101
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Szewczuk-Karpisz K, Wiśniewska M. Lysozyme as a flocculant-inducing agent improving the silica removal from aqueous solutions - A turbidimetric study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 226:187-193. [PMID: 30119043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the lysozyme (LSZ) adsorption impact on the silica suspension stability was established. In other words, the stabilization/destabilization mechanism of the SiO2/LSZ system was explained based on the adsorption, electrokinetic and stability measurement results. Lysozyme adsorbs on the silica surface in the whole pH range. This process contributes to the changes in silica surface charge and zeta potential values. The lysozyme addition influences the system stability too. At pH 7.6 and 9, a large decrease in the silica suspension stability was found. It is connected with the neutralization of solid negative charge by the positively charged macromolecules. As a result, large aggregates can be formed, which is highly desirable in the silica removal procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Wiśniewska
- Department of Radiochemistry and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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102
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Kolesnikov AV, Milyutina AD, Ladygina YS, Kolesnikov VA. Development of Electroflotation Technology for Extraction of Anionic Surfactants and Nonferrous Metal Ions from Wastewater Produced at Electroplating Industries. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427218070042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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103
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Safwat SM, Hamed A, Rozaik E. Electrocoagulation/electroflotation of real printing wastewater using copper electrodes: A comparative study with aluminum electrodes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1494744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safwat M. Safwat
- Sanitary & Environmental Engineering Division, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hamed
- Purchasing & Procurement Department, Rowad Modern Engineering, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab Rozaik
- Sanitary & Environmental Engineering Division, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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104
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Torres NH, Lima ÁS, Ferreira LFR, Oliveira JDA, Cavalcanti EB. TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM BIODIESEL GENERATION AND ITS TOXICITY EVALUATION BY Raphidocelis subcapitata. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180352s20170048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro Silva Lima
- Tiradentes University, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Brazil
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105
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Anwar Y. Antibacterial and lead ions adsorption characteristics of chitosan-manganese dioxide bionanocomposite. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1140-1145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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106
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Ammar SH, Akbar AS. Oilfield produced water treatment in internal-loop airlift reactor using electrocoagulation/flotation technique. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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107
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Mohamud AA, Çalışkan Y, Bektaş N, Yatmaz HC. Investigation of shipyard wastewater treatment using electrocoagulation process with Al electrodes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1449860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasemin Çalışkan
- Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Nihal Bektaş
- Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - H. Cengiz Yatmaz
- Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
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108
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Selvaraj R, Santhanam M, Selvamani V, Sundaramoorthy S, Sundaram M. A membrane electroflotation process for recovery of recyclable chromium(III) from tannery spent liquor effluent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 346:133-139. [PMID: 29253752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A two-compartment membrane electroflotation reactor has been demonstrated for recovery of recyclable chromium(III) from tannery spent liquor effluent. Dimensionally stable RuO2/TiO2-Ti and Ti were used as anode and cathode, respectively. The spent liquor effluent was used as catholyte and 0.01 N H2SO4 used as anolyte which was separated by Nafion 117 membrane. About 98% of chromium(III) was recovered and the removal efficiency correlated with the presence of organics in the effluent. The advantage of two-compartment membrane electroflotation process is capable of removing chromium(III) without oxidising it into chromium(VI) in chloride containing tannery spent liquor effluent. The mechanism of chromium(III) removal has been discussed. The recovered Cr(OH)3 was successfully demonstrated for tanning of cowhide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Selvaraj
- Corrosion and Material Protection Division, CSIR - Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR - CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 006, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - CECRI, Karaikudi, 630 006, India.
| | - Manikandan Santhanam
- Corrosion and Material Protection Division, CSIR - Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR - CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 006, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - CECRI, Karaikudi, 630 006, India
| | - Vidhya Selvamani
- Corrosion and Material Protection Division, CSIR - Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR - CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 006, India
| | - Sundarapandiyan Sundaramoorthy
- Regional Centre for Extension and Development (RCED) - Kanpur, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR - CLRI), Chennai, 600 020, India
| | - Maruthamuthu Sundaram
- Corrosion and Material Protection Division, CSIR - Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR - CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 006, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - CECRI, Karaikudi, 630 006, India
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109
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Dong Y, Qu Y, Li C, Han X, Ambuchi JJ, Liu J, Yu Y, Feng Y. Simultaneous algae-polluted water treatment and electricity generation using a biocathode-coupled electrocoagulation cell (bio-ECC). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 340:104-112. [PMID: 28715734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
How to utilize electrocoagulation (EC) technology for algae-polluted water treatment in an energy-efficient manner remains a critical challenge for its widespread application. Herein, a novel biocathode-coupled electrocoagulation cell (bio-ECC) with sacrificial iron anode and nitrifying biocathode was developed. Under different solution conductivities (2.33±0.25mScm-1 and 4.94±0.55mScm-1), the bio-ECC achieved almost complete removal of algae cells. The maximum power densities of 8.41 and 11.33Wm-3 at corresponding current densities of 48.03Am-3 and 66.26Am-3 were obtained, with the positive energy balance of 4.52 and 7.44Wm-3. In addition, the bio-ECC exhibited excellent NH4+-N removal performance with the nitrogen removal rates of 7.28mgL-1h-1 and 6.77mgL-1h-1 in cathode chamber, indicating the superiority of bio-ECC in NH4+-N removal. Pyrosequencing revealed that nitrifiers including Nitrospira, Nitrobacter, Nitrosococcus, and Nitrosomonas were enriched in biocathode. The removal mechanisms of algae in anode chamber were also explored by AFM and SEM-EDX tests. These results provide a proof-of-concept study of transferring energy-intensive EC process into an energy-neutral process with high-efficiency algae removal and electricity recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Youpeng Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 2 Yikuang Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - John J Ambuchi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
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110
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Hakizimana JN, Najid N, Gourich B, Vial C, Stiriba Y, Naja J. Hybrid electrocoagulation/electroflotation/electrodisinfection process as a pretreatment for seawater desalination. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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111
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Saitoh T, Shibata K, Fujimori K, Ohtani Y. Rapid removal of tetracycline antibiotics from water by coagulation-flotation of sodium dodecyl sulfate and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) in the presence of Al(III) ions. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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112
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Microalgae biorefineries: The Brazilian scenario in perspective. N Biotechnol 2017; 39:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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113
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Garcia-Segura S, Eiband MMS, de Melo JV, Martínez-Huitle CA. Electrocoagulation and advanced electrocoagulation processes: A general review about the fundamentals, emerging applications and its association with other technologies. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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114
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Treatment of hydrocyanic galvanic effluent by electrocoagulation: Optimization of operating parameters using statistical techniques and a coupled polarity inverter. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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115
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Erabee IK, Ahsan A, Jose B, Arunkumar T, Sathyamurthy R, Idrus S, Daud NNN. Effects of electric potential, NaCl, pH and distance between electrodes on efficiency of electrolysis in landfill leachate treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:735-741. [PMID: 28471297 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1303309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different parameters on the removal efficiencies of organic and inorganic pollutants in landfill leachate treatment by electrolysis. Different parameters were considered such as the electric potential (e.g., 24, 40 and 60 V), hydraulic retention time (HRT) (e.g., 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min), sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration (e.g., 1, 3, 5 and 7%), pH (e.g., 3, 7 and 9), electrodes materials [e.g., aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe)] and distance between electrodes (e.g., 1, 2 and 3 cm). The best operational condition of electrolysis was then recommended. The electric potential of 60 V with HRT of 120 min at 5% of NaCl solution using Al as anode and Fe as cathode (kept at a distance of 3 cm) was the most efficient condition which increased the removal efficiencies of various parameters such as turbidity, salinity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and heavy metals (e.g., Zn and Mn). The higher removal percentages of many parameters, especially COD (94%) and Mn (93%) indicated that the electrolysis is an efficient technique for multi-pollutants (e.g., organic, inorganic and heavy metals) removal from the landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal K Erabee
- a Department of Civil Engineering , University Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
- b Department of Civil Engineering , University of Thi-Qar , Nasiriyah , Iraq
| | - Amimul Ahsan
- a Department of Civil Engineering , University Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
- c Housing Research Centre , and Institute of Advanced Technology, University Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Bipin Jose
- d Department of Civil Engineering , National Institute of Technology Karnataka , Surathkal, Mangalore , India
| | - T Arunkumar
- e Institute for Energy Studies, Anna University , Chennai , India
| | - R Sathyamurthy
- f Department of Mechanical Engineering , S.A. Engineering College , Chennai , India
| | - Syazwani Idrus
- a Department of Civil Engineering , University Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - N N Nik Daud
- a Department of Civil Engineering , University Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
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116
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Lu J, Wang Z, Ma X, Tang Q, Li Y. Modeling of the electrocoagulation process: A study on the mass transfer of electrolysis and hydrolysis products. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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117
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Shi W, Zhu L, Chen Q, Lu J, Pan G, Hu L, Yi Q. Synergy of flocculation and flotation for microalgae harvesting using aluminium electrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:127-133. [PMID: 28260663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are often used as feedstock for renewable biofuel production and as pollutant up-takers for wastewater treatment; however, biomass harvesting still remains a challenge in field applications. In this study, electro-flocculation using aluminium electrolysis was tested as a method to collect Chlorella vulgaris. The electrolysis products were positively charged over a wide pH range below 9.5, which gave them a flocculation potential for negatively charged microalgae. As flocculants were in-situ generated and gradually released, microalgae flocs formed in a snowballing mode, resulting in the compaction of large flocs. When higher current density was applied, microalgae could be harvested more rapidly, although there was a trade-off between a higher energy use and more residual aluminium in the culture medium. Benefits of this flocculation method are twofold: the phosphate decrease in post-harvesting could improve nutrient removal in microalgae based wastewater treatment, while the ammonium increase may favor microalgae recovery for medium recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Shi
- CEER, Nanjing Hydraulics Research Institute, Guangzhoulu 223, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- NIGLAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijingdonglu 73, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qiuwen Chen
- CEER, Nanjing Hydraulics Research Institute, Guangzhoulu 223, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Ji Lu
- Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Co., Ltd., Shijichengzhonglu 1, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Gang Pan
- RCEES, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqinglu 18, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liuming Hu
- CEER, Nanjing Hydraulics Research Institute, Guangzhoulu 223, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qitao Yi
- CEER, Nanjing Hydraulics Research Institute, Guangzhoulu 223, Nanjing 210029, China
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118
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Moosavirad SM. Treatment and operation cost analysis of greywater by electrocoagulation and comparison with coagulation process in mining areas. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1274761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Moosavirad
- Department of Mining Engineering, Higher Education Complex of Zarand, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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119
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López A, Valero D, García-Cruz L, Sáez A, García-García V, Expósito E, Montiel V. Characterization of a new cartridge type electrocoagulation reactor (CTECR) using a three-dimensional steel wool anode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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120
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Bu L, Zhou S, Shi Z, Bi C, Zhu S, Gao N. Iron electrode as efficient persulfate activator for oxcarbazepine degradation: Performance, mechanism, and kinetic modeling. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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121
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Carrero-Parreño A, Onishi VC, Salcedo-Díaz R, Ruiz-Femenia R, Fraga ES, Caballero JA, Reyes-Labarta JA. Optimal Pretreatment System of Flowback Water from Shale Gas Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eric S. Fraga
- Centre
for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
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122
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Muñoz M, Llanos J, Raschitor A, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Electrocoagulation as the Key for an Efficient Concentration and Removal of Oxyfluorfen from Liquid Wastes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín Muñoz
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Alexandra Raschitor
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Enrique Costa Novella Building,
Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain
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123
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Enhanced efficiency in HA removal by electrocoagulation through optimizing flocs properties: Role of current density and pH. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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124
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Etim EU. Lead Removal from Contaminated Shooting Range Soil using Acetic Acid Potassium Chloride Washing Solutions and Electrochemical Reduction. J Health Pollut 2017; 7:22-31. [PMID: 30524811 PMCID: PMC6236526 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-7-13.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleanup of soils contaminated with toxic metals is a difficult task due to the method inefficiency and the destructive nature of clean-up techniques on soil ecosystems. OBJECTIVES This study was performed to improve the removal efficiency of an acetic acid washing solution for the removal of lead (Pb) from soil. Acetic acid was used in combination with different concentrations of potassium chloride. In order to maximize the removal of Pb from the leachate, different electrode combinations were applied to the washing solutions. METHODS Acetic acid/potassium chloride washing solutions and electrochemical reduction were applied to lead-contaminated soil obtained from an impact berm of a major military shooting range in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. The soil was subjected to 5% acetic acid/5% potassium chloride (KCL) and 5% acetic acid/10% KCL solutions in an ex-situ batch experiment. The leachate was electrochemically reduced using 12 volt direct current with a current of 7 amps and 2.5 amps, with aluminum (Al)-Al, iron (Fe)-Fe, Al-Fe and Fe-Al electrodes. RESULTS The 5% acetic acid/5% KCL proved more efficient for Pb removal in soil with values ranging from 74.9% to 86.9% for 3% soil pulp densities with one washing time of 6 hours. Removal efficiency of Pb from the contaminated soil significantly decreased as the soil pulp density increased. The Al-Al and Al-Fe bipolar electrode combinations showed better removal efficiency of Pb from the leachates with values of 93.7% and 95.6% for 7 amps and 94.5% and 97.3% for 2.5 amps, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combined 5% acetic acid and 5% potassium chloride washing solution enhances the removal efficiency of Pb in soil and poses less risk to the soil ecosystem and the environment in general.
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125
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Azimi A, Azari A, Rezakazemi M, Ansarpour M. Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewaters: A Review. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Azimi
- Persian Gulf University; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering; 7516913817 Bushehr Iran
| | - Ahmad Azari
- Persian Gulf University; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering; 7516913817 Bushehr Iran
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- Shahrood University of Technology; Department of Chemical Engineering; 3619995161 Shahrood Iran
| | - Meisam Ansarpour
- Persian Gulf University; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering; 7516913817 Bushehr Iran
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126
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Maarof HI, Daud WMAW, Aroua MK. Recent trends in removal and recovery of heavy metals from wastewater by electrochemical technologies. REV CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHeavy metal-laden water and wastewater pose a threat to biodiversity, including human health. Contaminated wastewater can be treated with several separation and purification methods. Among them, electrochemical treatment is a notable clean technology, versatile and environmentally compatible for the removal and recovery of inorganic pollutants from water and wastewater. Electrochemical technology provides solution for the recovery of metals in their most valuable state. This paper analyses the most recent electrochemical approaches for the removal and recovery of metal ions. Various current works involving cell design and electrode development were addressed in distinguished electrochemical processes, namely, electrodeposition, electrocoagulation, electroflotation, and electrosorption. Cathodic reduction of metal ions has been proven in result to metal deposit on the metal, metal oxide, stainless steel, and graphite electrode. However, little progress has been made toward electrode modification, particularly the cathode for the purpose of cathodic reduction and deposition. Meanwhile, emerging advanced materials, such as ionic liquids, have been presented to be prominent to the technological advancement of electrode modifications. It has been projected that by integrating different priorities into the design approach for electrochemical reactors and recent electrode developments, several insights can be obtained that will contribute toward the enhancement of the electrochemical process performance for the effective removal and recovery of heavy metals from water and wastewater in the near future.
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127
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Ates H, Dizge N, Yatmaz HC. Combined process of electrocoagulation and photocatalytic degradation for the treatment of olive washing wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:141-154. [PMID: 28067654 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an electrocoagulation reactor (ECR) and photocatalytic reactor (PCR) were tested to understand the performance of combined electrocoagulation and photocatalytic-degradation of olive washing wastewater (OWW). The effects of initial pH (6.0, 6.9, 8.0, 9.0), applied voltage (10.0, 12.5, 15.0 V), and operating time (30, 60, 90, 120 min) were investigated in the electrocoagulation reactor when aluminum electrodes were used as both anode and cathode. The pH, conductivity, color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and phenol were measured versus time to determine the efficiency of the ECR and PCR process. It was observed that electrocoagulation as a single treatment process supplied the COD removal of 62.5%, color removal of 98.1%, and total phenol removal of 87% at optimum conditions as pH 6.9, applied voltage of 12.5 V, and operating time of 120 min. Moreover, final pH and conductivity were 7.7 and 980 μS/cm, respectively. On the other hand, the effect of semiconductor catalyst type (TiO2 and ZnO) and loading (1, 2, 3 g/L) were tested using PCR as a stand-alone technique. It was found that photocatalytic degradation as a single treatment process when using 1 g/L ZnO achieved the COD removal of 46%, color removal of 99% with a total phenol removal of 41% at optimum conditions. Final pH and conductivity were 6.2 and 915 μS/cm, respectively. Among semiconductor catalysts, TiO2 and ZnO performed identical efficiencies for both COD and total phenol removal. Moreover, combination in which electrochemical degradation was employed as a pre-treatment to the photocatalytic degradation process obtained high COD removal of 88% and total phenol, as well as color removal of 100% for the OWW. The electrochemical treatment alone was not effective, but in combination with the photocatalytic process, led to a high-quality effluent. Finally, sludge collected from the electrocoagulation process was characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared and X-ray powder diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ates
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, 33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, 33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey E-mail:
| | - H Cengiz Yatmaz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Chakchouk I, Elloumi N, Belaid C, Mseddi S, Chaari L, Kallel M. A COMBINED ELECTROCOAGULATION-ELECTROOXIDATION TREATMENT FOR DAIRY WASTEWATER. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20170341s20150040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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129
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Removal of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn Present in Aqueous Solution Using Coupled Electrocoagulation-Phytoremediation Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/7681451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the results of a coupled electrocoagulation-phytoremediation treatment for the reduction of copper, cadmium, lead, and zinc, present in aqueous solution. The electrocoagulation was carried out in a batch reactor using aluminum electrodes in parallel arrangement; the optimal conditions were current density of 8 mA/cm2 and operating time of 180 minutes. For phytoremediation the macrophytes, Typha latifolia L., were used during seven days of treatment. The results indicated that the coupled treatment reduced metal concentrations by 99.2% Cu, 81.3% Cd, and 99.4% Pb, while Zn increased due to the natural concentrations of the plant used.
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130
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Borea L, Naddeo V, Belgiorno V. Application of electrochemical processes to membrane bioreactors for improving nutrient removal and fouling control. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:321-333. [PMID: 27718113 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is becoming increasingly popular as wastewater treatment due to the unique advantages it offers. However, membrane fouling is being given a great deal of attention so as to improve the performance of this type of technology. Recent studies have proven that the application of electrochemical processes to MBR represents a promising technological approach for membrane fouling control. In this work, two intermittent voltage gradients of 1 and 3 V/cm were applied between two cylindrical perforated electrodes, immersed around a membrane module, at laboratory scale with the aim of investigating the treatment performance and membrane fouling formation. For comparison purposes, the reactor also operated as a conventional MBR. Mechanisms of nutrient removal were studied and membrane fouling formation evaluated in terms of transmembrane pressure variation over time and sludge relative hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the impact of electrochemical processes on transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP), proposed as a new membrane fouling precursor, was investigated in addition to conventional fouling precursors such as bound extracellular polymeric substances (bEPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP). All the results indicate that the integration of electrochemical processes into a MBR has the advantage of improving the treatment performance especially in terms of nutrient removal, with an enhancement of orthophosphate (PO4-P) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) removal efficiencies up to 96.06 and 69.34 %, respectively. A reduction of membrane fouling was also observed with an increase of floc hydrophobicity to 71.72 %, a decrease of membrane fouling precursor concentrations, and, thus, of membrane fouling rates up to 54.33 %. The relationship found between TEP concentration and membrane fouling rate after the application of electrochemical processes confirms the applicability of this parameter as a new membrane fouling indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Borea
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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131
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Genc A, Bakirci B. Destabilization and Treatment of Emulsified Oils in Wastewaters by Electrocoagulation. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2016; 88:2008-2014. [PMID: 28661320 DOI: 10.2175/106143016x14733681695203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the optimum operating conditions for the treatment of emulsified oils by electrocoagulation were determined depending on droplet stability analysis. Zeta potential measurements were used as the indication of oil droplet charges. In addition, the effects of pH and ionic conductivity on the droplet sizes and surface charges were investigated. The studied emulsified oil droplet sizes were more sensitive to changes in pH rather than salt concentration. The droplets became larger and unstable in alkaline conditions. As the initial pH of wastewaters increased, the oil removal efficiency increased during the electrocoagulation experiments as well. The use of iron or aluminum electrodes resulted in higher removal efficiencies in comparison to stainless steel electrodes. In addition, the energy consumption for aluminum electrodes was much lower than iron electrodes. To obtain 98% oil removal efficiency, distance between the electrodes was recommended to be less than or equal to 1 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Genc
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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132
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Phalakornkule C, Luanwuthi T, Neragae P, Moore EJ. A continuous-flow sparged packed-bed electrocoagulator for dye decolorization. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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133
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Chen R, Liu Y, Liao W. Using an environmentally friendly process combining electrocoagulation and algal cultivation to treat high-strength wastewater. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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134
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135
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Wiley PE, Trent JD. Clarification of algae-laden water using electrochemical processes. WATER SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, WATER SUPPLY 2016; 16:314-323. [PMID: 33414697 PMCID: PMC7786832 DOI: 10.2166/ws.2015.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Algae contamination of surface water and drinking water supplies is a significant problem particularly in rural areas. A decentralized inexpensive technology that would effectively remove algae from water would be beneficial. Electrocoagulation (EC) combined with electroflotation (EF) as a single process (ECF) is a promising algae harvesting technique with no moving parts that may be powered using a modest array of photovoltaic panels if a low power system can be developed. Here, an ECF system was constructed to study the energy required to remove algae from a simulated drinking water supply. Results from 18 ECF experiments indicated a >95% improvement of water clarity measured by optical density (OD750) could be achieved with as little energy as 1.25 kWh m-3. The key was to find the ideal combination of gas bubbles produced by EF (G) and coagulant from the EC relative to the concentration of suspended solids (S). The ideal gas to solids (G/S) ratio for the ECF system ranged from 0.09 to 0.17. In solutions containing chloride (Cl-) ions ECF produced chlorine gas which is known to contribute to disinfection. Results suggest that ECF can efficiently remove algae and simultaneously contribute to disinfecting contaminated drinking water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E. Wiley
- PERC Water Corporation, 959 South Coast Drive, Suite 315, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
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136
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137
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Vidal J, Villegas L, Peralta-Hernández JM, Salazar González R. Removal of Acid Black 194 dye from water by electrocoagulation with aluminum anode. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:289-296. [PMID: 26745322 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of an electrocoagulation process (EC) for the elimination of AB194 textile dye from synthetic and textile wastewater (effluent) contaminated with AB194 dye, was carried out using aluminum anodes at two different initial pH values. Tafel studies in the presence and absence of the dye were performed. The aluminum species formed during the electrolysis were quantified by atomic absorption, and the flocs formed in the process were analyzed by HPLC-MS. Complete removal of AB194 from 1.0 L of solution was achieved applying low densities current at initial pH values of 4.0 and 8.0. The removal of AB194 by EC was possible with a short electrolysis time, removing practically 100% of the total organic carbon content and chemical oxygen demand. The final result was completely discolored water lacking dye and organic matter. An effluent contaminated with 126 mg L(-1) AB194 dye from a Chilean textile industry was also treated by EC under optimized experimental conditions, yielding discolored water and considerably decreasing the presence of organic compounds (dye + dyeing additives), with very low concentrations of dissolved Al(3+). Analysis of flocs showed the presence of the original dye without changes in its chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vidal
- a Department of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, LEQMA, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology , Santiago , Chile
| | - Loreto Villegas
- b Department of Environmental Sciences , Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Santiago, University of Santiago of Chile, USACH , Correo , Santiago , Chile
| | - Juan M Peralta-Hernández
- c University of Guanajuato, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences , Department of Chemistry , Guanajuato , México
| | - Ricardo Salazar González
- a Department of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, LEQMA, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology , Santiago , Chile
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138
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Hu C, Wang S, Sun J, Liu H, Qu J. An effective method for improving electrocoagulation process: Optimization of Al 13 polymer formation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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139
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Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA, Sirés I, Scialdone O. Single and Coupled Electrochemical Processes and Reactors for the Abatement of Organic Water Pollutants: A Critical Review. Chem Rev 2015; 115:13362-407. [PMID: 26654466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional physicochemical and biological techniques, as well as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are often inadequate, ineffective, or expensive for industrial water reclamation. Within this context, the electrochemical technologies have found a niche where they can become dominant in the near future, especially for the abatement of biorefractory substances. In this critical review, some of the most promising electrochemical tools for the treatment of wastewater contaminated by organic pollutants are discussed in detail with the following goals: (1) to present the fundamental aspects of the selected processes; (2) to discuss the effect of both the main operating parameters and the reactor design on their performance; (3) to critically evaluate their advantages and disadvantages; and (4) to forecast the prospect of their utilization on an applicable scale by identifying the key points to be further investigated. The review is focused on the direct electrochemical oxidation, the indirect electrochemical oxidation mediated by electrogenerated active chlorine, and the coupling between anodic and cathodic processes. The last part of the review is devoted to the critical assessment of the reactors that can be used to put these technologies into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Av. Salgado Filho 3000 Campus Universitário Lagoa-Nova CEP 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Palermo 90128, Italy
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140
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Zhao H, Zhang D, Du P, Li H, Liu C, Li Y, Cao H, Crittenden JC, Huang Q. A combination of electro-enzymatic catalysis and electrocoagulation for the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 297:269-277. [PMID: 25978190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We in this study investigated a novel electrochemical approach combining electro-enzyme and electrocoagulation to precipitate bisphenol A (BPA) from water containing humic acid (HA). Horseradish peroxidase was immobilized on the graphite felt of Ti electrode as HRP-GF/Ti cathode, with aluminum plate anode establishing a pair of working electrodes. BPA was 100% removed and the reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) reached 95.1% after 20-min sequencing treatment with the current density of 2.3 mA/cm(2). Real wastewater (TOC=28.76 mg/L, BPA=4.1 μg/L) also can achieve 94% BPA removal and 52% TOC reduction after sequencing treatment. Additionally, coupled electro-system with continuous flow only required energy of 0.016 kWh/m(3) to achieve simultaneous 90% BPA and 85% TOC removal. As indicated in the time-of-flight mass spectrometry and FTIR spectra, the electro-enzymatic process not only oxidized BPA into dimer and BPA-3,4-quinone, but also greatly altered the chemical and structural features of HA, where hydrophilic moieties (phenolic and alcohols) transformed into hydrophobic forms (ethers, quinone and aliphatic). These polymerized products were effectively separated from aquous solution during anodic electrocoagulation, leading to significant removal of BPA and TOC. Thus, the coupled process may provide a faster and less energy strategy to control certain emerging contaminants in water/wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Penghui Du
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenming Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongbin Cao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Qingguo Huang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States.
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141
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Liu YJ, Lo SL, Liou YH, Hu CY. Removal of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by electrocoagulation–flotation with a cationic surfactant. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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142
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Azhdarpoor A, Nikmanesh R, Samaei MR. Removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions using waste iron columns inoculated with iron bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:2525-2531. [PMID: 25742571 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1025104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination of water resources is one of the serious risks threatening natural ecosystems and human health. This study investigates arsenic removal using a waste iron column with and without iron bacteria in continuous and batch phases. In batch experiments, the effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration of arsenic and adsorbent dose were investigated. Results indicated that the highest arsenate removal efficiency occurred at pH 7 (96.76%). On increasing the amount of waste iron from 0.25 to 1 g, the removal rate changed from about 42.37%-96.70%. The results of continuous experiments on the column containing waste iron showed that as the empty bed contact time increased from 5 to 60 min, the secondary arsenate concentration changed from 23 to 6 µg/l. In experiments involving a waste iron column with iron bacteria, an increase in residence time from 5 to 60 min decreased the secondary arsenate concentration from 14.97 to 4.86 µg/l. The results of this study showed that waste iron containing iron bacteria is a good adsorbent for removal of arsenic from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor
- a Department of Environmental Health , School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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143
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144
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Rani S, Sumanjit, Mahajan RK. Comparative study of surface modified carbonizedEichhornia crassipesfor adsorption of dye safranin. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2015.1061003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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145
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Sinha R, Mathur S, Brighu U. Aluminium removal from water after defluoridation with the electrocoagulation process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:2724-2731. [PMID: 25903166 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1043958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is the most electronegative element and has a strong affinity for aluminium. Owing to this fact, most of the techniques used for fluoride removal utilized aluminium compounds, which results in high concentrations of aluminium in treated water. In the present paper, a new approach is presented to meet the WHO guideline for residual aluminium concentration as 0.2 mg/L. In the present work, the electrocoagulation (EC) process was used for fluoride removal. It was found that aluminium content in water increases with an increase in the energy input. Therefore, experiments were optimized for a minimum energy input to achieve the target value (0.7 mg/L) of fluoride in resultant water. These optimized sets were used for further investigations of aluminium control. The experimental investigations revealed that use of bentonite clay as coagulant in clariflocculation brings down the aluminium concentration of water below the WHO guideline. Bentonite dose of 2 g/L was found to be the best for efficient removal of aluminium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sinha
- a Department of Civil Engineering , Malaviya National Institute of Technology , Jaipur 302017 , India
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- a Department of Civil Engineering , Malaviya National Institute of Technology , Jaipur 302017 , India
| | - Urmila Brighu
- a Department of Civil Engineering , Malaviya National Institute of Technology , Jaipur 302017 , India
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146
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Ardhan N, Ruttithiwapanich T, Songkasiri W, Phalakornkule C. Comparison of performance of continuous-flow and batch electrocoagulators: A case study for eliminating reactive blue 21 using iron electrodes. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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147
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Abbasi A, Moradpour T, Van Hecke K. A new 3D cobalt (II) metal–organic framework nanostructure for heavy metal adsorption. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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148
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Bazrafshan E, Alipour MR, Mahvi AH. Textile wastewater treatment by application of combined chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation, and adsorption processes. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2015.1027960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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149
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Symonds EM, Cook MM, McQuaig SM, Ulrich RM, Schenck RO, Lukasik JO, Van Vleet ES, Breitbart M. Reduction of nutrients, microbes, and personal care products in domestic wastewater by a benchtop electrocoagulation unit. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9380. [PMID: 25797885 PMCID: PMC4369739 DOI: 10.1038/srep09380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To preserve environmental and human health, improved treatment processes are needed to reduce nutrients, microbes, and emerging chemical contaminants from domestic wastewater prior to discharge into the environment. Electrocoagulation (EC) treatment is increasingly used to treat industrial wastewater; however, this technology has not yet been thoroughly assessed for its potential to reduce concentrations of nutrients, a variety of microbial surrogates, and personal care products found in domestic wastewater. This investigation's objective was to determine the efficiency of a benchtop EC unit with aluminum sacrificial electrodes to reduce concentrations of the aforementioned biological and chemical pollutants from raw and tertiary-treated domestic wastewater. EC treatment resulted in significant reductions (p < 0.05, α = 0.05) in phosphate, all microbial surrogates, and several personal care products from raw and tertiary-treated domestic wastewater. When wastewater was augmented with microbial surrogates representing bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens to measure the extent of reduction, EC treatment resulted in up to 7-log10 reduction of microbial surrogates. Future pilot and full-scale investigations are needed to optimize EC treatment for the following: reducing nitrogen species, personal care products, and energy consumption; elucidating the mechanisms behind microbial reductions; and performing life cycle analyses to determine the appropriateness of implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Symonds
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - M M Cook
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - S M McQuaig
- St. Petersburg College, 2465 Drew Street, Clearwater, Florida, USA
| | - R M Ulrich
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - R O Schenck
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - J O Lukasik
- BCS Laboratories, Inc., 4609-A NW 6th Street, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - E S Van Vleet
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - M Breitbart
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
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150
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Genc A, Bakirci B. Treatment of emulsified oils by electrocoagulation: pulsed voltage applications. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:1196-1202. [PMID: 25909730 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pulsed voltage application on energy consumption during electrocoagulation was investigated. Three voltage profiles having the same arithmetic average with respect to time were applied to the electrodes. The specific energy consumption for these profiles were evaluated and analyzed together with oil removal efficiencies. The effects of applied voltages, electrode materials, electrode configurations, and pH on oil removal efficiency were determined. Electrocoagulation experiments were performed by using synthetic and real wastewater samples. The pulsed voltages saved energy during the electrocoagulation process. In continuous operation, energy saving was as high as 48%. Aluminum electrodes used for the treatment of emulsified oils resulted in higher oil removal efficiencies in comparison with stainless steel and iron electrodes. When the electrodes gap was less than 1 cm, higher oil removal efficiencies were obtained. The highest oil removal efficiencies were 95% and 35% for the batch and continuous operating modes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Genc
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Busra Bakirci
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey E-mail:
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