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Bøgh KL, van Bilsen J, Głogowski R, López-Expósito I, Bouchaud G, Blanchard C, Bodinier M, Smit J, Pieters R, Bastiaan-Net S, de Wit N, Untersmayr E, Adel-Patient K, Knippels L, Epstein MM, Noti M, Nygaard UC, Kimber I, Verhoeckx K, O'Mahony L. Current challenges facing the assessment of the allergenic capacity of food allergens in animal models. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:21. [PMID: 27313841 PMCID: PMC4910256 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is a major health problem of increasing concern. The insufficiency of protein sources for human nutrition in a world with a growing population is also a significant problem. The introduction of new protein sources into the diet, such as newly developed innovative foods or foods produced using new technologies and production processes, insects, algae, duckweed, or agricultural products from third countries, creates the opportunity for development of new food allergies, and this in turn has driven the need to develop test methods capable of characterizing the allergenic potential of novel food proteins. There is no doubt that robust and reliable animal models for the identification and characterization of food allergens would be valuable tools for safety assessment. However, although various animal models have been proposed for this purpose, to date, none have been formally validated as predictive and none are currently suitable to test the allergenic potential of new foods. Here, the design of various animal models are reviewed, including among others considerations of species and strain, diet, route of administration, dose and formulation of the test protein, relevant controls and endpoints measured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iván López-Expósito
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute for Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Joost Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Pieters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Wit
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karine Adel-Patient
- UMR-INRA-CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Leon Knippels
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle M Epstein
- Experimental Allergy Laboratory, DIAID, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Noti
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ian Kimber
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Liam O'Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
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102
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Galand C, Leyva-Castillo JM, Yoon J, Han A, Lee MS, McKenzie ANJ, Stassen M, Oyoshi MK, Finkelman FD, Geha RS. IL-33 promotes food anaphylaxis in epicutaneously sensitized mice by targeting mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1356-1366. [PMID: 27372570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous exposure to food allergens predisposes to food allergy, which is commonly associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). Levels of the epithelial cytokine IL-33 are increased in skin lesions and serum of patients with AD. Mast cells (MCs) play a critical role in food-induced anaphylaxis and express the IL-33 receptor ST2. The role of IL-33 in patients with MC-dependent food anaphylaxis is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role and mechanism of action of IL-33 in patients with food-induced anaphylaxis in a model of IgE-dependent food anaphylaxis elicited by oral challenge of epicutaneously sensitized mice. METHODS Wild-type, ST2-deficient, and MC-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice were epicutaneously sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and then challenged orally with OVA. Body temperature was measured by means of telemetry, Il33 mRNA by means of quantitative PCR, and IL-33, OVA-specific IgE, and mouse mast cell protease 1 by means of ELISA. Bone marrow-derived mast cell (BMMC) degranulation was assessed by using flow cytometry. RESULTS Il33 mRNA expression was upregulated in tape-stripped mouse skin and scratched human skin. Tape stripping caused local and systemic IL-33 release in mice. ST2 deficiency, as well as ST2 blockade before oral challenge, significantly reduced the severity of oral anaphylaxis without affecting the systemic TH2 response to the allergen. Oral anaphylaxis was abrogated in KitW-sh/W-sh mice and restored by means of reconstitution with wild-type but not ST2-deficient BMMCs. IL-33 significantly enhanced IgE-mediated degranulation of BMMCs in vitro. CONCLUSION IL-33 is released after mechanical skin injury, enhances IgE-mediated MC degranulation, and promotes oral anaphylaxis after epicutaneous sensitization by targeting MCs. IL-33 neutralization might be useful in treating food-induced anaphylaxis in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Galand
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Juan Manuel Leyva-Castillo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Juhan Yoon
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Alex Han
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Margaret S Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stassen
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michiko K Oyoshi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, the Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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103
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Does atopic dermatitis cause food allergy? A systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1071-1078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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105
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (also known as atopic eczema) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is characterised by intense itching and recurrent eczematous lesions. Although it most often starts in infancy and affects two of ten children, it is also highly prevalent in adults. It is the leading non-fatal health burden attributable to skin diseases, inflicts a substantial psychosocial burden on patients and their relatives, and increases the risk of food allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis, other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, and mental health disorders. Originally regarded as a childhood disorder mediated by an imbalance towards a T-helper-2 response and exaggerated IgE responses to allergens, it is now recognised as a lifelong disposition with variable clinical manifestations and expressivity, in which defects of the epidermal barrier are central. Present prevention and treatment focus on restoration of epidermal barrier function, which is best achieved through the use of emollients. Topical corticosteroids are still the first-line therapy for acute flares, but they are also used proactively along with topical calcineurin inhibitors to maintain remission. Non-specific immunosuppressive drugs are used in severe refractory cases, but targeted disease-modifying drugs are being developed. We need to improve understanding of the heterogeneity of the disease and its subtypes, the role of atopy and autoimmunity, the mechanisms behind disease-associated itch, and the comparative effectiveness and safety of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Natalija Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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106
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Galli E, Neri I, Ricci G, Baldo E, Barone M, Belloni Fortina A, Bernardini R, Berti I, Caffarelli C, Calamelli E, Capra L, Carello R, Cipriani F, Comberiati P, Diociaiuti A, El Hachem M, Fontana E, Gruber M, Haddock E, Maiello N, Meglio P, Patrizi A, Peroni D, Scarponi D, Wielander I, Eichenfield LF. Consensus Conference on Clinical Management of pediatric Atopic Dermatitis. Ital J Pediatr 2016; 42:26. [PMID: 26936273 PMCID: PMC4776387 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-016-0229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Italian Consensus Conference on clinical management of atopic dermatitis in children reflects the best and most recent scientific evidence, with the aim to provide specialists with a useful tool for managing this common, but complex clinical condition. Thanks to the contribution of experts in the field and members of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology (SIAIP) and the Italian Society of Pediatric Dermatology (SIDerP), this Consensus statement integrates the basic principles of the most recent guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis to facilitate a practical approach to the disease. The therapeutical approach should be adapted to the clinical severity and requires a tailored strategy to ensure good compliance by children and their parents. In this Consensus, levels and models of intervention are also enriched by the Italian experience to facilitate a practical approach to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Galli
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Research Center, San Pietro Hospital - Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy.
| | - Iria Neri
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giampaolo Ricci
- Pediatric Unit - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Pad. 16, Via Massarenti, 11 - 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ermanno Baldo
- Pediatric Department, "S. Maria del Carmine" Hospital of Rovereto, APSS (Provincial Agency for Health Services), Trento, Italy.
| | | | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | | | - Irene Berti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Carlo Caffarelli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Calamelli
- Pediatric Unit - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Pad. 16, Via Massarenti, 11 - 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucetta Capra
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Paediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Rossella Carello
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Research Center, San Pietro Hospital - Fatebenefratelli, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cipriani
- Pediatric Unit - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Pad. 16, Via Massarenti, 11 - 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maya El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Fontana
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Michaela Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Ellen Haddock
- Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Nunzia Maiello
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Paolo Meglio
- Primary Care Pediatrician, Health National Service, Rome, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Diego Peroni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Paediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Dorella Scarponi
- Pediatric Unit - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Pad. 16, Via Massarenti, 11 - 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ingrid Wielander
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Lawrence F Eichenfield
- Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic disease triggered by food allergens with an increasing prevalence. This review highlights recent research advances in EoE with a focus on the literature of the past 18 months. RECENT FINDINGS The incidence of EoE in the black population is higher than previously suggested. A novel locus spanning CAPN14 is associated with EoE. Diagnostic tests utilizing an analysis of EoE-specific transcriptome have been improved. Standardized EoE symptom score systems have been established. Treatment trials show the promise and limitations of allergen avoidance, antiinflammatory reagents, and anti-interleukin-13 antibodies. Insights into disease mechanisms highlight the role of invariant natural killer T cells and group 2 innate immune cells. Epithelial barrier protein desmoglein 1, bone morphogenetic protein antagonist follistatin, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1, and CAPN14 have been defined as new potential therapeutic targets in EoE as regulators of the inflammatory interleukin-13-axis. The role of IgG4 in the disease mechanisms has been suggested. SUMMARY Genetic predisposition influenced by environmental factors increases EoE susceptibility. Research identifying the critical events leading to allergen sensitization and the esophagus-specific responses that drive EoE is evolving, and will lead to a better understanding of EoE and new therapeutic approaches for the disease.
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108
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Oettgen HC, Burton OT. IgE receptor signaling in food allergy pathogenesis. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 36:109-14. [PMID: 26296054 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of food allergy remains poorly understood. Recent advances in the use of murine models have led to discoveries that mast cells and IgE receptor signaling not only drive immediate hypersensitivity reactions but also exert an immunoregulatory function, promoting the development of allergic sensitivity to foods. We review the evidence that IgE, IgE receptors, key signaling kinases and mast cells impair oral tolerance to ingested foods, preventing the induction of regulatory T cells (Treg) and promoting the acquisition of pro-allergic T helper (Th) 2 responses. We discuss innovative strategies that that could be implemented to counteract these immunoregulatory effects of IgE-mediated mast cell activation, and potentially reverse established sensitization, curing food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Oettgen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Oliver T Burton
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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109
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Izadi N, Luu M, Ong PY, Tam JS. The Role of Skin Barrier in the Pathogenesis of Food Allergy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 2:382-402. [PMID: 27417371 PMCID: PMC4928763 DOI: 10.3390/children2030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is a serious public health problem with an increasing prevalence. Current management is limited to food avoidance and emergency treatment. Research into the pathogenesis of food allergy has helped to shape our understanding of how patients become sensitized to an allergen. Classically, food sensitization was thought to occur through the gastrointestinal tract, but alternative routes of sensitization are being explored, specifically through the skin. Damaged skin barrier may play a crucial role in the development of food sensitization. Better understanding of how patients initially become sensitized may help lead to the development of a safe and effective treatment for food allergies or better prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Izadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Minnelly Luu
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California.
| | - Peck Y Ong
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California.
| | - Jonathan S Tam
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California.
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110
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Graham F, Bégin P, Paradis L, Des Roches A. Prenatal and/or Breastfeeding Food Exposures and Risk of Food Allergies in the Offspring. Curr Nutr Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-015-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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111
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Valenta R, Hochwallner H, Linhart B, Pahr S. Food allergies: the basics. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1120-31.e4. [PMID: 25680669 PMCID: PMC4414527 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IgE-associated food allergy affects approximately 3% of the population and has severe effects on the daily life of patients-manifestations occur not only in the gastrointestinal tract but also affect other organ systems. Birth cohort studies have shown that allergic sensitization to food allergens develops early in childhood. Mechanisms of pathogenesis include cross-linking of mast cell- and basophil-bound IgE and immediate release of inflammatory mediators, as well as late-phase and chronic allergic inflammation, resulting from T-cell, basophil, and eosinophil activation. Researchers have begun to characterize the molecular features of food allergens and have developed chip-based assays for multiple allergens. These have provided information about cross-reactivity among different sources of food allergens, identified disease-causing food allergens, and helped us to estimate the severity and types of allergic reactions in patients. Importantly, learning about the structure of disease-causing food allergens has allowed researchers to engineer synthetic and recombinant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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112
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Brough HA, Simpson A, Makinson K, Hankinson J, Brown S, Douiri A, Belgrave DCM, Penagos M, Stephens AC, McLean WHI, Turcanu V, Nicolaou N, Custovic A, Lack G. Peanut allergy: effect of environmental peanut exposure in children with filaggrin loss-of-function mutations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 134:867-875.e1. [PMID: 25282568 PMCID: PMC4188983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filaggrin (FLG) loss-of-function mutations lead to an impaired skin barrier associated with peanut allergy. Household peanut consumption is associated with peanut allergy, and peanut allergen in household dust correlates with household peanut consumption. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether environmental peanut exposure increases the odds of peanut allergy and whether FLG mutations modulate these odds. METHODS Exposure to peanut antigen in dust within the first year of life was measured in a population-based birth cohort. Peanut sensitization and peanut allergy (defined by using oral food challenges or component-resolved diagnostics [CRD]) were assessed at 8 and 11 years. Genotyping was performed for 6 FLG mutations. RESULTS After adjustment for infantile atopic dermatitis and preceding egg skin prick test (SPT) sensitization, we found a strong and significant interaction between natural log (ln [loge]) peanut dust levels and FLG mutations on peanut sensitization and peanut allergy. Among children with FLG mutations, for each ln unit increase in the house dust peanut protein level, there was a more than 6-fold increased odds of peanut SPT sensitization, CRD sensitization, or both in children at ages 8 years, 11 years, or both and a greater than 3-fold increased odds of peanut allergy compared with odds seen in children with wild-type FLG. There was no significant effect of exposure in children without FLG mutations. In children carrying an FLG mutation, the threshold level for peanut SPT sensitization was 0.92 μg of peanut protein per gram (95% CI, 0.70-1.22 μg/g), that for CRD sensitization was 1.03 μg/g (95% CI, 0.90-1.82 μg/g), and that for peanut allergy was 1.17 μg/g (95% CI, 0.01-163.83 μg/g). CONCLUSION Early-life environmental peanut exposure is associated with an increased risk of peanut sensitization and allergy in children who carry an FLG mutation. These data support the hypothesis that peanut allergy develops through transcutaneous sensitization in children with an impaired skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Brough
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Simpson
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry Makinson
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Hankinson
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Brown
- Centre for Health Informatics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abdel Douiri
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle C M Belgrave
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, College of Life Sciences and College of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Penagos
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alick C Stephens
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - W H Irwin McLean
- Centre for Health Informatics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Turcanu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolaos Nicolaou
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adnan Custovic
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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113
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Matsunaga K, Kuroda Y, Sakai S, Adachi R, Teshima R, Yagami A, Itagaki H. Anaphylactic augmentation by epicutaneous sensitization to acid-hydrolyzed wheat protein in a guinea pig model. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:745-52. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Yasutaka Kuroda
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University
| | - Shinobu Sakai
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Reiko Adachi
- Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Reiko Teshima
- Division of Foods, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Akiko Yagami
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Itagaki
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University
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115
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Abstract
The science of food allergy has been rapidly evolving before our eyes in the past half century. Like other allergic disorders, the prevalence of food allergies has dramatically increased, and coupled with the increased public awareness of anaphylaxis due to food allergy, this has driven an explosion in basic and clinical research in this extremely broad subject. Treatment of food allergies has evolved and practices such as food challenges have become an integral part of an allergy practice. The impact of the increase of food allergy has driven package labeling laws, legislation on emergency treatment availability in schools and other public places, and school policy. But to this day, our knowledge of the pathogenesis of food allergy is still incomplete. There are the most obvious IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions, but then multiple previously unidentified conditions such as eosinophilic esophagitis, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, milk protein allergy, food-induced atopic dermatitis, oral allergy syndrome, and others have complicated the diagnosis and management of many of our patients who are unable to tolerate certain foods. Many of these conditions are not IgE-mediated, but may be T cell-driven diseases. The role of T regulatory cells and immune tolerance and the newly discovered immunological role of vitamin D have shed light on the variable clinical presentation of food allergy and the development of new methods of immunotherapy in an example of bench-to-bedside research. Component-resolved diagnostic techniques have already begun to allow us to more precisely define the epitopes that are targeted in food allergic patients. The development of biological modulators, research on genomics and proteomics, and epigenetic techniques all offer promising avenues for new modes of therapy of food allergy in the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA, 95616, USA,
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116
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Gonipeta B, Para R, He Y, Srkalovic I, Ortiz T, Kim E, Parvataneni S, Gangur V. Cardiac mMCP-4+ mast cell expansion and elevation of IL-6, and CCR1/3 and CXCR2 signaling chemokines in an adjuvant-free mouse model of tree nut allergy. Immunobiology 2014; 220:663-72. [PMID: 25499102 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nut allergy is a growing and potentially fatal public health problem. We have previously reported a novel mouse model of near-fatal hazelnut (HN) allergy that involves transdermal sensitization followed by oral elicitation of allergic reactions. Here we studied the cardiac mast cell and cardiac tissue responses during oral nut induced allergic reaction in this mouse model. METHODS Groups of mice were sensitized with HN and specific and total IgE were measured by ELISA. Oral allergic reaction was quantified by rectal thermometry and plasma mouse mast cell protease (mMCP)-1 by ELISA. Cardiovascular functions were determined by a non-invasive tail cuff method. Mucosal mast cells (MMC) and intestinal connective tissue MC (CTMC) were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mMCP-1 and mMCP-4 protein expression respectively. Cardiac MC were studied by toluidine blue (TB) as well as by the above IHC methods. Cytokines and chemokines in the tissues were quantified by a multiplex protein array method. RESULTS Oral allergen challenge (OAC) of transdermal sensitized mice results in hypothermia, hypotension, tachycardia and rapid elevation of circulating mMCP-1. The IHC analysis of small intestine found significant expansion of mMCP-1+ MMCs and mMCP-4+ CTMCs. The TB analysis of cardiac tissues showed degranulation of majority of cardiac MCs. The IHC analysis of cardiac tissues showed very little mMCP-1 expression, but marked mMCP-4 expression. Furthermore, repeated OAC resulted in significant expansion of mMCP-4+ cardiac MCs in both the pericardium and the myocardium. Protein array analysis revealed significant elevation of cardiac IL-6 and CCR1/3 and CXCR2 signaling chemokines upon oral elicitation compared to sensitization alone. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that: (i) besides the intestine, cardiac mast cells and the cardiac tissue respond during oral nut induced allergic reaction; and (ii) repeated oral elicitation of reaction is associated with cardiac mMCP-4+ mast cell expansion and elevation of cardiac IL-6, and CCR1/3 and CXCR2 signaling chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Gonipeta
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 United States of America
| | - Radhakrishna Para
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 United States of America
| | - Yingli He
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 United States of America
| | - Ines Srkalovic
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 United States of America
| | - Tina Ortiz
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 United States of America
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 United States of America; Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sitaram Parvataneni
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 United States of America
| | - Venu Gangur
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 United States of America.
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Brough HA, Liu AH, Sicherer S, Makinson K, Douiri A, Brown SJ, Stephens AC, Irwin McLean WH, Turcanu V, Wood RA, Jones SM, Burks W, Dawson P, Stablein D, Sampson H, Lack G. Atopic dermatitis increases the effect of exposure to peanut antigen in dust on peanut sensitization and likely peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:164-70. [PMID: 25457149 PMCID: PMC4282723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND History and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) are risk factors for peanut allergy. Recent evidence suggests that children can become sensitized to food allergens through an impaired skin barrier. Household peanut consumption, which correlates strongly with peanut protein levels in household dust, is a risk factor for peanut allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess whether environmental peanut exposure (EPE) is a risk for peanut sensitization and allergy and whether markers of an impaired skin barrier modify this risk. METHODS Peanut protein in household dust (in micrograms per gram) was assessed in highly atopic children (age, 3-15 months) recruited to the Consortium of Food Allergy Research Observational Study. History and severity of AD, peanut sensitization, and likely allergy (peanut-specific IgE, ≥5 kUA/mL) were assessed at recruitment into the Consortium of Food Allergy Research study. RESULTS There was an exposure-response relationship between peanut protein levels in household dust and peanut skin prick test (SPT) sensitization and likely allergy. In the final multivariate model an increase in 4 log2 EPE units increased the odds of peanut SPT sensitization (1.71-fold; 95% CI, 1.13- to 2.59-fold; P = .01) and likely peanut allergy (PA; 2.10-fold; 95% CI, 1.20- to 3.67-fold; P < .01). The effect of EPE on peanut SPT sensitization was augmented in children with a history of AD (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.26-3.09; P < .01) and augmented even further in children with a history of severe AD (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.30-4.47; P < .01); the effect of EPE on PA was also augmented in children with a history of AD (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.31-4.18; P < .01). CONCLUSION Exposure to peanut antigen in dust through an impaired skin barrier in atopically inflamed skin is a plausible route for peanut SPT sensitization and PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Brough
- Paediatric Allergy, Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H Liu
- Paediatric Allergy, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Scott Sicherer
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, NY
| | - Kerry Makinson
- Paediatric Allergy, Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdel Douiri
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara J Brown
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, College of Life Sciences and College of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Alick C Stephens
- Paediatric Allergy, Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - W H Irwin McLean
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, College of Life Sciences and College of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Turcanu
- Paediatric Allergy, Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Stacie M Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Ark
| | - Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - Hugh Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, NY
| | - Gideon Lack
- Paediatric Allergy, Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Muto T, Fukuoka A, Kabashima K, Ziegler SF, Nakanishi K, Matsushita K, Yoshimoto T. The role of basophils and proallergic cytokines, TSLP and IL-33, in cutaneously sensitized food allergy. Int Immunol 2014; 26:539-49. [PMID: 24860117 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous sensitization with a food antigen before its consumption elicits the development of food allergy. Here, we report the site- and stage-dependent roles of basophils and proallergic cytokines, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-33, in a mouse model of food allergy initially sensitized cutaneously with the food antigen. Mice were epicutaneously sensitized with the food antigen ovalbumin (OVA) followed by oral challenge with OVA. Epicutaneously sensitized mice produced OVA-specific IgE and developed IgE-dependent anaphylaxis after oral challenge. Basophil-depleted or TSLP-receptor-deficient mice did not produce OVA-specific IgE and were protected from oral challenge-induced anaphylaxis. IL-33-deficient mice produced normal levels of OVA-specific IgE. However, IL-33-deficient mice and mice treated with recombinant soluble IL-33 receptor were protected from anaphylaxis. Thus, basophils and TSLP have pivotal roles in Th2 development in the skin during the sensitization phase of food allergy. In contrast, while IL-33 is dispensable for promoting cutaneous antigen sensitization, the cytokine is essential for inducing IgE-dependent anaphylaxis in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Muto
- Department of Immunology and Medical Zoology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Ayumi Fukuoka
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kenji Nakanishi
- Department of Immunology and Medical Zoology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Matsushita
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunology and Medical Zoology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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Johnston LK, Chien KB, Bryce PJ. The immunology of food allergy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2529-34. [PMID: 24610821 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food allergies represent an increasingly prevalent human health problem, and therapeutic options remain limited, with avoidance being mainstay, despite its adverse effects on quality of life. A better understanding of the key immunological mechanisms involved in such responses likely will be vital for development of new therapies. This review outlines the current understanding of how the immune system is thought to contribute to prevention or development of food allergies. Drawing from animal studies, as well as clinical data when available, the importance of oral tolerance in sustaining immunological nonresponsiveness to food Ags, our current understanding of why oral tolerance may fail and sensitization may occur, and the knowledge of pathways that may lead to anaphylaxis and food allergy-associated responses are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Johnston
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611
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120
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Oyoshi MK, Oettgen HC, Chatila TA, Geha RS, Bryce PJ. Food allergy: Insights into etiology, prevention, and treatment provided by murine models. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:309-17. [PMID: 24636470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is a rapidly growing public health concern because of its increasing prevalence and life-threatening potential. Animal models of food allergy have emerged as a tool for identifying mechanisms involved in the development of sensitization to normally harmless food allergens, as well as delineating the critical immune components of the effector phase of allergic reactions to food. However, the role animal models might play in understanding human diseases remains contentious. This review summarizes how animal models have provided insights into the etiology of human food allergy, experimental corroboration for epidemiologic findings that might facilitate prevention strategies, and validation for the utility of new therapies for food allergy. Improved understanding of food allergy from the study of animal models together with human studies is likely to contribute to the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko K Oyoshi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Hans C Oettgen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
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121
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Noti M, Kim BS, Siracusa MC, Rak GD, Kubo M, Moghaddam AE, Sattentau QA, Comeau MR, Spergel JM, Artis D. Exposure to food allergens through inflamed skin promotes intestinal food allergy through the thymic stromal lymphopoietin-basophil axis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1390-9, 1399.e1-6. [PMID: 24560412 PMCID: PMC4007098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to food allergens through a disrupted skin barrier has been recognized as a potential factor in the increasing prevalence of food allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to test the immunologic mechanisms by which epicutaneous sensitization to food allergens predisposes to intestinal food allergy. METHODS Mice were epicutaneously sensitized with ovalbumin or peanut on an atopic dermatitis-like skin lesion, followed by intragastric antigen challenge. Antigen-specific serum IgE levels and T(H)2 cytokine responses were measured by ELISA. Expression of type 2 cytokines and mast cell proteases in the intestine were measured by using real-time PCR. Accumulation of basophils in the skin and mast cells in the intestine was examined by using flow cytometry. In vivo basophil depletion was achieved by using diphtheria toxin treatment of Baso-DTR mice. For cell-transfer studies, the basophil population was expanded in vivo by means of hydrodynamic tail vein injection of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) cDNA plasmid. RESULTS Sensitization to food allergens through an atopic dermatitis-like skin lesion is associated with an expansion of TSLP-elicited basophils in the skin that promote antigen-specific T(H)2 cytokine responses, increased antigen-specific serum IgE levels, and accumulation of mast cells in the intestine, promoting the development of intestinal food allergy. Critically, disruption of TSLP responses or depletion of basophils reduced the susceptibility to intestinal food allergy, whereas transfer of TSLP-elicited basophils into intact skin promoted disease. CONCLUSION Epicutaneous sensitization on a disrupted skin barrier is associated with accumulation of TSLP-elicited basophils, which are necessary and sufficient to promote antigen-induced intestinal food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Noti
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brian S Kim
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Gregory D Rak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Research Center for Integrative Medical Science, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Kanagawa, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Amin E Moghaddam
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin A Sattentau
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jonathan M Spergel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - David Artis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
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Sicherer SH, Leung DYM. Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects in 2013. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:324-34. [PMID: 24373349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights some of the research advances in anaphylaxis; hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects; and allergic skin diseases that were reported in the Journal in 2013. Studies on food allergy suggest that (1) 7.6% of the US population is affected, (2) a "healthy" early diet might prevent food allergy, (3) the skin might be an important route of sensitization, (4) allergen component testing might aid diagnosis, (5) the prognosis of milk allergy might be predictable through early testing, (6) oral or sublingual immunotherapy show promise but also have caveats, and (7) preclinical studies show promising alternative modes of immunotherapy and desensitization. Studies on eosinophilic esophagitis show a relationship to connective tissue disorders and that dietary management is an effective treatment for adults. Markers of anaphylaxis severity have been determined and might inform potential diagnostics and therapeutic targets. Insights on serum tests for drug and insect sting allergy might result in improved diagnostics. Genetic and immune-mediated defects in skin epithelial differentiation contribute to the severity of atopic dermatitis. Novel management approaches to treatment of chronic urticaria, including use of omalizumab, are being identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Sicherer
- Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
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Mohiuddin MS, Curran-Everett D, Leung DYM. Vitamin D and food allergy in patients with severe atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:1011. [PMID: 23954349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maaz S Mohiuddin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy-Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
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