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Aranda S, Jiménez E, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Verdolini N, Alonso S, Sepúlveda E, Julià A, Marsal S, Bobes J, Sáiz PA, García-Portilla P, Menchón JM, Crespo JM, González-Pinto A, Pérez V, Arango C, Sierra P, Sanjuán J, Pomarol-Clotet E, Vieta E, Vilella E. Processing speed mediates the relationship between DDR1 and psychosocial functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder presenting psychotic symptoms. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02480-1. [PMID: 38374360 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The DDR1 locus is associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia and with processing speed in patients with schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis. Here, we investigated whether DDR1 variants are associated with bipolar disorder (BD) features. First, we performed a case‒control association study comparing DDR1 variants between patients with BD and healthy controls. Second, we performed linear regression analyses to assess the associations of DDR1 variants with neurocognitive domains and psychosocial functioning. Third, we conducted a mediation analysis to explore whether neurocognitive impairment mediated the association between DDR1 variants and psychosocial functioning in patients with BD. Finally, we studied the association between DDR1 variants and white matter microstructure. We did not find any statistically significant associations in the case‒control association study; however, we found that the combined genotypes rs1264323AA-rs2267641AC/CC were associated with worse neurocognitive performance in patients with BD with psychotic symptoms. In addition, the combined genotypes rs1264323AA-rs2267641AC/CC were associated with worse psychosocial functioning through processing speed. We did not find correlations between white matter microstructure abnormalities and the neurocognitive domains associated with the combined genotypes rs1264323AA-rs2267641AC/CC. Overall, the results suggest that DDR1 may be a marker of worse neurocognitive performance and psychosocial functioning in patients with BD, specifically those with psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Aranda
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Erick J Canales-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Sepúlveda
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- nstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA) Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar A Sáiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- nstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA) Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paz García-Portilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- nstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA) Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jose M Menchón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Crespo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital de Mar. Mental Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurosciences Research Unit, Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sierra
- La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Reus, Spain.
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Verdu-Rotellar JM, Calero E, Duran J, Navas E, Alonso S, Argemí N, Casademunt M, Furió P, Casajuana E, Vinyoles E, Muñoz MA. Impact of malnutrition on the quality of life in older patients with advanced heart failure: a cohort study. Rev Clin Esp 2024; 224:105-113. [PMID: 38280424 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition, the clinical characteristics associated with malnutrition and the impact of nutritional status on mortality, quality of life, self-care abilities, and activities of daily living in the older patients with advanced heart failure. METHODS A prospective multicentre cohort study including 260 community-dwelling elderly patients with advanced HF was conducted between June 2017 and December 2019. The study was carried out in 22 primary healthcare centres, three university hospitals, one acute-care hospital, and one geriatric rehabilitation unit in the city of Barcelona (Spain). Nutritional status was assessed at baseline using the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire. Patient-reported outcome measures included quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), self-care behaviour (European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale) and impact on activities of daily living (Barthel Index). RESULTS Using the MNA-SF, 126 (48.5%) patients were identified as being at risk of malnutrition and 33 (12.7%) patients as having confirmed malnutrition. Compared to HF patients with normal nutritional status, patients with confirmed malnutrition were significantly older, with a lower BMI, and with reduced haemoglobin levels. During follow-up (median 14.9 months, Interquartile Range; 4.9-26.9), 133 (51.2%) of the included participants died, and mortality was significantly higher among patients identified as having malnutrition (p < 0.001). Better Barthel index and quality of life scores were inversely related to the risk of malnutrition, [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.97 (95% Confidence interval 0.96; 0.98) and OR 0.98 (95% Confidence interval, 0.96; 0.99)], respectively. Higher scores in the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale, which implies worse self care, were related to higher malnutrition risk, OR 1.05 (95% Confidence interval, 1.02; 1.09. Adjusted multivariate logistic model found that malnutrition was significantly associated with poor quality of life, and adverse impacts on daily activities and self-care. CONCLUSIONS In community-dwelling older patients with advanced HF, malnutrition was associated with worse patient reported outcome measures related to poor quality of life, and adverse impacts on self-care and daily activities. Nutritional status must be systematically addressed by primary care nurses and family doctors to improve survival rates in these patients. It would be helpful the incorporation of expert professionals in nutrition in the primary health care centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Verdu-Rotellar
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, School of Medicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Calero
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Duran
- Clinica Sant Antoni (Institut Medic i de Rehabilitació), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Navas
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Alonso
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Argemí
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Casademunt
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Furió
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Casajuana
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Vinyoles
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina (School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Muñoz
- Gerencia Territorial de Barcelona (Primary Healthcare), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, School of Medicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain.
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Alonso S, Angel MD, Muunda E, Kilonzi E, Palloni G, Grace D, Leroy JL. Consumer Demand for Milk and the Informal Dairy Sector Amidst COVID-19 in Nairobi, Kenya. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100058. [PMID: 36950195 PMCID: PMC9957657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had large negative effects on countries' economies and individual well-being throughout the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Pandemic-related changes in behavior and government restrictions in Kenya may have negatively affected food supply chains and household food access; however, the empirical evidence is currently limited. Objectives The study explored changes in informal milk markets, dairy consumption, and food insecurity among low-income households in urban and periurban Nairobi, Kenya, following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country. Methods Baseline data on milk sales and consumption were collected in late 2019 from dairy vendors operating in the informal sector and their dairy customers. We conducted 2 longitudinal telephone surveys with the same study participants in July and September-October 2020, respectively. Results At the first follow-up, the volume of milk sold by informal vendors had dropped by 30% compared with their baseline level, and the volume of milk from informal markets consumed by households decreased by 23%. By the second follow-up, the volume of milk sold and consumed had recovered somewhat but remained lower than the volume observed 1 y prior in the same season. Large reductions in the consumption of other animal-sourced products were also observed. The rate of food insecurity increased by 16 and 11 percentage points in the first and second follow-up periods, respectively, compared with baseline. Conclusions The evidence, therefore, suggests that the timing of the pandemic and the related restrictions were associated with a decrease in the supply and consumption of milk from informal markets in Nairobi and a decrease in the food security of periurban consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alonso
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Moira Donahue Angel
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States
| | - Emmanuel Muunda
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emily Kilonzi
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Giordano Palloni
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States
| | - Delia Grace
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jef L Leroy
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States
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Asakura S, Khieu B, Seng S, Pok S, Ty C, Phiny C, Srey T, Blacksell SD, Gilbert J, Grace D, Alonso S. Diarrhea illness in livestock keeping households in Cambodia: An analysis using a One Health framework. Front Sustain Food Syst 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1127445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMost of human diarrheal pathogens are zoonotic, and transmission of the pathogens can occur by contaminated food, water, environment and direct contact with animals especially for livestock keepers. Yet little is known of the relative importance of different risk factors especially in under-studied countries. The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for diarrhea in livestock keepers in Cambodia and detect diarrhea-causing pathogenic bacteria in both humans and livestock within a One Health approach. Of special interest were the links between diarrhea and food consumption and livestock-keeping.Materials and methodsWe used an existing dataset from a questionnaire survey conducted in 400 livestock farms in Prey Veng and Kampot Prefectures between February and March 2013 as well as laboratory results on bacterial isolation from fecal and swab samples from livestock and poultry, and human stool samples. Laboratory results were available for up to three animals of each species kept by a household, and for up to three human samples from households reporting at least one case of human diarrhea in the previous 2 weeks. Presence of Escherichia coli, Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. was investigated in both animal and human samples, in addition to Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp. and Plesiomonas spp. in animal samples and Campylobacter spp. in human samples. Univariable and multivariable risk factor analyses were performed by generalized linear mixed model.ResultsHousehold-level diarrhea incidence rate was 9.0% (36/400). The most statistically significant factor associated with diarrhea in multivariable analysis was water treatment for drinking and cooking (OR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.16–0.69, p = 0.003), followed by number of days consuming egg within 2 weeks (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.04–1.29, p = 0.008), number of children under 5 years old (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.14–3.49, p = 0.016) and keeping poultry (OR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.14–0.92, p = 0.033). Animal samples for bacterial culture test were collected at 279 cattle, 165 pig and 327 poultry farms, and bacteria were detected from 6 farms with the isolation of Escherichia coli O157 (non H7) from 1 cattle and 1 pig sample, Aeromonas caviae from 1 pig sample and Salmonella spp. from 3 chicken samples. In human samples, 17 out of 67 individual samples were positive for the culture test, detecting Escherichia coli O157 (non H7) from 7 samples and Shigella spp. from 10 samples. None of the households where target bacteria were detected from animal samples had human samples collected due to lack of diarrhea episodes in the household.ConclusionsIt has often been hypothesized that keeping livestock may increase the incidence of diarrhea through multiple pathways. Contrary to this, we found livestock-keeping was not associated with increased risk, but food-related behavior and children under 5 years of age were strongly associated with increased risk. We discuss mediating and confounding factors and make recommendations for reducing the burden of diarrheal disease in Cambodia and more widely in low- and middle-income countries.
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Bouza E, García Navarro JA, Alonso S, Duran Alonso JC, Escobar C, Fontecha Gómez BJ, Galvá Borrás MI, García Rojas AJ, Gómez Pavón FJ, Gracia D, Gutiérrez Rodríguez J, Kestler M, Martínez Cuervo F, Martín Sánchez FJ, Melero C, Escobar C, Menéndez Villanueva R, Muñoz P, Palomo E, Pérez-Castejón Garrote JM, Serra Rexach JA, Santaeugenia SJ, Tarazona Santabalbina FJ, Vidán Astiz MT. Infection control in long term care institutions for the elderly: A reflection document on the situation in Spain. Rev Esp Quimioter 2023. [PMID: 36987393 DOI: 10.37201/req/002.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
A progressively increasing percentage of the elderly live during the last years of their lives in nursing homes. Although these institutions are intended to mimic life at home as much as possible, they have characteristics that make them quite similar to a “nosocomiun”, i.e. an establishment for the treatment of the sick. The very coexistence among the elderly, the fact of sharing caregivers and the very significant exposure to third parties, together with the frequent predisposing diseases to infection in this population, make infection frequent among residents and also easily transmissible. This leads us to ask what can be done to prevent infection in this environment and more specifically what is the state of the art of the matter in a Western European nation such as ours. The Board of Trustees of the Health Sciences Foundation has asked itself a series of questions on the subject of infection prevention in Nursing Homes, the structure of procedures, the legislation available, compliance with the measures indicated, the best indicators of the processes and therefore, the need to promote in Spain a document of recommendations to avoid infections in this poplation whose morbidity and mortality need not be highlighted. To this end, a multidisciplinary group of experts in different aspects of this problem has been convened and asked the proposed questions. The questions were discussed by the group as a whole and led to a series of conclusions agreed upon by the participants. The results of the meeting are reported below.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bouza
- Emilio Bouza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. C/ Dr. Esquerdo, 46 - 28007 Madrid, Spain.
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Muunda E, Mtimet N, Bett E, Wanyoike F, Alonso S. Milk purchase and consumption patterns in peri-urban low-income households in Kenya. Front Sustain Food Syst 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1084067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk plays an important role in the growth and development of children. In Kenya, it is one of the most produced and consumed animal-sourced foods, but often consumed in small amounts among children of low-income families, especially in urban settings. The aim of the study was to identify household milk purchase and consumption patterns of milk, with emphasis on young children, as well as estimate key determinants of such patterns to identify areas of leverage to increase milk consumption. Results showed that 98% of households purchased unprocessed fresh milk at least once during the 7 days prior to the survey, while only 17% purchased packed pasteurized milk. Findings from the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model of purchase behavior suggest that the amount of unpacked milk purchased by households is positively and significantly related to household income, the number of children below the age of 4, and the budget of animal-sourced food. The price and quantities of pasteurized milk purchased were negatively related to the amount of unpacked milk purchased. Consumption patterns for children below the age of 4 showed that milk and dairy products are most commonly consumed as part of dishes than as individual products. Informal markets played a key role in meeting the milk needs of children, but consumption was below recommended amounts. The clear association of income and milk intake calls for efforts from the government to support the dairy sector with policies that promote the availability and affordability of milk, especially for a sector that feeds low-income families, as it is the case with the informal dairy markets.
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Gazu L, Alonso S, Mutua F, Roesel K, Lindahl JF, Amenu K, Maximiano Sousa F, Ulrich P, Guadu T, Dione M, Ilboudo G, Knight-Jones T, Grace D. Foodborne disease hazards and burden in Ethiopia: A systematic literature review, 1990–2019. Front Sustain Food Syst 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1058977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundFoodborne disease (FBD) affects millions of people each year, posing a health burden similar to malaria, tuberculosis or HIV. A recent World Bank study estimated the productivity losses alone attributed to unsafe food within Africa at $20 billion in 2016, and the cost of treating these illnesses at an additional $3.5 billion. Ethiopia faces multiple food safety challenges due to lack of infrastructure and basic pre-requisites for food safety such as clean water and environment, washing facilities, compounded by limited implementation of food safety regulations, and a lack of incentives for producers to improve food safety. A consolidation of our understanding and evidence of the source, nature and scale of FBD in Ethiopia is needed to inform policy and future research. We performed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of publications on FBD occurrence in Ethiopia including hazard presence and impact.MethodThe SLR followed Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed and CAB-Direct for relevant publications between 1990 and 2019 (inclusive). Observational studies and reviews were included. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, and retained publications were reviewed in full for quality and data extraction.ResultIn total 128 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most articles focused on the identification of biological hazards in food. High levels of microbial contamination in different food value chains were often found in the small, ad hoc, observational studies that dominated the literature. Raw milk (22/128, 17.0%) and raw beef (21/128, 16.4%) were the most studied food products. Foodborne (FB) parasites were often found at higher rates in food than bacterial and viral pathogens, possibly due to differences in ease of identification. High levels of bacterial contamination on the hands of food handlers were widely reported. There were no reports on the incidence of human FBDs or resulting health and economic impacts.ConclusionOur findings reflect existing concerns around food safety in Ethiopia. A lack of substantial, coordinated studies with robust methodologies means fundamental gaps remain in our knowledge of FBD in Ethiopia, particularly regarding FBD burden and impact. Greater investment in food safety is needed, with enhanced and coordinated research and interventions.
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Khadhouri S, Orecchia L, Banthia R, Piazza P, Mak D, Pyrgidis N, Narayan P, Abad Lopez P, Nawaz F, Thanh T, Claps F, Hogan D, Gomez Rivas J, Alonso S, Chibuzo I, Meghana K, Anbarasan T, Gallagher K, Kasivisvanathan V. External validation of the IDENTIFY risk calculator. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Alonso S, Yela S, Cardona G. Are Patients Sufficiently Informed about Contact Lens Wear and Care? Optom Vis Sci 2022; 99:853-858. [PMID: 36441991 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Frequent and effective patient-practitioner communication is essential to ensure that instructions regarding contact lens use, care, and maintenance are understood and followed. Given the relevance of good patient compliance, the responsibility of practitioners to provide adequate information may not be neglected. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the content and type of information licensed optometrists in Spain provide their patients during the first contact lens fitting and at follow-up visits. METHODS A self-reported ad hoc survey was distributed to licensed optometrists in Spain to investigate, among other factors, whether practitioners provided information on several aspects of contact lens use and maintenance, how was this information provided, and whether in-office practical demonstrations were conducted at all contact lens appointments. RESULTS Respondents of 321 surveys had a median of 20 years of contact lens fitting experience and worked on independent practices (67.6%), and national (29.0%) and regional chains (3.4%). Type of practice influenced continuous education habits ( P = .03). Overall, 28.0% of participants did not always instruct patients on the need to rub contact lenses, 34.3% did not always address contact lens replacement, and 6.8% did not always explain storage case hygiene and replacement. At the follow-up visit, only 8.4% of respondents asked their patients to demonstrate their care routines. Information was mostly oral (48.6%) or oral and written (43.0%). Contact lens-related complications were reported more frequently by participants with less continuous education training ( P = .01), by those not always recommending rubbing ( P = .002), and by those not providing written information about storage case hygiene and replacement ( P = .002). CONCLUSIONS Patient-practitioner communication was good, albeit several areas were identified where information was insufficient or not provided in a correct and timely format. Precise, written information on rubbing and storage case hygiene and replacement may improve compliance and assist in avoiding complications and dropout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alonso
- Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Sandra Yela
- Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain
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Blackmore E, Guarin A, Kinyua C, Vorley W, Grace D, Alonso S. The governance of quality and safety in Tanzania's informal milk markets. Front Sustain Food Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.971961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant economic and social transformation in Tanzania, 95% of the milk produced in Tanzania is marketed informally. Most of this is commercialized raw (unpasteurized) and distributed and sold through informal traders and vendors to low-income consumers, making it an important source of nutrition and livelihoods. While Tanzania's official dairy policy promotes pasteurization and formal industry, in practice the regulatory environment is relatively permissive of informal raw milk trade. We draw on original data from a survey with over 200 informal market actors, and insights from key informant interviews, to examine the context, perceptions and practices that affect quality and safety in the informal milk market in Tanzania. Our insights contribute to the potential for a more realistic and effective engagement with the informal sector, in Tanzania and beyond. Our results show that all informal market actors are concerned with milk quality and safety and take measures to mitigate risk. Loyalty and repeated interactions between buyers and sellers contribute to ensuring milk quality and safety in the absence of formal mechanisms such as testing. Despite this there is room for improvement. Informal actors expressed interest in training and finance to upgrade their premises and equipment and would also like to see improved communication with policymakers. Any future policy interventions should build on the indigenous practices being used by informal actors that already contribute to risk management. Efforts to better understand the informal sector and address the broader challenge of the lack of voice and representation of the informal sector in policy making in Tanzania are needed.
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11
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Martin Inaraja M, Alonso S, Rodriguez C, Santos S, Iglesias M, Prieto B, Matorras R, Garcia-Quevedo L, Vidal F, Eguizabal C. P-803 DNA-FISH analysis in testicular tissue cells of prepuberal patients with Klinefelter Syndrome. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac104.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Can we accurately assess sex-chromosomes number in testicular cells (germ and somatic) of Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) prepuberal patients by DNA-FISH in paraffin embedded sections?
Summary answer
We have evaluated the sex-chromosomes content of testicular cells in KS prepuberal patients and the presence of XY lines evidenced a gonadal mosaicism status.
What is known already
Prepuberal boys with Klinefelter Syndrome usually have fertility problems in adulthood, mainly azoospermia. Due to the symptoms cause by the disease, Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) are less abundant and spermatogenesis does not occur. These patients do not have any alternative to restore the fertility in the future. When a boy has both XY and XXY cell lines, this patient is mosaic (46,XY/47,XXY). Meaning some cells could undergo spermatogenesis and generate gametes with normal sex-chromosomes number. The aim of this work is to test if KS patients diagnosed as pure can have testicular cell lines with XY chromosome number (mosaic).
Study design, size, duration
We obtained samples from human prepuberal patients diagnosed with pure Klinefelter Syndrome (47,XXY) for the last 5 years. Testicular biopsy fragments are fixed for histological studies and other fragments are cryopreserved. Some fragments are used for immunofluorescence and subsequently processed by DNA-FISH to determine the sex-chromosomes content of testicular cells.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
In this study, we used 10 prepuberal patients with KS and 5 prepuberal patients with other fertility problems with normal chromosome set as controls. We performed immunofluorescence to determine expression of germ cells (VASA) and SSCs (MAGEA4) markers and somatic cells markers such as Leydig cells (StAR) and Sertoli cells (SOX9). Afterwards, we perform DNA-FISH, with probes specific for chromosomes X and Y and chromosome 18 as a control.
Main results and the role of chance
The methodology used allows cytogenetic characterization of testicular tissue in paraffin embedded sections. Testicular mosaicism has been observed in all patients diagnosed as pure KS. We have observed a degree of mosaicism of 66-80% in SSCs, of 20-50% in Sertoli cells and of 30-50% in Leydig cells.
We pursued a protocol with a good FISH efficiency that allows colocalization of previous immunocharacterized testicular cells.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The DNA-FISH technique is made just in a single paraffin section of each KS patient testicular sample. Due to the limited and difficulty to obtain KS testicular tissue, we use a limited number of samples.
Wider implications of the findings
We succeed to demonstrate the mosaicism of testicular cells in prepuberal patients that are diagnosed with KS. Thus, the better understanding of the SSCs with normal chromosome set (XY) could be useful for future in vitro expansion and stem cell therapies.
Trial registration number
not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martin Inaraja
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Center- Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Cell Therapy--Stem Cells and Tissues Group , Galdakao, Spain
| | - S Alonso
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Center- Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Cell Therapy--Stem Cells and Tissues Group , Galdakao, Spain
| | - C Rodriguez
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Center- Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Cell Therapy--Stem Cells and Tissues Group , Galdakao, Spain
| | - S Santos
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Center- Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Cell Therapy--Stem Cells and Tissues Group , Galdakao, Spain
| | - M Iglesias
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Center-Cruces University Hospital-Basque Country University-IVI Bilbao, Human Reproduction Unit , Barakaldo, Spain
| | - B Prieto
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Center-Cruces University Hospital-Basque Country University-IVI Bilbao, Human Reproduction Unit , Barakaldo, Spain
- IVIRMA, IVI Bilbao , Lejona, Spain
| | - R Matorras
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Center-Cruces University Hospital-Basque Country University-IVI Bilbao, Human Reproduction Unit , Barakaldo, Spain
- IVIRMA, IVI Bilbao , Lejona, Spain
| | - L Garcia-Quevedo
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Cell Biology- Physiology and Immunology , Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F Vidal
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Cell Biology- Physiology and Immunology , Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C Eguizabal
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Center- Basque Centre for Blood Transfusion and Human Tissues, Cell Therapy--Stem Cells and Tissues Group , Galdakao, Spain
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Hailu K, Gashu D, Joy EJM, Alonso S, Gizaw S, Gameda S, Ander EL, Bailey EH, Wilson L, Lark RM, Kumssa DB, Broadley MR. Selenium Concentration in Cattle Serum and Fodder from Two Areas in Ethiopia with Contrasting Human Selenium Concentration. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2022; 27:200. [DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2707200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Ayele M, Haile D, Alonso S, Sime H, Abera A, Balcha KH, Roba KT, Guma GT, Endris BS. Aflatoxin exposure among children of age 12-59 Months in Butajira District, South-Central Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:326. [PMID: 35655154 PMCID: PMC9161506 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The continued provision of safe food, free of aflatoxin remains a huge challenge in developing countries. Despite several favourable climatic conditions that facilitate aflatoxin contamination in Ethiopia, there is little information showing aflatoxin exposure in children. Therefore, this study assessed aflatoxin exposure among young children in Butajira district, South-Central Ethiopia. Methods Community based cross-sectional study stratified by agro-ecology was employed in Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) of Butajira. The study included 332 children aged 12–59 months and were selected by simple random sampling technique using the HDSS registration number as a sampling frame. We collected data on dietary practice and aflatoxin exposure. Aflatoxin M1 concentration in urine was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data analysis was carried out using STATA. Results Detectable urinary Aflatoxin M1 was found in 62.4% (95% CI: 56.9 – 67.5%) of the children at a level ranging from 0.15 to 0.4 ng/ml. Children living in lowland agro-ecological zone had [AOR = 2.11 (95% CI; 1.15, 3.88] odds of being exposed to aflatoxin as compared to children living in highland agro-ecological zone. Children at lower socio-economic status [AOR = 0.27 (95% CI; 0.14, 0.50] and medium socio-economic status [AOR = 0.47 (95% CI; 0.25, 0.87] had 73% and 53% lower odds of being exposed to aflatoxin as compared to children in the higher socio-economic status, respectively. Conclusions Aflatoxin exposure among young children was very high in South-Central Ethiopia. This high aflatoxin exposure might emphasize the need for aflatoxin exposure mitigation strategies in Ethiopia. Especially, raising awareness of the community towards aflatoxin exposure is very crucial. In addition, further research is required to assess long-term aflatoxin exposure and its association with child growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ayele
- Doctors With Africa CUAMM, Medici Con L'Africa, Cuamm, Ethiopia.
| | - Demewoz Haile
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Silvia Alonso
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Heven Sime
- Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adugna Abera
- Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kifle Habte Balcha
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Geremew Tasew Guma
- Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bilal Shikur Endris
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Leroy JL, Frongillo EA, Kase BE, Alonso S, Chen M, Dohoo I, Huybregts L, Kadiyala S, Saville NM. Strengthening causal inference from randomised controlled trials of complex interventions. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-008597. [PMID: 35688484 PMCID: PMC9189821 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers conducting randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of complex interventions face design and analytical challenges that are not fully addressed in existing guidelines. Further guidance is needed to help ensure that these trials of complex interventions are conducted to the highest scientific standards while maximising the evidence that can be extracted from each trial. The key challenge is how to manage the multiplicity of outcomes required for the trial while minimising false positive and false negative findings. To address this challenge, we formulate three principles to conduct RCTs: (1) outcomes chosen should be driven by the intent and programme theory of the intervention and should thus be linked to testable hypotheses; (2) outcomes should be adequately powered and (3) researchers must be explicit and fully transparent about all outcomes and hypotheses before the trial is started and when the results are reported. Multiplicity in trials of complex interventions should be managed through careful planning and interpretation rather than through post hoc analytical adjustment. For trials of complex interventions, the distinction between primary and secondary outcomes as defined in current guidelines does not adequately protect against false positive and negative findings. Primary outcomes should be defined as outcomes that are relevant based on the intervention intent and programme theory, declared (ie, registered), and adequately powered. The possibility of confirmatory causal inference is limited to these outcomes. All other outcomes (either undeclared and/or inadequately powered) are secondary and inference relative to these outcomes will be exploratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef L Leroy
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bezawit E Kase
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Silvia Alonso
- Animal and Human Health Porgram, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mario Chen
- Biostatistics and Data Sciences, FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian Dohoo
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Lieven Huybregts
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Naomi M Saville
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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Blackmore E, Guarin A, Vorley W, Alonso S, Grace D. Kenya's informal milk markets and the regulation-reality gap. Dev Policy Rev 2022; 40:e12581. [PMID: 35915629 PMCID: PMC9313611 DOI: 10.1111/dpr.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Around 80% of milk in Kenya is marketed informally, providing livelihoods and contributing to the food security and nutrition of low-income consumers. Government policy, however, is focused on formalization-primarily through licensing and pasteurization-with enforcement via fines, confiscation of milk, or closing the premises of informal actors. PURPOSE This article seeks to better understand if, and why, Kenya's informal milk sector and regulatory system are disconnected from one another and how the policy-reality gap might be better bridged. METHODS AND APPROACH To understand the nature and performance of Kenya's informal milk markets and their governance, we used a mix of research methods and data sources, including surveys with informal market players, and key informant interviews with key sector stakeholders. Fieldwork was carried out in Nairobi in late 2018. FINDINGS Milk safety and quality matters to all actors in informal milk value chains. The trust-based system used is effective in moderating behaviours and assessing and prioritizing quality and safety. Government policy is not accomplishing the stated goal of formalization: licensing levels remain low among informal actors. Pasteurization is not rewarded in the market. There is some evidence of suboptimal pasteurization processes being undertaken to satisfy regulators. There is a gap between the reality of Kenya's informal milk sector and its regulatory system. POLICY IMPLICATIONS The regulation-reality gap manifests itself as adversarial relationships between regulators and informal actors, and unnecessary transaction costs, missing opportunities for enhancing livelihoods, food safety, and food security. New approaches should build on and consider existing approaches taken by actors in informal food markets to ensure food safety and quality. Policy-makers should seek to communicate more effectively with informal actors and engage in more constructive dialogue on inclusive ways forward.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Compliance with hygiene and replacement of contact lens (CL) storage cases is key to avoid CL contamination and anterior ocular surface complications. However, compliance levels with these accessories remain low, even in patients with awareness of the risk associated with noncompliance. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine level of compliance with common practices regarding CL storage case hygiene and replacement, type of information provided by practitioners, and risk perception. METHODS An ad hoc self-reported survey was used to collect demographic and CL wear details, compliance with storage case care, type of received information, and risk perception (in a 1-to-5 scale). Inferential statistics explored the relationship of demographic details and type of received information with compliance and risk perception. RESULTS Nondaily disposable wearing participants returned 299 completed surveys, with a median age of 24 years (76.9% females). Monthly replacement silicone hydrogel CLs and multipurpose solutions were predominant. Self-reported compliance with storage case care was poor, with 19.1% of respondents never cleaning their cases, 68.6% exposing them to tap water, and 26.4% failing to replace them within 6 months of acquisition. Two-thirds of respondents received specific information on case maintenance, mainly in oral form. Perceived risk associated with poor-compliance practices was high (median values of 4 and 5), and increased with educational level (P = .02, regarding handwashing; P = .03, regarding case hygiene), with years of CL wear experience (P < .001, regarding handwashing), in those patients provided with specific information on CL case care (P = .01, regarding case replacement). CONCLUSIONS Compliance with CL storage case hygiene and replacement was generally poor, although awareness of risk associated with noncompliance was high and influenced by factors related to demographic details, CL experience, and patient-practitioner communication. Strategies must be explored to increase risk awareness through education because this may lead to better compliance practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Alonso
- Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Sandra Yela
- Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain
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Haile AF, Alonso S, Berhe N, Atoma TB, Boyaka PN, Grace D. Prevalence, Antibiogram, and Multidrug-Resistant Profile of E. coli O157: H7 in Retail Raw Beef in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:734896. [PMID: 35280130 PMCID: PMC8907516 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.734896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an emerging foodborne pathogen of public health importance. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and multidrug-resistant profile of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from raw beef sold in butcher shops in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 384 raw beef samples were collected from randomly selected butcher shops across the 10 sub-cities of Addis Ababa. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated following ISO-16654:2001 standard, and isolates were tested for resistance to 13 antimicrobial agents using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Out of the 384 retail raw beef samples examined, 14 (3.64%) (95% CI = 1.77–5.51%) carried E. coli O157:H7 serotype. Of the 14 E. coli O157:H7 isolates, 8 (57.14%) were found to be resistant to three or more antimicrobial categories. The frequency of resistant phenotype was more common for ampicillin (92.8%), nitrofurantoin (92.8%), and tetracycline (50%). Multidrug-resistant E. coli O157:H7 were present in raw beef sold in butcher shops in Addis Ababa. Thus, more stringent monitoring of antimicrobial use in both human and animal populations should be implemented. In addition, further studies should be conducted to understand the E. coli O157:H7 points of contamination and define appropriate risk mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu Feleke Haile
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Aklilu Feleke Haile
| | - Silvia Alonso
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Berhe
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Prosper N. Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department Microbial Immunity and Infection, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Infection Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, United Kingdom
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Guisasola Cienfuegos M, Nuche J, Lareo A, Alonso S, Arribas-Ynsaurriaga F, Escribano Subias P, Jimenez Lopez-Guarch C. Usefulness of transthoracic echocardiography for pulmonary artery aneurysm screening in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA), defined as a pulmonary artery (PA) diameter >40 mm, is a common finding among pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. Although often asymptomatic, PAA may lead to life-threatening complications such as left main coronary artery compression or PA dissection. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is regularly employed for risk assessment in PAH patients. However, TTE accuracy for PA measurement has not been evaluated, and current practice guidelines lack formal recommendations for PAA screening and follow-up. We aim to determine whether TTE is an appropriate tool for PA diameter measurement and determine an optimal cut-off point to diagnose a PAA through TTE.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 657 PAH patients followed up at a national referral centre. For this analysis, we selected those patients who had undergone at least one TTE and one computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) within six months before or after the TTE. We performed an agreement analysis between CT/MR-based and TTE-based PA diameter using the Passing–Bablok method. Furthermore, we calculated the area under the curve for the identification of a PAA with a TTE (compared to CT/MR).
Results
We analyzed 281 simultaneous CT/MR and TTE of a total of 178 PAH patients (71% women). Median age at diagnosis was 42.1 (32.2–58.0) years. PAH etiology was idiopathic or familial in 67 (38%), associated with congenital heart disease in 28 (16%) and associated with connective tissue disease in 36 (20%) patients. In 46 (26%) patients PAH was associated with other entities, such as human immunodeficiency virus, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, drugs or portal hypertension. We found a significant correlation between PA diameter measured in TTE and CT/CMR (Lin's concordance correlation coefficient = 0.851) (Figure 1). The area under the curve for the detection of PAA was 0.91 (95% CI 0.88–0.95, p=0.018) (Figure 2). We selected a TTE-based PA diameter 37 mm as the optimal cut-off point for PAA identification. This diameter correctly classified 85.4% of measurements with a sensitivity and a specificity of 83.2% and 87.2%, respectively.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that TTE is an adequate tool for PA diameter quantification with a strong correlation with CT/MR. This good correlation makes TTE an excellent tool for PAA screening among PAH patients, avoiding unnecessary CT or MR scan and helping to identify those patients in whom close follow-up is advisable. Based on these results, we recommend the inclusion of PA diameter measurement in TTE acquisition protocols for PAH patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1. Passing–Bablok regression lineFigure 2. ROC curve for PAA detection with TTE
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Nuche
- University Hospital 12 de Octubre - Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Lareo
- University Hospital 12 de Octubre - Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Alonso
- University Hospital 12 de Octubre - Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - P Escribano Subias
- University Hospital 12 de Octubre - Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
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Olaechea-Lázaro S, García-Santisteban I, Pineda JR, Badiola I, Alonso S, Bilbao JR, Fernandez-Jimenez N. shinyCurves, a shiny web application to analyse multisource qPCR amplification data: a COVID-19 case study. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:476. [PMID: 34602053 PMCID: PMC8487674 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative, reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is currently the gold-standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection and it is also used for detection of other virus. Manual data analysis of a small number of qRT-PCR plates per day is a relatively simple task, but automated, integrative strategies are needed if a laboratory is dealing with hundreds of plates per day, as is being the case in the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Here we present shinyCurves, an online shiny-based, free software to analyze qRT-PCR amplification data from multi-plate and multi-platform formats. Our shiny application does not require any programming experience and is able to call samples Positive, Negative or Undetermined for viral infection according to a number of user-defined settings, apart from providing a complete set of melting and amplification curve plots for the visual inspection of results. CONCLUSIONS shinyCurves is a flexible, integrative and user-friendly software that speeds-up the analysis of massive qRT-PCR data from different sources, with the possibility of automatically producing and evaluating melting and amplification curve plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Olaechea-Lázaro
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - I García-Santisteban
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - J R Pineda
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - I Badiola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - S Alonso
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Bilbao
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - Nora Fernandez-Jimenez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain.
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Rogers S, Stauffer A, Lomax N, Alonso S, Eberle B, Gomez Ordoñez S, Lazeroms T, Kessler E, Brendel M, Schwyzer L, Riesterer O. Five fraction stereotactic radiotherapy after brain metastasectomy: a single-institution experience and literature review. J Neurooncol 2021; 155:35-43. [PMID: 34546498 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The outcomes of five fraction stereotactic radiotherapy (hfSRT) following brain metastasectomy were evaluated and compared with published series. METHODS 30 Gy in 5 fractions HfSRT prescribed to the surgical cavity was reduced to 25 Gy if the volume of 'brain-GTV' receiving 20 Gy exceeded 20 cm3. Endpoints were local recurrence, nodular leptomeningeal recurrence, new brain metastases and radionecrosis. The literature was searched for reports of clinical and dosimetric outcomes following postoperative hfSRT in 3-5 fractions. RESULTS 39 patients with 40 surgical cavities were analyzed. Cavity local control rate at 1 year was 33/40 (82.5%). 3 local failures followed 30 Gy/5 fractions and 4 with 25 Gy/5 fractions. The incidence of leptomeningeal disease (LMD) was 7/40 (17.5%). No grade 3-4 toxicities, particularly no radionecrosis, were reported. The incidence of distant brain metastases was 15/40 (37.5%). The median overall survival was 15 months. Across 13 published series, the weighted mean local control was 83.1% (adjusted for sample size), the mean incidence of LMD was 14.9% (7-34%) and the mean rate of radionecrosis was 10.3% (0-20.6%). CONCLUSION Postoperative hfSRT can be delivered with 25-30 Gy in 5 fractions with efficacy in excess of 82% and no significant toxicity when the dose to 'brain-GTV' does not exceed 20 cm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rogers
- Radiation Oncology Center KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - A Stauffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - N Lomax
- Radiation Oncology Center KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - S Alonso
- Radiation Oncology Center KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - B Eberle
- Radiation Oncology Center KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - S Gomez Ordoñez
- Radiation Oncology Center KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - T Lazeroms
- Radiation Oncology Center KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - E Kessler
- Radiation Oncology Center KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - M Brendel
- Department of Neuroradiology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - L Schwyzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - O Riesterer
- Radiation Oncology Center KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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El-Hussuna A, Karer MLM, Uldall Nielsen NN, Mujukian A, Fleshner PR, Iesalnieks I, Horesh N, Kopylov U, Jacoby H, Al-Qaisi HM, Colombo F, Sampietro GM, Marino MV, Ellebæk M, Steenholdt C, Sørensen N, Celentano V, Ladwa N, Warusavitarne J, Pellino G, Zeb A, Di Candido F, Hurtado-Pardo L, Frasson M, Kunovsky L, Yalcinkaya A, Tatar OC, Alonso S, Pera M, Granero AG, Rodríguez CA, Minaya A, Spinelli A, Qvist N. Postoperative complications and waiting time for surgical intervention after radiologically guided drainage of intra-abdominal abscess in patients with Crohn's disease. BJS Open 2021; 5:6369776. [PMID: 34518869 PMCID: PMC8438259 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with active Crohn's disease (CD), treatment of intra-abdominal abscess usually comprises antibiotics and radiologically guided percutaneous drainage (PD) preceding surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of postoperative complications and identify the optimal time interval for surgical intervention after PD. METHODS A multicentre, international, retrospective cohort study was carried out. Details of patients with diagnosis of CD who underwent ultrasonography- or CT-guided PD were retrieved from hospital records using international classification of disease (ICD-10) diagnosis code for CD combined with procedure code for PD. Clinical variables were retrieved and the following outcomes were measured: 30-day postoperative overall complications, intra-abdominal septic complications, unplanned intraoperative adverse events, surgical-site infections, sepsis and pathological postoperative ileus, in addition to abscess recurrence. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the length of the interval from PD to surgery (1-14 days, 15-30 days and more than 30 days) for comparison of outcomes. RESULTS The cohort comprised 335 CD patients with PD followed by surgery. Median age was 33 (i.q.r. 24-44) years, 152 (45.4 per cent) were females, and median disease duration was 9 (i.q.r. 3.6-15) years. Overall, the 30-day postoperative complications rate was 32.2 per cent and the mortality rate was 1.5 per cent. After adjustment for co-variables, older age (odds ratio 1.03 (95 per cent c.i. 1.01 to 1.06), P < 0.012), residual abscess after PD (odds ratio 0.374 (95 per cent c.i. 0.19 to 0.74), P < 0.014), smoking (odds ratio 1.89 (95 per cent c.i. 1.01 to 3.53), P = 0.049) and low serum albumin concentration (odds ratio 0.921 (95 per cent c.i. 0.89 to 0.96), P < 0.001) were associated with higher rates of postoperative complications. A short waiting interval, less than 2 weeks after PD, was associated with a high incidence of abscess recurrence (odds ratio 0.59 (95 per cent c.i. 0.36 to 0.96), P = 0.042). CONCLUSION Smoking, low serum albumin concentration and older age were significantly associated with postoperative complications. An interval of at least 2 weeks after successful PD correlated with reduced risk of abscess recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A El-Hussuna
- Department of Clinical Medicin, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M L M Karer
- Department of Clinical Medicin, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - A Mujukian
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - P R Fleshner
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - I Iesalnieks
- Department of Surgery, Städtisches Klinikum München Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - N Horesh
- Department of surgery, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan Israel and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Department of gastroentrology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan Israel and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - U Kopylov
- Department of surgery, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan Israel and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Department of gastroentrology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan Israel and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - H Jacoby
- Department of surgery, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan Israel and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Department of gastroentrology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan Israel and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - H M Al-Qaisi
- Department of Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - F Colombo
- Division of General and HPB Surgery, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - G M Sampietro
- Department of Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M V Marino
- Department of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Ellebæk
- Research Unit for Surgery and IBD-Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - C Steenholdt
- Department of Gastroentrology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - N Sørensen
- Department of Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - V Celentano
- Department of Surgery, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - N Ladwa
- Department of Surgery, St Mark's and Northwick Park Hospital, UK
| | - J Warusavitarne
- Department of Surgery, St Mark's and Northwick Park Hospital, UK
| | - G Pellino
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - A Zeb
- Department of Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark
| | - F Di Candido
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre IRCCS, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - L Hurtado-Pardo
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital La Fe, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - M Frasson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital La Fe, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - L Kunovsky
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Yalcinkaya
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - O C Tatar
- Department of Surgery, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Turkey
| | - S Alonso
- Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pera
- Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A G Granero
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain
| | - C A Rodríguez
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Minaya
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Spinelli
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre IRCCS, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - N Qvist
- Department of Clinical Medicin, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of surgery, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan Israel and Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Department of Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,Research Unit for Surgery and IBD-Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Surgery, St Mark's and Northwick Park Hospital, UK.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Surgery, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Haile AF, Alonso S, Berhe N, Bekele Atoma T, Boyaka PN, Grace D. Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Retail Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) in Addis Ababa City: Magnitude of Contamination and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694506. [PMID: 34335523 PMCID: PMC8322604 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important foodborne pathogen but largely under investigated in Africa. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli O157:H7 in lettuce in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 390 retail lettuce samples were collected across the 10 subcities of Addis Ababa. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated and identified following ISO-16654:2001 standard. The isolates were further tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to 13 antimicrobials using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Out of the 390 lettuce samples examined, two (0.51%) carried E. coli O157:H7. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of strains showed resistance to ampicillin (100%) and tetracycline (50.0%). One of the two isolates was multidrug resistant to two antimicrobials tested. The results of this study demonstrate the presence of drug-resistant E. coli O157:H7 in lettuce in markets in Addis Ababa. Despite the low prevalence, its presence in a product that is eaten raw highlights potential public health risk in the area associated with this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu Feleke Haile
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Silvia Alonso
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Berhe
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbial Immunity and Infection, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Infection Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya.,Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, United Kingdom
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23
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Muunda E, Mtimet N, Schneider F, Wanyoike F, Dominguez-Salas P, Alonso S. Could the new dairy policy affect milk allocation to infants in Kenya? A best-worst scaling approach. Food Policy 2021; 101:102043. [PMID: 34239221 PMCID: PMC8246533 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Milk is an important food item in the diet of Kenyans, especially infants. During the last two decades, the dairy sector in Kenya has witnessed important growth in production and improvements in milk quality. The informal marketing channel still prevails, and the Kenya Dairy Board, the regulator of the dairy sector, is currently introducing new regulations to increase registration and licensing of smallholder producers and dairy business operators, improve product hygiene and quality, and safeguard the health of consumers. These new regulations encompass, among others, the requirement to pasteurize milk before it is sold and adopt traceability processes and quality tests; most of these will probably result in higher milk prices at retail level. Using the best-worst scaling approach in this study, we analyzed the potential effects of milk price increase on household milk purchase and allocation to infants (6-48 months of age). The results indicate that an increase in milk price will decrease milk allocation to and intake by children. Households will replace the lost infant milk intake by fruits or porridge that might not be of equivalent nutritional value to milk. Any reforms to policies and regulatory systems aimed at streamlining the dairy sector should account for impacts on milk prices, responsiveness of consumers to price variations and infant nutrition. We recommend that regulatory and development agencies consider interventions that do not increase price for consumers and facilitate access to affordable and safe milk for children and entire households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Muunda
- International Livestock Research Institute, Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nadhem Mtimet
- International Fund for Agricultural Development, 1191 - Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Francis Wanyoike
- International Livestock Research Institute, Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Silvia Alonso
- International Livestock Research Institute, Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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24
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Alonso S, Cáceres S, Vélez D, Sanz L, Silvan G, Illera MJ, Illera JC. Accurate prediction of birth implementing a statistical model through the determination of steroid hormones in saliva. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5617. [PMID: 33692437 PMCID: PMC7970941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidal hormone interaction in pregnancy is crucial for adequate fetal evolution and preparation for childbirth and extrauterine life. Estrone sulphate, estriol, progesterone and cortisol play important roles in the initiation of labour mechanism at the start of contractions and cervical effacement. However, their interaction remains uncertain. Although several studies regarding the hormonal mechanism of labour have been reported, the prediction of date of birth remains a challenge. In this study, we present for the first time machine learning algorithms for the prediction of whether spontaneous labour will occur from week 37 onwards. Estrone sulphate, estriol, progesterone and cortisol were analysed in saliva samples collected from 106 pregnant women since week 34 by enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) techniques. We compared a random forest model with a traditional logistic regression over a dataset constructed with the values observed of these measures. We observed that the results, evaluated in terms of accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) metrics, are sensibly better in the random forest model. For this reason, we consider that machine learning methods contribute in an important way to the obstetric practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alonso
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Cáceres
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Vélez
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Mathematics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sanz
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Mathematics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Silvan
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Illera
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Cardona G, Alonso S, Busquets A. Patient - practitioner communication and contact lens compliance during a prolonged COVID-19 lockdown. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:101433. [PMID: 33685823 PMCID: PMC7923872 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Ocular manifestations and ocular transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in contact lens (CL) wearers may be fostered by non-compliance with care and maintenance instructions which, in turn, may be aggravated by inadequate patient-practitioner communication. The purpose of this research was to determine CL use, compliance and patient-practitioner communication during a 3-month long COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. Methods An online survey (developed using Google Forms) retrospectively evaluated CL compliance during the 3-month lockdown (responses captured between 15th July and 10th August, 2020), with particular emphasis on patient-practitioner communication, handwashing practices and CL case hygiene and replacement. Results A total of 247 responses were collected and analysed. Most participants used monthly replacement soft lenses (64.8 %) and multipurpose solutions (75.7 %), with 86.6 % of them owning a storage case for their lenses. During lockdown, a significant percentage of participants ceased lens wear (28.4 %) or reduced wearing time (49.2 %). Regarding patient-practitioner communication, 54.3 % of respondents received specific instructions, mostly about handwashing (93.3 %) and storage case hygiene (48.5 %). The most frequent non-compliant practices were inadequate handwashing (36.4 %), and overextending monthly or two-weekly replacement lenses (35.2 %). Many respondents never cleaned (23.0 %) nor replaced (16.3 %) their storage case, and 27.8 % of them reported not having been informed about case hygiene by their practitioners. Conclusion Contact lens compliance, particularly in terms of handwashing and storage case hygiene, was poor during a prolonged COVID-19 lockdown, thus stressing the need to foster patient-practitioner communication strategies to curtail the possibility of ocular transmission and the risk of virus tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genis Cardona
- School of Optics and Optometry of Terrassa, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, c/Violinista Vellsola, 37, E08222, Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Silvia Alonso
- School of Optics and Optometry of Terrassa, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, c/Violinista Vellsola, 37, E08222, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Anna Busquets
- School of Optics and Optometry of Terrassa, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, c/Violinista Vellsola, 37, E08222, Terrassa, Spain
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26
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Alonso S, Caceres S, Vélez D, Sanz L, Silvan G, Illera MJ, Illera JC. Longitudinal study on steroid hormone variations during the second trimester of gestation: a useful tool to confirm adequate foetal development. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:120. [PMID: 33563237 PMCID: PMC7874490 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interaction of hormonal factors are crucial for good foetal development. During the second trimester of gestation, most of the main physiological processes of foetal development occur. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the variations in the physiological levels of cortisol, estriol, estrone sulphate, and progesterone during the second trimester (weeks 12–26) in order to establish normal ranges that can serve as indicators of foetal well-being and good functioning of the foetal-placental unit. Methods Saliva samples from 106 pregnant women were collected weekly (from week 12 to week 26 of gestation), and hormonal measurements were assayed by an enzyme immunoassay. The technique used for hormone measurements was highly sensitive and served as a non-invasive method for sample collection. Results The results revealed a statistically significant (p<0.05) difference between cortisol, progesterone, and oestrogens throughout the second trimester, with a more substantial relationship between oestrogens and progesterone [P4-E3 (r=0.427); P4-E1SO4 (r=0.419)]. By analysing these hormone concentrations, statistically significant (p<0.05) elevations in progesterone, cortisol, and estriol levels were found at the 16th [(P4 (0.78±0.088), C(1.99±0.116), E3(2.513±0.114)]; 18th [(P4 (1.116±0.144), C(3.409±0.137), E3(3.043±0.123)] and 23rd week of gestation [(P4(1.36±0.153), C(1.936±0.11), E3(2.657±0.07)]. Estrone sulphate levels appeared to increase progressively throughout the second trimester [from 1.103±0.03 to 2.244±0.09]. Conclusion The 18th week of gestation seems to constitute a very important week during foetal adrenal development, and the analysis of the main hormones involved in foetal development, provided more precise information regarding the proper functioning of the foetal unit and foetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alonso
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Caceres
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Vélez
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Mathematics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sanz
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Mathematics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Silvan
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Illera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Amenu K, Agga GE, Kumbe A, Shibiru A, Desta H, Tiki W, Dego OK, Wieland B, Grace D, Alonso S. MILK Symposium review: Community-tailored training to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women regarding hygienic milk production and handling in Borana pastoral area of southern Ethiopia. J Dairy Sci 2021; 103:9748-9757. [PMID: 33076186 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Milk and milk products are essential in the diets of the Borana pastoral community in Ethiopia. Traditional handling and processing of dairy products using basic equipment and infrastructure coupled with a preference for raw milk consumption pose potential health risks to consumers. We tested the effect of an intervention designed to improve the hygienic handling and safe consumption of milk on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of women who produce and sell dairy products. The intervention consisted of 16 h of training on good milk production practices and prevention of milk-borne diseases. A total of 120 women were trained and their KAP assessed at baseline (pretraining), immediately after training, and 6 mo after training. Overall, training increased the knowledge score of the participants from 75.6 to 91.4% in the immediate post-training assessment, and to 90.0% at 6 mo post-training. Compared with pretraining (58.8%), we found a statistically significant difference in the overall attitude score at the immediate post-training evaluation (64.7%) but not 6 mo after (61.4%). We observed a similar increase in the understanding of correct practices from 49.5% at pretraining to 64.7% 6 mo following the training. For some desirable attitudes and practices, the proportion of women reporting adoption at pretraining was low and the change derived from training still left one-third of respondents displaying a negative attitude and a quarter of them reporting wrong practices. We recommend that future training interventions be complemented with locally adaptable technologies, provision of incentives, and creation of an enabling environment including improved access to clean water and sanitation facilities to affect not only knowledge, but also attitudes and ultimately practices in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebede Amenu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Getahun E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Bowling Green, KY 42101
| | - Adem Kumbe
- Yabello Pastoral and Dryland Agriculture Research Centre, Oromia Agriculture Research Institute, P. O. Box 85, Yabello, Ethiopia
| | - Abagena Shibiru
- Elweya Pastoral Development Office, Borana Zone Administration, Oromia Regional State, Elweya, Ethiopia
| | - Hiwot Desta
- International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Waktole Tiki
- Ethiopian Civil Service University (ECSU), P. O. Box 5648, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Barbara Wieland
- International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Silvia Alonso
- International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Rogers S, Lomax N, Alonso S, Hancock T, Khan S, Schürkens J, Kessler E, Eberle B, Ordonez SG, Riesterer O, Fandino J, Bodis S. PO-0857: Leptomeningeal disease following stereotactic radiotherapy for resected brain metastases. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Atherstone C, Mgode GF, Dhand NK, Alonso S, Grace D, Ward MP, Mor SM. Selected Endemic Zoonoses in Pigs Presenting for Slaughter in Kampala, Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:2552-2560. [PMID: 33069266 PMCID: PMC7695076 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis, brucellosis, and Q fever (coxiellosis) are bacterial zoonoses that cause acute febrile illness in people as well as reproductive losses in pigs. Pig keeping is an increasingly important livelihood to millions of smallholder farmers in Uganda because of exponential increases in demand for pork. The prevalence of leptospirosis and Q fever in pigs is unknown, and the few studies of porcine brucellosis have estimated a range of seroprevalence. Therefore, we undertook a prevalence survey of leptospirosis, brucellosis, and Q fever in pigs using quantitative real-time PCR to determine the potential importance of these zoonoses to the growing pig sector in Uganda. Six hundred forty-nine pigs were sampled in 2015–2016 at an urban pork slaughterhouse. Ten percent of pigs (n = 68) had leptospiral DNA in either their kidney or reproductive tissue. In adjusted analyses, variables predictive of leptospiral status included female sex (odds ratio [OR]: 2.37, P < 0.01) and pigs sampled in March 2016 (OR: 2.23, P = 0.02) and October 2016 (OR: 0.30, P = 0.04). DNA fingerprinting revealed circulation of at least four distinct serovars in these pigs. Brucella spp. and Coxiella burnetii DNA were not detected in any sampled pig. This is the first report of widespread circulation of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in pigs in Uganda, suggesting that leptospirosis likely has a greater impact on the health of pigs than was previously recognized. Pig farmers, pig traders, and slaughterhouse workers may be at greatest occupational risk because of their direct contact with infective leptospires in aborted fetuses, bodily fluids, and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Atherstone
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Georgies F Mgode
- Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Navneet K Dhand
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Silvia Alonso
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Delia Grace
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, United Kingdom.,International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Siobhan M Mor
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Atherstone C, Diederich S, Pickering B, Smith G, Casey G, Fischer K, Ward MP, Ndoboli D, Weingartl H, Alonso S, Dhand N, Roesel K, Grace D, Mor SM. Investigation of Ebolavirus exposure in pigs presented for slaughter in Uganda. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1521-1530. [PMID: 32915496 PMCID: PMC8247040 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2008, an outbreak of Reston ebolavirus (RESTV) in pigs in the Philippines expanded our understanding of the host range of ebolaviruses. Subsequent experimental infections with the human‐pathogenic species Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) confirmed that pigs are susceptible to African species of ebolaviruses. Pig keeping has become an increasingly important livelihood strategy throughout parts of sub‐Saharan Africa, driven by increasing demand for pork. The growth in pig keeping is particularly rapid in Uganda, which has the highest per capita pork consumption in East Africa and a history of sporadic human outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Using a systematic sampling protocol, we collected sera from 658 pigs presented for slaughter in Uganda between December 2015 and October 2016. Forty‐six pigs (7%) were seropositive based on ELISA tests at two different institutions. Seropositive pigs had antibodies that bound to Sudan NP (n = 27), Zaire NP (Kikwit; n = 8) or both NPs (n = 11). Sera from 4 of the ELISA‐positive pigs reacted in Western blot (EBOV NP = 1; RESTV NP = 2; both NPs = 2), and one sample had full neutralizing antibody against Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) in virus neutralization tests. Pigs sampled in June 2016 were significantly more likely to be seropositive than pigs sampled in October 2016 (p = .03). Seropositive pigs were sourced from all regions except Western region. These observed temporal and spatial variations are suggestive of multiple introductions of ebolaviruses into the pig population in Uganda. This is the first report of exposure of pigs in Uganda to ebolaviruses and the first to employ systematic abattoir sampling for ebolavirus surveillance during a non‐outbreak period. Future studies will be necessary to further define the role pigs play (if any) in ebolavirus maintenance and transmission so that potential risks can be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Atherstone
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sandra Diederich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald -Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Bradley Pickering
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Greg Smith
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Graham Casey
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald -Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Michael P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dickson Ndoboli
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hana Weingartl
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Silvia Alonso
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Navneet Dhand
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristina Roesel
- International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda.,Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Siobhan M Mor
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Boutry E, Bertrand MM, Ripoche J, Alonso S, Bastide S, Prudhomme M. Quality of life in colostomy patients practicing colonic irrigation: An observational study. J Visc Surg 2020; 158:4-10. [PMID: 32782085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY The presence of colostomy has a major impact on quality of life that could potentially be improved by performing colonic irrigation (CI), yet few studies have assessed the impact of this technique on quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life between two groups of patients having a colostomy; those practicing CI vs those not practicing CI. PATIENTS AND METHODS The French Federation of Ostomy (FFO) members were evaluated by a self-questionnaire assessing their experience of CI. Quality of life as assessed by the Stoma-QOL questionnaire was compared between patients practicing CI or not. RESULTS In total 752 patients were eligible for the study. The median age was 75 years, and 47.26% were men. The median duration between stoma surgery and questionnaire completion was 12.3 years. Forty-one percent of the patients practiced CI. The median quality of life score was significantly higher for the patients practicing the CI: (69.26 vs 58.33, P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, the risk factors for not performing CI were age, obesity, the presence of colostomy for less than six years, and a non-oncologic indication for operation. CONCLUSIONS CI appeared to improve the quality of life of patients with colostomy. This care is a therapeutic education issue and should be proposed to all patients. Supervision by the enterostomal therapy nurse is recommended especially for patients with a high risk of failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boutry
- Department of Digestive Cancer and Surgery Nîmes University Hospital, CHU de Nîmes, place du Professeur-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 09, France
| | - M M Bertrand
- Department of Digestive Cancer and Surgery Nîmes University Hospital, CHU de Nîmes, place du Professeur-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 09, France
| | - J Ripoche
- Department of Digestive Cancer and Surgery Nîmes University Hospital, CHU de Nîmes, place du Professeur-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 09, France
| | - S Alonso
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - S Bastide
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Nîmes University Hospital, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - M Prudhomme
- Department of Digestive Cancer and Surgery Nîmes University Hospital, CHU de Nîmes, place du Professeur-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 09, France.
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- Nîmes University Hospital, 30029 Nîmes, France
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Morató O, Alonso S, López S, Rodriguez E, Pascual M, Jiménez M, Salvans S, Pera M. Use of keystone advance flap for pilonidal disease - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:969-970. [PMID: 32064720 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Morató
- Unit of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Alonso
- Unit of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S López
- Department of Plastic Surgery. Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Rodriguez
- Department of Plastic Surgery. Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pascual
- Unit of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Jiménez
- Unit of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Salvans
- Unit of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pera
- Unit of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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33
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Kadner G, Valerio M, Giannakis I, Arya M, Lumen N, Ho B, Alonso S, Schulman C, Barber N, Amparore D, Porpigila F. Second generation of temporary implantable nitinol device (iTind) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS): Who profit most from treatment? 2 year results of the MT-02-study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)32815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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González-Fortes G, Tassi F, Trucchi E, Henneberger K, Paijmans JLA, Díez-Del-Molino D, Schroeder H, Susca RR, Barroso-Ruíz C, Bermudez FJ, Barroso-Medina C, Bettencourt AMS, Sampaio HA, Grandal-d'Anglade A, Salas A, de Lombera-Hermida A, Fabregas Valcarce R, Vaquero M, Alonso S, Lozano M, Rodríguez-Alvarez XP, Fernández-Rodríguez C, Manica A, Hofreiter M, Barbujani G. A western route of prehistoric human migration from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20182288. [PMID: 30963949 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Being at the western fringe of Europe, Iberia had a peculiar prehistory and a complex pattern of Neolithization. A few studies, all based on modern populations, reported the presence of DNA of likely African origin in this region, generally concluding it was the result of recent gene flow, probably during the Islamic period. Here, we provide evidence of much older gene flow from Africa to Iberia by sequencing whole genomes from four human remains from northern Portugal and southern Spain dated around 4000 years BP (from the Middle Neolithic to the Bronze Age). We found one of them to carry an unequivocal sub-Saharan mitogenome of most probably West or West-Central African origin, to our knowledge never reported before in prehistoric remains outside Africa. Our analyses of ancient nuclear genomes show small but significant levels of sub-Saharan African affinity in several ancient Iberian samples, which indicates that what we detected was not an occasional individual phenomenon, but an admixture event recognizable at the population level. We interpret this result as evidence of an early migration process from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula through a western route, possibly across the Strait of Gibraltar.
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Affiliation(s)
- G González-Fortes
- 1 Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - F Tassi
- 1 Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - E Trucchi
- 1 Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - K Henneberger
- 2 Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam , 14476 Potsdam OT Golm , Germany
| | - J L A Paijmans
- 2 Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam , 14476 Potsdam OT Golm , Germany
| | - D Díez-Del-Molino
- 3 Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History , 104 05 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - H Schroeder
- 4 Section for Evolutionary Genomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen , 1353 Copenhagen K , Denmark
| | - R R Susca
- 1 Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - C Barroso-Ruíz
- 5 Fundación Instituto de Investigación de Prehistoria y Evolución Humana (FIPEH) , 14900 Lucena, Córdoba , Spain
| | - F J Bermudez
- 5 Fundación Instituto de Investigación de Prehistoria y Evolución Humana (FIPEH) , 14900 Lucena, Córdoba , Spain
| | - C Barroso-Medina
- 5 Fundación Instituto de Investigación de Prehistoria y Evolución Humana (FIPEH) , 14900 Lucena, Córdoba , Spain
| | - A M S Bettencourt
- 6 Landscape, Heritage and Territory Laboratory-Lab2PT, Department of History, University of Minho , 4700-057 Braga , Portugal
| | - H A Sampaio
- 7 Landscape, Heritage and Territory Laboratory-Lab2PT, Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave , Barcelos , Portugal
| | - A Grandal-d'Anglade
- 8 Universitary Institute of Geology, University of Coruña , A Coruña 15081 , Spain
| | - A Salas
- 9 Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB (IDIS-SERGAS) , Galicia , Spain
| | - A de Lombera-Hermida
- 10 Department of History GEPN-AAT, University of Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - R Fabregas Valcarce
- 10 Department of History GEPN-AAT, University of Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - M Vaquero
- 11 Department of History and History of Art, Rovira i Virgili University , 43002 Tarragona , Spain.,12 Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES) , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - S Alonso
- 11 Department of History and History of Art, Rovira i Virgili University , 43002 Tarragona , Spain.,12 Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES) , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - M Lozano
- 11 Department of History and History of Art, Rovira i Virgili University , 43002 Tarragona , Spain.,12 Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES) , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - X P Rodríguez-Alvarez
- 11 Department of History and History of Art, Rovira i Virgili University , 43002 Tarragona , Spain.,12 Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES) , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | | | - A Manica
- 14 Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 3EJ , UK
| | - M Hofreiter
- 2 Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam , 14476 Potsdam OT Golm , Germany
| | - G Barbujani
- 1 Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
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Trujillo A, Evans-Agnew R, Tinajera M, Alonso S, Postma JM. Measuring Our Success in Teaching Latinos about Asthma and Home Environments: Lessons Learned from an Intervention Developed through Photovoice. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2020; 14:381-392. [PMID: 33416613 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2020.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood asthma management is an environmental justice concern for immigrant Latino parents. Photovoice methods have empowered our community-based participatory research (CBPR) team of Latino parents of children with asthma to investigate and educate others about indoor environmental threats in our community. METHODS Data collection and management in evaluating interventions in such settings is under-described in the literature. We developed a culturally tailored educational intervention, guided by social cognitive theory, using photographs from our archive. We pilot tested this intervention with a convenience sample of Latino parents (n = 19) attending an English language literacy class. We designed and implemented a pre- and post-evaluation survey on self-efficacy and knowledge and collected observational notes. However, we found that the responses to the knowledge questions were of limited value. LESSONS LEARNED We describe the lessons we learned regarding data collection, management and evaluation. CONCLUSIONS We provide suggestions for improving survey design and data management for culturally tailored educational interventions.
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Nthiwa D, Alonso S, Odongo D, Kenya E, Bett B. Zoonotic Pathogen Seroprevalence in Cattle in a Wildlife-Livestock Interface, Kenya. Ecohealth 2019; 16:712-725. [PMID: 31728795 PMCID: PMC6910896 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. and risk factors of exposure in cattle in three zones with varying land use types and wildlife-livestock interactions. Five villages were selected purposively; two in areas with intensive livestock-wildlife interactions (zone 1), another two in areas with moderate livestock-wildlife interactions (zone 2) and one in areas where wildlife-livestock interactions are rarer (zone 3). Sera samples were collected from 1170 cattle belonging to 390 herds in all the zones and tested for antibodies against Brucella abortus and Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo using ELISA kits. Data on putative risk factors for seropositivity of these pathogens in cattle were collected using a questionnaire. The overall apparent animal-level seroprevalence of brucellosis and leptospirosis was, respectively, 36.9% (95% CI 34.1-39.8) and 23.5% (95% CI 21.1-26.0). Brucella spp. seroprevalence was higher in zone 1 than in zones 2 and 3 (χ2 = 25.1, df = 2, P < 0.001). Zones 1 and 2 had significantly higher Leptospira spp. seroprevalence than zone 3 (χ2 = 7.0, df = 2, P = 0.029). Results of multivariable analyses identified animal sex (female) and zones (high interface area) as significant predictors (P < 0.05) of animal-level seropositivity of Brucella spp. For Leptospira spp., important predictors of animal-level seropositivity were animal sex (female), zones (moderate interface area) and herds utilizing a communal grazing reserve. The seroprevalences of Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. in cattle were higher in areas with moderate to high wildlife-livestock interactions than those with rare interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nthiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, P.O BOX 6, Embu, 60100, Kenya.
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O BOX 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
| | - Silvia Alonso
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O BOX 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - David Odongo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O BOX 30197, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Eucharia Kenya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, P.O BOX 6, Embu, 60100, Kenya
| | - Bernard Bett
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O BOX 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
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MacDonald SJ, Anderson S, Brereton P, Wood R, Damant A, Aletrari M, Alonso S, Burdaspal P, Darroch J, Donnelly C, Durand T, Felguerias I, French R, Griffin J, Heide C, Herry M, Hollywood F, Howe A, Ioannou-Kakouri E, Johnson T, Kernaghan I, Krska R, Nisbet J, Pettersson H, Procter J, Rawcliffe P, Smith A, Smith W, Stangroom S, Stevens C, Swanson W, Sweet P, Thomas M, Waller J, Welsh P. Determination of Zearalenone in Barley, Maize and Wheat Flour, Polenta, and Maize-Based Baby Food by Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup with Liquid Chromatography: Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/88.6.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An interlaboratory study was performed on behalf of the UK Food Standards Agency to evaluate the effectiveness of an affinity column cleanup liquid chromatography (LC) method for the determination of zearalenone (ZON) in a variety of cereals and cereal products at proposed European regulatory limits. The test portion is extracted with acetonitrile:water. The sample extract is filtered, diluted, and applied to an affinity column. The column is washed, and ZON is eluted with acetonitrile. ZON is quantified by reversed-phase LC with fluorescence detection. Barley, wheat and maize flours, polenta, and a maize-based baby food naturally contaminated, spiked, and blank (very low level) were sent to 28 collaborators in 9 European countries and 1 collaborator in New Zealand. Participants were asked to spike test portions of all samples at a ZON concentration equivalent to 100 μg/kg. Average recoveries ranged from 91–111%. Based on results for 4 artificially contaminated samples (blind duplicates) and 1 naturally contaminated sample (blind duplicate), the relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 6.9–35.8%, and the relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 16.4–38.2%. The method showed acceptable within- and between-laboratory precision for all 5 matrixes, as evidenced by HorRat values <1.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J MacDonald
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sharron Anderson
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brereton
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Wood
- Food Standards Agency, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6NH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Damant
- Food Standards Agency, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6NH, United Kingdom
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38
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Alder L, Startin JR, Alonso S, Anspach T, Brewin S, Broekaert C, Christiansen A, DeKok A, Frase U, Fresvig M, Hemmerling C, Hermansson E, Hiemstra M, Hogendoorn E, Kolb J, Kombal R, Melk C, Polonji B, Quirijns JK, Ross L, Saint-Joly C, Scherbaum E, van Damme D, Welter A, Wüst B. Determination of Chlormequat and Mepiquat in Foods by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry or Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/88.6.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Interlaboratory validation studies have been performed on 2 methods for the determination of chlormequat (CLQ) and mepiquat (MPQ). Both methods used identical extraction procedures and stable isotope internal standardization but differed in the use of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) or LC/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for the determination, the amount of internal standard used, and the expected limit of detection. After addition of deuterated internal standards, CLQ and MPQ were extracted with methanol–water and determined by LC/MS or LC/MS/MS with positive electrospray ionization. Eight European laboratories participated in the LC/MS method study, analyzing mushroom, pear, wheat flour, and fruit puree with residues of CLQ in the range 0.040–1.19 mg/kg and of MPQ in the range 0.041–0.39 mg/kg. For CLQ, the Horwitz ratio (HoRat) values for individual test materials/levels were in the range 0.85–1.13 with amean of 1.00, showing good method performance. For MPQ, the Ho values for mushroom, pear (both levels), and wheat flour were in the range 0.83–0.94, again indicating good method performance. For the determination of MPQ in infant food (fruit puree) at 0.041 mg/kg, the Ho was 1.7 when a value of 0 reported by one participant was excluded. In the LC/MS/MS study, in which 11 laboratories participated, a separate sample set was analyzed with residues of CLQ in the range 0.007–1.03 mg/kg and of MPQ in the range 0.008–0.72 mg/kg. Ho values for CLQ were in the range 0.27–1.36 and for MPQ in the range 0.51–2.10, all corresponding to acceptable method performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Alder
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, D-14191 Berlin, Germany
| | - James R Startin
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
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Herreros Pomares A, Jantus-Lewintre E, Calabuig-Fariñas S, de-Maya-Girones J, Lucas R, Blasco A, Guijarro R, Martorell M, Escorihuela E, Alonso S, Chiara M, Duréndez E, Gandia C, Sirera R, Farràs R, Camps C. Characterization of lung tumourspheres reveals cancer stem-like cells potential targets and prognostic markers in non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz258.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alonso
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Paula Dominguez-Salas
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Delia Grace
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Nthiwa D, Alonso S, Odongo D, Kenya E, Bett B. A participatory epidemiological study of major cattle diseases amongst Maasai pastoralists living in wildlife-livestock interfaces in Maasai Mara, Kenya. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1097-1103. [PMID: 30684224 PMCID: PMC6520318 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-01790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Livestock-wildlife interactions promote the transmission of a wide range of infectious diseases that constraint livestock production. We used a participatory appraisal approach to find out and rank infectious diseases of concern to pastoralists in a zone of intense wildlife-livestock interaction and another zone with limited interactions. Four villages were selected purposively in areas with intensive cattle-wildlife interactions (zone 1), and another two in areas with low to moderate cattle-wildlife interactions (zone 2). Data were collected in focus group discussions (FGDs) using participatory epidemiological methods (PE); each group had 8-13 participants. Results of impact matrix scoring from all sites indicated that malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), anthrax, foot and mouth disease (FMD), contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), east coast fever (ECF) and African animal trypanosomiasis (ATT), in decreasing order, had the highest impact on livestock production. A Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant difference in FMD annual prevalence between cattle age groups (p < 0.001) and was the highest in animals > 4 years (median score of 32.5, range, 10-50). FMD had the highest impact on milk production, but based on veterinary costs (treatment costs), it was ranked second to CBPP. The study provides information on disease priorities that occur in the target zones in Mara ecosystem and which the local pastoralists must consider when accessing key ecosystem services such as water and pasture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nthiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, P. O BOX 6, Embu, 60100, Kenya.
- International Livestock Research Institute, (ILRI), P. O BOX 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
| | - Silvia Alonso
- International Livestock Research Institute, (ILRI), P. O BOX 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - David Odongo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O BOX 30197, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Eucharia Kenya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, P. O BOX 6, Embu, 60100, Kenya
| | - Bernard Bett
- International Livestock Research Institute, (ILRI), P. O BOX 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
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42
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Rogers S, Lomax N, Alonso S, Eberle B, Gomez Ordonez S, Schürkens J, Rabe E, Fandino J, Riesterer O, Lutters G, Bodis S. EP-1223 Clinical experience and outcomes of radiosurgery with a single isocentre for 2-10 brain metastases. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Abstract
Introduction: Foodborne disease is a major public health problem in poor countries, but we lack effective, sustainable and scalable approaches that work in the traditional, informal markets where most fresh, risky food is sold. A promising intervention is working with informal sector vendors to provide: a) training and technologies; b) an enabling environment; c) motivation for behaviour change. Materials and methods: We present a long-term follow-up of pilot project in one of the largest abattoirs and meat markets in Nigeria. An evaluation shortly after implementation found the intervention was acceptable, cost-effective and resulted in safer meat. The follow-up nine years later using mixed methods: qualitative surveys and microbiological tests. Results and Discussion: The policy environment had become disabling, partly as a result of authorities attempts to move butchers to a modern, hygienic but more distant abattoir. This was resisted by the butchers. Authorities revoked the license for Bodija market and stopped providing services. Matters escalated and forceful attempts to remove butchers resulted in deaths followed by riots. Meat safety deteriorated. Conclusion: The case study shows the importance of an enabling environment and need for stakeholder collaboration in attempting to improve food safety in the traditional sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Morenike Dipeolu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Silvia Alonso
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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44
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Atherstone C, Diederich S, Weingartl HM, Fischer K, Balkema-Buschmann A, Grace D, Alonso S, Dhand NK, Ward MP, Mor SM. Evidence of exposure to henipaviruses in domestic pigs in Uganda. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:921-928. [PMID: 30576076 PMCID: PMC6849855 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), belonging to the genus Henipavirus, are among the most pathogenic of viruses in humans. Old World fruit bats (family Pteropodidae) are the natural reservoir hosts. Molecular and serological studies found evidence of henipavirus infection in fruit bats from several African countries. However, little is known about the potential for spillover into domestic animals in East Africa, particularly pigs, which served as amplifying hosts during the first outbreak of NiV in Malaysia and Singapore. We collected sera from 661 pigs presented for slaughter in Uganda between December 2015 and October 2016. Using HeV G and NiV G indirect ELISAs, 14 pigs (2%) were seroreactive in at least one ELISA. Seroprevalence increased to 5.4% in October 2016, when pigs were 9.5 times more likely to be seroreactive than pigs sampled in December 2015 (p = 0.04). Eight of the 14 ELISA‐positive samples reacted with HeV N antigen in Western blot. None of the sera neutralized HeV or NiV in plaque reduction neutralization tests. Although we did not detect neutralizing antibodies, our results suggest that pigs in Uganda are exposed to henipaviruses or henipa‐like viruses. Pigs in this study were sourced from many farms throughout Uganda, suggesting multiple (albeit rare) introductions of henipaviruses into the pig population. We postulate that given the widespread distribution of Old World fruit bats in Africa, spillover of henipaviruses from fruit bats to pigs in Uganda could result in exposure of pigs at multiple locations. A higher risk of a spillover event at the end of the dry season might be explained by higher densities of bats and contact with pigs at this time of the year, exacerbated by nutritional stress in bat populations and their reproductive cycle. Future studies should prioritize determining the risk of spillover of henipaviruses from pigs to people, so that potential risks can be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Atherstone
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sandra Diederich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Hana M Weingartl
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Silvia Alonso
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Navneet K Dhand
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Siobhan M Mor
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Traoré S, Fokou G, Ndour A, Yougbare B, Koné P, Alonso S, Roesel K, Bakou S, Dao D, Grace D, Bonfoh B. Assessing knowledge, beliefs and practices related to the consumption of sheep and goat meat in Senegal. Global Food Security 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Riegman PHJ, Bosch AL, Riegman PHJ, Dinjens WNM, Oomen MHA, Spatz A, Ratcliffe C, Knox K, Mager R, Kerr D, Pezzella F, van Damme B, van de Vijver M, van Boven H, Morente MM, Alonso S, Kerjaschki D, Pammer J, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Bosch AL, Carbone A, Gloghini A, Teodorovic I, Isabelle M, Jaminé D, Passioukov A, Lejeune S, Therasse P, van Veen EB, Lam KH, Oosterhuis JW. OECI TuBaFrost Tumor Biobanking. Tumori 2018; 94:160-3. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OECI TuBaFrost harbors a complete infrastructure for the exchange of frozen tumor samples between European countries. OECI TuBaFrost consists of: • A code of conduct on how to exchange human residual samples in Europe • A central database application accessible over the Internet ( www.tubafrost.org ) where data can be uploaded and searched from samples that can be selected and ordered • Access rules with incentives for collectors • Standardization needed to enable the analysis of high quality samples derived from different centers • Virtual Microscopy to support sample selection with difficult pathology The entire infrastructure was, after completion, which was entirely financed by the European Commission, implemented in the OECI. But so far it has not been used to its capacity. A recent survey held amongst the OECI members shed light on the causes. The main conclusion is that all responders see OECI TuBaFrost as a good platform for exchange of samples, however, the biggest bottleneck found was that potential users are too unfamiliar with the communication between their own biobank tracking system and the TuBaFrost central database application. Therefore, new future plans are drawn. In addition, new infrastructure plans have been developed and the first preparatory steps have been set. For biobanks the BBMRI project has started aiming for Pan-European Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter HJ Riegman
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - MHA Oomen
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Spatz
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - C Ratcliffe
- National Translational Cancer Research Network, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K Knox
- National Translational Cancer Research Network, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R Mager
- National Translational Cancer Research Network, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Kerr
- National Translational Cancer Research Network, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - F. Pezzella
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - H van Boven
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - MM Morente
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Alonso
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Kerjaschki
- Allgemeines Krankenhaus, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - J Pammer
- Allgemeines Krankenhaus, University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - A Carbone
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - A Gloghini
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | | | | | - D Jaminé
- EORTC Data Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - S Lejeune
- EORTC Data Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - KH Lam
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Enström S, Nthiwa D, Bett B, Karlsson A, Alonso S, Lindahl JF. Brucella seroprevalence in cattle near a wildlife reserve in Kenya. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:615. [PMID: 29178956 PMCID: PMC5702115 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brucellosis is caused by bacteria from the genus Brucella which infect human and domestic animals as well as wildlife. The Maasai Mara National Reserve has vast populations of wild ruminants such as buffaloes and wildebeest which could contribute to the risk of brucellosis in livestock, and the surrounding pastoralist communities grazing cattle in and around the reserve may be exposed to a higher risk of zoonotic diseases like brucellosis due to the close contact with livestock. In this study, cattle from three villages at varying distance from the reserve, were screened for antibodies against Brucella abortus. RESULTS In total, 12.44% of 225 sampled animals were seropositive, with more females (15%) infected than males (5%). Seroprevalence was higher in livestock closer to Maasai Mara with the cattle in the village Mara Rianta having an odds ratio of 7.03 compared to Endoinyo Narasha further away (95% CI 1.4-11.1, p = 0.003), suggesting that a closer contact with wildlife may increase the circulation of infectious diseases between livestock and wildlife. Symptoms consistent with brucellosis were reported to occur in both humans and animals, and we thus conclude that brucellosis may be an important problem, both for the health and the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Enström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nthiwa
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
| | - Bernard Bett
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amanda Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silvia Alonso
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Johanna F Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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García O, Ajuriagerra J, Alday A, Alonso S, Pérez J, Soto A, Uriarte I, Yurrebaso I. Frequencies of the precision ID ancestry panel markers in Basques using the Ion Torrent PGM TM platform. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2017; 31:e1-e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bucci P, Prieto MJ, Milla L, Calienni MN, Martinez L, Rivarola V, Alonso S, Montanari J. Skin penetration and UV-damage prevention by nanoberries. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017; 17:889-899. [PMID: 28975707 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanolic extract from blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is rich in anthocyanins and thus exhibits antioxidant activity. On the other hand, ultradeformable liposomes are capable of penetrating to the impermeable barrier of skin. Nanoberries are ultradeformable liposomes carrying blueberry extract. OBJECTIVES In this study, their capacity to penetrate the stratum corneum and photodamage prevention were tested, with the aim of developing a topical formulation for skin protection from environmental damage. METHODS Nanoberries were prepared by lipid film resuspension with ethanolic extract from blueberry, followed by sonication and incorporation to a gel. Size, zeta potential, deformability, rheology, and viscoelasticity were determined. Toxicity was assessed in vivo in zebrafish model, while in vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed on HaCaT and HEK-293T cell lines. Skin penetration was evaluated with the Saarbrücken penetration model followed by tape stripping, cryosection, or optical sectioning. UV-damage protection and photoprotection were determined by ad hoc methods with UVA, UVB, and UVC radiation on HaCaT cells. Wound assay was performed on HaCaT cells. RESULTS Nanoberries of about 100 nm, with differential elastic properties, did penetrate the stratum corneum, with low toxicity. When HaCaT cells were exposed to UV radiation in the presence of nanoberries, their viability was maintained. CONCLUSIONS Nanoberries could be effective to protect the skin from sun photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Bucci
- Laboratory of Biomembranes - GBEyB (IMBICE, CCT-La Plata, CONICET), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Prieto
- Laboratory of Biomembranes - GBEyB (IMBICE, CCT-La Plata, CONICET), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Laura Milla
- Department of Molecular Biology, National University of Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Natalia Calienni
- Laboratory of Biomembranes - GBEyB (IMBICE, CCT-La Plata, CONICET), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Luis Martinez
- Laboratory of Biomembranes - GBEyB (IMBICE, CCT-La Plata, CONICET), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Viviana Rivarola
- Department of Molecular Biology, National University of Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvia Alonso
- Laboratory of Biomembranes - GBEyB (IMBICE, CCT-La Plata, CONICET), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Jorge Montanari
- Laboratory of Biomembranes - GBEyB (IMBICE, CCT-La Plata, CONICET), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
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50
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Hernandez Gonzalez I, Revilla Ostolaza Y, Velazquez M, Perez Nunez M, Alonso S, Alonso G, Morales R, Lopez Gude M, Cortina J, Albarran A, Quezada C, Garcia Aranda B, Perez Vela J, Ochoa N, Escribano Subias P. P2605Can we select the patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension candidates for pulmonary endarterectomy on the basis of multidetector computed tomography angiography only? Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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