IL-1β, inducing pyroptosis. It is hypothesized that the inhibition of GSDMD using drugs such as Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) and Disulfiram may halt the progression of certain inflammatory diseases including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), autoimmune encephalitis etc. While there is not yet a concrete treatment for pyroptic cell death in inflammatory disease using GSDMD inhibition, there is ample evidence to suggest that there may be success in future studies and therapeutic applications of GSDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Bandharam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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123
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Matanza XM, Clements A. Pathogenicity and virulence of Shigella sonnei: A highly drug-resistant pathogen of increasing prevalence. Virulence 2023; 14:2280838. [PMID: 37994877 PMCID: PMC10732612 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2280838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigella spp. are the causative agent of shigellosis (or bacillary dysentery), a diarrhoeal disease characterized for the bacterial invasion of gut epithelial cells. Among the 4 species included in the genus, Shigella flexneri is principally responsible for the disease in the developing world while Shigella sonnei is the main causative agent in high-income countries. Remarkably, as more countries improve their socioeconomic conditions, we observe an increase in the relative prevalence of S. sonnei. To date, the reasons behind this change in aetiology depending on economic growth are not understood. S. flexneri has been widely used as a model to study the pathogenesis of the genus, but as more research data are collected, important discrepancies with S. sonnei have come to light. In comparison to S. flexneri, S. sonnei can be differentiated in numerous aspects; it presents a characteristic O-antigen identical to that of one serogroup of the environmental bacterium Plesiomonas shigelloides, a group 4 capsule, antibacterial mechanisms to outcompete and displace gut commensal bacteria, and a poorer adaptation to an intracellular lifestyle. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) have recognized the significant threat posed by antibiotic-resistant strains of S. sonnei, demanding new approaches. This review gathers knowledge on what is known about S. sonnei within the context of other Shigella spp. and aims to open the door for future research on understanding the increasing spread of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xosé M. Matanza
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail Clements
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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124
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Rusetskaya NY, Loginova NY, Pokrovskaya EP, Chesovskikh YS, Titova LE. Redox regulation of the NLRP3-mediated inflammation and pyroptosis. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2023; 69:333-352. [PMID: 38153050 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236906333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The review considers modern data on the mechanisms of activation and redox regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and gasdermins, as well as the role of selenium in these processes. Activation of the inflammasome and pyroptosis represent an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of the defense against pathogens, described for various types of cells and tissues (macrophages and monocytes, microglial cells and astrocytes, podocytes and parenchymal cells of the kidneys, periodontal tissues, osteoclasts and osteoblasts, as well as cells of the digestive and urogenital systems, etc.). Depending on the characteristics of redox regulation, the participants of NLRP3 inflammation and pyroptosis can be subdivided into 2 groups. Members of the first group block the mitochondrial electron transport chain, promote the formation of reactive oxygen species and the development of oxidative stress. This group includes granzymes, the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein MAVS, and others. The second group includes thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), erythroid-derived nuclear factor-2 (NRF2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), ninjurin (Ninj1), scramblase (TMEM16), inflammasome regulatory protein kinase NLRP3 (NEK7), caspase-1, gasdermins GSDM B, D and others. They have redox-sensitive domains and/or cysteine residues subjected to redox regulation, glutathionylation/deglutathionylation or other types of regulation. Suppression of oxidative stress and redox regulation of participants in NLRP3 inflammation and pyroptosis depends on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and thioredoxin reductase (TRXR), containing a selenocysteine residue Sec in the active site. The expression of GPX and TRXR is regulated by NRF2 and depends on the concentration of selenium in the blood. Selenium deficiency causes ineffective translation of the Sec UGA codon, translation termination, and, consequently, synthesis of inactive selenoproteins, which can cause various types of programmed cell death: apoptosis of nerve cells and sperm, necroptosis of erythrocyte precursors, pyroptosis of infected myeloid cells, ferroptosis of T- and B-lymphocytes, kidney and pancreatic cells. In addition, suboptimal selenium concentrations in the blood (0.86 μM or 68 μg/l or less) have a significant impact on expression of more than two hundred and fifty genes as compared to the optimal selenium concentration (1.43 μM or 113 μg/l). Based on the above, we propose to consider blood selenium concentrations as an important parameter of redox homeostasis in the cell. Suboptimal blood selenium concentrations (or selenium deficiency states) should be used for assessment of the risk of developing inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yu Rusetskaya
- V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - N Yu Loginova
- V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - E P Pokrovskaya
- V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Yu S Chesovskikh
- V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - L E Titova
- V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
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125
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Teh HX, Phang SJ, Looi ML, Kuppusamy UR, Arumugam B. Molecular pathways of NF-ĸB and NLRP3 inflammasome as potential targets in the treatment of inflammation in diabetic wounds: A review. Life Sci 2023; 334:122228. [PMID: 37922981 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are slow healing wounds characterized by disordered healing processes and frequently take longer than three months to heal. One of the defining characteristics of impaired diabetic wound healing is an abnormal and unresolved inflammatory response, which is primarily brought on by abnormal macrophage innate immune signaling activation. The persistent inflammatory state in a diabetic wound may be attributed to inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) and nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which have long been associated with inflammatory diseases. Despite the available treatments for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) that include debridement, growth factor therapy, and topical anti-bacterial agents, successful wound healing is still hampered. Further understanding of the molecular mechanism of these pathways could be useful in designing potential therapeutic targets for diabetic wound healing. This review provides an update and novel insights into the roles of NF-ĸB and NLRP3 pathways in the molecular mechanism of diabetic wound inflammation and their potential as therapeutic targets in diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey Xhin Teh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shou Jin Phang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mee Lee Looi
- Centre for Future Learning, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bavani Arumugam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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126
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Yang G, Yang W, Jiang H, Yi Q, Ma W. Hederagenin inhibits high glucose-induced fibrosis in human renal cells by suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation through reducing cathepsin B expression. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1409-1420. [PMID: 37599208 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus and is related to dysfunction of renal cells. Hederagenin is a triterpenoid saponin from some Chinese herbs with anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. However, its role in diabetic nephropathy progression is still obscure. This study aimed to explore the effects of hederagenin on renal cell dysfunction in vitro. Human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs) and human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpiCs) were cultured under high glucose (HG) conditions to mimic diabetic nephropathy-like injury. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8. mRNA and protein levels were determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The secretion levels of fibrosis-related biomarkers were analyzed by ELISA. Results showed that hederagenin reduced HG-induced proliferation increase in HRMCs and HRPTEpiCs. Hederagenin attenuated HG-induced increase in mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, and IL-1β. Hederagenin also suppressed HG-induced increase in mRNA and secretion levels of FN, Col. IV, PAI-1, and TGF-β1. NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 attenuated HG-induced fibrosis of renal cells, and its activator nigericin reversed the suppressive effect of hederagenin on HG-induced fibrosis. Bioinformatics analysis predicted cathepsin B (CTSB) as a target of hederagenin to modulate NOD-like receptor (NLR) pathway. Hederagenin decreased CTSB level, and CTSB overexpression reversed the suppressive effect of hederagenin on HG-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and fibrosis in HRMCs and HRPTEpiCs. In conclusion, hederagenin attenuates HG-induced fibrosis of renal cells by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via reducing CTSB expression, indicating a therapeutic potential of hederagenin in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingxiang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Pingxiang, China
| | - Wang Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pingxiang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Pingxiang, China
| | - Hairong Jiang
- Dispensary, Pingxiang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Pingxiang, China
| | - Qing Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pingxiang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Pingxiang, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
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Mohammad HMF, Eladl MA, Abdelmaogood AKK, Elshaer RE, Ghanam W, Elaskary A, Saleh MAK, Eltrawy AH, Ali SK, Moursi SMM, Bilasy SE, Zaitone SA, Alzlaiq WA, Atteya H. Protective Effect of Topiramate against Diabetic Retinopathy and Computational Approach Recognizing the Role of NLRP3/IL-1β/TNF-α Signaling. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3202. [PMID: 38137423 PMCID: PMC10741203 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The possible impact of topiramate against diabetic retinopathy (DREN) and its molecular mechanisms in relation to the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has not been studied before. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to utilize a computational approach to investigate the possible protective effect of topiramate on experimental DREN and explore its impact on NLRP3/interlukin-1β signaling and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Male albino mice were distributed to four experimental groups and assigned the following categorizations: (i) saline, (ii) diabetic, (iii) diabetic + topiramate 10 mg/kg and (iv) diabetic + topiramate 30 mg/kg. We observed shrinkage of total retinal thickness and elevation in retinal glutamate, malondialdehyde, NLRP3 and interlukin-1β but decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in the diabetic mice. Additionally, retinal ultra-structures in the diabetic group showed abnormalities and vacuolations in the pigmented epithelium, the photoreceptor segment, the outer nuclear layer, the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Mice treated with topiramate 10 or 30 mg/kg showed downregulation in retinal malondialdehyde, NLRP3 and interlukin-1β levels; improvements in the retinal pathologies; enhanced immunostaining for BDNF and improved ultra-structures in different retinal layers. Overall, the current results suggest topiramate as a neuroprotective agent for DREN, and future studies are warranted to further elucidate the mechanism of its protective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M. F. Mohammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asmaa K. K. Abdelmaogood
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Rabie E. Elshaer
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Walaa Ghanam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez 43533, Egypt
| | - Abdelhakeem Elaskary
- Ophthalmology Department, Al-Azher Asyut Faculty of Medicine for Men, Asyut 71524, Egypt (M.A.K.S.)
| | - Mohamed A. K. Saleh
- Ophthalmology Department, Al-Azher Asyut Faculty of Medicine for Men, Asyut 71524, Egypt (M.A.K.S.)
| | - Amira H. Eltrawy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar K. Ali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Suzan M. M. Moursi
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Shymaa E. Bilasy
- College of Dental Medicine, California Northstate University, 9700 Taron Dr., Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A. Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Wafa Ali Alzlaiq
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayam Atteya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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128
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Ma ZY, Jiang C, Xu LL. Protein-protein interactions and related inhibitors involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 74:14-28. [PMID: 37758629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) receptor serves as the central node of immune sensing in the innate immune system, and plays an important role in the initiation and progression of chronic diseases. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has provided insights into the conformation of various oligomers within the NLRP3 activation pathway, significantly advancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Despite the extensive network of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involved in the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, the utilization of protein-protein interactions has been relatively overlooked in the development of NLRP3 inhibitors. This review focuses on summarizing PPIs within the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway and small molecule inhibitors capable of interfering with PPIs to counteract the NLRP3 overactivation. Small molecule NLRP3 inhibitors have been gained significant attention owing to their remarkable efficacy, excellent safety profiles, and unique mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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129
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Zhang S, Liu C, Sun J, Li Y, Lu J, Xiong X, Hu L, Zhao H, Zhou H. Bridging the Gap: Investigating the Link between Inflammasomes and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1981-2002. [PMID: 37450925 PMCID: PMC10676784 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a cluster of cognitive problems that may arise after surgery. POCD symptoms include memory loss, focus inattention, and communication difficulties. Inflammasomes, intracellular multiprotein complexes that control inflammation, may have a significant role in the development of POCD. It has been postulated that the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes cognitive impairment by triggering the inflammatory response in the brain. Nevertheless, there are many gaps in the current literature to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and develop future therapy. This review article underlines the limits of our current knowledge about the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome and POCD. We first discuss inflammasomes and their types, structures, and functions, then summarize recent evidence of the NLRP3 inflammasome's involvement in POCD. Next, we propose a hypothesis that suggests the involvement of inflammasomes in multiple organs, including local surgical sites, blood circulation, and other peripheral organs, leading to systemic inflammation and subsequent neuronal dysfunction in the brain, resulting in POCD. Research directions are then discussed, including analyses of inflammasomes in more clinical POCD animal models and clinical trials, studies of inflammasome types that are involved in POCD, and investigations into whether inflammasomes occur at the surgical site, in circulating blood, and in peripheral organs. Finally, we discuss the potential benefits of using new technologies and approaches to study inflammasomes in POCD. A thorough investigation of inflammasomes in POCD might substantially affect clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Cuiying Liu
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Joint Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jintao Sun
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Hu
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Heng Zhao
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Joint Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Transformation of Perioperative Precision Anesthesia, Jiaxing, China.
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130
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Zhang W, Jiang H, Wu G, Huang P, Wang H, An H, Liu S, Zhang W. The pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets in sepsis. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e418. [PMID: 38020710 PMCID: PMC10661353 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as "a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection." At present, sepsis continues to pose a grave healthcare concern worldwide. Despite the use of supportive measures in treating traditional sepsis, such as intravenous fluids, vasoactive substances, and oxygen plus antibiotics to eradicate harmful pathogens, there is an ongoing increase in both the morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis during clinical interventions. Therefore, it is urgent to design specific pharmacologic agents for the treatment of sepsis and convert them into a novel targeted treatment strategy. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in sepsis, such as the inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, complement deactivation, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, we highlight important targets involved in sepsis-related regulatory mechanisms, including GSDMD, HMGB1, STING, and SQSTM1, among others. We summarize the latest advancements in potential therapeutic drugs that specifically target these signaling pathways and paramount targets, covering both preclinical studies and clinical trials. In addition, this review provides a detailed description of the crosstalk and function between signaling pathways and vital targets, which provides more opportunities for the clinical development of new treatments for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Honghong Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Pengli Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haonan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huazhasng An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongChina
| | - Sanhong Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of PhytochemistrySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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131
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Su K, Li XT, Hong FX, Jin M, Xue FS. Lidocaine pretreatment attenuates inflammatory response and protects against sepsis-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting potassium efflux-dependent NLRP3 activation. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2221-2235. [PMID: 37930383 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sepsis may often result in acute lung injury (ALI), with a high mortality and morbidity. Available evidence indicates that activation of NLRP3 inflammasome to induce macrophage inflammation plays a crucial role in the inflammation progression of ALI and lidocaine can attenuate inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that lidocaine may attenuate inflammatory response and sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting potassium efflux-dependent NLRP3 activation. METHODS C57BL/6N mice were randomized and divided into six groups (n = 6) receiving different treatments. Lung vascular permeability and histological changes in the lungs were evaluated by Evans blue dye, bronchoalveolar lavage analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining. J774A.1 macrophages were divided into 12 groups receiving different treatments. The expression of both NLRP3 inflammasome activation-related protein and P2X7 in the macrophages was measured by immunofluorescence staining and Western blots. The whole cell currents were determined by a voltage-patch clamp technique. RESULTS Challenge with LPS led to ALI in mice with an increased lung injury score (0.54 ± 0.09), which was significantly attenuated by lidocaine pretreatment (0.20 ± 0.08, P < 0.0001). Lidocaine pretreatment significantly decreased the NLRP3 activation and IL-1β release in the macrophages. Furthermore, lidocaine pretreatment down-regulated the expression of P2X7 receptors, inhibited LPS- and ATP-induced sodium (Na+) inward flow, and maintained the intracellular K+ level in the macrophages. In addition, activation of Na+ influx did not eliminate anti-inflammatory effect of lidocaine. The activation of NLRP3 could be suppressed by extracellular K+ level in a dose-dependent model. However, lidocaine pretreatment eliminated NLRP3 activation and IL-1β release induced by K+ efflux, and decreased outward K+ current and extracellular K+ level in the macrophages challenged by LPS/ATP. CONCLUSIONS Lidocaine pretreatment can attenuate the sepsis-induced ALI by an anti-inflammatory mechanism of inhibiting K+ efflux-dependent NLRP3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Xiao Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fu-Shan Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Lei YX, Liu Y, Xing LH, Wu YJ, Wang XY, Meng FH, Lou YN, Ma ZG, Yuan L, Yu SX. The pseudokinase MLKL contributes to host defense against Streptococcus pluranimalium infection by mediating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and extracellular trap formation. Virulence 2023; 14:2258057. [PMID: 37743649 PMCID: PMC10732671 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2258057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Host innate immunity plays a pivotal role in the early detection and neutralization of invading pathogens. Here, we show that pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase-like protein (MLKL) is required for host defence against Streptococcus pluranimalium infection by enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and extracellular trap formation. Notably, Mlkl deficiency leads to increased mortality, increased bacterial colonization, severe destruction of organ architecture, and elevated inflammatory cell infiltration in murine models of S. pluranimalium pulmonary and systemic infection. In vivo and in vitro data provided evidence that potassium efflux-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome signalling downstream of active MLKL confers host protection against S. pluranimalium infection and initiates bacterial killing and clearance. Moreover, Mlkl deficiency results in defects in extracellular trap-mediated bactericidal activity. In summary, this study revealed that MLKL mediates the host defence response to S. pluranimalium, and suggests that MLKL is a potential drug target for preventing and controlling pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Animal Husbandry Institute, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Academy of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, China
| | - Li-Hua Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu-Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xue-Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fan-Hua Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ya-Nan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhao-Guo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shui-Xing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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Jafari N, Shahabi Rabori V, Zolfi Gol A, Saberiyan M. Crosstalk of NLRP3 inflammasome and noncoding RNAs in cardiomyopathies. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1060-1075. [PMID: 37916887 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) identified as a serious public health problem. Although there is a lot of evidence that inflammatory processes play a significant role in the progression of CVDs, however, the precise mechanism is not fully understood. Nevertheless, recent studies have focused on inflammation and its related agents. Nucleotide oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is a type of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and trigger innate immune response. NLRP3 is a component of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family and have a pivotal role in detecting damage to cardiovascular tissue. It is suggested that activation of NLRP3 inflammasome leads to initiating and propagating the inflammatory response in cardiomyopathy. So, late investigations have highlighted the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in various forms of cardiomyopathy. On the other side, it was shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly, microRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs possess a regulatory function in the immune system's inflammatory response, implicating their involvement in various inflammatory disorders. In addition, their role in different cardiomyopathies was indicated in recent studies. This review article provides a summary of recent advancements focusing on the function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in common CVDs, especially cardiomyopathy, while also discussing the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome regulated by ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Jafari
- Department of Cardiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zolfi Gol
- Department of Pediatrics Cardiology, Shahid Motahari Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Saberiyan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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134
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Wu X, Yi X, Zhao B, Zhi Y, Xu Z, Cao Y, Cao X, Pang J, Yung KKL, Zhang S, Liu S, Zhou P. The volume regulated anion channel VRAC regulates NLRP3 inflammasome by modulating itaconate efflux and mitochondria function. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:107016. [PMID: 38006980 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a supramolecular complex that is linked to sterile and pathogen-dependent inflammation, and its excessive activation underlies many diseases. Ion flux disturbance and cell volume regulation are both reported to mediate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but the underlying orchestrating signaling remains not fully elucidated. The volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), formed by LRRC8 proteins, is an important constituent that controls cell volume by permeating chloride and organic osmolytes in response to cell swelling. We now demonstrate that Lrrc8a, the essential component of VRAC, plays a central and specific role in canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, VRAC acts downstream of K+ efflux for NLRP3 stimuli that require K+ efflux. Mechanically, our data demonstrate that VRAC modulates itaconate efflux and damaged mitochondria production for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Further in vivo experiments show mice with Lrrc8a deficiency in myeloid cells were protected from lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock. Taken together, this work identifies VRAC as a key regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome and innate immunity by regulating mitochondrial adaption for macrophage activation and highlights VRAC as a prospective drug target for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome and itaconate related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boxin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, the Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Pingzheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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135
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Yan R, Liang X, Hu J. miR-141-3p alleviates ulcerative colitis by targeting SUGT1 to inhibit colonic epithelial cell pyroptosis. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2220988. [PMID: 37317573 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2220988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease of the colon that result in the destruction and inflammation of the colonic mucosa. Current research has established a strong correlation between pyroptosis of colonic epithelial cells and the onset and progression of UC. In addition, miRNAs have been implicated in the development and progression of UC and pyroptosis. This aimed of this study was to identify specific miRNAs that could inhibit pyroptosis in colon epithelial cells and alleviate UC. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation in FHC normal colonic epithelial cells to construct an enteritis cell model and downregulated expression levels of miRNAs were detected in inflammatory bowel disease mucosal tissue model. Pyroptosis indicators were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, ELISA, qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence, and miRNA target genes were predicted by miRDB, TargetScan, pyroptosis pathway from KEGG, and double luciferase assay was used for verification. The effect of miR-141-3p on colitis was observed in the mouse DSS colitis model. The results showed that miR-141-3p was the most significantly downregulated miRNA in LPS-induced FHC cells, and promoted the proliferation of LPS-induced FHC cells and suppressed their apoptosis. In addition, miR-141-3p decreased the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins such as NLRP3, caspase-1, N-GSDMD, and the other proteins, as well as the release of IL-18 and IL-1β inflammatory factors. Conversely, the miR-141-3p inhibitor promoted LPS-induced FHC pyroptosis. Dual luciferase experiments confirmed that miR-141-3p could target the HSP90 molecular chaperone SUGT1. Further experiments demonstrated that SUGT1 overexpression could restore the inhibitory effect of miR-141-3p on pyroptosis, while SUGT1 knockdown could alleviate the promotion of pyroptosis induced by miR-141-3p inhibitor. Furthermore, miR-141-3p alleviated the inflammatory phenotype of mouse colonic mucosa in the mouse DSS colitis model. Therefore, miR-141-3p inhibits LPS-induced pyroptosis of colonic epithelial cells by targeting SUGT1. miR-141-3p could also alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice, suggesting that miR-141-3p may become a nucleic acid drug for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yan
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Zengcheng District people's Hospital of Guangzhou)
| | - Xinghua Liang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Zengcheng District people's Hospital of Guangzhou)
| | - Juan Hu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Zengcheng District people's Hospital of Guangzhou)
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136
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Ramalingam V. NLRP3 inhibitors: Unleashing their therapeutic potential against inflammatory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115915. [PMID: 37949323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been linked to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is essential for innate defence against infection and danger signals. These secreted cytokines improve the inflammatory response caused by tissue damage and associated inflammation. Consequently, the development of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors are viable option for the treatment of diverse inflammatory disorders. The significant anti-inflammatory effects of the NLRP3 inhibitors have severe side effects. Hence, the application of NLRP3 inhibitors against inflammatory disease has not yet been understood and most of the developed inhibitors are unsuccessful in clinical trials. The processes behind the NLRP3 complex, priming, and activation are the main emphasis of this review, which also covers therapeutical inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome and potential therapeutic strategies for directing the NLRP3 inflammasome towards clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaikundamoorthy Ramalingam
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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137
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Liu J, Han X, Zhang T, Tian K, Li Z, Luo F. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging biomaterials for anti-inflammatory diseases: from mechanism to therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:116. [PMID: 38037103 PMCID: PMC10687997 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a fundamental defensive response to harmful stimuli, but the overactivation of inflammatory responses is associated with most human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of chemicals that are generated after the incomplete reduction of molecular oxygen. At moderate levels, ROS function as critical signaling molecules in the modulation of various physiological functions, including inflammatory responses. However, at excessive levels, ROS exert toxic effects and directly oxidize biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, further exacerbating the development of inflammatory responses and causing various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, designing and manufacturing biomaterials that scavenge ROS has emerged an important approach for restoring ROS homeostasis, limiting inflammatory responses and protecting the host against damage. This review systematically outlines the dynamic balance of ROS production and clearance under physiological conditions. We focus on the mechanisms by which ROS regulate cell signaling proteins and how these cell signaling proteins further affect inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the use of potential and currently available-biomaterials that scavenge ROS, including agents that were engineered to reduce ROS levels by blocking ROS generation, directly chemically reacting with ROS, or catalytically accelerating ROS clearance, in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Finally, we evaluate the challenges and prospects for the controlled production and material design of ROS scavenging biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Keyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Feng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin Nanlu, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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138
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Trstenjak-Prebanda M, Biasizzo M, Dolinar K, Pirkmajer S, Turk B, Brault V, Herault Y, Kopitar-Jerala N. Stefin B Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via AMPK/mTOR Signalling. Cells 2023; 12:2731. [PMID: 38067160 PMCID: PMC10798374 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stefin B (cystatin B) is an inhibitor of lysosomal and nuclear cysteine cathepsins. The gene for stefin B is located on human chromosome 21 and its expression is upregulated in the brains of individuals with Down syndrome. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the stefin B gene lead to Unverricht-Lundborg disease-progressive myoclonus epilepsy type 1 (EPM1) in humans. In our past study, we demonstrated that mice lacking stefin B were significantly more sensitive to sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and secreted higher levels of interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) due to increased inflammasome activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Here, we report lower interleukin 1-β processing and caspase-11 expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages prepared from mice that have an additional copy of the stefin B gene. Increased expression of stefin B downregulated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lowered the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in macrophages. We determined higher AMP-activated kinase phosphorylation and downregulation of mTOR activity in stefin B trisomic macrophages-macrophages with increased stefin B expression. Our study showed that increased stefin B expression downregulated mitochondrial ROS generation and increased autophagy. The present work contributes to a better understanding of the role of stefin B in regulation of autophagy and inflammasome activation in macrophages and could help to develop new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Trstenjak-Prebanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Biasizzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Dolinar
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Sergej Pirkmajer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronique Brault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (V.B.)
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (V.B.)
- Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, INSERM, CNRS, Universite’ de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nataša Kopitar-Jerala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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139
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Liu Z, Chen Y, Mei Y, Yan M, Liang H. Gasdermin D-Mediated Pyroptosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Pharmacological Implications. Molecules 2023; 28:7813. [PMID: 38067543 PMCID: PMC10708146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a pathophysiological condition triggered by diabetes mellitus (DM), which can lead to heart failure (HF). One of the most important cellular processes associated with DCM is the death of cardiomyocytes. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) plays a key role in mediating pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death closely associated with inflammasome activation. Recent studies have revealed that pyroptosis is induced during hyperglycemia, which is crucial to the development of DCM. Although the effects of pyroptosis on DCM have been discussed, the relationship between DCM and GSDMD is not fully clarified. Recent studies gave us the impetus for clarifying the meaning of GSDMD in DCM. The purpose of this review is to summarize new and emerging insights, mainly discussing the structures of GSDMD and the mechanism of pore formation, activation pathways, molecular mechanisms of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, and the therapeutic potential of GSDMD in DCM. The implications of this review will pave the way for a new therapeutic target in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Mei
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meiling Yan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haihai Liang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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140
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Pain P, Spinelli F, Gherardi G. Mitochondrial Cation Signalling in the Control of Inflammatory Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16724. [PMID: 38069047 PMCID: PMC10706693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the bioenergetic organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and have also been found to be associated with inflammation. They are necessary to induce and maintain innate and adaptive immune cell responses, acting as signalling platforms and mediators in effector responses. These organelles are also known to play a pivotal role in cation homeostasis as well, which regulates the inflammatory responses through the modulation of these cation channels. In particular, this review focuses on mitochondrial Ca2+ and K+ fluxes in the regulation of inflammatory response. Nevertheless, this review aims to understand the interplay of these inflammation inducers and pathophysiological conditions. In detail, we discuss some examples of chronic inflammation such as lung, bowel, and metabolic inflammatory diseases caused by a persistent activation of the innate immune response due to a dysregulation of mitochondrial cation homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.P.); (F.S.)
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141
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Bockstiegel J, Engelhardt J, Weindl G. P2X7 receptor activation leads to NLRP3-independent IL-1β release by human macrophages. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:335. [PMID: 37996864 PMCID: PMC10666422 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purinergic receptor P2X7 plays a crucial role in infection, inflammation, and cell death. It is thought that P2X7 receptor stimulation triggers processing and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS Modulation of IL-1β secretion was studied in THP-1 macrophages. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), BzATP, nigericin and pharmacological inhibitors of P2X receptors, inflammatory caspases and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were used to characterize signaling. RESULTS In primed macrophages, IL-1β release was increased after P2X7 receptor activation by ATP and 2,3-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP (BzATP). Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockout of NLRP3 does not completely inhibit IL-1β release in TLR2/1-primed macrophages. Increase in extracellular K+ as well as inhibition of caspase-1 or serine proteases maintained IL-1β release in macrophages stimulated with P2X7 receptor agonists at 50%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a previously unrecognized mechanism of P2X7 receptor mediated IL-1β release and highlight the existence of an NLRP3-independent pathway in human macrophages. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Bockstiegel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Engelhardt
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Günther Weindl
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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142
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Duan M, Sun L, He X, Wang Z, Hou Y, Zhao Y. Medicinal chemistry strategies targeting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway: A recent update from 2019 to mid-2023. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115750. [PMID: 37639823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), a therapeutic target that has a close relationship with inflammatory diseases, has drawn significant attention from researchers in the field. An increasing number of NLRP3 inhibitors have been reported since NLRP3 was identified as a biomarker and inflammatory therapeutic target. Inhibiting NLRP3 has been widely studied as therapeutics for the treatment of cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), arthrolithiasis, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This review updates the recently reported (2019 to mid-2023) molecule inhibitors targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, summarizes their structure-activity relationships (SARs), and discusses the therapeutic effects on inflammatory diseases. I hope this review will contribute to the development of novel inhibitors targeting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway as potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meibo Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xinzi He
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Zechen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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143
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Krantz M, Eklund D, Särndahl E, Hedbrant A. A detailed molecular network map and model of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233680. [PMID: 38077364 PMCID: PMC10699087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key regulator of inflammation that responds to a broad range of stimuli. The exact mechanism of activation has not been determined, but there is a consensus on cellular potassium efflux as a major common denominator. Once NLRP3 is activated, it forms high-order complexes together with NEK7 that trigger aggregation of ASC into specks. Typically, there is only one speck per cell, consistent with the proposal that specks form - or end up at - the centrosome. ASC polymerisation in turn triggers caspase-1 activation, leading to maturation and release of IL-1β and pyroptosis, i.e., highly inflammatory cell death. Several gain-of-function mutations in the NLRP3 inflammasome have been suggested to induce spontaneous activation of NLRP3 and hence contribute to development and disease severity in numerous autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, the NLRP3 inflammasome is of significant clinical interest, and recent attention has drastically improved our insight in the range of involved triggers and mechanisms of signal transduction. However, despite recent progress in knowledge, a clear and comprehensive overview of how these mechanisms interplay to shape the system level function is missing from the literature. Here, we provide such an overview as a resource to researchers working in or entering the field, as well as a computational model that allows for evaluating and explaining the function of the NLRP3 inflammasome system from the current molecular knowledge. We present a detailed reconstruction of the molecular network surrounding the NLRP3 inflammasome, which account for each specific reaction and the known regulatory constraints on each event as well as the mechanisms of drug action and impact of genetics when known. Furthermore, an executable model from this network reconstruction is generated with the aim to be used to explain NLRP3 activation from priming and activation to the maturation and release of IL-1β and IL-18. Finally, we test this detailed mechanistic model against data on the effect of different modes of inhibition of NLRP3 assembly. While the exact mechanisms of NLRP3 activation remains elusive, the literature indicates that the different stimuli converge on a single activation mechanism that is additionally controlled by distinct (positive or negative) priming and licensing events through covalent modifications of the NLRP3 molecule. Taken together, we present a compilation of the literature knowledge on the molecular mechanisms on NLRP3 activation, a detailed mechanistic model of NLRP3 activation, and explore the convergence of diverse NLRP3 activation stimuli into a single input mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Krantz
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Daniel Eklund
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hedbrant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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144
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Xu Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Jiang D, Zhang F, Guo Y, Hu B, Xu G, Peng S, Wu L, Hu J. NLRP3 inflammasome in cognitive impairment and pharmacological properties of its inhibitors. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:49. [PMID: 37915104 PMCID: PMC10621314 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a multifactorial and multi-step pathological process that places a heavy burden on patients and the society. Neuroinflammation is one of the main factors leading to cognitive impairment. The inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that respond to various microorganisms and endogenous danger signals, helping to initiate innate protective responses in inflammatory diseases. NLRP3 inflammasomes produce proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin IL-1β and IL-18) by activating caspase-1. In this review, we comprehensively describe the structure and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We also explore the intrinsic relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and cognitive impairment, which involves immune cell activation, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial autophagy, and neuroinflammation. Finally, we describe NLRP3 inflammasome antagonists as targeted therapies to improve cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Department of the Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Department of the Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Danling Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Guohai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Jialing Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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145
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Yao J, Wang Z, Song W, Zhang Y. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome for neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4512-4527. [PMID: 37670126 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key pathological feature in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs) belong to the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) family that sense stress signals, which play an important role in inflammation. As a member of NLRs, the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is predominantly expressed in microglia, the principal innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia release proinflammatory cytokines to cause pyroptosis through activating NLRP3 inflammasome. The active NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Recent studies also indicate the key role of neuronal NLRP3 in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. In this article, we reviewed the mechanisms of NLRP3 expression and activation and discussed the role of active NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of NDs, particularly focusing on AD. The studies suggest that targeting NLRP3 inflammasome could be a novel approach for the disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Song
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China.
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146
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Suzuki T, Boonyaleka K, Okano T, Iida T, Yoshida M, Fukano H, Hoshino Y, Iwakura Y, Ablordey AS, Ashida H. Inflammasome-triggered IL-18 controls skin inflammation in the progression of Buruli ulcer. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011747. [PMID: 37910490 PMCID: PMC10619818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer is an emerging chronic infectious skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Mycolactone, an exotoxin produced by the bacterium, is the only identified virulence factor so far, but the functions of this toxin and the mechanisms of disease progression remain unclear. By interfering Sec61 translocon, mycolactone inhibits the Sec61-dependent co-translational translocation of newly synthesized proteins, such as induced cytokines and immune cell receptors, into the endoplasmic reticulum. However, in regard to IL-1β, which is secreted by a Sec61-independent mechanism, mycolactone has been shown to induce IL-1β secretion via activation of inflammasomes. In this study, we clarified that cytokine induction, including that of IL-1β, in infected macrophages was suppressed by mycolactone produced by M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense, despite the activation of caspase-1 through the inflammasome activation triggered in a manner independent of mycolactone. Intriguingly, mycolactone suppressed the expression of proIL-1β as well as TNF-α at the transcriptional level, suggesting that mycolactone of M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense may exert additional inhibitory effect on proIL-1β expression. Remarkably, constitutively produced IL-18 was cleaved and mature IL-18 was actually released from macrophages infected with the causative mycobacterium. IL-18-deficient mice infected subcutaneously with M. ulcerans exhibited exacerbated skin inflammation during the course of disease progression. On the other hand, IL-1β controls bacterial multiplication in skin tissues. These results provide information regarding the mechanisms and functions of the induced cytokines in the pathology of Buruli ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Suzuki
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotchakorn Boonyaleka
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuju Okano
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamako Iida
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yoshida
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Fukano
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Anthony S. Ablordey
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hiroshi Ashida
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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147
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Ho LC, Chen YH, Wu TY, Kao LZ, Hung SY, Liou HH, Chen PC, Tsai PJ, Lin HK, Lee YC, Wang HH, Tsai YS. Phosphate burden induces vascular calcification through a NLRP3-caspase-1-mediated pyroptotic pathway. Life Sci 2023; 332:122123. [PMID: 37742736 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to clarify the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in phosphate burden-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification. MAIN METHODS VSMC calcification was induced using a high concentration of inorganic phosphate. After pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing of the NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis, or potassium efflux, the cells were examined by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting to identify the NLRP3-mediated pathway for VSMC calcification. KEY FINDINGS Calcified VSMCs with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) disarray presented features of pyroptosis, including caspase-1 maturation, cleaved gasdermin D (GSDMD), and a high supernatant level of lactate dehydrogenase A. Pharmacological inhibitions of caspase-1 and pyroptosis attenuated VSMC calcification, whereas interleukin-1β receptor antagonism did not. Unlike canonical NLRP3 activation, osteogenic VSMCs did not upregulate NLRP3 expression. However, NLRP3 genetic silencing or inhibitions, which targets different domains of the NLRP3 protein, could ameliorate VSMC calcification by aborting caspase-1 and GSDMD activation. Furthermore, potassium efflux through the inward-rectifier potassium channel, and not through the P2X7 receptor, triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and VSMC calcification. SIGNIFICANCE In the present study, we identified a potassium efflux-triggered NLRP3-caspase-1-mediated pyroptotic pathway for VSMC calcification that is unique and different from the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, targeting this pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Zhen Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Liou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin-Jen Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yi-Che Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hao Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA; Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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148
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Zeng N, Wang Q, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Yan J. A review of studies on the implication of NLRP3 inflammasome for Parkinson's disease and related candidate treatment targets. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105610. [PMID: 37704080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease for which the prevalence is second only to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This disease primarily affects people of middle and old age, significantly impacting their health and quality of life. The main pathological features include the degenerative nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss and Lewy body (LB) formation. Currently, available PD medications primarily aim to alleviate clinical symptoms, however, there is no universally recognized therapy worldwide that effectively prevents, clinically treats, stops, or reverses the disease. Consequently, the evaluation and exploration of potential therapeutic targets for PD are of utmost importance. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology of PD remains unknown, and neuroinflammation mediated by inflammatory cytokines that prompts neuron death is fundamental for the progression of PD. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key complex of proteins linking the neuroinflammatory cascade in PD. Moreover, mounting evidence suggests that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) alleviates PD by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome. This article aims to comprehensively review the available studies on the composition and activating mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome, along with its significance in PD pathogenesis and potential treatment targets. We also review natural products or synthetic compounds which reduce neuroinflammation via modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activity, aiming to identify new targets for future PD diagnosis and treatment through the exploration of NLRP3 inhibitors. Additionally, this review offers valuable references for developing new PD treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Jianguo Yan
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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149
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Pang J, Vince JE. The role of caspase-8 in inflammatory signalling and pyroptotic cell death. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101832. [PMID: 37625331 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The programmed cell death machinery exhibits surprising flexibility, capable of crosstalk and non-apoptotic roles. Much of this complexity arises from the diverse functions of caspase-8, a cysteine-aspartic acid protease typically associated with activating caspase-3 and - 7 to induce apoptosis. However, recent research has revealed that caspase-8 also plays a role in regulating the lytic gasdermin cell death machinery, contributing to pyroptosis and immune responses in contexts such as infection, autoinflammation, and T-cell signalling. In mice, loss of caspase-8 results in embryonic lethality from unrestrained necroptotic killing, while in humans caspase-8 deficiency can lead to an autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, immunodeficiency, inflammatory bowel disease or, when it can't cleave its substrate RIPK1, early onset periodic fevers. This review focuses on non-canonical caspase-8 signalling that drives immune responses, including its regulation of inflammatory gene transcription, activation within inflammasome complexes, and roles in pyroptotic cell death. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of caspase-8 function will aid in determining whether, and when, targeting caspase-8 pathways could be therapeutically beneficial in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyi Pang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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150
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Zhang J, Brodsky IE, Shin S. Yersinia deploys type III-secreted effectors to evade caspase-4 inflammasome activation in human cells. mBio 2023; 14:e0131023. [PMID: 37615436 PMCID: PMC10653943 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01310-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Yersinia are responsible for significant disease burden in humans, ranging from recurrent disease outbreaks (yersiniosis) to pandemics (Yersinia pestis plague). Together with rising antibiotic resistance rates, there is a critical need to better understand Yersinia pathogenesis and host immune mechanisms, as this information will aid in developing improved immunomodulatory therapeutics. Inflammasome responses in human cells are less studied relative to murine models of infection, though recent studies have uncovered key differences in inflammasome responses between mice and humans. Here, we dissect human intestinal epithelial cell and macrophage inflammasome responses to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Our findings provide insight into species- and cell type-specific differences in inflammasome responses to Yersinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Igor E. Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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