101
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Officioso A, Alzoubi K, Lang F, Manna C. Hydroxytyrosol inhibits phosphatidylserine exposure and suicidal death induced by mercury in human erythrocytes: Possible involvement of the glutathione pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89:47-53. [PMID: 26774912 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic antioxidant naturally occurring in virgin olive oil. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of HT on programmed suicidal death (eryptosis) induced by mercury (Hg) treatment in intact human erythrocytes (RBC). Our study confirms that the Hg-eryptosis is characterized by phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure at the cell surface, with cell shrinkage and ATP and glutathione depletion; calcium influx is also a key event that triggers eryptosis. Here we report that cell preconditioning with an optimal dose (1-5 μM) of HT prior to exposure to 2.5 μM HgCl2 causes a noteworthy decrease in PS-exposing RBC, almost restoring ATP and GSH content. Conversely, HT shows no effect against decrease in cell volume nor against influx of extracellular calcium. Taken together our data provide the first experimental evidence of the efficacy of HT in modulating the programmed suicidal death in non nucleated cells; the reported findings also confirm that the prevention of Hg toxicity should be regarded as an additional mechanism responsible for the health-promoting potential of this dietary phenol. Finally, virgin olive oil would appear to be a promising healthy food to reduce the adverse effects of chronic mercury exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbace Officioso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kousi Alzoubi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Manna
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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102
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Mazlo J, Ngu-Schwemlein M. A Study of the Complexation of Mercury(II) with Dicysteinyl Tetrapeptides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 26780606 DOI: 10.3791/53536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we evaluated a method for the characterization of complexes, formed in different relative ratios of mercury(II) to dicysteinyl tetrapeptide, by electrospray ionization orbitrap mass spectrometry. This strategy is based on previous successful characterization of mercury-dicysteinyl complexes involving tripeptides by utilizing mass spectrometry among other techniques. Mercury(II) chloride and a dicysteinyl tetrapeptide were incubated in a degassed buffered medium at varying stoichiometric ratios. The complexes formed were subsequently analyzed on an electrospray mass spectrometer consisting of a hybrid linear ion- and orbi- trap mass analyzer. The electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) spectra were acquired in the positive mode and the observed peaks were then analyzed for distinct mercury isotopic distribution patterns and associated monoisotopic peak. This work demonstrates that an accurate stoichiometry of mercury and peptide in the complexes formed under specified electrospray ionization conditions can be determined by using high resolution ESI MS based on distinct mercury isotopic distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Mazlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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103
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Yurkerwich K, Quinlivan PJ, Rong Y, Parkin G. Phenylselenolate Mercury Alkyl Compounds, PhSeHgMe and PhSeHgEt: Molecular Structures, Protolytic Hg-C Bond Cleavage and Phenylselenolate Exchange. Polyhedron 2016; 103:307-314. [PMID: 26644634 PMCID: PMC4669890 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The phenylselenolate mercury alkyl compounds, PhSeHgMe and PhSeHgEt, have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, thereby demonstrating that both compounds are monomeric with approximately linear coordination geometries; the mercury centers do, nevertheless, exhibit secondary Hg•••Se intermolecular interactions that serve to increase the coordination number in the solid state. The ethyl derivative, PhSeHgEt, undergoes facile protolytic cleavage of the Hg-C bond to release ethane at room temperature, whereas PhSeHgMe exhibits little reactivity under similar conditions. Interestingly, the cleavage of the Hg-C bond of PhSeHgEt is also more facile than that of the thiolate analogue, PhSHgEt, which demonstrates that coordination by selenium promotes protolytic cleavage of the mercury-carbon bond. The phenylselenolate compounds PhSeHgR (R = Me, Et) also undergo degenerate exchange reactions with, for example, PhSHgR and RHgCl. In each case, the alkyl groups preserve coupling to the 199Hg nuclei, thereby indicating that the exchange process involves metathesis of the Hg-SePh/Hg-X groups rather than metathesis of the Hg-R/Hg-R groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yurkerwich
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York New York 10027,
USA
| | | | - Yi Rong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York New York 10027,
USA
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York New York 10027,
USA
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104
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Casas JS, Couce MD, García-Vega M, Sánchez A, Sordo J, Vázquez López EM. Phenylmercury( ii) sulfanylpropenoates: an example of symmetrization with the 3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-sulfanylpropenoato ligand. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00624h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Some new phenylmercury(ii) sulfanylpropenoate complexes were prepared and characterized. The identification of diphenylmercury(ii) reveals the existence of a symmetrization process, which was followed in solution by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S. Casas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultade de Farmacia
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Galicia
- Spain
| | - María D. Couce
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultade de Química
- Universidade de Vigo
- Galicia
| | - Manuel García-Vega
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultade de Farmacia
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Galicia
- Spain
| | - Agustín Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultade de Farmacia
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Galicia
- Spain
| | - José Sordo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultade de Farmacia
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Galicia
- Spain
| | - Ezequiel M. Vázquez López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultade de Química
- Universidade de Vigo
- Galicia
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105
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Nath P, Bharty MK, Maiti B, Bharti A, Butcher RJ, Wikaira JL, Singh NK. Ag(i), Cu(ii), Co(iii) and Hg(ii) complexes and metal-assisted products derived from 4-methyl-piperidine-carbodithioate: syntheses, structures, thermal analyses, redox behaviour and fluorescence properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15186h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ag(i), Cu(ii), Co(iii) and Hg(ii) complexes and metal-assisted products derived from 4-methyl piperidine have been synthesized. The Cu(ii) complex is redox reversible and compounds3and5are fluorescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Nath
- Department of Chemistry
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - M. K. Bharty
- Department of Chemistry
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - B. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - A. Bharti
- Department of Chemistry
- Kirori Mal College
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - R. J. Butcher
- Department of Chemistry
- Howard University
- Washington
- USA
| | - J. L. Wikaira
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8410
- New Zealand
| | - N. K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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106
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Heavy Metals and Human Health: Mechanistic Insight into Toxicity and Counter Defense System of Antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29592-630. [PMID: 26690422 PMCID: PMC4691126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals, which have widespread environmental distribution and originate from natural and anthropogenic sources, are common environmental pollutants. In recent decades, their contamination has increased dramatically because of continuous discharge in sewage and untreated industrial effluents. Because they are non-degradable, they persist in the environment; accordingly, they have received a great deal of attention owing to their potential health and environmental risks. Although the toxic effects of metals depend on the forms and routes of exposure, interruptions of intracellular homeostasis include damage to lipids, proteins, enzymes and DNA via the production of free radicals. Following exposure to heavy metals, their metabolism and subsequent excretion from the body depends on the presence of antioxidants (glutathione, α-tocopherol, ascorbate, etc.) associated with the quenching of free radicals by suspending the activity of enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase). Therefore, this review was written to provide a deep understanding of the mechanisms involved in eliciting their toxicity in order to highlight the necessity for development of strategies to decrease exposure to these metals, as well as to identify substances that contribute significantly to overcome their hazardous effects within the body of living organisms.
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107
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Abarikwu SO, Adebayo OL, Otuechere CA, Iserhienrhien BO, Badejo TA. Selenium and rutin alone or in combination do not have stronger protective effects than their separate effects against cadmium-induced renal damage. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:896-904. [PMID: 26455473 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1089912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Selenium (Se) and rutin (RUT) are antioxidants that protect against tissue damage. OBJECTIVE In this study, the separate and combine protective effects of RUT and Se against cadmium (Cd)-induced renal damage were evaluated in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were treated by gavage to RUT (30 mg/kg) or Se (0.15 ppm) or Cd (200 ppm) in drinking water alone or in combination (30 mg/kg RUT +0.15 ppm Se + 200 ppm Cd). Corn oil was used as vehicle (2 mL/kg). After a 5-week treatment period, rat kidneys were removed for biochemical assays and histopathological examination. Se and Cd levels were evaluated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS The malondialdehyde and glutathione levels as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the Cd-treated animals were increased compared with control values (0.056 ± 0.0003 versus 0.011 ± 0.0005 μmol/mg; 0.005 ± 0.0006 versus 0.00085 ± 0.0002 μg/mg; 1.62 ± 0.09 versus 0.48 ± 0.12 units/mg; 650 ± 25 versus 361.89 ± 31 μmol H2O2/mg, respectively). Cd treatment was also associated with decreased renal Se concentration (4.19 ± 0.92 versus 7.73 ± 0.7 μg/g dry weight), increased alkaline phosphatase (0.07 ± 0.0015 versus 0.033 ± 0.0019 unit/mg), acid phosphatase (0.029 ± 0.0021 versus 0.015 ± 0.0016 unit/mg), and lactate dehydrogenase (0.032 ± 0.004 versus 0.014 ± 0.0027 unit/mg) activities, respectively, and with evidence of severe renal damage. The combination of RUT and Se or their separate effects prevented the Cd-induced oxidative renal damage. However, their combine effects do not have stronger effects than their separate effect against Cd-induced renal damage. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION RUT and Se function as potent antioxidant in the protection of renal damage induced by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Port Harcourt , Choba , Nigeria and
| | - Olusegun L Adebayo
- b Department of Chemical Sciences , Redeemer's University , Ede , Nigeria
| | | | | | - Temitope A Badejo
- b Department of Chemical Sciences , Redeemer's University , Ede , Nigeria
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108
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Niehoff AC, Bauer OB, Kröger S, Fingerhut S, Schulz J, Meyer S, Sperling M, Jeibmann A, Schwerdtle T, Karst U. Quantitative Bioimaging to Investigate the Uptake of Mercury Species in Drosophila melanogaster. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10392-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Niehoff
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- NRW
Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Bolle Bauer
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kröger
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fingerhut
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Schulz
- University Hospital Münster, Institute of Neuropathology, Pottkamp 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sören Meyer
- NRW
Graduate School of Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Michael Sperling
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Astrid Jeibmann
- University Hospital Münster, Institute of Neuropathology, Pottkamp 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- University of Münster, Institute of Inorganic
and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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109
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Oliveira VA, Oliveira CS, Mesquita M, Pedroso TF, Costa LM, Fiuza TDL, Pereira ME. Zinc and N-acetylcysteine modify mercury distribution and promote increase in hepatic metallothionein levels. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 32:183-8. [PMID: 26302927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of zinc (Zn) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in preventing the biochemical alterations caused by mercury (Hg) and the retention of this metal in different organs. Adult female rats received ZnCl2 (27mg/kg) and/or NAC (5mg/kg) or saline (0.9%) subcutaneously and after 24h they received HgCl2 (5mg/kg) or saline (0.9%). Twenty-four hours after, they were sacrificed and analyses were performed. Hg inhibited hepatic, renal, and blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity, decreased renal total thiol levels, as well as increased serum creatinine and urea levels and aspartate aminotransferase activity. HgCl2-exposed groups presented an important retention of Hg in all the tissues analyzed. All pre-treatments demonstrated tendency in preventing hepatic δ-ALA-D inhibition, whereas only ZnCl2 showed this effect on blood enzyme. Moreover, the combination of these compounds completely prevented liver and blood Hg retention. The exposure to Zn and Hg increased hepatic metallothionein levels. These results show that Zn and NAC presented promising effects against the toxicity caused by HgCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Antunes Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Mesquita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Taise Fonseca Pedroso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Machado Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago da Luz Fiuza
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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110
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Dental amalgam fillings and Helicobacter pylori eradication rates: wide-ranging implications. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 27:1231. [PMID: 26327504 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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111
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Kreider-Mueller A, Quinlivan PJ, Rong Y, Owen JS, Parkin G. Exchange of Alkyl and Tris(2-mercapto-1- t-butylimidazolyl)hydroborato Ligands Between Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury. J Organomet Chem 2015; 792:177-183. [PMID: 26273109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tris(2-mercaptoimidazolyl)hydroborato ligand, [TmBut ], has been used to investigate the exchange of alkyl and sulfur donor ligands between the Group 12 metals, Zn, Cd and Hg. For example, [TmBut ]2Zn reacts with Me2Zn to yield [TmBut ]ZnMe, while [TmBut ]CdMe is obtained readily upon reaction of [TmBut ]2Cd with Me2Cd. Ligand exchange is also observed between different metal centers. For example, [TmBut ]CdMe reacts with Me2Zn to afford [TmBut ]ZnMe and Me2Cd. Likewise, [TmBut ]HgMe reacts with Me2Zn to afford [TmBut ]ZnMe and Me2Hg. However, whereas the [TmBut ] ligand transfers from mercury to zinc in the methyl system, [TmBut ]HgMe/Me2Zn, transfer of the [TmBut ] ligand from zinc to mercury is observed upon treatment of [TmBut ]2Zn with HgI2 to afford [TmBut ]HgI and [TmBut ]ZnI. These observations demonstrate that the phenomenological preference for the [TmBut ] ligand to bind one metal rather than another is strongly influenced by the nature of the co-ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Rong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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112
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Mohammad NS, Arafa MH, Atteia HH. Coenzyme Q10 and fish oil synergistically alleviate aluminum chloride-induced suppression of testicular steroidogenesis and antioxidant defense. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1319-34. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1069290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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113
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Banerjee M, Karri R, Rawat KS, Muthuvel K, Pathak B, Roy G. Chemical Detoxification of Organomercurials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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114
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Banerjee M, Karri R, Rawat KS, Muthuvel K, Pathak B, Roy G. Chemical Detoxification of Organomercurials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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115
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Shettigar NB, Das S, Rao NB, Rao SBS. Thymol, a monoterpene phenolic derivative of cymene, abrogates mercury-induced oxidative stress resultant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in hepatocarcinoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:968-980. [PMID: 24574037 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thymol (TOH) was investigated for its ability to protect against mercuric chloride (HgCl2 )-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell line. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay confirmed the efficacy of TOH pretreatment in attenuating HgCl2 -induced cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with TOH inhibited HgCl2 -induced genotoxicity, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial superoxide levels. Interestingly, TOH (100 µM) alone elevated the intracellular basal glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels and TOH pretreatment abrogated the decrease in glutathione, GST, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels even after HgCl2 intoxication. Furthermore, TOH was also capable of inhibiting HgCl2 -induced apoptotic as well as necrotic cell death analyzed by flowcytometric analysis of cells dual stained with Annexin-FITC/propidium iodide. The present findings clearly indicate the cytoprotective potential of TOH against HgCl2 -induced toxicity, which may be attributed to its free radical scavenging ability which facilitated in reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage thereby inhibiting cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishan B Shettigar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Shubhankar Das
- Division of Radiobiology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Nageshwar B Rao
- Division of Radiobiology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Satish B S Rao
- Division of Radiobiology and Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
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116
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Ho TN, Sung ST, Huang KM, Hsu T. Comparative Effects of Mercury(II) and Cadmium on MutS Homolog 6(MSH6)-Mediated DNA Mismatch Binding Activities in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 29:513-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Nan Ho
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans; National Taiwan Ocean University; Keelung 20224 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Shih-Tsung Sung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans; National Taiwan Ocean University; Keelung 20224 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Ming Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans; National Taiwan Ocean University; Keelung 20224 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Todd Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans; National Taiwan Ocean University; Keelung 20224 Taiwan Republic of China
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117
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Wei L, Xue R, Zhang P, Wu Y, Li X, Pei F. (1)H NMR-Based Metabolomics and Neurotoxicity Study of Cerebrum and Cerebellum in Rats Treated with Cinnabar, a Traditional Chinese Medicine. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:490-8. [PMID: 26110755 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cinnabar, an important traditional Chinese mineral medicine, has been widely used as a Chinese patent medicine ingredient for sedative therapy. Nevertheless, the neurotoxic effects of cinnabar have also been noted. In this study, (1)H NMR-based metabolomics, combined with multivariate pattern recognition, were applied to investigate the neurotoxic effects of cinnabar after intragastrical administration (dosed at 2 and 5 g/kg body weight) on male Wistar rats. The metabolite variations induced by cinnabar were characterized by increased levels of glutamate, glutamine, myo-inositol, and choline, as well as decreased levels of GABA, taurine, NAA, and NAAG in tissue extracts of the cerebellum and cerebrum. These findings suggested that cinnabar induced glutamate excitotoxicity, neuronal cell loss, osmotic state changes, membrane fluidity disruption, and oxidative injury in the brain. We also show here that there is a dose- and time-dependent neurotoxicity of cinnabar, and that cerebellum was more sensitive to cinnabar induction than cerebrum. This work illustrates the utility and reliability of (1)H NMR-based metabolomics approach for examining the potential neurotoxic effects of cinnabar and other traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xue
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Wu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengkui Pei
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, People's Republic of China
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118
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Metallothionein, essential elements and lipid peroxidation in mercury-exposed suckling rats pretreated with selenium. Biometals 2015; 28:701-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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The protective role of olive oil hydroxytyrosol against oxidative alterations induced by mercury in human erythrocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 82:59-63. [PMID: 25957742 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic antioxidant naturally occurring in virgin olive oil. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of HT on the oxidative and morphological alterations induced by mercury (Hg) in intact human erythrocytes. These cells preferentially accumulate this toxic heavy metal. More importantly, Hg-induced echinocyte formation correlates with increased coagulability of these cells. Our results indicate that HT treatment (10-50 µM) prevents the increase in hemolysis and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation induced by exposure of cells to micromolar HgCl2 concentrations as well as the decrease in GSH intracellular levels. Moreover, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy, the morphological alterations are also significantly reduced by HT co-treatment. Taken together our data provide the first experimental evidence that HT has the potential to counteract mercury toxicity. The reported effect may be regarded as an additional mechanism underlying the beneficial cardio-protective effects of this dietary antioxidant, also endowed with significant anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Plegaria JS, Dzul SP, Zuiderweg ERP, Stemmler TL, Pecoraro VL. Apoprotein Structure and Metal Binding Characterization of a de Novo Designed Peptide, α3DIV, that Sequesters Toxic Heavy Metals. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2858-73. [PMID: 25790102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
De novo protein design is a biologically relevant approach that provides a novel process in elucidating protein folding and modeling the metal centers of metalloproteins in a completely unrelated or simplified fold. An integral step in de novo protein design is the establishment of a well-folded scaffold with one conformation, which is a fundamental characteristic of many native proteins. Here, we report the NMR solution structure of apo α3DIV at pH 7.0, a de novo designed three-helix bundle peptide containing a triscysteine motif (Cys18, Cys28, and Cys67) that binds toxic heavy metals. The structure comprises 1067 NOE restraints derived from multinuclear multidimensional NOESY, as well as 138 dihedral angles (ψ, φ, and χ1). The backbone and heavy atoms of the 20 lowest energy structures have a root mean square deviation from the mean structure of 0.79 (0.16) Å and 1.31 (0.15) Å, respectively. When compared to the parent structure α3D, the substitution of Leu residues to Cys enhanced the α-helical content of α3DIV while maintaining the same overall topology and fold. In addition, solution studies on the metalated species illustrated metal-induced stability. An increase in the melting temperatures was observed for Hg(II), Pb(II), or Cd(II) bound α3DIV by 18-24 °C compared to its apo counterpart. Further, the extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis on Hg(II)-α3DIV produced an average Hg(II)-S bond length at 2.36 Å, indicating a trigonal T-shaped coordination environment. Overall, the structure of apo α3DIV reveals an asymmetric distorted triscysteine metal binding site, which offers a model for native metalloregulatory proteins with thiol-rich ligands that function in regulating toxic heavy metals, such as ArsR, CadC, MerR, and PbrR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen P Dzul
- #Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | | | - Timothy L Stemmler
- #Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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121
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Palmer J, Parkin G. Protolytic cleavage of Hg-C bonds induced by 1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazole-2-selone: synthesis and structural characterization of mercury complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4503-16. [PMID: 25822075 PMCID: PMC4415037 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multinuclear ((1)H, (77)Se, and (199)Hg) NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that 1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazole-2-selone, H(sebenzim(Me)), a structural analogue of the selenoamino acid, selenoneine, binds rapidly and reversibly to the mercury centers of HgX2 (X = Cl, Br, I), while X-ray diffraction studies provide evidence for the existence of adducts of composition [H(sebenzim(Me))]xHgX2 (X = Cl, x = 2, 3, 4; X = I, x = 2) in the solid state. H(sebenzim(Me)) also reacts with methylmercury halides, but the reaction is accompanied by elimination of methane resulting from protolytic cleavage of the Hg-C bond, an observation that is of relevance to the report that selenoneine demethylates CysHgMe, thereby providing a mechanism for mercury detoxification. Interestingly, the structures of [H(sebenzim(Me))]xHgX2 exhibit a variety of different hydrogen bonding patterns resulting from the ability of the N-H groups to form hydrogen bonds with chlorine, iodine, and selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
H. Palmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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122
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Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ. Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2015; 101:133-64. [PMID: 22945569 PMCID: PMC4144270 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1990] [Impact Index Per Article: 221.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density at least five times greater than that of water. Their multiple industrial, domestic, agricultural, medical, and technological applications have led to their wide distribution in the environment, raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment. Their toxicity depends on several factors including the dose, route of exposure, and chemical species, as well as the age, gender, genetics, and nutritional status of exposed individuals. Because of their high degree of toxicity, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury rank among the priority metals that are of public health significance. These metallic elements are considered systemic toxicants that are known to induce multiple organ damage, even at lower levels of exposure. They are also classified as human carcinogens (known or probable) according to the US Environmental Protection Agency and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This review provides an analysis of their environmental occurrence, production and use, potential for human exposure, and molecular mechanisms of toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Tchounwou
- NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, 18750, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA,
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123
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Gil-Allué C, Schirmer K, Tlili A, Gessner MO, Behra R. Silver nanoparticle effects on stream periphyton during short-term exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1165-1172. [PMID: 25513720 DOI: 10.1021/es5050166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are increasingly used as antimicrobials in consumer products. Subsequently released into aquatic environments, they are likely to come in contact with microbial communities like periphyton, which plays a key role as a primary producer in stream ecosystems. At present, however, very little is known about the effects of nanoparticles on processes mediated by periphyton communities. We assessed the effects of citrate-coated silver nanoparticles and silver ions (dosed as AgNO3) on five functional end points reflecting community and ecosystem-level processes in periphyton: photosynthetic yield, respiration potential, and the activity of three extracellular enzymes. After 2 h of exposure in experimental microcosms, AgNP and AgNO3 inhibited respiration and photosynthesis of periphyton and the activities of two of the three extracellular enzymes. Addition of a chelating ligand that complexes free silver ions indicated that, in most cases, toxicity of AgNP suspensions was caused by Ag(I) dissolved from the particles. However, these suspensions inhibited one of the extracellular enzymes (leucine aminopeptidase), pointing to a specific nanoparticle effect independent of the dissolved Ag(I). Thus, our results show that both silver nanoparticles and silver ions have potential to disrupt basic metabolic functions and enzymatic resource acquisition of stream periphyton.
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124
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Fiuza TDL, Oliveira CS, da Costa M, Oliveira VA, Zeni G, Pereira ME. Effectiveness of (PhSe)2 in protect against the HgCl2 toxicity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:255-62. [PMID: 24954677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the preventive effect of diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)2] on renal and hepatic toxicity biomarkers and oxidative parameters in adult mice exposed to mercury chloride (HgCl2). Selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) determination was also carried out. Mice received a daily oral dose of (PhSe)2 (5.0mg/kg/day) or canola oil for five consecutive days. During the following five days, the animals were treated with a daily subcutaneous dose of HgCl2 (5.0mg/kg/day) or saline (0.9%). Twenty-four hours after the last HgCl2 administration, the animals were sacrificed and biological material was obtained. Concerning toxicity biomarkers, Hg exposure inhibited blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and also increased serum creatinine levels. (PhSe)2 partially prevented blood δ-ALA-D inhibition and totally prevented the serum creatinine increase. Regarding the oxidative parameters, Hg decreased kidney TBARS levels and increased kidney non-protein thiol levels, while (PhSe)2 pre-treatment partially protected the kidney thiol levels increase. Animals exposed to HgCl2 presented Hg content accumulation in blood, kidney and liver. The (PhSe)2 pre-treatment increased Hg accumulation in kidney and decreased in blood. These results show that (PhSe)2 can be efficient in protecting against these toxic effects presented by this Hg exposure model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago da Luz Fiuza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Antunes Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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125
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Fatima S, Al-Mohaimeed N, Arjumand S, Banu N, Al-Jameil N, Al-Shaikh Y. Effect of pre- and post-combined multidoses of epigallocatechin gallate and coenzyme Q10 on cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 29:91-7. [PMID: 25382014 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nephroprotective effect of coenzyme Q10 and epigallocatechin gallate was investigated in rats with acute renal injury induced by a single nephrotoxic dose of cisplatin. Two days prior to cisplatin administration, epigallocatechin gallate and coenzyme Q10 alone and in four different combinations were given for 6 days. The treatment with antioxidants significantly protected the cisplatin-induced increase in the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Both the antioxidants alone or in different combinations significantly compensated the increased malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels. Moreover, the decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and the concentration of selenium, zinc, and copper ions were significantly attenuated in renal tissue. In conclusion, epigallocatechin gallate and coenzyme Q10 are equally effective against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, whereas the intervention by combining these two antioxidants was found to be highly effective at low doses in attenuating oxidative stress in rat kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Fatima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi, Arabia.
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126
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Stirpe A, Pantusa M, Guzzi R, Bartucci R, Sportelli L. Chain interdigitation in DPPC bilayers induced by HgCl2: Evidences from continuous wave and pulsed EPR. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 183:176-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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127
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Nikolić RS, Krstić NS, Nikolić GM, Kocić GM, Cakić MD, Anđelković DH. Molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of lipoic acid in copper intoxicated rats assessment by FTIR and ESI-MS. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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128
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Sokurenko LM, Chaikovskii YB. Protective Effect of Mildronate against Toxic Influence of Mercury(II) Chloride on Cultured Neuroblastoma Cells. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-014-9440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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129
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Sharma B, Singh S, Siddiqi NJ. Biomedical implications of heavy metals induced imbalances in redox systems. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:640754. [PMID: 25184144 PMCID: PMC4145541 DOI: 10.1155/2014/640754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several workers have extensively worked out the metal induced toxicity and have reported the toxic and carcinogenic effects of metals in human and animals. It is well known that these metals play a crucial role in facilitating normal biological functions of cells as well. One of the major mechanisms associated with heavy metal toxicity has been attributed to generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which develops imbalance between the prooxidant elements and the antioxidants (reducing elements) in the body. In this process, a shift to the former is termed as oxidative stress. The oxidative stress mediated toxicity of heavy metals involves damage primarily to liver (hepatotoxicity), central nervous system (neurotoxicity), DNA (genotoxicity), and kidney (nephrotoxicity) in animals and humans. Heavy metals are reported to impact signaling cascade and associated factors leading to apoptosis. The present review illustrates an account of the current knowledge about the effects of heavy metals (mainly arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium) induced oxidative stress as well as the possible remedies of metal(s) toxicity through natural/synthetic antioxidants, which may render their effects by reducing the concentration of toxic metal(s). This paper primarily concerns the clinicopathological and biomedical implications of heavy metals induced oxidative stress and their toxicity management in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Department of Genetics, SGPGIMS, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Nikhat J. Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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130
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Pochini L, Scalise M, Galluccio M, Indiveri C. Membrane transporters for the special amino acid glutamine: structure/function relationships and relevance to human health. Front Chem 2014; 2:61. [PMID: 25157349 PMCID: PMC4127817 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine together with glucose is essential for body's homeostasis. It is the most abundant amino acid and is involved in many biosynthetic, regulatory and energy production processes. Several membrane transporters which differ in transport modes, ensure glutamine homeostasis by coordinating its absorption, reabsorption and delivery to tissues. These transporters belong to different protein families, are redundant and ubiquitous. Their classification, originally based on functional properties, has recently been associated with the SLC nomenclature. Function of glutamine transporters is studied in cells over-expressing the transporters or, more recently in proteoliposomes harboring the proteins extracted from animal tissues or over-expressed in microorganisms. The role of the glutamine transporters is linked to their transport modes and coupling with Na+ and H+. Most transporters share specificity for other neutral or cationic amino acids. Na+-dependent co-transporters efficiently accumulate glutamine while antiporters regulate the pools of glutamine and other amino acids. The most acknowledged glutamine transporters belong to the SLC1, 6, 7, and 38 families. The members involved in the homeostasis are the co-transporters B0AT1 and the SNAT members 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7; the antiporters ASCT2, LAT1 and 2. The last two are associated to the ancillary CD98 protein. Some information on regulation of the glutamine transporters exist, which, however, need to be deepened. No information at all is available on structures, besides some homology models obtained using similar bacterial transporters as templates. Some models of rat and human glutamine transporters highlight very similar structures between the orthologs. Moreover the presence of glycosylation and/or phosphorylation sites located at the extracellular or intracellular faces has been predicted. ASCT2 and LAT1 are over-expressed in several cancers, thus representing potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pochini
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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131
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Branco V, Godinho-Santos A, Gonçalves J, Lu J, Holmgren A, Carvalho C. Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase inhibition, selenium status, and Nrf-2 activation are determinant factors modulating the toxicity of mercury compounds. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:95-105. [PMID: 24816296 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The thioredoxin system has essential functions in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis in the cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria. Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) are targets for mercury compounds in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed at understanding mechanistically how the mitochondrial and cytosolic thioredoxin systems were affected by mercurials, including the regulation of TrxR transcription. The effects of coexposure to selenite and mercurials on the thioredoxin system were also addressed. Results in HepG2 cells showed that TrxR1 expression was enhanced by Hg(2+), whereas exposure to MeHg decreased expression. Selenite exposure also increased the expression of TrxR1 and resulted in higher specific activity. Coexposure to 2 µM selenite and up to 5 µM Hg(2+) increased even further TrxR1 expression. This synergistic effect was not verified for MeHg, because TrxR1 expression and activity were reduced. Analysis of Nrf-2 translocation to the nucleus and TrxR mRNA suggests that induction of TrxR1 transcription was slower upon exposure to MeHg in comparison to Hg(2+). Subcellular fractions showed that MeHg affected the activity of the thioredoxin system equally in the mitochondria and cytosol, whereas Hg(2+) inhibited primarily the activity of TrxR2. The expression of TrxR2 was not upregulated by any treatment. These results show important differences between the mechanisms of toxicity of Hg(2+) and MeHg and stress the narrow range of selenite concentrations capable of antagonizing mercury toxicity. The results also highlight the relevance of the mitochondrial thioredoxin system (TrxR2 and Trx2) in the development of mercury toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Branco
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Godinho-Santos
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Gonçalves
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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132
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Amir A, Ezra A, Shimon LJW, Fischer B. Novel Cu(I)-selective chelators based on a bis(phosphorothioyl)amide scaffold. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7901-8. [PMID: 25033439 DOI: 10.1021/ic500465z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bis(dialkyl/aryl-phosphorothioyl)amide (BPA) derivatives are versatile ligands known by their high metal-ion affinity and selectivity. Here, we synthesized related chelators based on bis(1,3,2-dithia/dioxaphospholane-2-sulfide)amide (BTPA/BOPA) scaffolds targeting the chelation of soft metal ions. Crystal structures of BTPA compounds 6 (N(-)R3NH(+)) and 8 (NEt) revealed a gauche geometry, while BOPA compound 7 (N(-)R3NH(+)) exhibited an anti-geometry. Solid-state (31)P magic-angle spinning NMR spectra of BTPA 6-Hg(II) and 6-Zn(II) complexes imply a square planar or tetrahedral geometry of the former and a distorted tetrahedral geometry of the latter, while both BTPA 6-Ni(II) and BOPA 7-Ni(II) complexes possibly form a polymeric structure. In Cu(I)-H2O2 system (Fenton reaction conditions) BTPA compounds 6, 8, and 10 (NCH2Ph) were identified as most potent antioxidants (IC50 32, 56, and 29 μM, respectively), whereas BOPA analogues 7, 9 (NEt), and 11 (NCH2Ph) were found to be poor antioxidants. In Fe(II)-H2O2 system, IC50 values for both BTPA and BOPA compounds exceeded 500 μM indicating high selectivity to Cu(I) versus the borderline Fe(II)-ion. Neither BTPA nor BOPA derivatives showed radical scavenging properties in H2O2 photolysis, implying that inhibition of the Cu(I)-induced Fenton reaction by both BTPA and BOPA analogues occurred predominantly through Cu(I)-chelation. In addition, NMR-monitored Cu(I)- and Zn(II)-titration of BTPA compounds 8 and 10 showed their high selectivity to a soft metal ion, Cu(I), as compared to a borderline metal ion, Zn(II). In summary, lipophilic BTPA analogues are promising highly selective Cu(I) ion chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviran Amir
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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134
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Rafati-Rahimzadeh M, Rafati-Rahimzadeh M, Kazemi S, Moghadamnia AA. Current approaches of the management of mercury poisoning: need of the hour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:46. [PMID: 24888360 PMCID: PMC4055906 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-22-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mercury poisoning cases have been reported in many parts of the world, resulting in many deaths every year. Mercury compounds are classified in different chemical types such as elemental, inorganic and organic forms. Long term exposure to mercury compounds from different sources e.g. water, food, soil and air lead to toxic effects on cardiovascular, pulmonary, urinary, gastrointestinal, neurological systems and skin. Mercury level can be measured in plasma, urine, feces and hair samples. Urinary concentration is a good indicator of poisoning of elemental and inorganic mercury, but organic mercury (e.g. methyl mercury) can be detected easily in feces. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a rapid, cheap and sensitive method for detection of thymine bound mercuric ions. Silver nanoparticles are used as a sensitive detector of low concentration Hg2+ ions in homogeneous aqueous solutions. Besides supportive therapy, British anti lewisite, dimercaprol (BAL), 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA. succimer) and dimercaptopropanesulfoxid acid (DMPS) are currently used as chelating agents in mercury poisoning. Natural biologic scavengers such as algae, azolla and other aquatic plants possess the ability to uptake mercury traces from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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135
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Vieira HP, Nascentes CC, Windmöller CC. Development and comparison of two analytical methods to quantify the mercury content in honey. J Food Compost Anal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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136
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Fouad AA, Jresat I. Thymoquinone therapy abrogates toxic effect of cadmium on rat testes. Andrologia 2014; 47:417-26. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Fouad
- Pharmacology Division; Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; King Faisal University; Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia
| | - I. Jresat
- Pathology Division; Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; King Faisal University; Al-Ahsa Saudi Arabia
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137
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USE OF CELLULOSE FILTER PAPER TO QUANTIFY WHOLE-BLOOD MERCURY IN TWO MARINE MAMMALS: VALIDATION STUDY. J Wildl Dis 2014; 50:271-8. [DOI: 10.7589/2013-08-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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138
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Al-Saleh I, Al-Rouqi R, Obsum CA, Shinwari N, Mashhour A, Billedo G, Al-Sarraj Y, Rabbah A. Mercury (Hg) and oxidative stress status in healthy mothers and its effect on birth anthropometric measures. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:567-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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139
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Oliveira VA, Oliveira CS, Ineu RP, Moraes-Silva L, de Siqueira LF, Pereira ME. Lactating and non-lactating rats differ in sensitivity to HgCl(2): Protective effect of ZnCl(2). J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:240-246. [PMID: 24679358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg) effects on oxidative parameters, markers of toxicity and metal levels in different tissues from non-lactating rats (NLR) and lactating rats (LR). Adult NLR and LR received ZnCl2 (27mg/kg) or saline (0.9%) subcutaneously and after 24h they received HgCl2 (5mg/kg) or saline (0.9%). Twenty four hours later, they were sacrificed and the preparation of biological material and biochemical analyses were performed. With respect to oxidative parameters, Hg exposure decreased kidney total SH levels from NLR and LR and hepatic catalase activity (not statistically significant) in NLR. Zinc pre-treatment partly prevented the decrease of kidney total SH levels in LR. Zinc per se increased hepatic non-protein SH levels of NLR and LR. Regarding toxicity markers, Hg exposure inhibited the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity from kidney and liver of NLR, inhibited serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity of LR and increased serum creatinine and urea levels of NLR and LR. Zinc pre-exposure prevented the enzymatic alterations caused by Hg. NLR and LR Hg exposed presented accumulation of mercury in the kidney, liver, blood and urine. Zinc pre-treatment prevented this accumulation partly in NLR liver and blood and completely in LR kidney and liver. These results show that NLR and LR are differently sensitive to HgCl2 and that ZnCl2 showed a promising effect against Hg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Antunes Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Porto Ineu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Moraes-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Lucieli Flores de Siqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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140
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Bouchet S, Björn E. Analytical developments for the determination of monomethylmercury complexes with low molecular mass thiols by reverse phase liquid chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1339:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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141
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Mok W, Hatanaka Y, Seoka M, Itoh T, Tsukamasa Y, Ando M. Effects of additional cysteine in fish diet on mercury concentration. Food Chem 2014; 147:340-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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142
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Rooney JP. The retention time of inorganic mercury in the brain — A systematic review of the evidence. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 274:425-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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143
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Joshi D, Mittal DK, Shukla S, Srivastav AK, Srivastav SK. Methylmercury toxicity: amelioration by selenium and water-soluble chelators as N-acetyl cysteine and dithiothreitol. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:351-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Joshi
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, UNESCO Satellite Center of Trace Element Research and School of Studies in Zoology; Jiwaji University; Gwalior Madhya Pradesh India
- Department of Zoology; DDU Gorakhpur University; Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Deepak Kumar Mittal
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, UNESCO Satellite Center of Trace Element Research and School of Studies in Zoology; Jiwaji University; Gwalior Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Sangeeta Shukla
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, UNESCO Satellite Center of Trace Element Research and School of Studies in Zoology; Jiwaji University; Gwalior Madhya Pradesh India
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144
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Grégoire DS, Poulain AJ. A little bit of light goes a long way: the role of phototrophs on mercury cycling. Metallomics 2014; 6:396-407. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00312d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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145
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Ngu-Schwemlein M, Lin X, Rudd B, Bronson M. Synthesis and ESI mass spectrometric analysis of the association of mercury(II) with multi-cysteinyl peptides. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 133:8-23. [PMID: 24413258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to gain more insight into the associations of mercury(II) with cysteinyl peptides, we investigated the effect of increasing cysteinyl residues on complex type formations. Three series of di-, tri-, and tetra-cysteinyl peptides, D[CGD]nCG (CP 2A, CP 3A, and CP 4A), E[CEG]nCG (CP 2B, CP 3B, and CP 4B) and E[CDG]nCG (CP 2C, CP 3C, and CP 4C), where n=1, 2, or 3, were prepared by microwave-assisted solid phase peptide synthesis. Complexes formed in different relative ratios of mercury(II) to cysteinyl peptides were characterized by electrospray orbitrap mass spectrometry utilizing complex specific mercury isotopic patterns. In equimolar mercury(II) to peptide ratio, all three series of di-, tri-, and tetra-cysteinyl peptides form predominantly the 1:1Hg(peptide) complex type, indicating that the intervening amino acid residues do not elicit preferential complex type formation. However, in non-equivalent mercury(II) to peptide ratio, the number of cysteinyl residues has a significant effect on the Hg:peptide stoichiometry in the complex formed. For example, in four times excess peptide, the 1:2Hg(peptide)2 and 1:1Hg(peptide) complexes are formed for di-cysteinyl peptides but not for the tri- and tetra-cysteinyl peptides. In contrast, the 2:1Hg2(peptide) and 1:1Hg(peptide) complexes are formed for the tri- and tetra-cysteinyl peptides. In excess mercury(II), CP 4C formed exclusively the 2:1Hg2(peptide) complex. The exact number of deprotonations observed for each complex could be derived from its signature mercury isotope pattern and monoisotopic peak mass. These multi-cysteinyl peptides present an attractive option for mercury chelation or environmental heavy metal remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ngu-Schwemlein
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA.
| | - Xiuli Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Brent Rudd
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA
| | - Matthew Bronson
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA
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146
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Sattler W, Palmer JH, Bridges CC, Joshee L, Zalups RK, Parkin G. Structural characterization of 1,3-propanedithiols that feature carboxylic acids: Homologues of mercury chelating agents. Polyhedron 2013; 64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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147
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Bharti A, Bharati P, Dulare R, Bharty M, Singh DK, Singh N. Studies on phenylmercury(II) complexes of nitrogen–sulfur ligands: Synthesis, spectral, structural characterization, TD-DFT and photoluminescent properties. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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148
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Bandaru NM, Reta N, Dalal H, Ellis AV, Shapter J, Voelcker NH. Enhanced adsorption of mercury ions on thiol derivatized single wall carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 261:534-41. [PMID: 23994651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-derivatized single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT-SH) powders were synthesized by reacting acid-cut SWCNTs with cysteamine hydrochloride using carbodiimide coupling. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the successful functionalization of the SWCNTs. SWCNT-SH powders exhibited a threefold higher adsorption capacity for Hg(II) ions compared to pristine SWCNTs, and a fourfold higher adsorption capacity compared to activated carbon. The influence of adsorption time, pH, initial metal concentration and adsorbent dose on Hg(II) ion removal was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of the SWCNT-SH powders was estimated by using equilibrium isotherms, such as Freundlich and Langmuir, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the SWCNT-SH powder was found to be 131 mg/g. A first-order rate model was employed to describe the kinetic adsorption process of Hg(II) ions onto the SWCNT-SH powders. Desorption studies revealed that Hg(II) ions could be easily removed from the SWCNT-SH powders by altering the pH. Further, the adsorption efficiency of recovered SWCNT-SH powders was retained up to 91%, even after 5 adsorption/desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha Murthy Bandaru
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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149
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Botasini S, Heijo G, Méndez E. Toward decentralized analysis of mercury (II) in real samples. A critical review on nanotechnology-based methodologies. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 800:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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150
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Fouad AA, Al-Mulhim AS, Gomaa W. Protective effect of cannabidiol against cadmium hepatotoxicity in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2013; 27:355-63. [PMID: 23993482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of cannabidiol, the non-psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, against liver toxicity induced by a single dose of cadmium chloride (6.5 mgkg(-1) i.p.) was investigated in rats. Cannabidiol treatment (5 mgkg(-1)/day, i.p.) was applied for five days starting three days before cadmium administration. Cannabidiol significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase, and suppressed hepatic lipid peroxidation, prevented the depletion of reduced glutathione and nitric oxide, and catalase activity, and attenuated the elevation of cadmium level in the liver tissue resulted from cadmium administration. Histopathological examination showed that cadmium-induced liver tissue injury was ameliorated by cannabidiol treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that cannabidiol significantly decreased the cadmium-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor-κB, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and increased the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in liver tissue. It was concluded that cannabidiol may represent a potential option to protect the liver tissue from the detrimental effects of cadmium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Fouad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pharmacology Division, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
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