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Fu Z, Zhang H, Zeng Z, Ning F, Xu Z, Liu C, Zhang M, Hu P. A pre-column derivatization high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids in a fecal sample. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200671. [PMID: 36285380 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids have plentiful biological functions, which play a crucial role in the diagnosis and therapy of many diseases. Herein, a new method for simultaneous quantifying 17 short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ultraviolet detector was developed and the pre-column derivatization by indole-3-acetic acid hydrazide was performed to improve the separation and detection. The conditions of the derivatization reaction were systematically investigated. Subsequently, the method was validated and the results showed a satisfactory linearity (linear regression coefficients > 0.9969), the limit of detection (4.0×10-3 -1.9×10-2 μmol/L), precision (0.9%-7.3% for intra-day and 2.0%-9.8% for inter-day), recovery (90.0%-109.1% with relative standard deviation <7.7%) and stability (0.1%-3.3% for standard solution and 0.2%-3.9% for fecal sample). Finally, the established method was successfully applied to quantify short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids in the feces of healthy control and diabetic rats. Eleven kinds of short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids were detected and six of them showed a significant difference between the control group and the model group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenesis, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Fanghong Ning
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- China Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Chi Y, Wu Z, Du C, Zhang M, Wang X, Xie A, Wang P, Li R. Regulatory effects mediated by ulvan oligosaccharide and its zinc complex on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 300:120249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cryptosporidium infection induced the dropping of SCFAS and dysbiosis in intestinal microbiome of Tibetan pigs. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105922. [PMID: 36462579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The infection of Cryptosporidium in pigs causes digestive system ailments, diarrhea and weight loss serving as an economic burden, especially in newborn animals. The bacterial fermentation products of short-chain fatty acids have important roles in immune function, microbiota regulation, osmotic balance and metabolism. However, till now little knowledge is available about the effect of Cryptosporidium infection on microbiota and SCFAs in plateau pigs. Hence, we performed this study to explore the response of microbiota and SCFAs in the natural infection of Cryptosporidium in Tibetan pigs. Cryptosporidium positive (infected, G) and negative samples (healthy, J) in our previous study were used for high throughputsequencing and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer analysis. Over 81 000 and 74 000 filtered sequences were detected in healthy and infected Tibetan pigs, respectively. Lower sample richness and evenness were observed in Cryptosporidium infection, as alpha diversity analysis found that chao1 (p < 0.05), faith_pd (p < 0.05), and observed_features in group G were significantly lower than pigs in group J. A total of 4 and 27 significant different phyla and genera were found between group G and J. The changed genera were Psychrobacter, Desemzia, Succiniclasticum, Treponema, Campylobacter, Atopobium, Olsenella, Pediococcus, Peptococcus, Sharpea, Desulfovibrio, Acinetobacter, Rhodococcus, Anaerostipes, Turicibacter, Lactobacillus, RFN20, Phascolarctobacterium, Roseburia, Megasphaera, Streptococcus, Blautia, Lachnospira, rc4_4, Gemmiger, Dorea, Oribacterium and Prevotella, which affected the microbiota functions with 360 abundance changed enzymes, and pathways in L1, L2 and L3 levels of KEGG. The concentration of acetic acid (p < 0.01), butyric acid (p < 0.05) and caproic acid (p < 0.01) were lower in group G. In conclusion, the present study herein uncovered that the host responses to Cryptosporidium infection in Tibetan pigs with 27 of significantly changed genera decreased SCFAs in pigs, which may provide insights in further developing novel therapy against this protozoan.
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Church JS, Bannish JAM, Adrian LA, Rojas Martinez K, Henshaw A, Schwartzer JJ. Serum short chain fatty acids mediate hippocampal BDNF and correlate with decreasing neuroinflammation following high pectin fiber diet in mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1134080. [PMID: 37123365 PMCID: PMC10130583 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1134080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dietary components, such as prebiotic fiber, are known to impact brain chemistry via the gut-brain axis. In particular, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated from excessive soluble fiber consumption are thought to impact neuroimmune signaling and brain function through increased production of neurotropic factors. Given reports that high dietary fiber intake is associated with increased mental health and improved quality of life scores, we set out to identify whether changes in SCFA levels as a result of a high soluble fiber diet mediate hippocampal neuroinflammation and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice. Methods Adult male and female C57BL/6 mice were fed a 1-month high pectin fiber or cellulose-based control diet. Following 1 month of excessive pectin consumption, serum SCFAs were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and hippocampal cytokines and BDNF were assessed via multiplex magnetic bead immunoassay. Results Pectin-based fiber diet increased circulating acetic acid in both sexes, with no effect on propionic or butyric acid. In the hippocampus, a high fiber diet decreased TNFa, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IFNγ and increased BDNF levels. Furthermore, increased SCFA levels were inversely correlated with neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, with acetic acid revealed as a strong mediator of increased BDNF production. Conclusion Collectively, these findings highlight the beneficial effects of fiber-induced molecular changes in a brain region known to influence mood- and cognition-related behaviors. Dietary composition should be considered when developing mental health management plans for men and women with an emphasis on increasing soluble fiber intake.
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Dong H, Chen X, Zhao X, Zhao C, Mehmood K, Kulyar MFEA, Bhutta ZA, Zeng J, Nawaz S, Wu Q, Li K. Intestine microbiota and SCFAs response in naturally Cryptosporidium-infected plateau yaks. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1105126. [PMID: 36936759 PMCID: PMC10014559 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1105126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is a severe bovine disease, globally prevalent in farm animals with a decrease in milk production and a low fertility rate. Cryptosporidium spp. are important zoonotic agents of bovine diarrhea. However, little is known about microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) changes in yaks infected with Cryptosporidium spp. Therefore, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing and detected the concentrations of SCFAs in Cryptosporidium-infected yaks. Results showed that over 80,000 raw and 70,000 filtered sequences were prevalent in yak samples. Shannon (p<0.01) and Simpson (p<0.01) were both significantly higher in Cryptosporidium-infected yaks. A total of 1072 amplicon sequence variants were shared in healthy and infected yaks. There were 11 phyla and 58 genera that differ significantly between the two yak groups. A total of 235 enzymes with a significant difference in abundance (p<0.001) were found between healthy and infected yaks. KEGG L3 analysis discovered that the abundance of 43 pathways was significantly higher, while 49 pathways were significantly lower in Cryptosporidium-infected yaks. The concentration of acetic acid (p<0.05), propionic acid (p<0.05), isobutyric acid (p<0.05), butyric acid (p<0.05), and isovaleric acid was noticeably lower in infected yaks, respectively. The findings of the study revealed that Cryptosporidium infection causes gut dysbiosis and results in a significant drop in the SCFAs concentrations in yaks with severe diarrhea, which may give new insights regarding the prevention and treatment of diarrhea in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine in Tibet, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, Tibet, China
| | - Xiushuang Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiangyong Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qingxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine in Tibet, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, Tibet, China
- *Correspondence: Qingxia Wu, ; Kun Li,
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingxia Wu, ; Kun Li,
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Associations of Dietary Intake with the Intestinal Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Among Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity. J Nutr 2022; 153:1178-1188. [PMID: 36841667 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet, a key component of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management, modulates the intestinal microbiota and its metabolically active byproducts-including SCFA-through fermentation of dietary carbohydrates such as fiber. However, the diet-microbiome relationship remains largely unexplored in longstanding T1D. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether increased carbohydrate intake, including fiber, is associated with increased SCFA-producing gut microbes, SCFA, and intestinal microbial diversity among young adults with longstanding T1D and overweight or obesity. METHODS Young adult men and women with T1D for ≥1 y, aged 19-30 y, and BMI of 27.0-39.9 kg/m2 at baseline provided stool samples at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 mo of a randomized dietary weight loss trial. Diet was assessed by 1-2 24-h recalls. The abundance of SCFA-producing microbes was measured using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. GC-MS measured fecal SCFA (acetate, butyrate, propionate, and total) concentrations. Adjusted and Bonferroni-corrected generalized estimating equations modeled associations of dietary fiber (total, soluble, and pectins) and carbohydrate (available carbohydrate, and fructose) with microbiome-related outcomes. Primary analyses were restricted to data collected before COVID-19 interruptions. RESULTS Fiber (total and soluble) and carbohydrates (available and fructose) were positively associated with total SCFA and acetate concentrations (n = 40 participants, 52 visits). Each 10 g/d of total and soluble fiber intake was associated with an additional 8.8 μmol/g (95% CI: 4.5, 12.8 μmol/g; P = 0.006) and 24.0 μmol/g (95% CI: 12.9, 35.1 μmol/g; P = 0.003) of fecal acetate, respectively. Available carbohydrate intake was positively associated with SCFA producers Roseburia and Ruminococcus gnavus. All diet variables except pectin were inversely associated with normalized abundance of Bacteroides and Alistipes. Fructose was inversely associated with Akkermansia abundance. CONCLUSIONS In young adults with longstanding T1D, fiber and carbohydrate intake were associated positively with fecal SCFA but had variable associations with SCFA-producing gut microbes. Controlled feeding studies should determine whether gut microbes and SCFA can be directly manipulated in T1D.
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Yuan W, Xu J, Guo L, Chen Y, Gu J, Zhang H, Yang C, Yang Q, Deng S, Zhang L, Deng Q, Wang Z, Ling B, Deng D. Clinical Risk Factors and Microbiological and Intestinal Characteristics of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Colonization and Subsequent Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0190621. [PMID: 36445086 PMCID: PMC9769896 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01906-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal colonization with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is always a prerequisite for the development of translocated infections. Here, we sought to screen for fecal carriage of CRE and identify the risk factors for CRE colonization as well as subsequent translocated pneumonia in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital in China. We further focused on the intestinal flora composition and fecal metabolic profiles in CRE rectal colonization and translocated infection patients. Animal models of gastrointestinal colonization with a carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae [CRKP]) clinical isolate expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were established, and systemic infection was subsequently traced using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). The intestinal barrier, inflammatory factors, and infiltrating immune cells were further investigated. In this study, we screened 54 patients hospitalized in the ICU with CRE rectal colonization, and 50% of the colonized patients developed CRE-associated pneumonia, in line with the significantly high mortality rate. Upon multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with subsequent pneumonia caused by CRE in patients with fecal colonization included enteral feeding and carbapenem exposure. Furthermore, CRKP colonization and translocated infection influenced the diversity and community composition of the intestinal microbiome. Downregulated propionate and butyrate probably play important and multiangle roles in regulating immune cell infiltration, inflammatory factor expression, and mucus and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Although the risk factors and intestinal biomarkers for subsequent infections among CRE-colonized patients were explored, further work is needed to elucidate the complicated mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have emerged as a major threat to modern medicine, and the spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a clinical and public health problem. Gastrointestinal colonization by potential pathogens is always a prerequisite for the development of translocated infections, and there is a growing need to assess clinical risk factors and microbiological and intestinal characteristics to prevent the development of clinical infection by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Intensive Care Union, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yonghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jinyi Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chenghang Yang
- Intensive Care Union, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shuwen Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiongfang Deng
- Intensive Care Union, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Intensive Care Union, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Deyao Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University (The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Zuo H, Zheng T, Wu K, Yang T, Wang L, Nima Q, Bai H, Dong K, Fan Z, Huang S, Luo R, Wu J, Zhou J, Xu H, Zhang Y, Feng S, Zeng P, Xiao X, Guo B, Wei Y, Pei X, Zhao X. High-altitude exposure decreases bone mineral density and its relationship with gut microbiota: Results from the China multi-ethnic cohort (CMEC) study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114206. [PMID: 36058270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographic altitude is a potent environmental factor for human microbiota and bone mineral density. However, little evidence exists in population-based studies with altitude diversity ranges across more than 3000 m. This study assessed the associations between a wide range of altitudes and bone mineral density, as well as the potential mediating role of microbiota in this relationship. METHODS A total of 99,556 participants from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study were enrolled. The altitude of each participant was extracted from global Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 4 data. Bone mineral density was measured by calcaneus quantitative ultrasound index (QUI). Stool samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing (n = 1384). The metabolites of gut microbiota, seven kinds of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS, n = 128). After screening, 73,974 participants were selected for the "altitude-QUI" analysis and they were placed into the low-altitude (LA) and high-altitude (HA) groups. Additionally, a subgroup (n = 1384) was further selected for the "altitude-microbiota-QUI" analysis. Multivariate linear regression models and mediation analyses were conducted among participants. RESULTS A significant negative association between high-altitude and QUI was obtained (mean difference = -0.373 standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.389, -0.358, n = 73,974). The same negative association was also observed in the population with microbiota data (mean difference = -0.185 SD, 95%CI: -0.360, -0.010, n = 1384), and a significant mediating effect of Catenibacteriumon on the association between altitude and QUI (proportion mediated = 25.2%, P = 0.038) was also noticed. Additionally, the acetic acid, butyric acid, and total amount of seven SCFAs of the low-altitude group were significantly higher than that of the high-altitude group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION High-altitude exposure may decrease bone mineral density in adults, thus increasing the risk of osteoporosis. The modulation of gut microbiota may be a potential strategy for alleviating the decrease of bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojiang Zuo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tianli Zheng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Kunpeng Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Lingyao Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qucuo Nima
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, 850000, China.
| | - Hua Bai
- College of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Ke Dong
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ziwei Fan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shourui Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ruocheng Luo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jialong Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Junmin Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huan Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yingcong Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shiyu Feng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Peibin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiong Xiao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yonglan Wei
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xiaofang Pei
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xing Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Ren M, Rigele A, Davaasambuu S, Shun N, Natsagdorj N, Purev N. Study on Gas Chromatography Retention Time Variation of Acetic Acid Combined with Quantum Chemical Calculation. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pillai MS, Paritala ST, Shah RP, Sharma N, Sengupta P. Cutting-edge strategies and critical advancements in characterization and quantification of metabolites concerning translational metabolomics. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:401-426. [PMID: 36351878 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2125987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in drug discovery strategies, significant challenges are still remaining in translating new insights into clinical applications. Scientists are devising creative approaches to bridge the gap between scientific and translational research. Metabolomics is a unique field among other omics techniques for identifying novel metabolites and biomarkers. Fortunately, characterization and quantification of metabolites are becoming faster due to the progress in the field of orthogonal analytical techniques. This review detailed the advancement in the progress of sample preparation, and data processing techniques including data mining tools, database, and their quality control (QC). Advances in data processing tools make it easier to acquire unbiased data that includes a diverse set of metabolites. In addition, novel breakthroughs including, miniaturization as well as their integration with other devices, metabolite array technology, and crystalline sponge-based method have led to faster, more efficient, cost-effective, and holistic metabolomic analysis. The use of cutting-edge techniques to identify the human metabolite, including biomarkers has proven to be advantageous in terms of early disease identification, tracking the progression of illness, and possibility of personalized treatments. This review addressed the constraints of current metabolomics research, which are impeding the facilitation of translation of research from bench to bedside. Nevertheless, the possible way out from such constraints and future direction of translational metabolomics has been conferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sajakumar Pillai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sree Teja Paritala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ravi P Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nitish Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
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Microbiota derived butyrate affected the muscle texture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with different protein sources. Food Chem 2022; 393:133392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Xia F, Guo L, Cui P, Xu Q, Huang J, Zhou H, Shen W. A sensitive and accurate GC-MS method for analyzing microbial metabolites short chain fatty acids and their hydroxylated derivatives in newborn fecal samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 223:115148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li Y, Chen M, Ma Y, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Ma H, Ren D, Chen P. Regulation of viable/inactivated/lysed probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum H6 on intestinal microbiota and metabolites in hypercholesterolemic mice. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:50. [PMID: 36316361 PMCID: PMC9622822 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that probiotic interventions reduce non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk. However, its therapeutic effect and mechanism are still unclear. To evaluate the hypocholesterolemic effect of Lactobacillus plantarum H6 (L.p H6), a new commercial patent strain capable of preventing hypercholesterolemia, and its mechanism in depth, three states of the strain were prepared, namely, viable (vH6), heat-inactivated (iH6), and ultrasonically-lysed (uH6) bacteria cells. The results showed that v/i/uH6 cells could lower serum and liver blood lipid levels, alleviate liver damage and improve glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) indexes. v/i/uH6 cells improved the gut microbial composition and significantly reduced the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) in feces. In particular, Muribaculaceae may be a potential biomarker for effective cholesterol reduction. Also, the recovery of these biochemical indices and gut microbiome was found following fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using stool from vH6 treated mice. The v/i/uH6 cells increased the intestinal flora metabolism of vitamins-cofactors, as well as amino acids, while decreasing the relative content of primary bile acids. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that norank_f__Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillus had a negative correlation with blood lipid levels. Overall, v/i/uH6 cells were effective in improving hypercholesterolemia in mice, and this effect was attributed partly to the regulation of intestinal microbiota and metabolites related to lipid metabolism. Our findings provided a theoretical basis for the industrial development of probiotics and postbiotics and the treatment of cholesterol diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Mengling Chen
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Yuxuan Ma
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Yue Yang
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Huijing Ma
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Dayong Ren
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
| | - Ping Chen
- grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China
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Guo G, Yang W, Fan C, Lan R, Gao Z, Gan S, Yu H, Yin F, Wang Z. The effects of fucoidan as a dairy substitute on diarrhea rate and intestinal barrier function of the large intestine in weaned lambs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1007346. [PMID: 36337209 PMCID: PMC9630570 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1007346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the effects of fucoidan on the frequency of diarrhea, colon morphology, colon antioxidant status, cytokine content, short-chain fatty acids, and microflora of cecal contents in early weaned lambs in order to provide a reference for the intestinal health of young ruminants. Fucoidan is a natural active polysaccharide extracted from kelp and other large brown algae. It has many biological effects, such as improving immunity, nourishing the stomach and intestines, and anti-tumor properties. This study investigated the effects of fucoidan supplementation in milk replacer on the large intestine's ability to act as an intestinal barrier in weaned lambs. With six duplicate pens and one lamb per pen, a total of 24 weaned lambs (average starting body weight of 7.32 ± 0.37 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four milk replacer treatments. Four concentrations of fucoidan supplementation (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6% dry matter intake) were employed to investigate the effects of fucoidan on cecal fermentation and colon microbial organization. The test period lasted 37 days (1 week before the test and 1 month after the test), and lamb cecal contents and colon organization were collected for examination. In addition, the fecal status of all lambs was observed and recorded daily, allowing us to calculate the incidence of diarrhea in weaned lambs. The findings demonstrated that fucoidan may significantly increase the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (propionic acid and butyric acid) in the cecal digesta of weaned lambs. In weaned lambs, 16S rDNA testing showed that fucoidan at 0.3-0.6% (dry matter intake) was beneficial for boosting the variety of the intestinal bacteria and modifying the relative abundance of a few bacterial strains. In addition, fucoidan enhanced colon antioxidant and immune functions and decreased the diarrhea rate to relieve weaning stress. This result demonstrates that milk replacer supplementation with fucoidan contributes to the improvement in the large intestinal health of weaned lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhen Guo
- College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chaojie Fan
- College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ruixia Lan
- College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shangquan Gan
- College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haibin Yu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fuquan Yin
- College of Coastal Agriculture Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resources and Breed Innovation in Western Guangdong Province, Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhijing Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Guangdong Qingyuan Agricultural Bureau, Qingyuan, China
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Huang ZR, Huang QZ, Chen KW, Huang ZF, Liu Y, Jia RB, Liu B. Sanghuangporus vaninii fruit body polysaccharide alleviates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia via modulating intestinal microflora in type 2 diabetic mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1013466. [PMID: 36337615 PMCID: PMC9632624 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1013466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is principally induced by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. In the current study, Sanghuangporus vaninii fruit body polysaccharide (SVP) was prepared and structurally characterized. It was shown that the yield of SVP was 1.91%, and SVP mainly contains small molecular weight polysaccharides. Afterward, the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects and the potential mechanism of SVP in T2DM mice were investigated. The results exhibited oral SVP could reverse the body weight loss, high levels of blood glucose, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation in T2DM mice. Oral SVP increased fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations of T2DM mice. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis illustrated that SVP can modulate the structure and function of intestinal microflora in T2DM mice, indicating as decreasing the levels of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, Flavonifractor, Odoribacter, and increasing the levels of Weissella, Alloprevotella, and Dubosiella. Additionally, the levels of predicted metabolic functions of Citrate cycle, GABAergic synapse, Insulin signaling pathway were increased, and those of Purine metabolism, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and Starch and sucrose metabolism were decreased in intestinal microflora after SVP treatment. These findings demonstrate that SVP could potentially play hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects by regulating gut microflora and be a promising nutraceutical for ameliorating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Rui Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Zhen Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke-Wen Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Feng Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Liu,
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Liu,
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Central and peripheral regulations mediated by short-chain fatty acids on energy homeostasis. Transl Res 2022; 248:128-150. [PMID: 35688319 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota influences obesity, insulin resistance, and the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The gut microbiota digests and ferments nutrients resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which generate various beneficial metabolic effects on energy and glucose homeostasis. However, their roles in the central nervous system (CNS)-mediated outputs on the metabolism have only been minimally studied. Here, we explore what is known and future directions that may be worth exploring in this emerging area. Specifically, we searched studies or data in English by using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Human Metabolome Database. Studies were filtered by time from 1978 to March 2022. As a result, 195 studies, 53 reviews, 1 website, and 1 book were included. One hundred and sixty-five of 195 studies describe the production and metabolism of SCFAs or the effects of SCFAs on energy homeostasis, glucose balance, and mental diseases through the gut-brain axis or directly by a central pathway. Thirty of 195 studies show that inappropriate metabolism and excessive of SCFAs are metabolically detrimental. Most studies suggest that SCFAs exert beneficial metabolic effects by acting as the energy substrate in the TCA cycle, regulating the hormones related to satiety regulation and insulin secretion, and modulating immune cells and microglia. These functions have been linked with AMPK signaling, GPCRs-dependent pathways, and inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). However, the studies focusing on the central effects of SCFAs are still limited. The mechanisms by which central SCFAs regulate appetite, energy expenditure, and blood glucose during different physiological conditions warrant further investigation.
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Assessing effects of guar gum viscosity on the growth, intestinal flora, and intestinal health of Micropterus salmoides. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1037-1047. [PMID: 36181882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of different viscous guar gum on the growth, intestinal flora, and intestinal health of Micropterus salmoides. Four practical diets with 42.5 % crude protein and 13.7 % crude lipid were formulated to contain 8 % cellulose and three different viscosities (2500, 5200, and 6000 mPa·s) of guar gum. Dietary guar gum inhibits fish growth and feed utilization, decreases the α-diversity of the intestinal flora, and negatively alters the intestinal flora structure and metabolite composition. High viscous guar gum down-regulated the intestinal tight junction, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic related gene's expression, decreased digesta butyrate/histamine ratio; and increased the abundance of Plesiomonas shigelloides. These results suggest that dietary guar gum adversely affects intestinal health by disrupting intestinal flora structure and metabolite composition, and that viscosity should be considered when using guar gum as a binder in aquafeeds.
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Metabolic alterations of short-chain fatty acids and TCA cycle intermediates in human plasma from patients with gastric cancer. Life Sci 2022; 309:121010. [PMID: 36181864 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by gut microbiota from dietary fiber. Since absorbed SCFAs could be introduced into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in host cells, the relationships between SCFAs and TCA cycle intermediates might influence to energy metabolism in the human body. For this reason, information on profile changes between SCFAs and TCA cycle intermediates could help unveil pathological mechanisms of gastric cancer. MAIN METHODS A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously determine SCFAs and TCA cycle intermediates in human plasma from patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric cancer. We applied a tetra-alkyl ammonium pairing method to prevent loss of volatile SCFAs and base decarboxylation of TCA cycle intermediates during sample preparation. To assess gastric diseases, metabolic alterations of SCFAs and TCA cycle intermediates in human plasma with gastric disorders were analyzed by their plasma levels. KEY FINDINGS Significantly different metabolic alterations based on the plasma levels of SCFAs and TCA cycle intermediates were investigated in cancer metabolic pathways. Not only propionate and butyrate, mainly produced by gut microbiota, were significantly decreased, but also cis-aconitate, α-ketoglutarate, and fumarate were significantly increased in plasma with IM or gastric cancer, compared to CSG. Further, based on ratios of product to precursor, three metabolic pathways (succinate/propionate, succinate/α-ketoglutarate, and cis-aconitate/citrate) were supposed to be distorted between gastric diseases. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, propionate, cis-aconitate, α-ketoglutarate, and fumarate could be used to assess the progression of gastric cancer.
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Kang JY, Lee B, Kim CH, Choi JH, Kim MS. Enhancing the prebiotic and antioxidant effects of exopolysaccharides derived from Cordyceps militaris by enzyme-digestion. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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120
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P, Wang M, Yao W, Yang W, Chen F. In vitro digestion and fecal fermentation of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharide and its impact on human gut microbiota. Food Funct 2022; 13:9443-9458. [PMID: 35972431 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01776h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the structure of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharides (SGPs) changed significantly after digestion. After 48 h of in vitro fecal fermentation, Mw decreased and the content of CR showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The monosaccharide composition (glucose) of SGPs showed a trend of decreasing and then stabilizing during fecal fermentation, indicating that SGPs were partially degraded during in vitro fermentation and significantly degraded and utilized by the human intestinal microbiota. In addition, SGPs fermentation for 48 h increased the production of SCFAs especially acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. Moreover, after in vitro digestion and enzymatic digestion, the in vitro hypoglycemic activity of SGPs remained relatively high afterward, albeit reduced. This study contributes to a better understanding of the potential digestion and enzymatic mechanisms of SGP, which is important for the future development of SGP as a functional food and drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Mengrao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
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Bain JT, Taal MW, Selby NM, Reynolds JC, Heaney LM. Simple, high-throughput measurement of gut-derived short-chain fatty acids in clinically relevant biofluids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2022; 25:36-43. [PMID: 35875358 PMCID: PMC9304766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput assay for measurement of short-chain fatty acids in biofluids. A simple, time efficient liquid–liquid extraction protocol with no derivatization. Recommend use of lithium heparin plasma or clotting activator serum collection. Clinical applicability demonstrated by measurement of kidney disease patient samples.
Introduction The quantitative measurement of circulating gut bacteria-derived metabolites has increased in recent years due to their associations with health and disease. While much of the previous attention has been placed on metabolites considered as deleterious to health, a shift to the investigation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as potential health promotors has been observed. Objectives To develop a simple, high-throughput and quantitative assay to measure gut-derived SCFAs in clinically relevant biofluids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Methods A short (7.5 min) GC–MS assay was optimized for measurement of seven straight- and branched-chain SCFAs and their deuterated isotopes using a wax-based column for analysis without prior derivatization. The assay was validated using routine criteria to assess precision, accuracy, matrix effects, recovery, and extraction reproducibility. Assay applicability was tested in cohorts of healthy individuals and kidney disease patients. Results The assay was demonstrated to be precise, accurate and reproducible with acceptable levels of matrix effect and analyte recovery. Lower limits of detection and quantitation were in the low ng/mL range. An investigation into different blood collection tube chemistries demonstrated that lithium heparin plasma and serum clotting activator tubes are recommended for use in future cross-study comparisons. Kidney disease patient analyses demonstrated variable differences across SCFAs when comparing hemodialysis to earlier stages of chronic kidney disease, demonstrating the suitability of the assay for translation to clinical analyses. Conclusion The assay has been validated and identified as reliable for use in larger-scale studies for the analysis of SCFAs in human plasma and serum.
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Ecological dynamics of the gut microbiome in response to dietary fiber. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2040-2055. [PMID: 35597888 PMCID: PMC9296629 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers are generally thought to benefit intestinal health. Their impacts on the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiome, however, vary greatly across individuals. Previous research showed that each individual's response to fibers depends on their baseline gut microbiome, but the ecology driving microbiota remodeling during fiber intake remained unclear. Here, we studied the long-term dynamics of the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in isogenic mice with distinct microbiota baselines fed with the fermentable fiber inulin and resistant starch compared to the non-fermentable fiber cellulose. We found that inulin produced a generally rapid response followed by gradual stabilization to new equilibria, and those dynamics were baseline-dependent. We parameterized an ecology model from the time-series data, which revealed a group of bacteria whose growth significantly increased in response to inulin and whose baseline abundance and interspecies competition explained the baseline dependence of microbiome density and community composition dynamics. Fecal levels of SCFAs, such as propionate, were associated with the abundance of inulin responders, yet inter-individual variation of gut microbiome impeded the prediction of SCFAs by machine learning models. We showed that our methods and major findings were generalizable to dietary resistant starch. Finally, we analyzed time-series data of synthetic and natural human gut microbiome in response to dietary fiber and validated the inferred interspecies interactions in vitro. This study emphasizes the importance of ecological modeling to understand microbiome responses to dietary changes and the need for personalized interventions.
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Determination of short-chain fatty acids by N,N-dimethylethylenediamine derivatization combined with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and their implication in influenza virus infection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6419-6430. [PMID: 35841415 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the end products of the fermentation of complex carbohydrates by the gut microbiota. Although SCFAs are recognized as important markers to elucidate the link between gut health and disease, it has been difficult to analyze SCFAs with mass spectrometry technologies due to their poor ionization efficiency and high volatility. Here, we present a novel and sensitive method for the quantification of SCFAs, including C2-C6 SCFAs and their hydroxy derivatives, by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) upon N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (DMED) derivatization with a run time of 10 min. Moreover, the quantification method of DMED-derivatized SCFAs in intestinal contents using isotope-labeled internal standards was also established. The method validation was performed by analyzing spiked intestinal samples; the limits of detection and quantification of SCFAs with this method were found to be 0.5 and 5 fmol, respectively; the recovery was greater than 80% and good linearity (0.9932 to 0.9979) of calibration curves was obtained over the range from 0.005 to 5000 pmol/μL; the intraday and interday precisions were achieved in the range of 1-5%. Furthermore, the validated method was applied to analyze SCFAs in the cecum and colon contents of mice infected with the influenza virus. The results showed that the concentration of most of the SCFAs tested here decreased significantly in a time-dependent manner after the infection, suggesting a possibility that SCFAs in intestinal samples could be used as severe disease markers. Overall, we here successfully developed a simple, fast, and sensitive method for SCFA analysis by LC-MS/MS combined with DMED derivatization. The method for the quantification of SCFAs will be a useful tool for both basic research and clinical studies.
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Dandekar MP, Palepu MSK, Satti S, Jaiswal Y, Singh AA, Dash SP, Gajula SNR, Sonti R. Multi-strain Probiotic Formulation Reverses Maternal Separation and Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Generated Anxiety- and Depression-like Phenotypes by Modulating Gut Microbiome-Brain Activity in Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1948-1965. [PMID: 35735411 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating mental disorder that affects >322 million people worldwide. Despite the availability of several antidepressant agents, many patients remain treatment refractory. A growing literature study has indicated the role of gut microbiota in neuropsychiatric disorders. Herein, we examined the psychobiotic-like activity of multi-strain probiotic formulation in maternal separation (MS) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) models of anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes in Sprague-Dawley rats. Early- and late-life stress was employed in both male and female rats by exposing them to MS and CUMS. The multi-strain probiotic formulation (Cognisol) containing Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2, Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP-40, Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58, Bifidobacterium lactis UBBLa-70, Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01, and Bifidobacterium infantis UBBI-01 at a total strength of 10 billion cfu along with l-glutamine was administered for 6 weeks via drinking water. Neurobehavioral assessment was done using the forced swim test (FST), sucrose preference test (SPT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and open field test (OFT). Animals were sacrificed after behavioral assessment, and blood, brain, and intestine samples were collected to analyze the levels of cytokines, metabolites, and neurotransmitters and histology. Animals exposed to stress showed increased passivity, consumed less sucrose solution, and minimally explored the open arms in the FST, SPT, and EPM, respectively. Administration of multi-strain probiotics along with l-glutamine for 6 weeks ameliorated the behavioral abnormalities. The locomotor activity of animals in the OFT and their body weight remained unchanged across the groups. Cognisol treatment reversed the decreased BDNF and serotonin levels and increased CRP, TNF-α, and dopamine levels in the hippocampus and/or frontal cortex. Administration of Cognisol also restored the plasma levels of l-tryptophan, l-kynurenine, kynurenic-acid, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid; the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroides ratio; the levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in fecal samples; the villi/crypt ratio; and the goblet cell count, which manifested in the restoration of intestinal functions. We suggest that the multi-strain probiotic and glutamine formulation (Cognisol) ameliorated the MS + UCMS-generated anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes by reshaping the gut microbiome-brain activity in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Mani Surya Kumar Palepu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Srilakshmi Satti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Yash Jaiswal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Aditya A Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Surya Prakash Dash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
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Shute A, Bihan DG, Lewis IA, Nasser Y. Metabolomics: The Key to Unraveling the Role of the Microbiome in Visceral Pain Neurotransmission. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:917197. [PMID: 35812241 PMCID: PMC9260117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.917197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis, is a relapsing and remitting disease of the gastrointestinal tract, presenting with chronic inflammation, ulceration, gastrointestinal bleeding, and abdominal pain. Up to 80% of patients suffering from IBD experience acute pain, which dissipates when the underlying inflammation and tissue damage resolves. However, despite achieving endoscopic remission with no signs of ongoing intestinal inflammation or damage, 30-50% of IBD patients in remission experience chronic abdominal pain, suggesting altered sensory neuronal processing in this disorder. Furthermore, effective treatment for chronic pain is limited such that 5-25% of IBD outpatients are treated with narcotics, with associated morbidity and mortality. IBD patients commonly present with substantial alterations to the microbial community structure within the gastrointestinal tract, known as dysbiosis. The same is also true in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic disorder characterized by altered bowel habits and abdominal pain, in the absence of inflammation. An emerging body of literature suggests that the gut microbiome plays an important role in visceral hypersensitivity. Specific microbial metabolites have an intimate relationship with host receptors that are highly expressed on host cell and neurons, suggesting that microbial metabolites play a key role in visceral hypersensitivity. In this review, we will discuss the techniques used to analysis the metabolome, current potential metabolite targets for visceral hypersensitivity, and discuss the current literature that evaluates the role of the post-inflammatory microbiota and metabolites in visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shute
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dominique G. Bihan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian A. Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Sun X, Chen J, Huang Y, Zhu S, Wang S, Xu Z, Zhang J, Sun W. Yishen Qingli Heluo Granule Ameliorates Renal Dysfunction in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats by Targeting Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Integrity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:858881. [PMID: 35814258 PMCID: PMC9258868 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.858881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often accompanied with imbalanced gut microbiota and impaired intestinal barrier. Hence, efforts to ameliorate renal dysfunction by manipulating gut microbial ecosystem are underway. Yishen Qingli Heluo granule (YQHG) is a representative traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription for clinical treatment of CKD. However, its underlying mechanism has not been well elucidated. This study aimed to explore effects of YQHG on renal dysfunction in 5/6 nephrectomized rats by targeting gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. Here, we found that YQHG provided significant renal protection in 5/6 nephrectomized rats by reducing renal fibrosis and inflammation, reestablishing bacterial communities, and improving intestinal barrier. Our analysis showed that YQHG altered the bacterial community of 5/6 nephrectomized rats. In particular, the prescription significantly increased the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria (i.e., Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus_gasseri), which was contributed to the improved SCFA concentration (i.e., total SCFA, acetic acid, butyric acid) and intestinal barrier (i.e., the improved permeability and microbial translocation). More critically, microbiota-transfer study showed that the protective effect of YQHG was partly attributed to the mediation of the gut microbiota, especially the SCFA-producing bacteria. Our current findings propose a microbiota-targeted intervention and indicate that YQHG may become a novel promising treatment for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiting Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijing Xu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Zhang, ; Wei Sun,
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Zhang, ; Wei Sun,
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Vinelli V, Biscotti P, Martini D, Del Bo’ C, Marino M, Meroño T, Nikoloudaki O, Calabrese FM, Turroni S, Taverniti V, Unión Caballero A, Andrés-Lacueva C, Porrini M, Gobbetti M, De Angelis M, Brigidi P, Pinart M, Nimptsch K, Guglielmetti S, Riso P. Effects of Dietary Fibers on Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota Composition in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132559. [PMID: 35807739 PMCID: PMC9268559 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in investigating dietary strategies able to modulate the gut microbial ecosystem which, in turn, may play a key role in human health. Dietary fibers (DFs) are widely recognized as molecules with prebiotic effects. The main objective of this systematic review was to: (i) analyze the results available on the impact of DF intervention on short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production; (ii) evaluate the interplay between the type of DF intervention, the gut microbiota composition and its metabolic activities, and any other health associated outcome evaluated in the host. To this aim, initially, a comprehensive database of literature on human intervention studies assessing the effect of confirmed and candidate prebiotics on the microbial ecosystem was developed. Subsequently, studies performed on DFs and analyzing at least the impact on SCFA levels were extracted from the database. A total of 44 studies from 42 manuscripts were selected for the analysis. Among the different types of fiber, inulin was the DF investigated the most (n = 11). Regarding the results obtained on the ability of fiber to modulate total SCFAs, seven studies reported a significant increase, while no significant changes were reported in five studies, depending on the analytical methodology used. A total of 26 studies did not show significant differences in individual SCFAs, while the others reported significant differences for one or more SCFAs. The effect of DF interventions on the SCFA profile seemed to be strictly dependent on the dose and the type and structure of DFs. Overall, these results underline that, although affecting microbiota composition and derived metabolites, DFs do not produce univocal significant increase in SCFA levels in apparently healthy adults. In this regard, several factors (i.e., related to the study protocols and analytical methods) have been identified that could have affected the results obtained in the studies evaluated. Future studies are needed to better elucidate the relationship between DFs and gut microbiota in terms of SCFA production and impact on health-related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vinelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Paola Biscotti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Cristian Del Bo’
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Net (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (T.M.); (A.U.C.); (C.A.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Nikoloudaki
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (O.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Andrea Unión Caballero
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Net (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (T.M.); (A.U.C.); (C.A.-L.)
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Net (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (T.M.); (A.U.C.); (C.A.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (O.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Mariona Pinart
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (C.D.B.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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An Improved Method to Quantify Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Biological Samples Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060525. [PMID: 35736458 PMCID: PMC9228653 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are found at multiple locations in the host body and are identified as important metabolites in gut microbiome-associated diseases. Quantifying SCFAs in diverse biological samples is important to understand their roles in host health. This study developed an accurate SCFA quantification method by performing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in human plasma, serum, feces, and mouse cecum tissue. The samples were acidified with hydrochloric acid, and the SCFAs were extracted using methyl tert-butyl ether. In this method, distilled water was selected as a surrogate matrix for the quantification of SCFAs in target biological samples. The method was validated in terms of linearity, parallelism, precision, recovery, and matrix effect. The developed method was further applied in target biological samples. In conclusion, this optimized method can be used as a simultaneous SCFA quantification method in diverse biological samples.
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129
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Feng X, Liu N, Yang Y, Feng S, Wang J, Meng Q. Isotope-Coded Chemical Derivatization Method for Highly Accurately and Sensitively Quantifying Short-Chain Fatty Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6253-6263. [PMID: 35549180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major gut microbiota-derived metabolites, which can reshape the intestine and regulate gut immunity. The application of conventional GC methods has been hampered for quantifying low-concentrated SCFAs, such as in serum, saliva, and digesta of germ-free animals. Herein, we established a LC-MS method to quantify SCFAs after 5-(dimethylamino)-1-carbohydrazide-isoquinoline (DMAQ) derivatization. The DMAQ derivatization significantly enhanced the detection sensitivity and improved separation of SCFAs. 2-methylbutyric acid and 3-methylbutyric acid were separately quantitated. Moreover, the matrix effect was diminished using DMAQ-13C/15N-tagged SCFAs as internal standards. The established quantitation method was successfully applied in the analysis of plasma and cecum digesta collected from neonatal piglets, revealing that significant increases in biological SCFA contents in cecum digesta were closely related to the variation of gut microbial diversity. The established quantitation method is capable of sensitively and comprehensively quantifying SCFAs that may provide insights into underlying gut-microbiota functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Feng
- A State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Na Liu
- A State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- A State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengnan Feng
- A State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingshi Meng
- A State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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130
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Xia P, Liu X, Hou T, Zhan F, Geng F, Zhang Z, Li B. Evaluation of the effect of prebiotic sesame candies on loperamide-induced constipation in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:5690-5700. [PMID: 35510626 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal tract symptoms. In this study, prebiotic sesame sugar (PSC) was prepared from isomalto-oligosaccharide, konjac glucomannan and sesame, and the relieving effect of PSC on constipation induced by loperamide was explored. The results showed that PSC treatment profoundly improved the defecation function and boosted intestinal motility. Moreover, PSC repaired gastrointestinal tissue injury and inflammation induced by constipation, which confirmed the effectiveness of PSC intervention in the treatment of constipation. The mechanism of PSC improving constipation might be that PSC improved the imbalance of gastrointestinal neurotransmitters and increased the content of short-chain fatty acids in feces. In conclusion, PSC dietotherapy could effectively alleviate the symptoms and lay a theoretical foundation for the development of an anti-constipation diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fuchao Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Geng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- College of Sanquan, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
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131
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Ramos-Garcia V, Ten-Doménech I, Moreno-Giménez A, Campos-Berga L, Parra-Llorca A, Solaz-García Á, Lara-Cantón I, Pinilla-González A, Gormaz M, Vento M, Kuligowski J, Quintás G. GC-MS analysis of short chain fatty acids and branched chain amino acids in urine and faeces samples from newborns and lactating mothers. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 532:172-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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132
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Yao Y, Cai X, Zheng Y, Zhang M, Fei W, Sun D, Zhao M, Ye Y, Zheng C. Short-chain fatty acids regulate B cells differentiation via FFAR2 to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4315-4329. [PMID: 35393660 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites of gut microbes involved in the host's inflammatory response and immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SCFAs in RA and the possible mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Gut microbiota diversity in mice was analysed by 16S rDNA sequencing. SCFAs levels were analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. T cells and B cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Bone damage was analysed by micro-CT and x-ray. Histopathological status was analysed by HE staining. The protein in tissues were analysed by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Mice with CD19+ B cells specifically deficient in FFAR2 were used to explore the molecular mechanisms involved. KEY RESULTS Levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate were decreased in RA patients, and the first three levels correlated positively with the frequency of Bregs in peripheral blood but not with Tregs. Administration of the three SCFAs prior to the onset of collagen-induced arthritis in mice improved arthritic symptoms, increased the Bregs frequency, and decreased transitional B cells and follicular B cells frequency. However, the preceding phenomena could not be observed in mice with CD19+ B cells deficient in FFAR2. The effects of the three SCFAs in RA were dependent on FFAR2 while were independent of the other five B cell receptors (FFAR3, GPR109A, PPARγ, Olfr-78, and AhR). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS SCFAs regulate B cells differentiation via FFAR2 to alleviate RA. This will provide new insights into the treatment of RA from an immunological and microbiological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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133
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Zhang B, Liu H, Liu M, Yue Z, Liu L, Fuchang L. Exogenous butyrate regulates lipid metabolism through GPR41-ERK-AMPK pathway in rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2049985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhengkai Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Li Fuchang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, China
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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134
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Zhu JH, Mao Q, Wang SY, Liu H, Zhou SS, Zhang W, Kong M, Zhu H, Li SL. Optimization and validation of direct gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of ten short-chain fatty acids in rat feces. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1669:462958. [PMID: 35303574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play key roles in maintaining health and treating disease. Quantification of important fecal SCFAs is necessary to facilitate the clarification of their biological roles. However, the existing quantifying methods mainly depend on complicated precolumn derivatization, and/or are unable to determine formic acid, a SCFA commonly associated with toxicity. In this study, a direct gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for simultaneous quantification of ten SCFAs including formic acid in rat feces was developed. The approach was optimized in terms of chromatographic and spectrometric conditions as well as sample preparation. DB-FFAP capillary column with temperature programming was used to get baseline separation and symmetrical peak shape of SCFAs without precolumn derivatization in a relatively short running time (8 min). Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan mode was employed to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of SCFAs. Acidification with 50% HCl and immediate extraction with diethyl ether were utilized to achieve sample preparation of ten SCFAs from feces. Furthermore, the developed method was validated with wide linear range, high sensitivity and precision, low matrix effect and acceptable accuracy. The established method was successfully applied to compare the contents of fecal SCFAs between normal and immunosuppressed animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hao Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Si-Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
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135
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A Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-Based Method for the Quantification of Short Chain Fatty Acids. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020170. [PMID: 35208244 PMCID: PMC8875994 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) are produced by the gut microbiota and are present in varying concentrations in the intestinal lumen, in feces but also in the circulatory system. By interacting with different cell types in the body, they have a great impact on host metabolism and their exact quantification is indispensable. Here, we present a derivatization-free method for the gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based quantification of SCFAs in plasma, feces, cecum, liver and adipose tissue. SCFAs were extracted using ethanol and concentrated by alkaline vacuum centrifugation. To allow volatility for separation by GC, samples were acidified with succinic acid. Analytes were detected in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode and quantified using deuterated internal standards and external calibration curves. Method validation rendered excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99 for most analytes), good recovery rates (95–117%), and good reproducibility (RSD: 1–4.5%). Matrix effects were ruled out in plasma, feces, cecum, liver and fat tissues where most abundant SCFAs were detected and accurately quantified. Finally, applicability of the method was assessed using samples derived from conventionally raised versus germ-free mice or mice treated with antibiotics. Altogether, a reliable, fast, derivatization-free GC-MS method for the quantification of SCFAs in different biological matrices was developed allowing for the study of the (patho)physiological role of SCFAs in metabolic health.
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Aspergillus-Derived Cellulase Preparation Exhibits Prebiotic-like Effects on Gut Microbiota in Rats. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus-derived cellulase, which is involved in the production of Aspergillus-fermented foods, has been employed in the food and animal feed industries. However, the effect of dietary Aspergillus cellulase on health is poorly understood. Previously, we discovered that supplemental Aspergillus-derived protease and lipase preparations had substantial bifidogenic effects on rats fed a high-fat diet. Therefore, this study reports on the effects of a 0.1% dietary Aspergillus-derived cellulase preparation (CEL) on the gut microbiota of rats fed a high-fat diet. Gene sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA revealed that CEL treatment markedly affected the microbiota profiles of the cecal contents (p < 0.05). Notably, CEL markedly increased the relative abundance (RA) of typical probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, at the genus level (28- and 5-fold, respectively, p < 0.05). Similarly, at the family level, CEL treatment significantly increased the RA of Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CEL increased the RA of other genera, such as Collinsella and Enterococcus, but decreased the RA of Oscillospira, Dorea and Coprobacillus (p < 0.05). The effects on these genera are similar to those reported for typical prebiotic oligosaccharides. Overall, this study demonstrates the prebiotic-like effects of dietary CEL by significantly increasing Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus abundance.
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Li N, Li X, Su R, Wu R, Niu HQ, Luo J, Gao C, Li X, Wang C. Low-Dose Interleukin-2 Altered Gut Microbiota and Ameliorated Collagen-Induced Arthritis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1365-1379. [PMID: 35241924 PMCID: PMC8887675 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s344393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Low-dose interleukin-2 (ld-IL-2) has been shown to regulate the balance between effector T and regulatory T (Treg) cells and has been used in several clinical trials to treat autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we investigated the effects of ld-IL-2 on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods Arthritis severity in CIA mice was measured using the arthritis index (AI), radiographs, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cytokines were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gut microbiota alterations and short-chain fatty acid production were analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography. Results The AI scores of CIA mice treated with ld-IL-2 were significantly lower compared to the model group, which significantly reduced the severity of arthritis. Ld-IL-2 also altered the gut microbiota in CIA mice. The diversity, composition, and dominant species of gut microbiota were altered by ld-IL-2 treatment. Ld-IL-2 also increased short-chain fatty acid levels. There was a strong correlation between ld-IL-2 treatment and improved gut microbiota. Conclusion Ld-IL-2 significantly ameliorated joint inflammation and bone damage and improved gut microbial dysbiosis in CIA, indicating that it may be a promising therapy for RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihe Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Qing Niu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Gao
- Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Caihong Wang, Tel +8613603515399, Fax +863513365551, Email
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Li B, Zhang H, Shi L, Li R, Luo Y, Deng Y, Li S, Li R, Liu Z. Saccharomyces boulardii alleviates DSS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation in humanized mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:102-112. [PMID: 34878454 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02752b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the modulating effect of S. boulardii on the intestinal microbiota in humanized mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The mice were fed an S. boulardii-supplement diet for 16 days before DSS treatment. The results showed that feeding S. boulardii significantly ameliorated the colon damage and regulated inflammatory responses by modulating the cytokine profile. These changes were found to be associated with an altered microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism. Further analysis demonstrated that S. boulardii-derived polysaccharides and polypeptides promoted the growth of certain probiotics and increased the microbial metabolite SCFAs levels. Overall, these findings demonstrated the role of S. boulardii as a potential gut microbiota modulator to prevent and treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Yichang, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Yanan Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Shihan Li
- Department of Children Healthcare, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Ruizhen Li
- Department of Children Healthcare, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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139
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Li M, Rajani C, Zheng X, Jia W. The microbial metabolome in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:15-23. [PMID: 34850445 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is defined as the presence of excess fat in the liver in the absence of excess alcohol consumption and metabolic dysfunction. It has also been described as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The incidence of MAFLD has been reported to be 43-60% in diabetics, ~90% in patients with hyperlipidemia, and 91% in morbidly obese patients. Risk factors that have been associated with the development of MAFLD include male gender, increasing age, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. All of these risk factors have been linked to alterations of the gut microbiota, that is, gut dysbiosis. MAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with the presence of inflammation and ballooning, which can deteriorate into cirrhosis, MAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. In this review, we will be focused on the role of the gut microbial metabolome in the development, progression, and potential treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengci Li
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cynthia Rajani
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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140
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Ye D, Li X, Shen J, Xia X. Microbial metabolomics: From novel technologies to diversified applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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141
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Yan X, Li L, Liu P, Xu J, Wang Z, Ding L, Yang L. Targeted metabolomics profiles serum fatty acids by HFD induced non-alcoholic fatty liver in mice based on GC-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 211:114620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lin H, Guo Q, Wen Z, Tan S, Chen J, Lin L, Chen P, He J, Wen J, Chen Y. The multiple effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) patients with anxiety and depression behaviors. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:233. [PMID: 34963452 PMCID: PMC8715582 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are complications in Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. In this study, we recruited 18 IBS patients with mild-modest anxiety and depression behaviors, and after the screening, we defined the FMT treatment group (n = 9) and the control group (n = 9). The IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) and Bristol stool scale (BSS) were evaluated one week before FMT (baseline), one-week-, one-month-, two-month-, and three-month-following FMT. Meanwhile, we determined the SCFAs in the patient's feces and serum and continued the metagenomic analysis of the microorganisms in the patient's feces. RESULTS The results showed that the patient's anxiety and depression behavior gradually improved with FMT treatment. Moreover, the illness and quality of life had also been relieved significantly. The content of isovaleric acid and valeric acid was significantly reduced in the FMT group compared to the Col group. Metagenomic analysis showed that FMT treatment decreased the abundance of Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium and Escherichia. From KEGG functional analysis, we confirmed that the top five abundant pathways were "bacterial chemotaxis, "flagellar assembly", "glycine, serine and threonine metabolism", "apoptosis", and "bacterial invasion of epithelial cells". CONCLUSIONS FMT treatment can effectively alleviate the anxiety and depression behaviors of IBS-D patients and reduce the IBS-SSS score, indicating that FMT can improve patients' symptoms. The high throughput sequencing results show that Bifidobacterium and Escherichia play the most critical role in the formation and recovery of IBS-D patients. The GC/MS data indicated that faeces isovaleric acid and valeric acid might be more suitable as a metabolic indicator of IBS-D remission. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900024924, Registered 3 August 2019, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=41676 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, No. 516, South, Jinrong Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China.,Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, No.134, East Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qingqing Guo
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.20, Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiyong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Pingxiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 8, Wugong Mountain Avenue, Development Zone, Pingxiang, 337055, Jiangxi, China
| | - Songlin Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Pingxiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 8, Wugong Mountain Avenue, Development Zone, Pingxiang, 337055, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Pingxiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 8, Wugong Mountain Avenue, Development Zone, Pingxiang, 337055, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lijian Lin
- Department of Emergency, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.134, East Street,Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- Department of Health Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, No. 516, South Jinrong Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Jianquan He
- School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianbo Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Pingxiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 8, Wugong Mountain Avenue, Development Zone, Pingxiang, 337055, Jiangxi, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Microecology Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1333 New Lake Road, Shenzhen, 518100, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Yamei L, Jie T, Hongshan L, Bohou X, Limei L, Duanfang L. Effects of Fuke Qianjin Formula on hormones and their receptors and metabonomics study in uterine fibroids model rats. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Supplemental Aspergillus Lipase and Protease Preparations Display Powerful Bifidogenic Effects and Modulate the Gut Microbiota Community of Rats. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus-derived protease and lipase, which are involved in the production of Aspergillus-fermented foods, are consumed as digestive enzyme supplements. A marked bifidogenic effect of supplemental Aspergillus protease preparation (AP) in rats fed with a high-fat diet was identified. This study was conducted to examine whether the consumption of Aspergillus-derived lipase exerts similar bifidogenic effect. Rats were fed diets supplemented with either an Aspergillus-derived lipase preparation (AL) or AP at 0.1% for two weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that supplemental AL and AP markedly influenced cecal microbial community. At the phylum level, treatment with AL and AP resulted in a lower relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but a higher relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria than the control rats (p < 0.05). At the genus level, AL and AP remarkedly elevated the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, and Enterococcus, but significantly reduced those of Oscillospira, Dorea, and Coprobacillus (p < 0.05). These modulations were similar to those reported by several studies with typical prebiotic oligosaccharides. Notably, the bifidogenic effect of AL was much greater than that of AP. Our results show that the two different Aspergillus-derived preparations, AL and AP, have strong bifidogenic effects and can change the microbiota’s composition.
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145
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Zhai L, Wu J, Lam YY, Kwan HY, Bian ZX, Wong HLX. Gut-Microbial Metabolites, Probiotics and Their Roles in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312846. [PMID: 34884651 PMCID: PMC8658018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide prevalent metabolic disorder defined by high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance (IR) and impaired insulin secretion. Understanding the mechanism of insulin action is of great importance to the continuing development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of T2D. Disturbances of gut microbiota have been widely found in T2D patients and contribute to the development of IR. In the present article, we reviewed the pathological role of gut microbial metabolites including gaseous products, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) products, aromatic amino acids (AAAs) products, bile acids (BA) products, choline products and bacterial toxins in regulating insulin sensitivity in T2D. Following that, we summarized probiotics-based therapeutic strategy for the treatment of T2D with a focus on modulating gut microbiota in both animal and human studies. These results indicate that gut-microbial metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of T2D and supplementation of probiotics could be beneficial to alleviate IR in T2D via modulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Zhai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.K.)
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development Limited, Hong Kong Baptist University, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Jiayan Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Yan Y. Lam
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development Limited, Hong Kong Baptist University, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.K.)
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development Limited, Hong Kong Baptist University, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.-X.B.); (H.L.X.W.)
| | - Hoi Leong Xavier Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (Z.-X.B.); (H.L.X.W.)
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Fu Z, Jia Q, Zhang H, Kang L, Sun X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Hu P. Simultaneous quantification of eleven short-chain fatty acids by derivatization and solid phase microextraction - Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462680. [PMID: 34879311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
As metabolites of the gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) played an important role in the diagnosis of the metabolic diseases. Because of the high polarity, high volatility and complex matrix of biological samples, the highly sensitive, selective and accurate method to determine SCFAs remains a major challenge. Herein, a new method for simultaneous quantification of eleven SCFAs by derivatization combined with solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed. Isobutyl chloroformate coupled with isobutanol was used as the reaction reagent to derivatize SCFAs. The method validation data showed a satisfactory linearity with the linear regression coefficients (R) ranging from 0.9964 to 0.9996. The limit of detection (LOD) of all SCFAs ranges from 0.01 ng·mL-1 to 0.72 ng·mL-1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranges from 0.04 ng·mL-1 to 2.41 ng·mL-1. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSDs) ranged from 0.65% to 8.92% and 1.62% to 15.61%, respectively. The recovery ranged from 88.10% to 108.71%. Finally, the developed method was successfully used to determine SCFAs in mice fecal sample, and ten of the SCFAs were found in feces of mice, including formic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, P.R. China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
| | - Lu Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Xuezhi Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuerong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
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Fiber Nanoarchitectonics for Pre-Treatments in Facile Detection of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Waste Water and Faecal Samples. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223906. [PMID: 34833201 PMCID: PMC8624730 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are among the active metabolites in biological process both in the intestinal tract and the bioconversion of organic wastes, which has resulted in various human diseases and environmental problems. In order to accurately detect SCFAs, we introduced a novel extraction sorbent. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane was synthesized, then poly (3, 4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was deposited onto the surface of electrospun PAN nanofibers by in situ polymerization. The morphology of the composite PAN/PEDOT nanofiber was characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and FTIR spectrum. PAN/PEDOT was used to isolate and concentrate the SCFAs in waste water and fecal samples before gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The analytical method was evaluated systematically, and low limits of detection (LODs) of 0.34–0.87 μg/L and good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9953) were obtained. The method was applied successfully for the determination of SCFAs in waste water and fecal samples, with good recovery (87.5–104.6%) and satisfactory reproducibility (relative standard deviation: 6.5–14.1%). The results indicated that the proposed method can be used as a potential approach for the determination of SCFAs with high sensitivity in waste water and biological samples.
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148
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Chen B, Wei J, Zhu R, Zhang H, Xia B, Liu Y, Dai X, Ye Z, Tian Y, Li R, Zhao D, Mo F, Orekhov AN, Gao S, Brὃmme D, Wang L, Zhang D. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi aqueous extract promotes calcium balance and short-chain fatty acids production in ovariectomized rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114348. [PMID: 34153448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) is an edible herb with anti-osteoporotic activity, yet whether and how the aqueous extract of this herb affect calcium metabolism in preservation of bone quality remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of FLL aqueous extract on calcium balance and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS OVX rats were daily and orally administrated with FLL aqueous extract (3.5 g/kg) for 14 weeks. The levels of N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx-I) in rat serum were evaluated by ELISA assays. The concentration of calcium in serum, urine, and feces were determined by biochemical assays. Bone quality was determined by Micro-CT, a three-point bending assay, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometry. The expressions of Calbindin D28K and Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in kidney as well as the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 6 (TRPV6), Calbindin D9k in the duodenum were measured by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, or real-time PCR. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in the feces of the cecum were tested by gas chromatograghy. RESULTS The administration of FLL to OVX rats resulted in a significant improvement in bone mineral density and biomechanical strength as well as in maintaining bone microstructures and material quality. Meanwhile, the decreased levels of PINP and increased levels of CTx-I in OVX rats were restored by FLL treatment. Additionally, FLL treatment increased calcium absorption, upregulated VDR, TRPV6, Calbindin D9k expressions in the duodenum, Calbindin D28K in kidney, and down-regulated CaSR expression in the kidney, as well as enhanced SCFAs levels in the feces of OVX rats. CONCLUSIONS FLL aqueous extract may preserve bone quality through regulation of the calcium balance and intestinal SCFAs production in OVX rats. This offers translational value of FLL into osteoporosis clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Junping Wei
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy Sciences of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Bingke Xia
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yage Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xuan Dai
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zimengwei Ye
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yimiao Tian
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Dieter Brὃmme
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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149
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He L, Liu Y, Liu D, Feng Y, Yin J, Zhou X. Exogenous and Endogenous Serine Deficiency Exacerbates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4232704. [PMID: 34712382 PMCID: PMC8548146 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4232704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Serine is involved in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. However, whether exogenous or endogenous serine deficiency affects lipid accumulation in the liver and related mechanisms is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of serine deficiency on hepatic fat accumulation in mice fed a serine-deficient diet or in mice supplemented with the D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) inhibitor NCT-503. Both treatments produced an increase in body weight and liver weight and higher triglyceride content in the liver. Both treatments also exacerbated hepatic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Importantly, NCT-503 supplementation significantly inhibited PHGDH activity and decreased the serine content in the liver. Dietary serine deficiency significantly affected the colonic microbiota, characterized by a decreased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and decreased proportion of Bifidobacterium. Dietary serine deficiency additionally resulted in significantly decreased colonic and serum acetate and butyrate levels. The collective results indicate that NCT-503 supplementation may contribute to overaccumulation of hepatic lipid, by causing hepatic serine deficiency, while dietary serine deficiency may produce similar outcomes by affecting the gut-microbiota-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yanzhong Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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150
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Sagar P, Singh V, Gupta R, Kaul S, Sharma S, Kaur S, Bhunia RK, Kondepudi KK, Singhal NK. pH-Triggered, Synbiotic Hydrogel Beads for In Vivo Therapy of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Reduced Inflammatory Response. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7467-7484. [PMID: 35006707 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide nearly affecting two billion people. The efficacies of conventional oral iron supplements are mixed, intravenous iron administration acquaintances with finite but crucial risks. Usually, only 5-20% iron is absorbed in the duodenum while the remaining fraction reaches the colon, affecting the gut microbes and can significantly impact intestinal inflammatory responses. Therefore, administration of gut bacterial modulators such as probiotics, prebiotics, and any other dietary molecules that can stimulate healthy gut bacteria can enhance iron absorption without any adverse side effects. In this study, we have prepared an iron supplement to avoid the side effects of conventional oral iron supplements. The formulation includes co-encapsulation of iron with anti-inflammatory probiotic bacteria within alginate/starch hydrogels (B + I-Dex (H)), which has been demonstrated to be efficient in mitigating IDA in vivo. As intestinal pH increases, the pore size of hydrogel increases due to ionic interactions and thus releases the encapsulated bacteria and iron. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis confirmed the porous structure of hydrogel beads, and in vitro release studies showed a sustained release of iron and bacteria at intestinal pH. The hydrogel was found to be nontoxic and biocompatible in Caco2 cell lines. The formulation showed efficient in vitro and in vivo iron bioavailability in Fe depletion-repletion studies. B + I-Dex (H) was observed to generate less inflammatory response than FeSO4 or nonencapsulated iron dextran (I-Dex) in vivo. We entrust that this duly functional hydrogel formulation could be further utilized or modified for the development of oral therapeutics for IDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sagar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector-81 Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University Chandigarh, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector-81 Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ritika Gupta
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector-81 Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University Chandigarh, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India
| | - Sunaina Kaul
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector-81 Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University Chandigarh, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector-81 Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University Chandigarh, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India
| | - Simranjit Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector-81 Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector-81 Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector-81 Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector-81 Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
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