101
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Zeng J, Robertson ID, Ji Q, Dawa Y, Bruce M. Evaluation of the economic impact of brucellosis in domestic yaks of Tibet. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:476-487. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang‐Yong Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Department of Veterinary Tibet Livestock Research Institute Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science Lhasa City Tibet China
| | - Ian D. Robertson
- College of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia
- China‐Australia Joint Research and Training Center for Veterinary Epidemiology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Qiu‐Mei Ji
- Department of Veterinary Tibet Livestock Research Institute Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science Lhasa City Tibet China
| | - Yang‐La Dawa
- Department of Veterinary Tibet Livestock Research Institute Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science Lhasa City Tibet China
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- College of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia
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102
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Liu ZG, Wang LJ, Piao DR, Wang M, Liu RH, Zhao HY, Cui BY, Jiang H. Molecular Investigation of the Transmission Pattern of Brucella suis 3 From Inner Mongolia, China. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:271. [PMID: 30420955 PMCID: PMC6215816 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an endemic disease in China affecting both humans and livestock. The aim of the present study was to analyze two Brucella strains isolated from sheep spleens from Ulanqab in Inner Mongolia, China using classical and molecular typing techniques. The two strains were identified as Brucella suis biovar 3 and were closely related to isolates previously obtained from two different hosts (human and swine) in Guangxi Province. Our results suggest that B. suis can be directly or indirectly transferred from swine to sheep, which act as reservoirs for B. suis infection and later transmitted to humans. Multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) is a useful tool for tracing the geographical origin of brucellosis infections and elucidating its transmission patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Hulun Buir People's Hospital of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - Dong-Ri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Ri-Hong Liu
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bu-Yun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regeion, Tongliao, China
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103
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The Evaluation of Brucella Spp. Isolation Rates in Ruminant Abortion Cases by Using Different Selective Media. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the success of Brucella spp. isolation in ruminant abortion cases by using different selective media. To this end, 58 samples from ruminant abortion cases were utilized. 4 selective media; namely, Farrell Medium (FM), CITA Medium (CM), Modified Thayer Martin (MTM) and Jones & Morgan (JM) were preferred for isolation. In addition to these, one medium with antibiotics was used to extend the range of the results. Suspensions prepared from organ and fetal stomach contents were inoculated to media plates and incubated at 37C° for 5-8 days in 5-10% CO2 condition. Conventional biotyping method was used to identify Brucella isolates within the level of species and biovar. MTM (67.2%) and Farrell (65.5%) outperformed the other media with regards to isolation rate. However, regarding the inhibition ability against contaminant microrganisms, Farrell (86.2%) and CITA (72%) have the highest and second highest percentages respectively. The media’s inhibition ability was examined in the samples in which Brucella spp. isolation occurred to be able to investigate the correlations between isolation and inhibition. Lower isolation percentage was observed in the samples in which the media displayed the lowest inhibition ability against contaminants. In this context, using two different selective media with high inhibition ability against contaminants may be recommended to enhance the isolation rate. Moreover, the components stimulating the growth of Brucella strains might be added to the media to obtain better results.
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104
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Zhang N, Huang D, Wu W, Liu J, Liang F, Zhou B, Guan P. Animal brucellosis control or eradication programs worldwide: A systematic review of experiences and lessons learned. Prev Vet Med 2018; 160:105-115. [PMID: 30388992 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonoses worldwide, causing huge economic losses in the animal industry and posing a serious threat to human health. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has recommended strategies or measures to control or eradicate brucellosis, only some developed countries have achieved freedom from animal brucellosis. In developing countries, brucellosis remains a serious problem, and the importance of its control has attracted little attention. The strategies and measures are difficult to implement effectively in countries with limited resources because the eradication of brucellosis is an expensive, time-consuming and labor-intensive project. Therefore, more effort is needed to explore the appropriate strategies and measures in developing countries. In this study, we collected the available publications regarding brucellosis control or eradication programs in different countries and areas, and summarized the main strategies and measures, supplementary measures, effects, and lessons learned during their implementation. Results showed that the freedom from animal brucellosis was only achieved in three countries among the 23 included countries and areas after the implementation of the programs, which had lasted several decades. Either alone or together, vaccination and test-and-slaughter programs can effectively reduce brucellosis prevalence. Supplementary measures involve a number of aspects, and their effective implementation is crucial to the success of disease control and cannot be ignored. While disease control or eradication requires extensive resources, some studies have shown that a well-designed and well-implemented disease control or eradication program is economically effective. Experience has revealed that even if significant results have been achieved, the project could not be terminated without careful consideration due to the potential for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Desheng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Mathematics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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105
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Abstract
Many infectious diseases originating from, or carried by, wildlife affect wildlife conservation and biodiversity, livestock health, or human health. We provide an update on changes in the epidemiology of 25 selected infectious, wildlife-related diseases in Europe (from 2010-16) that had an impact, or may have a future impact, on the health of wildlife, livestock, and humans. These pathogens were selected based on their: 1) identification in recent Europe-wide projects as important surveillance targets, 2) inclusion in European Union legislation as pathogens requiring obligatory surveillance, 3) presence in recent literature on wildlife-related diseases in Europe since 2010, 4) inclusion in key pathogen lists released by the Office International des Epizooties, 5) identification in conference presentations and informal discussions on a group email list by a European network of wildlife disease scientists from the European Wildlife Disease Association, or 6) identification as pathogens with changes in their epidemiology during 2010-16. The wildlife pathogens or diseases included in this review are: avian influenza virus, seal influenza virus, lagoviruses, rabies virus, bat lyssaviruses, filoviruses, canine distemper virus, morbilliviruses in aquatic mammals, bluetongue virus, West Nile virus, hantaviruses, Schmallenberg virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, African swine fever virus, amphibian ranavirus, hepatitis E virus, bovine tuberculosis ( Mycobacterium bovis), tularemia ( Francisella tularensis), brucellosis ( Brucella spp.), salmonellosis ( Salmonella spp.), Coxiella burnetii, chytridiomycosis, Echinococcus multilocularis, Leishmania infantum, and chronic wasting disease. Further work is needed to identify all of the key drivers of disease change and emergence, as they appear to be influencing the incidence and spread of these pathogens in Europe. We present a summary of these recent changes during 2010-16 to discuss possible commonalities and drivers of disease change and to identify directions for future work on wildlife-related diseases in Europe. Many of the pathogens are entering Europe from other continents while others are expanding their ranges inside and beyond Europe. Surveillance for these wildlife-related diseases at a continental scale is therefore important for planet-wide assessment, awareness of, and preparedness for the risks they may pose to wildlife, domestic animal, and human health.
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106
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Bertelloni F, Forzan M, Turchi B, Sagona S, Mazzei M, Felicioli A, Fratini F, Cerri D. A Serological Survey on Swine Brucellosis Using Standard Procedures, Dot Blot, and Western Blot in Finisher Pigs in Central-North Italy. Vet Sci 2018; 5:E86. [PMID: 30282958 PMCID: PMC6313843 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Brucella suis has been sporadically reported in Italy in domestic and wild swine. Since standard serological tests can determine false positive results, the development of alternative tests with improved sensitivity and specificity is rather essential. We analyzed 1212 sera collected at slaughterhouse from healthy pigs belonging to 62 farms of North-Central Italy. Sera were tested by Rose Bengal Test, Complement Fixation Test, and subsequently by a Dot Blot (DB) and Western Blot assays (WB). Only one serum resulted positive to all tests, indicating that swine brucellosis has a very limited spread. DB and WB could represent a support to the available serological tests; however, further studies to validate these tests are needed. In the presence of reemerging diseases, a prompt and continuous monitoring design is necessary to acquire epidemiological information for the subsequent application of specific health emergency plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mario Forzan
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Barbara Turchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Sagona
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Antonio Felicioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Fratini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Domenico Cerri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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107
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Gómez L, Alvarez F, Betancur D, Oñate A. Brucellosis vaccines based on the open reading frames from genomic island 3 of Brucella abortus. Vaccine 2018; 36:2928-2936. [PMID: 29685597 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucella abortus is the etiological agent of brucellosis, a zoonotic disease affecting cattle and humans. This disease has been partially controlled in cattle by immunization with live attenuated B. abortus S19 and RB51 strains. However, use of these vaccine strains has been associated with safety issues in animals and humans. New vaccines have since emerged in the prevention of brucellosis, particularly DNA vaccines, which have shown effectiveness and a good safety profile. Their protection efficacy in mice is associated with the induction of Th1 type and cytotoxic T cell mediated immune response against structural antigens and virulence factors expressed during B. abortus infection. Some antigenic candidate for vaccine design against brucellosis (mainly DNA vaccines) have been obtained from genomic island 3 (GI-3) of B. abortus, which encodes several open reading frames (ORFs) involved in the intracellular survival and virulence of this pathogen. The immunogenicity and protection conferred by these DNA vaccines in a murine model is reviewed in this article, suggesting that some of them could be safe and effective vaccine candidates against to prevent B. abortus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Gómez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Alvarez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniel Betancur
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Angel Oñate
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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108
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Patra S, Ke V, Tellapragada C, Mukhopadhyay C. Human brucellosis: Experience from a tertiary care hospital in southern India. Trop Doct 2018; 48:368-372. [PMID: 30149785 DOI: 10.1177/0049475518788467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to examine and compare the clinical presentations, complications, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of patients with acute, subacute and chronic forms of brucellosis in a tertiary care setting. This hospital-based observational study was undertaken between April 2015 and March 2017. Patients diagnosed with brucellosis, either by blood culture and/or serology, were recruited. A total of 94 cases of brucellosis of acute, subacute and chronic forms were observed in 78.7%, 15.9% and 5.3%, respectively. Blood culture grew Brucella spp. in 70.2% cases. Serological tests showed positivity in 96.8% of the patients. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, fever and upper back pain were significant predictors for both acute and chronic forms of the disease, respectively. There is a need to increase awareness and understand the local sero-epidemiological pattern of brucellosis as it is still little known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Patra
- 1 PhD Scholar, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vandana Ke
- 2 Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitanya Tellapragada
- 3 Assistant Professor, Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
- 4 Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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109
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Ekere SO, Njoga EO, Onunkwo JI, Njoga UJ. Serosurveillance of Brucella antibody in food animals and role of slaughterhouse workers in spread of Brucella infection in Southeast Nigeria. Vet World 2018; 11:1171-1178. [PMID: 30250380 PMCID: PMC6141284 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1171-1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella antibody in slaughter cattle and goats; and the role of slaughterhouse workers (SHWs) in spread of Brucella infection during slaughterhouse operations in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Rose Bengal plate test was used to screen for Brucella antibody in 484 cattle and 340 goats slaughtered for human consumption in the state. Structured and pretested questionnaire was used to elicit information from randomly selected SHWs, on socioeconomic characteristics, awareness of brucellosis and involvement in practices that aid dissemination of Brucella infection during slaughterhouse operations. Results: Suspected seroprevalence of 2.5% and 4.1% were recorded for Brucella antibody in cattle and goats respectively. There was poor awareness of brucellosis (32.1%) among the workers surveyed. Slaughterhouse practices that aid acquisition or spread of Brucella infection and percentage of SHWs engaged in the practices are: non-use of personal protective clothing during slaughterhouse operations (70.8%), discharge of eviscerated fetuses or pregnant uterine contents by open-air dump method of refuse disposal (64.9%) and illegal sell of eviscerated fetuses or gravid uterine contents for human consumption (59.9%) or preparation of dog food (71.5%). Conclusion: The 4.1% suspected seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies in goats represents 128% increase from 1.8% seroprevalence earlier reported in the same species and study area in 2009. Significant amounts of Brucella antibody was detected in the food animals screened. Slaughterhouse workers played significant roles in spread of Brucella infection by their involvement in risk practices and behaviours that facilitate pathogen transmission. Therefore, massive awareness campaign and coordinated brucellosis control program in Enugu State are imperative to forestall the zoonotic and economic consequences associated with brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Okezie Ekere
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Ikechukwu Onunkwo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ugochinyere Juliet Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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110
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Li Z, Wang S, Zhang H, Xi L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Yi J, Li M, Zhang W, Zhang J. Development and evaluation of in murine model, of an improved live-vaccine candidate against brucellosis from to Brucella melitensis vjbR deletion mutant. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:250-257. [PMID: 30149131 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious disease that brings enormous economic burdens for developing countries. The Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) M5-90 vaccine strain (M5-90) has been used on a large scale in China, but may cause abortions if given to pregnant goats or sheep subcutaneously during the late stages of gestation. Moreover, the vaccine M5-90 cannot differentiate natural from vaccinated infection. Therefore, a safer and more potent M5-90 vaccine is required. In this study, a vjbR mutant of M5-90 (M5-90ΔvjbR) was constructed and overcame these drawbacks. M5-90ΔvjbR strain showed reduced survival capability in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and BALB/c mice and induced high protective immunity in mice. In addition, M5-90ΔvjbR induced an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response and stimulated the expression of gamma interferon (INF-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in vaccinated mice. Furthermore, M5-90ΔvjbR induced IgG response and stimulated the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in immunized sheep. Moreover, the VjbR antigen allowed serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that M5-90ΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated and efficacious live vaccine candidate against B. melitensis 16 M infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Shuli Wang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Li Xi
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaogen Zhang
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Jihai Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476000, Henan, China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- College of Biology, Agriculture and Forestry, Tongren University, Tongren, 554300, Guizhou, China
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111
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Vergnaud G, Hauck Y, Christiany D, Daoud B, Pourcel C, Jacques I, Cloeckaert A, Zygmunt MS. Genotypic Expansion Within the Population Structure of Classical Brucella Species Revealed by MLVA16 Typing of 1404 Brucella Isolates From Different Animal and Geographic Origins, 1974-2006. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1545. [PMID: 30050522 PMCID: PMC6052141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the usefulness of MLVA16 as a rapid molecular identification and classification method for Brucella species and biovars including recently described novel Brucella species from wildlife. Most studies were conducted on a limited number of strains from limited geographic/host origins. The objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity of Brucella spp. by MLVA16 on a larger scale. Thus, 1404 animal or human isolates collected from all parts of the world over a period of 32 years (1974-2006) were investigated. Selection of the 1404 strains was done among the approximately 4000 strains collection of the BCCN (Brucella Culture Collection Nouzilly), based on classical biotyping and on the animal/human/geographic origin over the time period considered. MLVA16 was performed on extracted DNAs using high throughput capillary electrophoresis. The 16 loci were amplified in four multiplex PCR reactions. This large scale study firstly confirmed the accuracy of MLVA16 typing for Brucella species and biovar identification and its congruence with the recently described Extended Multilocus Sequence Analysis. In addition, it allowed identifying novel MLVA11 (based upon 11 slowly evolving VNTRs) genotypes representing an increase of 15% relative to the previously known Brucella MLVA11 genotypes. Cluster analysis showed that among the MLVA16 genotypes some were genetically more distant from the major classical clades. For example new major clusters of B. abortus biovar 3 isolated from cattle in Sub-Saharan Africa were identified. For other classical species and biovars this study indicated also genotypic expansion within the population structure of classical Brucella species. MLVA proves to be a powerful tool to rapidly assess genetic diversity of bacterial populations on a large scale, as here on a large collection of strains of the genomically homogeneous genus Brucella. The highly discriminatory power of MLVA appears of particular interest as a first step for selection of Brucella strains for whole-genome sequencing. The MLVA data of this study were added to the public Brucella MLVA database at http://microbesgenotyping.i2bc.paris-saclay.fr. Current version Brucella_4_3 comprises typing data from more than 5000 strains including in silico data analysis of public whole genome sequence datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Vergnaud
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yolande Hauck
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Christiany
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Brendan Daoud
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christine Pourcel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle Jacques
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, Nouzilly, France.,IUT de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Axel Cloeckaert
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Michel S Zygmunt
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, Nouzilly, France
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112
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Buttigieg SC, Savic S, Cauchi D, Lautier E, Canali M, Aragrande M. Brucellosis Control in Malta and Serbia: A One Health Evaluation. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:147. [PMID: 30018972 PMCID: PMC6037850 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, also known as “undulant fever” or “Malta fever”, is a zoonotic infection caused by microorganisms belonging to Brucella, a genus of gram-negative coccobacilli that behave as facultative intracellular pathogens of ruminants, swine and other animals. Brucellosis is a threat to public health, hence identifying the optimal way of preventing disease spread is important. Under certain circumstances, integrated, multidisciplinary “One Health” (OH) initiatives provide added value compared to unidisciplinary or conventional health initiatives. Conceptualizing and conducting evaluations of OH approaches may help facilitate decisions on resource allocation. This article historically describes and compares Malta's 1995–1997 with Serbia's 2004–2006 brucellosis control programmes and quantitatively assesses the extent to which they were compliant with a OH approach. For both case studies, we describe the OH initiative and the system within which it operates. Characteristic OH operations (i.e., thinking, planning, working) and supporting infrastructures (to allow sharing, learning and systemic organization) were evaluated. We scored the different aspects of these programmes, with values ranging from zero to one (1 = strong integration of OH). Malta demonstrated a higher OH index (0.54) and ratio (1.37) than Serbia (0.49 and 1.14 respectively). We conclude that context and timing are key to determining how, when and why a One Health approach should be applied. The adoption of a true OH approach that involved systemic organization, leadership clarity and transdisciplinary communication, collaboration, and co-ordination was essential to Malta's successful eradication of brucellosis after several failed attempts. In contrast, contextual factors in Serbia permitted the successful adoption of a primarily sectorial approach for short term control of brucellosis. However, while a fully-fledged transdisciplinary OH approach was not initially required, it is likely to be key to maintenance of brucellosis control in the medium and long term. Through these two case studies, we demonstrate that One Health initiatives should be applied at the right place, at the right time, with the right people and using the appropriate conditions/infrastructure. Lastly, OH evaluations should include economic assessments to identify optimal of resources in these situations, thereby justifying funding and political support required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Buttigieg
- Department of Health Services Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,School of Social Policy, College of Social Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Savic
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Daniel Cauchi
- Department for Health Regulation, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Ministry for Health, Valletta, Malta
| | - Elaine Lautier
- Department for Health Regulation, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Ministry for Health, Valletta, Malta
| | - Massimo Canali
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Aragrande
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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113
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An Overview of Brucellosis in Cattle and Humans, and its Serological and Molecular Diagnosis in Control Strategies. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:tropicalmed3020065. [PMID: 30274461 PMCID: PMC6073575 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most common contagious and communicable zoonotic diseases with high rates of morbidity and lifetime sterility. There has been a momentous increase over the recent years in intra/interspecific infection rates, due to poor management and limited resources, especially in developing countries. Abortion in the last trimester is a predominant sign, followed by reduced milk yield and high temperature in cattle, while in humans it is characterized by undulant fever, general malaise, and arthritis. While the clinical picture of brucellosis in humans and cattle is not clear and often misleading with the classical serological diagnosis, efforts have been made to overcome the limitations of current serological assays through the development of PCR-based diagnosis. Due to its complex nature, brucellosis remains a serious threat to public health and livestock in developing countries. In this review, we summarized the recent literature, significant advancements, and challenges in the treatment and vaccination against brucellosis, with a special focus on developing countries.
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114
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Hosein HI, Zaki HM, Safwat NM, Menshawy AMS, Rouby S, Mahrous A, Madkour BED. Evaluation of the General Organization of Veterinary Services control program of animal brucellosis in Egypt: An outbreak investigation of brucellosis in buffalo. Vet World 2018; 11:748-757. [PMID: 30034165 PMCID: PMC6048072 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.748-757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Brucellosis is a major constraint to livestock production in Egypt as well as many developing countries worldwide. Bovine brucellosis is an economically important disease with reproductive failure as a principal manifestation resulting in abortion, premature birth and decreased milk production in females, and orchitis and epididymitis in males. In spite of the efforts of Egyptian veterinary services to overcome brucellosis, the disease is still prevalent in both animals and humans and represents one of the most important public health hazards in Egypt. The aim of the present work was to investigate the efficacy of the control program implemented by the General Organization of Veterinary Services in Brucella infected buffalo farm on serological, molecular, cultural, and histopathological basis. Brucella melitensis biovar 3 was recovered from 6 buffalo-cows. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were collected from a total of 750 non-vaccinated lactating buffalo-cows. These animals were proved positive for Brucella by the Egyptian brucellosis national program. Sera were tested using buffered acidified plate antigen test and rose Bengal test as screening tests and complement fixation test as a confirmatory test. Positive animals were separated for slaughtering under the supervision of the Egyptian veterinary authorities. Remaining animals were tested every 3 weeks with slaughtering of positive cases and this continued until the remaining animals revealed three successive negative serological tests. Different lymph nodes (prescapular, prefemoral, mediastinal, retropharyngeal, and supramammary) were collected from 11 Brucella seropositive buffalo-cows slaughtered after being confirmed serologically as Brucella infected cases. Samples were collected and processed for bacterial isolation and nucleic acid detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Parts of these specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 48 h then processed by paraffin embedding technique. RESULTS "Test and slaughter" policy was applied on Brucella infected dairy buffalo farm. The program continued for 6 months with slaughtering of positive cases until the herd was proved Brucella free. B. melitensis biovar 3 could be recovered from six buffalo-cows. Universal PCR confirmed Brucella on genus level and Bruce-ladder multiplex, PCR confirmed the presence of B. melitensis on the species level. Histopathological examination of Brucella-infected lymph nodes revealed massive rarified and depleted lymphoid areas of both sub-capsular and deep cortical lymphoid follicles, macrophage cells granulomatous reaction, as well as fat, infiltrates, and chronic vasculitis. The chronic nature of Brucella lesions has been confirmed in this study as indicated by the chronic vasculitis and collagen deposition. CONCLUSION Freedom status from brucellosis in this study required 6 months which are considered long time allowing the spread of infection to other localities especially under unhygienic conditions, husbandry system favoring mixed populations of different ages, sex, aborted and pregnant, and lack of controlled movement of animals. Therefore, effective control of animal brucellosis requires surveillance to identify infected animal herds, elimination of the reservoirs, and vaccination of young heifers. B. melitensis biovar 3 is the cause of the Brucella outbreak in buffalo which still remains the prevalent type of Brucella in Egypt. The disease runs a chronic course allowing further spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. I. Hosein
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Hoda Mohamed Zaki
- Department of Brucella Researches, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nesreen Mohamed Safwat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. S. Menshawy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Sherin Rouby
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | | | - Bahaa El-deen Madkour
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt
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115
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Complete Genome Sequencing of Eight Brucella abortus Biovar 1 Strains Isolated from Water Buffalo. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/13/e00179-18. [PMID: 29599153 PMCID: PMC5876486 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00179-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella The disease is endemic in many areas, causing chronic infections responsible for reproductive disorders in infected animals. Here, we present eight complete genome assemblies of eight Brucella abortus strains isolated from water buffaloes farmed in the Campania region.
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116
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Simpson GJG, Marcotty T, Rouille E, Chilundo A, Letteson JJ, Godfroid J. Immunological response to Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccination of cattle in a communal area in South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2018; 89:e1-e7. [PMID: 29781672 PMCID: PMC6138165 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v89i0.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is of worldwide economic and public health importance. Heifer vaccination with live attenuated Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19) is the cornerstone of control in low- and middle-income countries. Antibody persistence induced by S19 is directly correlated with the number of colony-forming units (CFU) per dose. There are two vaccination methods: a 'high' dose (5-8 × 1010 CFU) subcutaneously injected or one or two 'low' doses (5 × 109 CFU) through the conjunctival route. This study aimed to evaluate serological reactions to the 'high' dose and possible implications of the serological findings on disease control. This study included 58 female cases, vaccinated at Day 0, and 29 male controls. Serum was drawn repeatedly and tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The cases showed a rapid antibody response with peak RBT positivity (98%) at 2 weeks and iELISA (95%) at 8 weeks, then decreased in an inverse logistic curve to 14% RBT and 32% iELISA positive at 59 weeks and at 4.5 years 57% (4/7 cases) demonstrated a persistent immune response (RBT, iELISA or Brucellin skin test) to Brucella spp. Our study is the first of its kind documenting the persistence of antibodies in an African communal farming setting for over a year to years after 'high' dose S19 vaccination, which can be difficult to differentiate from a response to infection with wild-type B. abortus. A recommendation could be using a 'low' dose or different route of vaccination.
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117
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Hamdy MER, Zaki HM. Detection of virulence-associated genes in Brucella melitensis biovar 3, the prevalent field strain in different animal species in Egypt. Open Vet J 2018; 8:112-117. [PMID: 29721440 PMCID: PMC5918124 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study involved detection of three virulence genes (bvfA, virB, ure) by PCR in 52 isolates of Brucella melitensis biovar 3, recovered from different animal species (28 sheep, 10 goats, 9 cattle and 5 buffaloes). Of the 52 B. melitensis strains; 48 (92.3%) isolates carried bvfA genes, 51 (98.1%) isolates had virB genes and 50 (96.2%) isolates were positive for ure genes. The distribution of the virulence genes is not affected by crossing the original host barriers of the animal species, as the three virulence factors (bvfA, virB and ure) detected in 28 B. melitensis isolates obtained from ovine species in a ratio of 26/28 (92.9%), 27/28 (96.4%) and 28/28 (100%), respectively. While 10 isolates originating from goats revealed a ratio of 10/10 (100%), 10/10 (100%) and 9/10 (90%) to the same order of virulence genes. Nearly, similar results of virulence genes detection were obtained in B. melitensis obtained from bovine (8/9, 9/9 and 8/9) and Buffalos (4/5, 5/5 and 5/5), respectively. The high prevalence of virulence-associated genes among the B. melitensis isolates detected from different animal species in Egypt indicates a potential virulence of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E R Hamdy
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Zaki
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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118
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Evaluation of immune responses in mice and sheep inoculated with a live attenuated Brucella melitensis REV1 vaccine produced in bioreactor. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 198:44-53. [PMID: 29571517 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Brucella melitensis REV1 vaccine is the most widely employed vaccine for prophylaxis against brucellosis in sheep and goats. The objective of vaccination is disease control in herds or preventing infection in farms. In this study, we produced REV1 vaccine with a protocol, based on the use of liquid medium in a bioreactor, that resulted efficient, safe, relatively fast, and cost-effective. The live attenuated vaccine produced was tested in mice and sheep to investigate its immunogenicity and efficacy. Seventy-two female BALB/c mice were obtained and subdivided in 2 groups, one was stimulated with 1 × 106 colony-forming units (CFUs) of B. melitensis while the other with physiological solution alone and acting as control group. Furthermore, 25 sheep were subdivided into 5 groups: four were inoculated with a B. melitensis dose, ranging from 0.6 × 109 and 3.2 × 109 CFUs and the other was the control group. In addition, a serological diagnosis was performed for sheep by rapid serum agglutination and the complement-fixation test. Immunocompetent cells from both experiment were collected at different times post vaccination and immunostained to evaluate innate and adaptive-immune responses. In mice flow cytometry was used to detect macrophages, T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, memory cells, naïve cells, natural killer cells, major histocompatibility complex type II, B lymphocytes, regulatory T lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes and recently activated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. In sheep, macrophages, T helper cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, regulatory T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, memory cells and naïve lymphocytes, by the same method, were analyzed. The results showed, both in mice and sheep, that the live, attenuated REV1 vaccine stimulated all immunocompetent cells tested, with a balanced innate and adaptive response. In the sheep experiment, the administered vaccine dose was very important because, at the lower doses, immunological tolerance tended to disappear, while, at the highest dose, the immunological tolerance remained active for a long period. In our experimental conditions, the optimal vaccine dose for sheep was 3.2 × 109 CFUs, although a good immune response was found using a dose of 1.6 × 109 CFUs. The vaccine produced in this study could be extensively employed in developing countries to control the brucellosis in sheep and goats.
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119
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Prevalence of antibodies against Brucella spp. in West Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and East Greenland muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus). Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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120
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Ahmed W, Razzaq M. RETRACTED: A small non-coding RNA AbcR2 regulate gntR transcription factor that modulate the intracellular survival of Brucella melitensis. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:118-125. [PMID: 29555506 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- College of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Maria Razzaq
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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121
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Peck ME, Chanachai K, Jenpanich C, Amonsin A, Alexander BH, Bender JB. Seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats and sheep in Thailand: Results from the Thai National Brucellosis Surveillance System from 2013 to 2015. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:799-805. [PMID: 29460417 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In Thailand, brucellosis re-emerged in humans in 2003 and is considered a public health risk to goat farmers as the disease is endemic in small ruminants. The Thai Department of Livestock Development (DLD) established a nationwide surveillance system for brucellosis in goats and sheep in 1997. Using data from this surveillance system, we describe the seroprevalence of brucellosis from 2013 to 2015 in small ruminants and the spatial distribution of the disease throughout Thailand. Surveillance data collected included the number of animals and herds tested, the province of the animal and herd and the laboratory results. Seroprevalence was estimated at both the animal and herd levels. During the 3-year period, 443,561 goats and sheep were tested for brucellosis by the DLD throughout Thailand using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for Brucella. Among the 3 years, 2013 had the highest proportion of herds that tested positive for brucellosis at 13.80% (95% CI, 12.52, 15.16). Overall, this study found that brucellosis seroprevalence in small ruminants is decreasing throughout Thailand. However, there is variability in the spread of the disease with provinces in the eastern and western regions of Thailand having higher proportions of animals and herds testing positive. Overall provinces in the south had the lowest proportion of animals and herds testing positive for brucellosis. Periodic review of surveillance data documents the impact of the current brucellosis control programme and supports a targeted response in higher prevalence regions when there are limited financial resources for control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Peck
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - K Chanachai
- Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Phaya Thai, Khet Ratchathewi, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Jenpanich
- Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Phaya Thai, Khet Ratchathewi, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Amonsin
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - B H Alexander
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J B Bender
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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122
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Sagamiko FD, Muma JB, Karimuribo ED, Mwanza AM, Sindato C, Hang'ombe BM. Sero-prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis and associated risk factors in mbeya region, Southern highlands of Tanzania. Acta Trop 2018; 178:169-175. [PMID: 29191516 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to establish the seroprevalence of brucellosis and associated risk factors in indigenous and exotic breeds of cattle from 178 farms in Mbeya region. A total of 1211 cattle (929exotic cattle from 108 commercial farms and 282 indigenous cattle from 70 traditional farms) were tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) as screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. The overall animal-level seroprevalence was 9.3%; 11.3% (95% CI: 9.4-13.5) in indigenous cattle and 2.8% (95% CI:1.4-5.6) in exotic cattle. Further, the overall herd level seroprevalence was 32.0%; 50.5% (95% CI: 40.9-59.9) in indigenous cattle and 4.2% (95% CI: 1.3-12.4) in exotic cattle. Infections were higher in cattle aged 6-10 years old, (39.8%; 95% CI: 31.2-49.1) followed by those aged 1-5 years (5.8%; 95% CI: 4.8-6.6) and 11-15years old (2.7%; 95% CI: 0.8-8). When compared to cattle sampled from herds size of 1-50, those sampled from the herd sizes of 51-100 and 101-150 had higher odds of brucellosis seropositivity [(OR=3.6, CI: 1.76-7.16, p<0.001) and (OR=3.0, CI: 1.09-8.04, p=0.033). The odds of seropositivity in animals which calved on pasture was 3.0 (CI: 1.1-7.8, p=0.028) compared to those that calved at home. Brucella seroprevalence was also observed to vary according to districts, with Mbarari district recording the highest (45.4%). It is evident from the study that Brucellosis is present in Mbarari, Mbeya and Momba districts of Mbeya Region. The findings of this study provide some baseline data that could contribute to the design and implementation of brucellosis control measures in the study areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Sagamiko
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 3239, Lusaka, Zambia; Maswa District Council, P.O. Box 170, Simiyu, Tanzania.
| | - J B Muma
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 3239, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - E D Karimuribo
- College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 3239, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - A M Mwanza
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 3239, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - C Sindato
- National Institute for Medical Research, P. Box 482, Tabora, Tanzania
| | - B M Hang'ombe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 3239, Lusaka, Zambia
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123
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Dereje T, Benti D, Feyisa B, Abiy G. Review of common causes of abortion in dairy cattle
in Ethiopia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/jvmah2017.0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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124
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Lindahl JF, Goyal Kumar N, Deka RP, Shome R, Grace D. Serological evidence of Brucella infections in dairy cattle in Haryana, India. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2018.1555445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F. Lindahl
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Southeast Asia Regional Office, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naresh Goyal Kumar
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Ram Pratim Deka
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Guwahati, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- National Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, India
| | - Delia Grace
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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125
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Pascual DW, Yang X, Wang H, Goodwin Z, Hoffman C, Clapp B. Alternative strategies for vaccination to brucellosis. Microbes Infect 2017; 20:599-605. [PMID: 29287984 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis remains burdensome for livestock and humans worldwide. Better vaccines for protection are needed to reduce disease incidence. Immunity to brucellosis and barriers to protection are discussed. The benefits and limitations of conventional and experimental brucellosis vaccines are outlined, and novel vaccination strategies needed to ultimately protect against brucellosis are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Pascual
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Xinghong Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zakia Goodwin
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Beata Clapp
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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126
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Genotyping of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus strains in Kazakhstan using MLVA-15. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 58:135-144. [PMID: 29278754 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Currently, although the prevalence of brucellosis in Kazakhstan remains high, there are limited data available on the genetic diversity of circulating Brucella strains. Here, MLVA was employed to genotype a panel of 102 Brucella isolates collected from eight Kazakh regions and neighboring countries (Russia, Kyrgyzstan) during the period 1935-2017. MLVA-11 analysis classified 64 B. abortus strains into genotypes 72, 82, 331, 71, 341 and 69, while one genotype was novel, having no correspondence within the MLVA international database. MLVA-11 analysis of 37 B. melitensis strains showed 100% identity with genotypes 116, 114 and 11. One B. suis strain was classified into genotype 33. Phylogeography based on MLVA-15 demonstrated that all B. abortus and B. melitensis strains belonged to "Abortus C" and "East Mediterranean" lineages, respectively. B. abortus strains from Kazakhstan and Russia resulted genetically related to Portuguese, Brazilian and US isolates, suggesting ancient spread of these lineages from Europe westwards to South America and eastwards to Turkey, Russia and Asia. Most of Kazakh B. melitensis isolates were related to strains circulating in China, likely due to long-term trading partnerships between the two countries. In fine-scale MLVA-15 analysis, 17 B. abortus and 12 B. melitensis genotypes were identified; among them 12 are novel. Interestingly, epidemiological information supporting molecular data were retrieved for two clusters within the B. abortus group, thus proving that MLVA is an appropriate tool for effective traceback analyses. Our findings suggest that molecular genotyping should be applied systematically to support control plans for eradication of brucellosis in Kazakhstan.
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127
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Simpson G, Marcotty T, Rouille E, Matekwe N, Letesson JJ, Godfroid J. Documenting the absence of brucellosis in cattle, goats and dogs in a "One Health" interface in the Mnisi community, Limpopo, South Africa. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:903-906. [PMID: 29274056 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study shows the absence of the world's most common bacterial zoonoses caused by Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in cattle, goats and dogs in an agro-pastoral community in South Africa, where heifer vaccination against brucellosis with the live Strain 19 vaccine is compulsory. The study site is bordering wildlife reserves with multiple wildlife species infected with brucellosis. The results showed a low seroprevalence (1.4%) in cattle. Seroprevalence in cattle decreased with age after 4 years in females, males were less positive than females and a tissue culture from a brucellin skin test-positive male was negative. The results indicate that Brucella seropositivity in cattle is due to S19 vaccination and not natural infections. This conclusion is reinforced by the absence of Brucella seropositivity in goats (1/593 positive result) and dogs (0/315), which can be seen as potential spillover hosts. Therefore, the close proximity of brucellosis-infected wildlife is not a threat to domestic animals in this controlled setting with vaccination, fencing and movement control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Simpson
- Hans Hoheisen Wildlife Research Station, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Tanguy Marcotty
- Faculty of Science, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Elodie Rouille
- National Veterinary College of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nelson Matekwe
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Jacques Godfroid
- Faculty of Science, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Artic and Marine Biology, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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128
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Sun M, Jing Z, Di D, Yan H, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Zhang X, Wang X, Ni B, Sun X, Yan C, Yang Z, Tian L, Li J, Fan W. Multiple Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Brucella Typing Reveals Multiple Lineages in Brucella melitensis Currently Endemic in China. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:215. [PMID: 29312964 PMCID: PMC5735110 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. In China, brucellosis is recognized as a reemerging disease mainly caused by Brucella melitensis specie. To better understand the currently endemic B. melitensis strains in China, three Brucella genotyping methods were applied to 110 B. melitensis strains obtained in past several years. By MLVA genotyping, five MLVA-8 genotypes were identified, among which genotypes 42 (1-5-3-13-2-2-3-2) was recognized as the predominant genotype, while genotype 63 (1-5-3-13-2-3-3-2) and a novel genotype of 1-5-3-13-2-4-3-2 were second frequently observed. MLVA-16 discerned a total of 57 MLVA-16 genotypes among these Brucella strains, with 41 genotypes being firstly detected and the other 16 genotypes being previously reported. By BruMLSA21 typing, six sequence types (STs) were identified, among them ST8 is the most frequently seen in China while the other five STs were firstly detected and designated as ST137, ST138, ST139, ST140, and ST141 by international multilocus sequence typing database. Whole-genome sequence (WGS)-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based typing and phylogenetic analysis resolved Chinese B. melitensis strains into five clusters, reflecting the existence of multiple lineages among these Chinese B. melitensis strains. In phylogeny, Chinese lineages are more closely related to strains collected from East Mediterranean and Middle East countries, such as Turkey, Kuwait, and Iraq. In the next few years, MLVA typing will certainly remain an important epidemiological tool for Brucella infection analysis, as it displays a high discriminatory ability and achieves result largely in agreement with WGS-SNP-based typing. However, WGS-SNP-based typing is found to be the most powerful and reliable method in discerning Brucella strains and will be popular used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhigang Jing
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongdong Di
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Xinjiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Exotic Disease, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Quangang Xu
- Department of Animal Disease Epidemiological Investigation, Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Ni
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangxiang Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengxu Yan
- Xinjiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Xinjiang Center of Animal Disease Control, Urumqi, China
| | - Weixing Fan
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Chinese Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
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129
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Enström S, Nthiwa D, Bett B, Karlsson A, Alonso S, Lindahl JF. Brucella seroprevalence in cattle near a wildlife reserve in Kenya. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:615. [PMID: 29178956 PMCID: PMC5702115 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brucellosis is caused by bacteria from the genus Brucella which infect human and domestic animals as well as wildlife. The Maasai Mara National Reserve has vast populations of wild ruminants such as buffaloes and wildebeest which could contribute to the risk of brucellosis in livestock, and the surrounding pastoralist communities grazing cattle in and around the reserve may be exposed to a higher risk of zoonotic diseases like brucellosis due to the close contact with livestock. In this study, cattle from three villages at varying distance from the reserve, were screened for antibodies against Brucella abortus. RESULTS In total, 12.44% of 225 sampled animals were seropositive, with more females (15%) infected than males (5%). Seroprevalence was higher in livestock closer to Maasai Mara with the cattle in the village Mara Rianta having an odds ratio of 7.03 compared to Endoinyo Narasha further away (95% CI 1.4-11.1, p = 0.003), suggesting that a closer contact with wildlife may increase the circulation of infectious diseases between livestock and wildlife. Symptoms consistent with brucellosis were reported to occur in both humans and animals, and we thus conclude that brucellosis may be an important problem, both for the health and the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Enström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nthiwa
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
| | - Bernard Bett
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amanda Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silvia Alonso
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Johanna F Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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130
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High level of B19 strain detection in Brazilian cattle semen. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:433-439. [PMID: 29082458 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Semen contaminated with microorganisms can disseminate serious diseases including brucellosis. The objectives of this study were to detect Brucella-specific antibodies and Brucella abortus DNA in samples of blood and fresh semen from 100 animals older than 20 months. The samples were collected on farms and in semen collection and processing centers (CCPS). The serum samples were evaluated by Rose Bengal test (RBT). B. abortus DNA was detected by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using BAB and IS771 primers. The difference between the vaccine field strain was identified using ery-1, ery-2, and ery-3 primers, using the hemi-nested PCR method. No anti-B. abortus antibodies were detected in the serum samples. Out of the total semen samples, 68% (68/100) presented amplifications of the B. abortus genes. All (68/68) were identified as B19 strain of Brucella abortus vaccine. It was concluded that even bulls that are seronegative for brucellosis can eliminate the bacteria in the semen. The presence in the DNA of the B19 vaccine strain should be investigated for a better understanding of the epidemiological importance of this strain in these animals.
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131
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Whatmore AM, Dawson C, Muchowski J, Perrett LL, Stubberfield E, Koylass M, Foster G, Davison NJ, Quance C, Sidor IF, Field CL, St. Leger J. Characterisation of North American Brucella isolates from marine mammals. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184758. [PMID: 28934239 PMCID: PMC5608248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extension of known ecological niches of Brucella has included the description of two novel species from marine mammals. Brucella pinnipedialis is associated predominantly with seals, while two major Brucella ceti clades, most commonly associated with porpoises or dolphins respectively, have been identified. To date there has been limited characterisation of Brucella isolates obtained from marine mammals outside Northern European waters, including North American waters. To address this gap, and extend knowledge of the global population structure and host associations of these Brucella species, 61 isolates from marine mammals inhabiting North American waters were subject to molecular and phenotypic characterisation enabling comparison with existing European isolates. The majority of isolates represent genotypes previously described in Europe although novel genotypes were identified in both B. ceti clades. Harp seals were found to carry B. pinnipedialis genotypes previously confined to hooded seals among a diverse repertoire of sequence types (STs) associated with this species. For the first time Brucella isolates were characterised from beluga whales and found to represent a number of distinct B. pinnipedialis genotypes. In addition the known host range of ST27 was extended with the identification of this ST from California sea lion samples. Finally the performance of the frequently used diagnostic tool Bruce-ladder, in differentiating B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis, was critically assessed based on improved knowledge of the global population structure of Brucella associated with marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Whatmore
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Claire Dawson
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Muchowski
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine L. Perrett
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Stubberfield
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Koylass
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Foster
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Davison
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Quance
- Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA-APHIS, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Inga F. Sidor
- Mystic Aquarium & Institute for Exploration, Mystic, CT, United States of America
| | - Cara L. Field
- Mystic Aquarium & Institute for Exploration, Mystic, CT, United States of America
| | - Judy St. Leger
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, San Diego, CA, United States of America
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132
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Godfroid J. Brucellosis in livestock and wildlife: zoonotic diseases without pandemic potential in need of innovative one health approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 75:34. [PMID: 28904791 PMCID: PMC5592711 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-017-0207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human brucellosis remains the commonest zoonotic disease worldwide with more than 500 000 new cases annually. Understanding the biology of Brucella infections and the transmission patterns at the wildlife/livestock/human interface is of paramount importance before implementing any brucellosis control or eradication program in animals, even more so should interventions be justified within One Health. In addition to calling for transdisciplinary collaboration, One Health formally aims to conserve the environment and to promote the well-being of animals. In this opinion paper, the One Health approach of brucellosis is reviewed in the industrialized and the low and middle income countries, highlighting pitfalls and shortcomings of serological studies and discussing the role of urban and peri-urban farming for the re-emergence of brucellosis in the developing world. The role of wildlife as a potential reservoir is highlighted and different management strategies are discussed. Lastly, beyond its role in the control of brucellosis, the ethical dimension of culling wildlife to control disease emergence or spill-back of infections in livestock is discussed. Core transdisciplinary competencies such as values and ethics are critically important in guiding the development of One Health curricula and in continuing professional education, as they describe the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to be effective. A conceptual framework needs to be developed from inception to knowledge translation. Importantly, transdisciplinary competencies should be developed as an adjunct to discipline-specific areas of expertise, not as a replacement. A profound understanding of the biology of infectious agents is and will always remain a pre-requisite for any sound One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Godfroid
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Research Group of Arctic Infection Biology, University of Tromsø - the Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Langnes, Postbox 6050, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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133
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Barbosa AA, Figueiredo ACS, Palhao MP, Viana JHM, Fernandes CAC. Safety of vaccination against brucellosis with the rough strain in pregnant cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1779-1781. [PMID: 28812192 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious and contagious disease that profoundly impacts public health. However, in many countries, disease prevention is restricted to the vaccination of calves, and there is no prophylactic strategy for pregnant heifers and cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the rough strain vaccine against brucellosis in pregnant cattle. Crossbred cows (N = 96) at three gestational periods (early, mid, or late pregnancy) were randomly allocated into the vaccine treatment group or to the control group. We then compared the percentage of pregnancies reaching full term, live calves 60 days after delivery, and seropositive calves. There was no effect of vaccination in any of the gestational periods on the evaluation endpoints. In conclusion, vaccination against brucellosis with the rough strain is safe for pregnant cattle at all gestational periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Agostini Barbosa
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Rodovia MG 179, Km 0, Campus Universitário, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil.,Biotran Biotecnologia e Treinamento em Reprodução Animal, Rua Tatuin 447, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Silva Figueiredo
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Rodovia MG 179, Km 0, Campus Universitário, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil.,Biotran Biotecnologia e Treinamento em Reprodução Animal, Rua Tatuin 447, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Miller Pereira Palhao
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Rodovia MG 179, Km 0, Campus Universitário, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Joao Henrique Moreira Viana
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Rodovia MG 179, Km 0, Campus Universitário, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil.,Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Av. W5N, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Carlos Antonio Carvalho Fernandes
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Rodovia MG 179, Km 0, Campus Universitário, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil. .,Biotran Biotecnologia e Treinamento em Reprodução Animal, Rua Tatuin 447, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil.
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134
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Gafirita J, Kiiza G, Murekatete A, Ndahayo LL, Tuyisenge J, Mashengesho V, Ruhirwa R, Nyandwi T, Asiimwe-Kateera B, Ndahindwa V, Njunwa KJ. Seroprevalence of Brucellosis among Patients Attending a District Hospital in Rwanda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:831-835. [PMID: 28749771 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on human brucellosis in Rwanda are scarce, and the incidence is likely to be higher than official estimates. In a recent study using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) on women who had aborted or had still births in Huye district, 25% were Brucella seroprevalent. Thus, purpose of the present study was to investigate the Brucella seroprevalence in patients presenting with the key signs and symptoms of brucellosis. Cross-sectional study was done in Nyagatare District in the Eastern Province of Rwanda. A total of 198 patients were recruited from Nyagatare District Hospital, blood samples were collected, and sera analyzed with RBT. A questionnaire was used to explore the risk factors. A total of 12 patients (6.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.662-7.820) were Brucella seropositive. Infection was significantly associated with drinking unboiled milk (odds ratio [OR] = 8.3; 95% CI = 2.4-29.2) and having had recurrent fever (OR = 5.6; 95% CI = 1.5-21.3). Drinking unboiled milk is a risk factor for Brucella infection. Provision of adequate resources and trainings to staff in brucellosis diagnosis is needed to reduce recurrence of fevers probably because of misdiagnosis. Public awareness creation on transmission routes of brucellosis is to be intensified.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gafirita
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - George Kiiza
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Leonard L Ndahayo
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - John Tuyisenge
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Theogene Nyandwi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Vedaste Ndahindwa
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Kato J Njunwa
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Caudill MT, Budnick JA, Sheehan LM, Lehman CR, Purwantini E, Mukhopadhyay B, Caswell CC. Proline utilization system is required for infection by the pathogenic α-proteobacterium Brucella abortus. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:970-979. [PMID: 28691659 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proline utilization (Put) systems have been described in a number of bacteria; however, the importance and functionality of the Put system in the intracellular pathogen Brucellaabortus has not been explored. Generally, bacterial Put systems are composed of the bifunctional enzyme proline dehydrogenase PutA and its transcriptional activator PutR. Here, we demonstrate that the genes putA (bab2_0518) and putR (bab2_0517) are critical for the chronic infection of mice by B. abortus, but putA and putR are not required for the survival and replication of the bacteria in naive macrophages. Additionally, in vitro experiments revealed that putR is necessary for the ability of the bacteria to withstand oxidative stress, as a ΔputR deletion strain is hypersensitive to hydrogen peroxide exposure. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and putA-lacZ transcriptional reporter studies revealed that PutR acts as a transcriptional activator of putA in Brucella, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that PutR binds directly to the putA promoter region. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that a purified recombinant B. abortus PutA protein possesses quintessential proline dehydrogenase activity, as PutA is capable of catalysing the conversion of proline to glutamate. Altogether, these data are the first to reveal that the Put system plays a significant role in the ability of B. abortus to replicate and survive within its host, as well as to describe the genetic regulation and biochemical activity of the Put system in Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T Caudill
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - James A Budnick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Lauren M Sheehan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Christian R Lehman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Endang Purwantini
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - Clayton C Caswell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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136
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Barbier T, Zúñiga-Ripa A, Moussa S, Plovier H, Sternon JF, Lázaro-Antón L, Conde-Álvarez R, De Bolle X, Iriarte M, Moriyón I, Letesson JJ. Brucella central carbon metabolism: an update. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 44:182-211. [PMID: 28604247 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1332002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The brucellae are facultative intracellular pathogens causing brucellosis, an important zoonosis. Here, we review the nutritional, genetic, proteomic and transcriptomic studies on Brucella carbon uptake and central metabolism, information that is needed for a better understanding of Brucella virulence. There is no uniform picture across species but the studies suggest primary and/or secondary transporters for unknown carbohydrates, lactate, glycerol phosphate, erythritol, xylose, ribose, glucose and glucose/galactose, and routes for their incorporation to central metabolism, including an erythritol pathway feeding the pentose phosphate cycle. Significantly, all brucellae lack phosphoenolpyruvate synthase and phosphofructokinase genes, which confirms previous evidence on glycolysis absence, but carry all Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway and Krebs cycle (and glyoxylate pathway) genes. However, glucose catabolism proceeds through the pentose phosphate cycle in the classical species, and the ED pathway operates in some rodent-associated brucellae, suggesting an ancestral character for this pathway in this group. Gluconeogenesis is functional but does not rely exclusively on classical fructose bisphosphatases. Evidence obtained using infection models is fragmentary but suggests the combined or sequential use of hexoses/pentoses, amino acids and gluconeogenic substrates. We also discuss the role of the phosphotransferase system, stringent reponse, quorum sensing, BvrR/S and sRNAs in metabolism control, an essential aspect of the life style of facultative intracellular parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Barbier
- a Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes , Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - A Zúñiga-Ripa
- b Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología , Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación , Pamplona , Spain
| | - S Moussa
- a Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes , Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - H Plovier
- a Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes , Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - J F Sternon
- a Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes , Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - L Lázaro-Antón
- b Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología , Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación , Pamplona , Spain
| | - R Conde-Álvarez
- b Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología , Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación , Pamplona , Spain
| | - X De Bolle
- a Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes , Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur , Namur , Belgium
| | - M Iriarte
- b Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología , Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación , Pamplona , Spain
| | - I Moriyón
- b Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología , Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación , Pamplona , Spain
| | - J J Letesson
- b Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and Depto. Microbiología y Parasitología , Universidad de Navarra, Edificio de Investigación , Pamplona , Spain
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Kleinman CL, Sycz G, Bonomi HR, Rodríguez RM, Zorreguieta A, Sieira R. ChIP-seq analysis of the LuxR-type regulator VjbR reveals novel insights into the Brucella virulence gene expression network. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:5757-5769. [PMID: 28334833 PMCID: PMC5449634 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
LuxR-type transcription factors control diverse physiological functions necessary for bacterial adaptation to environmental changes. In the intracellular pathogen Brucella, the LuxR homolog VjbR has been shown to regulate the expression of virulence factors acting at early stages of the intracellular infection and, directly or indirectly, hundreds of additional genes. However, the precise determination of VjbR direct targets has so far proved elusive. Here, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation of VjbR followed by next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq). We detected a large amount of VjbR-binding sites distributed across the Brucella genome and determined a markedly asymmetric binding consensus motif, an unusual feature among LuxR-type regulators. RNA-seq analysis performed under conditions mimicking the eukaryotic intracellular environment revealed that, among all loci associated to VjbR-binding, this regulator directly modulated the expression of only a subset of genes encoding functions consistent with an intracellular adaptation strategy for survival during the initial stages of the host cell infection. Other VjbR-binding events, however, showed to be dissociated from transcription and may require different environmental signals to produce a transcriptional output. Taken together, our results bring new insights into the extent and functionality of LuxR-type-related transcriptional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Sycz
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Hernán R. Bonomi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Sieira
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
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Lovera R, Fernández MS, Jacob J, Lucero N, Morici G, Brihuega B, Farace MI, Caracostantogolo J, Cavia R. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to pathogen infection in wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005722. [PMID: 28665952 PMCID: PMC5509364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the ecological processes that are involved in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens by small mammals may aid adequate and effective management measures. Few attempts have been made to analyze the ecological aspects that influence pathogen infection in small mammals in livestock production systems. We describe the infection of small mammals with Leptospira spp., Brucella spp., Trichinella spp. and Cysticercus fasciolaris and assess the related intrinsic and extrinsic factors in livestock production systems in central Argentina at the small mammal community, population and individual levels. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Ten pig farms and eight dairy farms were studied by removal trapping of small mammals from 2008 to 2011. Each farm was sampled seasonally over the course of one year with cage and Sherman live traps. The 505 small mammals captured (14,359 trap-nights) included three introduced murine rodents, four native rodents and two opossums. Leptospira spp., anti-Brucella spp. antibodies and Trichinella spp. were found in the three murine rodents and both opossums. Rattus norvegicus was also infected with C. fasciolaris; Akodon azarae and Oligoryzomys flavescens with Leptospira spp.; anti-Brucella spp. antibodies were found in A. azarae. Two or more pathogens occurred simultaneously on 89% of the farms, and each pathogen was found on at least 50% of the farms. Pathogen infections increased with host abundance. Infection by Leptospira spp. also increased with precipitation and during warm seasons. The occurrence of anti-Brucella spp. antibodies was higher on dairy farms and during the winter and summer. The host abundances limit values, from which farms are expected to be free of the studied pathogens, are reported. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Murine rodents maintain pathogens within farms, whereas other native species are likely dispersing pathogens among farms. Hence, we recommend preventing and controlling murines in farm dwellings and isolating farms from their surroundings to avoid contact with other wild mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Lovera
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Fernández
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jens Jacob
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants – Julius Kuehn Institute, Vertebrate Research, Münster, Germany
| | - Nidia Lucero
- Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán” (ANLIS), Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Morici
- Área de Parasitología, Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA Castelar), CICVyA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bibiana Brihuega
- Laboratorio del Leptospirosis, Referencia OIE, Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA Castelar), CICVyA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Farace
- Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán” (ANLIS), Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Caracostantogolo
- Área de Parasitología, Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA Castelar), CICVyA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Regino Cavia
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Cdad. Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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139
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Hanot Mambres D, Boarbi S, Michel P, Bouker N, Escobar-Calle L, Desqueper D, Fancello T, Van Esbroeck M, Godfroid J, Fretin D, Mori M. Imported human brucellosis in Belgium: Bio and molecular typing of bacterial isolates, 1996-2015. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174756. [PMID: 28384245 PMCID: PMC5383062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize by classical biotyping and Multi-Locus variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) Analysis (MLVA) all Brucella spp. derived from human cases in Belgium from 1996 to 2015. Final goals were to determine the species and biovar, to trace-back on genetic grounds the origin of each strain when patient history and risk factors were missing, and to survey for particular trends at the national level. Methods A total of 37 Brucella strains, isolated from 37 patients in Belgium, were analyzed by both classical biotyping and MLVA, and the genetic patterns compared to those of human strains isolated worldwide. Results Classical biotyping revealed that isolates were mainly Brucella melitensis. Most of them belonged to biovar 3, the most abundant biovar in the Mediterranean region. MLVA confirmed that Brucella melitensis is too diverse in VNTRs to be able to make clusters associated to each biovar, but it allowed retrieving precious epidemiological information. The analysis highlighted the imported nature of the strains from all over the world with a dominant part from the Mediterranean countries. Findings of the MLVA11 testing were in line with the travel history of patients coming from Italy, Turkey, Lebanon and Peru. The analysis was particularly useful because it suggested the geographical origin of the infection for 12/16 patients for whom no case history was available. Conclusion Classical biotyping and MLVA analysis are not exclusive but remain complementary tools for Brucella melitensis strain surveillance. MLVA11 is sufficient for Brucella-free countries such as Belgium to trace the geographical origin of infection, but complete MLVA16 is needed to search for links with endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Hanot Mambres
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samira Boarbi
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Michel
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
- National Reference Centre for Human Brucellosis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nora Bouker
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luisa Escobar-Calle
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damien Desqueper
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
- National Reference Centre for Human Brucellosis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tiziano Fancello
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
- National Reference Centre for Human Brucellosis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- National Reference Centre for Human Brucellosis, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jacques Godfroid
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - David Fretin
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
- National Reference Centre for Human Brucellosis, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marcella Mori
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Livestock, Operational Directorate Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium
- National Reference Centre for Human Brucellosis, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Detection and characterization of Brucella spp. in bovine milk in small-scale urban and peri-urban farming in Tajikistan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005367. [PMID: 28296882 PMCID: PMC5367834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonoses globally, and Central Asia remains a Brucella hotspot. The World Health Organization classifies brucellosis as a neglected zoonotic disease that is rarely in the spotlight for research and mainly affects poor, marginalized people. Urban and peri-urban farming is a common practice in many low-income countries, and it increases the incomes of families that are often restrained by limited economic resources. However, there is a concern that the growing number of people and livestock living close together in these areas will increase the transmission of zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella. This study investigates the presence of Brucella DNA in bovine milk in the urban and peri-urban area of Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Brucella DNA was detected in 10.3% of 564 cow milk samples by IS711-based real-time PCR. This finding is concerning because consumption of unpasteurized dairy products is common in the region. Furthermore, Brucella DNA was detected in the milk of all seropositive cows, but 8.3% of the seronegative cows also showed the presence of Brucella DNA. In addition, sequence analysis of the rpoB gene suggests that one cow was infected with B. abortus and another cow was most likely infected with B. melitensis. The discrepancies between the serology and real-time PCR results highlight the need to further investigate whether there is a need for implementing complementary diagnostic strategies to detect false serological negative individuals in Brucella surveillance, control, and eradication programmes. Furthermore, vaccination of cattle with S19 in addition to vaccination of small ruminants with Rev 1 might be needed in order to control Brucella infections in the livestock population but further research focusing on the isolation of Brucella is required to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the Brucella spp. circulating among the livestock in this region.
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141
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Model-Based Evaluation of Strategies to Control Brucellosis in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030295. [PMID: 28287496 PMCID: PMC5369131 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis, the most common zoonotic disease worldwide, represents a great threat to animal husbandry with the potential to cause enormous economic losses. Brucellosis has become a major public health problem in China, and the number of human brucellosis cases has increased dramatically in recent years. In order to evaluate different intervention strategies to curb brucellosis transmission in China, a novel mathematical model with a general indirect transmission incidence rate was presented. By comparing the results of three models using national human disease data and 11 provinces with high case numbers, the best fitted model with standard incidence was used to investigate the potential for future outbreaks. Estimated basic reproduction numbers were highly heterogeneous, varying widely among provinces. The local basic reproduction numbers of provinces with an obvious increase in incidence were much larger than the average for the country as a whole, suggesting that environment-to-individual transmission was more common than individual-to-individual transmission. We concluded that brucellosis can be controlled through increasing animal vaccination rates, environment disinfection frequency, or elimination rates of infected animals. Our finding suggests that a combination of animal vaccination, environment disinfection, and elimination of infected animals will be necessary to ensure cost-effective control for brucellosis.
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142
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Evaluation of PCR methods for detection of Brucella strains from culture and tissues. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:755-763. [PMID: 28255651 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The genus Brucella causes significant economic losses due to infertility, abortion, stillbirth or weak calves, and neonatal mortality in livestock. Brucellosis is still a zoonosis of public health importance worldwide. The study was aimed to optimize and evaluate PCR assays used for the diagnosis of Brucella infections. For this aim, several primers and PCR protocols were performed and compared with Brucella cultures and biological material inoculated with Brucella. In PCR assays, genus- or species-specific oligonucleotide primers derived from 16S rRNA sequences (F4/R2, Ba148/928, IS711, BruP6-P7) and OMPs (JPF/JPR, 31ter/sd) of Brucella were used. All primers except for BruP6-P7 detected the DNA from reference Brucella strains and field isolates. In spiked blood, milk, and semen samples, F4-R2 primer-oriented PCR assays detected minimal numbers of Brucella. In spiked serum and fetal stomach content, Ba148/928 primer-oriented PCR assays detected minimal numbers of Brucella. Field samples collected from sheep and cattle were examined by bacteriological methods and optimized PCR assays. Overall, sensitivity of PCR assays was found superior to conventional bacteriological isolation. Brucella DNA was detected in 35.1, 1.1, 24.8, 5.0, and 8.0% of aborted fetus, blood, milk, semen, and serum samples by PCR assays, respectively. In conclusion, PCR assay in optimized conditions was found to be valuable in sensitive and specific detection of Brucella infections of animals.
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143
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Workalemahu B, Sewunet T, Astatkie A. Seroepidemiology of Human Brucellosis Among Blood Donors in Southern Ethiopia: Calling Attention to a Neglected Zoonotic Disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:88-92. [PMID: 28077743 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brucellosis is neglected in southern Ethiopia. Although traditional food processing practices and animal husbandry which increase the risk of brucellosis are common, it has not been properly studied yet. This study was conducted to determine the seroepidemiology of brucellosis among apparently healthy individuals in southern Ethiopia. In the study, blood samples were collected to screen for serum agglutinins reactive to stained antigen of Brucella abortus Standard tube titration was performed for reactive serum to determine the titer of the agglutinin. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on possible risk factors for brucellosis. The seroprevalence of human brucellosis in this study was found to be 10.6% (95% confidence interval = 7.0, 14.0). Possession of domestic ruminant animals, contact with ruminant animals, and husbandry practices at home were associated with seropositivity. The higher seroprevalence of human brucellosis in the study area needs attention and additional confirmatory investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Workalemahu
- Medical Laboratory Technology Team, Arba Minch College of Health Sciences, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Tsegaye Sewunet
- Department of Laboratory Science and Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Ayalew Astatkie
- School of Public and Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Arias MA, Santiago L, Costas-Ramon S, Jaime-Sánchez P, Freudenberg M, Jiménez De Bagüés MP, Pardo J. Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Cooperate in the Control of the Emerging Pathogen Brucella microti. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 6:205. [PMID: 28119856 PMCID: PMC5220065 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-derived molecules and play a critical role during the host innate and adaptive immune response. Brucella spp. are intracellular gram-negative bacteria including several virulent species, which cause a chronic zoonotic infection in a wide range of mammalian hosts known as brucellosis. A new Brucella species, Brucella microti, was recently isolated from wild rodents and found to be highly pathogenic in mice. Using this species-specific model, it was previously found that CD8+ T cells are required to control this infection. In order to find out the role of TLR-mediated responses in the control of this pathogen, the course of infection of B. microti was analyzed over 3 weeks in wild-type (WT) and TLR knock out (KO) mice including TLR2-/-, TLR4-/-, TLR9-/-, TLR2×4-/- and TLR2×4×9-/-. WT and single TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 KO mice similarly control infection in liver and spleen. In contrast, bacterial clearance was delayed in TLR2×4-/- and TLR2×4×9-/- mice at 7 and 14 days post-infection. This defect correlated with impaired maturation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in B. microti-infected dendritic cells from TLR2×4-/- and TLR2×4×9-/- mice. Finally, it was found that Tc cells from TLR2×4-/- and TLR2×4×9-/- mice showed reduced ability to inhibit growth of B. microti in macrophages, suggesting the involvement of TLR2 and 4 in the generation of specific Tc cells. Our findings indicate that TLR2 and TLR4 are required to control B. microti infection in mice and that this effect could be related to its participation in the maturation of dendritic cells and the generation of specific CD8+ Tc cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel A Arias
- Cell Immunity in Cancer, Inflammation and Infection Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Llipsy Santiago
- Cell Immunity in Cancer, Inflammation and Infection Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Costas-Ramon
- Cell Immunity in Cancer, Inflammation and Infection Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Jaime-Sánchez
- Cell Immunity in Cancer, Inflammation and Infection Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marina Freudenberg
- Max-Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria P Jiménez De Bagüés
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Cell Immunity in Cancer, Inflammation and Infection Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), IIS Aragon, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain; Nanoscience Institute of Aragon, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain; Aragon I+D FoundationZaragoza, Spain
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145
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Ladbury G, Allan KJ, Cleaveland S, Davis A, de Glanville WA, Forde TL, Halliday JEB, Haydon DT, Kibiki G, Kiwelu I, Lembo T, Maro V, Mmbaga BT, Ndyetabura T, Sharp J, Thomas K, Zadoks RN. One Health Research in Northern Tanzania - Challenges and Progress. East Afr Health Res J 2017; 1:8-18. [PMID: 34308154 PMCID: PMC8279194 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj-d-16-00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
East Africa has one of the world's fastest growing human populations-many of whom are dependent on livestock-as well as some of the world's largest wildlife populations. Humans, livestock, and wildlife often interact closely, intimately linking human, animal, and environmental health. The concept of One Health captures this interconnectedness, including the social structures and beliefs driving interactions between species and their environments. East African policymakers and researchers are recognising and encouraging One Health research, with both groups increasingly playing a leading role in this subject area. One Health research requires interaction between scientists from different disciplines, such as the biological and social sciences and human and veterinary medicine. Different disciplines draw on norms, methodologies, and terminologies that have evolved within their respective institutions and that may be distinct from or in conflict with one another. These differences impact interdisciplinary research, both around theoretical and methodological approaches and during project operationalisation. We present experiential knowledge gained from numerous ongoing projects in northern Tanzania, including those dealing with bacterial zoonoses associated with febrile illness, foodborne disease, and anthrax. We use the examples to illustrate differences between and within social and biological sciences and between industrialised and traditional societies, for example, with regard to consenting procedures or the ethical treatment of animals. We describe challenges encountered in ethical approval processes, consenting procedures, and field and laboratory logistics and offer suggestions for improvement. While considerable investment of time in sensitisation, communication, and collaboration is needed to overcome interdisciplinary challenges inherent in One Health research, this can yield great rewards in paving the way for successful implementation of One Health projects. Furthermore, continued investment in African institutions and scientists will strengthen the role of East Africa as a world leader in One Health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ladbury
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn J Allan
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sarah Cleaveland
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alicia Davis
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William A de Glanville
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Taya L Forde
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo E B Halliday
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel T Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gibson Kibiki
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Good Samaritan Foundation, Moshi, Tanzania.,East African Health Research Commission, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Ireen Kiwelu
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Good Samaritan Foundation, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Tiziana Lembo
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Venance Maro
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Good Samaritan Foundation, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Good Samaritan Foundation, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Good Samaritan Foundation, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Theonest Ndyetabura
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Good Samaritan Foundation, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Jo Sharp
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Thomas
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Good Samaritan Foundation, Moshi, Tanzania.,Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Good Samaritan Foundation, Moshi, Tanzania
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Ducrotoy MJ, Bardosh KL. How do you get the Rose Bengal Test at the point-of-care to diagnose brucellosis in Africa? The importance of a systems approach. Acta Trop 2017; 165:33-39. [PMID: 27725154 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a major neglected zoonotic disease, whose burden both in animals and humans is severely under-reported. Diagnosis in humans identifies cases in order to treat the disease at the individual level. In animals diagnosis is implemented at the population level in the context of appropriate control or eradication strategies. Molecular and bacteriological diagnosis are rarely undertaken in sub-Saharan Africa, at least outside research projects, due to cost, skills and laboratory infrastructure issues. The brucellosis toolbox contains a wide range of serological tests, but the perfect test for use in animals and humans respectively does not exist. Drug and diagnostic discovery for the neglected zoonoses are notoriously poor, and there is limited investment interest in developing new tools for brucellosis diagnosis. But are current tools being used to their full capacity? The rose Bengal test (RBT) stands out as an efficient, practical and very cheap test adapted for use in the resource-poor context. In this paper, we argue that a social science or system's approach to explore the practicality of improving diagnostic capacity at the point-of care in high-risk brucellosis areas of rural Africa may be a step towards solving the issue of under-diagnosis, but this must go hand-in-hand with implementation of control measures at source in the animal reservoir and capacity to treat human cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Ducrotoy
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Kevin L Bardosh
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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147
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Ducrotoy M, Bertu W, Matope G, Cadmus S, Conde-Álvarez R, Gusi A, Welburn S, Ocholi R, Blasco J, Moriyón I. Brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current challenges for management, diagnosis and control. Acta Trop 2017; 165:179-193. [PMID: 26551794 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and affecting domestic and wild mammals. In this paper, the bacteriological and serological evidence of brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its epidemiological characteristics are discussed. The tools available for the diagnosis and treatment of human brucellosis and for the diagnosis and control of animal brucellosis and their applicability in the context of SSA are presented and gaps identified. These gaps concern mostly the need for simpler and more affordable antimicrobial treatments against human brucellosis, the development of a B. melitensis vaccine that could circumvent the drawbacks of the currently available Rev 1 vaccine, and the investigation of serological diagnostic tests for camel brucellosis and wildlife. Strategies for the implementation of animal vaccination are also discussed.
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148
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Whatmore AM, Koylass MS, Muchowski J, Edwards-Smallbone J, Gopaul KK, Perrett LL. Extended Multilocus Sequence Analysis to Describe the Global Population Structure of the Genus Brucella: Phylogeography and Relationship to Biovars. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2049. [PMID: 28066370 PMCID: PMC5174110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An extended multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) scheme applicable to the Brucella, an expanding genus that includes zoonotic pathogens that severely impact animal and human health across large parts of the globe, was developed. The scheme, which extends a previously described nine locus scheme by examining sequences at 21 independent genetic loci in order to increase discriminatory power, was applied to a globally and temporally diverse collection of over 500 isolates representing all 12 known Brucella species providing an expanded and detailed understanding of the population genetic structure of the group. Over 100 sequence types (STs) were identified and analysis of data provided insights into both the global evolutionary history of the genus, suggesting that early emerging Brucella abortus lineages might be confined to Africa while some later lineages have spread worldwide, and further evidence of the existence of lineages with restricted host or geographical ranges. The relationship between biovar, long used as a crude epidemiological marker, and genotype was also examined and showed decreasing congruence in the order Brucella suis > B. abortus > Brucella melitensis. Both the previously described nine locus scheme and the extended 21 locus scheme have been made available at http://pubmlst.org/brucella/ to allow the community to interrogate existing data and compare with newly generated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Whatmore
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research in Brucellosis and OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health AgencyAddlestone, UK
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149
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Silveira TN, Gomes MTR, Oliveira LS, Campos PC, Machado GG, Oliveira SC. NLRP12 negatively regulates proinflammatory cytokine production and host defense against Brucella abortus. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:51-59. [PMID: 27800616 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Brucella abortus is the causative agent of brucellosis, which causes abortion in domestic animals and undulant fever in humans. This bacterium infects and proliferates mainly in macrophages and dendritic cells, where it is recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including Nod-like receptors (NLRs). Our group recently demonstrated the role of AIM2 and NLRP3 in Brucella recognition. Here, we investigated the participation of NLRP12 in innate immune response to B. abortus. We show that NLRP12 inhibits the early production of IL-12 by bone marrow-derived macrophages upon B. abortus infection. We also observed that NLRP12 suppresses in vitro NF-κB and MAPK signaling in response to Brucella. Moreover, we show that NLRP12 modulates caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion in B. abortus infected-macrophages. Furthermore, we show that mice lacking NLRP12 are more resistant in the early stages of B. abortus infection: NLRP12-/- infected-mice have reduced bacterial burdens in the spleens and increased production of IFN-γ and IL-1β compared with wild-type controls. In addition, NLRP12 deficiency leads to reduction in granuloma number and size in mouse livers. Altogether, our findings suggest that NLRP12 plays an important role in negatively regulating the early inflammatory responses against B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Silveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio R Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila C Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sergio C Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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150
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THE FEATURES OF ACUTE BRUCELLOSIS IN AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2016.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known, that the injury of organs and systems and also immunological rates considerably determine clinical course and the result of brucellosis. In the article are presented the results of examination of 120 patients with acute brucellosis. The control group included 30 practically healthy persons. Groups were representative by the age and sex. The diagnosis of brucellosis was set on the base of complaints, anamnesis, epidemiological and clinical data and the results of serological examination of the blood. All patients also underwent the fixation of interleukin -6, іinterleukin-4 and TLR-2 in the blood serum. The detailed epidemiological, clinical and immunological characteristic of patients with brucellosis was presented. Among examined persons prevailed men, persons of young able-bodied persons and rural dwellers. It was revealed, that the dominating way of transmission was the contact one. The highest level of infection was fixed among the workers of farm enterprises and veterinarians. The season features were also revealed, the highest level of morbidity was in summer-autumn period. The main clinical features were: fever, arthralgia, risen disposition to perspire, hepatosplenomegaly. It was revealed, that the level of pro-inflammatory interleukins considerably prevailed over the level of anti-inflammatory ones. Despite the high sensitivity of PCR diagnostics, the positive results in our research were received only in one third of patients.
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