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Bouzinab K, Summers HS, Stevens MFG, Moody CJ, Thomas NR, Gershkovich P, Weston N, Ashford MB, Bradshaw TD, Turyanska L. Delivery of Temozolomide and N3-Propargyl Analog to Brain Tumors Using an Apoferritin Nanocage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12609-12617. [PMID: 32073826 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a grade IV astrocytoma, which is the most aggressive form of brain tumor. The standard of care for this disease includes surgery, radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. Poor accumulation of TMZ at the tumor site, tumor resistance to drug, and dose-limiting bone marrow toxicity eventually reduce the success of this treatment. Herein, we have encapsulated >500 drug molecules of TMZ into the biocompatible protein nanocage, apoferritin (AFt), using a "nanoreactor" method (AFt-TMZ). AFt is internalized by transferrin receptor 1-mediated endocytosis and is therefore able to facilitate cancer cell uptake and enhance drug efficacy. Following encapsulation, the protein cage retained its morphological integrity and surface charge; hence, its cellular recognition and uptake are not affected by the presence of this cargo. Additional benefits of AFt include maintenance of TMZ stability at pH 5.5 and drug release under acidic pH conditions, encountered in lysosomal compartments. MTT assays revealed that the encapsulated agents displayed significantly increased antitumor activity in U373V (vector control) and, remarkably, the isogenic U373M (MGMT expressing TMZ-resistant) GBM cell lines, with GI50 values <1.5 μM for AFt-TMZ, compared to 35 and 376 μM for unencapsulated TMZ against U373V and U373M, respectively. The enhanced potency of AFt-TMZ was further substantiated by clonogenic assays. Potentiated G2/M cell cycle arrest following exposure of cells to AFt-TMZ indicated an enhanced DNA damage burden. Indeed, increased O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) adducts in cells exposed to AFt-TMZ and subsequent generation of γH2AX foci support the hypothesis that AFt significantly enhances the delivery of TMZ to cancer cells in vitro, overwhelming the direct O6-MeG repair conferred by MGMT. We have additionally encapsulated >500 molecules of the N3-propargyl imidazotetrazine analog (N3P), developed to combat TMZ resistance, and demonstrated significantly enhanced activity of AFt-N3P against GBM and colorectal carcinoma cell lines. These studies support the use of AFt as a promising nanodelivery system for targeted delivery, lysosomal drug release, and enhanced imidazotetrazine potency for treatment of GBM and wider-spectrum malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Bouzinab
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Helen S Summers
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Malcolm F G Stevens
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | | | - Neil R Thomas
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nicola Weston
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Marianne B Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R & D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Lyudmila Turyanska
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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102
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Schroer CFE, Baldauf L, van Buren L, Wassenaar TA, Melo MN, Koenderink GH, Marrink SJ. Charge-dependent interactions of monomeric and filamentous actin with lipid bilayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5861-5872. [PMID: 32123101 PMCID: PMC7084070 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914884117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein actin polymerizes into filaments that are essential for the mechanical stability of mammalian cells. In vitro experiments showed that direct interactions between actin filaments and lipid bilayers are possible and that the net charge of the bilayer as well as the presence of divalent ions in the buffer play an important role. In vivo, colocalization of actin filaments and divalent ions are suppressed, and cells rely on linker proteins to connect the plasma membrane to the actin network. Little is known, however, about why this is the case and what microscopic interactions are important. A deeper understanding is highly beneficial, first, to obtain understanding in the biological design of cells and, second, as a possible basis for the building of artificial cortices for the stabilization of synthetic cells. Here, we report the results of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of monomeric and filamentous actin in the vicinity of differently charged lipid bilayers. We observe that charges on the lipid head groups strongly determine the ability of actin to adsorb to the bilayer. The inclusion of divalent ions leads to a reversal of the binding affinity. Our in silico results are validated experimentally by reconstitution assays with actin on lipid bilayer membranes and provide a molecular-level understanding of the actin-membrane interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten F E Schroer
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Baldauf
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Living Matter Department, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard van Buren
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Living Matter Department, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tsjerk A Wassenaar
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel N Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, New University of Lisbon, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands;
- Living Matter Department, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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103
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Banerjee S, Gardel ML, Schwarz US. The Actin Cytoskeleton as an Active Adaptive Material. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS 2020; 11:421-439. [PMID: 33343823 PMCID: PMC7748259 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Actin is the main protein used by biological cells to adapt their structure and mechanics to their needs. Cellular adaptation is made possible by molecular processes that strongly depend on mechanics. The actin cytoskeleton is also an active material that continuously consumes energy. This allows for dynamical processes that are possible only out of equilibrium and opens up the possibility for multiple layers of control that have evolved around this single protein.Here we discuss the actin cytoskeleton from the viewpoint of physics as an active adaptive material that can build structures superior to man-made soft matter systems. Not only can actin be used to build different network architectures on demand and in an adaptive manner, but it also exhibits the dynamical properties of feedback systems, like excitability, bistability, or oscillations. Therefore, it is a prime example of how biology couples physical structure and information flow and a role model for biology-inspired metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiladitya Banerjee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- Department of Physics, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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104
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Scholz M, Weirich KL, Gardel ML, Dinner AR. Tuning molecular motor transport through cytoskeletal filament network organization. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2135-2140. [PMID: 32016200 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Within cells, crosslinking proteins organize cytoskeletal filaments both temporally and spatially to create dynamic and structurally diverse networks. Molecular motors move on these networks for both force generation and transport processes. How the transport statistics depend on the network architecture remains poorly characterized. Using cross-linking proteins (α-actinin, fimbrin, fascin, or filamin) and purified actin, we create cytoskeletal networks with diverse microscopic architectures. We track the motion of myosin II motor proteins moving on these networks and calculate transport statistics. We observe that motor dynamics change predictably based on the bundling of filaments within the underlying networks and discuss implications for network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Scholz
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kimberly L Weirich
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aaron R Dinner
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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105
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Li X, Liu J, Yang T, Qiu H, Lu L, Tu Q, Xiong K, Huang N, Yang Z. Mussel-inspired "built-up" surface chemistry for combining nitric oxide catalytic and vascular cell selective properties. Biomaterials 2020; 241:119904. [PMID: 32109705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Specific selectivity of vascular cells and antithrombogenicity are crucial factors for the long-term success of vascular implants. In this work, a novel concept of mussel-inspired "built-up" surface chemistry realized by sequential stacking of a copper-dopamine network basement, followed by a polydopamine layer is introduced to facilitate the combination of nitric oxide (NO) catalysis and vascular cell selectivity. The resultant "built-up" film allowed easy manipulation of the content of copper ions and the density of catechol/quinone groups, facilitating the multifunctional surface engineering of vascular devices. For example, the chelated copper ions in the copper-dopamine network endow a functionalized vascular stent with a durable release of NO via catalytic decomposition of endogenous S-nitrosothiol. Meanwhile, the catechol/quinone groups on the film surface allow the facile, secondary grafting of the REDV peptide to develop a selectivity for vascular cells, as a supplement to the functions of NO. As a result, the functionalized vascular stent perfectly combines the functions of NO and REDV, showing excellent antithrombotic properties and competitive selectivity toward the endothelial cells over the smooth muscle cells, hence impressively promotes re-endothelialization and improves anti-restenosis in vivo. Therefore, the first mussel-inspired "built-up" surface chemistry can be a promising candidate for the engineering of multifunctional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Physical Education Department, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Qiufen Tu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Kaiqing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Zhilu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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106
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Gao Y, Khan GJ, Wei X, Zhai KF, Sun L, Yuan S. DT-13 inhibits breast cancer cell migration via non-muscle myosin II-A regulation in tumor microenvironment synchronized adaptations. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1591-1602. [PMID: 32056128 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastasis is a terrifying characteristic of cancer. Numerous studies have been conducted to overcome metastasis by targeting tumor microenvironment (TME). However, due to complexity of tumor microenvironment, it remained difficult for accurate targeting. Dwarf-lillytruf tuber monomer-13 (DT-13) possess good potential against TME. OBJECTIVE As TME is supportive for tumor metastasis, alternatively it is a challenging for therapeutic intervention. In our present study, we explored molecular mechanism through which TME induced cell migration and how DT-13 interferes in this mechanism. METHODS We used a novel model of co-culture system which is eventually developed in our lab. Tumor cells were co-cultured with hypoxia induced cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) or with chemically induced cancer-associated adipocytes (CAA). The effect of hypoxia in conditioned medium for CAF was assessed through expression of α-SMA and HIF by western blotting while oil red staining was done to assess the successful chemical induction for adipocytes (CAA), the effect of TME through conditioned medium on cell migration was analyzed by trans-well cell migration, and cell motility (wound healing) analyses. The expression changes in cellular proteins were assessed through western blotting and immunofluorescent studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our results showed that tumor microenvironment has a direct role in promoting breast cancer cell migration by stromal cells; moreover, we found that DT-13 restricts this TME regulated cell migration via targeting stromal cells in vitro. Additionally we also found that DT-13 targets NMII-A for its effect on breast cancer cell migration for the regulation of stromal cells in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gao
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - G J Khan
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Pharmacy (FOP), University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - X Wei
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - K-F Zhai
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine and Functional Food, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, 49, Bianhe Road, Suzhou, 234000, People's Republic of China.
| | - L Sun
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - S Yuan
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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107
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Yang L, Yu Y, Xiong Z, Chen H, Tan B, Hu H. Downregulation of SEMA4C Inhibit Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and the Invasion and Metastasis of Cervical Cancer Cells via Inhibiting Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-Induced Hela cells p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Activation. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e918123. [PMID: 31951596 PMCID: PMC6986213 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in promoting invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. SEMA4C can regulate the generation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1)-induced EMT in cervical cancer. This study investigated the relationship between the regulation of SEMA4C on TGF-ß1-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hela-shSEMA4C cell line was established and the success of transfection was confirmed with fluorescence intensity. Cell experiments were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was Hela, Hela-shNC, and Hela-shSEMA4C; and Group 2 was Hela, Hela-shNC, Hela-shSEMA4C, Hela+TGF-ß1, Hela-shNC+TGF-ß1, and Hela-shSEMA4C+TGF-ß1. Group 1 was detected for SEMA4C mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cell viability by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), F-actin fluorescence intensity by immunofluorescence, cell migration by scratch test, and cell invasion by invasion test. Group 2 was analyzed for E-cadherin fluorescence intensity by immunofluorescence, human fibronectin (FN) content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and SEMA4C, E-cadherin and p-p38 expressions by Western blot. RESULTS For Group 1, compared with Hela and Hela-shNC subgroups, the SEMA4C mRNA expression, cell viability, F-actin fluorescence intensity, cell migration and invasion ability in the Hela-shSEMA4C subgroup were significantly decreased (P<0.05). For Group 2, compared with Hela and Hela-shNC subgroups, the E-cadherin expression and fluorescence intensity in the Hela-shSEMA4C subgroup were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the FN content, SEMA4C, and p-p38 MAPK expressions were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with Hela-shNC+TGF-ß1 and Hela+TGF-ß1 subgroups, the E-cadherin expression and fluorescence intensity in the Hela-shSEMA4C+TGF-ß1 subgroup were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the FN content, SEMA4C and p-p38 expressions were significantly decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of SEMA4C can inhibit EMT and the invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer cells via inhibiting TGF-ß1-induced Hela cells p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland).,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yayuan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenfang Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Buzhen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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108
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Chen M, Zeng J, Ruan W, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Xie S, Wang Z, Yang H. Examination of the relationship between viscoelastic properties and the invasion of ovarian cancer cells by atomic force microscopy. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:568-582. [PMID: 32318318 PMCID: PMC7155897 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells could serve as an indicator for disease progression and early cancer diagnosis. This study utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure the viscoelastic properties of ovarian cancer cells and then examined the association with the invasion of ovarian cancer at the level of living single cells. Elasticity and viscosity of the ovarian cancer cells OVCAR-3 and HO-8910 are significantly lower than those of the human ovarian surface epithelial cell (HOSEpiC) control. Further examination found a dramatic increase of migration/invasion and an obvious decease of microfilament density in OVCAR-3 and HO-8910 cells. Also, there was a significant relationship between viscoelastic and biological properties among these cells. In addition, the elasticity was significantly increased in OVCAR-3 and HO-8910 cells after the treatment with the anticancer compound echinomycin (Ech), while no obvious change was found in HOSEpiC cells after Ech treatment. Interestingly, Ech seemed to have no effect on the viscosity of the cells. Ech significantly inhibited the migration/invasion and significantly increased the microfilament density in OVCAR-3 and HO-8910 cells, which was significantly related with the elasticity of the cells. An increase of elasticity and a decrease of invasion were found in OVCAR-3 and HO-8910 cells after Ech treatment. Together, this study clearly demonstrated the association of viscoelastic properties with the invasion of ovarian cancer cells and shed a light on the biomechanical changes for early diagnosis of tumor transformation and progression at single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jinshu Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound Medical, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Weiwei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zhenghong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Shusen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hongqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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109
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Zhang Y, Zheng L, Le M, Nakano Y, Chan B, Huang Y, Torbaty PM, Kohwi Y, Marcucio R, Habelitz S, Den Besten PK, Kohwi-Shigematsu T. SATB1 establishes ameloblast cell polarity and regulates directional amelogenin secretion for enamel formation. BMC Biol 2019; 17:104. [PMID: 31830989 PMCID: PMC6909472 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polarity is necessary for epithelial cells to perform distinct functions at their apical and basal surfaces. Oral epithelial cell-derived ameloblasts at secretory stage (SABs) synthesize large amounts of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs), largely amelogenins. EMPs are unidirectionally secreted into the enamel space through their apical cytoplasmic protrusions, or Tomes' processes (TPs), to guide the enamel formation. Little is known about the transcriptional regulation underlying the establishment of cell polarity and unidirectional secretion of SABs. RESULTS The higher-order chromatin architecture of eukaryotic genome plays important roles in cell- and stage-specific transcriptional programming. A genome organizer, special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1), was discovered to be significantly upregulated in ameloblasts compared to oral epithelial cells using a whole-transcript microarray analysis. The Satb1-/- mice possessed deformed ameloblasts and a thin layer of hypomineralized and non-prismatic enamel. Remarkably, Satb1-/- ameloblasts at the secretory stage lost many morphological characteristics found at the apical surface of wild-type (wt) SABs, including the loss of Tomes' processes, defective inter-ameloblastic adhesion, and filamentous actin architecture. As expected, the secretory function of Satb1-/- SABs was compromised as amelogenins were largely retained in cells. We found the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8), a known regulator for actin filament assembly and small intestinal epithelial cytoplasmic protrusion formation, to be SATB1 dependent. In contrast to wt SABs, EPS8 could not be detected at the apical surface of Satb1-/- SABs. Eps8 expression was greatly reduced in small intestinal epithelial cells in Satb1-/- mice as well, displaying defective intestinal microvilli. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that SATB1 is essential for establishing secretory ameloblast cell polarity and for EMP secretion. In line with the deformed apical architecture, amelogenin transport to the apical secretory front and secretion into enamel space were impeded in Satb1-/- SABs resulting in a massive cytoplasmic accumulation of amelogenins and a thin layer of hypomineralized enamel. Our studies strongly suggest that SATB1-dependent Eps8 expression plays a critical role in cytoplasmic protrusion formation in both SABs and in small intestines. This study demonstrates the role of SATB1 in the regulation of amelogenesis and the potential application of SATB1 in ameloblast/enamel regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Liwei Zheng
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Michael Le
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Barry Chan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yulei Huang
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Yoshinori Kohwi
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Ralph Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Pamela K Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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110
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Polymorphism in the LASP1 gene promoter region alters cognitive functions of patients with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18840. [PMID: 31827227 PMCID: PMC6906281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia's pathogenesis remains elusive. Cognitive dysfunction is the endophenotype and outcome predictor of schizophrenia. The LIM and SH3 domain protein (LASP1) protein, a component of CNS synapses and dendritic spines, has been related to the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction hypothesis and schizophrenia. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs979607) in the LASP1 gene promoter region has been also implicated in schizophrenia susceptibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the LASP1 rs979607 polymorphism in the cognitive functions of patients with schizophrenia. Two hundred and ninety-one Han Taiwanese patients with schizophrenia were recruited. Ten cognitive tests and two clinical rating scales were assessed. The scores of cognitive tests were standardized to T-scores. The genotyping of the LASP1 rs979607 polymorphism was performed using TaqMan assay. Among the 291 patients, 85 were C/C homozygotes of rs979607, 141 C/T heterozygotes, and 65 T/T homozygotes, which fitted the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. After adjusting age, gender, and education with general linear model, the C/C homozygotes performed better than C/T heterozygotes in overall composite score (p = 0.023), Category Fluency test (representing processing speed and semantic memory) (p = 0.045), and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)-III backward Spatial Span test (p = 0.025), albeit without correction for multiple comparisons for the latter two individual tests. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study suggesting that the genetic variation of LASP1 may be associated with global cognitive function, category verbal fluency, and spatial working memory of patients with schizophrenia. The finding also lends support to the NMDAR dysfunction hypothesis of schizophrenia. More studies with longitudinal designs are warranted.
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Lang C, Kohlbrecher J, Porcar L, Radulescu A, Sellinghoff K, Dhont JKG, Lettinga MP. Microstructural Understanding of the Length- and Stiffness-Dependent Shear Thinning in Semidilute Colloidal Rods. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joachim Kohlbrecher
- Laboratory of Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Jan Karel George Dhont
- Experimental Physics of Soft Matter, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Minne Paul Lettinga
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Song H, Zhang J, He W, Wang P, Wang F. Activation of Cofilin Increases Intestinal Permeability via Depolymerization of F-Actin During Hypoxia in vitro. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1455. [PMID: 31849705 PMCID: PMC6901426 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical barriers play a key role in maintaining the normal function of the intestinal mucosa. The barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells is significantly damaged after severe hypoxia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this hypoxia-induced damage are still not completely clear. Through the establishment of an in vitro cultured intestinal epithelial cell monolayer model (Caco-2), we treated cells with hypoxia or drugs [jasplakinolide or latrunculin A (LatA)] to detect changes in the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), the expression of the cellular tight junction (TJ) proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, the distribution of F-actin, the ratio of F-actin/G-actin content, and the expression of the cofilin protein. The results showed that hypoxia and drug treatment could both induce a significant reduction in the TER of the intestinal epithelial cell monolayer and a significant reduction in the expression of the ZO-1 and occludin protein. Hypoxia and LatA could cause a significant reduction in the ratio of F-actin/G-actin content, whereas jasplakinolide caused a significant increase in the ratio of F-actin/G-actin content. After hypoxia, cofilin phosphorylation was decreased. We concluded that the barrier function of the intestinal epithelial cell monolayer was significantly damaged after severe burn injury. The molecular mechanism might be that hypoxia-induced F-actin depolymerization and an imbalance between F-actin and G-actin through cofilin activation resulted in reduced expression and a change in the distribution of cellular TJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapei Song
- Department of Burns, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Burns, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Burns, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Burns, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- Department of Burns, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Effects of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 α Secreted in Degenerative Intervertebral Disc on Activation and Recruitment of Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9147835. [PMID: 31827537 PMCID: PMC6885842 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9147835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) plays a significant role in mobilizing and recruiting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the sites of injury. This study investigated the potential of SDF-1α released in the degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) to activate and recruit endogenous nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells (NPSCs) for regeneration in situ. We found SDF-1α was highly expressed and secreted by the native disc cells when cultured in the proinflammatory mediators in vitro mimicking the degenerative settings. Immunohistochemical staining also showed that the expression level of SDF-1α was significantly higher in the degenerative group compared to that in the normal group. In addition to enhancement of viability, SDF-1α significantly increased the number of NPSCs migrating into the center of the nucleotomized bovine IVD ex vivo. After the systemic delivery of exogenous PKH26-labelled NPSCs into the rats in vivo, there was a significant difference in the distribution of the migrated cells between the normal and the degenerative IVDs, which might be caused by the different expression levels of SDF-1α. However, blocking CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) with AMD3100 effectively abrogated SDF-1α-stimulated proliferation and migration. Taken together, SDF-1α may be a key chemoattractant that is highly produced in response to the degenerative changes, which can be used to enhance the proliferation and recruitment of endogenous stem cells into the IVDs. These findings may be of importance for understanding IVD regenerative mechanisms and development of regenerative strategies in situ for IVD degeneration.
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Abdelrazik H, Giordano E, Barbanti Brodano G, Griffoni C, De Falco E, Pelagalli A. Substantial Overview on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biological and Physical Properties as an Opportunity in Translational Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215386. [PMID: 31671788 PMCID: PMC6862078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have piqued worldwide interest for their extensive potential to treat a large array of clinical indications, their unique and controversial immunogenic and immune modulatory properties allowing ample discussions and debates for their possible applications. Emerging data demonstrating that the interaction of biomaterials and physical cues with MSC can guide their differentiation into specific cell lineages also provide new interesting insights for further MSC manipulation in different clinical applications. Moreover, recent discoveries of some regulatory molecules and signaling pathways in MSC niche that may regulate cell fate to distinct lineage herald breakthroughs in regenerative medicine. Although the advancement and success in the MSC field had led to an enormous increase in the amount of ongoing clinical trials, we still lack defined clinical therapeutic protocols. This review will explore the exciting opportunities offered by human and animal MSC, describing relevant biological properties of these cells in the light of the novel emerging evidence mentioned above while addressing the limitations and challenges MSC are still facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abdelrazik
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cairo University, Cairo 1137, Egypt.
- Department of Diagnosis, central laboratory department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16131 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, 47522 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Barbanti Brodano
- Department of Oncological and Degenerative Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Griffoni
- Department of Oncological and Degenerative Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Argentati C, Morena F, Tortorella I, Bazzucchi M, Porcellati S, Emiliani C, Martino S. Insight into Mechanobiology: How Stem Cells Feel Mechanical Forces and Orchestrate Biological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5337. [PMID: 31717803 PMCID: PMC6862138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between stem cells and their microenvironment has been shown to have a direct impact on stem cells' decisions about proliferation, growth, migration, and differentiation. It is well known that stem cells, tissues, organs, and whole organisms change their internal architecture and composition in response to external physical stimuli, thanks to cells' ability to sense mechanical signals and elicit selected biological functions. Likewise, stem cells play an active role in governing the composition and the architecture of their microenvironment. Is now being documented that, thanks to this dynamic relationship, stemness identity and stem cell functions are maintained. In this work, we review the current knowledge in mechanobiology on stem cells. We start with the description of theoretical basis of mechanobiology, continue with the effects of mechanical cues on stem cells, development, pathology, and regenerative medicine, and emphasize the contribution in the field of the development of ex-vivo mechanobiology modelling and computational tools, which allow for evaluating the role of forces on stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Argentati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Ilaria Tortorella
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Martina Bazzucchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Serena Porcellati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
- CEMIN, Center of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
- CEMIN, Center of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Skamrahl M, Colin-York H, Barbieri L, Fritzsche M. Simultaneous Quantification of the Interplay Between Molecular Turnover and Cell Mechanics by AFM-FRAP. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902202. [PMID: 31419037 PMCID: PMC7612032 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the adaptive mechanical behavior of living cells is essential for the understanding of their inner working and function. Yet, despite the establishment of quantitative methodologies correlating independent measurements of cell mechanics and its underlying molecular kinetics, explicit evidence and knowledge of the sensitivity of the feedback mechanisms of cells controlling their adaptive mechanics behavior remains elusive. Here, a combination of atomic force microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is introduced offering simultaneous quantification and direct correlation of molecule kinetics and mechanics in living cells. Systematic application of this optomechanical atomic force microscopy-fluorescence recovery after photobleaching platform reveals changes in the actin turnover and filament lengths of ventral actin stress fibers in response to constant mechanical force at the apical actin cortex with a dynamic range from 0.1 to 10 nN, highlighting a direct relationship of active mechanosensation and adaptation of the cellular actin cytoskeleton. Simultaneous quantification of the relationship between molecule kinetics and cell mechanics may thus open-up unprecedented insights into adaptive mechanobiological mechanisms of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Skamrahl
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford. OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Colin-York
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford. OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Liliana Barbieri
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford. OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford. OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
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Rodrigues C, Naasani LIS, Zanatelli C, Paim TC, Azevedo JG, de Lima JC, da Cruz Fernandes M, Buchner S, Wink MR. Bioglass 45S5: Structural characterization of short range order and analysis of biocompatibility with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sliogeryte K, Gavara N. Vimentin Plays a Crucial Role in Fibroblast Ageing by Regulating Biophysical Properties and Cell Migration. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101164. [PMID: 31569795 PMCID: PMC6848922 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is the result of changes in biochemical and biophysical processes at the cellular level that lead to progressive organ decline. Here we focus on the biophysical changes that impair cellular function of human dermal fibroblasts using donors of increasing age. We find that cell motility is impaired in cells from older donors, which is associated with increased Young’s modulus, viscosity, and adhesion. Cellular morphology also displays parallel increases in spread area and cytoskeletal assembly, with a threefold increase in vimentin filaments alongside a decrease in its remodelling rate. Treatments with withaferin A or acrylamide show that cell motility can be modulated by regulating vimentin assembly. Crucially, decreasing vimentin amount in cells from older individuals to levels displayed by the neonatal donor rescues their motility. Our results suggest that increased vimentin assembly may underlay the aberrant biophysical properties progressively observed at the cellular level in the course of human ageing and propose vimentin as a potential therapeutic target for ageing-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sliogeryte
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Núria Gavara
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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119
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Bansod YD, Matsumoto T, Nagayama K, Bursa J. A Finite Element Bendo-Tensegrity Model of Eukaryotic Cell. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2681670. [PMID: 30029237 DOI: 10.1115/1.4040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical interaction of cell with extracellular environment affects its function. The mechanisms by which mechanical stimuli are sensed and transduced into biochemical responses are still not well understood. Considering this, two finite element (FE) bendo-tensegrity models of a cell in different states are proposed with the aim to characterize cell deformation under different mechanical loading conditions: a suspended cell model elucidating the global response of cell in tensile test simulation and an adherent cell model explicating its local response in atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation simulation. The force-elongation curve obtained from tensile test simulation lies within the range of experimentally obtained characteristics of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and illustrates a nonlinear increase in reaction force with cell stretching. The force-indentation curves obtained from indentation simulations lie within the range of experimentally obtained curves of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and exhibit the influence of indentation site on the overall reaction force of cell. Simulation results have demonstrated that actin filaments (AFs) and microtubules (MTs) play a crucial role in the cell stiffness during stretching, whereas actin cortex (AC) along with actin bundles (ABs) and MTs are essential for the cell rigidity during indentation. The proposed models quantify the mechanical contribution of individual cytoskeletal components to cell mechanics and the deformation of nucleus under different mechanical loading conditions. These results can aid in better understanding of structure-function relationships in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Deepak Bansod
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (FME), Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics (ISMMB), Brno University of Technology (BUT), Technicka 2896/2, Brno 61669, Czech Republic e-mail:
| | - Takeo Matsumoto
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan e-mail:
| | - Kazuaki Nagayama
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan e-mail:
| | - Jiri Bursa
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (FME), Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics (ISMMB), Brno University of Technology (BUT), , Brno 61669, Czech Republic e-mail:
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Phenotypic characteristics of human bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells in vitro support cell effectiveness for repair of the blood-spinal cord barrier in ALS. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146428. [PMID: 31493389 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was recently recognized as a neurovascular disease. Accumulating evidence demonstrated blood-spinal-cord barrier (BSCB) impairment mainly via endothelial cell (EC) degeneration in ALS patients and animal models. BSCB repair may be a therapeutic approach for ALS. We showed benefits of human bone marrow endothelial progenitor cell (hBMEPC) transplantation into symptomatic ALS mice on barrier restoration; however, cellular mechanisms remain unclear. The study aimed to characterize hBMEPCs in vitro under normogenic conditions. hBMEPCs were cultured at different time points. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect concentrations of angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, angiogenin-1, and endoglin) and angiogenic inhibitor endostatin in conditioned media. Double immunocytochemical staining for CD105, ZO-1, and occludin with F-actin was performed. Results showed predominantly gradual significant post-culture increases of VEGF-A and angiogenin-1 levels. Cultured cells displayed distinct rounded or elongated cellular morphologies and positively immunoexpressed for CD105, indicating EC phenotype. Cytoskeletal F-actin filaments were re-arranged according to cell morphologies. Immunopositive expressions for ZO-1 were detected near inner cell membrane and for occludin on cell membrane surface of adjacent hBMEPCs. Together, secretion of angiogenic factors by cultured cells provides evidence for a potential mechanism underlying endogenous EC repair in ALS through hBMEPC transplantation, leading to restored barrier integrity. Also, ZO-1 and occludin immunoexpressions, confirming hBMEPC interactions in vitro, may reflect post-transplant cell actions in vivo.
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Liang Z, Li X, Chen J, Cai H, Zhang L, Li C, Tong J, Hu W. PRC1 promotes cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by regulating p21/p27-pRB family molecules and FAK-paxillin pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:2059-2072. [PMID: 35116955 PMCID: PMC8799135 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.09.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to demonstrate the function and molecular mechanism of protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) in the carcinogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Bioinformatics analysis was performed. Cell culture and plasmid construction were conducted for cell transfection. mRNA and protein expression, cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle were detected. Mice models were also constructed. The relationship between PRC1 and the prognosis of NSCLC patients was analyzed. Results PRC1 expression was higher in tumor tissues than adjacent non-tumor tissues (P<0.05). Cells transfected with the high-expression PRC1 plasmid (TOPO-PRC1 group) had the stronger ability of proliferation and migration (P<0.05) along with a lower incidence of stay at the G2/M phase (P<0.05) than the low-expression PRC1 plasmid. Mice models showed tumors obtained from mice in the TOPO-PRC1 group significantly grew faster, larger, and heavier (P<0.05) than the low-expression PRC1 group. Among the 150 NSCLC patients, patients with the higher PRC1 expression were more likely to have lymph node metastasis occur (P<0.05) and progress into an advanced stage (P<0.05), and showed shorter survival (P<0.05). Moreover, the TOPO-PRC1 group had a lower phosphorylation level, and a lower expression of Cip1/p21 (P<0.05) and Kip1/p27 (P<0.01). Conclusions PRC1 could promote cell proliferation and cell cycle progression through FAK-paxillin pathway molecules and the regulation of the phosphorylation level of p21/p27-pRB family molecules. PRC1 might be a new and promising therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Haina Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Chenwei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Jingjie Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
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Barriga EH, Mayor R. Adjustable viscoelasticity allows for efficient collective cell migration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 93:55-68. [PMID: 29859995 PMCID: PMC6854469 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for a wide range of biological processes such as embryo morphogenesis, wound healing, regeneration, and also in pathological conditions, such as cancer. In such contexts, cells are required to migrate as individual entities or as highly coordinated collectives, both of which requiring cells to respond to molecular and mechanical cues from their environment. However, whilst the function of chemical cues in cell migration is comparatively well understood, the role of tissue mechanics on cell migration is just starting to be studied. Recent studies suggest that the dynamic tuning of the viscoelasticity within a migratory cluster of cells, and the adequate elastic properties of its surrounding tissues, are essential to allow efficient collective cell migration in vivo. In this review we focus on the role of viscoelasticity in the control of collective cell migration in various cellular systems, mentioning briefly some aspects of single cell migration. We aim to provide details on how viscoelasticity of collectively migrating groups of cells and their surroundings is adjusted to ensure correct morphogenesis, wound healing, and metastasis. Finally, we attempt to show that environmental viscoelasticity triggers molecular changes within migrating clusters and that these new molecular setups modify clusters' viscoelasticity, ultimately allowing them to migrate across the challenging geometries of their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias H Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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Alves MM, Andrade SM, Grenho L, Fernandes MH, Santos C, Montemor MF. Influence of apple phytochemicals in ZnO nanoparticles formation, photoluminescence and biocompatibility for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 101:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Nano-hydroxyapatite in oral care cosmetics: characterization and cytotoxicity assessment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11050. [PMID: 31363145 PMCID: PMC6667430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-hydroxyapatite has been used as an oral care ingredient, being incorporated in several products for the treatment of dental hypersensitivity and enamel remineralisation. Despite its promising results, regulatory and safety concerns have been discussed and questioned by the European Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) regarding the usage of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in oral care products. In this work, a commercially available nano-hydroxyapatite was characterized and its cytocompatibility towards human gingival fibroblasts was evaluated, as well as its irritation potential using the in vitro HET-CAM assay. All the conditions chosen in this study tried to simulate the tooth brushing procedure and the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles levels normally incorporated in oral care products. The commercial hydroxyapatite nanoparticles used in this study exhibited a rod-like morphology and the expected chemical and phase composition. The set of in vitro cytotoxicity parameters accessed showed that these nanoparticles are highly cytocompatible towards human gingival fibroblasts. Additionally, these nanoparticles did not possess any irritation potential on HET-CAM assay. This study clarifies the issues raised by SCCS and it concludes that this specific nano-hydroxyapatite is cytocompatible, as these nanoparticles did not alter the normal behaviour of the cells. Therefore, they are safe to be used in oral care products.
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125
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The Cytoskeleton of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: from Normal Aging to Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143578. [PMID: 31336621 PMCID: PMC6678077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a unique epithelium, with major roles which are essential in the visual cycle and homeostasis of the outer retina. The RPE is a monolayer of polygonal and pigmented cells strategically placed between the neuroretina and Bruch membrane, adjacent to the fenestrated capillaries of the choriocapillaris. It shows strong apical (towards photoreceptors) to basal/basolateral (towards Bruch membrane) polarization. Multiple functions are bound to a complex structure of highly organized and polarized intracellular components: the cytoskeleton. A strong connection between the intracellular cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix is indispensable to maintaining the function of the RPE and thus, the photoreceptors. Impairments of these intracellular structures and the regular architecture they maintain often result in a disrupted cytoskeleton, which can be found in many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review article will give an overview of current knowledge on the molecules and proteins involved in cytoskeleton formation in cells, including RPE and how the cytoskeleton is affected under stress conditions—especially in AMD.
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126
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Paucimannosidic glycoepitopes inhibit tumorigenic processes in glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4449-4465. [PMID: 31320997 PMCID: PMC6633888 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive cancer type with poor patient outcomes. Interestingly, we reported previously a novel association between the little studied paucimannosidic N-linked glycoepitope and glioblastoma. Paucimannose has only recently been detected in vertebrates where it exhibits a very restricted tumor-specific expression. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time a very high protein paucimannosylation in human grade IV glioblastoma and U-87MG and U-138MG glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, we revealed the involvement of paucimannosidic epitopes in tumorigenic processes including cell proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion. Finally, we identified AHNAK which is discussed as a tumor suppressor as the first paucimannose-carrying protein in glioblastoma and show the involvement of AHNAK in the observed paucimannose-dependent effects. This study is the first to provide evidence of a protective role of paucimannosylation in glioblastoma, a relationship that with further in vivo support may have far reaching benefits for patients suffering from this often fatal disease.
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127
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Floyd C, Papoian GA, Jarzynski C. Quantifying dissipation in actomyosin networks. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180078. [PMID: 31065344 PMCID: PMC6501337 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying entropy production in various active matter phases will open new avenues for probing self-organization principles in these far-from-equilibrium systems. It has been hypothesized that the dissipation of free energy by active matter systems may be optimized, leading to system trajectories with histories of large dissipation and an accompanying emergence of ordered dynamical states. This interesting idea has not been widely tested. In particular, it is not clear whether emergent states of actomyosin networks, which represent a salient example of biological active matter, self-organize following the principle of dissipation optimization. In order to start addressing this question using detailed computational modelling, we rely on the MEDYAN simulation platform, which allows simulating active matter networks from fundamental molecular principles. We have extended the capabilities of MEDYAN to allow quantification of the rates of dissipation resulting from chemical reactions and relaxation of mechanical stresses during simulation trajectories. This is done by computing precise changes in Gibbs free energy accompanying chemical reactions using a novel formula and through detailed calculations of instantaneous values of the system's mechanical energy. We validate our approach with a mean-field model that estimates the rates of dissipation from filament treadmilling. Applying this methodology to the self-organization of small disordered actomyosin networks, we find that compact and highly cross-linked networks tend to allow more efficient transduction of chemical free energy into mechanical energy. In these simple systems, we observe that spontaneous network reorganizations tend to result in a decrease in the total dissipation rate to a low steady-state value. Future studies might carefully test whether the dissipation-driven adaptation hypothesis applies in this instance, as well as in more complex cytoskeletal geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Floyd
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Garegin A. Papoian
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Christopher Jarzynski
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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128
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Alizadeh E, Xu W, Castle J, Foss J, Prasad A. TISMorph: A tool to quantify texture, irregularity and spreading of single cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217346. [PMID: 31158241 PMCID: PMC6546208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of recent studies have shown that cell shape and cytoskeletal texture can be used as sensitive readouts of the physiological state of the cell. However, utilization of this information requires the development of quantitative measures that can describe relevant aspects of cell shape. In this paper we develop a toolbox, TISMorph, that calculates a set of quantitative measures to address this need. Some of the measures introduced here have been used previously, while others are new and have desirable properties for shape and texture quantification of cells. These measures, broadly classifiable into the categories of textural, irregularity and spreading measures, are tested by using them to discriminate between osteosarcoma cell lines treated with different cytoskeletal drugs. We find that even though specific classification tasks often rely on a few measures, these are not the same between all classification tasks, thus requiring the use of the entire suite of measures for classification and discrimination. We provide detailed descriptions of the measures, as well as the TISMorph package to implement them. Quantitative morphological measures that capture different aspects of cell morphology will help enhance large-scale image-based quantitative analysis, which is emerging as a new field of biological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Alizadeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jordan Castle
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Foss
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ashok Prasad
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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129
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Metsiou DN, Siatis KE, Giannopoulou E, Papachristou DJ, Kalofonos HP, Koutras A, Athanassiou G. The Impact of Anti-tumor Agents on ER-Positive MCF-7 and HER2-Positive SKBR-3 Breast Cancer Cells Biomechanics. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:1711-1724. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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130
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Predoi D, Iconaru SL, Predoi MV. Dextran-Coated Zinc-Doped Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050886. [PMID: 31096585 PMCID: PMC6571726 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dextran-coated zinc-doped hydroxyapatite (ZnHApD) was synthesized by an adapted sol-gel method. The stability of ZnHApD nanoparticles in an aqueous solution was analyzed using ultrasonic measurements. The analysis of the evolution in time of the attenuation for each of the frequencies was performed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations exhibited that no impurity was found. The morphology, size and size distribution of the ZnHApD sample was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The TEM and SEM results showed that the ZnHApD particles have an ellipsoidal shape and a narrow distribution of sizes. The cell growth and toxicity of HEK-293 cells were investigated on the ZnHApD solution for four different concentrations and analyzed after 24 and 48 h. The ZnHApD solution presented a non-toxic activity against HEK-293 cells for all analyzed concentrations. The antibacterial assay revealed that all the tested microorganisms were inhibited by the ZnHApD dispersion after 24 and 48 h of incubation. It was observed that the effect of the ZnHApD solution on bacteria growth depended on the bacterial strain. The Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 bacterial strain was the most sensitive, as a growth inhibition in the presence of 0.075 μg/mL ZnHApD in the culture medium was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Predoi
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - Simona Liliana Iconaru
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - Mihai Valentin Predoi
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, BN 002, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
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131
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Chronic Kidney Disease Increases Cerebral Microbleeds in Mouse and Man. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:122-134. [PMID: 31055735 PMCID: PMC6957561 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain microbleeds are increased in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their presence increases risk of cognitive decline and stroke. We examined the interaction between CKD and brain microhemorrhages (the neuropathological substrate of microbleeds) in mouse and cell culture models and studied progression of microbleed burden on serial brain imaging from humans. Mouse studies: Two CKD models were investigated: adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis and surgical 5/6 nephrectomy. Cell culture studies: bEnd.3 mouse brain endothelial cells were grown to confluence, and monolayer integrity was measured after exposure to 5–15% human uremic serum or increasing concentrations of urea. Human studies: Progression of brain microbleeds was evaluated on serial MRI from control, pre-dialysis CKD, and dialysis patients. Microhemorrhages were increased 2–2.5-fold in mice with CKD independent of higher blood pressure in the 5/6 nephrectomy model. IgG staining was increased in CKD animals, consistent with increased blood–brain barrier permeability. Incubation of bEnd.3 cells with uremic serum or elevated urea produced a dose-dependent drop in trans-endothelial electrical resistance. Elevated urea induced actin cytoskeleton derangements and decreased claudin-5 expression. In human subjects, prevalence of microbleeds was 50% in both CKD cohorts compared with 10% in age-matched controls. More patients in the dialysis cohort had increased microbleeds on follow-up MRI after 1.5 years. CKD disrupts the blood–brain barrier and increases brain microhemorrhages in mice and microbleeds in humans. Elevated urea alters the actin cytoskeleton and tight junction proteins in cultured endothelial cells, suggesting that these mechanisms explain (at least in part) the microhemorrhages and microbleeds observed in the animal and human studies.
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132
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Abstract
Refining predicted protein structures with all-atom molecular dynamics simulations is one route to producing, entirely by computational means, structural models of proteins that rival in quality those that are determined by X-ray diffraction experiments. Slow rearrangements within the compact folded state, however, make routine refinement of predicted structures by unrestrained simulations infeasible. In this work, we draw inspiration from the fields of metallurgy and blacksmithing, where practitioners have worked out practical means of controlling equilibration by mechanically deforming their samples. We describe a two-step refinement procedure that involves identifying collective variables for mechanical deformations using a coarse-grained model and then sampling along these deformation modes in all-atom simulations. Identifying those low-frequency collective modes that change the contact map the most proves to be an effective strategy for choosing which deformations to use for sampling. The method is tested on 20 refinement targets from the CASP12 competition and is found to induce large structural rearrangements that drive the structures closer to the experimentally determined structures during relatively short all-atom simulations of 50 ns. By examining the accuracy of side-chain rotamer states in subensembles of structures that have varying degrees of similarity to the experimental structure, we identified the reorientation of aromatic side chains as a step that remains slow even when encouraging global mechanical deformations in the all-atom simulations. Reducing the side-chain rotamer isomerization barriers in the all-atom force field is found to further speed up refinement.
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133
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Liu L, Zhang L, Zhao S, Zhao XY, Min PX, Ma YD, Wang YY, Chen Y, Tang SJ, Zhang YJ, Du J, Gu L. Non-canonical Notch Signaling Regulates Actin Remodeling in Cell Migration by Activating PI3K/AKT/Cdc42 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:370. [PMID: 31057403 PMCID: PMC6477508 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell migration is a critical step in cancer metastasis. Over-activated Notch pathway can promote the migration of cancer cells, especially in the breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of non-canonical Notch signaling in modulating the migration has not yet been clearly characterized. Here we demonstrated that DAPT, a gamma secretase inhibitor, inhibited protrusion formation and cell motility, and then reduced the migration of triple-negative breast cancer cells, through increasing the activity of Cdc42 by non-canonical Notch pathway. Phosphorylation of AKT on S473 was surprisingly increased when Notch signaling was inhibited by DAPT. Inhibition of PI3K and AKT by LY294002 and MK2206, respectively, or knockdown of AKT expression by siRNA blocked DAPT-induced activation of Cdc42. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining further showed that DAPT treatment reduced the formation of lamellipodia and induced actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Taken together, these results indicated that DAPT inhibited Notch signaling and consequently activated PI3K/AKT/Cdc42 signaling by non-canonical pathway, facilitated the formation of filopodia and inhibited the assembly of lamellipodia, and finally resulted in the decrease of migration activity of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu-Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Min
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Dong Ma
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue-Yuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Jie Tang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Du
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luo Gu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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134
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Kwon S, Lee DH, Han SJ, Yang W, Quan FS, Kim KS. Biomechanical properties of red blood cells infected by Plasmodium berghei ANKA. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20546-20553. [PMID: 30989677 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a pathogenic disease in mammal species and typically causes destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). The malaria-infected RBCs undergoes alterations in morphology and its rheological properties, and the altered rheological properties of RBCs have a significant impact on disease pathophysiology. In this study, we investigated detailed topological and biomechanical properties of RBCs infected with malaria Plasmodium berghei ANKA using atomic force microscopy. Mouse (BALB/c) RBCs were obtained on Days 4, 10, and 14 after infection. We found that malaria-infected RBCs changed significantly in shape. The RBCs maintained a biconcave disk shape until Day 4 after infection and then became lopsided on Day 7 after infection. The central region of RBCs began to swell beginning on Day 10 after infection. More schizont stages were present on Days 10 and 14 compared with on Day 4. The malaria-infected RBCs also showed changes in mechanical properties and the cytoskeleton. The stiffness of infected RBCs increased 4.4-4.6-fold and their cytoskeletal F-actin level increased 18.99-67.85% compared with the control cells. The increase in F-actin depending on infection time was in good agreement with the increased stiffness of infected RBCs. Because more schizont stages were found at a late period of infection at Days 10 and 14, the significant changes in biomechanical properties might contribute to the destruction of RBCs, possibly resulting in the release of merozoites into the blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Kwon
- Department of Physics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jik Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochul Yang
- Department of Physics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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135
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Ying JW, Wen TY, Pei SS, Su LH, Ruan DK. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α promotes recruitment and differentiation of nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:196-211. [PMID: 30949297 PMCID: PMC6441939 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i3.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a condition characterized by a reduction in the water and extracellular matrix content of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and is considered as one of the dominating contributing factors to low back pain. Recent evidence suggests that stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) direct the migration of stem cells associated with injury repair in different musculoskeletal tissues.
AIM To investigate the effects of SDF-1α on recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation of nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells (NPSCs).
METHODS We performed real-time RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine the expression of SDF-1α in nucleus pulposus cells after treatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. An animal model of IVD degeneration was established using annular fibrosus puncture in rat coccygeal discs. Tissue samples were collected from normal control and degeneration groups. Differences in the expression of SDF-1α between the normal and degenerative IVDs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The migration capacity of NPSCs induced by SDF-1α was evaluated using wound healing and transwell migration assays. To determine the effect of SDF-1α on chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs, we conducted cell micromass culture and examined the expression levels of Sox-9, aggrecan, and collagen II. Moreover, the roles of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the migration and chondrogenesis differentiation of NPSCs were analyzed by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and real-time RT-PCR.
RESULTS SDF-1α was significantly upregulated in the native IVD cells cultured in vitro with pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, mimicking the degenerative settings. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the level of SDF-1α was also significantly higher in the degenerative group than in the normal group. SDF-1α enhanced the migration capacity of NPSCs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SDF-1α induced chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs, as evidenced by the increased expression of chondrogenic markers using histological and immunoblotting analyses. Real-time RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence showed that SDF-1α not only increased CXCR4 expression but also stimulated translocation of CXCR4 from the cytoplasm to membrane, accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangement. Furthermore, blocking CXCR4 with AMD3100 effectively suppressed the SDF-1α-induced migration and differentiation capacities of NPSCs.
CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that SDF-1α has the potential to enhance recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs via SDF-1/CXCR4 chemotaxis signals that contribute to IVD regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Ying
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tian-Yong Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shi-Shen Pei
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ling-Hao Su
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Di-Ke Ruan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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136
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Chiang KC, Huang ST, Wu RC, Huang SC, Yeh TS, Chen MH, Hsu JT, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Chueh HY, Juang HH, Hung SI, Yeh CN, Pang JHS. Interferon α-inducible protein 27 is an oncogene and highly expressed in cholangiocarcinoma patients with poor survival. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1893-1905. [PMID: 30881116 PMCID: PMC6400119 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s196485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease. Interferon α-inducible protein 27 (IFI27), originally known to involve in innate immunity, is later found to intervene in cell proliferation, leading to inventive studies regarding the role of IFI27 in cancer treatment. We aimed to investigate the role of IFI27 in CCA. Materials and methods Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays, Western blot, gene transfection and knockdown, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical stains, and xenograft animal model were applied. Results IFI27 knockdown in CCA cells induced cell cycle arrest in S phase, resulting in lower cell proliferative rate in vitro and in vivo. IFI27 knockdown attenuated CCA cell migration and invasion through inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which was supported by increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and fibronectin. Filamentous actin level was also reduced. IFI27 knockdown further repressed expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), a strong stimulator of angiogenesis, through downregulation of c-jun and c-fos, which was supported in vitro by the finding that human vascular endothelial cells grew more slowly in conditioned medium of IFI27 knockdown on CCA cells and in vivo by the lower erythropoietin concentration found in the xenografted tumors derived from IFI27 knockdown on CCA cells. In addition, anti-VEGF-A antibody treatment was able to repress CCA cell growth. To the contrary, IFI27 overexpression could increase CCA cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Clinically, higher IFI27 expression was linked to inferior overall survival of CCA patients. Conclusion Our data strongly suggest that IFI27 could be deemed as a potential target for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung, Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC,
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC,
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ho-Yen Chueh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shuen-Iu Hung
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC,
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC, .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkow, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC,
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137
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Active Prestress Leads to an Apparent Stiffening of Cells through Geometrical Effects. Biophys J 2019; 114:419-424. [PMID: 29401439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuning of active prestress, e.g., through activity of molecular motors, constitutes a powerful cellular tool to adjust cellular stiffness through nonlinear material properties. Understanding this tool is an important prerequisite for our comprehension of cellular force response, cell shape dynamics, and tissue organization. Experimental data obtained from cell-mechanical measurements often show a simple linear dependence between mechanical prestress and measured differential elastic moduli. Although these experimental findings could point to stress-induced structural changes in the material, we propose a surprisingly simple alternative explanation in a theoretical study. We show how geometrical effects can give rise to increased cellular force response of cells in the presence of active prestress. The associated effective stress-stiffening is disconnected from actual stress-induced changes of the elastic modulus, and should therefore be regarded as an apparent stiffening of the material. We argue that new approaches in experimental design are necessary to separate this apparent stress-stiffening due to geometrical effects from actual nonlinearities of the elastic modulus in prestressed cellular material.
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138
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Gurmessa BJ, Bitten N, Nguyen DT, Saleh OA, Ross JL, Das M, Robertson-Anderson RM. Triggered disassembly and reassembly of actin networks induces rigidity phase transitions. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:1335-1344. [PMID: 30543255 PMCID: PMC6486790 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01912f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-equilibrium soft materials, such as networks of actin proteins, have been intensely investigated over the past decade due to their promise for designing smart materials and understanding cell mechanics. However, current methods are unable to measure the time-dependent mechanics of such systems or map mechanics to the corresponding dynamic macromolecular properties. Here, we present an experimental approach that combines time-resolved optical tweezers microrheology with diffusion-controlled microfluidics to measure the time-evolution of microscale mechanical properties of dynamic systems during triggered activity. We use these methods to measure the viscoelastic moduli of entangled and crosslinked actin networks during chemically-triggered depolymerization and repolymerization of actin filaments. During disassembly, we find that the moduli exhibit two distinct exponential decays, with experimental time constants of ∼169 min and ∼47 min. Conversely, during reassembly, measured moduli initially exhibit power-law increase with time, after which steady-state values are achieved. We develop toy mathematical models that couple the time-evolution of filament lengths with rigidity percolation theory to shed light onto the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed mechanical transitions. The models suggest that these two distinct behaviors both arise from phase transitions between a rigidly percolated network and a non-rigid regime. Our approach and collective results can inform the general principles underlying the mechanics of a large class of dynamic, non-equilibrium systems and materials of current interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekele J Gurmessa
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, USA.
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139
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Yeh CN, Wu RC, Cheng CT, Tsai CY, Chang YR, Yeh TS, Wu TH, Lee WC, Chiang KC. HO-1 is a favorable prognostic factor for HBV-HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6049-6059. [PMID: 30538554 PMCID: PMC6252782 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s186931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More than 500,000 people suffered from hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) annually and the relative incidence to mortality rate indicates its unfavorable prognosis. Several studies have proved that heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is indirectly engaged in the invasion and the metastasis of some types of malignancies, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. The role of HO-1 in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC is still not clarified. Materials and methods The Western blot, doubling time, cell cycle analysis, migration assay, invasion assay, gene transfection, xenograft animal model, immunohistochemistry staining, and clinical validation study were applied in this study. Results HO-1 overexpression not only decreased the growth but also inhibited the migration and invasion in human HBV-HCC cells (Hep-3B vs PLC/PRF/5). The inhibitory effect on growth, migration, and invasion is further demonstrated by the overexpression of HO-1 in Hep-3B cell by transfection study. Furthermore, HO-1 decreasing the growth of HBV-HCC was confirmed in animal study. The clinical validation illustrated that higher HO1 expression was also associated with favorable disease-free survival of HBV-HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy. Conclusions We identified HO-1 as a favorable prognostic factor for HBV-HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Chun-Yi Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Yau-Ren Chang
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Tsung-Han Wu
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan,
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan,
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140
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Yeoman BM, Katira P. A stochastic algorithm for accurately predicting path persistence of cells migrating in 3D matrix environments. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207216. [PMID: 30440015 PMCID: PMC6237354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell mobility plays a critical role in immune response, wound healing, and the rate of cancer metastasis and tumor progression. Mobility within a three-dimensional (3D) matrix environment can be characterized by the average velocity of cell migration and the persistence length of the path it follows. Computational models that aim to predict cell migration within such 3D environments need to be able predict both of these properties as a function of the various cellular and extra-cellular factors that influence the migration process. A large number of models have been developed to predict the velocity of cell migration driven by cellular protrusions in 3D environments. However, prediction of the persistence of a cell's path is a more tedious matter, as it requires simulating cells for a long time while they migrate through the model extra-cellular matrix (ECM). This can be a computationally expensive process, and only recently have there been attempts to quantify cell persistence as a function of key cellular or matrix properties. Here, we propose a new stochastic algorithm that can simulate and analyze 3D cell migration occurring over days with a computation time of minutes, opening new possibilities of testing and predicting long-term cell migration behavior as a function of a large variety of cell and matrix properties. In this model, the matrix elements are generated as needed and stochastically based on the biophysical and biochemical properties of the ECM the cell migrates through. This approach significantly reduces the computational resources required to track and calculate cell matrix interactions. Using this algorithm, we predict the effect of various cellular and matrix properties such as cell polarity, cell mechanoactivity, matrix fiber density, matrix stiffness, fiber alignment, and fiber binding site density on path persistence of cellular migration and the mean squared displacement of cells over long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Michael Yeoman
- Mechanical Engineering Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Parag Katira
- Mechanical Engineering Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
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141
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Naganathan SR, Fürthauer S, Rodriguez J, Fievet BT, Jülicher F, Ahringer J, Cannistraci CV, Grill SW. Morphogenetic degeneracies in the actomyosin cortex. eLife 2018; 7:37677. [PMID: 30346273 PMCID: PMC6226289 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the great challenges in biology is to understand the mechanisms by which morphogenetic processes arise from molecular activities. We investigated this problem in the context of actomyosin-based cortical flow in C. elegans zygotes, where large-scale flows emerge from the collective action of actomyosin filaments and actin binding proteins (ABPs). Large-scale flow dynamics can be captured by active gel theory by considering force balances and conservation laws in the actomyosin cortex. However, which molecular activities contribute to flow dynamics and large-scale physical properties such as viscosity and active torque is largely unknown. By performing a candidate RNAi screen of ABPs and actomyosin regulators we demonstrate that perturbing distinct molecular processes can lead to similar flow phenotypes. This is indicative for a ‘morphogenetic degeneracy’ where multiple molecular processes contribute to the same large-scale physical property. We speculate that morphogenetic degeneracies contribute to the robustness of bulk biological matter in development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Fürthauer
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, United States
| | - Josana Rodriguez
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Thomas Fievet
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Jülicher
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julie Ahringer
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci
- BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Brain Bio-Inspired Computing (BBC) Lab, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| | - Stephan W Grill
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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142
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Sales A, Picart C, Kemkemer R. Age-dependent migratory behavior of human endothelial cells revealed by substrate microtopography. Exp Cell Res 2018; 374:1-11. [PMID: 30342990 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is part of many important in vivo biological processes and is influenced by chemical and physical factors such as substrate topography. Although the migratory behavior of different cell types on structured substrates has already been investigated, up to date it is largely unknown if specimen's age affects cell migration on structures. In this work, we investigated age-dependent migratory behavior of human endothelial cells from young (≤ 31 years old) and old (≥ 60 years old) donors on poly(dimethylsiloxane) microstructured substrates consisting of well-defined parallel grooves. We observed a decrease in cell migration velocity in all substrate conditions and in persistence length perpendicular to the grooves in cells from old donors. Nevertheless, in comparison to young cells, old cells exhibited a higher cell directionality along grooves of certain depths and a higher persistence time. We also found a systematic decrease of donor age-dependent responses of cell protrusions in orientation, velocity and length, all of them decreased in old cells. These observations lead us to hypothesize a possible impairment of actin cytoskeleton network and affected actin polymerization and steering systems, caused by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Sales
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Catherine Picart
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5628, Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique, Institute of Technology, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Ralf Kemkemer
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Heidelberg, Germany; Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany.
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143
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Ren J, Zou Q. Modeling of Soft Sample Deformation in Atomic Force Microscope Imaging: Live Mammalian Cell Example. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Qingze Zou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Rutgers University Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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144
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Nötzel M, Rosso G, Möllmert S, Seifert A, Schlüßler R, Kim K, Hermann A, Guck J. Axonal Transport, Phase-Separated Compartments, and Neuron Mechanics - A New Approach to Investigate Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:358. [PMID: 30356682 PMCID: PMC6189317 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases have been revealed. However, it is unclear what role a putatively impaired neuronal transport with respect to altered mechanical properties of neurons play in the initiation and progression of such diseases. The biochemical aspects of intracellular axonal transport, which is important for molecular movements through the cytoplasm, e.g., mitochondrial movement, has already been studied. Interestingly, transport deficiencies are associated with the emergence of the affliction and potentially linked to disease transmission. Transport along the axon depends on the normal function of the neuronal cytoskeleton, which is also a major contributor to neuronal mechanical properties. By contrast, little attention has been paid to the mechanical properties of neurons and axons impaired by neurodegeneration, and of membraneless, phase-separated organelles such as stress granules (SGs) within neurons. Mechanical changes may indicate cytoskeleton reorganization and function, and thus give information about the transport and other system impairment. Nowadays, several techniques to investigate cellular mechanical properties are available. In this review, we discuss how select biophysical methods to probe material properties could contribute to the general understanding of mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nötzel
- Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie Möllmert
- Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Seifert
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - Raimund Schlüßler
- Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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145
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The Mechanobiology of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Stem Cells during Differentiation and Interaction with Biomaterials. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2891957. [PMID: 30402108 PMCID: PMC6196919 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2891957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the cytoskeleton's importance in stem cells is essential for their manipulation and further clinical application. The cytoskeleton is crucial in stem cell biology and depends on physical and chemicals signals to define its structure. Additionally, cell culture conditions will be important in the proper maintenance of stemness, lineage commitment, and differentiation. This review focuses on the following areas: the role of the actin cytoskeleton of stem cells during differentiation, the significance of cellular morphology, signaling pathways involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement in stem cells, and the mechanobiology and mechanotransduction processes implicated in the interactions of stem cells with different surfaces of biomaterials, such as nanotopography, which is a physical cue influencing the differentiation of stem cells. Also, cancer stem cells are included since it is necessary to understand the role of their mechanical properties to develop new strategies to treat cancer. In this context, to study the stem cells requires integrated disciplines, including molecular and cellular biology, chemistry, physics, and immunology, as well as mechanobiology. Finally, since one of the purposes of studying stem cells is for their application in regenerative medicine, the deepest understanding is necessary in order to establish safety protocols and effective cell-based therapies.
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146
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Hu J, Zhou Y, Obayemi JD, Du J, Soboyejo WO. An investigation of the viscoelastic properties and the actin cytoskeletal structure of triple negative breast cancer cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 86:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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147
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Ricketts SN, Ross JL, Robertson-Anderson RM. Co-Entangled Actin-Microtubule Composites Exhibit Tunable Stiffness and Power-Law Stress Relaxation. Biophys J 2018; 115:1055-1067. [PMID: 30177441 PMCID: PMC6139891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We use optical tweezers microrheology and fluorescence microscopy to characterize the nonlinear mesoscale mechanics and mobility of in vitro co-entangled actin-microtubule composites. We create a suite of randomly oriented, well-mixed networks of actin and microtubules by co-polymerizing varying ratios of actin and tubulin in situ. To perturb each composite far from equilibrium, we use optical tweezers to displace an embedded microsphere a distance greater than the lengths of the filaments at a speed much faster than their intrinsic relaxation rates. We simultaneously measure the force the filaments exert on the bead and the subsequent force relaxation. We find that the presence of a large fraction of microtubules (>0.7) is needed to substantially increase the measured force, which is accompanied by large heterogeneities in force response. Actin minimizes these heterogeneities by reducing the mesh size of the composites and supporting microtubules against buckling. Composites also undergo a sharp transition from strain softening to stiffening when the fraction of microtubules (ϕT) exceeds 0.5, which we show arises from faster poroelastic relaxation and suppressed actin bending fluctuations. The force after bead displacement relaxes via power-law decay after an initial period of minimal relaxation. The short-time relaxation profiles (t < 0.06 s) arise from poroelastic and bending contributions, whereas the long-time power-law relaxation is indicative of filaments reptating out of deformed entanglement constraints. The scaling exponents for the long-time relaxation exhibit a nonmonotonic dependence on ϕT, reaching a maximum for equimolar composites (ϕT = 0.5), suggesting that reptation is fastest in ϕT = 0.5 composites. Corresponding mobility measurements of steady-state actin and microtubules show that both filaments are indeed the most mobile in ϕT = 0.5 composites. This nonmonotonic dependence of mobility on ϕT demonstrates the important interplay between mesh size and filament rigidity in polymer networks and highlights the surprising emergent properties that can arise in composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea N Ricketts
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Jennifer L Ross
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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148
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Wang N, Zhang M, Chang Y, Niu N, Guan Y, Ye M, Li C, Tang J. Directly observing alterations of morphology and mechanical properties of living cancer cells with atomic force microscopy. Talanta 2018; 191:461-468. [PMID: 30262086 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process during which cells lose their characteristic structure and biochemical properties then adopt typical features of a mesenchymal phenotype. Alterations in the morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of cells during EMT are associated with a series of pathological processes. In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used for investigating effects of TGF-β1 on morphology and mechanical properties of living bladder cancer cells (T24) during EMT for the first time. High-resolution topography and Young's modulus images of T24 living cell are obtained simultaneously. The results show that TGF-β1 is able to induce EMT, leading to the increased F-actin stress fibers and much higher Young's modulus values of T24 living cells. It reveals that the cytoskeletal-associated cell architecture is closely related to the mechanical dynamics of T24 cells during EMT. This work provides new insights into the changes of cell morphology and mechanical properties during EMT. It enables us to gain a deeper understanding of the growth, development and metastasis of the bladder cancer cell therefore it is of great significance for studying the pathological mechanism of cells at single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Niu Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yanxue Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ming Ye
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Jilin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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149
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Shanmuganathan S, Angayarkanni N. Chebulagic acid and Chebulinic acid inhibit TGF-β1 induced fibrotic changes in the chorio-retinal endothelial cells by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. Microvasc Res 2018; 121:14-23. [PMID: 30189210 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic and pro-fibrotic environment during the various stages of the disease progression. Basement membrane changes in the retina and formation of fibrovascular membrane are characteristically seen in DR. In the present study the effect of Alcoholic (AlE) extracts of Triphala an ayurvedic herbal formulation and its chief compounds, Chebulagic (CA), Chebulinic (CI) and Gallic acid (GA) were evaluated for TGFβ1-induced anti-fibrotic activity in choroid-retinal endothelial cells (RF/6A). METHOD RF/6A cells were treated with TGFβ1 alone or co-treated with AlE, CA, CI or GA. The mRNA and protein expression of fibrotic markers (αSMA, CTGF) were assessed by qPCR and western blot/ELISA. Functional changes were assessed using proliferation assay and migration assay. To deduce the mechanism of action, downstream signaling was assessed by western blot analysis along with in silico docking studies. RESULT AlE (50 μg/ml) CA and CI at 10 μM reduced the expression of pro-fibrotic genes (αSMA and CTGF) induced by TGFβ1, by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. GA did not inhibit TGFβ1 mediated changes in RF/6A cells. In silico experiments shows that CA and CI has favourable binding energy to bind with TGFβ receptor and inhibit the downstream signaling, while GA did not. CONCLUSION Hence this study identifies Triphala and its chief compounds CA and CI as potential adjuvants in the management of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankar Shanmuganathan
- R.S Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Narayanasamy Angayarkanni
- R.S Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, India.
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150
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Parandakh A, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M, Ardeshirylajimi A, Khojasteh A, Khani MM. The effects of short-term uniaxial strain on the mechanical properties of mesenchymal stem cells upon TGF-β1 stimulation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:677-686. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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