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Zhou X, Wang R, Wan Z, Zhang P, Wang S. Multiplexed Protein Detection and Parallel Binding Kinetics Analysis with Label-Free Digital Single-Molecule Counting. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1541-1548. [PMID: 36595491 PMCID: PMC10316747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexed protein detection is critical for improving the drug and biomarker screening efficiency. Here, we show that multiplexed protein detection and parallel protein interaction analysis can be realized by evanescent scattering microscopy (ESM). ESM enables binding kinetics measurement with label-free digital single-molecule counting. We implemented an automatic single-molecule counting strategy with high temporal resolution to precisely determine the binding time, which improves the counting efficiency and accuracy. We show that digital single-molecule counting can recognize proteins with different molecular weights, thus making it possible to monitor the protein binding processes in the solution by real-time tracking of the numbers of free and bound proteins landing on the sensor surface. Furthermore, we show that this strategy can simultaneously analyze the kinetics of two different protein interaction processes on the surface and in the solution. This work may pave a way to investigate complicated protein interactions, such as the competition of biomarker-antibody binding in biofluids with biomarker-protein binding on the cellular membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhou
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Zijian Wan
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Electrical, Energy and Computer Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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Sanz‐Castillo B, Hurtado B, Vara‐Ciruelos D, El Bakkali A, Hermida D, Salvador‐Barbero B, Martínez‐Alonso D, González‐Martínez J, Santiveri C, Campos‐Olivas R, Ximénez‐Embún P, Muñoz J, Álvarez‐Fernández M, Malumbres M. The MASTL/PP2A cell cycle kinase-phosphatase module restrains PI3K-Akt activity in an mTORC1-dependent manner. EMBO J 2023; 42:e110833. [PMID: 36354735 PMCID: PMC9841333 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The AKT-mTOR pathway is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Upon sustained mTOR activity, AKT activity is attenuated by a feedback loop that restrains upstream signaling. However, how cells control the signals that limit AKT activity is not fully understood. Here, we show that MASTL/Greatwall, a cell cycle kinase that supports mitosis by phosphorylating the PP2A/B55 inhibitors ENSA/ARPP19, inhibits PI3K-AKT activity by sustaining mTORC1- and S6K1-dependent phosphorylation of IRS1 and GRB10. Genetic depletion of MASTL results in an inefficient feedback loop and AKT hyperactivity. These defects are rescued by the expression of phosphomimetic ENSA/ARPP19 or inhibition of PP2A/B55 phosphatases. MASTL is directly phosphorylated by mTORC1, thereby limiting the PP2A/B55-dependent dephosphorylation of IRS1 and GRB10 downstream of mTORC1. Downregulation of MASTL results in increased glucose uptake in vitro and increased glucose tolerance in adult mice, suggesting the relevance of the MASTL-PP2A/B55 kinase-phosphatase module in controlling AKT and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sanz‐Castillo
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Begoña Hurtado
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Diana Vara‐Ciruelos
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Aicha El Bakkali
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Dario Hermida
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Diego Martínez‐Alonso
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Clara Santiveri
- Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Ramón Campos‐Olivas
- Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Javier Muñoz
- Proteomics UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Mónica Álvarez‐Fernández
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)OviedoSpain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
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Chen Q, Liu F, Wu Y, He Y, Kong Q, Sang H. Fungal melanin-induced metabolic reprogramming in macrophages is crucial for inflammation. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101359. [PMID: 36701872 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of antifungal and immunosuppressant drugs and the higher frequency of organ transplantation has resulted in mycosis being increasingly intractable, and there is a great need for the development of new therapies. Melanin is an important virulence factor that can inhibit the inflammatory response in the host and facilitate fungal survival by several methods. However, a recent study showed that the Akt/mTOR/HIF1α axis in macrophages was activated after melanin-binding proteins recognised the DHN melanin of Aspergillus fumigatus, with a resulting metabolic shift towards glycolysis (i.e., metabolic reprogramming). As a result, antimicrobial compounds (e.g., inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species) were increased to fight the fungal invasion. Actually, DHN melanin from other fungi and DOPA melanin can induce inflammation and stimulate the production of melanin-binding antibodies. In addition, DOPA melanin contains conserved repeating units that are similar to those of DHN melanin. Therefore, we evaluated the associated evidence to propose an interesting and reasonable hypothesis that melanin promotes inflammation by metabolic reprogramming, which could provide a research direction for antifungal therapy. It suggests that regulating the metabolism of immune cells can guide the inflammatory response against fungi, despite the presence of immunosuppressant melanin. Since the biochemical molecules of glycolysis are clearly described, regulating glycolysis in macrophages may be easier than inventing new antifungal drugs. Further clarification of our hypothesis may strengthen the candidacy of melanin for future antifungal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210002, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210002, China
| | - Yifan He
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210002, China
| | - Qingtao Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210002, China.
| | - Hong Sang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, China; Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210002, China.
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Longo V, Aloi N, Lo Presti E, Fiannaca A, Longo A, Adamo G, Urso A, Meraviglia S, Bongiovanni A, Cibella F, Colombo P. Impact of the flame retardant 2,2'4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) in THP-1 macrophage-like cell function via small extracellular vesicles. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1069207. [PMID: 36685495 PMCID: PMC9852912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1069207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
2,2'4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) is one of the most widespread environmental brominated flame-retardant congeners which has also been detected in animal and human tissues. Several studies have reported the effects of PBDEs on different health issues, including neurobehavioral and developmental disorders, reproductive health, and alterations of thyroid function. Much less is known about its immunotoxicity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects that treatment of THP-1 macrophage-like cells with PBDE-47 could have on the content of small extracellular vesicles' (sEVs) microRNA (miRNA) cargo and their downstream effects on bystander macrophages. To achieve this, we purified sEVs from PBDE-47 treated M(LPS) THP-1 macrophage-like cells (sEVsPBDE+LPS) by means of ultra-centrifugation and characterized their miRNA cargo by microarray analysis detecting the modulation of 18 miRNAs. Furthermore, resting THP-1 derived M(0) macrophage-like cells were cultured with sEVsPBDE+LPS, showing that the treatment reshaped the miRNA profiles of 12 intracellular miRNAs. This dataset was studied in silico, identifying the biological pathways affected by these target genes. This analysis identified 12 pathways all involved in the maturation and polarization of macrophages. Therefore, to evaluate whether sEVsPBDE+LPS can have some immunomodulatory activity, naïve M(0) THP-1 macrophage-like cells cultured with purified sEVsPBDE+LPS were studied for IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β mRNAs expression and immune stained with the HLA-DR, CD80, CCR7, CD38 and CD209 antigens and analyzed by flow cytometry. This analysis showed that the PBDE-47 treatment does not induce the expression of specific M1 and M2 cytokine markers of differentiation and may have impaired the ability to make immunological synapses and present antigens, down-regulating the expression of HLA-DR and CD209 antigens. Overall, our study supports the model that perturbation of miRNA cargo by PBDE-47 treatment contributes to the rewiring of cellular regulatory pathways capable of inducing perturbation of differentiation markers on naïve resting M(0) THP-1 macrophage-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Noemi Aloi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Lo Presti
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Fiannaca
- High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Adamo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfonso Urso
- High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Bongiovanni
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy,*Correspondence: Paolo Colombo,
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Effect of rapamycin treatment in human seminoma TCam-2 cells through inhibition of G1-S transition. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1009-1018. [PMID: 36598515 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important serine/threonine kinase that plays a critical role in several processes including cell cycle, protein synthesis, and energy metabolism. Due to its multiple roles and general dysregulation in cancer, the mTOR pathway is an important target in cancer therapy. However, studies on mTOR activity in seminoma are limited. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the expression of mTOR signaling pathway proteins in the TCam-2 cell line after rapamycin treatment. TCam-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of rapamycin (control (no rapamycin treatment), 4 nM, 20 nM, 100 nM, 500 nM, and 1000 nM rapamycin) for 48 h and 72 h. mTOR, p-mTOR, P70S6K, p-P70S6K, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and caspase-3 expression levels were analyzed by western blot. Apotosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. After 48 h of rapamycin administration, mTOR activity was significantly decreased at 1000 nM (p < 0.05). In addition, P70S6K acitivity significantly decreased in groups at all rapamycin concentrations (***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). After 72 h of rapamycin administration, mTOR pathway activity were significantly decreased at 100, 500, and 1000 nM rapamycin-treated groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, P70S6K expression decreased in all treatment groups (****p < 0.0001). Caspase-3 expression were similar in all groups. While PCNA expression tended to decrease at 48 h in a dose-dependent manner, this decrease was not significant. We detected decreased PCNA expression at 1000 nM rapamycin at 72 h (p < 0.05). The rate of apoptosis increased especially at 1000 nM rapamycin at 72 h (***p < 0.001). On the other hand, according to the results of the cell cycle experiment, G1 phase arrest was detected at all rapamycin doses at 48 and 72 h (***p < 0.001). Our study indicated that 1000 nM rapamycin may inhibit TCam-2 seminoma cells growth by halting cell proliferation through inhibition of G1-S transition. Therefore, we believe that the findings obtained will contribute to the development of new treatment approaches for seminoma patients in the future and in the process of restoring testicular functions and preserving fertility.
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106
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Wang S, Zhang C, Xu Z, Chen MH, Yu H, Wang L, Liu R. Differential impact of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling on tumor initiation and progression in animal models of prostate cancer. Prostate 2023; 83:97-108. [PMID: 36164668 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is essential for initiation and progression of prostate cancer. However, there has been no a comprehensive comparison for the role of these signaling nodes in prostate tumor initiation and progression. METHODS With genetically engineered animal models, we compared the impact of prostate-specific deletions of Pten, Tsc1, and Tsc2 and activation of Akt1 on tumor initiation and progression. Also, we assessed the expression and genetic alterations of PTEN, AKT1, TSC1, and TSC2 in human primary prostate cancers. RESULTS For the genetically engineered mice, prostate conditional knockout (cKO) of Pten, Tsc1, and Tsc2 led to initiation and progression of mouse prostatic neoplasia hyperplasia (mPIN). Akt1 transgenic mice developed more aggressive mPINs than mice with Tsc1 or Tsc2 single-cKO, but the effect was more moderate than that for Pten single-cKO or Tsc1/Tsc2 double-cKO mice. Functional analyses showed that Pten single-cKO, AKT1 activation, and Tsc1/Tsc2 double-cKO induced cell proliferation more than Tsc1 or Tsc2 single-cKO, but only Pten single-cKO and AKT1 activation reduced epithelial adhesion. All cKO or AKT1 activation enhanced the phosphorylation of p-S6 (S235/236) but only Pten single-cKO and Tsc1/Tsc2 double-cKO enhanced the phosphorylation of p-AKT (S473) and p-4EBP1 (T37/46/70). In human prostate cancers, PTEN, but not AKT1, TSC1, or TSC2 had frequent genetic alterations. However, as key signaling nodes, AKT1, TSC1, and TSC2 may be responsible for PTEN loss-mediated tumor initiation and progression. CONCLUSION Our results for genetically engineered mouse models suggest a differential role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling nodes in prostate cancer initiation and progression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unaddressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibin Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael H Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Runhua Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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107
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Li JJ, Li YL, Chu W, Li GQ, Zhang M, Dong JJ, Li L, Li CH, Zhang JB, Li JW, Jin XJ, Liu YQ. Astragaloside IV alleviates cytarabine-induced intestinal mucositis by remodeling macrophage polarization through AKT signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154605. [PMID: 36610133 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal mucositis (IM) is one of the common side effects of chemotherapy with Cytarabine (Ara-C) and contributes to the major dose-limiting factor of chemotherapy, while the effective drug for IM is little. Astragalus, one of the main active components extrated from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (AS-IV), is a common Chinese herbal medicine used in gastrointestinal diseases. However, the effect and mechanism of AS-IV on IM is unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that M1 macrophages play a pivotal role in IM progression. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to explore the protection of AS-IV and its potential molecular mechanism on intestinal mucositis injury induced by Ara-C. METHOD The protective effect of AS-IV was investigated in LPS-induced macrophages and Ara-C-induced intestinal mucositis mouse model. H&E, immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to evaluate the damage in different doses of Ara-C. Silencing AKT targeted by siRNA was performed to explore the potential mechanisms regulating macrophage polarization effect of Ara-C, which was investigated by CCK-8, immunofluorescence and western blotting. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to detect macrophage surface marker proteins and inflammatory genes to explore the potential molecular mechanism of AS-IV regulating macrophage polarization. RESULTS The Cytarabine intervention at dose of 100mg/kg significantly induced IM in mice, with the ileum the most obvious site of injury, accompanied by decreased intestinal barrier, intestinal macrophage polarization to M1 and inflammation response. The administration of AS-IV improved weight loss, food intake, ileal morphological damage, intestinal barrier destruction and inflammatory factor release in mice induced by Ara-c, and also suppressed macrophage polarization to M1, regulating in phenotypic changes in macrophages. In vitro, the expression of M1 macrophage surface marker protein was markedly decreased in LPS-induced macrophages after silencing AKT. Similarly, the western blotting of intestinal tissues and molecular docking indicated that the key mechanisms of AS-IV were remodel AKT signaling, and finally regulating M1 macrophages and decrease inflammation response. CONCLUSION Our study highlights that AS-IV exerts protective effect in Ara-C-induced IM through inhibit polarization to M1 macrophages based on AKT, and AS-IV may serve as a novel AKT inhibitor to counteract the intestinal adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ling Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Chu
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gao-Qin Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan-Juan Dong
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin-Bao Zhang
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wei Li
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Jin
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qi Liu
- Gansu University Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine & Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Dun Huang Medical and Transformation, Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.
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108
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Armstrong AR, Boggs CL. Antibody development to identify components of IIS and mTOR signaling pathways in lepidopteran species, a set of non-model insects. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000755. [PMID: 36879981 PMCID: PMC9984946 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional stress impacts many insect species that have differing reproductive strategies and life histories, yet it is unclear how nutrient-sensing signaling pathways mediate tissue-specific responses to changes in dietary input. In Drosophila melanogaster , insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IIS) and mTOR-mediated signaling within adipocytes regulates oogenesis. To facilitate comparative study of nutrient-sensing pathway activity in the fat body, we developed antibodies to assess IIS (anti-FOXO) and mTOR signaling (anti-TOR) across three nymphalid species (Lepidoptera). By optimizing whole-mount fat body immunostaining, we find FOXO nuclear enrichment in adult adipocytes, like that observed in Drosophila . Additionally, we show a previously uncharacterized TOR localization pattern in the fat body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa R Armstrong
- Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Carol L Boggs
- School of the Earth, Ocean & Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
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Huang S, Xu K, Xu Y, Zhao L, He X. TSC2/PKD1 contiguous deletion syndrome in a pregnant woman: A case report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1101079. [PMID: 36895714 PMCID: PMC9988899 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene deletion syndrome is a disease caused by the deletions of the TSC2 and PKD1 genes. This is a rare contiguous genomic disease with clinical manifestations of tuberous sclerosis and polycystic kidney disease. To our knowledge, this case report is the first known case of TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene deletions in a pregnant woman. The patient had multiple renal cysts, angiomyolipoma, hypomelanotic macules, shagreen patch, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, multiple cortical tubers, and subependymal nodules. The patient underwent genetic testing. To exclude genetic defects in the fetus, prenatal fetal genetic testing was performed after obtaining the patient's consent. We found an increasing trend in the size of renal cysts and renal angiomyolipomas in patients with polycystic kidney with tuberous sclerosis during pregnancy. Through enhanced clinical monitoring of patients and prenatal genetic testing of the fetus, timely and effective clinical intervention for the mother may be achieved, thus obtaining the best possible outcome for both mother and fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kangxiang Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuqi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoju He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Gellerson O, Bree J, Das M, Kleinman G, Gandhi CD. Defining the role of mTOR pathway in the regulation of stem cells of glioblastoma. Adv Biol Regul 2022; 88:100946. [PMID: 36658088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine kinase, functions by forming two multiprotein complexes termed mTORC1 and mTORC2. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a uniformly fatal brain tumor that remains incurable partly due to the existence of untreatable cancer stem cells (CSC). The pathogenesis of GBM is largely due to the loss of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN, which is implicated in the aberrant activation of the mTOR pathway. The major cause of tumor recurrence, growth, and invasion is the presence of the unique population of CSC. Resistance to conventional therapies appears to be caused by both extensive genetic abnormalities and dysregulation of the transcription landscape. Consequently, CSCs have emerged as targets of interest in new treatment paradigms. Evidence suggests that inhibition of the mTOR pathway can also be applied to target CSCs. Here we explored the role of the mTOR pathway in the regulation of stem cells of GBM by treating them with inhibitors of canonical PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways such as rapamycin (mTORC1 inhibitor), PP242 (ATP binding mTORC1/2 inhibitor), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), and MAPK inhibitor, U0126. A significant number of GBM tumors expressed stem cell marker nestin and activated mTOR (pmTORSer2448), with most tumor cells co-expressing both markers. The expression of stem cell marker NANOG was suppressed following rapamycin treatment. The neurospheres were disrupted following rapamycin and LY294002 treatments. Rapamycin or PP242 along with differentiating agent All-trans-retinoic acid reduced stem cell proliferation. Treatment with novel small molecule inhibitors of mTORC1/2 demonstrated that Torin1 and Torin2 suppressed the proliferation of GBM CSC, while XL388 was less effective. Torin1 and XL388 delay the process of self-renewal as compared to controls, whereas Torin2 halted self-renewal. Torin2 was able to eradicate tumor cells. In conclusion, Torin2 effectively targeted CSCs of GBM by halting self-renewal and inhibiting cell proliferation, underscoring the use of Torin2 in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
| | - Olivia Gellerson
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Julie Bree
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Mohan Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - George Kleinman
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Chirag D Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
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111
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Liang J, Jia L, Niu S, Cheng K, Yang C, Lu Z, Mu L, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang H. In vivo promotion of primordial follicle activation by stem cell factor treatment in mice with premature ovarian insufficiency and advanced age. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 29:6881085. [PMID: 36477300 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dormant primordial follicles (PFs) are the most abundant reproductive resource in mammalian ovaries. With advances in the mechanism of study of the regulation of PF activation, PFs have been used to improve fertility in clinical practice. As a central controlling element of follicle activation signaling, the pre-granulosa cell-secreted stem cell factor (SCF; also known as KIT ligand, KITL), which initiates the growth of dormant oocytes, is an ideal natural activator that stimulates follicle activation. However, no systematic study has been conducted to identify the activating effect of SCF in vivo and in vitro. In this study, by combining an in vitro whole ovary culture system and several mouse models, we provide a series of experimental evidence that SCF is an efficient activator for improving PF activation in mouse ovaries. Our in vitro study showed that SCF increased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and PF activation ratio in neonatal ovaries. In vivo ovarian non-invasive topical administrations of SCF to the ovaries efficiently improved follicle activation and development, oocyte retrieval ratio and fertility in inducible premature ovarian insufficiency mouse models and aged mice. Our study suggests that SCF is an efficient growth factor that can be applied to improve PF activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health (Institute of Nutrition and Health), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Longzhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shudong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zining Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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PGC-1α Regulates Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Modulating Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase 1 Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010159. [PMID: 36612155 PMCID: PMC9818264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mounting evidence has demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) can promote tumorigenesis, its role in cancer remains controversial. To find potential target molecules of PGC-1α, GeneFishingTM DEG (differentially expressed genes) screening was performed using stable HEK293 cell lines expressing PGC-1α (PGC-1α-HEK293). As results, leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) was upregulated. Western blot analysis showed that LARS1 was increased in PGC-1α overexpressed SW480 cells but decreased in PGC-1α shRNA knockdown SW620 cells. Several studies have suggested that LARS1 can be a potential target of anticancer agents. However, the molecular network of PGC-1α and LARS1 in human colorectal cancer cells remains unclear. LARS1 overexpression enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas LARS1 knockdown reduced them. We also observed that expression levels of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and vimentin were regulated by LARS1 expression. We aimed to investigate whether effects of PGC-1α on cell proliferation and invasion were mediated by LARS1. Our results showed that PGC-1α might modulate cell proliferation and invasion by regulating LARS1 expression. These results suggest that LARS1 inhibitors might be used as anticancer agents in PGC-1α-overexpressing colorectal cancer. Further studies are needed in the future to clarify the detailed molecular mechanism by which PGC-1α regulates LARS1 expression.
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The Importance of mTORC1-Autophagy Axis for Skeletal Muscle Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010297. [PMID: 36613741 PMCID: PMC9820406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1, mTORC1, integrates nutrient and growth factor signals with cellular responses and plays critical roles in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and lifespan. mTORC1 signaling has been reported as a central regulator of autophagy by modulating almost all aspects of the autophagic process, including initiation, expansion, and termination. An increasing number of studies suggest that mTORC1 and autophagy are critical for the physiological function of skeletal muscle and are involved in diverse muscle diseases. Here, we review recent insights into the essential roles of mTORC1 and autophagy in skeletal muscles and their implications in human muscle diseases. Multiple inhibitors targeting mTORC1 or autophagy have already been clinically approved, while others are under development. These chemical modulators that target the mTORC1/autophagy pathways represent promising potentials to cure muscle diseases.
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114
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Li Q, Li Z, Luo T, Shi H. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways for cancer therapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:47. [PMID: 36539659 PMCID: PMC9768098 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways are commonly activated by mutations and chromosomal translocation in vital targets. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is dysregulated in nearly all kinds of neoplasms, with the component in this pathway alternations. RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascades are used to conduct signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus to mediate gene expression, cell cycle processes and apoptosis. RAS, B-Raf, PI3K, and PTEN are frequent upstream alternative sites. These mutations resulted in activated cell growth and downregulated cell apoptosis. The two pathways interact with each other to participate in tumorigenesis. PTEN alterations suppress RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activity via AKT phosphorylation and RAS inhibition. Several inhibitors targeting major components of these two pathways have been supported by the FDA. Dozens of agents in these two pathways have attracted great attention and have been assessed in clinical trials. The combination of small molecular inhibitors with traditional regimens has also been explored. Furthermore, dual inhibitors provide new insight into antitumor activity. This review will further comprehensively describe the genetic alterations in normal patients and tumor patients and discuss the role of targeted inhibitors in malignant neoplasm therapy. We hope this review will promote a comprehensive understanding of the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways in facilitating tumors and will help direct drug selection for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ting Luo
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Breast, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Huashan Shi
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, P. R. China
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115
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Panda DK, Bai X, Zhang Y, Stylianesis NA, Koromilas AE, Lipman ML, Karaplis AC. SCF-SKP2 E3 ubiquitin ligase links mTORC1/ER stress/ISR with YAP activation in murine renal cystogenesis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:153943. [PMID: 36326820 PMCID: PMC9754004 DOI: 10.1172/jci153943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway nuclear effector Yes-associated protein (YAP) potentiates the progression of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) arising from ciliopathies. The mechanisms underlying the increase in YAP expression and transcriptional activity in PKD remain obscure. We observed that in kidneys from mice with juvenile cystic kidney (jck) ciliopathy, the aberrant hyperactivity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), driven by ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT cascades, induced ER proteotoxic stress. To reduce this stress by reprogramming translation, the protein kinase R-like ER kinase-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (PERK/eIF2α) arm of the integrated stress response (ISR) was activated. PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α drove the selective translation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), potentiating YAP expression. In parallel, YAP underwent K63-linked polyubiquitination by SCF S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) E3 ubiquitin ligase, a Hippo-independent, nonproteolytic ubiquitination that enhances YAP nuclear trafficking and transcriptional activity in cancer cells. Defective ISR cellular adaptation to ER stress in eIF2α phosphorylation-deficient jck mice further augmented YAP-mediated transcriptional activity and renal cyst growth. Conversely, pharmacological tuning down of ER stress/ISR activity and SKP2 expression in jck mice by administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) or tolvaptan impeded these processes. Restoring ER homeostasis and/or interfering with the SKP2-YAP interaction represent potential therapeutic avenues for stemming the progression of renal cystogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu K. Panda
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital,,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital
| | - Xiuying Bai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital
| | | | - Antonis E. Koromilas
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark L. Lipman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital
| | - Andrew C. Karaplis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital
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116
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Wang Y, Li T, Yang L, Zhang X, Wang X, Su X, Ji C, Wang Z. Cancer-associated fibroblast-released extracellular vesicles carrying miR-199a-5p induces the progression of gastric cancer through regulation of FKBP5-mediated AKT1/mTORC1 signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2590-2601. [PMID: 36005478 PMCID: PMC9704384 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has unfolded the significance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in diseases and cancers. Here, we attempted to discuss the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived EVs containing miR-199a-5p in gastric tumorigenesis. Upregulated miR-199a-5p was first identified in cancer cells. Then, we selected CAFs for isolation of EVs which were co-cultured with AGS cells. We observed successful delivery of miR-199a-5p via CAF-derived EVs. Besides, miR-199a-5p promoted malignant properties of AGS cells. Moreover, miR-199a-5p downregulated FKBP5, leading to upregulated phosphorylation level of AKT1, which promoted the malignant phenotypes of AGS cells by activating mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1). Exosomal miR-199a-5p from CAFs promoted gastric tumorigenesis in vivo. Our findings point toward the critical role of CAFs-derived EVs carrying miR-199a-5p in gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Xunlei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Congfei Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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117
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Wang G, Zhang J, Wu S, Qin S, Zheng Y, Xia C, Geng H, Yao J, Deng L. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis through peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:121-131. [PMID: 36204284 PMCID: PMC9516411 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cattle can efficiently perform de novo generation of glucose through hepatic gluconeogenesis to meet post-weaning glucose demand. Substantial evidence points to cattle and non-ruminant animals being characterized by phylogenetic features in terms of their differing capacity for hepatic gluconeogenesis, a process that is highly efficient in cattle yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we used a variety of transcriptome data, as well as tissue and cell-based methods to uncover the mechanisms of high-efficiency hepatic gluconeogenesis in cattle. We showed that cattle can efficiently convert propionate into pyruvate, at least partly, via high expression of acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1 (ACSS1), propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain (PCCA), methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (MCEE), methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT), and succinate-CoA ligase (SUCLG2) genes in the liver (P < 0.01). Moreover, higher expression of the rate-limiting enzymes of gluconeogenesis, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP), ensures the efficient operation of hepatic gluconeogenesis in cattle (P < 0.01). Mechanistically, we found that cattle liver exhibits highly active mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), and the expressions of PCCA, MMUT, SUCLG2, PCK, and FBP genes are regulated by the activation of mTORC1 (P < 0.001). Finally, our results showed that mTORC1 promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) dependent manner. Collectively, our results not only revealed an important mechanism responsible for the quantitative differences in the efficiency of hepatic gluconeogenesis in cattle versus non-ruminant animals, but also established that mTORC1 is indeed involved in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis through PGC-1α. These results provide a novel potential insight into promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis through activated mTORC1 in both ruminants and mammals.
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118
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Applications and mechanisms of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, PD-0332991, in solid tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1053-1071. [PMID: 36087253 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal CDK4/6-Rb-E2F signal transduction is a common finding in tumors and is a driving factor for the excessive proliferation of various tumor cells. PD-0332991, a highly specific, small molecule inhibitor for CDK4 and 6, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth by abrogating the phosphorylating capacity of CDK4/6 and suppressing Rb phosphorylation. It has been promoted for the treatment of breast cancer and potentially for other tumor types such as liver cancers, lung cancers and sarcomas. Due to the risk of monotherapy resistance, PD-0332991 is commonly used in combination with other drugs. Such combination treatments have proved able to inhibit tumor proliferation more effectively, induce stronger senescence and apoptosis, and enhance the efficiency of immunotherapy. Therefore, tumor cells with senescence induced by PD-0332991 are now used as ideal screening tools of cytolytic drugs with more efficient and thorough anti-tumor properties. With more extensive understandings about the branching points between senescence and apoptosis, it is possible to refine the dosage of PD-0332991. Better characterization of resistant cells, of inhibitors and of adverse effects such as leukopenia are needed to overcome obstacles in the use of PD-0332991. In this review of PD-0332991 research, we hope to provide guidance of transitions from laboratory findings to clinical applications of PD-0332991 and to facilitate PD-0332991-based multi-inhibitor combination therapies for various tumors.
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119
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Zhao X, Wang S, Wang S, Xie J, Cui D. mTOR signaling: A pivotal player in Treg cell dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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120
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Villarino AV, Laurence ADJ, Davis FP, Nivelo L, Brooks SR, Sun HW, Jiang K, Afzali B, Frasca D, Hennighausen L, Kanno Y, O’Shea JJ. A central role for STAT5 in the transcriptional programing of T helper cell metabolism. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl9467. [PMID: 36427325 PMCID: PMC9844264 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl9467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Activated lymphocytes adapt their metabolism to meet the energetic and biosynthetic demands imposed by rapid growth and proliferation. Common gamma chain (cγ) family cytokines are central to these processes, but the role of downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling, which is engaged by all cγ members, is poorly understood. Using genome-, transcriptome-, and metabolome-wide analyses, we demonstrate that STAT5 is a master regulator of energy and amino acid metabolism in CD4+ T helper cells. Mechanistically, STAT5 localizes to an array of enhancers and promoters for genes encoding essential enzymes and transporters, where it facilitates p300 recruitment and epigenetic remodeling. We also find that STAT5 licenses the activity of two other key metabolic regulators, the mTOR signaling pathway and the MYC transcription factor. Building on the latter, we present evidence for transcriptome-wide cooperation between STAT5 and MYC in both normal and transformed T cells. Together, our data provide a molecular framework for transcriptional programing of T cell metabolism downstream of cγ cytokines and highlight the JAK-STAT pathway in mediating cellular growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro V. Villarino
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Arian DJ Laurence
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fred P. Davis
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Celsius Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luis Nivelo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephen R. Brooks
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kan Jiang
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuka Kanno
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John J. O’Shea
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ueda Y, Miura Y, Tomishige N, Sugimoto N, Murase M, Kawamura G, Sasaki N, Ishiwata T, Ozawa T. Mechanistic insights into cancer drug resistance through optogenetic PI3K signaling hyperactivation. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1576-1587.e5. [PMID: 36288730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is a prominent feature in cancer cells. However, the mechanism underlying malignant behaviors in the state remains unknown. Here, we describe a mechanism of cancer drug resistance through the protein synthesis pathway, downstream of PI3K signaling. An optogenetic tool (named PPAP2) controlling PI3K signaling was developed. Melanoma cells stably expressing PPAP2 (A375-PPAP2) acquired resistance to a cancer drug in the hyperactivation state. Proteome analyses revealed that expression of the antiapoptotic factor tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) was upregulated. TNFAIP8 upregulation was mediated by protein translation from preexisting mRNA. These results suggest that cancer cells escape death via upregulation of TNFAIP8 expression from preexisting mRNA even though alkylating cancer drugs damage DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshibumi Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Murase
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genki Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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122
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Kim D, Khin PP, Lim OK, Jun HS. LPA/LPAR1 signaling induces PGAM1 expression via AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway and increases aerobic glycolysis, contributing to keratinocyte proliferation. Life Sci 2022; 311:121201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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123
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Cao M, Wang X, Guo S, Kang Y, Pei J, Guo X. F1 Male Sterility in Cattle-Yak Examined through Changes in Testis Tissue and Transcriptome Profiles. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192711. [PMID: 36230452 PMCID: PMC9559613 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cattle-yak, a crossbreed of cattle and yak, has evident heterosis but F1 male cattle-yak is unable to generate sperm and is sterile, which limits the fixation of heterosis. This study analyzed the differences in testicular tissue development between four-year-old yak and cattle-yak from the perspective of histomorphological changes and sequenced the testicular tissue of the two using RNA-seq technology, examining the differential gene expression related to spermatogenesis and apoptosis. These findings offer a theoretical explanation for the sterility in F1 male cattle-yak that can help yak hybridization. Abstract Male-derived sterility in cattle-yaks, a hybrid deriving from yak and cattle, is a challenging problem. This study compared and analyzed the histomorphological differences in testis between sexually mature yak and cattle-yak, and examined the transcriptome differences employing RNA-seq. The study found that yak seminiferous tubules contained spermatogenic cells at all levels, while cattle-yak seminiferous tubules had reduced spermatogonia (SPG) and primary spermatocyte (Pri-SPC), fewer secondary spermatocytes (Sec-SPC), an absence of round spermatids (R-ST) and sperms (S), and possessed large vacuoles. All of these conditions could have significantly reduced the volume and weight of cattle-yak testis compared to that of yak. RNA-seq analysis identified 8473 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 3580 upregulated and 4893 downregulated). GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment evaluations for DEGs found their relation mostly to spermatogenesis and apoptosis. Among the DEGs, spermatogonia stem cell (SSCs) marker genes (Gfra1, CD9, SOHLH1, SALL4, ID4, and FOXO1) and genes involved in apoptosis (Fas, caspase3, caspase6, caspase7, caspase8, CTSK, CTSB and CTSC) were significantly upregulated, while differentiation spermatogenic cell marker genes (Ccna1, PIWIL1, TNP1, and TXNDC2) and meiosis-related genes (TEX14, TEX15, MEIOB, STAG3 and M1AP) were significantly downregulated in cattle-yak. Furthermore, the alternative splicing events in cattle-yak were substantially decreased than in yak, suggesting that the lack of protein subtypes could be another reason for spermatogenic arrest in cattle-yak testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Cao
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shaoke Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yandong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18993037854
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Liu C, Yan H, Wu J, Wang Z, He S, Zhao L, Zeng X. Lysosomes-targeting near-infrared fluorescent probe for the detection of pH in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 278:121368. [PMID: 35569197 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new near-infrared fluorescent probe Qcy-OH with a turn-on mechanism based on a acceptor-donor-acceptor (ADA) π-electron system that can undergo an internal charge transfer to form new fluorochromes was developed for monitoring pH fluctuations in biological systems. With the pH value increases, Qcy-OH exhibited a strong pH-sensitive response from 1.1 to 9.0 (pKa = 4.41) and a good linear response from pH 3.0 to 5.5 in aqueous solution and in living cells. In addition, based on the phenolic and ketonic structure interconversions of the fluorescent backbone, Qcy-OH showed rapidly and reversibly response to pH with high selectivity. Because the introduce of two benzothiazolium units in the backbone of the probe as the electron-withdrawing group to enhance the selectivity for intracellular lysosomes, the probe had been applied successfully for tracking lysosomal pH changes and the fluorescence changes showed a good linear enhancement from pH 3.0 to 7.4 in living cells. We believe that this sulfur-driving lysosomes-targeting ability of the probe affords a guarantee for achieving long-term monitoring of lysosomal pH biology by the elimination of harmful protonating effects of the probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Song He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xianshun Zeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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125
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Abou Daher A, Alkhansa S, Azar WS, Rafeh R, Ghadieh HE, Eid AA. Translational Aspects of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complexes in Diabetic Nephropathy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:802-819. [PMID: 34544257 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Despite the many efforts put into understanding diabetic nephropathy (DN), direct treatments for DN have yet to be discovered. Understanding the mechanisms behind DN is an essential step in the development of novel therapeutic regimens. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has emerged as an important candidate in the quest for drug discovery because of its role in regulating growth, proliferation, as well as protein and lipid metabolism. Recent Advances: Kidney cells have been found to rely on basal autophagy for survival and for conserving kidney integrity. Recent studies have shown that diabetes induces renal autophagy deregulation, leading to kidney injury. Hyper-activation of the mTOR pathway and oxidative stress have been suggested to play a role in diabetes-induced autophagy imbalance. Critical Issues: A detailed understanding of the role of mTOR signaling in diabetes-associated complications is of major importance in the search for a cure. In this review, we provide evidence that mTOR is heavily implicated in diabetes-induced kidney injury. We suggest possible mechanisms through which mTOR exerts its negative effects by increasing insulin resistance, upregulating oxidative stress, and inhibiting autophagy. Future Directions: Both increased oxidative stress and autophagy deregulation are deeply embedded in DN. However, the mechanisms controlling oxidative stress and autophagy are not well understood. Although Akt/mTOR signaling seems to play an important role in oxidative stress and autophagy, further investigation is required to uncover the details of this signaling pathway. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 802-819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abou Daher
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Alkhansa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - William S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rim Rafeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hilda E Ghadieh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,AUB Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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126
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Hu J, Baydyuk M, Huang JK. Impact of amino acids on microglial activation and CNS remyelination. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 66:102287. [PMID: 36067684 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids and their derivatives function as building blocks as well as signaling molecules to modulate various cellular processes in living organisms. In mice, amino acids accumulate in demyelinated lesions and return to basal levels during remyelination. Studies have found that amino acids and their metabolites modulate immune activity in the central nervous system (CNS) and influence oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination efficiency. In this review, we discuss current studies on amino acid metabolism in the context of CNS remyelination. By understanding the mechanisms of amino acid signaling and metabolism in demyelinated lesions, we may deepen our understanding of compartmentalized CNS inflammation in demyelinating disease like multiple sclerosis (MS) and provide evidence to develop novel pharmacological therapies targeting amino acid metabolism to prevent disease worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Hu
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O St., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Maryna Baydyuk
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O St., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA; Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, 37th and O St., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Huang
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O St., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA; Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, 37th and O St., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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127
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Filippone A, Esposito E, Mannino D, Lyssenko N, Praticò D. The contribution of altered neuronal autophagy to neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108178. [PMID: 35351465 PMCID: PMC9510148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defects in cellular functions related to altered protein homeostasis and associated progressive accumulation of pathological intracellular material is a critical process involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Autophagy is an essential mechanism that ensures neuronal health by removing long-lived proteins or defective organelles and by doing so prevents cell toxicity and death within the central nervous system. Abundant evidence has shown that neuronal autophagy pathways are altered in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and traumas of the central nervous system including Spinal Cord Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury. In this review, we aimed to summarize the latest studies on the role that altered neuronal autophagy plays in brain health and these pathological conditions, and how this knowledge can be leveraged for the development of novel therapeutics against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Filippone
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D' Alcontres 31. 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D' Alcontres 31. 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Deborah Mannino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D' Alcontres 31. 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicholas Lyssenko
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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128
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Yao Q, Zou X, Liu S, Wu H, Shen Q, Kang J. Oxidative Stress as a Contributor to Insulin Resistance in the Skeletal Muscles of Mice with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911384. [PMID: 36232686 PMCID: PMC9569700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic disorder. Circulating markers of oxidative stress are abnormal in women with PCOS. There is a close relationship between oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR). However, little information is available about oxidative stress in the skeletal muscles of those affected by PCOS. In this study, PCOS was induced in prepubertal C57BL/6J mice by injection with dehydroepiandrosterone. Oxidative stress biomarkers were then measured in both serum and skeletal muscles. The underlying mechanisms were investigated in C2C12 myotubes treated with testosterone (T). We discovered increased oxidative biomarkers, increased ROS production, and damaged insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscles of mice with PCOS. High levels of T caused mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS levels through the androgen receptor (AR)-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) signaling pathway in C2C12 cells. Treatment of C2C12 cells with an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) decreased T-induced ROS production, improved mitochondrial function, and reversed IR. Administration of NAC to mice with PCOS improved insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscles of the animals. Hyperandrogenism caused mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance in the skeletal muscles of mice with PCOS. We discovered that oxidative stress contributed to skeletal muscle IR in PCOS. Reducing ROS levels may improve the insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscles in patients with PCOS.
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129
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Oncolytic Avian Reovirus p17-Modulated Inhibition of mTORC1 by Enhancement of Endogenous mTORC1 Inhibitors Binding to mTORC1 To Disrupt Its Assembly and Accumulation on Lysosomes. J Virol 2022; 96:e0083622. [PMID: 35946936 PMCID: PMC9472607 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00836-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which avian reovirus (ARV)-modulated suppression of mTORC1 triggers autophagy remains largely unknown. In this work, we determined that p17 functions as a negative regulator of mTORC1. This study suggest novel mechanisms whereby p17-modulated inhibition of mTORC1 occurs via upregulation of p53, inactivation of Akt, and enhancement of binding of the endogenous mTORC1 inhibitors (PRAS40, FKBP38, and FKPP12) to mTORC1 to disrupt its assembly and accumulation on lysosomes. p17-modulated inhibition of Akt leads to activation of the downstream targets PRAS40 and TSC2, which results in mTORC1 inhibition, thereby triggering autophagy and translation shutoff, which is favorable for virus replication. p17 impairs the interaction of mTORC1 with its activator Rheb, which promotes FKBP38 interaction with mTORC1. It is worth noting that p17 activates ULK1 and Beclin1 and increases the formation of the Beclin 1/class III PI3K complex. These effects could be reversed in the presence of insulin or depletion of p53. Furthermore, we found that p17 induces autophagy in cancer cell lines by upregulating the p53/PTEN pathway, which inactivates Akt and mTORC1. This study highlights p17-modulated inhibition of Akt and mTORC1, which triggers autophagy and translation shutoff by positively modulating the tumor suppressors p53 and TSC2 and endogenous mTORC1 inhibitors. IMPORTANCE The mechanisms by which p17-modulated inhibition of mTORC1 induces autophagy and translation shutoff is elucidated. In this work, we determined that p17 serves as a negative regulator of mTORC1. This study provides several lines of conclusive evidence demonstrating that p17-modulated inhibition of mTORC1 occurs via upregulation of the p53/PTEN pathway, downregulation of the Akt/Rheb/mTORC1 pathway, enhancement of binding of the endogenous mTORC1 inhibitors to mTORC1 to disrupt its assembly, and suppression of mTORC1 accumulation on lysosomes. This work provides valuable information for better insights into p17-modulated inhibition of mTORC1, which induces autophagy and translation shutoff to benefit virus replication.
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130
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Wang C, Li Y, Tian Y, Ma W, Sun Y. Effects of polymer carriers on the occurrence and development of autophagy in drug delivery. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3676-3688. [PMID: 36133340 PMCID: PMC9470016 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00355d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that can degrade cytoplasmic materials and recycle energy to maintain metabolite homeostasis in cells. Autophagy is closely related to various physiological or pathological processes. Macromolecular materials are widely used in drug delivery systems and disease treatments due to their intrinsic effects, such as altered pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Interaction of autophagic flux or the signal pathway with macromolecules may cause autophagy inhibition or autophagy cell death. This review covers autophagy regulation pathways and macromolecular materials (including functional micelles, biodegradable and pH-sensitive polymers, biomacromolecules, dendrimers, coordination polymers, and hybrid nanoparticles) mediated autophagy modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changduo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China +86-532-82991203
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Qingdao 266000 China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China +86-532-82991203
| | - Wenyuan Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China +86-532-82991203
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao 266000 China +86-532-82991203
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131
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3D chromatin remodeling potentiates transcriptional programs driving cell invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203452119. [PMID: 36037342 PMCID: PMC9457068 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203452119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of deregulated chromatin architecture, including topologically associated domains (TADs), to cancer progression remains ambiguous. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a central regulator of higher-order chromatin structure that undergoes copy number loss in over half of all breast cancers, but the impact of this defect on epigenetic programming and chromatin architecture remains unclear. We find that under physiological conditions, CTCF organizes subTADs to limit the expression of oncogenic pathways, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and cell adhesion networks. Loss of a single CTCF allele potentiates cell invasion through compromised chromatin insulation and a reorganization of chromatin architecture and histone programming that facilitates de novo promoter-enhancer contacts. However, this change in the higher-order chromatin landscape leads to a vulnerability to inhibitors of mTOR. These data support a model whereby subTAD reorganization drives both modification of histones at de novo enhancer-promoter contacts and transcriptional up-regulation of oncogenic transcriptional networks.
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132
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Jones JC, Bodenstine TM. Connexins and Glucose Metabolism in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710172. [PMID: 36077565 PMCID: PMC9455984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins are a family of transmembrane proteins that regulate diverse cellular functions. Originally characterized for their ability to mediate direct intercellular communication through the formation of highly regulated membrane channels, their functions have been extended to the exchange of molecules with the extracellular environment, and the ability to modulate numerous channel-independent effects on processes such as motility and survival. Notably, connexins have been implicated in cancer biology for their context-dependent roles that can both promote or suppress cancer cell function. Moreover, connexins are able to mediate many aspects of cellular metabolism including the intercellular coupling of nutrients and signaling molecules. During cancer progression, changes to substrate utilization occur to support energy production and biomass accumulation. This results in metabolic plasticity that promotes cell survival and proliferation, and can impact therapeutic resistance. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of connexin and cancer biology, however, delineating the roles these multi-faceted proteins play in metabolic adaptation of cancer cells is just beginning. Glucose represents a major carbon substrate for energy production, nucleotide synthesis, carbohydrate modifications and generation of biosynthetic intermediates. While cancer cells often exhibit a dependence on glycolytic metabolism for survival, cellular reprogramming of metabolic pathways is common when blood perfusion is limited in growing tumors. These metabolic changes drive aggressive phenotypes through the acquisition of functional traits. Connections between glucose metabolism and connexin function in cancer cells and the surrounding stroma are now apparent, however much remains to be discovered regarding these relationships. This review discusses the existing evidence in this area and highlights directions for continued investigation.
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133
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Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer: From Molecular to Clinical Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710132. [PMID: 36077529 PMCID: PMC9456549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pancreatic cancer (PC) was considered in the past an orphan cancer type due to its low incidence, it may become in the future one of the leading causes of cancer death. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most frequent type of PC, being a highly aggressive malignancy and having a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Non-modifiable (family history, age, genetic susceptibility) and modifiable (smoking, alcohol, acute and chronic pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, intestinal microbiota) risk factors are involved in PC pathogenesis. Chronic inflammation induced by various factors plays crucial roles in PC development from initiation to metastasis. In multiple malignant conditions such as PC, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors activate the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway, which plays key roles in cell growth, survival, proliferation, metabolism, and motility. Currently, mTOR, AKT, and PI3K inhibitors are used in clinical studies. Moreover, PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors are being tested in vitro and in vivo with promising results for PC patients. The main aim of this review is to present PC incidence, risk factors, tumor microenvironment development, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR dysregulation and inhibitors used in clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies.
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Roberson PA, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Convergence of signaling pathways in mediating actions of leucine and IGF-1 on mTORC1 in L6 myoblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C804-C812. [PMID: 35912992 PMCID: PMC9448342 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00183.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leucine and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are important regulators of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is of particular importance in their mechanism of action. In the present study, pathways through which leucine and IGF-1 converge to mediate activation of mTORC1 were examined in L6 myoblasts that were deprived of leucine and serum followed by readdition of either leucine or IGF-1. Compared with leucine- and serum-deprived myoblasts, IGF-1, but not leucine, promoted phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), and the autophosphorylation site on mTOR (S2481) and also stimulated mTOR kinase activity in mTOR immunoprecipitated samples. Both leucine and IGF-1 promoted phosphorylation of mTOR on S2448. The association of mTOR with the regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (Raptor) was altered by IGF-1 treatment and trended (P = 0.065) to be altered by leucine treatment. Alterations in the association of mTOR with Raptor were proportional to changes in phosphorylation of the mTOR substrates, eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and ribosomal protein S6 Kinase-β1 (p70S6K1). Surprisingly, leucine, but not IGF-1, stimulated protein synthesis suggesting a unique role for nutrients in regulating protein synthesis. Overall, the results are consistent with a model whereby IGF-1 stimulates phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and p70S6K1 in L6 myoblasts through an AKT-TSC2-mTORC1 signaling pathway that also involves changes in the interaction between mTOR and Raptor. In contrast, leucine signaling to mTOR results in alterations in certain mTOR phosphorylation sites and the interaction between mTOR and Raptor and stimulates protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Roberson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Leonard S Jefferson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Scot R Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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135
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Gou H, Chen X, Zhu X, Li L, Hou L, Zhou Y, Xu Y. Sequestered SQSTM1/p62 crosstalk with Keap1/NRF2 axis in hPDLCs promotes oxidative stress injury induced by periodontitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:62-74. [PMID: 35940517 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a recognized multifactorial inflammatory chronic disease, however, the exact role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is undefined. This study aims to imply the mechanism of NRF2-regulated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses under periodontitis and explored the novelty therapeutic targets. We first demonstrate that redox imbalance caused by inhibited NRF2 signaling pathway is induced in periodontium during hypoxia and bacterial events. Then we propose that LPS from P. gingivalis and hypoxia stimuli could inhibit hPDLCs proliferation and GSH level, promote ROS production, lipid peroxidation level, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17 level caused by the inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and sequential sequestered crosstalk between selective autophagy SQSTM1/p62 and Keap1/NRF2 axis accompanied by the reinforced NRF2 ubiquitination degradation and inactivated NRF2 nuclear translocation. Overexpression of NRF2 and SQSTM1 can protect hPDLCs from oxidative stress and inflammation exacerbation because of enhanced NRF2 activity. Further, the antioxidant and anti-inflammation potential of puerarin is verified in vitro and in experimental periodontitis in mice through diminishing above negative feedback loop mechanically. Altogether, we speculate that NRF2-mediated redox homeostasis is a profound candidate for one of the prominent roles in periodontitis pathogenesis and suggest puerarin as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Gou
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Liguang Hou
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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The Therapeutic Relevance of Urolithins, Intestinal Metabolites of Ellagitannin-Rich Food: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173494. [PMID: 36079752 PMCID: PMC9460125 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of food rich in ellagitannins have been established to stem from its microbial metabolite, urolithin. Over the past decade, there has been a growing trend in urolithin research pertaining to its pharmacological properties. The purpose of this systematic review is to collate and synthesise all available data on urolithin’s therapeutic ability, to highlight its potential as a pharmaceutical agent, and prospective direction on future research. Methods: This systematic review was written based on the PRISMA guideline and was conducted across Ovid via Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, and Web of Science Core Collection. Results: A total of 41 animal studies were included in this systematic review based on the appropriate keyword. The included studies highlighted the neuroprotective, anti-metabolic disorder activity, nephroprotective, myocardial protective, anti-inflammatory, and musculoskeletal protection of urolithin A, B, and its synthetic analogue methylated urolithin A. The Sirt1, AMPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways were reported to be involved in the initiation of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis by urolithin A. Conclusions: This review methodically discusses the therapeutic prospects of urolithins and provides scientific justification for the potential development of urolithin A as a potent natural mitophagy inducer for anti-ageing purposes.
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Huang Y, Jiang J, Wang W, Guo J, Yang N, Zhang J, Liu Q, Chen Y, Hu T, Rao C. Zanthoxylum armatum DC. extract induces liver injury via autophagy suppression and oxidative damage by activation of mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Toxicon 2022; 217:162-172. [PMID: 35977614 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (ZADC) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antibacterial effects. The cytotoxicity of methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (MZADC) has been reported for BRL 3 A cell lines. However, whether MZADC can induce liver damage in vivo remains unclear. Therefore, it is essential to explore whether ZADC causes liver injury and, if the results confirm hepatotoxicity, to further study the potential mechanisms for the in-vitro cytotoxicity of the BRL 3 A cell lines. In vivo, different doses (0.346, 0.519, and 1.038 g/kg/day) of MZADC treatment were given by intragastric administration among male Sprague Dawley rats for 28 days. Levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the high dose group increased. Steatosis and focal necrosis were found in liver cells in rats in the high dose group. In vitro, BRL 3 A cells were cultivated with MZADC at different concentrations (30, 50, and 70 μg/mL) for 24 h. The cell viability, the number of autophagosomes, and the expression levels of LC3 and Beclin-1 were on a decreasing trend. Besides, proportions of p-mTOR/mTOR and p-ULK1/ULK1 increased. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were on the rise while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of glutathione (GSH) was on the decline. This research suggests that MZADC may cause rats liver injury and inhibit autophagy in BRL 3 A cells by the mTOR/ULK1 pathway, and further induce intracellular oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jialuo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Wenlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jiafu Guo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Qiuyan Liu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
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138
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Wu H, Wei M, Li Y, Ma Q, Zhang H. Research Progress on the Regulation Mechanism of Key Signal Pathways Affecting the Prognosis of Glioma. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2022.910543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As is known to all, glioma, a global difficult problem, has a high malignant degree, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. We analyzed and summarized signal pathway of the Hippo/YAP, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, miRNA, WNT/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, TCS/mTORC1 signal pathway, JAK/STAT signal pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, the relationship between BBB and signal pathways and the mechanism of key enzymes in glioma. It is concluded that Yap1 inhibitor may become an effective target for the treatment of glioma in the near future through efforts of generation after generation. Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Shh, Wnt/β-Catenin, and HIF-1α can reduce the migration ability and drug resistance of tumor cells to improve the prognosis of glioma. The analysis shows that Notch1 and Sox2 have a positive feedback regulation mechanism, and Notch4 predicts the malignant degree of glioma. In this way, notch cannot only be treated for glioma stem cells in clinic, but also be used as an evaluation index to evaluate the prognosis, and provide an exploratory attempt for the direction of glioma treatment. MiRNA plays an important role in diagnosis, and in the treatment of glioma, VPS25, KCNQ1OT1, KB-1460A1.5, and CKAP4 are promising prognostic indicators and a potential therapeutic targets for glioma, meanwhile, Rheb is also a potent activator of Signaling cross-talk etc. It is believed that these studies will help us to have a deeper understanding of glioma, so that we will find new and better treatment schemes to gradually conquer the problem of glioma.
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Wu H, Wei M, Li Y, Ma Q, Zhang H. Research Progress on the Regulation Mechanism of Key Signal Pathways Affecting the Prognosis of Glioma. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:910543. [PMID: 35935338 PMCID: PMC9354928 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.910543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As is known to all, glioma, a global difficult problem, has a high malignant degree, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. We analyzed and summarized signal pathway of the Hippo/YAP, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, miRNA, WNT/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, TCS/mTORC1 signal pathway, JAK/STAT signal pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, the relationship between BBB and signal pathways and the mechanism of key enzymes in glioma. It is concluded that Yap1 inhibitor may become an effective target for the treatment of glioma in the near future through efforts of generation after generation. Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Shh, Wnt/β-Catenin, and HIF-1α can reduce the migration ability and drug resistance of tumor cells to improve the prognosis of glioma. The analysis shows that Notch1 and Sox2 have a positive feedback regulation mechanism, and Notch4 predicts the malignant degree of glioma. In this way, notch cannot only be treated for glioma stem cells in clinic, but also be used as an evaluation index to evaluate the prognosis, and provide an exploratory attempt for the direction of glioma treatment. MiRNA plays an important role in diagnosis, and in the treatment of glioma, VPS25, KCNQ1OT1, KB-1460A1.5, and CKAP4 are promising prognostic indicators and a potential therapeutic targets for glioma, meanwhile, Rheb is also a potent activator of Signaling cross-talk etc. It is believed that these studies will help us to have a deeper understanding of glioma, so that we will find new and better treatment schemes to gradually conquer the problem of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Min Wei
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hengzhu Zhang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Hengzhu Zhang,
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140
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Zhang YY, Yao M, Zhu K, Xue RR, Xu JH, Cui XJ, Mo W. Neurological recovery and antioxidant effect of erythropoietin for spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:925696. [PMID: 35928137 PMCID: PMC9343731 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.925696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTo critically evaluate the neurological recovery effects and antioxidant effects of erythropoietin (EPO) in rat models of spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were searched for animal experiments applying EPO to treat SCI to January 2022. We included studies which examined neurological function by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, as well as cavity area and spared area, and determining the molecular-biological analysis of antioxidative effects by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in spinal cord tissues. Meta-analysis were performed with Review Manager 5.4 software.ResultsA total of 33 studies were included in this review. The results of the meta-analysis showed that SCI rats receiving EPO therapy showed a significant locomotor function recovery after 14 days compared with control, then the superiority of EPO therapy maintained to 28 days from BBB scale. Compared with the control group, the cavity area was reduced [4 studies, weighted mean difference (WMD) = −16.65, 95% CI (−30.74 to −2.55), P = 0.02] and spared area was increased [3 studies, WMD =11.53, 95% CI (1.34 to 21.72), P = 0.03] by EPO. Meanwhile, MDA levels [2 studies, WMD = −0.63 (−1.09 to −0.18), P = 0.007] were improved in the EPO treatment group compared with control, which indicated its antioxidant effect. The subgroup analysis recommended 5,000 UI/kg is the most effective dose [WMD = 4.05 (2.23, 5.88), P < 0.0001], although its effect was not statistically different from that of 1,000 UI/kg. Meanwhile, the different rat strains (Sprague-Dawley vs. Wistar), and models of animals, as well as administration method (single or multiple administration) of EPO did not affect the neuroprotective effect of EPO for SCI.ConclusionsThis systematic review indicated that EPO can promote the recovery of the locomotor function of SCI rats. The mechanism exploration of EPO needs to be verified by experiments, and then carefully designed randomized controlled trials are needed to explore its neural recovery effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-yun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Spine Disease Institute, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Spine Disease Institute, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-rui Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-hai Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-jun Cui
| | - Xue-jun Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Spine Disease Institute, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jin-hai Xu
| | - Wen Mo
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wen Mo
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141
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Zhang X, Zhong X, Lin X, Li X, Tian H, Chang B, Wang Y, Tong J, Wang N, Li D, Jin X, Huang D, Wang Y, Cui H, Guan L, Li Y. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex With Multiple Organ Tumors: Case Report and Literature Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916016. [PMID: 35928867 PMCID: PMC9343591 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNEN) are tumors that originate from neuroendocrine cells. Only about 1% patients are related to mutation of tuberous sclerosis complex gene. Here, we reported a rare case with involvement of multiple organs and space-occupying lesions. Initially, the patient was thought to have metastasis of a pancreatic tumor. However, the patient was diagnosed as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, liver perivascular epithelioid tumors, splenic hamartoma, and renal angiomyolipoma by pathological examination after surgery. We performed genetic mutation detection to identify that tuberous sclerosis complex 2 gene presented with a heterozygous variant. Tuberous sclerosis often presents with widespread tumors, but it is less common to present with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and liver perivascular tumors as highlighted in the case. So we analyzed the relationship between TSC gene mutations and related tumors. And we also reviewed the current molecular mechanisms and treatments for tuberous sclerosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinping Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuyong Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuedan Li
- Radiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haoyu Tian
- The 3rd Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Tong
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiuli Jin
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Die Huang
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanmeng Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huipeng Cui
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Guan
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yiling Li, ; Lin Guan,
| | - Yiling Li
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yiling Li, ; Lin Guan,
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142
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Kalra S, Malik R, Singh G, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Mohan S, Albratty M, Albarrati A, Tambuwala MM. Pathogenesis and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI): role of neuroinflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1153-1166. [PMID: 35802283 PMCID: PMC9293826 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important global health concern that represents a leading cause of death and disability. It occurs due to direct impact or hit on the head caused by factors such as motor vehicles, crushes, and assaults. During the past decade, an abundance of new evidence highlighted the importance of inflammation in the secondary damage response that contributes to neurodegenerative and neurological deficits after TBI. It results in disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and initiates the release of macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes at the injury site. A growing number of researchers have discovered various signalling pathways associated with the initiation and progression of inflammation. Targeting different signalling pathways (NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, GSK-3, Nrf2, RhoGTPase, TGF-β1, and NLRP3) helps in the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of TBI. Several synthetic and herbal drugs with both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential showed effective results. This review summarizes different signalling pathways, associated pathologies, inflammatory mediators, pharmacological potential, current status, and challenges with anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunishtha Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rohit Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. .,Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Syam Mohan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.,Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK.
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143
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Wang S, Liu G, Li Y, Pan Y. Metabolic Reprogramming Induces Macrophage Polarization in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840029. [PMID: 35874739 PMCID: PMC9302576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most important cells in the innate immune system, they are converted into two distinct subtypes with completely different molecular phenotypes and functional features under different stimuli of the microenvironment: M1 macrophages induced by IFN-γ/lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and M2 macrophages induced by IL-4/IL-10/IL-13. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) differentiate from macrophages through various factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMs have the phenotype and function of M2 macrophages and are capable of secreting multiple cytokines to promote tumor progression. Both tumor cells and macrophages can meet the energy needs for rapid cell growth and proliferation through metabolic reprogramming, so a comprehensive understanding of pro-tumor and antitumor metabolic switches in TAM is essential to understanding immune escape mechanisms. This paper focuses on the functions of relevant signaling pathways and cytokines during macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming, and briefly discusses the effects of different microenvironments and macrophage pathogenicity, in addition to describing the research progress of inhibitory drugs for certain metabolic and polarized signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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144
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Davidson SM, Schmidt DR, Heyman JE, O'Brien JP, Liu AC, Israelsen WJ, Dayton TL, Sehgal R, Bronson RT, Freinkman E, Mak HH, Fanelli GN, Malstrom S, Bellinger G, Carracedo A, Pandolfi PP, Courtney KD, Jha A, DePinho RA, Horner JW, Thomas CJ, Cantley LC, Loda M, Vander Heiden MG. Pyruvate Kinase M1 Suppresses Development and Progression of Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2403-2416. [PMID: 35584006 PMCID: PMC9256808 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Differential expression of PKM1 and PKM2 impacts prostate tumorigenesis and suggests a potential therapeutic vulnerability in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M. Davidson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Corresponding Authors: Matthew G. Vander Heiden, Koch Institute/Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. E-mail: ; and Shawn M. Davidson,
| | - Daniel R. Schmidt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia E. Heyman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - James P. O'Brien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amy C. Liu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - William J. Israelsen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Talya L. Dayton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Roderick T. Bronson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Howard H. Mak
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Scott Malstrom
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gary Bellinger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Craig J. Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lewis C. Cantley
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Massimo Loda
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Corresponding Authors: Matthew G. Vander Heiden, Koch Institute/Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. E-mail: ; and Shawn M. Davidson,
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145
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NUMB facilitates autophagy initiation through targeting SCFβ-TrCP2 complex. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1409-1422. [DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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146
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Chen KQ, Wei BH, Hao SL, Yang WX. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: How does it regulate development of Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells? Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:621-636. [PMID: 35388905 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is one of the most crucial regulatory mechanisms in animal cells, which can mainly regulate proliferation, survival and anti-apoptosis in cell lines. In the seminiferous epithelium, most studies were concentrated on the role of PI3K/AKT signaling in immature Sertoli cells (SCs) and spermatogonia stem cells (SSCs). PI3K/AKT signaling can facilitate the proliferation and anti-apoptosis of immature Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells. Besides, in mature Sertoli cells, this pathway can disintegrate the structure of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) via regulatory protein synthesis and the cytoskeleton of Sertoli cells. All of these effects can directly and indirectly maintain and promote spermatogenesis in male testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Qi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bang-Hong Wei
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang-Li Hao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Noori T, Sahebgharani M, Sureda A, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Fakhri S, Shirooie S. Targeting PI3K by Natural Products: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1564-1578. [PMID: 35043762 PMCID: PMC9881086 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220119125040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent childhood psychiatric disorder. In general, a child with ADHD has significant attention problems with difficulty concentrating on a subject and is generally associated with impulsivity and excessive activity. The etiology of ADHD in most patients is unknown, although it is considered to be a multifactorial disease caused by a combination of genetics and environmental factors. Diverse factors, such as the existence of mental, nutritional, or general health problems during childhood, as well as smoking and alcohol drinking during pregnancy, are related to an increased risk of ADHD. Behavioral and psychological characteristics of ADHD include anxiety, mood disorders, behavioral disorders, language disorders, and learning disabilities. These symptoms affect individuals, families, and communities, negatively altering educational and social results, strained parent-child relationships, and increased use of health services. ADHD may be associated with deficits in inhibitory frontostriatal noradrenergic neurons on lower striatal structures that are predominantly driven by dopaminergic neurons. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a conserved family of lipid kinases that control a number of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, insulin metabolism, and apoptosis. Since PI3K plays an important role in controlling the noradrenergic neuron, it opens up new insights into research on ADHD and other developmental brain diseases. This review presents evidence for the potential usefulness of PI3K and its modulators as a potential treatment for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Noori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mousa Sahebgharani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Palma de MallorcaE-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain;,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile;,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;,Address correspondence to this author at the Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; E-mail:
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148
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Tu-Sekine B, Kim SF. The Inositol Phosphate System-A Coordinator of Metabolic Adaptability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126747. [PMID: 35743190 PMCID: PMC9223660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells rely on nutrients to supply energy and carbon building blocks to support cellular processes. Over time, eukaryotes have developed increasingly complex systems to integrate information about available nutrients with the internal state of energy stores to activate the necessary processes to meet the immediate and ongoing needs of the cell. One such system is the network of soluble and membrane-associated inositol phosphates that coordinate the cellular responses to nutrient uptake and utilization from growth factor signaling to energy homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the coordinated interactions of the inositol polyphosphates, inositol pyrophosphates, and phosphoinositides in major metabolic signaling pathways to illustrate the central importance of the inositol phosphate signaling network in nutrient responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Tu-Sekine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Sangwon F. Kim
- Department of Medicine and Neuroscience, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Correspondence:
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149
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Vps33B controls Treg cell suppressive function through inhibiting lysosomal nutrient sensing complex-mediated mTORC1 activation. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110943. [PMID: 35705052 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppressive function of regulatory T (Treg) cells is tightly controlled by nutrient-fueled mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation, yet its dynamics and negative regulation remain unclear. Here we show that Treg-specific depletion of vacuolar protein sorting 33B (Vps33B) in mice results in defective Treg cell suppressive function and acquisition of effector phenotype, which in turn leads to disturbed T cell homeostasis and boosted antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, Vps33B binds with lysosomal nutrient-sensing complex (LYNUS) and promotes late endosome and lysosome fusion and clearance of the LYNUS-containing late endosome/lysosome, and therefore suppresses mTORC1 activation. Vps33B deficiency in Treg cells results in disordered endosome lysosome fusion, which leads to accumulation of LYNUS that causes elevated mTORC1 activation and hyper-glycolytic metabolism. Taken together, our study reveals that Vps33B maintains Treg cell suppressive function through sustaining endolysosomal homeostasis and therefore restricting amino acid-licensed mTORC1 activation and metabolism.
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150
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Song Y, Zhao X, Aihemaiti A, Haire A, Gao Y, Niu C, Yang P, Liu G, Jia G, Wusiman A. The Mechanism of Heat Stress Resistance During Spermatogenesis in Turpan Black Sheep. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846981. [PMID: 35769319 PMCID: PMC9236572 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress can affect the reproductive function of livestock and cause harm to animal production, which can seriously damage the economic interests of livestock producers. Therefore, it is important to explore the effect of heat stress on reproductive function to improve livestock production. In this study, the experimental animals Turpan black sheep and Suffolk sheep were selected as controls, each with 10 sheep, and the reproductive physiological performance was measured in Turpan, China from April to August when there was no heat stress to strong heat stress. The results showed that the sperm density, vitality, and kinematic parameters of Suffolk sheep were significantly lower than that in Turpan black sheep (p < 0.01) after heat stress, while the sperm acrosome malfunctions and DNA damage were significantly higher in Suffolk sheep (p < 0.01). In addition, the endogenous levels of reproductive hormones and oxidative stress indicators in the blood of Turpan black sheep were stable before and after heat stress treatment, while Suffolk sheep showed different degrees of fluctuations. There was no significant difference in testicular histomorphology between the two after heat stress treatment. However, Suffolk sheep showed a significantly decreased number of spermatocytes after heat stress treatment (p < 0.05). It was found that during meiosis, the proportion of cells in the meiotic zygotene stage of Suffolk sheep was significantly higher than that of Turpan black sheep. To investigate the mechanism of normal spermatogenesis in Turpan black sheep under heat stress, we performed RNA-Seq analysis on the testis. The results showed that there were 3,559 differential genes in Turpan black sheep before and after heat stress, with 2,118 up-regulated genes and 1,441 down-regulated genes. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG showed that the differential genes are mainly involved in cellular component organization or biogenesis, cell cycle process, mitotic cell cycle process, meiotic cell cycle process, double-strand break repair and Rap1 signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, Cell cycle, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells Oocyte meiosis. Genes related to spermatogenesis, SYCP2, TDRD9, BRDT, CEP120, BRCA1, etc. were significantly up-regulated in Turpan black sheep after heat stress. In summary, our results showed that the up-regulation of genes involved in spermatogenesis protects the normal production of sperm in Turpan black sheep under HS, thereby achieving normal reproductive function.Our research systematically elucidated the mechanism of heat stress resistance during spermatogenesis in Turpan black sheep and provided potential possibilities for the subsequent breeding of new heat-resistant breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Song
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Aikebaier Aihemaiti
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Aerman Haire
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Tuokexun County Huishang Ecological Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Turpan, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gongxue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Gongxue Jia
| | - Abulizi Wusiman
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Abulizi Wusiman
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