101
|
Giger S, Kovtonyuk LV, Utz SG, Ramosaj M, Kovacs WJ, Schmid E, Ioannidis V, Greter M, Manz MG, Lutolf MP, Jessberger S, Knobloch M. A Single Metabolite which Modulates Lipid Metabolism Alters Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Behavior and Promotes Lymphoid Reconstitution. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:566-576. [PMID: 32857979 PMCID: PMC7486304 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), the breakdown of lipids, is a metabolic pathway used by various stem cells. FAO levels are generally high during quiescence and downregulated with proliferation. The endogenous metabolite malonyl-CoA modulates lipid metabolism as a reversible FAO inhibitor and as a substrate for de novo lipogenesis. Here we assessed whether malonyl-CoA can be exploited to steer the behavior of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), quiescent stem cells of clinical relevance. Treatment of mouse HSPCs in vitro with malonyl-CoA increases HSPC numbers compared with nontreated controls and ameliorates blood reconstitution capacity when transplanted in vivo, mainly through enhanced lymphoid reconstitution. Similarly, human HSPC numbers also increase upon malonyl-CoA treatment in vitro. These data corroborate that lipid metabolism can be targeted to direct cell fate and stem cell proliferation. Physiological modulation of metabolic pathways, rather than genetic or pharmacological inhibition, provides unique perspectives for stem cell manipulations in health and disease. Modulating lipid metabolism with malonyl-CoA increases murine HSPCs in vitro Malonyl-CoA promotes lymphoid cell fate of HSPCs in vitro and in vivo The myeloid bias in aged HSPCs is partially recovered with malonyl-CoA exposure Malonyl-CoA increases the numbers of human HSPCs in vitro
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Giger
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Larisa V Kovtonyuk
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian G Utz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mergim Ramosaj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Werner J Kovacs
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Schmid
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vassilios Ioannidis
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Abstract
Purpose of Review Inflammatory signals have emerged as critical regulators of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Specifically, HSCs are highly responsive to acute changes in systemic inflammation and this influences not only their division rate but also their lineage fate. Identifying how inflammation regulates HSCs and shapes the blood system is crucial to understanding the mechanisms underpinning these processes, as well as potential links between them. Recent Findings A widening array of physiologic and pathologic processes involving heightened inflammation are now recognized to critically affect HSC biology and blood lineage production. Conditions documented to affect HSC function include not only acute and chronic infections but also autoinflammatory conditions, irradiation injury, and physiologic states such as aging and obesity. Summary Recognizing the contexts during which inflammation affects primitive hematopoiesis is essential to improving our understanding of HSC biology and informing new therapeutic interventions against maladaptive hematopoiesis that occurs during inflammatory diseases, infections, and cancer-related disorders.
Collapse
|
103
|
A mitochondrial phosphatase PTPMT1 is essential for the early development of silkworm, Bombyx mori. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:713-718. [PMID: 32773109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays important roles in the control of many biological processes in insects, such as development, reproduction, and polyphenism. JH is primarily produced in the corpora allata (CA) by specific JH biosynthetic enzymes under strict temporal regulation. In a previous study, we identified a novel putative JH biosynthetic gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase, mitochondrial 1 (PTPMT1), from silkworm, Bombyx mori, whose expression is nearly exclusive in the CA and is correlated with JH synthetic activities during late larval development. In this study, to reveal the function of PTPMT1 in vivo, we generated PTPMT1 knockout silkworms using TALEN. In the knockout mutants, no signs indicating defects in JH activity were observed. Instead, PTPMT1 knockout silkworms showed embryonic lethality, developmental arrest, and 3rd-instar lethality not only in mutants lacking total enzymatic activity but also in mutants lacking mitochondrial translocation signals. Moreover, in PTPMT1 knockout embryos, the expression of two genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome, CYTB and ND3, was decreased, indicating a mitochondrial disorder. These results suggested that PTPMT1 plays conserved vital role(s) reported in vertebrates in insect mitochondria.
Collapse
|
104
|
Papakyrikos AM, Kim MJ, Wang X. Drosophila PTPMT1 Has a Function in Tracheal Air Filling. iScience 2020; 23:101285. [PMID: 32629421 PMCID: PMC7334580 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The fly trachea is the equivalent of the mammalian lung and is a useful model for human respiratory diseases. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying tracheal air filling during larval development. In this study, we discover that PTPMT1 has a function in tracheal air filling. PTPMT1 is a widely conserved, ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial phosphatase. To reveal PTPMT1's functions in genetically tractable invertebrates and whether those functions are tissue specific, we generate a Drosophila model of PTPMT1 depletion. We find that fly PTPMT1 mutants show impairments in tracheal air filling and subsequent activation of innate immune responses. On a cellular level, these defects are preceded by aggregation of mitochondria within the tracheal epithelial cells. Our work demonstrates a cell-type-specific role for PTPMT1 in fly tracheal epithelial cells to support air filling and to prevent immune activation. The establishment of this model will facilitate exploration of PTPMT1's physiological functions in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Papakyrikos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Cho HJ, Lee J, Yoon SR, Lee HG, Jung H. Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate and Malignancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134780. [PMID: 32640596 PMCID: PMC7369689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decision, whether they keep quiescence, self-renew, or differentiate into blood lineage cells, is critical for maintaining the immune system throughout one’s lifetime. As HSCs are exposed to age-related stress, they gradually lose their self-renewal and regenerative capacity. Recently, many reports have implicated signaling pathways in the regulation of HSC fate determination and malignancies under aging stress or pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of signaling pathways that regulate HSC fate including quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation during aging, and additionally introduce pharmacological approaches to rescue defects of HSC fate determination or hematopoietic malignancies by kinase signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jun Cho
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.C.); (S.R.Y.)
| | - Jungwoon Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.C.); (S.R.Y.)
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.C.); (S.R.Y.)
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 113 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.G.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.J.C.); (S.R.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.G.L.); (H.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Yamashita M, Dellorusso PV, Olson OC, Passegué E. Dysregulated haematopoietic stem cell behaviour in myeloid leukaemogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:365-382. [PMID: 32415283 PMCID: PMC7658795 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is governed by haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that produce all lineages of blood and immune cells. The maintenance of blood homeostasis requires a dynamic response of HSCs to stress, and dysregulation of these adaptive-response mechanisms underlies the development of myeloid leukaemia. Leukaemogenesis often occurs in a stepwise manner, with genetic and epigenetic changes accumulating in pre-leukaemic HSCs prior to the emergence of leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) and the development of acute myeloid leukaemia. Clinical data have revealed the existence of age-related clonal haematopoiesis, or the asymptomatic clonal expansion of mutated blood cells in the elderly, and this phenomenon is connected to susceptibility to leukaemic transformation. Here we describe how selection for specific mutations that increase HSC competitive fitness, in conjunction with additional endogenous and environmental changes, drives leukaemic transformation. We review the ways in which LSCs take advantage of normal HSC properties to promote survival and expansion, thus underlying disease recurrence and resistance to conventional therapies, and we detail our current understanding of leukaemic 'stemness' regulation. Overall, we link the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating HSC behaviour with the functional dysregulation of these mechanisms in myeloid leukaemia and discuss opportunities for targeting LSC-specific mechanisms for the prevention or cure of malignant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yamashita
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul V Dellorusso
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oakley C Olson
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Cianflone E, Torella M, Biamonte F, De Angelis A, Urbanek K, Costanzo FS, Rota M, Ellison-Hughes GM, Torella D. Targeting Cardiac Stem Cell Senescence to Treat Cardiac Aging and Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E1558. [PMID: 32604861 PMCID: PMC7349658 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem/progenitor are a small population of cells that reside in tissue-specific niches and possess the potential to differentiate in all cell types of the organ in which they operate. Adult stem cells are implicated with the homeostasis, regeneration, and aging of all tissues. Tissue-specific adult stem cell senescence has emerged as an attractive theory for the decline in mammalian tissue and organ function during aging. Cardiac aging, in particular, manifests as functional tissue degeneration that leads to heart failure. Adult cardiac stem/progenitor cell (CSC) senescence has been accordingly associated with physiological and pathological processes encompassing both non-age and age-related decline in cardiac tissue repair and organ dysfunction and disease. Senescence is a highly active and dynamic cell process with a first classical hallmark represented by its replicative limit, which is the establishment of a stable growth arrest over time that is mainly secondary to DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation elicited by different intrinsic stimuli (like metabolism), as well as external stimuli and age. Replicative senescence is mainly executed by telomere shortening, the activation of the p53/p16INK4/Rb molecular pathways, and chromatin remodeling. In addition, senescent cells produce and secrete a complex mixture of molecules, commonly known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), that regulate most of their non-cell-autonomous effects. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating different characteristics of the senescence phenotype and their consequences for adult CSCs in particular. Because senescent cells contribute to the outcome of a variety of cardiac diseases, including age-related and unrelated cardiac diseases like diabetic cardiomyopathy and anthracycline cardiotoxicity, therapies that target senescent cell clearance are actively being explored. Moreover, the further understanding of the reversibility of the senescence phenotype will help to develop novel rational therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, AORN dei Colli/Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Interdepartmental Centre of Services (CIS), Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.B.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco S. Costanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Interdepartmental Centre of Services (CIS), Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.B.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Marcello Rota
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Georgina M. Ellison-Hughes
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences and Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guys Campus-Great Maze Pond rd, London SE1 1UL, UK;
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Redondo Monte E, Kerbs P, Greif PA. ZBTB7A links tumor metabolism to myeloid differentiation. Exp Hematol 2020; 87:20-24.e1. [PMID: 32525064 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ZBTB7A is a transcription factor that regulates all three branches of hematopoietic differentiation while repressing the expression of key glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporters. Here, we propose that ZBTB7A acts as a link between differentiation and metabolism, two interconnected cellular processes. In particular, ZBTB7A can activate or repress metabolic programs necessary for the differentiation of specific cell lineages while controlling key pathways such as Notch signaling. Finally, the dual role of ZBTB7A has implications for the treatment of myeloid malignancies, where the block of differentiation could potentially be overcome by metabolic therapies with low toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enric Redondo Monte
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Kerbs
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp A Greif
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Manevski M, Muthumalage T, Devadoss D, Sundar IK, Wang Q, Singh KP, Unwalla HJ, Chand HS, Rahman I. Cellular stress responses and dysfunctional Mitochondrial-cellular senescence, and therapeutics in chronic respiratory diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101443. [PMID: 32037306 PMCID: PMC7251248 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal inflammatory responses due to the lung tissue damage and ineffective repair/resolution in response to the inhaled toxicants result in the pathological changes associated with chronic respiratory diseases. Investigation of such pathophysiological mechanisms provides the opportunity to develop the molecular phenotype-specific diagnostic assays and could help in designing the personalized medicine-based therapeutic approaches against these prevalent diseases. As the central hubs of cell metabolism and energetics, mitochondria integrate cellular responses and interorganellar signaling pathways to maintain cellular and extracellular redox status and the cellular senescence that dictate the lung tissue responses. Specifically, as observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis, the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) crosstalk is disrupted by the inhaled toxicants such as the combustible and emerging electronic nicotine-delivery system (ENDS) tobacco products. Thus, the recent research efforts have focused on understanding how the mitochondria-ER dysfunctions and oxidative stress responses can be targeted to improve inflammatory and cellular dysfunctions associated with these pathologic illnesses that are exacerbated by viral infections. The present review assesses the importance of these redox signaling and cellular senescence pathways that describe the role of mitochondria and ER on the development and function of lung epithelial responses, highlighting the cause and effect associations that reflect the disease pathogenesis and possible intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Manevski
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dinesh Devadoss
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kameshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hoshang J Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Snoeck HW. Calcium regulation of stem cells. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50028. [PMID: 32419314 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent and post-natal, tissue-specific stem cells share functional features such as the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages and to self-renew, and are endowed with specific cell maintenance mechanism as well as transcriptional and epigenetic signatures that determine stem cell identity and distinguish them from their progeny. Calcium is a highly versatile and ubiquitous second messenger that regulates a wide variety of cellular functions. Specific roles of calcium in stem cell niches and stem cell maintenance mechanisms are only beginning to be explored, however. In this review, I discuss stem cell-specific regulation and roles of calcium, focusing on its potential involvement in the intertwined metabolic and epigenetic regulation of stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center of Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Shen G, Liu W, Xu L, Wang LL. Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response and Its Roles in Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:627-637. [PMID: 32070227 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerong Shen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Prosthetics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lvwan Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-lin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Lee HY, Hong IS. Metabolic Regulation and Related Molecular Mechanisms in Various Stem Cell Functions. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:531-546. [PMID: 32394844 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200512105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on the mechanisms that link metabolic changes with stem cell fate have deepened our understanding of how specific metabolic pathways can regulate various stem cell functions during the development of an organism. Although it was originally thought to be merely a consequence of the specific cell state, metabolism is currently known to play a critical role in regulating the self-renewal capacity, differentiation potential, and quiescence of stem cells. Many studies in recent years have revealed that metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell behaviors (e.g., selfrenewal, migration, and differentiation) by modulating energy production through glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation and by regulating the generation of metabolites, which can modulate multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of stem cell metabolism could allow us to establish optimal culture conditions and differentiation methods that would increase stem cell expansion and function for cell-based therapies. However, little is known about how metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell functions. In this context, we review the current advances in metabolic research that have revealed functional roles for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative stress during the self-renewal, differentiation and aging of various adult stem cell types. These approaches could provide novel strategies for the development of metabolic or pharmacological therapies to promote the regenerative potential of stem cells and subsequently promote their therapeutic utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367-700, Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
de Laval B, Maurizio J, Kandalla PK, Brisou G, Simonnet L, Huber C, Gimenez G, Matcovitch-Natan O, Reinhardt S, David E, Mildner A, Leutz A, Nadel B, Bordi C, Amit I, Sarrazin S, Sieweke MH. C/EBPβ-Dependent Epigenetic Memory Induces Trained Immunity in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:657-674.e8. [PMID: 32169166 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain life-long production of immune cells and can directly respond to infection, but sustained effects on the immune response remain unclear. We show that acute immune stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced only transient changes in HSC abundance, composition, progeny, and gene expression, but persistent alterations in accessibility of specific myeloid lineage enhancers occurred, which increased responsiveness of associated immune genes to secondary stimulation. Functionally, this was associated with increased myelopoiesis of pre-exposed HSCs and improved innate immunity against the gram-negative bacterium P. aeruginosa. The accessible myeloid enhancers were enriched for C/EBPβ targets, and C/EBPβ deletion erased the long-term inscription of LPS-induced epigenetic marks and gene expression. Thus, short-term immune signaling can induce C/EBPβ-dependent chromatin accessibility, resulting in HSC-trained immunity, during secondary infection. This establishes a mechanism for how infection history can be epigenetically inscribed in HSCs as an integral memory function of innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Maurizio
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France; Inovarion, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Prashanth K Kandalla
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriel Brisou
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Louise Simonnet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Huber
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Gregory Gimenez
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France; Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Reinhardt
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alexander Mildner
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertrand Nadel
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Bordi
- Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sandrine Sarrazin
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Michael H Sieweke
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13009 Marseille, France; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Vannini N, Campos V, Girotra M, Trachsel V, Rojas-Sutterlin S, Tratwal J, Ragusa S, Stefanidis E, Ryu D, Rainer PY, Nikitin G, Giger S, Li TY, Semilietof A, Oggier A, Yersin Y, Tauzin L, Pirinen E, Cheng WC, Ratajczak J, Canto C, Ehrbar M, Sizzano F, Petrova TV, Vanhecke D, Zhang L, Romero P, Nahimana A, Cherix S, Duchosal MA, Ho PC, Deplancke B, Coukos G, Auwerx J, Lutolf MP, Naveiras O. The NAD-Booster Nicotinamide Riboside Potently Stimulates Hematopoiesis through Increased Mitochondrial Clearance. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 24:405-418.e7. [PMID: 30849366 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently shown that increased oxidative phosphorylation, as reflected by increased mitochondrial activity, together with impairment of the mitochondrial stress response, can severely compromise hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration. Here we show that the NAD+-boosting agent nicotinamide riboside (NR) reduces mitochondrial activity within HSCs through increased mitochondrial clearance, leading to increased asymmetric HSC divisions. NR dietary supplementation results in a significantly enlarged pool of progenitors, without concurrent HSC exhaustion, improves survival by 80%, and accelerates blood recovery after murine lethal irradiation and limiting-HSC transplantation. In immune-deficient mice, NR increased the production of human leucocytes from hCD34+ progenitors. Our work demonstrates for the first time a positive effect of NAD+-boosting strategies on the most primitive blood stem cells, establishing a link between HSC mitochondrial stress, mitophagy, and stem-cell fate decision, and unveiling the potential of NR to improve recovery of patients suffering from hematological failure including post chemo- and radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Vannini
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland.
| | - Vasco Campos
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mukul Girotra
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Trachsel
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shanti Rojas-Sutterlin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ragusa
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Evangelos Stefanidis
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pernille Y Rainer
- Laboratory of System Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gena Nikitin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Giger
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Terytty Y Li
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aikaterini Semilietof
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aurelien Oggier
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Yersin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Tauzin
- Flow Cytometry Platform, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wan-Chen Cheng
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Ratajczak
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carles Canto
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Federico Sizzano
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Vanhecke
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Aimable Nahimana
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Departments of Oncology and of Laboratories, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Cherix
- Service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel A Duchosal
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Departments of Oncology and of Laboratories, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of System Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC) & Institute of Bioengineering (IBI), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Departments of Oncology and of Laboratories, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Chang NC. Autophagy and Stem Cells: Self-Eating for Self-Renewal. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:138. [PMID: 32195258 PMCID: PMC7065261 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental cell survival mechanism that allows cells to adapt to metabolic stress through the degradation and recycling of intracellular components to generate macromolecular precursors and produce energy. The autophagy pathway is critical for development, maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis, as well as immunity and prevention of human disease. Defects in autophagy have been attributed to cancer, neurodegeneration, muscle and heart disease, infectious disease, as well as aging. While autophagy has classically been viewed as a passive quality control and general house-keeping mechanism, emerging evidence demonstrates that autophagy is an active process that regulates the metabolic status of the cell. Adult stem cells, which are long-lived cells that possess the unique ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cells throughout the body, have distinct metabolic requirements. Research in a variety of stem cell types have established that autophagy plays critical roles in stem cell quiescence, activation, differentiation, and self-renewal. Here, we will review the evidence demonstrating that autophagy is a key regulator of stem cell function and how defective stem cell autophagy contributes to degenerative disease, aging and the generation of cancer stem cells. Moreover, we will discuss the merits of targeting autophagy as a regenerative medicine strategy to promote stem cell function and improve stem cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha C Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Yan M, Liu H, Xu J, Cen X, Wang Q, Xu W, Wang W, Qiu Z, Ou J, Dong Y, Zhu P, Ren H, He F, Wang M. Expression of human Krüppel-like factor 3 in peripheral blood as a promising biomarker for acute leukemia. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2803-2811. [PMID: 32101374 PMCID: PMC7163096 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Universal gene targets are in persistent demand by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR)‐based methods in acute leukemia (AL) diagnosis and monitoring. Human Krüppel‐like factor 3 (hKLF3), a newly cloned human transcription factor, has proved to be a regulator of hematopoiesis. Methods Sanger sequencing was performed in bone marrow (BM) samples from 17 AL patients for mutations in hKLF3 coding exons. hKLF3 expression in peripheral blood (PB) and BM samples from 45 AL patients was dynamically detected by RT‐qPCR. PB samples from 31 healthy donors were tested as normal controls. Results No mutation was sequenced in hKLF3 coding exons. hKLF3 expression in PB of AL was significantly lower than that in healthy donors [0.30 (0.02‐1.07) vs 1.18 (0.62‐3.37), P < .0001]. Primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibited the least expression values compared with secondary AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses suggested that hKLF3 expression in PB was a good marker for AML diagnosis with an AUC of 0.99 (95% CI 0.98‐1.00) and an optimum cutoff value of 0.67 (sensitivity 93.94% and specificity 93.55%). hKLF3 expression was upregulated significantly when AML patients acquired morphological complete remission (CR), and the level of hKLF3 seemed to be higher in patients with deeper CR than in patients with minimal residual disease (MRD). Paired PB and BM samples showed highly consistent alteration in hKLF3 expression (r = .6533, P = .001). Besides, a significantly converse correlation between decreased hKLF3 expression in PB and markers for leukemic load was observed. Conclusions hKLF3 expression in PB may act as a potential marker for AL diagnosis and monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yan
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Xu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinan Cen
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Ou
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Dong
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyun Ren
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mangju Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Hinge A, He J, Bartram J, Javier J, Xu J, Fjellman E, Sesaki H, Li T, Yu J, Wunderlich M, Mulloy J, Kofron M, Salomonis N, Grimes HL, Filippi MD. Asymmetrically Segregated Mitochondria Provide Cellular Memory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Replicative History and Drive HSC Attrition. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:420-430.e6. [PMID: 32059807 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic requirements of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) change with their cell cycle activity. However, the underlying role of mitochondria remains ill-defined. Here we found that, after mitochondrial activation with replication, HSCs irreversibly remodel the mitochondrial network and that this network is not repaired after HSC re-entry into quiescence, contrary to hematopoietic progenitors. HSCs keep and accumulate dysfunctional mitochondria through asymmetric segregation during active division. Mechanistically, mitochondria aggregate and depolarize after stress because of loss of activity of the mitochondrial fission regulator Drp1 onto mitochondria. Genetic and pharmacological studies indicate that inactivation of Drp1 causes loss of HSC regenerative potential while maintaining HSC quiescence. Molecularly, HSCs carrying dysfunctional mitochondria can re-enter quiescence but fail to synchronize the transcriptional control of core cell cycle and metabolic components in subsequent division. Thus, loss of fidelity of mitochondrial morphology and segregation is one type of HSC divisional memory and drives HSC attrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Hinge
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jingyi He
- Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - James Bartram
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jose Javier
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Juying Xu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ellen Fjellman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tingyu Li
- Child Nutrition Research Center in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Kofron
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Braganza A, Annarapu GK, Shiva S. Blood-based bioenergetics: An emerging translational and clinical tool. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100835. [PMID: 31864667 PMCID: PMC7031032 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies demonstrate that mitochondrial genetics and function are central to determining the susceptibility to, and prognosis of numerous diseases across all organ systems. Despite this recognition, mitochondrial function remains poorly characterized in humans primarily due to the invasiveness of obtaining viable tissue for mitochondrial studies. Recent studies have begun to test the hypothesis that circulating blood cells, which can be obtained by minimally invasive methodology, can be utilized as a biomarker of systemic bioenergetic function in human populations. Here we present the available methodologies for assessing blood cell bioenergetics and review studies that have applied these techniques to healthy and disease populations. We focus on the validation of this methodology in healthy subjects, as well as studies testing whether blood cell bioenergetics are altered in disease, correlate with clinical parameters, and compare with other methodology for assessing human mitochondrial function. Finally, we present the challenges and goals for the development of this emerging approach into a tool for translational research and personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Braganza
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gowtham K Annarapu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine (C3M), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Koschade SE, Brandts CH. Selective Autophagy in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:261-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
120
|
Wierenga ATJ, Cunningham A, Erdem A, Lopera NV, Brouwers-Vos AZ, Pruis M, Mulder AB, Günther UL, Martens JHA, Vellenga E, Schuringa JJ. HIF1/2-exerted control over glycolytic gene expression is not functionally relevant for glycolysis in human leukemic stem/progenitor cells. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:11. [PMID: 31890203 PMCID: PMC6935105 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-019-0206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)1 and 2 are transcription factors that regulate the homeostatic response to low oxygen conditions. Since data related to the importance of HIF1 and 2 in hematopoietic stem and progenitors is conflicting, we investigated the chromatin binding profiles of HIF1 and HIF2 and linked that to transcriptional networks and the cellular metabolic state. Methods Genome-wide ChIPseq and ChIP-PCR experiments were performed to identify HIF1 and HIF2 binding sites in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and healthy CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Transcriptome studies were performed to identify gene expression changes induced by hypoxia or by overexpression of oxygen-insensitive HIF1 and HIF2 mutants. Metabolism studies were performed by 1D-NMR, and glucose consumption and lactate production levels were determined by spectrophotometric enzyme assays. CRISPR-CAS9-mediated HIF1, HIF2, and ARNT-/- lines were generated to study the functional consequences upon loss of HIF signaling, in vitro and in vivo upon transplantation of knockout lines in xenograft mice. Results Genome-wide ChIP-seq and transcriptome studies revealed that overlapping HIF1- and HIF2-controlled loci were highly enriched for various processes including metabolism, particularly glucose metabolism, but also for chromatin organization, cellular response to stress and G protein-coupled receptor signaling. ChIP-qPCR validation studies confirmed that glycolysis-related genes but not genes related to the TCA cycle or glutaminolysis were controlled by both HIF1 and HIF2 in leukemic cell lines and primary AMLs, while in healthy human CD34+ cells these loci were predominantly controlled by HIF1 and not HIF2. However, and in contrast to our initial hypotheses, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of HIF signaling did not affect growth, internal metabolite concentrations, glucose consumption or lactate production under hypoxia, not even in vivo upon transplantation of knockout cells into xenograft mice. Conclusion These data indicate that, while HIFs exert control over glycolysis but not OxPHOS gene expression in human leukemic cells, this is not critically important for their metabolic state. In contrast, inhibition of BCR-ABL did impact on glucose consumption and lactate production regardless of the presence of HIFs. These data indicate that oncogene-mediated control over glycolysis can occur independently of hypoxic signaling modules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albertus T J Wierenga
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Cunningham
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | - Ayşegül Erdem
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | | | - Annet Z Brouwers-Vos
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | - Maurien Pruis
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | - André B Mulder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L Günther
- 3Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joost H A Martens
- 4Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| | - Jan Jacob Schuringa
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9700RB The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Kim HG, Huang M, Xin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang G, Liu S, Wan J, Ahmadi AR, Sun Z, Liangpunsakul S, Xiong X, Dong XC. The epigenetic regulator SIRT6 protects the liver from alcohol-induced tissue injury by reducing oxidative stress in mice. J Hepatol 2019; 71:960-969. [PMID: 31295533 PMCID: PMC6801027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS As a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase and a key epigenetic regulator, sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been implicated in the regulation of metabolism, DNA repair, and inflammation. However, the role of SIRT6 in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of SIRT6 in ALD pathogenesis. METHODS We developed and characterized Sirt6 knockout (KO) and transgenic mouse models that were treated with either control or ethanol diet. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress were analyzed using biochemical and histological methods. Gene regulation was analyzed by luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS The Sirt6 KO mice developed severe liver injury characterized by a remarkable increase of oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas the Sirt6 transgenic mice were protected from ALD via normalization of hepatic lipids, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. Our molecular analysis has identified a number of novel Sirt6-regulated genes that are involved in antioxidative stress, including metallothionein 1 and 2 (Mt1 and Mt2). Mt1/2 genes were downregulated in the livers of Sirt6 KO mice and patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Overexpression of Mt1 in the liver of Sirt6 KO mice improved ALD by reducing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. We also identified a critical link between SIRT6 and metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (Mtf1) via a physical interaction and functional coactivation. Mt1/2 promoter reporter assays showed a strong synergistic effect of SIRT6 on the transcriptional activity of Mtf1. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that SIRT6 plays a critical protective role against ALD and it may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ALD. LAY SUMMARY The liver, the primary organ for ethanol metabolism, can be damaged by the byproducts of ethanol metabolism, including reactive oxygen species. In this study, we have identified a key epigenetic regulator SIRT6 that plays a critical role in protecting the liver from oxidative stress-induced liver injury. Thus, our data suggest that SIRT6 may be a potential therapeutic target for alcohol-related liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Geug Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Menghao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Yue Xin
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P.R. China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Integrative Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Xinge Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P.R. China,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Integrative Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, P.R. China
| | - Gaihong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Center of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Ali Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Xiwen Xiong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Integrative Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China.
| | - Xiaocheng Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Kreiter J, Rupprecht A, Zimmermann L, Moschinger M, Rokitskaya TI, Antonenko YN, Gille L, Fedorova M, Pohl EE. Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Pharmacological Effects of Genipin on Mitochondrial Proteins. Biophys J 2019; 117:1845-1857. [PMID: 31706565 PMCID: PMC7031773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genipin, a natural compound from Gardenia jasminoides, is a well-known compound in Chinese medicine that is used for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and diabetes. The use of genipin in classical medicine is hindered because of its unknown molecular mechanisms of action apart from its strong cross-linking ability. Genipin is increasingly applied as a specific inhibitor of proton transport mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). However, its specificity for UCP2 is questionable, and the underlying mechanism behind its action is unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of genipin in different systems, including neuroblastoma cells, isolated mitochondria, isolated mitochondrial proteins, and planar lipid bilayer membranes reconstituted with recombinant proteins. We revealed that genipin activated dicarboxylate carrier and decreased the activity of UCP1, UCP3, and complex III of the respiratory chain alongside with UCP2 inhibition. Based on competitive inhibition experiments, the use of amino acid blockers, and site-directed mutagenesis of UCP1, we propose a mechanism of genipin’s action on UCPs. At low concentrations, genipin binds to arginine residues located in the UCP funnel, which leads to a decrease in UCP’s proton transporting function in the presence of long chain fatty acids. At concentrations above 200 μM, the inhibitory action of genipin on UCPs is overlaid by increased nonspecific membrane conductance due to the formation of protein-genipin aggregates. Understanding the concentration-dependent mechanism of genipin action in cells will allow its targeted application as a drug in the above-mentioned diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kreiter
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Rupprecht
- Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Lars Zimmermann
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Moschinger
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatyana I Rokitskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri N Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lars Gille
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena E Pohl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
PPM1K Regulates Hematopoiesis and Leukemogenesis through CDC20-Mediated Ubiquitination of MEIS1 and p21. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1461-1475. [PMID: 29719258 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to acting as building blocks for biosynthesis, amino acids might serve as signaling regulators in various physiological and pathological processes. However, it remains unknown whether amino acid levels affect the activities of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). By using a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor of the intracellular levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), we could monitor the dynamics of BCAA metabolism in HSCs. A mitochondrial-targeted 2C-type Ser/Thr protein phosphatase (PPM1K) promotes the catabolism of BCAAs to maintain MEIS1 and p21 levels by decreasing the ubiquitination-mediated degradation controlled by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CDC20. PPM1K deficiency led to a notable decrease in MEIS1/p21 signaling to reduce the glycolysis and quiescence of HSCs, followed by a severe impairment in repopulation activities. Moreover, the deletion of Ppm1k dramatically extended survival in a murine leukemia model. These findings will enhance the current understanding of nutrient signaling in metabolism and function of stem cells.
Collapse
|
124
|
Coller HA. The paradox of metabolism in quiescent stem cells. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2817-2839. [PMID: 31531979 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The shift between a proliferating and a nonproliferating state is associated with significant changes in metabolic needs. Proliferating cells tend to have higher metabolic rates, and their metabolic profiles facilitate biosynthesis, as compared to those of nondividing cells of the same sort. Recent studies have elucidated specific molecules that control metabolic changes while cells shift between proliferation and quiescence. Embryonic stem cells, which are rapidly proliferating, tend to have metabolic patterns that are similar to those of nonstem cells in a proliferative state. Moreover, although adult stem cells tend to be quiescent, their metabolic profiles have been reported in multiple organs to more closely resemble those of proliferating than those of nondividing cells in some respects. The findings raise questions about whether there are metabolic profiles that are required for stemness, and whether these profiles relate to the metabolic properties that may be required for quiescence. Here, we review the literature on how metabolism changes upon commitment to proliferation and compare the proliferating and nonproliferating metabolic states of differentiated cells and embryonic and adult stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Mattes K, Vellenga E, Schepers H. Differential redox-regulation and mitochondrial dynamics in normal and leukemic hematopoietic stem cells: A potential window for leukemia therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 144:102814. [PMID: 31593878 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor, mainly due to disease relapse driven by leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Recent studies have highlighted the unique metabolic properties of LSCs, which might represent opportunities for LSC-selective targeting. LSCs characteristically have low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which apparently result from a combination of low mitochondrial activity and high activity of ROS-removing pathways such as autophagy. Due to this low activity, LSCs are highly dependent on mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms. These include the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, which also has crucial roles in regulating the mitochondrial membrane potential, and proteins involved in mitophagy. Here we review the different pathways that impact mitochondrial activity and redox-regulation, and highlight their relevance for the functionality of both HSCs and LSCs. Additionally, novel AML therapy strategies that are based on interference with those pathways, including the promising BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax, are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mattes
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hein Schepers
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Abstract
Mitochondria are considered highly plastic organelles. This plasticity enables the mitochondria to undergo morphological and functional changes in response to cellular demands. Stem cells also need to remain functionally plastic (i.e. to have the ability to "decide" whether to remain quiescent or to undergo activation upon signaling cues to support tissue function and homeostasis). Mitochondrial plasticity is thought to enable this reshaping of stem cell functions, integrating signaling cues with stem cell outcomes. Indeed, recent evidence highlights the crucial role of maintaining mitochondrial plasticity for stem cell biology. For example, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites generated and metabolized in the mitochondria serve as cofactors for epigenetic enzymes, thereby coupling mitochondrial metabolism and transcriptional regulation. Another layer of mitochondrial plasticity has emerged, pointing toward mitochondrial dynamics in regulating stem cell fate decisions. Imposing imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics by manipulating the expression levels of the key molecular regulators of this process influences cellular outcomes by changing the nuclear transcriptional program. Moreover, reactive oxygen species have also been shown to play an important role in regulating transcriptional profiles in stem cells. In this review, we focus on recent findings demonstrating that mitochondria are essential regulators of stem cell activation and fate decisions. We also discuss the suggested mechanisms and alternative routes for mitochondria-to-nucleus communications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bahat
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Atan Gross
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are considered to originate from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros, migrate into fetal liver for a rapid expansion, and eventually reside into a unique hypoxic bone marrow niche, where they maintain their homeostasis throughout their life span. HSCs have been widely used for the treatment of many begin or malignant hematopoietic disorders. However, the unavailability of sufficient amount of HSCs still impedes their applications in the clinic. It is urgent to understand how HSC stemness or cell fates are determined at different developmental stages. Although many intrinsic and extrinsic factors (niche components) have been identified in the regulation of HSC origination, expansion, migration, and localization, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this article, we summarize current views on the metabolic profiles of HSCs and related regulatory networks, which shows that intrinsic metabolic regulation may be critical for the cell fate determinations of HSCs: HSCs utilize glycolysis as their major energy sources; mitochondrial respiration is also required for the homeostasis of HSCs; amino acids, lipids, or other nutrient metabolisms also have unique roles in sustaining HSC activities. Mechanistically, many important regulatory pathways, such as MEIS1/HIF1A, MYC, PPM1K/CDC20, and ROS signals, are identified to fine-tune the nutrient metabolisms and cell fate commitments in HSCs. Nevertheless, more effort is required for the optimization or establishment of sensitive and specific metabolic techniques/systems for the metabolism studies in HSCs with limited cell numbers and exploring the metabolic profiles and fundamental regulatory mechanisms of different types of nutrients at each developmental stage of HSCs.
Collapse
|
128
|
Morganti C, Bonora M, Ito K, Ito K. Electron transport chain complex II sustains high mitochondrial membrane potential in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2019; 40:101573. [PMID: 31539857 PMCID: PMC6802285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in the fate determination of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is not solely limited to the switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, but also involves alterations in mitochondrial features and properties, including mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmt). HSPCs have a high ΔΨmt even when the rates of respiration and phosphorylation are low, and we have previously shown that the minimum proton flow through ATP synthesis (or complex V) enables high ΔΨmt in HSPCs. Here we show that HSPCs sustain a unique equilibrium between electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and ATP production. HSPCs exhibit high expression of ETC complex II, which sustains complex III in proton pumping, although the expression levels of complex I or V are relatively low. Complex II inhibition by TTFA caused a substantial decrease of ΔΨmt, particularly in HSPCs, while the inhibition of complex I by Rotenone mainly affected mature populations. Functionally, pharmacological inhibition of complex II reduced in vitro colony-replating capacity but this was not observed when complex I was inhibited, which supports the distinct roles of complex I and II in HSPCs. Taken together, these data highlight complex II as a key regulator of ΔΨmt in HSPCs and open new and interesting questions regarding the precise mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial control to maintain hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Morganti
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, USA; Department of Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, USA.
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, USA; Department of Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, USA.
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, USA; Department of Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, USA.
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, USA; Department of Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Rodriguez AM, Nakhle J, Griessinger E, Vignais ML. Intercellular mitochondria trafficking highlighting the dual role of mesenchymal stem cells as both sensors and rescuers of tissue injury. Cell Cycle 2019; 17:712-721. [PMID: 29582715 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1445906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that not only regulate the energy metabolism, but also the survival and fate of eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria were recently discovered to be able to translocate from one cell to the other. This phenomenon was observed in vitro and in vivo, both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions including tissue injury and cancer. Mitochondria trafficking was found to exert prominent biological functions. In particular, several studies pointed out that this process governs some of the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this review, we give an overview of the current knowledge on MSC-dependent intercellular mitochondria trafficking and further discuss the recent findings on the intercellular mitochondria transfer between differentiated and mesenchymal stem cells, their biological significance and the mechanisms underlying this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Rodriguez
- a Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC , Créteil , France
| | - Jean Nakhle
- b Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS , Montpellier , France
| | - Emmanuel Griessinger
- c Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M). Team 4 Leukemia: Molecular addictions, Resistances and Leukemic Stem Cells
| | - Marie-Luce Vignais
- d Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM , France
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Ex vivo human HSC expansion requires coordination of cellular reprogramming with mitochondrial remodeling and p53 activation. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2766-2779. [PMID: 30348672 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in umbilical cord blood (UCB) units restricts their use for stem cell transplantation. Ex vivo treatment of UCB-CD34+ cells with valproic acid (VPA) increases the number of transplantable HSCs. In this study, we demonstrate that HSC expansion is not merely a result of proliferation of the existing stem cells but, rather, a result of a rapid reprogramming of CD34+CD90- cells into CD34+CD90+ cells, which is accompanied by limited numbers of cell divisions. Beyond this phenotypic switch, the treated cells acquire and retain a transcriptomic and mitochondrial profile, reminiscent of primary HSCs. Single and bulk RNA-seq revealed a signature highly enriched for transcripts characteristic of primary HSCs. The acquisition of this HSC signature is linked to mitochondrial remodeling accompanied by a reduced activity and enhanced glycolytic potential. These events act in concert with a modest upregulation of p53 activity to limit the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of either glycolysis or p53 activity impairs HSC expansion. This study indicates that a complex interplay of events is required for effective ex vivo expansion of UCB-HSCs.
Collapse
|
131
|
Kreitz J, Schönfeld C, Seibert M, Stolp V, Alshamleh I, Oellerich T, Steffen B, Schwalbe H, Schnütgen F, Kurrle N, Serve H. Metabolic Plasticity of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cells 2019; 8:E805. [PMID: 31370337 PMCID: PMC6721808 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common and life-threatening leukemias. A highly diverse and flexible metabolism contributes to the aggressiveness of the disease that is still difficult to treat. By using different sources of nutrients for energy and biomass supply, AML cells gain metabolic plasticity and rapidly outcompete normal hematopoietic cells. This review aims to decipher the diverse metabolic strategies and the underlying oncogenic and environmental changes that sustain continuous growth, mediate redox homeostasis and induce drug resistance in AML. We revisit Warburg's hypothesis and illustrate the role of glucose as a provider of cellular building blocks rather than as a supplier of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for energy production. We discuss how the diversity of fuels for the TCA cycle, including glutamine and fatty acids, contributes to the metabolic plasticity of the disease and highlight the roles of amino acids and lipids in AML metabolism. Furthermore, we point out the potential of the different metabolic effectors to be used as novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kreitz
- Department of Medicine 2, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Schönfeld
- Department of Medicine 2, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Seibert
- Department of Medicine 2, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Stolp
- Department of Medicine 2, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Islam Alshamleh
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Department of Medicine 2, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Björn Steffen
- Department of Medicine 2, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Medicine 2, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- Department of Medicine 2, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Medicine 2, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Panigrahi DP, Praharaj PP, Bhol CS, Mahapatra KK, Patra S, Behera BP, Mishra SR, Bhutia SK. The emerging, multifaceted role of mitophagy in cancer and cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 66:45-58. [PMID: 31351198 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process which selectively eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria by targeting them to the autophagosome for degradation. Dysregulated mitophagy results in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The role of mitophagy receptors and adaptors including PINK1, Parkin, BNIP3, BNIP3L/NIX, and p62/SQSTM1, and the signaling pathways that govern mitophagy are impaired in cancer. Furthermore, the contribution of mitophagy in regulating the metabolic switch may establish a balance between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation for cancer cell survival. Moreover, ROS-driven mitophagy achieves different goals depending on the stage of tumorigenesis. Mitophagy promotes plasticity in the cancer stem cell through the metabolic reconfiguration for better adaption to the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the present review sheds some light on the role of mitophagy in stemness and differentiation during the transition of cell's fate, which could have a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis. In conclusion, this review deals with the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy, along with highlighting the dual role of mitophagy in different aspects of cancer, suggesting it as a possible target in the mitophagy-modulated cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debasna P Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Chandra S Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal K Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu P Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya R Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Lampert MA, Gustafsson ÅB. Mitochondria and autophagy in adult stem cells: proliferate or differentiate. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:355-362. [PMID: 31313217 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are found in many different tissues after development. They are responsible for regenerating and repairing tissues after injury, as well as replacing cells when needed. Adult stem cells maintain a delicate balance between self-renewal to prevent depletion of the stem cell pool and differentiation to continually replenish downstream lineages. The important role of mitochondria in generating energy, calcium storage and regulating cell death is well established. However, new research has linked mitochondria to stem cell maintenance and fate. In addition, efficient mitochondrial quality control is critical for stem cell homeostasis to ensure their long-term survival in tissues. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence linking mitochondrial function, remodeling and turnover via autophagy to regulation of adult stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lampert
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0751, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0751, USA
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0751, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0751, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Tümpel S, Rudolph KL. Quiescence: Good and Bad of Stem Cell Aging. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:672-685. [PMID: 31248787 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are required for lifelong homeostasis and regeneration of tissues and organs in mammals, but the function of stem cells declines during aging. To preserve stem cells during life, they are kept in a quiescent state with low metabolic and low proliferative activity. However, activation of quiescent stem cells - an essential process for organ homeostasis/regeneration - requires concerted and faithful regulation of multiple molecular circuits controlling biosynthetic processes, repair mechanisms, and metabolic activity. Thus, while protecting stem cell maintenance, quiescence comes at the cost of vulnerability during the process of stem cell activation. Here we discuss molecular and biochemical processes regulating stem cells' maintenance in and exit from quiescence and how age-related failures of these circuits can contribute to organism aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tümpel
- Research Group on Stem Cell Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Research Group on Stem Cell Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Yang Z, Shah K, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Jiang H. Control of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Function through Epigenetic Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Genome Integrity. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:61-75. [PMID: 31231026 PMCID: PMC6627005 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains largely unclear how stem cells regulate bioenergetics and genome integrity to ensure tissue homeostasis. Here, our integrative gene analyses suggest that metabolic and genotoxic stresses may underlie the common functional defects of both fetal and adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) upon loss of DPY30, an epigenetic modulator that facilitates H3K4 methylation. DPY30 directly regulates expression of several key glycolytic genes, and its loss in HSPCs critically impaired energy metabolism, including both glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways. We also found significant increase in DNA breaks as a result of impaired DNA repair upon DPY30 loss, and inhibition of DNA damage response partially rescued clonogenicity of the DPY30-deficient HSPCs. Moreover, CDK inhibitor p21 was upregulated in DPY30-deficient HSPCs, and p21 deletion alleviated their functional defect. These results demonstrate that epigenetic mechanisms by H3K4 methylation play a crucial role in HSPC function through control of energy metabolism and protecting genome integrity. DPY30-deficient fetal and adult HSCs are defective in maintenance and differentiation Glycolytic and oxidative metabolism are dysregulated in DPY30-deficient HSCs Increase in DNA damage response contributes to dysfunction of DPY30-deficient HSPCs P21 increase partially mediates dysfunction of DPY30-deficient HSPCs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Kushani Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1340 JPA, Pinn Hall Room 6017, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Papa L, Djedaini M, Hoffman R. Ex vivo HSC expansion challenges the paradigm of unidirectional human hematopoiesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1466:39-50. [PMID: 31199002 PMCID: PMC7216880 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms that determine the behavior of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is essential for developing novel strategies to expand ex vivo the number of fully functional HSCs. In this review, we focus on the complex interplay between intrinsic mechanisms regulated by transcriptional and mitochondrial networks and extrinsic signals imposed by the bone marrow microenvironment, which in concert regulate the balance between HSC self‐renewal and differentiation. Such integrated signaling mechanisms that dictate the fate of HSCs in vivo must be recapitulated ex vivo to achieve successful expansion of clinically relevant HSCs. We also highlight some of the most recent ex vivo HSC expansion strategies that have currently entered clinical development. Finally, based on the evidence reviewed here and lessons learned from ex vivo HSC expansion, we raise some critical questions regarding HSC fate and the cellular plasticity of hematopoietic cells that challenge the unidirectional model of human hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luena Papa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mansour Djedaini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Dhall A, Zee BM, Yan F, Blanco MA. Intersection of Epigenetic and Metabolic Regulation of Histone Modifications in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:432. [PMID: 31192132 PMCID: PMC6540842 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most lethal blood cancers, accounting for close to a quarter of a million annual deaths worldwide. Even though genetically heterogeneous, all AMLs are characterized by two interrelated features—blocked differentiation and high proliferative capacity. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of AML, the treatment of AMLs with chemotherapeutic regimens has remained largely unchanged in the past 30 years. In this review, we will consider the role of two cellular processes, metabolism and epigenetics, in the development and progression of AML and highlight the studies that suggest an interconnection of therapeutic importance between the two. Large-scale whole-exome sequencing of AML patients has revealed the presence of mutations, translocations or duplications in several epigenetic effectors such as DNMT3, MLL, ASXL1, and TET2, often times co-occuring with mutations in metabolic enzymes such as IDH1 and IDH2. These mutations often result in impaired enzymatic activity which leads to an altered epigenetic landscape through dysregulation of chromatin modifications such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation. We will discuss the role of enzymes that are responsible for establishing these modifications, namely histone acetyl transferases (HAT), histone methyl transferases (HMT), demethylases (KDMs), and deacetylases (HDAC), and also highlight the merits and demerits of using inhibitors that target these enzymes. Furthermore, we will tie in the metabolic regulation of co-factors such as acetyl-CoA, SAM, and α-ketoglutarate that are utilized by these enzymes and examine the role of metabolic inhibitors as a treatment option for AML. In doing so, we hope to stimulate interest in this topic and help generate a rationale for the consideration of the combinatorial use of metabolic and epigenetic inhibitors for the treatment of AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Dhall
- Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Barry M Zee
- Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fangxue Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M Andres Blanco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Chapuis N, Poulain L, Birsen R, Tamburini J, Bouscary D. Rationale for Targeting Deregulated Metabolic Pathways as a Therapeutic Strategy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:405. [PMID: 31192118 PMCID: PMC6540604 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a common cancer cell phenotype as it sustains growth and proliferation. Targeting metabolic activities offers a wide range of therapeutic possibilities which are applicable to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Indeed, in addition to the IDH1/2-mutated AML model which established the proof-of-concept for specifically targeting metabolic adaptations in AML, several recent reports have expanded the scope of such strategies in these diseases. This review highlights recent findings on metabolic deregulation in AML and summarizes their implications in leukemogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chapuis
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | - Laury Poulain
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - Rudy Birsen
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - Jerome Tamburini
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Didier Bouscary
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Zheng CX, Sui BD, Qiu XY, Hu CH, Jin Y. Mitochondrial Regulation of Stem Cells in Bone Homeostasis. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:89-104. [PMID: 31126872 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as key contributors to the organismal homeostasis, in which mitochondrial regulation of stem cells is becoming increasingly important. Originated from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) lineage commitments and interactions, bone is a representative organ where the mitochondrial essentiality to stem cell function has most recently been discovered, underlying skeletal health, aging, and diseases. Furthermore, mitochondrial medications based on modulating stem cell specification are emerging to provide promising therapies to counteract bone aging and pathologies. Here we review the cutting-edge knowledge regarding mitochondrial regulation of stem cells in bone homeostasis, highlighting mechanistic insights as well as mitochondrial strategies for augmented bone healing and tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Verovskaya EV, Dellorusso PV, Passegué E. Losing Sense of Self and Surroundings: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging and Leukemic Transformation. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:494-515. [PMID: 31109796 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to functional decline of the hematopoietic system, manifested by an increased incidence of hematological disease in the elderly. Deterioration of hematopoietic integrity with age originates in part from the degraded functionality of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we review recent findings identifying changes in metabolic programs and loss of epigenetic identity as major drivers of old HSC dysfunction and their role in promoting leukemia onset in the context of age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH). We discuss how inflammatory and growth signals from the aged bone marrow (BM) microenvironment contribute to cell-intrinsic HSC aging phenotypes and favor leukemia development. Finally, we address how metabolic, epigenetic, and inflammatory pathways could be targeted to enhance old HSC fitness and prevent leukemic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia V Verovskaya
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paul V Dellorusso
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Metabolic Phenotyping of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Reveals a Unique Signature and Intrinsic Differences between Fat Pads. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9323864. [PMID: 31223312 PMCID: PMC6541987 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9323864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissues are functionally heterogeneous and differently manage the excess of energy supply. While the expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) is protective in obesity, that of visceral adipose tissues (VAT) correlates with the emergence of metabolic diseases. Maintained in fat pads throughout life, adipose stem cells (ASC) are mesenchymal-like stem cells with adipogenesis and multipotent differentiation potential. ASC from distinct fat pads have long been reported to present distinct proliferation and differentiation potentials that are maintained in culture, yet the origins of these intrinsic differences are still unknown. Metabolism is central to stem cell fate decision in line with environmental changes. In this study, we performed high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic analyses of ASC culture supernatants in order to characterize their metabolic phenotype in culture. We identified and quantified 29 ASC exometabolites and evaluated their consumption or secretion over 72 h of cell culture. Both ASC used glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, as evidenced by the high secretions of lactate and citrate, respectively, but V-ASC mostly used glycolysis. By varying the composition of the cell culture medium, we showed that glutaminolysis, rather than glycolysis, supported the secretion of pyruvate, alanine, and citrate, evidencing a peculiar metabolism in ASC cells. The comparison of the two types of ASC in glutamine-free culture conditions also revealed the role of glutaminolysis in the limitation of pyruvate routing towards the lactate synthesis, in S-ASC but not in V-ASC. Altogether, our results suggest a difference between depots in the capacity of ASC mitochondria to assimilate pyruvate, with probable consequences on their differentiation potential in pathways requiring an increased mitochondrial activity. These results highlight a pivotal role of metabolic mechanisms in the discrimination between ASC and provide new perspectives in the understanding of their functional differences.
Collapse
|
142
|
Pohl EE, Rupprecht A, Macher G, Hilse KE. Important Trends in UCP3 Investigation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:470. [PMID: 31133866 PMCID: PMC6524716 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), a member of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein family, was discovered in 1997. UCP3's properties, such as its high homology to other mitochondrial carriers, especially to UCP2, its short lifetime and low specificity of UCP3 antibodies, have hindered progress in understanding its biological function and transport mechanism over decades. The abundance of UCP3 is highest in murine brown adipose tissue (BAT, 15.0 pmol/mg protein), compared to heart (2.7 pmol/mg protein) and the gastrocnemius muscle (1.7 pmol/mg protein), but it is still 400-fold lower than the abundance of UCP1, a biomarker for BAT. Investigation of UCP3 reconstituted in planar bilayer membranes revealed that it transports protons only when activated by fatty acids (FA). Although purine nucleotides (PN) inhibit UCP3-mediated transport, the molecular mechanism differs from that of UCP1. It remains a conundrum that two homologous proton-transporting proteins exist within the same tissue. Recently, we proposed that UCP3 abundance directly correlates with the degree of FA β-oxidation in cell metabolism. Further development in this field implies that UCP3 may have dual function in transporting substrates, which have yet to be identified, alongside protons. Evaluation of the literature with respect to UCP3 is a complex task because (i) UCP3 features are often extrapolated from its "twin" UCP2 without additional proof, and (ii) the specificity of antibodies against UCP3 used in studies is rarely evaluated. In this review, we primarily focus on recent findings obtained for UCP3 in biological and biomimetic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena E. Pohl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Rupprecht
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gabriel Macher
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina E. Hilse
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Watanuki S, Kobayashi H, Sorimachi Y, Yamamoto M, Okamoto S, Takubo K. ATP turnover and glucose dependency in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are increased by proliferation and differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:287-294. [PMID: 31030941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are quiescent cells in the bone marrow niche and are relatively dependent on glycolytic ATP production. On the other hand, differentiated cells, including hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), preferentially generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. However, it is unclear how cellular differentiation and the cell cycle status affect nutritional requirements and ATP production in HSCs and HPCs. Using a newly developed culture system, we demonstrated that survival of HPCs was strongly dependent on glucose, whereas quiescent HSCs survived for a certain duration without glucose. Among HPCs, granulocyte/monocyte progenitors (GMPs) were particularly dependent on glucose during proliferation. By monitoring the ATP concentration in live cells, we demonstrated that the ATP level was maintained for a short duration without glucose in HSCs, possibly due to their metabolic flexibility. In addition, HSCs exhibited low ATP turnover, whereas HPCs including GMPs demonstrated high ATP turnover and required efficient ATP production from glucose. These findings show that ATP turnover and nutritional requirements differ between HSCs and HPCs according to the cell cycle and differentiation status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Watanuki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Sorimachi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yang
- Cancer Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Kumamoto University, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Delás MJ, Jackson BT, Kovacevic T, Vangelisti S, Munera Maravilla E, Wild SA, Stork EM, Erard N, Knott SRV, Hannon GJ. lncRNA Spehd Regulates Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Is Required for Multilineage Differentiation. Cell Rep 2019; 27:719-729.e6. [PMID: 30995471 PMCID: PMC6484780 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) show patterns of tissue- and cell type-specific expression that are very similar to those of protein coding genes and consequently have the potential to control stem and progenitor cell fate decisions along a differentiation trajectory. To understand the roles that lncRNAs may play in hematopoiesis, we selected a subset of mouse lncRNAs with potentially relevant expression patterns and refined our candidate list using evidence of conserved expression in human blood lineages. For each candidate, we assessed its possible role in hematopoietic differentiation in vivo using competitive transplantation. Our studies identified two lncRNAs that were required for hematopoiesis. One of these, Spehd, showed defective multilineage differentiation, and its silencing yielded common myeloid progenitors that are deficient in their oxidative phosphorylation pathway. This effort not only suggests that lncRNAs can contribute to differentiation decisions during hematopoiesis but also provides a path toward the identification of functional lncRNAs in other differentiation hierarchies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Joaquina Delás
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Watson School of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
| | - Benjamin T Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Tatjana Kovacevic
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Silvia Vangelisti
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ester Munera Maravilla
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sophia A Wild
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Eva Maria Stork
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Nicolas Erard
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Simon R V Knott
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Watson School of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Watson School of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Hori S, Hiramuki Y, Nishimura D, Sato F, Sehara-Fujisawa A. PDH‐mediated metabolic flow is critical for skeletal muscle stem cell differentiation and myotube formation during regeneration in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:8094-8109. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802479r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Hori
- Department of Growth RegulationInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yosuke Hiramuki
- Department of Growth RegulationInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Human Biology DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle Washington USA
| | - Daigo Nishimura
- Department of Growth RegulationInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Fuminori Sato
- Department of Growth RegulationInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Atsuko Sehara-Fujisawa
- Department of Growth RegulationInstitute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto University Kyoto Japan
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Ni F, Yu WM, Wang X, Fay ME, Young KM, Qiu Y, Lam WA, Sulchek TA, Cheng T, Scadden DT, Qu CK. Ptpn21 Controls Hematopoietic Stem Cell Homeostasis and Biomechanics. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:608-620.e6. [PMID: 30880025 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence is a tightly regulated process crucial for hematopoietic regeneration, which requires a healthy and supportive microenvironmental niche within the bone marrow (BM). Here, we show that deletion of Ptpn21, a protein tyrosine phosphatase highly expressed in HSCs, induces stem cell egress from the niche due to impaired retention within the BM. Ptpn21-/- HSCs exhibit enhanced mobility, decreased quiescence, increased apoptosis, and defective reconstitution capacity. Ptpn21 deletion also decreased HSC stiffness and increased physical deformability, in part by dephosphorylating Spetin1 (Tyr246), a poorly described component of the cytoskeleton. Elevated phosphorylation of Spetin1 in Ptpn21-/- cells impaired cytoskeletal remodeling, contributed to cortical instability, and decreased cell rigidity. Collectively, these findings show that Ptpn21 maintains cellular mechanics, which is correlated with its important functions in HSC niche retention and preservation of hematopoietic regeneration capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wen-Mei Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Meredith E Fay
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Katherine M Young
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yongzhi Qiu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Todd A Sulchek
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Relevance of Oxygen Concentration in Stem Cell Culture for Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051195. [PMID: 30857245 PMCID: PMC6429522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The key hallmark of stem cells is their ability to self-renew while keeping a differentiation potential. Intrinsic and extrinsic cell factors may contribute to a decline in these stem cell properties, and this is of the most importance when culturing them. One of these factors is oxygen concentration, which has been closely linked to the maintenance of stemness. The widely used environmental 21% O2 concentration represents a hyperoxic non-physiological condition, which can impair stem cell behaviour by many mechanisms. The goal of this review is to understand these mechanisms underlying the oxygen signalling pathways and their negatively-associated consequences. This may provide a rationale for culturing stem cells under physiological oxygen concentration for stem cell therapy success, in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
149
|
Tijaro-Ovalle NM, Karantanos T, Wang HT, Boussiotis VA. Metabolic Targets for Improvement of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:295. [PMID: 30891031 PMCID: PMC6411635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of the adaptive immune system against malignancies, both by immune-based therapies to activate T cells in vivo to attack cancer and by T-cell therapies to transfer effector cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) to the cancer patient, represent major novel therapeutic advancements in oncologic therapy. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT) is a form of cell-based therapy, which replaces the HSC in the patient's bone marrow but also serves as a T-cell therapy due to the Graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect mediated by donor T cells transferred with the graft. Allogeneic HSCT provides one potentially curative option to patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia but Graft-vs.-Host-Disease (GVHD) is the main cause of non-relapse mortality and limits the therapeutic benefit of allogeneic HSCT. Metabolism is a common cellular feature and has a key role in the differentiation and function of T cells during the immune response. Naïve T cells and memory T cells that mediate GVHD and GVL, respectively, utilize distinct metabolic programs to obtain their immunological and functional specification. Thus, metabolic targets that mediate immunosuppression might differentially affect the functional program of GVHD-mediating or GVL-mediating T cells. Components of the innate immune system that are indispensable for the activation of alloreactive T cells are also subjected to metabolism-dependent regulation. Metabolic alterations have also been implicated in the resistance to chemotherapy and survival of malignant cells such as leukemia and lymphoma, which are targeted by GVL-mediating T cells. Development of novel approaches to inhibit the activation of GVHD-specific naïve T cell but maintain the function of GVL-specific memory T cells will have a major impact on the therapeutic benefit of HSCT. Here, we will highlight the importance of metabolism on the function of GVHD-inducing and GVL-inducing alloreactive T cells as well as on antigen presenting cells (APC), which are required for presentation of host antigens. We will also analyze the metabolic alterations involved in the leukemogenesis which could differentiate leukemia initiating cells from normal HSC, providing potential therapeutic opportunities. Finally, we will discuss the immuno-metabolic effects of key drugs that might be repurposed for metabolic management of GVHD without compromising GVL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Tijaro-Ovalle
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Theodoros Karantanos
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hong-Tao Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Ni F, Yu WM, Li Z, Graham DK, Jin L, Kang S, Rossi MR, Li S, Broxmeyer HE, Qu CK. Critical role of ASCT2-mediated amino acid metabolism in promoting leukaemia development and progression. Nat Metab 2019; 1:390-403. [PMID: 31535081 PMCID: PMC6750232 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) metabolism is involved in diverse cellular functions, including cell survival and growth, however it remains unclear how it regulates normal hematopoiesis versus leukemogenesis. Here, we report that knockout of Slc1a5 (ASCT2), a transporter of neutral AAs, especially glutamine, results in mild to moderate defects in bone marrow and mature blood cell development under steady state conditions. In contrast, constitutive or induced deletion of Slc1a5 decreases leukemia initiation and maintenance driven by the oncogene MLL-AF9 or Pten deficiency. Survival of leukemic mice is prolonged following Slc1a5 deletion, and pharmacological inhibition of ASCT2 also decreases leukemia development and progression in xenograft models of human acute myeloid leukemia. Mechanistically, loss of ASCT2 generates a global effect on cellular metabolism, disrupts leucine influx and mTOR signaling, and induces apoptosis in leukemic cells. Given the substantial difference in reliance on ASCT2-mediated AA metabolism between normal and malignant blood cells, this in vivo study suggests ASCT2 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wen-Mei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Douglas K Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael R Rossi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shiyong Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|