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Novel indanone derivatives as MAO B/H 3R dual-targeting ligands for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:487-497. [PMID: 29477889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The design of multi-targeting ligands was developed in the last decades as an innovative therapeutic concept for Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. As the monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) and the histamine H3 receptor (H3R) are promising targets for dopaminergic regulation, we synthetized dual-targeting ligands (DTLs) as non-dopaminergic receptor approach for the treatment of PD. Three series of compounds were developed by attaching the H3R pharmacophore to indanone-related MAO B motifs, leading to development of MAO B/H3R DTLs. Among synthesized indanone DTLs, compounds bearing the 2-benzylidene-1-indanone core structure showed MAO B preferring inhibition capabilities along with nanomolar hH3R affinity. Substitution of C5 and C6 position of the 2-benzylidene-1-indanones with lipophilic substituents revealed three promising candidates exhibiting inhibitory potencies for MAO B with IC50 values ranging from 1931 nM to 276 nM and high affinities at hH3R (Ki < 50 nM). Compound 3f ((E)-5-((4-bromobenzyl)oxy)-2-(4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)benzylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one, MAO B IC50 = 276 nM, hH3R Ki = 6.5 nM) showed highest preference for MAO B over MAO A (SI > 36). Interestingly, IC50 determinations after preincubation of enzyme and DTLs revealed also nanomolar MAO B potency for 3e (MAO B IC50 = 232 nM), a structural isomer of 3f, and 3d (MAO B IC50 = 541 nM), suggesting time-dependent inhibition modes. Reversibility of inhibition for all three compounds were confirmed by dilution studies in excess of substrate. Thus, indanone-substituted derivatives are promising lead structures for the design of MAO B/hH3R DTLs as novel therapeutic approach of PD therapy.
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102
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Carradori S, Secci D, Petzer JP. MAO inhibitors and their wider applications: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:211-226. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1427735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Jacques P. Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University , Potchefstroom, South Africa
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103
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Laurino A, Landucci E, Raimondi L. Central Effects of 3-Iodothyronamine Reveal a Novel Role for Mitochondrial Monoamine Oxidases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:290. [PMID: 29928258 PMCID: PMC5998184 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) is the last iodinated thyronamine generated from thyroid hormone alternative metabolism found circulating in rodents and in humans. So far, the physiopathological meaning of T1AM tissue levels is unknown. Much is instead known on T1AM pharmacological effects in rodents. Such evidence indicates that T1AM acutely modifies, with high potency and effectiveness, rodents' metabolism and behavior, often showing inverted U-shaped dose-response curves. Although several possible targets for T1AM were identified, the mechanism underlying T1AM behavioral effects remains still elusive. T1AM pharmacokinetic features clearly indicate the central nervous system is not a preferential site for T1AM distribution but it is a site where T1AM levels are critically regulated, as it occurs for neuromodulators or neurotransmitters. We here summarize and discuss evidence supporting the hypothesis that central effects of T1AM derive from activation of intracellular and possibly extracellular pathways. In this respect, consisting evidence indicates the intracellular pathway is mediated by the product of T1AM phase-I non-microsomal oxidation, the 3-iodothryoacetic acid, while other data indicate a role for the trace amine-associated receptor, isoform 1, as membrane target of T1AM (extracellular pathway). Overall, these evidence might sustain the non-linear dose-effect curves typically observed when increasing T1AM doses are administered and reveal an interesting and yet unexplored link between thyroid, monoamine oxidases activity and histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Landucci
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Raimondi,
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Mathew B, Uçar G, Rapheal C, Mathew GE, Joy M, Machaba KE, Soliman MES. Characterization of Thienylchalcones as hMAO-B Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biochemistry and Molecular Dynamics Studies. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ahalia School of Pharmacy; Palakkad- 678557, Kerala India
| | - Gülberk Uçar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Hacettepe University; 06100 Sıhhiye Ankara Turkey
| | - Clariya Rapheal
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Ahalia School of Pharmacy; Palakkad- 678557, Kerala India
| | - Githa E. Mathew
- Department of Pharmacology; Grace College of Pharmacy; Palakkad 678004, Kerala India
| | - Monu Joy
- School of Pure & Applied Physics; Mahatma Gandhi University; Kottayam, Kerala- 686560 India
| | - Kgothatso E. Machaba
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Westville, Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Westville, Durban 4001 South Africa
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105
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Suresh J, Baek SC, Ramakrishnan SP, Kim H, Mathew B. Discovery of potent and reversible MAO-B inhibitors as furanochalcones. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:660-664. [PMID: 29195801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of twelve furanochalcones (F1-F12) was synthesized and investigated for their human monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities. Among the series, compound (2E, 4E)-1-(furan-2-yl)-5-phenylpenta-2, 4-dien-1-one (F1), which was analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, showed potent and selective MAO-B inhibitory activity with an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 0.0041 μM and selectivity index of (SI) 172.4, and exhibited competitive inhibition. Introduction of a cinnamyl group to the furanochalcone significantly increased the inhibitory activity. In the dilution-recovery experiments, the residual activities of MAO-A and MAO-B by F1 under the diluted condition fully recovered as compared with the undiluted condition, indicating F1 is a reversible inhibitor. The Ki value of F1 is the lowest among the values of chalcone derivatives and furthermore lower than that (0.0079 μM) of the reversible MAO-B inhibitor, lazabemide, a marketed drug. Molecular docking study against hMAO-B provided the binding site interactions of the lead compound, including strong π-π stacking between the phenyl system and FAD nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerad Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai, 600003, India
| | - Seung Cheol Baek
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, 678557, Kerala, India.
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106
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Mathew B, Mathew GE, Ucar G, Joy M, Nafna E, Lohidakshan KK, Suresh J. Monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity of methoxy-substituted chalcones. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1321-1329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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107
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Biosensor for the characterisation of hMAO B inhibitors and the quantification of selegiline. Talanta 2017; 174:696-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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108
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Tong J, Rathitharan G, Meyer JH, Furukawa Y, Ang LC, Boileau I, Guttman M, Hornykiewicz O, Kish SJ. Brain monoamine oxidase B and A in human parkinsonian dopamine deficiency disorders. Brain 2017; 140:2460-2474. [PMID: 29050386 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
See Jellinger (doi:10.1093/awx190) for a scientific commentary on this article. The enzyme monoamine oxidases (B and A subtypes, encoded by MAOB and MAOA, respectively) are drug targets in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Inhibitors of MAOB are used clinically in Parkinson's disease for symptomatic purposes whereas the potential disease-modifying effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors is debated. As astroglial cells express high levels of MAOB, the enzyme has been proposed as a brain imaging marker of astrogliosis, a cellular process possibly involved in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis as elevation of MAOB in astrocytes might be harmful. Since brain monoamine oxidase status in Parkinson's disease is uncertain, our objective was to measure, by quantitative immunoblotting in autopsied brain homogenates, protein levels of both monoamine oxidases in three different degenerative parkinsonian disorders: Parkinson's disease (n = 11), multiple system atrophy (n = 11), and progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 16) and in matched controls (n = 16). We hypothesized that if MAOB is 'substantially' localized to astroglial cells, MAOB levels should be generally associated with standard astroglial protein measures (e.g. glial fibrillary acidic protein). MAOB levels were increased in degenerating putamen (+83%) and substantia nigra (+10%, non-significant) in multiple system atrophy; in caudate (+26%), putamen (+27%), frontal cortex (+31%) and substantia nigra (+23%) of progressive supranuclear palsy; and in frontal cortex (+33%), but not in substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease, a region we previously reported no increase in astrocyte protein markers. Although the magnitude of MAOB increase was less than those of standard astrocytic markers, significant positive correlations were observed amongst the astrocyte proteins and MAOB. Despite suggestions that MAOA (versus MAOB) is primarily responsible for metabolism of dopamine in dopamine neurons, there was no loss of the enzyme in the parkinsonian substantia nigra; instead, increased nigral levels of a MAOA fragment and 'turnover' of the enzyme were observed in the conditions. Our findings provide support that MAOB might serve as a biochemical imaging marker, albeit not entirely specific, for astrocyte activation in human brain. The observation that MAOB protein concentration is generally increased in degenerating brain areas in multiple system atrophy (especially putamen) and in progressive supranuclear palsy, but not in the nigra in Parkinson's disease, also distinguishes astrocyte behaviour in Parkinson's disease from that in the two 'Parkinson-plus' conditions. The question remains whether suppression of either MAOB in astrocytes or MAOA in dopamine neurons might influence progression of the parkinsonian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Tong
- Preclinical Imaging Unit, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gausiha Rathitharan
- Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshiaki Furukawa
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, University and Post Graduate University of Juntendo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lee-Cyn Ang
- Division of Neuropathology, London Health Science Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Guttman
- Centre for Movement Disorders, Markham, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oleh Hornykiewicz
- Centre for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen J Kish
- Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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109
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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation inhibits Sirt1/MAO-A signaling in the prefrontal cortex in a rat model of depression and cortex-derived astrocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 442:59-72. [PMID: 28948423 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a useful monotherapy for depression or adjunctive therapy for resistant depression. However, the anti-depressive effects of different parameters and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of rTMS with different parameters (1/5/10 Hz, 0.84/1.26 T) on the depressive-like behaviors, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) and DA and NE levels, and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) activity in chronic unpredictable stress-treated rats, along with the expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and MAO-A in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cortex-derived astrocytes from new-born rats. Moreover, the depressive-like behaviors were monitored following the transcranial injection of the Sirt1 inhibitor EX527 (1 mM) daily for 1 week. We found that rTMS treatment (5/10 Hz, 0.84/1.26 T) ameliorated depressive-like behaviors, increased 5-HT, DA and NE levels, decreased the 5-HIAA level and Sirt1 and MAO-A expression, and reduced MAO-A activity in the PFC. The depressive-like behaviors were also ameliorated after the transcranial injection of EX527. Importantly, rTMS (5/10 Hz, 0.84/1.26 T) inhibited Sirt1 and MAO-A expressions in astrocytes and Sirt1 knockdown with short hairpin RNA decreased MAO-A expression in astrocytes. These results suggest that the inhibition of Sirt1/MAO-A expression in astrocytes in the PFC may contribute to the different anti-depressive effects of rTMS with different parameters, and may also provide a novel insight into the mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder.
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110
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Delogu GL, Pintus F, Mayán L, Matos MJ, Vilar S, Munín J, Fontenla JA, Hripcsak G, Borges F, Viña D. MAO inhibitory activity of bromo-2-phenylbenzofurans: synthesis, in vitro study, and docking calculations. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1788-1796. [PMID: 30108888 PMCID: PMC6084085 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme responsible for metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters which play an important role in brain development and function. This enzyme exists in two isoforms, and it has been demonstrated that MAO-B activity, but not MAO-A activity, increases with aging. MAO inhibitors show clinical value because besides the monoamine level regulation they reduce the formation of by-products of the MAO catalytic cycle, which are toxic to the brain. A series of 2-phenylbenzofuran derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated against hMAO-A and hMAO-B enzymes. A bromine substituent was introduced in the 2-phenyl ring, whereas position 5 or 7 of the benzofuran moiety was substituted with a methyl group. Most of the tested compounds inhibited preferentially MAO-B in a reversible manner, with IC50 values in the low micro or nanomolar range. The 2-(2'-bromophenyl)-5-methylbenzofuran (5) was the most active compound identified (IC50 = 0.20 μM). In addition, none of the studied compounds showed cytotoxic activity against the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Molecular docking simulations were used to explain the observed hMAO-B structure-activity relationship for this type of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Delogu
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - F Pintus
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - L Mayán
- Department of Pharmacology - CIMUS University of Santiago de Compostela Avda Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M J Matos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Vilar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, Medical Center of New York, 10032 New York, USA
| | - J Munín
- Department of Pharmacology - CIMUS University of Santiago de Compostela Avda Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J A Fontenla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Hripcsak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, Medical Center of New York, 10032 New York, USA
| | - F Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - D Viña
- Department of Pharmacology - CIMUS University of Santiago de Compostela Avda Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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111
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Costas-Lago MC, Besada P, Rodríguez-Enríquez F, Viña D, Vilar S, Uriarte E, Borges F, Terán C. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of novel 3-heteroarylcoumarins based on pyridazine scaffold as selective MAO-B inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:1-11. [PMID: 28797881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Compounds of hybrid structure pyridazine-coumarin were discovered as potent, selective and reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). These compounds were synthesized in good yield following a multistep approach based on Knoevenagel reaction and using as key intermediate pyridazinone 16, which was obtained from maleic anhydride and furan. Compounds 9b and 9d are the most active compounds of these series, with IC50 values in the sub-micromolar range, and lack of cytotoxic effects. Theoretical calculation of ADME properties also suggested a good pharmacokinetic profile for both compounds. Docking simulations provided insights into enzyme inhibitor interactions and allowed us to rationalize the observed structure-activity relationships (SARs).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Costas-Lago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Pedro Besada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Fernanda Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dolores Viña
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Santiago Vilar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 7500912 Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Terán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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112
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Interaction of misfolded proteins and mitochondria in neurodegenerative disorders. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1025-1033. [PMID: 28733489 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of the people affected by neurodegenerative disorders is growing dramatically due to the ageing of population. The major neurodegenerative diseases share some common pathological features including the involvement of mitochondria in the mechanism of pathology and misfolding and the accumulation of abnormally aggregated proteins. Neurotoxicity of aggregated β-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein and huntingtin is linked to the effects of these proteins on mitochondria. All these misfolded aggregates affect mitochondrial energy metabolism by inhibiting diverse mitochondrial complexes and limit ATP availability in neurones. β-Amyloid, tau, α-synuclein and huntingtin are shown to be involved in increased production of reactive oxygen species, which can be generated in mitochondria or can target this organelle. Most of these aggregated proteins are capable of deregulating mitochondrial calcium handling that, in combination with oxidative stress, lead to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Despite some of the common features, aggregated β-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein and huntingtin have diverse targets in mitochondria that can partially explain neurotoxic effect of these proteins in different brain regions.
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113
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Ramsay RR, Tipton KF. Assessment of Enzyme Inhibition: A Review with Examples from the Development of Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Drugs. Molecules 2017; 22:E1192. [PMID: 28714881 PMCID: PMC6152246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The actions of many drugs involve enzyme inhibition. This is exemplified by the inhibitors of monoamine oxidases (MAO) and the cholinsterases (ChE) that have been used for several pharmacological purposes. This review describes key principles and approaches for the reliable determination of enzyme activities and inhibition as well as some of the methods that are in current use for such studies with these two enzymes. Their applicability and potential pitfalls arising from their inappropriate use are discussed. Since inhibitor potency is frequently assessed in terms of the quantity necessary to give 50% inhibition (the IC50 value), the relationships between this and the mode of inhibition is also considered, in terms of the misleading information that it may provide. Incorporation of more than one functionality into the same molecule to give a multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) requires careful assessment to ensure that the specific target effects are not significantly altered and that the kinetic behavior remains as favourable with the MTDL as it does with the individual components. Such factors will be considered in terms of recently developed MTDLs that combine MAO and ChE inhibitory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona R Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8QP, UK.
| | - Keith F Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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114
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Avsar O, Kuskucu A, Sancak S, Genc E. Are dopaminergic genotypes risk factors for eating behavior and obesity in adults? Neurosci Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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115
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The evaluation of 1,4-benzoquinones as inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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116
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Arakawa R, Stenkrona P, Takano A, Nag S, Maior RS, Halldin C. Test-retest reproducibility of [ 11C]-L-deprenyl-D 2 binding to MAO-B in the human brain. EJNMMI Res 2017. [PMID: 28634836 PMCID: PMC5478550 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background [11C]-l-deprenyl-D2 is a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for measurement of the monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity in vivo brain. The estimation of the test-retest reproducibility is important for accurate interpretation of PET studies. Results We performed two [11C]-l-deprenyl-D2 scans for six healthy subjects and evaluated the test-retest variability of this radioligand. MAO-B binding was quantified by two tissue compartment model (2TCM) with three rate constants (K1, k2, k3) using metabolite-corrected plasma radioactivity. The λk3 defined as (K1/k2) × k3 was also calculated. The correlation between MAO-B binding and age, and the effect of partial volume effect correction (PVEc) for the reproducibility were also estimated. %difference of k3 was 2.6% (medial frontal cortex) to 10.3% (hippocampus), and that of λk3 was 5.0% (thalamus) to 9.2% (cerebellum). Mean %difference of all regions were 5.3 and 7.0% in k3 and λk3, respectively. All regions showed below 10% variabilities except the hippocampus in k3 (10.3%). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of k3 was 0.78 (hippocampus) to 0.98 (medial frontal cortex), and that of λk3 was 0.78 (hippocampus) to 0.95 (thalamus). Mean ICC were 0.94 and 0.89 in k3 and λk3, respectively. The highest positive correlation with age was observed in the hippocampus, as r = 0.75 in k3 and 0.76 in λk3. After PVEc, mean %difference were 5.6 and 7.2% in k3 and λk3, respectively. Mean ICC were 0.92 and 0.90 for k3 and λk3, respectively. These values were almost the same as those before PVEc. Conclusions The present results indicate that k3 and λk3 of [11C]-l-deprenyl-D2 are reliable parameters for test-retest reproducibility with healthy subjects both before and after PVEc. The studies with patients of larger sample size are required for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rafael S Maior
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Primate Center and Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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117
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De Deurwaerdère P, Binda C, Corne R, Leone C, Valeri A, Valoti M, Ramsay RR, Fall Y, Marco-Contelles J. Comparative Analysis of the Neurochemical Profile and MAO Inhibition Properties of N-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-methylprop-2-yn-1-amine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1026-1035. [PMID: 27977122 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of brain monoamine levels is paramount for cognitive functions, and the monoamine oxidase (MAO A and B) enzymes play a central role in these processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the procognitive properties exerted by propargylamine N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-methylprop-2-yn-1-amine (F2MPA) are related to changes in monoamine content via MAO inhibition. In vivo microdialysis and ex vivo amine metabolite measurement demonstrated region-specific alterations in monoamine metabolism that differ from both of the classic MAO A and MAO B inhibitors, clorgyline and l-deprenyl, respectively. Although all the inhibitors (1 and 4 mg/kg) increased cortical serotonin tissue content, only F2MPA increased the levels of cortical noradrenaline. In the striatum, clorgyline (1 mg/kg), but not F2MPA (1 mg/kg), reduced extracellular levels of dopamine metabolites at rest or stimulated by the intrastriatal application of the MAO substrate 3-methoxytyramine. In vitro, F2MPA exhibited a low affinity toward MAO B and MAO A. Nonetheless, it modified the B form of MAO, forming a flavin adduct structurally similar to that with deprenyl. F2MPA was rapidly metabolized in the presence of rat but not human microsomes, producing a hydroxylated derivative. In conclusion, the effect of F2MPA on cognition may arise from monoaminergic changes in the cortex, but the role of MAO in this process is likely to be negligible, consistent with the poor affinity of F2MPA for MAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut
des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR CNRS 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claudia Binda
- Dipartimento
di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rémi Corne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut
des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR CNRS 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cosima Leone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aurora Valeri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rona R. Ramsay
- Biomedical
Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Yagamare Fall
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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118
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Melatonin as a versatile molecule to design novel multitarget hybrids against neurodegeneration. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:765-780. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an indoleamine produced mainly in the pineal gland. The natural decline of melatonin levels with aging strongly contributes to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Pleiotropic actions displayed by melatonin prevent several processes involved in neurodegeneration such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and/or apoptosis. This review focuses on a number of melatonin hybrids resulting from the juxtaposition of tacrine, berberine, tamoxifen, curcumin, N,N-dibenzyl(N-methyl)amine, among others, with potential therapeutic effects for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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119
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Ismaili L, Refouvelet B, Benchekroun M, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Gemma S, Campiani G, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Esteban G, Unzeta M, Nikolic K, Butini S, Marco-Contelles J. Multitarget compounds bearing tacrine- and donepezil-like structural and functional motifs for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 151:4-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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120
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Lee HW, Ryu HW, Kang MG, Park D, Lee H, Shin HM, Oh SR, Kim H. Potent inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by decursin from Angelica gigas Nakai and by wogonin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:598-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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121
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Jung HA, Roy A, Jung JH, Choi JS. Evaluation of the inhibitory effects of eckol and dieckol isolated from edible brown alga Eisenia bicyclis on human monoamine oxidases A and B. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:480-491. [PMID: 28251489 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eckol and dieckol are important phlorotannins found in edible brown algae including Eisenia bicyclis, Ecklonia stolonifera, and others. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) play an important role in the early management of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of eckol and dieckol isolated from the methanolic extract of E. bicyclis against PD by the inhibition of human MAO-A and MAO-B (hMAO-A and hMAO-B). A sensitive enzyme-based chemiluminescent assay and kinetics methods were used to investigate enzyme inhibition and mode of inhibition. A molecular docking simulation was performed to clarify the binding characteristics of eckol and dieckol to hMAO-A and hMAO-B. The results suggested that methanolic extract of E. bicyclis and its isolated phlorotannins, eckol and dieckol, have potent inhibitory activity against hMAO-A and hMAO-B. The enzyme-based kinetics results demonstrated eckol mixed and non-competitive inhibition of hMAO-A and hMAO-B, respectively, while dieckol non-competitively inhibited both hMAOs. Molecular docking simulation predicted that eckol and dieckol exhibit higher binding affinity towards hMAO-A and hMAO-B through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. These findings implicate eckol and dieckol as inhibitors of hMAOs that might be of potential value in the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Anupom Roy
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee H Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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122
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Li Q, Yang H, Chen Y, Sun H. Recent progress in the identification of selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 132:294-309. [PMID: 28371641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders with notable factor of dysfunction in cholinergic system. Low ACh level can be observed in the pathogenesis of AD. Several AChE inhibitors have already been used for clinical treatments. However, other than normal conditions, ACh is mostly hydrolyzed by BuChE in progressed AD. Account for an increased level of BuChE and decreased level of AChE in the late stage of AD, development of selective BuChE inhibitor is of vital importance. Up till now, compounds with various scaffolds have been discovered to selectively inhibit BuChE. Different effective anti-BuChE molecules are concluded in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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123
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Mavrogiorgou P, Juckel G. [Dermatological diseases and their importance for psychiatry]. DER NERVENARZT 2017; 88:254-267. [PMID: 26975652 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-016-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between skin and psychiatric disorders is not an uncommon occurrence in the clinical practice; however, there are only a few systematic studies and in addition knowledge about the neurobiological and immunological mechanisms is lacking. Impairments and disorders of the skin are often an (early) sign of a psychiatric disorder. In the sense of true psychosomatics, psychiatrists should also be aware of this relationship as far as possible. This review article focuses on the most important dermatological diagnoses in relation to the respective psychiatric comorbidities and presents the most important aspects of epidemiology, symptomatology, pathophysiology and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mavrogiorgou
- Klinik für Psychiatrie Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, LWL-Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr Universität Bochum, Alexandrinenstr.1, 44791, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - G Juckel
- Klinik für Psychiatrie Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, LWL-Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr Universität Bochum, Alexandrinenstr.1, 44791, Bochum, Deutschland.
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124
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Liu B, Lv C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Sun J, Cheng X, Mao W, Ma Y, Li S. Effects of eldepryl on glial cell proliferation and activation in the substantia nigra and striatum in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Res 2017; 39:459-467. [PMID: 28276259 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1297911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chaonan Lv
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaohua Cheng
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wenjing Mao
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shiying Li
- First Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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125
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Kaya B, Yurttaş L, Sağlik BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancikli ZA. Novel 1-(2-pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazine derivatives as selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:193-202. [PMID: 28097890 PMCID: PMC6009961 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1247054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a new series of 2-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl 4-substituted piperazine-1-carbodithioate derivatives (2a-n) were synthesized and screened for their monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitory activity. The structures of compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and some physicochemical properties of new compounds were predicted using Molinspiration and MolSoft programs. Compounds 2-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl 4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine-1-carbodithioate (2j) and 2-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl 4-benzhydrylpiperazine-1-carbodithioate (2m) exhibited selective MAO-A inhibitory activity with IC50 = 23.10, 24.14 µM, respectively. Some of the biological results were found in accordance with the obtained in silico data based on Lipinski’s fule of five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Kaya
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlik
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,b Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,b Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,b Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Zafer Asim Kaplancikli
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
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126
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Zinc in the Monoaminergic Theory of Depression: Its Relationship to Neural Plasticity. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:3682752. [PMID: 28299207 PMCID: PMC5337390 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3682752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that zinc possesses antidepressant properties and that it may augment the therapy with conventional, that is, monoamine-based, antidepressants. In this review we aim to discuss the role of zinc in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression with regard to the monoamine hypothesis of the disease. Particular attention will be paid to the recently described zinc-sensing GPR39 receptor as well as aspects of zinc deficiency. Furthermore, an attempt will be made to give a possible explanation of the mechanisms by which zinc interacts with the monoamine system in the context of depression and neural plasticity.
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127
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Ciproxifan, a histamine H 3 receptor antagonist, reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase A and B. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40541. [PMID: 28084411 PMCID: PMC5233962 DOI: 10.1038/srep40541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciproxifan is a well-investigated histamine H3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonist/antagonist, showing an exclusively high species-specific affinity at rodent compared to human H3R. It is well studied as reference compound for H3R in rodent models for neurological diseases connected with neurotransmitter dysregulation, e.g. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or Alzheimer’s disease. In a screening for potential monoamine oxidase A and B inhibition ciproxifan showed efficacy on both enzyme isoforms. Further characterization of ciproxifan revealed IC50 values in a micromolar concentration range for human and rat monoamine oxidases with slight preference for monoamine oxidase B in both species. The inhibition by ciproxifan was reversible for both human isoforms. Regarding inhibitory potency of ciproxifan on rat brain MAO, these findings should be considered, when using high doses in rat models for neurological diseases. As the H3R and monoamine oxidases are all capable of affecting neurotransmitter modulation in brain, we consider dual targeting ligands as interesting approach for treatment of neurological disorders. Since ciproxifan shows only moderate activity at human targets, further investigations in animals are not of primary interest. On the other hand, it may serve as starting point for the development of dual targeting ligands.
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128
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ATLI Ö, ÖZKAY Y. Synthesis and MAO inhibitory activity of novel thiazole-hydrazones. Turk J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1612-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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129
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Dakic V, Maciel RDM, Drummond H, Nascimento JM, Trindade P, Rehen SK. Harmine stimulates proliferation of human neural progenitors. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2727. [PMID: 27957390 PMCID: PMC5144684 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmine is the β-carboline alkaloid with the highest concentration in the psychotropic plant decoction Ayahuasca. In rodents, classical antidepressants reverse the symptoms of depression by stimulating neuronal proliferation. It has been shown that Ayahuasca presents antidepressant effects in patients with depressive disorder. In the present study, we investigated the effects of harmine in cell cultures containing human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs, 97% nestin-positive) derived from pluripotent stem cells. After 4 days of treatment, the pool of proliferating hNPCs increased by 71.5%. Harmine has been reported as a potent inhibitor of the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK1A), which regulates cell proliferation and brain development. We tested the effect of analogs of harmine, an inhibitor of DYRK1A (INDY), and an irreversible selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) but not DYRK1A (pargyline). INDY but not pargyline induced proliferation of hNPCs similarly to harmine, suggesting that inhibition of DYRK1A is a possible mechanism to explain harmine effects upon the proliferation of hNPCs. Our findings show that harmine enhances proliferation of hNPCs and suggest that inhibition of DYRK1A may explain its effects upon proliferation in vitro and antidepressant effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Dakic
- IDOR, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Hannah Drummond
- IDOR, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Nascimento
- IDOR, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology/Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo Trindade
- IDOR, D'Or Institute for Research and Education , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Stevens K Rehen
- IDOR, D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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130
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Monoamine Oxidase Is Overactivated in Left and Right Ventricles from Ischemic Hearts: An Intriguing Therapeutic Target. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4375418. [PMID: 28044091 PMCID: PMC5156804 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4375418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a key role in human heart failure (HF). Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is emerging as a major ROS source in several cardiomyopathies. However, little is known about MAO activity in human failing heart and its relationship with redox imbalance. Therefore, we measured MAO activity in the left (LV) and in the right (RV) ventricle of human nonfailing (NF) and in end-stage ischemic (IHD) and nonischemic failing hearts. We found that both MAO isoforms (MAO-A/B) significantly increased in terms of activity and expression levels only in IHD ventricles. Catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activities (ALDH-2), both implicated in MAO-catalyzed catecholamine catabolism, were significantly elevated in the failing LV, whereas, in the RV, statistical significance was observed only for ALDH-2. Oxidative stress markers levels were significantly increased only in the failing RV. Actin oxidation was significantly elevated in both failing ventricles and related to MAO-A activity and to functional parameters. These data suggest a close association between MAO-A-dependent ROS generation, actin oxidation, and ventricular dysfunction. This latter finding points to a possible pathogenic role of MAO-A in human myocardial failure supporting the idea that MAO-A could be a new therapeutic target in HF.
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131
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Mathew B, Uçar G, Mathew GE, Mathew S, Kalatharakkal Purapurath P, Moolayil F, Mohan S, Varghese Gupta S. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity: Methyl- versus Chlorochalcone Derivatives. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2649-2655. [PMID: 27902880 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that chalcones are promising scaffolds for the development of new monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors. As a continuation of our ongoing research into the development of reversible human MAO-B (hMAO-B) inhibitors, two series of twenty chalcones containing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents were synthesized. All compounds were found to be competitive, selective, and reversible inhibitors of hMAO-B except (2E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (P7) and (2E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (P17), which were found to be selective inhibitors of hMAO-A. The most potent hMAO-B inhibitor, (2E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-ethylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (P16), showed a Ki value of 0.11±0.01 μm. Molecular docking simulations were carried out to identify the hypothetical binding mode for the most potent compounds in the active sites of hMAO-A and B. The ability of the compounds to cross the blood-brain barrier was assessed by parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). Additionally, the most potent hMAO-B inhibitor P16 showed no toxicity in cultured hepatic cells at concentrations of 5 and 25 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, 678557, Kerala, India
| | - Gülberk Uçar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sincy Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad, 678004, Kerala, India
| | | | - Fasil Moolayil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad, 678004, Kerala, India
| | - Smrithy Mohan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad, 678004, Kerala, India
| | - Sheeba Varghese Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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Di Giovanni G, Svob Strac D, Sole M, Unzeta M, Tipton KF, Mück-Šeler D, Bolea I, Della Corte L, Nikolac Perkovic M, Pivac N, Smolders IJ, Stasiak A, Fogel WA, De Deurwaerdère P. Monoaminergic and Histaminergic Strategies and Treatments in Brain Diseases. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:541. [PMID: 27932945 PMCID: PMC5121249 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoaminergic systems are the target of several drugs for the treatment of mood, motor and cognitive disorders as well as neurological conditions. In most cases, advances have occurred through serendipity, except for Parkinson's disease where the pathophysiology led almost immediately to the introduction of dopamine restoring agents. Extensive neuropharmacological studies first showed that the primary target of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anxiolytic drugs were specific components of the monoaminergic systems. Later, some dramatic side effects associated with older medicines were shown to disappear with new chemical compounds targeting the origin of the therapeutic benefit more specifically. The increased knowledge regarding the function and interaction of the monoaminergic systems in the brain resulting from in vivo neurochemical and neurophysiological studies indicated new monoaminergic targets that could achieve the efficacy of the older medicines with fewer side-effects. Yet, this accumulated knowledge regarding monoamines did not produce valuable strategies for diseases where no monoaminergic drug has been shown to be effective. Here, we emphasize the new therapeutic and monoaminergic-based strategies for the treatment of psychiatric diseases. We will consider three main groups of diseases, based on the evidence of monoamines involvement (schizophrenia, depression, obesity), the identification of monoamines in the diseases processes (Parkinson's disease, addiction) and the prospect of the involvement of monoaminergic mechanisms (epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, stroke). In most cases, the clinically available monoaminergic drugs induce widespread modifications of amine tone or excitability through neurobiological networks and exemplify the overlap between therapeutic approaches to psychiatric and neurological conditions. More recent developments that have resulted in improved drug specificity and responses will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Montse Sole
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Keith F. Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
| | - Dorotea Mück-Šeler
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Irene Bolea
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilse J. Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Stasiak
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | - Wieslawa A. Fogel
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293), Institut of Neurodegenerative DiseasesBordeaux Cedex, France
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133
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Svob Strac D, Pivac N, Smolders IJ, Fogel WA, De Deurwaerdere P, Di Giovanni G. Monoaminergic Mechanisms in Epilepsy May Offer Innovative Therapeutic Opportunity for Monoaminergic Multi-Target Drugs. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:492. [PMID: 27891070 PMCID: PMC5102907 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of experimental and clinical evidence has strongly suggested that monoamines play an important role in regulating epileptogenesis, seizure susceptibility, convulsions, and comorbid psychiatric disorders commonly seen in people with epilepsy (PWE). However, neither the relative significance of individual monoamines nor their interaction has yet been fully clarified due to the complexity of these neurotransmitter systems. In addition, epilepsy is diverse, with many different seizure types and epilepsy syndromes, and the role played by monoamines may vary from one condition to another. In this review, we will focus on the role of serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, histamine, and melatonin in epilepsy. Recent experimental, clinical, and genetic evidence will be reviewed in consideration of the mutual relationship of monoamines with the other putative neurotransmitters. The complexity of epileptic pathogenesis may explain why the currently available drugs, developed according to the classic drug discovery paradigm of "one-molecule-one-target," have turned out to be effective only in a percentage of PWE. Although, no antiepileptic drugs currently target specifically monoaminergic systems, multi-target directed ligands acting on different monoaminergic proteins, present on both neurons and glia cells, may represent a new approach in the management of seizures, and their generation as well as comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilse J. Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussels, Belgium
| | - Wieslawa A. Fogel
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | | | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of MaltaMsida, Malta
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134
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Chaurasiya ND, Gogineni V, Elokely KM, León F, Núñez MJ, Klein ML, Walker LA, Cutler SJ, Tekwani BL. Isolation of Acacetin from Calea urticifolia with Inhibitory Properties against Human Monoamine Oxidase-A and -B. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2538-2544. [PMID: 27754693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Calea urticifolia (Asteraceae: Asteroideae) has long been used as a traditional medicine in El Salvador to treat arthritis and fever, among other illnesses. The chloroform extract of the leaves of C. urticifolia showed potent inhibition of recombinant human monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and -B). Further bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of a flavonoid, acacetin, as the most prominent MAO inhibitory constituent, with IC50 values of 121 and 49 nM for MAO-A and -B, respectively. The potency of MAO inhibition by acacetin was >5-fold higher for MAO-A (0.121 μM vs 0.640 μM) and >22-fold higher for MAO-B (0.049 μM vs 1.12 μM) as compared to apigenin, the closest flavone structural analogue. Interaction and binding characteristics of acacetin with MAO-A and -B were determined by enzyme-kinetic assays, enzyme-inhibitor complex binding, equilibrium-dialysis dissociation analyses, and computation analysis. Follow-up studies showed reversible binding of acacetin with human MAO-A and -B, resulting in competitive inhibition. Acacetin showed more preference toward MAO-B than to MAO-A, suggesting its potential for eliciting selective pharmacological effects that might be useful in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In addition, the binding modes of acacetin at the enzymatic site of MAO-A and -B were predicted through molecular modeling algorithms, illustrating the high importance of ligand interaction with negative and positive free energy regions of the enzyme active site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khaled M Elokely
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tanta University , Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | | | - Marvin J Núñez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, University of El Salvador , San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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135
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Andrade JMDM, Maurmann N, Pranke P, Turatti ICC, Lopes NP, Henriques AT. Identification of compounds from non-polar fractions of Blechnum spp and a multitarget approach involving enzymatic modulation and oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 69:89-98. [PMID: 27747875 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hexane (HEX) and dichloromethane (DCM) fractions from Blechnum binervatum, Blechnum brasiliense and Blechnum occidentale were studied about phytochemicals and biological properties using multitarget approach. METHODS The chemical composition was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS) analysis. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated against free radicals and on lipid peroxidation. Monoamine oxidases (MAO) and cholinesterases enzymatic modulation, as well as effects on rat and human cells, were assessed. KEY FINDINGS The CG-MS analysis allowed the identification of a non-polar compound series, being neophytadiene the major constituent in all DCM fractions and in HEX fractions from B. binervatum and B. occidentale. In B. brasiliense HEX fraction, β-sitosterol was the main compound. In general, B. brasiliense DCM fraction presented the highest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values around 9, 2 and 1.2 times lower than those found for the other species, against HO˙, NO˙ and on lipid peroxidation, respectively. Regarding enzyme modulations, B. brasiliense DCM fraction presented higher MAO-A inhibition (IC50 : 31.83 μg/ml), with a better selectivity index (SI MAO-A/MAO-B: 6.77). The lack of harmful effects was observed in rat cells, also highlighted in the stem cells for all Blechnum samples. CONCLUSION These findings encourage the search for multibinding natural products, mainly from B. brasiliense DCM fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Maria de Mello Andrade
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natasha Maurmann
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pranke
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Stem Cell Research Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amélia T Henriques
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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136
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Finberg JPM, Rabey JM. Inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B in Psychiatry and Neurology. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:340. [PMID: 27803666 PMCID: PMC5067815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B are in clinical use for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders respectively. Elucidation of the molecular structure of the active sites of the enzymes has enabled a precise determination of the way in which substrates and inhibitor molecules are metabolized, or inhibit metabolism of substrates, respectively. Despite the knowledge of the strong antidepressant efficacy of irreversible MAO inhibitors, their clinical use has been limited by their side effect of potentiation of the cardiovascular effects of dietary amines (“cheese effect”). A number of reversible MAO-A inhibitors which are devoid of cheese effect have been described in the literature, but only one, moclobemide, is currently in clinical use. The irreversible inhibitors of MAO-B, selegiline and rasagiline, are used clinically in treatment of Parkinson's disease, and a recently introduced reversible MAO-B inhibitor, safinamide, has also been found efficacious. Modification of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of selegiline by transdermal administration has led to the development of a new drug form for treatment of depression. The clinical potential of MAO inhibitors together with detailed knowledge of the enzyme's binding site structure should lead to future developments with these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P M Finberg
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
| | - Jose M Rabey
- Assaf Harofe Medical Center, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
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137
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Wu MY, Esteban G, Brogi S, Shionoya M, Wang L, Campiani G, Unzeta M, Inokuchi T, Butini S, Marco-Contelles J. Donepezil-like multifunctional agents: Design, synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:864-879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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138
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Effects and mechanism of action of isatin, a MAO inhibitor, on in vivo striatal dopamine release. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:147-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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139
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Ramsay RR, Majekova M, Medina M, Valoti M. Key Targets for Multi-Target Ligands Designed to Combat Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:375. [PMID: 27597816 PMCID: PMC4992697 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Compounds that interact with multiple targets but minimally with the cytochrome P450 system (CYP) address the many factors leading to neurodegeneration.Acetyl- and Butyryl-cholineEsterases (AChE, BChE) and Monoamine Oxidases A/B (MAO A, MAO B) are targets for Multi-Target Designed Ligands (MTDL).ASS234 is an irreversible inhibitor of MAO A >MAO B and has micromolar potency against the cholinesterases.ASS234 is a poor CYP substrate in human liver, yielding the depropargylated metabolite.SMe1EC2, a stobadine derivative, showed high radical scavenging property, in vitro and in vivo giving protection in head trauma and diabetic damage of endothelium.Control of mitochondrial function and morphology by manipulating fission and fusion is emerging as a target area for therapeutic strategies to decrease the pathological outcome of neurodegenerative diseases. Growing evidence supports the view that neurodegenerative diseases have multiple and common mechanisms in their aetiologies. These multifactorial aspects have changed the broadly common assumption that selective drugs are superior to "dirty drugs" for use in therapy. This drives the research in studies of novel compounds that might have multiple action mechanisms. In neurodegeneration, loss of neuronal signaling is a major cause of the symptoms, so preservation of neurotransmitters by inhibiting the breakdown enzymes is a first approach. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the drugs preferentially used in AD and that one of these, rivastigmine, is licensed also for PD. Several studies have shown that monoamine oxidase (MAO) B, located mainly in glial cells, increases with age and is elevated in Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson's Disease's (PD). Deprenyl, a MAO B inhibitor, significantly delays the initiation of levodopa treatment in PD patients. These indications underline that AChE and MAO are considered a necessary part of multi-target designed ligands (MTDL). However, both of these targets are simply symptomatic treatment so if new drugs are to prevent degeneration rather than compensate for loss of neurotransmitters, then oxidative stress and mitochondrial events must also be targeted. MAO inhibitors can protect neurons from apoptosis by mechanisms unrelated to enzyme inhibition. Understanding the involvement of MAO and other proteins in the induction and regulation of the apoptosis in mitochondria will aid progress toward strategies to prevent the loss of neurons. In general, the oxidative stress observed both in PD and AD indicate that antioxidant properties are a desirable part of MTDL molecules. After two or more properties are incorporated into one molecule, the passage from a lead compound to a therapeutic tool is strictly linked to its pharmacokinetic and toxicity. In this context the interaction of any new molecules with cytochrome P450 and other xenobiotic metabolic processes is a crucial point. The present review covers the biochemistry of enzymes targeted in the design of drugs against neurodegeneration and the cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of MTDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona R. Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. AndrewsSt. Andrews, UK
| | - Magdalena Majekova
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milagros Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias and BIFI, Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di SienaSiena, Italy
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140
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Lee HW, Ryu HW, Kang MG, Park D, Oh SR, Kim H. Potent selective monoamine oxidase B inhibition by maackiain, a pterocarpan from the roots of Sophora flavescens. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4714-4719. [PMID: 27575476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzes the oxidation of monoamines and its two isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B, break down neurotransmitter amines. Of the compounds isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens, (-)-maackiain (4), a pterocarpan, was found to potently and selectively inhibit human MAO-B, with an IC50 of 0.68μM, and to have a selectivity index of 126.2 for MAO-B. As compared with other herbal natural products, the IC50 value of 4 for MAO-B is one of the lowest reported to date. Genistein (1) highly, effectively and non-selectively inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 values of 3.9μM and 4.1μM, respectively. (-)-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan (2) effectively and non-selectively inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 values of 20.3μM and 10.3μM, respectively. In addition, compound 4 reversibly and competitively inhibited MAO-B with a Ki value of 0.054μM. Molecular docking simulation revealed that the binding affinity of 4 for MAO-B (-26.6kcal/mol) was greater than its affinity for MAO-A (-8.3kcal/mol), which was in-line with our inhibitory activity findings. Furthermore, Cys172 of MAO-B was found to be a key residue for hydrogen bonding with compound 4. The findings of this study suggest compound 4 be viewed as a new potent, selective, and reversible MAO-B inhibitor, and that compounds 1 and 2 be considered useful lead compounds for the developments of nonselective and reversible MAO inhibitors for the treatment of disorders like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer disease, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyun Kang
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea.
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141
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Schulz D, Henn FA, Petri D, Huston JP. Rats bred for helplessness exhibit positive reinforcement learning deficits which are not alleviated by an antidepressant dose of the MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl. Neuroscience 2016; 329:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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142
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García-Fuster MJ, García-Sevilla JA. Effects of anti-depressant treatments on FADD and p-FADD protein in rat brain cortex: enhanced anti-apoptotic p-FADD/FADD ratio after chronic desipramine and fluoxetine administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2955-71. [PMID: 27259485 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fas-associated death domain (FADD) is an adaptor of death receptors that can also induce anti-apoptotic actions through its phosphorylated form (p-FADD). Activation of monoamine receptors, indirect targets of classic anti-depressant drugs (ADs), reduced FADD and increased p-FADD and p-FADD/FADD ratio in brain. OBJECTIVES To ascertain whether ADs, which indirectly regulate monoamine receptors, modulate FADD protein forms to promote anti-apoptotic actions. METHODS The effects of selected norepinephrine transporter (NET), serotonin transporter (SERT), monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, atypical ADs, and electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or behavioral procedures (forced swim test, FST) on FADD forms and pro-survival FADD-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (FLIP-L) and phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes of 15 kDa (p-PEA-15) contents were assessed in rat brain cortex by western blot analysis. RESULTS Acute NET (e.g., nisoxetine) but not SERT (e.g., fluoxetine) inhibitors decreased cortical FADD (up to 37 %) and increased p-FADD/FADD ratio (up to 1.9-fold). Nisoxetine effects were prevented by α2-antagonist RX-821002, suggesting the involvement of presynaptic α2-autoreceptors. Immobility time in the FST correlated with increases of pro-apoptotic FADD and decreases of anti-apoptotic p-FADD. The MAO-A/B inhibitor phenelzine decreased FADD (up to 33 %) and increased p-FADD (up to 65 %) and p-FADD/FADD (up to 2.4-fold). Other MAO inhibitors (clorgyline, Ro 41-1049, rasagiline), atypical ADs (ketamine and mirtazapine), or ECS did not modulate cortical FADD. Chronic (14 days) desipramine and fluoxetine, but not phenelzine, increased p-FADD (up to 59 %), p-FADD/FADD ratio (up to 1.8-fold), and pro-survival p-PEA-15 (up to 46 %) in rat brain cortex. CONCLUSIONS Multifunctional FADD protein, through an increased p-FADD/FADD ratio, could participate in the mechanisms of anti-apoptotic actions induced by ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Julia García-Fuster
- Neurobiology of Drug Abuse Group, IUNICS/IdISPa, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. .,Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, IUNICS/IdISPa, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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143
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Fišar Z. Drugs related to monoamine oxidase activity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 69:112-24. [PMID: 26944656 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progress in understanding the role of monoamine neurotransmission in pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders was made after the discovery of the mechanisms of action of psychoactive drugs, including monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. The increase in monoamine neurotransmitter availability, decrease in hydrogen peroxide production, and neuroprotective effects evoked by MAO inhibitors represent an important approach in the development of new drugs for the treatment of mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. New drugs are synthesized by acting as multitarget-directed ligands, with MAO, acetylcholinesterase, and iron chelation as targets. Basic information is summarized in this paper about the drug-induced regulation of monoaminergic systems in the brain, with a focus on MAO inhibition. Desirable effects of MAO inhibition include increased availability of monoamine neurotransmitters, decreased oxidative stress, decreased formation of neurotoxins, induction of pro-survival genes and antiapoptotic factors, and improved mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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144
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Zhang DL, Liu SY, Zhang J, Zhang JK, Hu CX, Liu YD. Respiratory toxicity of cyanobacterial aphantoxins from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae DC-1 in the zebrafish gill. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 176:106-115. [PMID: 27130970 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aphantoxins from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae are frequently identified in eutrophic waterbodies worldwide. These toxins severely endanger environmental safety and human health due to the production of paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs). Although the molecular mechanisms of aphantoxin neurotoxicity have been studied, many questions remain to be resolved such as in vivo alterations in branchial histology and neurotransmitter inactivation induced by these neurotoxins. Aphantoxins extracted from a naturally isolated strain of A. flos-aquae DC-1 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The basic components of the isolated aphantoxins identified were gonyautoxin 1 (GTX1), gonyautoxin 5 (GTX5), and neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), which comprised 34.04, 21.28, and 12.77% of the total, respectively. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) was administrated 5.3 or 7.61mg STX equivalents (eq)/kg (low and high doses, respectively) of the A. flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins by intraperitoneal injection. Histological alterations and changes in neurotransmitter inactivation in the gills of zebrafish were investigated for 24h following exposure. Aphantoxin exposure significantly increased the activities of gill alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and resulted in histological alterations in the gills during the first 12h of exposure, indicating the induction of functional and structural damage. Gill acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities were inhibited significantly, suggesting an alteration of neurotransmitter inactivation in zebrafish gills. The observed alterations in gill structure and function followed a time- and dose-dependent pattern. The results demonstrate that aphantoxins or PSPs lead to structural damage and altered function in the gills of zebrafish, including changes in histological structure and increases in the activities of AST and ALT. The inhibition of the activities of AChE and MAO suggest that aphantoxins or PSPs could induce respiratory toxicity in the zebrafish gill. Furthermore, these parameters may be used as bioindicators for investigating aphantoxin exposure and cyanobacterial blooms in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Lu Zhang
- Department of Lifescience and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Si Yi Liu
- Department of Lifescience and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Jian Kun Zhang
- Department of Lifescience and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Chun Xiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Yong Ding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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145
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Osinga TE, Kema IP, Kerstens MN, de Jong WHA, van Faassen M, Dullaart RPF, Links TP, van der Horst-Schrivers ANA. No influence of antihypertensive agents on plasma free metanephrines. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1368-1371. [PMID: 27291837 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension can be the predominant sign of pheochromocytoma (PCC) and sympathetic paraganglioma (sPGL) and screening for PCC/sPGL is often performed in patients who are already being treated with antihypertensive agents. There is very little information about the influence of antihypertensive drugs on plasma free metanephrines. The aim of this study was to determine whether commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs can falsely elevate plasma free metanephrines concentrations measured by LC-MS/MS analysis. METHODS In a prospective study we included patients with newly diagnosed hypertension, who started monotherapy with an antihypertensive agent (i.e. β-blocker, thiazide diuretic or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor). Plasma free metanephrine (MN) and normetanephrine (NMN) levels were measured before and one month after the start of the medication quantified by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Between 2009 and 2014, 39 patients were included (β-blocker n=13, thiazide diuretic n=14 and ACE inhibitor n=12). In the whole group, the median plasma free MN and NMN concentrations at baseline were 0.19 [0.17-0.26] nmol/L and 0.56 [0.38-0.95] nmol/L. One month after the start of antihypertensive treatment, the median plasma free MN and NMN concentrations were comparable; 0.20 [0-16-0.24] nmol/L and 0.63 [0.39-0.75] nmol/L, respectively (P=0.43 and P=0.39). Separate analysis for each of the three antihypertensive agents examined did not reveal any significant changes in the median plasma free MN and NMN concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of plasma free MN and NMN with LC-MS/MS is not affected by use of β-blockers, diuretics and ACE inhibitors. Withdrawal of these drugs prior to the quantification of plasma metanephrines is therefore not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamara E Osinga
- Department of Endocrinology (AA31), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO-box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (EA61), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO-box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel N Kerstens
- Department of Endocrinology (AA31), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO-box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilhelmina H A de Jong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (EA61), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO-box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (EA61), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO-box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology (AA31), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO-box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thera P Links
- Department of Endocrinology (AA31), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO-box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anouk N A van der Horst-Schrivers
- Department of Endocrinology (AA31), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO-box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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146
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Moreno LCGEAI, Rolim HML, Freitas RM, Santos-Magalhães NS. Antidepressant-like activity of liposomal formulation containing nimodipine treatment in the tail suspension test, forced swim test and MAOB activity in mice. Brain Res 2016; 1646:235-240. [PMID: 27270234 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that intracellular calcium ion dysfunction may be an etiological factor in affective illness. Nimodipine (NMD) is a Ca(2+) channel blocker that has been extensively investigated for therapy of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this work, we have evaluated the antidepressant-like activity of nimodipine encapsulated into liposomes (NMD-Lipo) in mice through tail suspension and forced swim assays, as well as MAOB activity. During the tail suspension test, the administration of NMD-Lipo at 0.1, 1 and 10mg/kg was able to promote a reduction in the immobility time of animals greater than the positive control (imipramine). In the forced swim test, the immobility time of mice treated with NMD-Lipo was reduced. This reduction was significantly greater than that found in the animals treated with imipramine and paroxetine. This may suggest that NMD-Lipo provides more antidepressant-like activity than in positive controls. The groups that received a combination of liposomal NMD and antidepressant drugs showed lower immobility time than the groups, which were treated only with imipramine or paroxetine. The mice treated with the combination of NMD-Lipo and reserpine presented an increase in the time of immobility compared with animals treated only with NMD-Lipo. There was a significant decrease in MAOB activity in animals treated with NMD-Lipo compared with untreated animals. The results of the tail suspension test, forced swim test and MAOB activity suggested that the antidepressant activity of NMD-Lipo may be related to an increase in the cerebral monoamine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Clara Gayoso E Almendra Ibiapina Moreno
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurochemistry Research, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Immunophatology Keizo-Asami Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Hercília Maria Lins Rolim
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurochemistry Research, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Rivelilson Mendes Freitas
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurochemistry Research, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
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147
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Khatri DK, Juvekar AR. Kinetics of Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase Using Curcumin and Ellagic Acid. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S116-20. [PMID: 27279695 PMCID: PMC4883067 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.182168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Curcumin and ellagic are the natural polyphenols having a wide range of pharmacological actions. They have been reported to have their use in various neurological disorders. Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin and ellagic acid on the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO), the enzyme responsible for metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters which are pivotal for neuronal development and function. Materials and Methods: The in vitro effects of these selected polyphenols on MAO activities in mitochondria isolated from rat brains were examined. Brain mitochondria were assayed for MAO type-B (MAO-B) using benzylamine as substrates. Rat brain mitochondrial MAO preparation was used to study the kinetics of enzyme inhibition using double reciprocal Lineweaver–Burk plot. Results: MAO activity was inhibited by curcumin and ellagic acid; however, higher half maximal inhibitory concentrations of curcumin (500.46 nM) and ellagic acid (412.24 nM) were required compared to the known MAO-B inhibitor selegiline. It is observed that the curcumin and ellagic acid inhibit the MAO activity with both the competitive and noncompetitive type of inhibitions. Conclusions: Curcumin and ellagic acid can be considered a possible source of MAO inhibitor used in the treatment of Parkinson's and other neurological disorders. SUMMARY Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is involved in a variety of neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD) Curcumin and ellagic acid inhibit the monoamine oxidase activity Ellagic acid revealed more potent MAO type-B (MAO-B) inhibitory activity than curcumin Kinetic studies of MAO inhibition using different concentrations of curcumin and ellagic acid were plotted as double reciprocal Lineweaver–Burk plot The mode of inhibition of both compounds toward MAO-B is mixed (competitive and uncompetitive) type of inhibition with both the competitive and noncompetitive type of inhibitions.
Abbreviations used: MAO: Monoamine oxidase, IC50: Higher half maximal inhibitory concentrations, PD: Parkinson's disease, LB: Lewy bodies, SNpc: Substantia nigra pars compacta, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, SG: Selegiline, DMC: demethoxycurcumin, BDMC: Bisdemethoxycurcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Institute of Chemical Technology, (University under Section 3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status and Centre of Excellence, Government of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Ramesh Juvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Institute of Chemical Technology, (University under Section 3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status and Centre of Excellence, Government of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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148
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4-Organoseleno-Isoquinolines Selectively and Reversibly Inhibit the Cerebral Monoamine Oxidase B Activity. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:135-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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149
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Garcia-Miralles M, Ooi J, Ferrari Bardile C, Tan LJ, George M, Drum CL, Lin RY, Hayden MR, Pouladi MA. Treatment with the MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline elevates monoamine neurotransmitter levels and improves affective phenotypes in a mouse model of Huntington disease. Exp Neurol 2016; 278:4-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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150
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De Deurwaerdère P, Di Giovanni G. Serotonergic modulation of the activity of mesencephalic dopaminergic systems: Therapeutic implications. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 151:175-236. [PMID: 27013075 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery in the mammalian brain, it has been apparent that serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) interactions play a key role in normal and abnormal behavior. Therefore, disclosure of this interaction could reveal important insights into the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia, depression and drug addiction or neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease and Tourette's syndrome. Unfortunately, this interaction remains difficult to study for many reasons, including the rich and widespread innervations of 5-HT and DA in the brain, the plethora of 5-HT receptors and the release of co-transmitters by 5-HT and DA neurons. The purpose of this review is to present electrophysiological and biochemical data showing that endogenous 5-HT and pharmacological 5-HT ligands modify the mesencephalic DA systems' activity. 5-HT receptors may control DA neuron activity in a state-dependent and region-dependent manner. 5-HT controls the activity of DA neurons in a phasic and excitatory manner, except for the control exerted by 5-HT2C receptors which appears to also be tonically and/or constitutively inhibitory. The functional interaction between the two monoamines will also be discussed in view of the mechanism of action of antidepressants, antipsychotics, anti-Parkinsonians and drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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