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Tapken W, Murphy AS. Membrane nanodomains in plants: capturing form, function, and movement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1573-86. [PMID: 25725094 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is the interface between the cell and the external environment. Plasma membrane lipids provide scaffolds for proteins and protein complexes that are involved in cell to cell communication, signal transduction, immune responses, and transport of small molecules. In animals, fungi, and plants, a substantial subset of these plasma membrane proteins function within ordered sterol- and sphingolipid-rich nanodomains. High-resolution microscopy, lipid dyes, pharmacological inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis, and lipid biosynthetic mutants have been employed to examine the relationship between the lipid environment and protein activity in plants. They have also been used to identify proteins associated with nanodomains and the pathways by which nanodomain-associated proteins are trafficked to their plasma membrane destinations. These studies suggest that plant membrane nanodomains function in a context-specific manner, analogous to similar structures in animals and fungi. In addition to the highly conserved flotillin and remorin markers, some members of the B and G subclasses of ATP binding cassette transporters have emerged as functional markers for plant nanodomains. Further, the glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins, that are often associated with detergent-resistant membranes, appear also to have a functional role in membrane nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Tapken
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Angus S Murphy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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102
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Coursol S, Fromentin J, Noirot E, Brière C, Robert F, Morel J, Liang YK, Lherminier J, Simon-Plas F. Long-chain bases and their phosphorylated derivatives differentially regulate cryptogein-induced production of reactive oxygen species in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:1239-1249. [PMID: 25303640 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The proteinaceous elicitor cryptogein triggers defence reactions in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) through a signalling cascade, including the early production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the plasma membrane (PM)-located tobacco respiratory burst oxidase homologue D (NtRbohD). Sphingolipid long-chain bases (LCBs) are emerging as potent positive regulators of plant defence-related mechanisms. This led us to question whether both LCBs and their phosphorylated derivatives (LCB-Ps) are involved in the early signalling process triggered by cryptogein in tobacco BY-2 cells. Here, we showed that cryptogein-induced ROS production was inhibited by LCB kinase (LCBK) inhibitors. Additionally, Arabidopsis thaliana sphingosine kinase 1 and exogenously supplied LCB-Ps increased cryptogein-induced ROS production, whereas exogenously supplied LCBs had a strong opposite effect, which was not driven by a reduction in cellular viability. Immunogold-electron microscopy assay also revealed that LCB-Ps are present in the PM, which fits well with the presence of a high LCBK activity associated with this fraction. Our data demonstrate that LCBs and LCB-Ps differentially regulate cryptogein-induced ROS production in tobacco BY-2 cells, and support a model in which a cooperative synergism between LCBK/LCB-Ps and NtRbohD/ROS in the cryptogein signalling pathway is likely at the PM in tobacco BY-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Coursol
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Jérôme Fromentin
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Elodie Noirot
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Christian Brière
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546, Université de Toulouse, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Franck Robert
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Johanne Morel
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jeannine Lherminier
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
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103
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Shi C, Yin J, Liu Z, Wu JX, Zhao Q, Ren J, Yao N. A systematic simulation of the effect of salicylic acid on sphingolipid metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:186. [PMID: 25859253 PMCID: PMC4373270 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) affects plant development and defense responses. Recent studies revealed that SA also participates in the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism, but the details of this regulation remain to beexplored. Here, we use in silico Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) with published microarray data to construct a whole-cell simulation model, including 23 pathways, 259 reactions, and 172 metabolites, to predict the alterations in flux of major sphingolipid species after treatment with exogenous SA. This model predicts significant changes in fluxes of certain sphingolipid species after SA treatment, changes that likely trigger downstream physiological and phenotypic effects. To validate the simulation, we used (15)N-labeled metabolic turnover analysis to measure sphingolipid contents and turnover rate in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings treated with SA or the SA analog benzothiadiazole (BTH). The results show that both SA and BTH affect sphingolipid metabolism, altering the concentrations of certain species and also changing the optimal flux distribution and turnover rate of sphingolipids. Our strategy allows us to estimate sphingolipid fluxes on a short time scale and gives us a systemic view of the effect of SA on sphingolipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nan Yao
- *Correspondence: Nan Yao, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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104
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Dall'Asta C, Giorni P, Cirlini M, Reverberi M, Gregori R, Ludovici M, Camera E, Fanelli C, Battilani P, Scala V. Maize lipids play a pivotal role in the fumonisin accumulation. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2014.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of lipids in maize – Fusarium verticillioides interaction and fumonisin production in natural field conditions were investigated. In 2010, ten maize hybrids were grown in fields located in 3 districts in Northern Italy and sampled at 4 growing stages, from early dough to full ripe. Chemical composition, fungal incidence and free and hidden fumonisin contamination were determined in all grain samples. All the hybrids considered within this study showed a strong fungal incidence, with Fusarium section Liseola as prevalent, already at the early dough maturity and along the ripening period. Fumonisins accumulated over the growing season and reached the maximum level at the full ripe stage; hidden fumonisins were found significant in all the considered samples (~57% of the free form at harvest). Hybrid H9 showed more than 50% of kernels infected by Aspergillus flavus and no hidden fumonisins were detected. This finding stresses the relevance of monitoring both free and total fumonisins for a comprehensive assessment of consumer exposure to mycotoxins. Previous studies showed a positive correlation between the content of linoleic acid and fumonisin accumulation into maize kernels infected with Fusarium section Liseola. Hence, an untargeted and targeted lipid analysis of maize kernels along the growing season and at harvest was performed. Results suggested a significant involvement of lipid composition of maize kernels in fungal infection and toxin accumulation. Specifically, mass spectrometry data pinpointed that at least 4 lipid entities might differentiate high-contaminated from low-contaminated samples when the cut-off of 2,000 μg/kg of fumonisins was selected. Among them, the oxylipin 9-HODE and three sphingolipids were identified. These results suggest that sphingolipid and oxylipin metabolism in maize kernels interferes with F. verticillioides growth and fumonisin production in plants growing in field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Dall'Asta
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P. Giorni
- Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia vegetale, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - M. Cirlini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - M. Reverberi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, Largo Cristina di Svezia 24, 00165 Roma
| | - R. Gregori
- Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia vegetale, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - M. Ludovici
- Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Cutanea e Centro Integrato di Metabolomica, Istituto Dermatologico San Gallicano IRCCS, Via San Gallicano 25/a, 00153 Roma, Italy
| | - E. Camera
- Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Cutanea e Centro Integrato di Metabolomica, Istituto Dermatologico San Gallicano IRCCS, Via San Gallicano 25/a, 00153 Roma, Italy
| | - C. Fanelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, Largo Cristina di Svezia 24, 00165 Roma
| | - P. Battilani
- Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia vegetale, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - V. Scala
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, Largo Cristina di Svezia 24, 00165 Roma
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105
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Favre P, Bapaume L, Bossolini E, Delorenzi M, Falquet L, Reinhardt D. A novel bioinformatics pipeline to discover genes related to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis based on their evolutionary conservation pattern among higher plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:333. [PMID: 25465219 PMCID: PMC4274732 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes involved in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis have been identified primarily by mutant screens, followed by identification of the mutated genes (forward genetics). In addition, a number of AM-related genes has been identified by their AM-related expression patterns, and their function has subsequently been elucidated by knock-down or knock-out approaches (reverse genetics). However, genes that are members of functionally redundant gene families, or genes that have a vital function and therefore result in lethal mutant phenotypes, are difficult to identify. If such genes are constitutively expressed and therefore escape differential expression analyses, they remain elusive. The goal of this study was to systematically search for AM-related genes with a bioinformatics strategy that is insensitive to these problems. The central element of our approach is based on the fact that many AM-related genes are conserved only among AM-competent species. RESULTS Our approach involves genome-wide comparisons at the proteome level of AM-competent host species with non-mycorrhizal species. Using a clustering method we first established orthologous/paralogous relationships and subsequently identified protein clusters that contain members only of the AM-competent species. Proteins of these clusters were then analyzed in an extended set of 16 plant species and ranked based on their relatedness among AM-competent monocot and dicot species, relative to non-mycorrhizal species. In addition, we combined the information on the protein-coding sequence with gene expression data and with promoter analysis. As a result we present a list of yet uncharacterized proteins that show a strongly AM-related pattern of sequence conservation, indicating that the respective genes may have been under selection for a function in AM. Among the top candidates are three genes that encode a small family of similar receptor-like kinases that are related to the S-locus receptor kinases involved in sporophytic self-incompatibility. CONCLUSIONS We present a new systematic strategy of gene discovery based on conservation of the protein-coding sequence that complements classical forward and reverse genetics. This strategy can be applied to diverse other biological phenomena if species with established genome sequences fall into distinguished groups that differ in a defined functional trait of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Favre
- />Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- />Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
- />SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Bapaume
- />Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Eligio Bossolini
- />Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- />Current address: Crop Genetics, Bayer CropScience NV, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- />Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- />Oncology Department, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- />SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Falquet
- />Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- />Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Didier Reinhardt
- />Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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106
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Boutté Y, Moreau P. Modulation of endomembranes morphodynamics in the secretory/retrograde pathways depends on lipid diversity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 22:22-29. [PMID: 25233477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipids are crucial bricks for cell and organelle compartmentalization and their physical properties and interactions with other membrane partners (lipids or proteins) reveal lipids as key actors of the regulation of membrane morphodynamics in many cellular functions and especially in the secretory/retrograde pathways. Studies on membrane models have indicated diverse mechanisms by which membranes bend. Moreover, in vivo studies also indicate that membrane curvature can play crucial roles in the regulation of endomembrane morphodynamics, organelle morphology and transport vesicle formation. A role for enzymes of lipid metabolism and lipid-protein interactions will be discussed as crucial mechanisms in the regulation of membrane morphodynamics in the secretory/retrograde pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Moreau
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, France.
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107
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Li M, Markham JE, Wang X. Overexpression of patatin-related phospholipase AIIIβ altered the content and composition of sphingolipids in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:553. [PMID: 25374574 PMCID: PMC4204433 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In plants, fatty acids are primarily synthesized in plastids and then transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for synthesis of most of the complex membrane lipids, including glycerolipids and sphingolipids. The first step of sphingolipid synthesis, which uses a fatty acid and a serine as substrates, is critical for sphingolipid homeostasis; its disruption leads to an altered plant growth. Phospholipase As have been implicated in the trafficking of fatty acids from plastids to the ER. Previously, we found that overexpression of a patatin-related phospholipase, pPLAIIIβ, resulted in a smaller plant size and altered anisotropic cell expansion. Here, we determined the content and composition of sphingolipids in pPLAIIIβ-knockout and overexpression plants (pPLAIIIβ-KO and -OE). 3-keto-sphinganine, the product of the first step of sphingolipid synthesis, had a 26% decrease in leaves of pPLAIIIβ-KO while a 52% increase in pPLAIIIβ-OE compared to wild type (WT). The levels of free long-chain base species, dihydroxy-C18:0 and trihydroxy-18:0 (d18:0 and t18:0), were 38 and 97% higher, respectively, in pPLAIIIβ-OE than in WT. The level of complex sphingolipids ceramide d18:0-16:0 and t18:1-16:0 had a twofold increase in pPLAIIIβ-OE. The level of hydroxy ceramide d18:0-h16:0 was 72% higher in pPLAIIIβ-OE compared to WT. The levels of several species of glucosylceramide and glycosylinositolphosphoceramide tended to be higher in pPLAIIIβ-OE than in WT. The total content of the complex sphingolipids showed a slightly higher in pPLAIIIβ-OE than in WT. These results revealed an involvement of phospholipase-mediated lipid homeostasis in plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyin Li
- Department of Biology, University of MissouriSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of MissouriSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. Louis, MO, USA
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108
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Molino D, Van der Giessen E, Gissot L, Hématy K, Marion J, Barthelemy J, Bellec Y, Vernhettes S, Satiat-Jeunemaître B, Galli T, Tareste D, Faure JD. Inhibition of very long acyl chain sphingolipid synthesis modifies membrane dynamics during plant cytokinesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1842:1422-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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109
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Okazaki Y, Saito K. Roles of lipids as signaling molecules and mitigators during stress response in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:584-96. [PMID: 24844563 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are the major constituents of biological membranes that can sense extracellular conditions. Lipid-mediated signaling occurs in response to various environmental stresses, such as temperature change, salinity, drought and pathogen attack. Lysophospholipid, fatty acid, phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol, inositol phosphate, oxylipins, sphingolipid, and N-acylethanolamine have all been proposed to function as signaling lipids. Studies on these stress-inducible lipid species have demonstrated that each lipid class has specific biological relevance, biosynthetic mechanisms and signaling cascades, which activate defense reactions at the transcriptional level. In addition to their roles in signaling, lipids also function as stress mitigators to reduce the intensity of stressors. To mitigate particular stresses, enhanced syntheses of unique lipids that accumulate in trace quantities under normal growth conditions are often observed under stressed conditions. The accumulation of oligogalactolipids and glucuronosyldiacylglycerol has recently been found to mitigate freezing and nutrition-depletion stresses, respectively, during lipid remodeling. In addition, wax, cutin and suberin, which are not constituents of the lipid bilayer, but are components derived from lipids, contribute to the reduction of drought stress and tissue injury. These features indicate that lipid-mediated defenses against environmental stress contributes to plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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110
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Rennie EA, Ebert B, Miles GP, Cahoon RE, Christiansen KM, Stonebloom S, Khatab H, Twell D, Petzold CJ, Adams PD, Dupree P, Heazlewood JL, Cahoon EB, Scheller HV. Identification of a sphingolipid α-glucuronosyltransferase that is essential for pollen function in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3314-25. [PMID: 25122154 PMCID: PMC4371831 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.129171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide (GIPC) sphingolipids are a major class of lipids in fungi, protozoans, and plants. GIPCs are abundant in the plasma membrane in plants, comprising around a quarter of the total lipids in these membranes. Plant GIPCs contain unique glycan decorations that include a conserved glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue and various additional sugars; however, no proteins responsible for glycosylating GIPCs have been identified to date. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana protein INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE1 (IPUT1) transfers GlcA from UDP-GlcA to GIPCs. To demonstrate IPUT1 activity, we introduced the IPUT1 gene together with genes for a UDP-glucose dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis and a human UDP-GlcA transporter into a yeast mutant deficient in the endogenous inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) mannosyltransferase. In this engineered yeast strain, IPUT1 transferred GlcA to IPC. Overexpression or silencing of IPUT1 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in an increase or a decrease, respectively, in IPC glucuronosyltransferase activity in vitro. Plants in which IPUT1 was silenced accumulated IPC, the immediate precursor, as well as ceramides and glucosylceramides. Plants overexpressing IPUT1 showed an increased content of GIPCs. Mutations in IPUT1 are not transmitted through pollen, indicating that these sphingolipids are essential in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A Rennie
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608 Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Berit Ebert
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608 Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Godfrey P Miles
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Katy M Christiansen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608 Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Solomon Stonebloom
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608 Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Hoda Khatab
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - David Twell
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608 Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Paul D Adams
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608 Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608 Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Henrik Vibe Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608 Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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111
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Wu J, Qin X, Tao S, Jiang X, Liang YK, Zhang S. Long-chain base phosphates modulate pollen tube growth via channel-mediated influx of calcium. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:507-516. [PMID: 24905418 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain base phosphates (LCBPs) have been correlated with amounts of crucial biological processes ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis in animals. However, their functions in plants remain largely unknown. Here, we report that LCBPs, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (Phyto-S1P), modulate pollen tube growth in a concentration-dependent bi-phasic manner. The pollen tube growth in the stylar transmitting tissue was promoted by SPHK1 overexpression (SPHK1-OE) but dampened by SPHK1 knockdown (SPHK1-KD) compared with wild-type of Arabidopsis; however, there was no detectable effect on in vitro pollen tube growth caused by misexpression of SPHK1. Interestingly, exogenous S1P or Phyto-S1P applications could increase the pollen tube growth rate in SPHK1-OE, SPHK1-KD and wild-type of Arabidopsis. Calcium ion (Ca(2+) )-imaging analysis showed that S1P triggered a remarkable increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in pollen. Extracellular S1P induced hyperpolarization-activated Ca(2+) currents in the pollen plasma membrane, and the Ca(2+) current activation was mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins. Moreover, the S1P-induced increase of cytosolic free Ca(2+) inhibited the influx of potassium ions in pollen tubes. Our findings suggest that LCBPs functions in a signaling cascade that facilitates Ca(2+) influx and modulates pollen tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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112
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Nagano M, Ishikawa T, Ogawa Y, Iwabuchi M, Nakasone A, Shimamoto K, Uchimiya H, Kawai-Yamada M. Arabidopsis Bax inhibitor-1 promotes sphingolipid synthesis during cold stress by interacting with ceramide-modifying enzymes. PLANTA 2014; 240:77-89. [PMID: 24687220 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is a widely conserved cell death suppressor localized in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Our previous results revealed that Arabidopsis BI-1 (AtBI-1) interacts with not only Arabidopsis cytochrome b 5 (Cb5), an electron transfer protein, but also a Cb5-like domain (Cb5LD)-containing protein, Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid 2-hydroxylase 1, which 2-hydroxylates sphingolipid fatty acids. We have now found that AtBI-1 binds Arabidopsis sphingolipid Δ8 long-chain base (LCB) desaturases AtSLD1 and AtSLD2, which are Cb5LD-containing proteins. The expression of both AtBI-1 and AtSLD1 was increased by cold exposure. However, different phenotypes were observed in response to cold treatment between an atbi-1 mutant and a sld1sld2 double mutant. To elucidate the reasons behind the difference, we analyzed sphingolipids and found that unsaturated LCBs in atbi-1 were not altered compared to wild type, whereas almost all LCBs in sld1sld2 were saturated, suggesting that AtBI-1 may not be necessary for the desaturation of LCBs. On the other hand, the sphingolipid content in wild type increased in response to low temperature, whereas total sphingolipid levels in atbi-1 were unaltered. In addition, the ceramide-modifying enzymes AtFAH1, sphingolipid base hydroxylase 2 (AtSBH2), acyl lipid desaturase 2 (AtADS2) and AtSLD1 were highly expressed under cold stress, and all are likely to be related to AtBI-1 function. These findings suggest that AtBI-1 contributes to synthesis of sphingolipids during cold stress by interacting with AtSLD1, AtFAH1, AtSBH2 and AtADS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Nagano
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
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113
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Tellier F, Maia-Grondard A, Schmitz-Afonso I, Faure JD. Comparative plant sphingolipidomic reveals specific lipids in seeds and oil. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 103:50-58. [PMID: 24731258 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant sphingolipids are a highly diverse family of structural and signal lipids. Owing to their chemical diversity and complexity, a powerful analytical method was required to identify and quantify a large number of individual molecules with a high degree of structural accuracy. By using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with a single elution system coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) in the positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, detailed sphingolipid composition was analyzed in various tissues of two Brassicaceae species Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa. A total of 300 molecular species were identified defining nine classes of sphingolipids, including Cers, hCers, Glcs and GIPCs. High-resolution mass spectrometry identified sphingolipids including amino- and N-acylated-GIPCs. The comparative analysis of seedling, seed and oil sphingolipids showed tissue specific distribution suggesting metabolic channeling and compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Tellier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, INRA-AgroParisTech, route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France.
| | - Alessandra Maia-Grondard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, INRA-AgroParisTech, route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso
- Centre de recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Denis Faure
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, INRA-AgroParisTech, route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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114
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Voxeur A, Fry SC. Glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides from Rosa cell cultures are boron-bridged in the plasma membrane and form complexes with rhamnogalacturonan II. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:139-49. [PMID: 24804932 PMCID: PMC4230332 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is essential for plant cell-wall structure and membrane functions. Compared with its role in cross-linking the pectic domain rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), little information is known about the biological role of B in membranes. Here, we investigated the involvement of glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs), major components of lipid rafts, in the membrane requirement for B. Using thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry, we first characterized GIPCs from Rosa cell culture. The major GIPC has one hexose residue, one hexuronic acid residue, inositol phosphate, and a ceramide moiety with a C18 trihydroxylated mono-unsaturated long-chain base and a C24 monohydroxylated saturated fatty acid. Disrupting B bridging (by B starvation in vivo or by treatment with cold dilute HCl or with excess borate in vitro) enhanced the GIPCs' extractability. As RG-II is the main B-binding site in plants, we investigated whether it could form a B-centred complex with GIPCs. Using high-voltage paper electrophoresis, we showed that addition of GIPCs decreased the electrophoretic mobility of radiolabelled RG-II, suggesting formation of a GIPC-B-RG-II complex. Last, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we showed that added GIPCs facilitate RG-II dimerization in vitro. We conclude that B plays a structural role in the plasma membrane. The disruption of membrane components by high borate may account for the phytotoxicity of excess B. Moreover, the in-vitro formation of a GIPC-B-RG-II complex gives the first molecular explanation of the wall-membrane attachment sites observed in vivo. Finally, our results suggest a role for GIPCs in the RG-II dimerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Voxeur
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Stephen C Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
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115
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Guschina IA, Everard JD, Kinney AJ, Quant PA, Harwood JL. Studies on the regulation of lipid biosynthesis in plants: application of control analysis to soybean. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1838:1488-500. [PMID: 24565795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although there is much knowledge of the enzymology (and genes coding the proteins) of lipid biosynthesis in higher plants, relatively little attention has been paid to regulation. We have demonstrated the important role for cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase in the biosynthesis of the major extra-plastidic membrane lipid, phosphatidylcholine. We followed this work by applying control analysis to light-induced fatty acid synthesis. This was the first such application to lipid synthesis in any organism. The data showed that acetyl-CoA carboxylase was very important, exerting about half of the total control. We then applied metabolic control analysis to lipid accumulation in important oil crops - oilpalm, olive, and rapeseed. Recent data with soybean show that the block of fatty acid biosynthesis reactions exerts somewhat more control (63%) than lipid assembly although both are clearly very important. These results suggest that gene stacks, targeting both parts of the overall lipid synthesis pathway will be needed to increase significantly oil yields in soybean. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Structure and Function: Relevance in the Cell's Physiology, Pathology and Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John D Everard
- DuPont Agricultural Biotechnology, P.O. Box 80353, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA
| | - Anthony J Kinney
- DuPont Agricultural Biotechnology, P.O. Box 80353, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA
| | - Patti A Quant
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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116
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Simanshu DK, Zhai X, Munch D, Hofius D, Markham JE, Bielawski J, Bielawska A, Malinina L, Molotkovsky JG, Mundy JW, Patel DJ, Brown RE. Arabidopsis accelerated cell death 11, ACD11, is a ceramide-1-phosphate transfer protein and intermediary regulator of phytoceramide levels. Cell Rep 2014; 6:388-99. [PMID: 24412362 PMCID: PMC3931444 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The accelerated cell death 11 (acd11) mutant of Arabidopsis provides a genetic model for studying immune response activation and localized cellular suicide that halt pathogen spread during infection in plants. Here, we elucidate ACD11 structure and function and show that acd11 disruption dramatically alters the in vivo balance of sphingolipid mediators that regulate eukaryotic-programmed cell death. In acd11 mutants, normally low ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) levels become elevated, but the relatively abundant cell death inducer phytoceramide rises acutely. ACD11 exhibits selective intermembrane transfer of C1P and phyto-C1P. Crystal structures establish C1P binding via a surface-localized, phosphate headgroup recognition center connected to an interior hydrophobic pocket that adaptively ensheaths lipid chains via a cleft-like gating mechanism. Point mutation mapping confirms functional involvement of binding site residues. A π helix (π bulge) near the lipid binding cleft distinguishes apo-ACD11 from other GLTP folds. The global two-layer, α-helically dominated, "sandwich" topology displaying C1P-selective binding identifies ACD11 as the plant prototype of a GLTP fold subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra K Simanshu
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiuhong Zhai
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - David Munch
- Department of Biology, BioCenter, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Daniel Hofius
- Department of Biology, BioCenter, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jennifer E Markham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, N146 Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Jacek Bielawski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lipidomics Shared Resource Mass Spectrometry Lab, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alicja Bielawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lipidomics Shared Resource Mass Spectrometry Lab, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lucy Malinina
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio-Bilbao, Spain
| | - Julian G Molotkovsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - John W Mundy
- Department of Biology, BioCenter, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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117
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González-Solís A, Cano-Ramírez DL, Morales-Cedillo F, Tapia de Aquino C, Gavilanes-Ruiz M. Arabidopsis mutants in sphingolipid synthesis as tools to understand the structure and function of membrane microdomains in plasmodesmata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:3. [PMID: 24478783 PMCID: PMC3900917 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata-intercellular channels that communicate adjacent cells-possess complex membranous structures. Recent evidences indicate that plasmodesmata contain membrane microdomains. In order to understand how these submembrane regions collaborate to plasmodesmata function, it is necessary to characterize their size, composition and dynamics. An approach that can shed light on these microdomain features is based on the use of Arabidopsis mutants in sphingolipid synthesis. Sphingolipids are canonical components of microdomains together with sterols and some glycerolipids. Moreover, sphingolipids are transducers in pathways that display programmed cell death as a defense mechanism against pathogens. The study of Arabidopsis mutants would allow determining which structural features of the sphingolipids are important for the formation and stability of microdomains, and if defense signaling networks using sphingoid bases as second messengers are associated to plasmodesmata operation. Such studies need to be complemented by analysis of the ultrastructure and the use of protein probes for plasmodesmata microdomains and may constitute a very valuable source of information to analyze these membrane structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marina Gavilanes-Ruiz
- *Correspondence: Marina Gavilanes-Ruiz, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conj. E., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico e-mail:
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118
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Kimberlin AN, Majumder S, Han G, Chen M, Cahoon RE, Stone JM, Dunn TM, Cahoon EB. Arabidopsis 56-amino acid serine palmitoyltransferase-interacting proteins stimulate sphingolipid synthesis, are essential, and affect mycotoxin sensitivity. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:4627-39. [PMID: 24214397 PMCID: PMC3875740 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of sphingolipid homeostasis is critical for cell growth and programmed cell death (PCD). Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), composed of LCB1 and LCB2 subunits, catalyzes the primary regulatory point for sphingolipid synthesis. Small subunits of SPT (ssSPT) that strongly stimulate SPT activity have been identified in mammals, but the role of ssSPT in eukaryotic cells is unclear. Candidate Arabidopsis thaliana ssSPTs, ssSPTa and ssSPTb, were identified and characterized. Expression of these 56-amino acid polypeptides in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT null mutant stimulated SPT activity from the Arabidopsis LCB1/LCB2 heterodimer by >100-fold through physical interaction with LCB1/LCB2. ssSPTa transcripts were more enriched in all organs and >400-fold more abundant in pollen than ssSPTb transcripts. Accordingly, homozygous ssSPTa T-DNA mutants were not recoverable, and 50% nonviable pollen was detected in heterozygous ssspta mutants. Pollen viability was recovered by expression of wild-type ssSPTa or ssSPTb under control of the ssSPTa promoter, indicating ssSPTa and ssSPTb functional redundancy. SPT activity and sensitivity to the PCD-inducing mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) were increased by ssSPTa overexpression. Conversely, SPT activity and FB1 sensitivity were reduced in ssSPTa RNA interference lines. These results demonstrate that ssSPTs are essential for male gametophytes, are important for FB1 sensitivity, and limit sphingolipid synthesis in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athen N. Kimberlin
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Saurav Majumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Gongshe Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Ming Chen
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Rebecca E. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Julie M. Stone
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Teresa M. Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
- Address correspondence to
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119
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Guillas I, Puyaubert J, Baudouin E. Nitric oxide-sphingolipid interplays in plant signalling: a new enigma from the Sphinx? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:341. [PMID: 24062754 PMCID: PMC3770979 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) emerged as one of the major signaling molecules operating during plant development and plant responses to its environment. Beyond the identification of the direct molecular targets of NO, a series of studies considered its interplay with other actors of signal transduction and the integration of NO into complex signaling networks. Beside the close relationships between NO and calcium or phosphatidic acid signaling pathways that are now well-established, recent reports paved the way for interplays between NO and sphingolipids (SLs). This mini-review summarizes our current knowledge of the influence NO and SLs might exert on each other in plant physiology. Based on comparisons with examples from the animal field, it further indicates that, although SL-NO interplays are common features in signaling networks of eukaryotic cells, the underlying mechanisms and molecular targets significantly differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Guillas
- UR 5, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6Paris, France
- EAC 7180, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParis, France
| | - Juliette Puyaubert
- UR 5, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6Paris, France
- EAC 7180, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParis, France
| | - Emmanuel Baudouin
- UR 5, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6Paris, France
- EAC 7180, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParis, France
- *Correspondence: Emmanuel Baudouin, UR 5, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Bâtiment C/3 Boîte courrier 156, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cédex 05, France; EAC 7180, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bâtiment C/3 Boîte courrier 156, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cédex 05, France e-mail:
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120
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Characterization of glycosyl inositol phosphoryl ceramides from plants and fungi by mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:995-1010. [PMID: 23887274 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although glycosyl inositol phosphoryl ceramides (GIPCs) represent the most abundant class of sphingolipids in plants, they still remain poorly characterized in terms of structure and biodiversity. More than 50 years after their discovery, little is known about their subcellular distribution and their exact roles in membrane structure and biological functions. This review is focused on extraction and characterization methods of GIPCs occurring in plants and fungi. Global methods for characterizing ceramide moieties of GIPCs revealed the structures of long-chain bases (LCBs) and fatty acids (FAs): LCBs are dominated by tri-hydroxylated molecules such as monounsaturated and saturated phytosphingosine (t18:1 and t18:0, respectively) in plants and mainly phytosphingosine (t18:0 and t20:0) in fungi; FA are generally 14-26 carbon atoms long in plants and 16-26 carbon atoms long in fungi, these chains being often hydroxylated in position 2. Mass spectrometry plays a pivotal role in the assessment of GIPC diversity and the characterization of their structures. Indeed, it allowed to determine that the core structure of GIPC polar heads in plants is Hex(R1)-HexA-IPC, with R1 being a hydroxyl, an amine, or a N-acetylamine group, whereas the core structure in fungi is Man-IPC. Notably, information gained from tandem mass spectrometry spectra was most useful to describe the huge variety of structures encountered in plants and fungi and reveal GIPCs with yet uncharacterized polar head structures, such as hexose-inositol phosphoceramide in Chondracanthus acicularis and (hexuronic acid)4-inositol phosphoceramide and hexose-(hexuronic acid)3-inositol phosphoceramide in Ulva lactuca.
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121
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Mortimer JC, Yu X, Albrecht S, Sicilia F, Huichalaf M, Ampuero D, Michaelson LV, Murphy AM, Matsunaga T, Kurz S, Stephens E, Baldwin TC, Ishii T, Napier JA, Weber AP, Handford MG, Dupree P. Abnormal glycosphingolipid mannosylation triggers salicylic acid-mediated responses in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:1881-94. [PMID: 23695979 PMCID: PMC3694712 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana protein GOLGI-LOCALIZED NUCLEOTIDE SUGAR TRANSPORTER (GONST1) has been previously identified as a GDP-d-mannose transporter. It has been hypothesized that GONST1 provides precursors for the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides, such as glucomannan. Here, we show that in vitro GONST1 can transport all four plant GDP-sugars. However, gonst1 mutants have no reduction in glucomannan quantity and show no detectable alterations in other cell wall polysaccharides. By contrast, we show that a class of glycosylated sphingolipids (glycosylinositol phosphoceramides [GIPCs]) contains Man and that this mannosylation is affected in gonst1. GONST1 therefore is a Golgi GDP-sugar transporter that specifically supplies GDP-Man to the Golgi lumen for GIPC synthesis. gonst1 plants have a dwarfed phenotype and a constitutive hypersensitive response with elevated salicylic acid levels. This suggests an unexpected role for GIPC sugar decorations in sphingolipid function and plant defense signaling. Additionally, we discuss these data in the context of substrate channeling within the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C. Mortimer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Albrecht
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Sicilia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Mariela Huichalaf
- Department of Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Ampuero
- Department of Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Louise V. Michaelson
- Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alex M. Murphy
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Toshiro Matsunaga
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
- National Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Samantha Kurz
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Elaine Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy C. Baldwin
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1SB, United Kingdom
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Johnathan A. Napier
- Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas P.M. Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael G. Handford
- Department of Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
- Address correspondence to
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