101
|
Venigalla M, Gyengesi E, Münch G. Curcumin and Apigenin - novel and promising therapeutics against chronic neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1181-5. [PMID: 26487830 PMCID: PMC4590215 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.162686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by deposition of amyloid beta, neurofibrillary tangles, astrogliosis and microgliosis, leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss in the brain. Current treatments for Alzheimer's disease primarily focus on enhancement of cholinergic transmission. However, these treatments are only symptomatic, and no disease-modifying drug is available for Alzheimer's disease patients. This review will provide an overview of the proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, neuroprotective, and cognition-enhancing effects of curcumin and apigenin and discuss the potential of these compounds for Alzheimer's disease prevention and treatment. We suggest that these compounds might delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease or slow down its progression, and they should enter clinical trials as soon as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Venigalla
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia ; Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia ; National Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia ; Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Ratliff JC, Palmese LB, Reutenauer EL, Tek C. An open-label pilot trial of alpha-lipoic acid for weight loss in patients with schizophrenia without diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:196-200. [PMID: 23471087 DOI: 10.3371/csrp.rapa.030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A possible mechanism of antipsychotic-induced weight gain is activation of hypothalamic monophosphate-dependent kinase (AMPK) mediated by histamine 1 receptors. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a potent antioxidant, counteracts this effect and may be helpful in reducing weight for patients taking antipsychotics. The objective of this open-label study was to assess the efficacy of ALA (1,200 mg) on twelve non-diabetic schizophrenia patients over ten weeks. Participants lost significant weight during the intervention (-2.2 kg±2.5 kg). ALA was well tolerated and was particularly effective for individuals taking strongly antihistaminic antipsychotics (-2.9 kg±2.6 kg vs. -0.5 kg±1.0 kg). CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01355952.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Ratliff
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Laura B Palmese
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Erin L Reutenauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Cenk Tek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Singh M, Kaur M, Chadha N, Silakari O. Hybrids: a new paradigm to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Divers 2015; 20:271-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
104
|
Lebda MA, Gad SB, Rashed RR. The effect of lipoic acid on acrylamide-induced neuropathy in rats with reference to biochemical, hematological, and behavioral alterations. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1207-1213. [PMID: 25853975 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.970288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acrylamide (ACR) is a well-known neurotoxicant and carcinogenic agent which poses a greater risk for human and animal health. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the beneficial effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on ACR-induced neuropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 male rats were divided into four groups: a placebo group; LA-treated group, administered orally 1% (w/w) LA mixed with diet; ACR-treated group, given 0.05% (w/v) ACR dissolved in drinking water; and LA + ACR-treated group, given LA 1% 7 d before and along with ACR 0.05% for 21 d. After 28 d, blood samples were collected, the rats were decapitated, and the tissues were excised for the measurement of brain biomarkers, antioxidant status, and hematological analysis. Also, the gait score of rats was evaluated. RESULTS ACR-exposed rats exhibited abnormal gait deficits with significant (p < 0.05) decline in acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and creatine kinase in serum and brain tissues, respectively. However, the lactate dehydrogenase activity was increased in serum by 123%, although it decreased in brain tissues by -74%. ACR significantly (p < 0.05) increased the malondialdehyde level by 273% with subsequent depletion of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and reduced the glutathione (GSH) level in brain tissue. Interestingly, LA significantly (p < 0.05) improved brain enzymatic biomarkers, attenuated lipid peroxidation (LPO), and increased antioxidant activities compared with the ACR-treated group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggested that LA may have a role in the management of ACR-induced oxidative stress in brain tissues through its antioxidant activity, attenuation of LPO, and improvement of brain biomarkers.
Collapse
|
105
|
Simultaneous determination of the endogenous free α-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid in human plasma and erythrocytes by RP-HPLC coupled with electrochemical detector. Methods Mol Biol 2015. [PMID: 25323519 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1441-8_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
A highly sensitive, precise, and accurate reversed-phase high performance liquid-chromatography/electrochemical detection method for simultaneous determination of the endogenous free α-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid in biological matrices is presented. The two analytes are extracted from samples with acetonitrile-10% m-phosphoric acid solution(aqueous) (50:50 v/v). To determine the total lipoic acid, samples are treated with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine solution in phosphate buffer: pH 2.5 with 85% o-phosphoric acid prior to deproteination. The two analytes are separated on a C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) analytical column using acetonitrile-50 mM phosphate buffer: pH 2.5 with 85% o-phosphoric acid (35:65 v/v) as the isocratic mobile phase pumped at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min at the column oven temperature of 35 °C. The column eluents are monitored at a potential of 0.9 V. These analytes are efficiently resolved in <7 min.
Collapse
|
106
|
Rochais C, Lecoutey C, Gaven F, Giannoni P, Hamidouche K, Hedou D, Dubost E, Genest D, Yahiaoui S, Freret T, Bouet V, Dauphin F, Sopkova de Oliveira Santos J, Ballandonne C, Corvaisier S, Malzert-Fréon A, Legay R, Boulouard M, Claeysen S, Dallemagne P. Novel multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and serotonergic subtype 4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist activities as potential agents against Alzheimer's disease: the design of donecopride. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3172-87. [PMID: 25793650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a novel series of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDL) displaying both nanomolar dual-binding site (DBS) acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects and partial 5-HT4R agonist activity, among which donecopride was selected for further in vivo evaluations in mice. The latter displayed procognitive and antiamnesic effects and enhanced sAPPα release, accounting for a potential symptomatic and disease-modifying therapeutic benefit in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Rochais
- †UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Cédric Lecoutey
- †UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Florence Gaven
- ‡CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier, France.,§Inserm, U1191, F-34000 Montpellier, France.,∥Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrizia Giannoni
- ‡CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier, France.,§Inserm, U1191, F-34000 Montpellier, France.,∥Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Katia Hamidouche
- ⊥UNICAEN, GMPc5 (Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Damien Hedou
- †UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dubost
- †UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - David Genest
- †UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Samir Yahiaoui
- †UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- ⊥UNICAEN, GMPc5 (Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Valentine Bouet
- ⊥UNICAEN, GMPc5 (Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - François Dauphin
- ⊥UNICAEN, GMPc5 (Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale), F-14032 Caen, France
| | | | - Céline Ballandonne
- †UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Sophie Corvaisier
- †UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France.,⊥UNICAEN, GMPc5 (Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Aurélie Malzert-Fréon
- †UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Remi Legay
- †UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Michel Boulouard
- ⊥UNICAEN, GMPc5 (Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale), F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Sylvie Claeysen
- ‡CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier, France.,§Inserm, U1191, F-34000 Montpellier, France.,∥Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Dallemagne
- †UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), F-14032 Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Morgen K, Frölich L. The metabolism hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease: from the concept of central insulin resistance and associated consequences to insulin therapy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:499-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
108
|
Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on spatial learning and memory, oxidative stress, and central cholinergic system in a rat model of vascular dementia. Neurosci Lett 2015; 587:113-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
109
|
Efficient synthesis of an ε-hydroxy ester in a space–time yield of 1580gL−1d−1 by a newly identified reductase RhCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
110
|
Bingham PM, Stuart SD, Zachar Z. Lipoic acid and lipoic acid analogs in cancer metabolism and chemotherapy. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 7:837-46. [DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2014.966816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
111
|
Ferreira APM, dos Santos Pereira LN, da Silva IS, Tanaka SMCN, Tanaka AA, Angnes L. Determination of α-Lipoic acid on a Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode Modified with Cobalt Phthalocyanine. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
112
|
Koufaki M. Therapeutic applications of lipoic acid: a patent review (2011 – 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:993-1005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.937425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
113
|
Rettberg JR, Yao J, Brinton RD. Estrogen: a master regulator of bioenergetic systems in the brain and body. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:8-30. [PMID: 23994581 PMCID: PMC4024050 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is a fundamental regulator of the metabolic system of the female brain and body. Within the brain, estrogen regulates glucose transport, aerobic glycolysis, and mitochondrial function to generate ATP. In the body, estrogen protects against adiposity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes, and regulates energy intake and expenditure. During menopause, decline in circulating estrogen is coincident with decline in brain bioenergetics and shift towards a metabolically compromised phenotype. Compensatory bioenergetic adaptations, or lack thereof, to estrogen loss could determine risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Estrogen coordinates brain and body metabolism, such that peripheral metabolic state can indicate bioenergetic status of the brain. By generating biomarker profiles that encompass peripheral metabolic changes occurring with menopause, individual risk profiles for decreased brain bioenergetics and cognitive decline can be created. Biomarker profiles could identify women at risk while also serving as indicators of efficacy of hormone therapy or other preventative interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamaica R Rettberg
- Neuroscience Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Neuroscience Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Neuroprotective activity of thioctic acid in central nervous system lesions consequent to peripheral nerve injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:985093. [PMID: 24527432 PMCID: PMC3914604 DOI: 10.1155/2013/985093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies are heterogeneous disorders presenting often with hyperalgesia and allodynia. This study has assessed if chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve is accompanied by increased oxidative stress and central nervous system (CNS) changes and if these changes are sensitive to treatment with thioctic acid. Thioctic acid is a naturally occurring antioxidant existing in two optical isomers (+)- and (−)-thioctic acid and in the racemic form. It has been proposed for treating disorders associated with increased oxidative stress. Sciatic nerve CCI was made in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and in normotensive reference cohorts. Rats were untreated or treated intraperitoneally for 14 days with (+/−)-, (+)-, or (−)-thioctic acid. Oxidative stress, astrogliosis, myelin sheets status, and neuronal injury in motor and sensory cerebrocortical areas were assessed. Increase of oxidative stress markers, astrogliosis, and neuronal damage accompanied by a decreased expression of neurofilament were observed in SHR. This phenomenon was more pronounced after CCI. Thioctic acid countered astrogliosis and neuronal damage, (+)-thioctic acid being more active than (+/−)- or (−)-enantiomers. These findings suggest a neuroprotective activity of thioctic acid on CNS lesions consequent to CCI and that the compound may represent a therapeutic option for entrapment neuropathies.
Collapse
|
115
|
Gray LR, Tompkins SC, Taylor EB. Regulation of pyruvate metabolism and human disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:2577-604. [PMID: 24363178 PMCID: PMC4059968 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate is a keystone molecule critical for numerous aspects of eukaryotic and human metabolism. Pyruvate is the end-product of glycolysis, is derived from additional sources in the cellular cytoplasm, and is ultimately destined for transport into mitochondria as a master fuel input undergirding citric acid cycle carbon flux. In mitochondria, pyruvate drives ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation and multiple biosynthetic pathways intersecting the citric acid cycle. Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism is regulated by many enzymes, including the recently discovered mitochondria pyruvate carrier, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate carboxylase, to modulate overall pyruvate carbon flux. Mutations in any of the genes encoding for proteins regulating pyruvate metabolism may lead to disease. Numerous cases have been described. Aberrant pyruvate metabolism plays an especially prominent role in cancer, heart failure, and neurodegeneration. Because most major diseases involve aberrant metabolism, understanding and exploiting pyruvate carbon flux may yield novel treatments that enhance human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence R Gray
- Department of Biochemistry, Fraternal Order of the Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd, 4-403 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Ozturk G, Ginis Z, Kurt SN, Albayrak A, Bilen S, Fadillioglu E. Effect of alpha lipoic acid on ifosfamide-induced central neurotoxicity in rats. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:110-6. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.823962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
117
|
Weinstein JD, Gonzalez ER, Egleton RD, Hunt DA. A Paradigm Shift for Evaluating Pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease: The 10-Patient Screening Protocol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 28:443-54. [DOI: 10.4140/tcp.n.2013.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
118
|
Parameswaran K, Sivaguru P, Lalitha A. Synthesis of novel bis(pyrimido[5,4-c]quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione) and its derivatives: Evaluation of their antioxidant properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3873-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
119
|
Astiz M, Hurtado de Catalfo GE, García MN, Galletti SM, Errecalde AL, de Alaniz MJT, Marra CA. Pesticide-induced decrease in rat testicular steroidogenesis is differentially prevented by lipoate and tocopherol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 91:129-38. [PMID: 23465731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the sub-chronic administration of low doses of Toc or α-Toc, glyphosate and zineb to rats (i.p. 1/250 LD50, three times a week for 5 weeks) provoked severe oxidative stress (OS) in testicles. These effects were also reflected in plasma. Lipoic acid (LA) and α-tocopherol are considered as antioxidants due to their ability to neutralize reactive oxygenated species (ROS) and reset endogenous antioxidant levels. To investigate the possible protective effect on reproductive function, LA and Toc (i.p. 25, 50 and 100mg/kg) were administered simultaneously with the pesticide mixture (PM) for 5 weeks. Both drugs prevented OS and the damage to proteins and lipids caused by PM in a dose-dependent manner. The PM-induced increase levels of prostaglandins E2 and F2α was completely restored by LA but not by Toc. Similarly, only LA was able to restore the inhibition of testosterone production, the decrease of 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases activities, and the elevation of gonatropins (FSH and LH) levels produced by PM. Furthermore, LA was more efficient than Toc in normalizing the histological alterations produced by PM administration, suggesting that pesticides act though other mechanisms that generate oxidative stress. In our experimental model LA displayed a higher protective role against pesticide-induced damage than that observed by Toc administration. Our results suggest that LA administration is a promising therapeutic strategy for coping with disorders suspected to be caused by OS generators - such as pesticides - in male reproductive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Astiz
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Jiang S, Zhu W, Li C, Zhang X, Lu T, Ding Z, Cao K, Liu L. α-Lipoic acid attenuates LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction through a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
121
|
Jalali-Nadoushan M, Roghani M. Alpha-lipoic acid protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in a rat model of hemi-parkinsonism. Brain Res 2013; 1505:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
122
|
Fava A, Pirritano D, Plastino M, Cristiano D, Puccio G, Colica C, Ermio C, De Bartolo M, Mauro G, Bosco D. The Effect of Lipoic Acid Therapy on Cognitive Functioning in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2013; 2013:454253. [PMID: 26316990 PMCID: PMC4437336 DOI: 10.1155/2013/454253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most diabetic patients have insulin resistance (IR) that is associated with compensatory hyperinsulinemia, one of the mechanisms suggested for increased AD risk in patients with DM. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a disulfide molecule with antioxidant properties that has positive effects on glucose metabolism and IR. This study evaluated the effect of ALA treatment (600 mg/day) on cognitive performances in AD patients with and without DM. One hundred and twenty-six patients with AD were divided into two groups, according to DM presence (group A) or absence (group B). Cognitive functions were assessed by MMSE, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive (ADAS-Cog), Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Severity (CIBIC), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and Alzheimer's Disease Functional and Change Scale (ADFACS). IR was assessed by HOMA index. At the end of the study, MMSE scores showed a significant improvement in 43% patients of group A (26 subjects) and 23% of group B (15 subjects), compared to baseline (P = .001). Also ADAS-Cog, CIBIC, and ADFACS scores showed a significant improvement in group A versus group B. IR was higher in group A. Our study suggests that ALA therapy could be effective in slowing cognitive decline in patients with AD and IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Fava
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Pirritano
- Department of Neuroscience, “S. Giovanni di Dio” Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | | | - Dario Cristiano
- Department of Neuroscience, “S. Giovanni di Dio” Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Giovanna Puccio
- Department of Neuroscience, “S. Giovanni di Dio” Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Carmen Colica
- Institute of Neurological Science, National Research Council, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Ermio
- Department of Neuroscience, “S. Giovanni Paolo II” Hospital, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo De Bartolo
- Neurophysiology Unit, General Hospital, 87067 Rossano, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Gaetano Mauro
- General Medicine Unit, General Hospital, 87055 San Giovanni in Fiore, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Department of Neuroscience, “S. Giovanni di Dio” Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Brain activity of thioctic Acid enantiomers: in vitro and in vivo studies in an animal model of cerebrovascular injury. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4580-95. [PMID: 23443159 PMCID: PMC3634420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14034580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defense mechanisms, potentially leading to tissue damage. Oxidative stress has a key role in the development of cerebrovascular and/or neurodegenerative diseases. This phenomenon is mainly mediated by an enhanced superoxide production by the vascular endothelium with its consequent dysfunction. Thioctic, also known as alpha-lipoic acid (1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid), is a naturally occurring antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the fatty and watery regions of cells. Both the reduced and oxidized forms of the compound possess antioxidant ability. Thioctic acid has two optical isomers designated as (+)- and (−)-thioctic acid. Naturally occurring thioctic acid is the (+)-thioctic acid form, but the synthetic compound largely used in the market for stability reasons is a mixture of (+)- and (−)-thioctic acid. The present study was designed to compare the antioxidant activity of the two enantiomers versus the racemic form of thioctic acid on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in a rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and free oxygen radical species (ROS) production was assessed by flow cytometry. Antioxidant activity of the two enantiomers and the racemic form of thioctic acid was also evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) used as an in vivo model of increased oxidative stress. A 3-h exposure of PC12 cells to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) significantly decreased cell viability and increased levels of intracellular ROS production. Pre-treatment with racemic thioctic acid or (+)-enantiomer significantly inhibited H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability from the concentration of 50 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L, respectively. Racemic thioctic acid and (+)-salt decreased levels of intracellular ROS, which were unaffected by (−)-thioctic acid. In the brain of SHR, the occurrence of astrogliosis and neuronal damage, with a decreased expression of neurofilament 200 kDa were observed. Treatment of SHR for 30 days with (+)-thioctic acid reduced the size of astrocytes and increased the neurofilament immunoreaction. The above findings could contribute to clarify the role played by thioctic acid in central nervous system injury related to oxidative stress. The more pronounced effect of (+)-thioctic acid observed in this study may have practical therapeutic implications worthy of being investigated in further preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
|
124
|
A review on cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:375-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
125
|
Zara S, De Colli M, Rapino M, Pacella S, Nasuti C, Sozio P, Di Stefano A, Cataldi A. Ibuprofen and lipoic acid conjugate neuroprotective activity is mediated by Ngb/Akt intracellular signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease rat model. Gerontology 2013; 59:250-60. [PMID: 23428737 DOI: 10.1159/000346445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a frequent form of senile dementia. Neuroglobin (Ngb) has a neuroprotective role and decreases Aβ peptide levels. Ngb, promoting Akt phosphorylation, activates cell survival involving cyclic-nucleotide response element-binding protein (CREB). A new molecule (IBU-LA) was synthetized and administered to an AD rat model to counteract AD progression. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the IBU-LA-mediated induction of Ngb neuroprotective and antiapoptotic activities. METHODS Brain morphology was analyzed through Bielschowsky staining, Aβ(1-40) and Ngb expression by immunohistochemistry. Akt, p-Akt, CREB and p-CREB expression was evaluated by Western blot, apoptosis through cytochrome C/Apaf 1 immunocomplex formation, and TUNEL analysis. RESULTS Bielschowsky staining and Aβ(1-40) expression show few nerve connections and Aβ(1-40) expression in an Aβ sample, preserved neuronal cells and Aβ(1-40) expression lowering in an IBU sample, mostly in IBU-LA. The Ngb level decreases in Aβ samples, compared to control and IBU-LA samples. p-Akt/Akt and p-CREB/CREB ratios reveal a reduction in Aβ sample, going back to the basal level in control and IBU-LA samples. Cytochrome C/Apaf 1 co-immunoprecipitate occurs and TUNEL-positive nuclei percentage decreases in Aβ sample. Probe test performance shows an increased spatial reference memory in the IBU-LA compared to the Aβ sample; no significant differences were seen between the IBU-LA and IBU samples. CONCLUSION This evidence reveals that IBU-LA administration has the capability to maintain a high Ngb level allowing Ngb to perform a neuroprotective and antiapoptotic role, representing a valid tool in the therapeutic strategy of AD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Zara
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Aksenov V, Long J, Liu J, Szechtman H, Khanna P, Matravadia S, Rollo CD. A complex dietary supplement augments spatial learning, brain mass, and mitochondrial electron transport chain activity in aging mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:23-33. [PMID: 22120182 PMCID: PMC3543739 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We developed a complex dietary supplement designed to offset five key mechanisms of aging and tested its effectiveness in ameliorating age-related cognitive decline using a visually cued Morris water maze test. All younger mice (<1 year old) learned the task well. However, older untreated mice (>1 year) were unable to learn the maze even after 5 days, indicative of strong cognitive decline at older ages. In contrast, no cognitive decline was evident in older supplemented mice, even when ∼2 years old. Supplemented older mice were nearly 50% better at locating the platform than age-matched controls. Brain weights of supplemented mice were significantly greater than controls, even at younger ages. Reversal of cognitive decline in activity of complexes III and IV by supplementation was significantly associated with cognitive improvement, implicating energy supply as one possible mechanism. These results represent proof of principle that complex dietary supplements can provide powerful benefits for cognitive function and brain aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Aksenov
- />Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W., Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Jiangang Long
- />Department of Biology and Engineering, Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- />Department of Biology and Engineering, Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Henry Szechtman
- />Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Parul Khanna
- />Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W., Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Sarthak Matravadia
- />Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W., Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4K1
| | - C. David Rollo
- />Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W., Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4K1
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Genest D, Rochais C, Lecoutey C, Oliveira Santos JSD, Ballandonne C, Butt-Gueulle S, Legay R, Since M, Dallemagne P. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel indano- and thiaindano-pyrazoles with potential interest for Alzheimer's disease. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
128
|
Astiz M, de Alaniz MJ, Marra CA. The oxidative damage and inflammation caused by pesticides are reverted by lipoic acid in rat brain. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:1231-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
129
|
Storm J, Müller S. Lipoic acid metabolism of Plasmodium--a suitable drug target. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:3480-9. [PMID: 22607141 PMCID: PMC3426790 DOI: 10.2174/138161212801327266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (6,8-thioctic acid; LA) is a vital co-factor of α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes and the glycine cleavage system. In recent years it was shown that biosynthesis and salvage of LA in Plasmodium are necessary for the parasites to complete their complex life cycle. LA salvage requires two lipoic acid protein ligases (LplA1 and LplA2). LplA1 is confined to the mitochondrion while LplA2 is located in both the mitochondrion and the apicoplast. LplA1 exclusively uses salvaged LA and lipoylates α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase and the H-protein of the glycine cleavage system. LplA2 cannot compensate for the loss of LplA1 function during blood stage development suggesting a specific function for LplA2 that has yet to be elucidated. LA salvage is essential for the intra-erythrocytic and liver stage development of Plasmodium and thus offers great potential for future drug or vaccine development. LA biosynthesis, comprising octanoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) : protein N-octanoyltransferase (LipB) and lipoate synthase (LipA), is exclusively found in the apicoplast of Plasmodium where it generates LA de novo from octanoyl-ACP, provided by the type II fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS II) pathway also present in the organelle. LA is the co-factor of the acetyltransferase subunit of the apicoplast located pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which generates acetyl-CoA, feeding into FAS II. LA biosynthesis is not vital for intra-erythrocytic development of Plasmodium, but the deletion of several genes encoding components of FAS II or PDH was detrimental for liver stage development of the parasites indirectly suggesting that the same applies to LA biosynthesis. These data provide strong evidence that LA salvage and biosynthesis are vital for different stages of Plasmodium development and offer potential for drug and vaccine design against malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Storm
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Macêdo DS, Medeiros CD, Cordeiro RC, Sousa FC, Santos JV, Morais TA, Hyphantis TN, McIntyre RS, Quevedo J, Carvalho AF. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid in an animal model of mania induced by D-amphetamine. Bipolar Disord 2012; 14:707-18. [PMID: 22897629 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress and neurotrophic factors are involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring compound with strong antioxidant properties. The present study investigated ALA effects in an amphetamine-induced model of mania. METHODS In the reversal protocol, adult mice were first given d-amphetamine (AMPH) 2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) or saline for 14 days. Between days 8 and 14, the animals received ALA 50 or 100 mg/kg orally, lithium (Li) 47.5 mg/kg i.p., or saline. In the prevention paradigm, mice were pretreated with ALA, Li, or saline prior to AMPH. Locomotor activity was assessed in the open-field task. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC), and striatum (ST). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured in the HC. RESULTS ALA and Li prevented and reversed the AMPH-induced increase in locomotor activity. PREVENTION MODEL: ALA and Li co-administration with AMPH prevented the decrease in SOD activity induced by AMPH in the HC and ST, respectively; ALA and Li prevented GSH alteration in the HC and TBARS formation in all brain areas studied. REVERSAL MODEL: ALA reversed the decrease in SOD activity in the ST. TBARS formation was reversed by ALA and Li in all brain areas. Furthermore, ALA reversed AMPH-induced decreases in BDNF and GSH in the HC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that ALA, similarly to Li, is effective in reversing and preventing AMPH-induced behavioral and neurochemical alterations, providing a rationale for the design of clinical trials investigating ALA's possible antimanic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Macêdo
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Abstract
Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals with hazardous adverse effects on almost every organ in the body of smokers as well as of nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). There has been increasing interest in the effects of passive smoking on the health of children. In order to detect the magnitude of passive smoking in children, parental questionnaires, measuring nicotine and cotinine body levels, and evaluating expired carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations, have been used. Passive smoking causes respiratory illness, asthma, poor growth, neurological disorders, and coronary heart diseases. Herein, we focused on the deleterious influences of passive smoking on immunity and liver. Besides, its effects on the concentrations of various biomarker levels related to the oxidant/antioxidant status were considered. Understanding these effects may help clinicians to counsel parents on smoking cessation and smoke exposure elimination. It may also help to develop interventions to improve the health of children. This review potentially demonstrated some nutraceuticals with a promising role in the prevention of smoking-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Al-Sayed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khadiga Salah Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Cacciatore I, Baldassarre L, Fornasari E, Cornacchia C, Di Stefano A, Sozio P, Cerasa LS, Fontana A, Fulle S, Di Filippo ES, La Rovere RML, Pinnen F. (R)-α-lipoyl-glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamyl dimethyl ester codrug as a multifunctional agent with potential neuroprotective activities. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:2021-9. [PMID: 22976949 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The (R)-α-lipoyl-glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamyl dimethyl ester codrug (LA-GPE, 1) was synthesized as a new multifunctional drug candidate with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Physicochemical properties, chemical and enzymatic stabilities were evaluated, along with the capacity of LA-GPE to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) according to an in vitro parallel artificial membrane permeability assay for the BBB. We also investigated the potential effectiveness of LA-GPE against the cytotoxicity induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and H2O2 on the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Our results show that codrug 1 is stable at both pH 1.3 and 7.4, exhibits good lipophilicity (log P=1.51) and a pH-dependent permeability profile. Furthermore, LA-GPE was demonstrated to be significantly neuroprotective and to act as an antioxidant against H2O2- and 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cacciatore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti (Italy).
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Modulatory effects of vitamin E, acetyl-l-carnitine and α-lipoic acid on new potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in rat model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:549-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
134
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P Kepp
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Othman AI, El-Missiry MA, Koriem KM, El-Sayed AA. Alfa-lipoic acid protects testosterone secretion pathway and sperm quality against 4-tert-octylphenol induced reproductive toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 81:76-83. [PMID: 22560493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of α-lipoic acid (LA) (50 mg/kg bw) against 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) (50 mg/kg bw) induced reproductive toxicity in male rats was studied. LA was injected 1h prior to OP administration three times a week. OP caused significant increase in oxidative stress in hypothalamus and epididymal sperm, disturbed hormonal levels in serum, decreased sperm quality, increased DNA fragmentation and loss of 35 and 95 kDa proteins in sperm, as well as elevated proliferating index in testis. LA protected against oxidative stress through promoting the levels of glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase in hypothalamus and sperm. In addition, LA prevented the decrease in testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and inhibited the elevations in sex-hormone-binding globulin levels and showed normal sperm quality. LA modulated proliferation of germ cell, protected against DNA fragmentation and maintained membrane protein organization in the sperm. In conclusion, LA normalized oxidative stress and protected testosterone synthesis pathway across hypothalamus-testicular axis and sperm quality indicating its defensive influence against OP-induced oxidative reproductive dysfunction in male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azza I Othman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Ooi L, Sidhu K, Poljak A, Sutherland G, O'Connor MD, Sachdev P, Münch G. Induced pluripotent stem cells as tools for disease modelling and drug discovery in Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 120:103-11. [PMID: 22695755 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that leads to a progressive decline in a person's memory and ability to communicate and carry out daily activities. The brain pathology in AD is characterized by extensive neuronal loss, particularly of cholinergic neurons, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of the tau protein (NFTs) and extracellular deposition of plaques composed of β-amyloid (Aβ), a cleavage product of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These two insoluble protein aggregates are accompanied by a chronic inflammatory response and extensive oxidative damage. Whereas dys-regulation of APP expression or processing appears to be important for the familial, early-onset form of AD, controversy exists between the "Baptists" (in favour of Aβ) and the "Tauists" (in favour of tau) as to which of these two protein dysfunctions occur at the earliest stages or are the most important contributors to the disease process in sporadic AD. However, more and more "non-amyloid" and "non-tau" causes have been proposed, including, glycation, inflammation, oxidative stress and dys-regulation of the cell cycle. However, to get an insight into the ultimate cause of AD, and to prove that any drug target is valuable in AD, disease-relevant models giving insight into the pathogenic processes in AD are urgently needed. In the absence of a good animal model for sporadic AD, we propose in this review that induced pluripotent stem cells, derived from dermal fibroblasts of AD patients, and differentiated into cholinergic neurons, might be a promising novel tool for disease modelling and drug discovery for the sporadic form of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lezanne Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, 1797, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Harding SV, Rideout TC, Jones PJH. Evidence for Using Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Reducing Lipoprotein and Inflammatory Related Atherosclerotic Risk. J Diet Suppl 2012; 9:116-27. [DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2012.683136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott V. Harding
- 1Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London,
London, UK
| | - Todd C. Rideout
- 2Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo,
Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Peter J. H. Jones
- 3Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba,
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Al Abdan M. Alfa-lipoic acid controls tumor growth and modulates hepatic redox state in Ehrlich-ascites-carcinoma-bearing mice. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:509838. [PMID: 23002387 PMCID: PMC3353479 DOI: 10.1100/2012/509838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of oral supplementation of α-lipoic (LA) on growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (EACs) and hepatic antioxidant state in mice was investigated. The results revealed that α-lipoic (LA) acid at 50 mg/kg body wt reduced the viability and volume of EAC cells and increased the survival of the treated animals. In addition, LA normalized oxidative stress in liver of mice-bearing EAC cells evidenced by increasing the levels of total thiols, glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalyse. On the other hand, significant decreases in the levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl were demonstrated in liver indicating controlled oxidative stress in these animals. As a consequence, LA regulated liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. The data also indicated the efficiency of LA as cancer inhibitor and therapeutic influence. In conclusion, the present data suggest LA as a potential therapeutic complement in the treatment or prevention of different pathologies that may be related to an imbalance of the cellular oxidoreductive status associated with malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Al Abdan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nora Bint AbdulRahman University, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Rácz CP, Borodi G, Pop MM, Kacso I, Sánta S, Tomoaia-Cotisel M. Structure of the inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin with lipoic acid from laboratory powder diffraction data. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B: STRUCTURAL SCIENCE 2012; 68:164-70. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108768112004284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin with lipoic acid was determined from laboratory powder diffraction data. Thermogravimetric data was used to estimate the number of water molecules in the crystal structure. Lipoic acid is included in β-cyclodextrin through its primary face with the five-membered ring reaching the center plane of the cyclodextrin cavity and its fatty acid chain adopting a bent conformation. Lipoic acid and β-cyclodextrin form a channel-like packing which is stabilized by guest–host hydrogen bonding and close contacts, host–host intermolecular interactions and hydrogen bonding involving the water molecules.
Collapse
|
140
|
Cheng PY, Lee YM, Chung MT, Shih YC, Yen MH. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in α-lipoic acid-induced vasodilatation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:152-8. [PMID: 22052076 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has recently emerged as an attractive and novel target for the regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction. The present study investigated the vasodilatory effects of α-lipoic acid (α-LA) and the possible mechanism of its action on aortic rings from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Aortae were removed from WKY and SHR, and contractile responses to acetylcholine and α-LA studied in organ chamber. Phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK), phosphorylated Peutz-Jeghers syndrome kinase LKB1 (pLKB1) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKK) protein level were measured in SHR, WKY, and aortic smooth muscle (A10) cells. RESULTS α-LA (1-500 µmol/l) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of precontracted aortic rings from 8- and 16-week-old SHR, but not in those from WKY rats. This vasodilatory effect of α-LA did not change after preincubation with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 µmol/l), but significantly suppressed by an AMPK inhibitor, compound C (40 µmol/l). The expression of pAMPKα, pLKB1, and CaMKK were also significantly reduced in endothelium-denuded arteries from 16-week-old SHR compared with those from younger SHR or age-matched WKY rats. After incubation with α-LA (100 µmol/l), the expression of pAMPKα and pLKB1 was significantly increased in the endothelium-denuded aortas from 16-week-old SHR, the expression of CaMKK was more reduced in the endothelium-denuded aortas of 8-week-old SHR, but this was not observed in WKY rats. α-LA also activated AMPKα phosphorylation in A10 cells. CONCLUSIONS The effects of α-LA on vascular relaxation in SHR result from the enhanced phosphorylation of LKB1-AMPK in aortic smooth muscle.
Collapse
|
141
|
Yao J, Brinton RD. Estrogen regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics: implications for prevention of Alzheimer's disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2012; 64:327-71. [PMID: 22840752 PMCID: PMC3970844 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394816-8.00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a complex and progressive pathological phenotype characterized first by hypometabolism and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics followed by pathological burden. Increasing evidence indicates an antecedent and potentially causal role of mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits and brain hypometabolism coupled with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis. Compromised aerobic glycolysis pathway coupled with oxidative stress is first accompanied by a shift toward a ketogenic pathway that eventually progresses into fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathways and leads to white matter degeneration and overproduction and mitochondrial accumulation of β-amyloid. Estrogen-induced signaling pathways converge upon the mitochondria to enhance mitochondrial function and to sustain aerobic glycolysis coupled with citric acid cycle-driven oxidative phosphorylation to potentiate ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) generation. In addition to potentiated mitochondrial bioenergetics, estrogen also enhances neural survival and health through maintenance of calcium homeostasis, promotion of antioxidant defense against free radicals, efficient cholesterol trafficking, and beta amyloid clearance. Significantly, the convergence of E2 mechanisms of action onto mitochondria is also a potential point of vulnerability when activated in diseased neurons that exacerbates degeneration through increased load on dysregulated calcium homeostasis. The "healthy cell bias of estrogen action" hypothesis examines the role that regulating mitochondrial function and bioenergetics play in promoting neural health and the mechanistic crossroads that lead to divergent outcomes following estrogen exposure. As the continuum of neurological health progresses from healthy to unhealthy, so too do the benefits of estrogen or hormone therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Ghanizadeh A. Gold nanoparticles and lipoic acid as a novel anti-inflammatory treatment for autism, a hypothesis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HYPOTHESES AND IDEAS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
143
|
Miller SL, Wallace EM, Walker DW. Antioxidant therapies: a potential role in perinatal medicine. Neuroendocrinology 2012; 96:13-23. [PMID: 22377769 DOI: 10.1159/000336378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancies complicated by impaired placentation, acute severe reductions in oxygen supply to the fetus, or intrauterine infection are associated with oxidative stress to the mother and developing baby. Such oxidative stress is characterized as an upregulation in the production of oxidative or nitrative free radicals and a concomitant decrease in the availability of antioxidant species, thereby creating a state of fetoplacental oxidative imbalance. Recently, there has been a good deal of interest in the potential for the use of antioxidant therapies in the perinatal period to protect the fetus, particularly the developing brain, against oxidative stress in complications of pregnancy and birth. This review will examine why the immature brain is particularly susceptible to oxidative imbalance and will provide discussion on antioxidant treatments currently receiving attention in the adult and perinatal literature - allopurinol, melatonin, α-lipoic acid, and vitamins C and E. In addition, we aim to address the interaction between oxidative stress and the fetal inflammatory response, an interaction that may be vital when proposing antioxidant or other neuroprotective strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Mengel-From J, Christensen K, Thinggaard M, McGue M, Christiansen L. Genetic variants in the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) gene are modestly associated with normal cognitive function in the elderly. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 10:876-82. [PMID: 21883924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants in the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) gene have been suggested as risk factors for neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we tested the importance of genetic variants in the ChAT gene in normal cognitive function of elderly in a study sample of Danish twins and singletons (N = 2070). The ChAT rs3810950 A allele, which has been associated with increased risk for AD, was found to be associated with a decrease cognitive status evaluated by a five-component cognitive composite score [P = 0.03, regression coefficient -0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.57 to -0.02], and the rs3810950 and rs8178990 ancestral GC haplotype was also associated with better cross-sectional cognitive composite score (P = 0.04, regression coefficient 0.59, 95% CI 0.03 to 1.16). Growth curve model analyses applied to up to 10 years of follow-up data showed that the rs3810950 A allele was associated with a lower cognitive composite score and Mini Mental State Examination at the lowest age (73 years of age), and was lower in the whole interval 73-82 although the absolute difference became smaller with age. Stratification by the presence of the APOE ε4 allele showed that rs3810950 AG/non-APOE ε4 carriers and rs3810950 AA/APOE ε4 carriers were associated with a lower cognitive composite score in younger elderly 73-83 years of age, similar to previous reports of association with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mengel-From
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Rosini M, Simoni E, Bartolini M, Tarozzi A, Matera R, Milelli A, Hrelia P, Andrisano V, Bolognesi ML, Melchiorre C. Exploiting the lipoic acid structure in the search for novel multitarget ligands against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5435-42. [PMID: 21924801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) is a natural antioxidant. Its structure was previously combined with that of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor tacrine to give lipocrine (1), a lead compound multitargeted against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we further explore LA as a privileged structure for developing multimodal compounds to investigate AD. First, we studied the effect of LA chirality by evaluating the cholinesterase profile of 1's enantiomers. Then, a new series of LA hybrids was designed and synthesized by combining racemic LA with motifs of other known anticholinesterase agents (rivastigmine and memoquin). This afforded 4, which represents a step forward in the search for balanced anticholinesterase and antioxidant capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Zara S, Rapino M, Sozio P, Di Stefano A, Nasuti C, Cataldi A. Ibuprofen and lipoic acid codrug 1 control Alzheimer's disease progression by down-regulating protein kinase C ε-mediated metalloproteinase 2 and 9 levels in β-amyloid infused Alzheimer's disease rat model. Brain Res 2011; 1412:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
147
|
Reciprocal effects of α-lipoic acid on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity in obesity induced by ovariectomy in rats. Menopause 2011; 18:1010-7. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31820db576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
148
|
León R, Garcia AG, Marco-Contelles J. Recent advances in the multitarget-directed ligands approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Med Res Rev 2011; 33:139-89. [PMID: 21793014 DOI: 10.1002/med.20248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With 27 million cases worldwide documented in 2006, Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes an overwhelming health, social, economic, and political problem to nations. Unless a new medicine capable to delay disease progression is found, the number of cases will reach 107 million in 2050. So far, the therapeutic paradigm one-compound-one-target has failed. This could be due to the multiple pathogenic mechanisms involved in AD including amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation to form plaques, τ hyperphosphorylation to disrupt microtubule to form neurofibrillary tangles, calcium imbalance, enhanced oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial function, apoptotic neuronal death, and deterioration of synaptic transmission, particularly at cholinergic neurons. Approximately 100 compounds are presently been investigated directed to single targets, namely inhibitors of β and γ secretase, vaccines or antibodies that clear Aβ, metal chelators to inhibit Aβ aggregation, blockers of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, enhancers of mitochondrial function, antioxidants, modulators of calcium-permeable channels such as voltage-dependent calcium channels, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors for glutamate, or enhancers of cholinergic neurotransmission such as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase. In view of this complex pathogenic mechanisms, and the successful treatment of chronic diseases such as HIV or cancer, with multiple drugs having complementary mechanisms of action, the concern is growing that AD could better be treated with a single compound targeting two or more of the pathogenic mechanisms leading to neuronal death. This review summarizes the current therapeutic strategies based on the paradigm one-compound-various targets to treat AD. A treatment that delays disease onset and/or progression by 5 years could halve the number of people requiring institutionalization and/or dying from AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael León
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Lensfield road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Gorąca A, Huk-Kolega H, Piechota A, Kleniewska P, Ciejka E, Skibska B. Lipoic acid – biological activity and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:849-58. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
150
|
Garin D, Oukhatar F, Mahon AB, Try AC, Dubois-Dauphin M, Laferla FM, Demeunynck M, Sallanon MM, Chierici S. Proflavine derivatives as fluorescent imaging agents of amyloid deposits. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2203-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|