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Demerath EW, Jones LL, Hawley NL, Norris SA, Pettifor JM, Duren D, Chumlea WC, Towne B, Cameron N. Rapid infant weight gain and advanced skeletal maturation in childhood. J Pediatr 2009; 155:355-61. [PMID: 19446851 PMCID: PMC2801419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that rapid infant weight gain is associated with advanced skeletal maturity in children from the United States and South Africa. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal data from 467 appropriate-for-gestational-age infants in the Fels Longitudinal Growth Study (Dayton, Ohio) and 196 appropriate-for-gestational-age infants in the Birth to Twenty birth cohort study (Johannesburg, South Africa) were used. Multiple linear regression models tested the association between internal SD score change in weight from 0 to 2 years and relative skeletal age at 9 years, adjusting for body mass index, stature, and other covariates. RESULTS In both studies, faster infant weight gain was associated with more advanced skeletal maturity (approximately 0.2 years or 2.4 months per SD score) at age 9 years (P <.0001-.005), even when adjusting for the positive associations of both birth weight and body mass index at age 9 years. This effect appeared to be accounted for by the greater childhood stature of subjects with more rapid infant weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Relatively rapid infant weight-gain is associated with advanced skeletal development in late childhood, perhaps via effects on stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen W. Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (E.D.); Centre for Human Development, Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK (L.J., N.H., N.C.); MRC Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N., J.P., N.C.); Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (D.D., W.C., B.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (W.C.)
| | - Laura L. Jones
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (E.D.); Centre for Human Development, Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK (L.J., N.H., N.C.); MRC Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N., J.P., N.C.); Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (D.D., W.C., B.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (W.C.)
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (E.D.); Centre for Human Development, Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK (L.J., N.H., N.C.); MRC Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N., J.P., N.C.); Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (D.D., W.C., B.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (W.C.)
| | - Shane A. Norris
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (E.D.); Centre for Human Development, Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK (L.J., N.H., N.C.); MRC Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N., J.P., N.C.); Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (D.D., W.C., B.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (W.C.)
| | - John M. Pettifor
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (E.D.); Centre for Human Development, Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK (L.J., N.H., N.C.); MRC Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N., J.P., N.C.); Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (D.D., W.C., B.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (W.C.)
| | - Dana Duren
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (E.D.); Centre for Human Development, Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK (L.J., N.H., N.C.); MRC Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N., J.P., N.C.); Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (D.D., W.C., B.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (W.C.)
| | - W. Cameron Chumlea
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (E.D.); Centre for Human Development, Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK (L.J., N.H., N.C.); MRC Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N., J.P., N.C.); Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (D.D., W.C., B.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (W.C.)
| | - Bradford Towne
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (E.D.); Centre for Human Development, Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK (L.J., N.H., N.C.); MRC Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N., J.P., N.C.); Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (D.D., W.C., B.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (W.C.)
| | - Noel Cameron
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (E.D.); Centre for Human Development, Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK (L.J., N.H., N.C.); MRC Mineral Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (S.N., J.P., N.C.); Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (D.D., W.C., B.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (W.C.)
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