101
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Liu N, Wang LH, Guo LL, Wang GQ, Zhou XP, Jiang Y, Shang J, Murao K, Chen JW, Fu WQ, Zhang GX. Chronic restraint stress inhibits hair growth via substance P mediated by reactive oxygen species in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61574. [PMID: 23637859 PMCID: PMC3637209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Solid evidence has demonstrated that psychoemotional stress induced alteration of hair cycle through neuropeptide substance P (SP) mediated immune response, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain-skin-axis regulation system remains unknown. Objectives The present study aims to investigate possible mechanisms of ROS in regulation of SP-mast cell signal pathway in chronic restraint stress (CRS, a model of chronic psychoemotional stress) which induced abnormal of hair cycle. Methods and Results Our results have demonstrated that CRS actually altered hair cycle by inhibiting hair follicle growth in vivo, prolonging the telogen stage and delaying subsequent anagen and catagen stage. Up-regulation of SP protein expression in cutaneous peripheral nerve fibers and activation of mast cell were observed accompanied with increase of lipid peroxidation levels and reduction of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in CRS mice skin. In addition, SP receptor antagonist (RP67580) reduced mast cell activations and lipid peroxidation levels as well as increased GSH-Px activity and normalized hair cycle. Furthermore, antioxidant Tempol (a free radical scavenger) also restored hair cycle, reduced SP protein expression and mast cell activation. Conclusions Our study provides the first solid evidence for how ROS play a role in regulation of psychoemotional stress induced SP-Mast cell pathway which may provide a convincing rationale for antioxidant application in clinical treatment with psychological stress induced hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Guo
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Ping Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Koji Murao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Jing-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Suzhou Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Fu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GXZ); (WQF)
| | - Guo-Xing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GXZ); (WQF)
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102
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Pan J, Yung Chan S, Common JEA, Amini S, Miserez A, Birgitte Lane E, Kang L. Fabrication of a 3D hair follicle-like hydrogel by soft lithography. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3159-69. [PMID: 23554315 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle transplantation is often used in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). However, the only source of hair follicles is from human donors themselves, which limits the application of this approach. One possible solution is to reconstitute hair follicle from dissociated cells. Currently, a number of microscale technologies have been developed to create size and shape controlled microenvironments in tissue engineering. Photopolymerizable PEGDA hydrogels are often selected as promising scaffolds in engineered microtissues due to their biocompatibility and adjustable mechanical properties. Here, we fabricated an array of PEGDA microwells with center islets that mimic the architecture of human hair follicles using soft lithography. Dermal and epithelial cells were seeded in different compartments of the microstructured mould to mimic mesenchymal and epithelial compartmentalization in native hair follicles. We demonstrated that these compartmentalized microstructures support cell proliferation and cell survival over 14 days, and spreading of dermal fibroblasts was observed. This hydrogel micromould provides a potentially useful tool for engineering 3D hair follicle-mimicking complex cultures in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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103
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104
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Eroz R, Yilmaz S, Cucer N. Argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region associated protein synthesis in hair root cells of humans at different developmental stages and sex. Biotech Histochem 2013; 88:267-71. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.769632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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105
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Xu T, Guo X, Wang H, Hao F, Du X, Gao X, Liu D. Differential gene expression analysis between anagen and telogen of Capra hircus skin based on the de novo assembled transcriptome sequence. Gene 2013; 520:30-8. [PMID: 23466980 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Capra hircus, an economically important livestock, plays an indispensable role in the world animal fiber industry. In the present study, using Illumina/Solexa high throughput sequencing technology, we sequenced and de novo assembled the goat skin transcriptome corresponding to the anagen and telogen of the hair growth cycle. Approximately 53Mb of transcriptome sequences consisting of 57,040 high quality contigs was obtained. More than 8300 contigs were predicted to contain a full length coding sequence. Approximately 43% of the total contigs were identified as harboring homologs of sequences from other organisms in the public database. Based on the assembled transcript-derived contigs, we identified about 7000 transcripts that were differentially expressed between the anagen and telogen libraries. These differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in signal transduction mechanisms, extracellular structures and cytoskeleton from the KOG database and in ECM receptor interaction, focal adhesion and gap junction from the KEGG pathway database, indicating the essential roles of these genes may play in cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix communications during the active hair growth phase. In addition, many signaling pathway associated ligands and/or receptors were also identified as up-regulated genes during the anagen phase compared with the telogen stage, suggesting that enhanced cross-talk among signaling transduction pathways may be required for anagen of the hair cycle. These differentially expressed genes, especially those that were over-represented in each of the functional clusters and biochemical pathways, provide valuable resources and opportunities for characterizing the gene functions associated with hair fiber growth as well as for breeding elite Cashmere goat species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
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106
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Pi LQ, Jin XH, Hwang ST, Lee WS. Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on the immune privilege of human hair follicles. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:51-7. [PMID: 22975462 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The hair follicle is a widely available and instructive miniature organ in the human body that experiences major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I dependent immune privilege (IP). There are various regulation factors that act on the generation, maintenance, and collapse of hair follicle IP. Neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are created in many organs, including skin, and display various immune regulation effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenotypic effect of CGRP on the hair follicle's IP. First, we used interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to generate ectopic MHC antigen expression model in cultured human hair follicles as previously described. Then, we examined the effects of CGRP on the regulation of ectopic MHC antigen expression in cultured human hair follicles using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining techniques. IFN-γ (75 IU/ml) induced ectopic MHC expression. CGRP down-regulated INF-γ-induced ectopic MHC class I mRNA expression. These down-regulated effects were especially evident in 10(-8)M. In addition, CGRP also suppressed the staining intensity related to the expression of MHC class I and MHC class I-pathway related molecules (β2-microglobulin), but had no effect on MHC class II antigen expression. Taken together, these results indicate that CGRP might be an important regulatory factor for IP maintenance and restoration of IP via suppression of MHC class I antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Quan Pi
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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107
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Understanding hair follicle cycling: a systems approach. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2013; 22:607-12. [PMID: 23313098 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Continuous stem cell regeneration is essential for the repair and maintenance of many organs, rendering an understanding of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon of prime importance. In this respect the hair follicle system provides an excellent test bed: mammalian skin contains thousands of hair follicles, each of which undergoes continuous regenerative cycling events that can be visualized via changing pigmentation patterns. Moreover, the system is inherently two-dimensional and reasonably easy to manipulate experimentally. Combined, the hair follicle system is an ideal candidate for an integrated theoretical and experimental approach that characterizes events occurring over multiple spatial and temporal scales. In this work we summarise recent developments in the field, and outline our hopes for future iterations of modelling and experiment.
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108
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Murray PJ, Maini PK, Plikus MV, Chuong CM, Baker RE. Modelling hair follicle growth dynamics as an excitable medium. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002804. [PMID: 23284275 PMCID: PMC3527291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle system represents a tractable model for the study of stem cell behaviour in regenerative adult epithelial tissue. However, although there are numerous spatial scales of observation (molecular, cellular, follicle and multi follicle), it is not yet clear what mechanisms underpin the follicle growth cycle. In this study we seek to address this problem by describing how the growth dynamics of a large population of follicles can be treated as a classical excitable medium. Defining caricature interactions at the molecular scale and treating a single follicle as a functional unit, a minimal model is proposed in which the follicle growth cycle is an emergent phenomenon. Expressions are derived, in terms of parameters representing molecular regulation, for the time spent in the different functional phases of the cycle, a formalism that allows the model to be directly compared with a previous cellular automaton model and experimental measurements made at the single follicle scale. A multi follicle model is constructed and numerical simulations are used to demonstrate excellent qualitative agreement with a range of experimental observations. Notably, the excitable medium equations exhibit a wider family of solutions than the previous work and we demonstrate how parameter changes representing altered molecular regulation can explain perturbed patterns in Wnt over-expression and BMP down-regulation mouse models. Further experimental scenarios that could be used to test the fundamental premise of the model are suggested. The key conclusion from our work is that positive and negative regulatory interactions between activators and inhibitors can give rise to a range of experimentally observed phenomena at the follicle and multi follicle spatial scales and, as such, could represent a core mechanism underlying hair follicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Murray
- Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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109
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Abstract
Hair is considered one of the most defining aspects of human appearance. Hair loss, or alopecia in women is often met with significant emotional distress and anxiety. In midlife, women may encounter various hormonal and age-related physiologic changes that can lead to alterations in hair texture and growth. The most significant hormonal alteration is the onset of menopause in which there is a cessation of ovarian estrogen production. This decrease in estrogen is known to have deleterious effects on the skin and cutaneous appendages. As our understanding of the molecular and hormonal controls on the hair follicle has grown, there has been increased interest in the various modulators of hair growth, including the potential role of estrogen. Further study of hair changes in midlife women provides an important opportunity for identification of the complex regulation of hair growth as well as identification of treatment targets that may specifically benefit women. In this review, management of hair loss in midlife women is discussed with a focus on three most commonly encountered clinical conditions: female pattern hair loss, hair shaft alterations due to hair care, and telogen effluvium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paradi Mirmirani
- Department of Dermatology, The Permanente Medical Group, Vallejo, CA 94589, United States.
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110
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Sano H, Ichioka S. Influence of mechanical forces as a part of nail configuration. Dermatology 2012; 225:210-4. [PMID: 23147212 DOI: 10.1159/000343470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians encounter pincer nails at a high incidence among bedridden cases who are free from weight bearing. The mechanical force transmitted by walking and loading may affect the nail configuration. This study was aimed at evaluating the influence of mechanical forces on the nail configuration. METHODS Study 1 was conducted on a sample size of 318 great toenails, with the subjects classified into the following 3 groups: healthy volunteers, participants who were bedridden for less than 3 months, and participants who were bedridden for more than 3 months. Study 2 was conducted in 12 subjects with unilateral loading. ASSESSMENTS The configuration of the great toenails, in terms of the curve index (defined as the nail height/nail width), was compared. RESULTS In study 1, the curve index increased significantly as the duration of the bedridden state became longer (17.5 ± 4.75, 28.9 ± 11.0, 36.4 ± 9.58, respectively). In study 2, the curve index on the nonloaded side was significantly higher than that on the loaded side (40.0 ± 8.63 vs. 27.0 ± 8.39). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that mechanical forces may affect the nail configuration and be involved in the pathophysiology of nail deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Sano
- Department of Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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111
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Lee WJ, Cha HW, Lim HJ, Lee SJ, Kim DW. The effect of sebocytes cultured from nevus sebaceus on hair growth. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:796-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weon Ju Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Korea
| | - Hyun Wuk Cha
- Department of Dermatology; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lim
- Department of Dermatology; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Korea
| | - Seok-Jong Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Korea
| | - Do Won Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Korea
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112
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Eroz R, Tasdemir S, Dogan H. Is there any relationship between decreased AgNOR protein synthesis and human hair loss? Biotech Histochem 2012; 87:494-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.698307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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113
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Salm S, Burger PE, Wilson EL. TGF-β and stem cell factor regulate cell proliferation in the proximal stem cell niche. Prostate 2012; 72:998-1005. [PMID: 22024978 PMCID: PMC3275683 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells are located in specific regulatory environments termed niches, which modulate the survival and proliferation of the cells through a variety of both mitogenic and inhibitory cytokines. In the murine prostate, stem cells are located in the proximal region of prostatic ducts. We examined the regulation of murine prostate cells in the stem cell niche by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and stem cell factor (SCF). METHODS Prostate cells from the proximal and distal regions of prostatic ducts were cultured in the presence and absence of TGF-β and SCF, both on collagen-coated wells and in collagen gels. Cell growth on collagen was assessed by determining cell number. Cell growth in collagen gels was quantified by determining the number, size and complexity of prostatic ducts. The basal and luminal phenotype of the cells was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Endogenous TGF-β inhibited proliferation and promoted differentiation of proximal cells towards a luminal phenotype. It also inhibited duct-forming capacity and promoted differentiation of prostatic ducts towards a luminal phenotype. Addition of SCF enhanced proximal cell proliferation on collagen-coated wells and duct formation in collagen gels. Proliferation was further increased by ablation of endogenous TGF-β. CONCLUSION Proliferation and the basal/luminal cell composition of cells isolated from the proximal region of prostatic ducts, the stem cell niche, is regulated in part by opposing effects of SCF and endogenous TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Salm
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Borough of Manhattan Community College, New York, New York
| | - Patricia E. Burger
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E. Lynette Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Correspondence to E. Lynette Wilson, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, NY, NY 10016, USA, , tel: 212-263-7684
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114
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Holub B, Kloepper J, Tóth B, Bíro T, Kofler B, Paus R. The neuropeptide galanin is a novel inhibitor of human hair growth. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:10-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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115
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Wang N, Yang T, Li J, Lei M, Shi J, Qiu W, Lian X. The expression and role of c-Myc in mouse hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:199-206. [PMID: 21621827 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the function of c-Myc has been clarified in many tissues, until now its expression and role in hair follicle morphogenesis and the hair cycle remains unknown. In this study we detected c-Myc expression pattern in the process of mouse hair follicle development and normal cycle. We found that during hair follicle morphogenesis, the stage-specific expression of c-Myc was detected in mouse skin and was predominantly localized to the hair follicle epithelium. c-Myc expression was also consistently found in mouse skin throughout the hair follicle cycle. Through the in vivo injection of c-Myc inhibitory peptide and c-Myc expression plasmid, we also investigated the direct effects of c-Myc on the hair follicle structures during the hair follicle cycle. Our results showed that c-Myc inhibitory peptide significantly restrained the development of anagen hair follicles, while the injection of plasmid DNA encoding c-Myc in vivo clearly promoted anagen development. Our data indicate that c-Myc may play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of the hair follicle keratinocytes during hair follicle development. c-Myc also was shown to participate in the regulation of the mouse hair growth cycle and could promote the proliferation of the hair matrix keratinocytes as well as the differentiation of the inner root sheath.
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116
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Xu W, Fan W, Yao K. Cyclosporine A stimulated hair growth from mouse vibrissae follicles in an organ culture model. J Biomed Res 2012; 26:372-80. [PMID: 23554774 PMCID: PMC3613734 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.26.20110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrichosis is one of the most common side effects of systemic cyclosporine A therapy. It has been previously shown that cyclosporine A induces anagen and inhibits catagen development in mice. In the present study, to explore the mechanisms of cyclosporine A, we investigated the effects of cyclosporine A on hair shaft elongation, hair follicle cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mRNA expression of selected growth factors using an organ culture model of mouse vibrissae. In this model, cyclosporine A stimulated hair growth of normal mouse vibrissae follicles by inhibiting catagen-like development and promoting matrix cell proliferation. In addition, cyclosporine A caused an increase in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), and inhibited follistatin expression. Our findings provide an explanation for the clinically observed effects of cyclosporine A on hair growth. The mouse vibrissae organ culture offers an attractive model for identifying factors involved in the modulation of hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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117
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Kim BK, Lee HY, Choi JH, Kim JK, Yoon JB, Yoon SK. Hairless plays a role in formation of inner root sheath via regulation of Dlx3 gene. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:16681-8. [PMID: 22442153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.320770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hairless (Hr), a transcription factor, is expressed in the suprabasal cell layer of the interfollicular epidermis and the lower portion of the hair follicle epithelium, where its expression is dependent on the hair cycle. Recently, we reported a new Hr mutant mouse, Hr(Hp), in which the hairless protein (HR) was overexpressed. In this study, we documented abnormal formation of inner root sheath (IRS), suppressed expression of Dlx3, and IRS keratins in the Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) skin. We also found that HR down-regulated Dlx3 mRNA expression through suppression of Dlx3 promoter activity. In addition, we showed that Dlx3 regulated the expression of IRS keratins. Our results demonstrate that regulation of Dlx3 by HR affects the IRS keratin expression, thus modulating the formation of IRS of hair follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
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118
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Akoglu G, Emre S, Metin A, Bozkurt M. High Frequency of Hypertrichosis after Cast Application. Dermatology 2012; 225:70-4. [DOI: 10.1159/000341521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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119
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Cui Z, Hu Y, Wang H, Zeng Y, Dong B, Zhu H, Dong Z, Liu Z. Establishment and characterization of outer root sheath (ORS) cell line from Jining grey goat. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 34:433-40. [PMID: 22105552 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new line of outer root sheath (ORS) cells was established from hair follicles of Jining grey goat by using a mechanical separation combined with enzyme digestion. Cell morphology is described at different phases. The chromosome analysis of ORS cells, identification of the ORS cells and morphological reversion test were detected at the 4th and 40th passages. The ORS cells were healthy and the growth characteristics were stable with a population doubling time of 52 h. Chromosome analysis showed that >58% of cells were diploid. Test for ORS cell line CK19 expression was positive. This newly established ORS cell line not only lays the foundation for further studying on the growth, regeneration, development law of goat hair follicle but also provides a mirror for the research of human hair in medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Cui
- Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, Taian 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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120
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Mahjour SB, Ghaffarpasand F, Wang H. Hair follicle regeneration in skin grafts: current concepts and future perspectives. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 18:15-23. [PMID: 21883016 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The repair and management of full-thickness skin defects resulting from burns and chronic wounds remain a significant unmet clinical challenge. For those skin defects exceeding 50%-60% of total body surface area, it is impractical to treat with autologous skin transplants because of the shortage of donor sites. The possibility of using tissue-engineered skin grafts for full-thickness wound repair is a promising approach. The primary goal of tissue-engineered skin grafts is to restore lost barrier function, but regeneration of appendages, such as hair follicles, has to be yet achieved. The successful regeneration of hair follicles in immunodeficient mice suggests that creating human hair follicles in tissue-engineered skin grafts is feasible. However, many limitations still need to be explored, particularly enriching isolated cells with trichogenic capacity, maintaining this ability during processing, and providing the cells with proper environmental cues. Current advances in hair follicle regeneration, in vitro and in vivo, are concisely summarized in this report, and key requirements to bioengineer a hair follicle are proposed, with emphasis on a three-dimensional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Babak Mahjour
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
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121
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Lee GY, Lee SJ, Kim WS. The effect of a 1550 nm fractional erbium-glass laser in female pattern hair loss. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25:1450-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oh ST, Cho BK, Schramme A, Gutwein P, Tilgen W, Reichrath J. Hair-cycle dependent differential expression of ADAM 10 and ADAM 12: An immunohistochemical analysis in human hair follicles in situ. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 1:46-53. [PMID: 20046589 DOI: 10.4161/derm.1.1.7497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAM proteases play important roles in processes of development and differentiation. However, no report has been found in the literature addressing the expression and function of ADAM proteases during hair cycling. RESULTS Cytoplasmic expression pattern of ADAM 10, 12 was similar between normal epidermis and hair infundibulum. In addition, cytoplasmic expression of ADAM 10 was observed in the hair bulb keratinocytes and fibroblasts of dermal papilla in anagen I-III hair follicles. In contrast, decreased ADAM 10 expression was observed in the hair matrix keratinocytes as compared to the hair bulb keratinocytes in anagen I-III hair follicles. Interestingly, ADAM 10 immunoreactivity was expressed weakly in the lower portion of outer root sheath (ORS) of anagen VI hair follicles, and strong ADAM 10 expression was detected in the ORS of catagen and telogen hair follicles. By contrast, ADAM 12 expression was not detected in the hair bulb keratinocytes of anagen I-III hair follicles. ADAM 12 immunoreactivity firstly appeared in the inner root sheath ( IRS ) of anagen IV-V hair follicles and was down-regulated in the IRS and hair cortex and medulla of catagen hair follicles, Strong ADAM 12 immunoreactivity was observed in the ORS of catagen and telogen hair follicles. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples of normal human skin (n = 30) were used. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using ADAM 10, 12 specific polyclonal antibodies and a sensitive streptavidin-peroxidase technique. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a comparable staining pattern of decreased ADAM 10 immunoreactivity in hair matrix keratinocytes and the basal cell layer of normal epidermis and hair infundibulum. Expression of ADAM 10 in dermal papilla cells may imply a role in the induction and development of anagen hair follicles. In addition, expression of ADAM 10 in the ORS and hair bulb assume the involvment of ADAM 10 in the downward migration of anagen hair follicles. Furthermore ADAM 12 expression in the IRS may indicate a role in the differentiation of anagen hair follicles. Downregulation of ADAM 12 upon the onset of catagen hair stage suggests that ADAM 12 may play an important role of ADAM 12 in the apoptosis of hair follicle keratinocytes. In summary our findings suggest that ADAM 10 and 12 may be of importance for the regulation of hair cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Taek Oh
- Department of Dermatology; The Saarland University Hospital; Homburg/Saar, Germany
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123
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Grimes DA, Blankenship O, Kremer C, Reese S, Sonstein F. Initial Office Evaluation of Hair Loss in Adult Women. J Nurse Pract 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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124
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Drug delivery into the skin by degradable particles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:23-7. [PMID: 21457780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it was demonstrated that particles could be utilized as carrier systems for drugs into the hair follicles. In the present study, a two-component drug delivery system is presented consisting of degradable particles loaded with fluorescein isothiocyanate and a separate protease formulation for degradation. The particles were applied alone, 30 min previous to the protease application and simultaneously with the protease onto porcine skin. Subsequently, biopsies were removed, and the penetration depths of the particles were analyzed using laser scanning microscopy. The obtained results demonstrate that the particles alone achieved a penetration depth of around 900 μm. Similar results were obtained for the successive application of particles and protease, whereas a release of the fluorescent dye was only observed in the upper 250 μm corresponding to the penetration depth of the protease. In the case of the simultaneous application, the particles were partly dissolved before application, leading to a reduced particle size and diminished penetration depth. The results revealed that degradable particles are a promising tool for drug delivery into the skin.
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125
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Luanpitpon S, Nimmannit U, Pongrakhan V, Chanvorach P. Emblica (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.) Fruit Extract Promotes Proliferation in Dermal Papilla Cells of Human Hair Follicle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2011.95.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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126
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Park BS, Kim WS, Choi JS, Kim HK, Won JH, Ohkubo F, Fukuoka H. Hair growth stimulated by conditioned medium of adipose-derived stem cells is enhanced by hypoxia: evidence of increased growth factor secretion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 31:27-34. [PMID: 20203417 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.31.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and their secretomes mediate diverse skin-regeneration effects, such as wound-healing and antioxidant protection, that are enhanced by hypoxia. We investigated the hair-growth-promoting effect of conditioned medium (CM) of ADSCs to determine if ADSCs and their secretomes regenerate hair and if hypoxia enhances hair regeneration. If so, we wanted to identify the factors responsible for hypoxia-enhanced hair-regeneration. We found that ADSC-CM administrated subcutaneously induced the anagen phase and increased hair regeneration in C(3)H/NeH mice. In addition, ADSC-CM increased the proliferation of human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) and human epithelial keratinocytes (HEKs), which are derived from two major cell types present in hair follicles. We investigated the effect of hypoxia on ADSC function using the same animal model in which hypoxia increased hair regrowth. Forty-one growth factors in ADSC-CM from cells cultured under hypoxic or normoxic conditions were analyzed. The secretion of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), M-CSF receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta, and vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly increased by hypoxia, while the secretion of epithelial growth factor production was decreased. It is reasonable to conclude that ADSCs promote hair growth via a paracrine mechanism that is enhanced by hypoxia.
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Meli VS, Osuna B, Ruvkun G, Frand AR. MLT-10 defines a family of DUF644 and proline-rich repeat proteins involved in the molting cycle of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:1648-61. [PMID: 20335506 PMCID: PMC2869372 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-07-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molting of nematodes involves the synthesis and removal of a collagen-rich exoskeleton. We describe Caenorhabditis elegans MLT-10, which defines a large family of DUF644 and proline-rich repeat proteins. We show that MLT-10 is released from the epidermis during molting and that MLT-10 is involved in renewal of the exoskeleton and development of the epidermis. The molting cycle of nematodes involves the periodic synthesis and removal of a collagen-rich exoskeleton, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we describe the mlt-10 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans, which emerged from a genetic screen for molting-defective mutants sensitized by low cholesterol. MLT-10 defines a large family of nematode-specific proteins comprised of DUF644 and tandem P-X2-L-(S/T)-P repeats. Conserved nuclear hormone receptors promote expression of the mlt-10 gene in the hypodermis whenever the exoskeleton is remade. Further, a MLT-10::mCherry fusion protein is released from the hypodermis to the surrounding matrices and fluids during molting. The fusion protein is also detected in strands near the surface of animals. Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations of mlt-10 impede the removal of old cuticles. However, the substitution mutation mlt-10(mg364), which disrupts the proline-rich repeats, causes the most severe phenotype. Mutations of mlt-10 are also associated with abnormalities in the exoskeleton and improper development of the epidermis. Thus, mlt-10 encodes a secreted protein involved in three distinct but interconnected aspects of the molting cycle. We propose that the molting cycle of C. elegans involves the dynamic assembly and disassembly of MLT-10 and possibly the paralogs of MLT-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar S Meli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, USA
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128
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Wosicka H, Cal K. Targeting to the hair follicles: Current status and potential. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 57:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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129
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Thomson S, Koren G, Fraser LA, Rieder M, Friedman TC, Van Uum SHM. Hair analysis provides a historical record of cortisol levels in Cushing's syndrome. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2010; 118:133-8. [PMID: 19609841 PMCID: PMC2945912 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1220771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The severity of Cushing's Syndrome (CS) depends on the duration and extent of the exposure to excess glucocorticoids. Current measurements of cortisol in serum, saliva and urine reflect systemic cortisol levels at the time of sample collection, but cannot assess past cortisol levels. Hair cortisol levels may be increased in patients with CS, and, as hair grows about 1 cm/month, measurement of hair cortisol may provide historical information on the development of hypercortisolism. We attempted to measure cortisol in hair in relation to clinical course in six female patients with CS and in 32 healthy volunteers in 1 cm hair sections. Hair cortisol content was measured using a commercially available salivary cortisol immune assay with a protocol modified for use with hair. Hair cortisol levels were higher in patients with CS than in controls, the medians (ranges) were 679 (279-2500) and 116 (26-204) ng/g respectively (P<0.001). Segmental hair analysis provided information for up to 18 months before time of sampling. Hair cortisol concentrations appeared to vary in accordance with the clinical course. Based on these data, we suggest that hair cortisol measurement is a novel method for assessing dynamic systemic cortisol exposure and provides unique historical information on variation in cortisol, and that more research is required to fully understand the utility and limits of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada N6A4V2
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130
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Araújo R, Fernandes M, Cavaco-Paulo A, Gomes A. Biology of human hair: know your hair to control it. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 125:121-43. [PMID: 21072698 DOI: 10.1007/10_2010_88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hair can be engineered at different levels--its structure and surface--through modification of its constituent molecules, in particular proteins, but also the hair follicle (HF) can be genetically altered, in particular with the advent of siRNA-based applications. General aspects of hair biology are reviewed, as well as the most recent contributions to understanding hair pigmentation and the regulation of hair development. Focus will also be placed on the techniques developed specifically for delivering compounds of varying chemical nature to the HF, indicating methods for genetic/biochemical modulation of HF components for the treatment of hair diseases. Finally, hair fiber structure and chemical characteristics will be discussed as targets for keratin surface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Araújo
- CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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131
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Rittié L, Stoll SW, Kang S, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ. Hedgehog signaling maintains hair follicle stem cell phenotype in young and aged human skin. Aging Cell 2009; 8:738-51. [PMID: 20050020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin hair follicles (HF) contain bulge stem cells (SC) that regenerate HFs during hair cycles, and repair skin epithelia following injury. As natural aging is associated with decreased skin repair capacity in humans, we have investigated the impact of age on human scalp HF bulge cell number and function. Here, we isolated human bulge cells, characterized as CD200+/KRT15+/KRT19+ cells of the HF, by dissection-combined CD200 selection in young and aged human skin. Targeted transcriptional profiling indicates that KRT15, KRT19, Dkk3, Dkk4, Tcf3, S100A4, Gas1, EGFR and CTGF/CCN2 are also preferentially expressed by human bulge cells, compared to differentiated HF keratinocytes (KC). Our results demonstrate that aging does not alter expression or localization of these HF SC markers. In addition, we could not detect significant differences in HF density or bulge cell number between young and aged human scalp skin. Interestingly, hedgehog (Hh) signaling is activated in human bulge cells in vivo, and down-regulated in differentiated HF KCs, both in young and aged skin. In addition, activation of Hh signaling by lentivirus-mediated overexpression of transcription factor Gli1 induces transcription of HF SC markers KRT15, KRT19, and Gas1, in cultured KCs. Together with previously reported knock-out mouse results, these data suggest a role for Hh signaling in maintaining bulge cell phenotype in young and aged human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Rittié
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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132
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Drewa T, Joachimiak R, Kaznica A, Sarafian V, Sir J. Primary cultures from rat vibrissae as a potential cell source for in vitro construction of urinary bladder wall grafts. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:1932-5. [PMID: 19545759 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro-constructed grafts can be used for human bladder augmentation. There are many diseases in which autologous cells cannot be used for this purpose. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential of rat vibrissae hair follicle cells to form cultures, which could serve as a source for in vitro creation of urinary bladder wall grafts. METHODS Two hundred vibrissae were excised from young Wistar male rats. Two different digestions were performed, in dispase and in collagenase. All follicles were additionally incubated in trypsin and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. Two different culture media based on DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) were used: the first was supplemented with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and the second with epidermal growth factor. Immunocytochemical detection of cytokeratin, CD34, p63, Ki-67 (proliferation index), and HMB45 (Human Melanoma Black 45) was performed. RESULTS Forty-eight primary cultures of rat follicle vibrissae cells were established from 200 hair follicles (24% successful rate). Twenty-four primary cultures were obtained after dispase digestion and 24 after collagenase treatment. Each group was cultured in 2 different media. A heterogeneity of primary cultures was observed. Cells formed a monolayer within a period of 2 to 4 weeks. The 24 primary cultures established after dispase treatment exhibited monolayers of small cuboid cells expressing cytokeratin and CD34. In the 40th passage 20%-40% of cells expressed p63; 85% of these cells from late passages were positive for Ki-67, indicating preserved mitotic potential. Epithelial-like phenotype was observed after dispase digestion and cultivation in KGF-supplemented medium. After 3 weeks, the morphology of these cells changed into fibroblast-like. These cultures were negative for CD34. Fibroblast-like cell growth was observed after collagenase treatment in both KGF- and EGF-supplemented media. These cells were positive for the melanocyte cell marker (HMB45). CONCLUSIONS Culture media and isolation conditions influence hair follicle stem cell differentiation. The stem cell niche within the hair follicles is a reservoir of cells, which can be potentially used for in vitro creation of urinary bladder wall grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Drewa
- Department of Tissue Engineering, CM UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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133
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Roca AL, Ishida Y, Nikolaidis N, Kolokotronis SO, Fratpietro S, Stewardson K, Hensley S, Tisdale M, Boeskorov G, Greenwood AD. Genetic variation at hair length candidate genes in elephants and the extinct woolly mammoth. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:232. [PMID: 19747392 PMCID: PMC2754481 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Like humans, the living elephants are unusual among mammals in being sparsely covered with hair. Relative to extant elephants, the extinct woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius, had a dense hair cover and extremely long hair, which likely were adaptations to its subarctic habitat. The fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) gene affects hair length in a diverse set of mammalian species. Mutations in FGF5 lead to recessive long hair phenotypes in mice, dogs, and cats; and the gene has been implicated in hair length variation in rabbits. Thus, FGF5 represents a leading candidate gene for the phenotypic differences in hair length notable between extant elephants and the woolly mammoth. We therefore sequenced the three exons (except for the 3' UTR) and a portion of the promoter of FGF5 from the living elephantid species (Asian, African savanna and African forest elephants) and, using protocols for ancient DNA, from a woolly mammoth. Results Between the extant elephants and the mammoth, two single base substitutions were observed in FGF5, neither of which alters the amino acid sequence. Modeling of the protein structure suggests that the elephantid proteins fold similarly to the human FGF5 protein. Bioinformatics analyses and DNA sequencing of another locus that has been implicated in hair cover in humans, type I hair keratin pseudogene (KRTHAP1), also yielded negative results. Interestingly, KRTHAP1 is a pseudogene in elephantids as in humans (although fully functional in non-human primates). Conclusion The data suggest that the coding sequence of the FGF5 gene is not the critical determinant of hair length differences among elephantids. The results are discussed in the context of hairlessness among mammals and in terms of the potential impact of large body size, subarctic conditions, and an aquatic ancestor on hair cover in the Proboscidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred L Roca
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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134
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Zhou Z, Lenk R, Dellinger A, MacFarland D, Kumar K, Wilson SR, Kepley CL. Fullerene nanomaterials potentiate hair growth. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 5:202-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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135
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Pozdnyakova O, Grossman J, Barbagallo B, Lyle S. The hair follicle barrier to involvement by malignant melanoma. Cancer 2009; 115:1267-75. [PMID: 19152437 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma characteristically grows within the epidermis along the dermal-epidermal junction, sometimes extending outward up to several centimeters beyond the foci of invasive tumors. Although follicular involvement by malignant melanoma is widely recognized, to the authors' knowledge no previously published data address this phenomenon. METHODS To examine the growth characteristics of in situ melanomas in relation to the hair follicle microanatomy, the authors analyzed 100 cases of primary cutaneous melanomas (61 in situ and 39 invasive melanomas with significant in situ components) obtained from pathology clinical archives. RESULTS Eighty-two (82%) cases of melanoma in situ demonstrated tumor cells within >or=1 hair follicles. Of those, 57 (69.5%) cases demonstrated the tumor cells only within the infundibulum. Extension of the tumor cells down to the isthmus was observed in 24 cases (29.3%). In only 1 exceptional case (1%) were tumor cells detected beneath the level of the hair follicle bulge. CONCLUSIONS The authors postulate that a physiologic barrier restricts the intraepithelial spread of melanoma tumor cells at or beyond the level of the stem cell niche in the hair follicle bulge. Although the nature of this barrier remains to be elucidated, the distinct biologic characteristics of the hair follicle bulge may provide clues to understanding this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pozdnyakova
- Pathology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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136
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Abstract
Human dermal fibroblasts obtained by skin biopsy can be reprogrammed directly to pluripotency by the ectopic expression of defined transcription factors. Here, we describe the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from CD34+ mobilized human peripheral blood cells using retroviral transduction of OCT4/SOX2/KLF4/MYC. Blood-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells are indistinguishable from human embryonic stem cells with respect to morphology, expression of surface antigens, and pluripotency-associated transcription factors, DNA methylation status at pluripotent cell-specific genes, and the capacity to differentiate in vitro and in teratomas. The ability to reprogram cells from human blood will allow the generation of patient-specific stem cells for diseases in which the disease-causing somatic mutations are restricted to cells of the hematopoietic lineage.
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137
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Yamada H, Ikeda A. [New drug targets and research methods for androgenetic alopecia]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2009; 133:73-77. [PMID: 19218745 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.133.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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138
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Hanif M, Rosengardten Y, Sagelius H, Rozell B, Eriksson M. Differential expression of A-type and B-type lamins during hair cycling. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4114. [PMID: 19122810 PMCID: PMC2606029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple genetic disorders caused by mutations that affect the proteins lamin A and C show strong skin phenotypes. These disorders include the premature aging disorders Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and mandibuloacral dysplasia, as well as restrictive dermopathy. Prior studies have shown that the lamin A/C and B proteins are expressed in skin, but little is known about their normal expression in the different skin cell-types and during the hair cycle. Our immunohistochemical staining for lamins A/C and B in wild-type mice revealed strong expression in the basal cell layer of the epidermis, the outer root sheath, and the dermal papilla during all stages of the hair cycle. Lower expression of both lamins A/C and B was seen in suprabasal cells of the epidermis, in the hypodermis, and in the bulb of catagen follicles. In addition, we have utilized a previously described mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and show here that the expression of progerin does not result in pronounced effects on hair cycling or the expression of lamin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hanif
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ylva Rosengardten
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Novum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Sagelius
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Novum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Rozell
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Novum, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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139
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Ellis JA, Sinclair RD. Male pattern baldness: current treatments, future prospects. Drug Discov Today 2008; 13:791-7. [PMID: 18617016 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Male pattern baldness affects up to half of the male Caucasian population by middle age, and almost all Caucasian men by old age. Especially in younger men, this heritable form of hair loss can have significant psycho-social consequences. Although approved pharmacological agents exist to manage the condition, none of the currently available options are highly efficacious. New treatments under development, and acceleration in our understanding of the underlying molecular genetic aetiology of this condition provide increased hope for future targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine A Ellis
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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140
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Appenzeller O, Qualls C, Barbic F, Furlan R, Porta A. Stable isotope ratios in hair and teeth reflect biologic rhythms. PLoS One 2007; 2:e636. [PMID: 17653263 PMCID: PMC1919425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologic rhythms give insight into normal physiology and disease. They can be used as biomarkers for neuronal degenerations. We present a diverse data set to show that hair and teeth contain an extended record of biologic rhythms, and that analysis of these tissues could yield signals of neurodegenerations. We examined hair from mummified humans from South America, extinct mammals and modern animals and people, both healthy and diseased, and teeth of hominins. We also monitored heart-rate variability, a measure of a biologic rhythm, in some living subjects and analyzed it using power spectra. The samples were examined to determine variations in stable isotope ratios along the length of the hair and across growth-lines of the enamel in teeth. We found recurring circa-annual periods of slow and fast rhythms in hydrogen isotope ratios in hair and carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in teeth. The power spectra contained slow and fast frequency power, matching, in terms of normalized frequency, the spectra of heart rate variability found in our living subjects. Analysis of the power spectra of hydrogen isotope ratios in hair from a patient with neurodegeneration revealed the same spectral features seen in the patient's heart-rate variability. Our study shows that spectral analysis of stable isotope ratios in readily available tissues such as hair could become a powerful diagnostic tool when effective treatments and neuroprotective drugs for neurodegenerative diseases become available. It also suggests that similar analyses of archaeological specimens could give insight into the physiology of ancient people and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Appenzeller
- New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America.
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141
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Moriyasu S, Yamamoto K, Kureyama N, Okamura K, Ikeda T, Yamatodani A. Involvement of histamine released from mast cells in acute radiation dermatitis in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 104:187-90. [PMID: 17558180 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.sc0070127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A possible involvement of histamine in acute radiation dermatitis in mice was investigated. The dose of 40 Gy of gamma irradiation induced erythema and edema in C57BL/6 mice treated with vehicle. However, in C57BL/6 mice treated with chlorpheniramine and WBB6F1-W/Wv mice, erythema and edema were not observed. In all of these mice, epilation and dry desquamation were induced, but bepotastine significantly reduced the extent of these areas. These results suggest that gamma irradiation-induced erythema and edema were caused by histamine released from mast cells via histamine H1 receptor, and epilation was induced by other inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiko Moriyasu
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
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Yoo BY, Shin YH, Yoon HH, Kim YJ, Song KY, Hwang SJ, Park JK. Improved isolation of outer root sheath cells from human hair follicles and their proliferation behavior under serum-free condition. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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