101
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Cortez FS, Souza LDS, Guimarães LL, Almeida JE, Pusceddu FH, Maranho LA, Mota LG, Nobre CR, Moreno BB, Abessa DMDS, Cesar A, Santos AR, Pereira CDS. Ecotoxicological effects of losartan on the brown mussel Perna perna and its occurrence in seawater from Santos Bay (Brazil). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:1363-1371. [PMID: 29801229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The antihypertensive losartan (LOS) has been detected in wastewater and environmental matrices, however further studies focused on assessing the ecotoxicological effects on aquatic ecosystems are necessary. Considering the intensive use of this pharmaceutical and its discharges into coastal zones, our study aimed to determine the environmental concentrations of LOS in seawater, as well as to assess the biological effects of LOS on the marine bivalve Perna perna. For this purpose, fertilization rate and embryolarval development were evaluated through standardized assays. Phase I (ethoxyresorufin O‑deethylase EROD and dibenzylfluorescein dealkylase DBF) and II (glutathione S-transferase GST) enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Cholinesterase (ChE), lipoperoxidation (LPO) and DNA damage were used to analyze sublethal responses in gills and digestive gland of adult individuals. Lysosomal membrane stability was also assessed in hemocytes. Our results showed the occurrence of LOS in 100% of the analyzed water samples located in Santos Bay, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in a range of 0.2 ng/L-8.7 ng/L. Effects on reproductive endpoints were observed after short-term exposure to concentrations up to 75 mg/L. Biomarker responses demonstrated the induction of CYP450 like activity and GST in mussel gills exposed to 300 and 3000 ng/L of LOS, respectively. GPx activity was also increased in concentration of exposure to 3000 ng/L of LOS. Cyto-genotoxic effects were found in gills and hemocytes exposed in concentrations up to 300 ng/L. These results highlighted the concern of introducing this class of contaminants into marine environments, and pointed out the need to include antihypertensive compounds in environmental monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sanzi Cortez
- Unisanta - Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brazil; Unesp - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Unisanta - Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brazil; Unesp - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Rodrigues Nobre
- Unesp - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Augusto Cesar
- Unisanta - Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brazil; Unifesp - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Unisanta - Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brazil; Unifesp - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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102
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Bonnefille B, Gomez E, Courant F, Escande A, Fenet H. Diclofenac in the marine environment: A review of its occurrence and effects. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:496-506. [PMID: 29886975 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the presence and effects of diclofenac (DCF) and other pharmaceutical products (PPs) in the aquatic environment has been growing over the last 20 years. DCF has been included in the First Watch List of the EU Water Framework Directive in order to gather monitoring data in surface waters. Despite PP input in water bodies, few studies have been conducted to determine the extent of DCF occurrence and effects on marine ecosystems, which is usually the final recipient of surface waters. The present article reviews available published data on DCF occurrence in marine water, sediment and organisms, and its effects on marine organisms. The findings highlight the scarcity of available data on the occurrence and effects of DCF in marine ecosystems, and the need for further data acquisition to assess the risks associated with the presence of this compound in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénilde Bonnefille
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Gomez
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Courant
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Aurélie Escande
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fenet
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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103
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Fontes MK, Gusso-Choueri PK, Maranho LA, Abessa DMDS, Mazur WA, de Campos BG, Guimarães LL, de Toledo MS, Lebre D, Marques JR, Felicio AA, Cesar A, Almeida EA, Pereira CDS. A tiered approach to assess effects of diclofenac on the brown mussel Perna perna: A contribution to characterize the hazard. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 132:361-370. [PMID: 29353198 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical discharges into the aquatic ecosystem are of environmental concern and sewage treatment plants (STPs) have been pointed out as the major source of these compounds to coastal zones, where oceanic disposal of sewage occurs through submarine outfalls. Diclofenac (DCF) is one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in water, but little is known about the effects on marine organisms. In this study, we employed a tiered approach involving the determination of environmental concentrations of DCF in marine water and the adverse biological effects for fertilization, embryo-larval development and biomarker responses of the mussel Perna perna. Results indicate that effects in fertilization rate and embryo-larval development were found in the order of mg·L-1. However, low concentrations of DCF (ng·L-1) significantly decreased the lysosomal membrane stability and COX activity, as well as triggered DNA damage, oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant defenses. Our results point to an environmental hazard at coastal ecosystems and suggest the need for improvements in the treatment of domestic wastewater aiming to reduce DCF concentrations, as well as regulation on current environmental legislation and monitoring of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayana Karoline Fontes
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo, 168, 11030-100 Santos, Brazil; Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Paloma Kachel Gusso-Choueri
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo, 168, 11030-100 Santos, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Wesley Almeida Mazur
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 04023-901 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Galvão de Campos
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Luciana Lopes Guimarães
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 04023-901 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Sergio de Toledo
- Departamento de Bioquímica da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 04023-901 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Lebre
- CEMSA - Centro de Espectrometria de Massas Aplicada, CIETEC/IPEN, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Salas 112 e 113, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joyce Rodrigues Marques
- CEMSA - Centro de Espectrometria de Massas Aplicada, CIETEC/IPEN, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Salas 112 e 113, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia Arantes Felicio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Campus São José do Rio Preto, Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cesar
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo, 168, 11030-100 Santos, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves Almeida
- Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga 498, Itoupava Seca, 89030-103 Blumenau, Brazil
| | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Maria Máximo, 168, 11030-100 Santos, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil.
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104
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Dos Santos DM, Buruaem L, Gonçalves RM, Williams M, Abessa DMS, Kookana R, de Marchi MRR. Multiresidue determination and predicted risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern in marine sediments from the vicinities of submarine sewage outfalls. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:299-307. [PMID: 29680552 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Submarine sewage outfalls (SSOs) are considered the main input source of contaminants of emerging concern continuously released in coastal areas, with the potential to cause adverse effects for aquatic organisms. This work presents the investigation of nine endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and 26 pharmaceutically active chemicals (PhACs) in marine sediments within the vicinities of 7 SSOs along the São Paulo State Coast (Brazil). Method optimization for the multi-residue determination by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS using QuEChERS extraction/clean-up are discussed. Results demonstrate the occurrence of EDCs in concentrations ranging from less than method quantification limits (MQL) to 72.5 ng g-1 in sediments. All PhACs were <MQLs. Nonylphenol was the most ubiquitous compound and the diversity of EDCs increased with an increase in populations serviced by SSOs. The predicted environmental risk assessment considering measured environmental concentrations and ecotoxicity endpoints from literature suggest a high-risk potential in some of the investigated SSOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana M Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista- UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; Chemistry Department, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Buruaem
- Biosciences Institute, Univ. Estadual Paulista- UNESP, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato M Gonçalves
- Institute of Chemistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista- UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mike Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- Biosciences Institute, Univ. Estadual Paulista- UNESP, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rai Kookana
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mary Rosa R de Marchi
- Institute of Chemistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista- UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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105
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Dafouz R, Cáceres N, Rodríguez-Gil JL, Mastroianni N, López de Alda M, Barceló D, de Miguel ÁG, Valcárcel Y. Does the presence of caffeine in the marine environment represent an environmental risk? A regional and global study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:632-642. [PMID: 28992490 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is an emerging contaminant considered to be an indicator of human contamination that has been widely detected in various aquatic systems, especially in continental waters. Nevertheless, the extent of its possible environmental impact is yet to be determined. This study determined the presence of caffeine, and evaluated the environmental hazard posed by this substance, in the "Rías Gallegas", a series of costal inlets in north-west Spain which are of great ecological value and in which fishing and bivalve farming, are a significant source of income. Caffeine was found to be present at concentrations higher than the limit of quantification (LOQ=3.07ngL-1) in 15 of the 23 samples analysed, with the highest seawater concentration being 857ngL-1 (the highest measured in seawater in Spain). Six out of 22 seawater samples resulted in a hazard quotient (HQ) from chronic exposure higher than 1 with the highest being 17.14, indicating a high probability of adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Environmental Exposure Distributions (EEDs) generated from a literature review of caffeine levels reported previously in four out of the five continents, showed that 28% of all seawater samples, and 69% of all estuary water samples where caffeine has ever been measured resulted in HQ>1 for chronic exposure. Further studies into the potential adverse effects that may arise from exposure to caffeine in aquatic systems are still required. Indeed, the need to gain a more in-depth understanding of the long-term ecotoxicological effects of caffeine is essential to ensure the quality of our health and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Dafouz
- School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering (ETSIAAB), Polytechnic University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Neus Cáceres
- Seguridad y Bienestar Animal, S.L., Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Nicola Mastroianni
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil de Miguel
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nursery and Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Valcárcel
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nursery and Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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106
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da Silva EB, da Silva Corrêa SA, de Souza Abessa DM, da Silva BFX, Rivero DHRF, Seriani R. Mucociliary transport, differential white blood cells, and cyto-genotoxicity in peripheral erythrocytes in fish from a polluted urban pond. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2683-2690. [PMID: 29134526 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the water quality of a polluted pond through the analysis of in vitro mucociliary transport, hematological parameters, and biomarkers of cyto-genotoxicity in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Blood and mucus samples were collected from ten specimens from the polluted pond and from ten specimens from a control area. The fish were anesthetized with 3% benzocaine, mucus was collected directly from the gills, and blood was drawn from the caudal artery. Blood smears were stained using the May-Grünwald Giemsa process for the differential leukocyte counts and to determine the frequency of leukocytes, thrombocytes, erythroblasts, micronuclei, and nuclear abnormalities. The results revealed low transportability in vitro, a high percentage of monocytes and eosinophils, and increased frequency of leukocytes and nuclear abnormalities in fish from the polluted pond. However, the frequency of thrombocytes and erythroblasts and the percentage of lymphocytes and neutrophils were significantly lower. It is possible to conclude that changes in fish are due to poor water quality and that these non-destructive biomarkers can be used for the biomonitoring of aquatic environments vulnerable to contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Bezerra da Silva
- Pós-Graduacão em Ecogestão, Campus Paraíso, Universidade Paulista-UNIP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Olavo Fontoura, Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Campus do Litoral Paulista-Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Vicente, Brazil
| | | | - Dolores Helena Rodriguez Ferreira Rivero
- Faculdade das Américas-FAM, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Investigação Médica LIM05, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson Seriani
- Faculdade das Américas-FAM, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Investigação Médica LIM05, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 1°andar, sala 1150, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil.
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107
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Portinho R, Zanella O, Féris LA. Grape stalk application for caffeine removal through adsorption. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 202:178-187. [PMID: 28735203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Concern over emerging pollutants presence in water resources is growing, justifying the search for alternative or additional techniques to those applied in conventional water treatment processes. Use of adsorption with agricultural wastes directly as adsorbents or as precursors for activated carbon synthesis is a viable method, combining removal efficiency, low cost and biodegradability of the material applied. This study investigated the employability of grape stalk, a waste from grape industrialization process without effective use, in caffeine removal from aqueous solution. Grape stalk was used in three different forms: raw with only grain size adjustment (GS), modified by phosphoric acid action (MGS) and as activated carbon (GSAC). In the first two cases parameters pH, residence time and adsorbent concentration were varied in order to find optimum batch process conditions. For GSAC, on the other hand, caffeine removal percentages were high even for the least amount of adsorbent that could be measured with acceptable accuracy, which did not justify concentration parameter variation. Better adsorption capacities were observed in acidic solutions, with optimum pH values being considered as 2.0 for GS and MGS and 4.0 for GSAC. Optimum residence time and adsorbent concentration were 40 min and 25 g L-1 (GS), 30 min and 15 g L-1 (MGS) and 30 min (GSAC). Moreover, equilibrium was evaluated through adsorption isotherms construction, which were best represented by Sips model, displaying determination coefficients R2 equal to 0.994, 0.999 and 0.987 and maximum adsorption capacities equal to 89.2, 129.6 and 916.7 mg g-1. Adsorbents particular characteristics such as specific surface areas and micropore volumes were also determined, resulting in 6.23, 4.21 and 1099.86 m2 g-1 and 0.003, 0.002 and 0.568 cm3 g-1 for GS, MGS and GSAC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Portinho
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Separation and Unity Operation (LASOP), R. Eng. Luis Englert, s/n. Campus Central, CEP: 90040-040, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Odivan Zanella
- Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratory of Separation Process, Rodovia RS 135, Km 25, CEP: 99170-000, Distrito Eng. Luiz Englert, Sertão, RS, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Amaral Féris
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Separation and Unity Operation (LASOP), R. Eng. Luis Englert, s/n. Campus Central, CEP: 90040-040, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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108
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de Almeida Duarte LF, de Souza CA, Pereira CDS, Pinheiro MAA. Metal toxicity assessment by sentinel species of mangroves: In situ case study integrating chemical and biomarkers analyses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:367-376. [PMID: 28759766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, there is a lack of knowledge about tropical ecotoxicology dealing with the potential impact of metal contamination in mangrove ecosystem. This habitat is considered a nursery for several animal species, among them the "uçá"-crab (Ucides cordatus), known as a key species due to its biological and economical importance. This study evaluated the association involving metal contamination (Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Mn and Hg) in water, sediment, red-mangrove vegetation (Rhizophora mangle) and tissues of uçá crab, together with its geno-cytotoxic responses, based on micronucleated hemocytes frequency and the retention time of neutral red in lysosomes. We assessed six mangrove areas with distinct pollution levels in São Paulo State, Brazil, where the water and sediment contamination by metals were associated with accumulation of these pollutants in biotic compartments (mangrove leaves and crab). In U. cordatus, metal accumulation was best explained by metal concentration found in leaves of R. mangle than in the water or sediment, indicating that feeding drives metal exposure in this organism. Mercury (Hg) concentration in sediment, copper (Cu) concentration in hepatopancreas of U. cordatus and lead (Pb) in water and green leaves of R. mangle showed a significant correlation with genotoxic impact in U. cordatus. However, copper concentration (in green/senescent leaves and hepatopancreas) and lead (in sediment), were the major metals affecting lysosomal membrane integrity. Therefore, representatives of all compartments were associated with cyto and genotoxicity in this species, thus requiring a holistic approach to issues related to sublethal damage. Probability estimates of cytogenetic impacts related to metal concentration in abiotic compartments (significantly correlated with known biomarkers: Hg in sediment; and Pb in water and sediment) are also presented. Our results highlight the need for environmental restoration of mangroves areas contaminated with metals, responsible for cytogenetic injuries and revealing a pre-pathological condition in this sentinel species, in addition to ecological disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe de Almeida Duarte
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP), Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos / Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Araújo de Souza
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP), Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos / Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- UNIFESP - Univ Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Campus Baixada Santista, Avenida Almirante Saldanha da Gama 89, Ponta da Praia, 11030400 Santos, SP, Brazil; UNISANTA, Universidade Santa Cecília, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Rua Oswado Cruz 266, 11045-900 Santos, SP, Brazil..
| | - Marcelo Antonio Amaro Pinheiro
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Campus do Litoral Paulista (CLP), Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos / Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia de Crustáceos (CRUSTA), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
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109
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Kim W, Lee Y, Kim SD. Developing and applying a site-specific multimedia fate model to address ecological risk of oxytetracycline discharged with aquaculture effluent in coastal waters off Jangheung, Korea. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:221-226. [PMID: 28738205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of oxytetracycline (OTC) in aquaculture has become a problem because of its chronic toxic effects on marine ecosystems. The present study assessed the ecological risk of OTC in the coastal waters near the Jangheung Flatfish Farm using a site-specific multimedia fate model to analyze exposure. Before the model was applied, its performance was validated by comparing it with field data. The coastal waters in the testbed were sampled and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The concentrations of OTC measured varied from 7.05 to 95.39ng/L. The results of validating the models showed that the site-specific multimedia fate model performed better (root mean square error (RMSE): 24.217, index of agreement (IOA): 0.739) than conventional fugacity approaches. This result demonstrated the utility of this model in supporting effective future management of aquaculture effluent. The results of probabilistic risk assessment indicated that OTC from aquaculture effluent did not cause adverse effects, even in a maximum-use scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojung Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Yunho Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Sang Don Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, South Korea; Center for Chemicals Risk Assessment, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.
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110
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Maranho LA, Fontes MK, Kamimura ASS, Nobre CR, Moreno BB, Pusceddu FH, Cortez FS, Lebre DT, Marques JR, Abessa DMS, Ribeiro DA, Pereira CDS. Exposure to crack cocaine causes adverse effects on marine mussels Perna perna. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:410-414. [PMID: 28844457 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate crack cocaine effects in different life stages of the marine mussel Perna perna. For this purpose, fertilization rate, embryo-larval development, lysosomal membrane stability and DNA strand breaks were assessed. Effect concentrations in gametes and in larval development were found after 1h (IC50=23.53mg·L-1) and 48h (IC50=16.31mg·L-1), respectively. The highest tested concentration showing no acute toxicity (NOEC) was 10mg·L-1, while the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 20mg·L-1. NOEC concerning embryo-larval development was 0.625mg·L-1, while the LOEC was 1.25mg·L-1. Cyto-genotoxic effects were evidenced in mussels exposed to crack cocaine concentrations ranging from 5 to 500μg·L-1. Our results report the first data on effects of an illicit drug to marine organisms and should encourage further ecotoxicological studies of these contaminants of emerging concern in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Maranho
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-102 Santos, Brazil
| | - M K Fontes
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-102 Santos, Brazil
| | - A S S Kamimura
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil
| | - C R Nobre
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil
| | - B B Moreno
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-102 Santos, Brazil
| | - F H Pusceddu
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil
| | - F S Cortez
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil
| | - D T Lebre
- CEMSA - Centro de Espectrometria de Massas Aplicada, CIETEC/IPEN, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Salas 112 e 113, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J R Marques
- CEMSA - Centro de Espectrometria de Massas Aplicada, CIETEC/IPEN, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Salas 112 e 113, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D M S Abessa
- Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, Brazil
| | - D A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Ana Costa 95, 11060-001 Santos, Brazil
| | - C D S Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-102 Santos, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 266, 11045-907 Santos, Brazil.
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111
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He BS, Wang J, Liu J, Hu XM. Eco-pharmacovigilance of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Necessity and opportunities. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:178-189. [PMID: 28437743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Eco-pharmacovigilance (EPV) is a practical and powerful approach to minimize the potential risks posed by pharmaceutical residues in environment. However, it is impracticable to practise rigorous and unitary EPV process for all the existing and new pharmaceuticals. Here, we focused on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and discussed the necessity and potential opportunities of practising EPV of NSAIDs. We found that the consumption of NSAIDs is huge and ubiquitous across the globe. NSAIDs were worldwidely reported as one of the most dominant and frequently detected groups in environmental matrices including wastewater, surface water, suspended solids, sediments, groundwater, even drinking water. Besides, there is definitive evidence for the adverse impacts of NSAID residues on scavenging birds and aquatic species. These data suggested the necessity of implementing EPV of NSAIDs. From the perspective of drug administration, we identified some things that can be done as management practice options for EPV implementation on NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Shu He
- Hubei Woman and Child Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xia-Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
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112
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Paíga P, Delerue-Matos C. Anthropogenic contamination of Portuguese coastal waters during the bathing season: Assessment using caffeine as a chemical marker. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 120:355-363. [PMID: 28526198 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bathing water quality standards are based on international standards and legislations. However, in Europe, only the microbiological parameters are to be accomplished. Recent research has focused on chemical indicators that can determine human fecal contaminants in water. Therefore, the suitability of caffeine as a chemical marker of seawater pollution in the north Portuguese coastal area in the Atlantic Ocean during the bathing season was assessed in this study. The quality of water from the coasts of five cities was monitored. 101 seawater samples were collected from 14 beaches, and their water quality was classified as sufficient, good, and excellent. Caffeine was detected in all samples in concentration range of 18 to 525ng/L. The highest average concentration of caffeine was found in seawater samples collected in July from beaches classified as having sufficient water quality, which were located in cities with high population density and high tourist affluence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Paíga
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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113
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Ferraz MA, Alves AV, de Cássia Muniz C, Pusceddu FH, Gusso-Choueri PK, Santos AR, Choueri RB. Sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE phases I and II) based on microscale bioassays for diagnosing causes of toxicity in coastal areas affected by domestic sewage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1820-1832. [PMID: 28401990 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Domestic sewage is a major problem in highly urbanized coastal areas worldwide. In the present study, toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) phases I and II were applied to sediment interstitial water from 2 locations along the São Paulo coast in southeastern Brazil: the sewage outfalls from the city of Santos, a densely urbanized area, and the city of Bertioga, a less urbanized area. An adapted microscale sea urchin embryo-larval development bioassay was employed. Phase TIE-I manipulations were 1) ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) addition, 2) aeration at modified pH, 3) C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE), and 4) addition of Na2 S2 O3 . The results of the Santos TIE-I indicated toxicity by sulfides and substances with affinity to C18 resin. In Bertioga, toxicity was the result of NH3 , metals, and arsenic, as well as substances with affinity to C18 resin. Phase TIE-II aimed to specify the causes of toxicity by testing the toxicity of eluates of the sublation and C18 SPE manipulation. The results reinforced the role of both surfactants and nonpolar compounds as causative agents of toxicity in both Santos and Bertioga. Chemical analyses of sediment interstitial water or whole sediment ruled out the influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the toxicity of both sampling sites. Other hydrophobic substances may play a role in the toxicity of Santos and Bertioga effluents. Efforts to remove such substances from sanitary effluents must be prioritized. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1820-1832. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Vecchio Alves
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Integrated Environmental Analysis, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paloma Kachel Gusso-Choueri
- Cellular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratory for the Study of Aquatic Pollution and Ecotoxicology (NEPEA), São Paulo State University, São Vicente Campus (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo Ramos Santos
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Graduate Program in Integrated Environmental Analysis, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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114
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Martins AF, Dos Santos JB, Todeschini BH, Saldanha LF, da Silva DS, Reichert JF, Souza DM. Occurrence of cocaine and metabolites in hospital effluent - A risk evaluation and development of a HPLC method using DLLME. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 170:176-182. [PMID: 27988453 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A fast method for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites in hospital effluent samples was worked out by using liquid chromatography with the aid of fluorescence and diode array detection. Solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid -liquid microextraction were employed during the sample preparation stage. The experiment was conducted by using Chromabond® C18 ec 6 ml/500 mg cartridges, with recoveries higher than 96.6%, 88.3%, 78.7%, and LOQm 0.15; 0.18 and 0.30 μg L-1 for cocaine, benzoylecgonine and anhydroecgonine respectively. In the case of DLLME, different chemical conditions and solvent combinations were tested to find the best settings for the microextraction: pH 9; addition of 0.3 mol L-1 NaCl; 150 μL extractor (chloroform) and 350 μL disperser (methanol). The recoveries for cocaine were as high as 98.3% with LOQm 0.3 μg L-1. After validation, these methods were applied to quantification of the analytes. While the concentration of the anhydroecgonine, (the main pyrolytic metabolite of cocaine), remained below the limit of detection, the range of concentrations of cocaine and benzoylecgonine determined were 0.4-4.9 μg L-1 and 0.9-8.6 μg L-1, respectively. The occurrence has a relatively median/high environmental impact. These concentration values suggest that a role is played by other sources of cocaine, probably related to transport, or handling and the consumption of the drug. The outcome is that cocaine can be quantified by using DLLME as well as SPE, however, DLLME offered clear benefits like simplicity, affordability, and speed, as well as only requiring a small volume of solvents and samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayrton F Martins
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Darliana M Souza
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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115
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Quadra GR, Oliveira de Souza H, Costa RDS, Fernandez MADS. Do pharmaceuticals reach and affect the aquatic ecosystems in Brazil? A critical review of current studies in a developing country. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1200-1218. [PMID: 27734317 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues are not completely removed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) becoming contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Thereby, it is important to investigate their concentrations in the environment and the possible consequences of their occurrence, including for human health. Here, we briefly reviewed the paths of pharmaceuticals to reach the environment, their behavior and fate in the environment, and the possible consequences of their occurrence. Moreover, we synthetized all the studies about the detection of pharmaceuticals in Brazilian water bodies and the available ecotoxicological knowledge on their effects. In this study, when we compare the data found on these compounds worldwide, we observed that Brazilian surface waters present considerable concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol, 17β-estradiol, and caffeine. In general, concentrations found in aquatic systems worldwide seems to be low; however, ecotoxicological tests showed that even these low concentrations can cause sublethal effects in biota. The knowledge about the effects of continuous exposure and mixtures is sparse. In summary, new research is urgently required about the effects of these compounds in biota-including long-term exposition and mixture tests-and on specific technologies to remove these compounds in water bodies and WWTPs, besides the introduction of new policies for pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Rabelo Quadra
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n-Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil.
| | - Helena Oliveira de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Av. Aluizio da Silva Gomes, 50-Novo Cavaleiros, Macaé, RJ, 27930-560, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Dos Santos Costa
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gen. Tavares de Souza s/n°, Campus da Praia Vermelha, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-346, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Dos Santos Fernandez
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Marinha, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524-Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil
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116
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Balducci C, Green DC, Romagnoli P, Perilli M, Johansson C, Panteliadis P, Cecinato A. Cocaine and cannabinoids in the atmosphere of Northern Europe cities, comparison with Southern Europe and wastewater analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 97:187-194. [PMID: 27665117 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the first investigation of atmospheric illicit drug concentrations in Northern Europe using measurements of cocaine and cannabinoids in Amsterdam, London and Stockholm. Further, these measurements were compared to those made in Rome to explore the geographical and inter-city variability. Co-located measurements of atmospheric particulate mass and PAHs were used to help describe and interpret the illicit drug measurements with respect to atmospheric dispersion. Cocaine concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 0.14ng/m3 in Amsterdam, from 0.02 to 0.33ng/m3 in London and were below quantification limit (3pg/m3) in Stockholm. Cannabinol was the only cannabinoid molecule detected in the three cities. During this campaign, London reported the highest concentrations of cocaine and meaningful differences were detected between the urban background and city centre London sites. Mean cocaine concentrations measured in Amsterdam during March 2011 were also compared with those measured simultaneously in eight Italian cities. The cocaine concentration in Amsterdam was comparable to that measured at an urban background in Milan and at a densely populated site in Florence. Although correlating atmospheric concentrations directly with drug prevalence is not possible using current data, links between concentrations of cocaine and estimates of abuse prevalence assessed by the more routinely used wastewater analysis were also examined. A statistically significant correlation was found between the two sets of data (R2=0.66; p=0.00131). Results confirmed that meteorology, population rate and habits of consumption influence the atmospheric concentrations of drugs. If these confounding factors were better controlled for, the techniques described here could became an easy and cost effective tool to index the impact of cocaine abuse in the area; especially where local hot spots need to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Balducci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), Monterotondo, RM, Italy.
| | - David C Green
- MRC PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Romagnoli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Mattia Perilli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Christer Johansson
- Stockholm University, Dept. of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm, Sweden; Environment and Health Administration, City of Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavlos Panteliadis
- Public Health Service (GGD), Dept. of Air Quality Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angelo Cecinato
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), Monterotondo, RM, Italy
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117
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Lonappan L, Brar SK, Das RK, Verma M, Surampalli RY. Diclofenac and its transformation products: Environmental occurrence and toxicity - A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:127-138. [PMID: 27649472 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is a prevalent anti-inflammatory drug used throughout the world. Intensive researches carried out in the past few decades have confirmed the global ubiquity of DCF in various environmental compartments. Its frequent occurrence in freshwater environments and its potential toxicity towards several organisms such as fish and mussels makes DCF an emerging environmental contaminant. At typical detected environmental concentrations, the drug does not exhibit toxic effects towards living organisms, albeit chronic exposure may lead to severe effects. For DCF, about 30-70% removal has been obtained through the conventional treatment system in wastewater treatment plant being the major primary sink. Thus, the untreated DCF will pass to surface water. DCF can interact with other inorganic contaminants in the environment particularly in wastewater treatment plant, such as metals, organic contaminants and even with DCF metabolites. This process may lead to the creation of another possible emerging contaminant. In the present context, environmental fate of DCF in different compartments such as soil and water has been addressed with an overview of current treatment methods. In addition, the toxicity concerns regarding DCF in aquatic as well as terrestrial environment along with an introduction to the metabolites of DCF through consumption as well as abiotic degradation routes are also discussed. Further studies are required to better assess the fate and toxicological effects of DCF and its metabolites and must consider the possible interaction of DCF with other contaminants to develop an effective treatment method for DCF and its traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linson Lonappan
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Ratul Kumar Das
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Mausam Verma
- CO(2) Solutions Inc., 2300, Rue Jean-Perrin, Québec, Québec, G2C 1T9, Canada
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC, PO Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
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