101
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Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human gastric epithelial cells in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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102
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Li M, Yin JJ, Wamer WG, Lo YM. Mechanistic characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced toxicity using electron spin resonance. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 22:76-85. [PMID: 24673905 PMCID: PMC9359148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials that have been manufactured worldwide and applied in different commercial realms. The well-recognized ability of TiO2 to promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been extensively studied as one of the important mechanisms underlying TiO2 NPs toxicity. As the “gold standard” method to quantify and identify ROS, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has been employed in many studies aimed at evaluating TiO2 NPs safety. This review aims to provide a thorough discussion of current studies using ESR as the primary method to unravel the mechanism of TiO2 NPs toxicity. ESR spin label oximetry and immune-spin trapping techniques are also briefly introduced, because the combination of spin trapping/labeling techniques offers a promising tool for studying the oxidative damage caused by TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jun-Jie Yin
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Wayne G Wamer
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Y Martin Lo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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103
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An L, Li Z, Zhang T. Reversible effects of vitamins C and E combination on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in melamine-treated PC12 cells. Free Radic Res 2013; 48:239-50. [PMID: 24182201 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.861598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high nitrogen content, melamine was deliberately added to raw milk for increasing the apparent protein content. Previous studies showed that melamine-induced apoptosis and oxidative damage on PC12 cells and rats' hippocampus. Several evidences suggested that vitamin antioxidant reduced oxidative stress and improved organic function. Whether treatments with antioxidant vitamins C or E, otherwise combination of them can attenuate oxidative stress after melamine administration remains to be elucidated. In this study, the reversible effects of vitamin antioxidants was investigated on melamine-induced neurotoxicity in cultured PC12 cells, an in vitro model of neuronal cells. When comparing vitamin C and E, the combination of both statistically increased PC12 cells viability. The results further showed that vitamin complex has effectively reduced the formation of reaction oxygen species, decreased the level of malondialdehyde, and elevated the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis showed that vitamin combination treatment effectively prevented PC12 cells from this melamine-induced apoptosis. It revealed the apoptotic nuclear features of the melamine-induced cell death. Additionally, a combination treatment of vitamins effectively inhibited apoptosis via blocking the increased activation of caspase-3. In summary, the vitamin E and C combination treatment could rescue PC12 cells from the injury induced by melamine through the downregulation of oxidative stress and prevention of melamine-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L An
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University , Tianjin , P. R. China
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104
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Suitability of cell-based label-free detection for cytotoxicity screening of carbon nanotubes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:564804. [PMID: 24377092 PMCID: PMC3860081 DOI: 10.1155/2013/564804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity testing of nanoparticles (NPs) by conventional screening assays is often complicated by interference. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are particularly difficult to assess. To test the suitability of cell-based label-free techniques for this application, a panel of CNTs with different diameters and surface functionalizations was assessed by impedance-based technique (xCELLigence RTCA) and automated microscopy (Cell-IQ) compared to formazan bioreduction (MTS assay). For validation of the label-free systems different concentrations of ethanol and of amine (AMI) polystyrene NPs were used. CNTs were evaluated in various cell lines, but only endothelial EAhy926 cells and L929 and V79 fibroblasts could be evaluated in all systems. Polystyrene particles obtained similar results in all assays. All systems identified thin (<8 nm) CNTs as more cytotoxic than thick (>20 nm) CNTs, but detection by xCELLigence system was less sensitive to CNT-induced cytotoxicity. Despite advantages, such as continuous monitoring and more detailed analysis of cytotoxic effects, label-free techniques cannot be generally recommended for cytotoxicity screening of NPs.
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105
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Meng L, Jiang A, Chen R, Li CZ, Wang L, Qu Y, Wang P, Zhao Y, Chen C. Inhibitory effects of multiwall carbon nanotubes with high iron impurity on viability and neuronal differentiation in cultured PC12 cells. Toxicology 2013; 313:49-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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106
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Morsy GM, Abou El-Ala KS, Ali AA. Studies on fate and toxicity of nanoalumina in male albino rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:200-14. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713498462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress of nanoalumina (aluminium oxide nanoparticles, Al2O3-NPs) with a diameter <13 nm (9.83 ± 1.61 nm) as assessed by the perturbations in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as well as lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the brain, liver and kidney of male albino rats, after 2 days of single acute dose (3.9 or 6.4 or 8.5 g/kg) injection and a sublethal dose of 1.3 g/kg once in 2 days for a period of 28 days. According to two-way analysis of variance, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities as well as the levels of glutathione (GSH) and LPO were significantly affected by the injected doses, organs and their interactions. On the other hand, in sublethal experiments, these parameters were affected by the experimental periods, organs and their interactions. Regression analysis confirmed that the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH levels in the brain, liver and kidney were inversely proportional with the acute doses, the experimental periods, and aluminium accumulated in these tissues, whereas the levels of LPO exhibited a positive relationship. Correlation coefficient indicated that oxidative stress mainly depends on aluminium accumulated in the studied organs, followed by injected doses and the experimental periods. In comparison with the corresponding controls, the acute and sublethal doses of Al2O3-NPs caused significant inhibition of the brain, hepatic and renal SOD, CAT, GPx activities and a severe marked reduction in the concentrations of GSH that were associated with a significant elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde (an indicator of LPO). In conclusion, our data indicated that rats injected with nanoalumina suffered from the oxidative stresses that were dose and time dependent. In addition, Al2O3-NPs released into the biospheres could be potentiating a risk to the environment and causing hazard effects on living organisms, including mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M Morsy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Atef A Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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107
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Tang Y, Wang F, Jin C, Liang H, Zhong X, Yang Y. Mitochondrial injury induced by nanosized titanium dioxide in A549 cells and rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:66-72. [PMID: 23598258 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The nanosized titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) is an important nanoscale compound applied in many different fields because of its superior performance. Here, an anatase nano-TiO2 showed cytotoxicity in a dosage-dependent manner, which was in accordance with changes of A549 cell ultrastructure, A549 cell viability and intracellular ATP level. The lungs of rats treated with single intratracheal instillation of nano-TiO2 were injured, which was demonstrated by changes of alveolar epithelial cell ultrastructure, lung tissue pathology and lung tissue MDA level. The results of this study indicated that nano-TiO2 should be related to the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which injured mitochondria and prevented the synthesis of ATP. The cells were approaching to apoptosis eventually. In macroscopic view, the lungs inevitably suffered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin RD, Shanghai 200433, China
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108
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Shi H, Magaye R, Castranova V, Zhao J. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a review of current toxicological data. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013. [PMID: 23587290 DOI: 10.1186/17438977-10-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications. TiO2 NPs possess different physicochemical properties compared to their fine particle (FP) analogs, which might alter their bioactivity. Most of the literature cited here has focused on the respiratory system, showing the importance of inhalation as the primary route for TiO2 NP exposure in the workplace. TiO2 NPs may translocate to systemic organs from the lung and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) although the rate of translocation appears low. There have also been studies focusing on other potential routes of human exposure. Oral exposure mainly occurs through food products containing TiO2 NP-additives. Most dermal exposure studies, whether in vivo or in vitro, report that TiO2 NPs do not penetrate the stratum corneum (SC). In the field of nanomedicine, intravenous injection can deliver TiO2 nanoparticulate carriers directly into the human body. Upon intravenous exposure, TiO2 NPs can induce pathological lesions of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain. We have also shown here that most of these effects may be due to the use of very high doses of TiO2 NPs. There is also an enormous lack of epidemiological data regarding TiO2 NPs in spite of its increased production and use. However, long-term inhalation studies in rats have reported lung tumors. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the toxicology of TiO2 NPs and points out areas where further information is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shi
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, PR China
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109
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Shi H, Magaye R, Castranova V, Zhao J. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a review of current toxicological data. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:15. [PMID: 23587290 PMCID: PMC3637140 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 789] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications. TiO2 NPs possess different physicochemical properties compared to their fine particle (FP) analogs, which might alter their bioactivity. Most of the literature cited here has focused on the respiratory system, showing the importance of inhalation as the primary route for TiO2 NP exposure in the workplace. TiO2 NPs may translocate to systemic organs from the lung and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) although the rate of translocation appears low. There have also been studies focusing on other potential routes of human exposure. Oral exposure mainly occurs through food products containing TiO2 NP-additives. Most dermal exposure studies, whether in vivo or in vitro, report that TiO2 NPs do not penetrate the stratum corneum (SC). In the field of nanomedicine, intravenous injection can deliver TiO2 nanoparticulate carriers directly into the human body. Upon intravenous exposure, TiO2 NPs can induce pathological lesions of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain. We have also shown here that most of these effects may be due to the use of very high doses of TiO2 NPs. There is also an enormous lack of epidemiological data regarding TiO2 NPs in spite of its increased production and use. However, long-term inhalation studies in rats have reported lung tumors. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the toxicology of TiO2 NPs and points out areas where further information is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shi
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Ruth Magaye
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, P. R. China
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Public Health Department of Medical School, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211, P. R. China
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110
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Valdiglesias V, Costa C, Sharma V, Kiliç G, Pásaro E, Teixeira JP, Dhawan A, Laffon B. Comparative study on effects of two different types of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on human neuronal cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:352-61. [PMID: 23597443 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) are among most frequently used nanoparticles (NPs). They are present in a variety of consumer products, including food industry in which they are employed as an additive. The potential toxic effects of these NPs on mammal cells have been extensively studied. However, studies regarding neurotoxicity and specific effects on neuronal systems are very scarce and, to our knowledge, no studies on human neuronal cells have been reported so far. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to investigate the effects of two types of TiO₂ NPs, with different crystalline structure, on human SHSY5Y neuronal cells. After NPs characterization, a battery of assays was performed to evaluate the viability, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage in TiO₂ NP-exposed SHSY5Y cells. Results obtained showed that the behaviour of both types of NPs resulted quite comparable. They did not reduce the viability of neuronal cells but were effectively internalized by the cells and induced dose-dependent cell cycle alterations, apoptosis by intrinsic pathway, and genotoxicity not related with double strand break production. Furthermore, all these effects were not associated with oxidative damage production and, consequently, further investigations on the specific mechanisms underlying the effects observed in this study are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of A Coruña, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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111
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Ong KJ, Zhao X, Thistle ME, Maccormack TJ, Clark RJ, Ma G, Martinez-Rubi Y, Simard B, Loo JSC, Veinot JGC, Goss GG. Mechanistic insights into the effect of nanoparticles on zebrafish hatch. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:295-304. [PMID: 23421642 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.778345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are susceptible to waterborne nanoparticles (NP) and there is only limited understanding of the mechanisms by which these emerging contaminants may affect biological processes. This study used silicon (nSi), cadmium selenide (nCdSe), silver (nAg) and zinc NPs (nZnO) as well as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) to assess NP effects on zebrafish (Danio rerio) hatch. Exposure of 10 mg/L nAg and nCdSe delayed zebrafish hatch and 100 mg/L of nCdSe as well as 10 and 100 mg/L of uncoated nZnO completely inhibited hatch and the embryos died within the chorion. Both the morphology and the movement of the embryos were not affected, and it was determined that the main mechanism of hatch inhibition by NPs is likely through the interaction of NPs with the zebrafish hatching enzyme. Furthermore, it was concluded that the observed effects arose from the NPs themselves and not their dissolved metal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Jessica Ong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
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112
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Chang X, Zhang Y, Tang M, Wang B. Health effects of exposure to nano-TiO2: a meta-analysis of experimental studies. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:51. [PMID: 23351429 PMCID: PMC3599498 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper is aimed to investigate the toxicity of nano-TiO2 and its potential harmful impact on human health using meta-analysis of in vitro and short-time animal studies. Data were retrieved according to included and excluded criteria from 1994 to 2011. The combined toxic effects of nano-TiO2 were calculated by the different endpoints by cell and animal models. From analysis of the experimental studies, more than 50% showed positive statistical significance except the apoptosis group, and the cytotoxicity was in a dose-dependent but was not clear in size-dependent manner. Nano-TiO2 was detained in several important organs including the liver, spleen, kidney, and brain after entering the blood through different exposure routes, but the coefficient of the target organs was altered slightly from animal models. It is possible that nano-TiO2 can induce cell damage related to exposure size and dose. Further studies will be needed to demonstrate that nanoparticles have toxic effects on human body, especially in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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113
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Liu S, Yang Z. Evaluation of the effect of acute and subacute exposure to TiO₂ nanoparticles on oxidative stress. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1028:135-145. [PMID: 23740117 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-475-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The nanosized titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) is produced abundantly and used widely in the chemical, electrical/electronic, and energy industries because of its special photovoltaic and photocatalytic activities. Past reports have shown that the nano-TiO2 can enter into the human body through different routes such as inhalation, ingestion, dermal penetration, and injection. The effects of nano-TiO2 on different organs are currently being investigated. Oxidative stress is considered to play an important role in the oxidative potential of nanoparticles. Here we discuss the association between oxidative stress and the toxicity caused by exposure to nano-TiO2 in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Liu
- Nankai University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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114
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Hamzeh M, Sunahara GI. In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:864-73. [PMID: 23274916 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are increasing safety concerns about the development and abundant use of nanoparticles. The unique physical and chemical characteristics of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles result in different chemical and biological activities compared to their larger micron-sized counterparts, and can subsequently play an important role in influencing toxicity. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles with respect to their selected physicochemical properties, as well as the role of surface coating of these nanoparticles. While all types of tested TiO2 samples decrease cell viability in a mass-based concentration- and size-dependent manner, the polyacrylate-coated nano-TiO2 product was only cytotoxic at higher concentrations. A similar pattern of response was observed for induction of apoptosis/necrosis, and no DNA damage was detected in the polyacrylate-coated nano-TiO2 model. Given the increasing production of TiO2 nanoparticles, toxicological studies should take into account the physiochemical properties of these nanoparticles that may help researchers to develop new nanoparticles with minimum toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Hamzeh
- National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada.
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115
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Xu P, Xu J, Liu S, Yang Z. Nano copper induced apoptosis in podocytes via increasing oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 241-242:279-86. [PMID: 23063557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized copper particles (nano-Cu), one of the representative metal nanometer materials, were used in several domains, and the potential toxicity was raised more and more attention. In order to investigate the cytotoxicity induced by nano-Cu in podocytes, which was the key player of the glomerular filtration barrier, podocytes were treated with different concentrations of nano-Cu. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure the cell viability. Hoechst 33342 staining assay and Annexin V/PI double labeling assay were used to identify whether the cytotoxicity induced by nano-Cu was due to apoptosis or necrosis. The oxidative stress induced by nano-Cu and its mechanism were studied in relation to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). As a result, while podocytes were treated with nano-Cu, the cell viability was significantly decreased and the apoptosis was significantly increased in podocytes. Results showed that nano-Cu affected the oxidant-antioxidant balance and had cytotoxicity in podocytes, resulting in the enhanced generation of ROS and MDA. Meanwhile, pretreatment with N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (N-MPG), a type of ROS scavenger, could inhibit podocyte apoptosis induced by nano-Cu. Results suggested that the increased oxidative stress was a key mechanism in the podocyte apoptosis induced by nano-Cu, which could provide evidence for further research on the toxicity of nano-Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjuan Xu
- College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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116
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Srivastava RK, Rahman Q, Kashyap MP, Singh AK, Jain G, Jahan S, Lohani M, Lantow M, Pant AB. Nano-titanium dioxide induces genotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line, A549. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 32:153-66. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112462725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RK Srivastava
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Q Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - MP Kashyap
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - AK Singh
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - G Jain
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - S Jahan
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - M Lohani
- Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - M Lantow
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - AB Pant
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
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117
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Fröhlich E, Meindl C, Höfler A, Leitinger G, Roblegg E. Combination of small size and carboxyl functionalisation causes cytotoxicity of short carbon nanotubes. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:1211-24. [PMID: 22963691 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.729274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) could improve medical diagnosis and treatment provided they show no adverse effects in the organism. In this study, short CNTs with different diameters with and without carboxyl surface functionalisation were assessed. After physicochemical characterisation, cytotoxicity in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells was determined. The role of oxidative stress was evaluated according to the intracellular glutathione levels and protection by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). In addition to this, the mode of cell death was also investigated. CNTs <8 nm acted more cytotoxic than CNTs ≥20 nm and carboxylated CNTs more than pristine CNTs. Protection by NAC was maximal for large diameter pristine CNTs and minimal for small diameter carboxylated CNTs. Thin (<8 nm) CNTs acted mainly by disruption of membrane integrity and CNTs with larger diameter induced mainly apoptotic changes. It is concluded that cytotoxicity of small carboxylated CNTs occurs by necrosis and cannot be prevented by antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
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118
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Márquez-Ramírez SG, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Chirino YI, Iglesias GG, López-Marure R. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles inhibit proliferation and induce morphological changes and apoptosis in glial cells. Toxicology 2012; 302:146-56. [PMID: 23044362 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2) NPs) are widely used in the chemical, electrical and electronic industries. TiO(2) NPs can enter directly into the brain through the olfactory bulb and be deposited in the hippocampus region. We determined the effect of TiO(2) NPs on rat and human glial cells, C6 and U373, respectively. We evaluated proliferation by crystal violet staining, internalization of TiO(2) NPs, and cellular morphology by TEM analysis, as well as F-actin distribution by immunostaining and cell death by detecting active caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation. TiO(2) NPs inhibited proliferation and induced morphological changes that were related with a decrease in immuno-location of F-actin fibers. TiO(2) NPs were internalized and formation of vesicles was observed. TiO(2) NPs induced apoptosis after 96h of treatment. Hence, TiO(2) NPs had a cytotoxic effect on glial cells, suggesting that exposure to TiO(2) NPs could cause brain injury and be hazardous to health.
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119
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Ma H, Brennan A, Diamond SA. Photocatalytic reactive oxygen species production and phototoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles are dependent on the solar ultraviolet radiation spectrum. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2099-2107. [PMID: 22707245 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2)) and its consequent phototoxicity to Daphnia magna were measured under different solar ultraviolet (UV) spectra by applying a series of optical filters in a solar simulator. Removing UV-B (280-320 nm) from solar radiation had no significant impact on photocatalytic ROS production of nano-TiO(2), whereas removal of UV-A (320-400 nm) decreased ROS production remarkably. Removal of wavelengths below 400 nm resulted in negligible ROS production. A linear correlation between ROS production and D. magna immobilization suggests that photocatalytic ROS production may be a predictor of phototoxicity for nano-TiO(2). Intracellular ROS production within D. magna was consistent with the immobilization of the organism under different solar UV spectra, indicating that oxidative stress was involved in phototoxicity. The dependence of nano-TiO(2) phototoxicity on environmentally realistic variations in solar radiation suggests that risk assessment of these nanomaterials requires careful evaluation of exposure conditions in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Ma
- Office of Research and Development, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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120
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Zhang Y, Tekobo S, Tu Y, Zhou Q, Jin X, Dergunov SA, Pinkhassik E, Yan B. Permission to enter cell by shape: nanodisk vs nanosphere. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:4099-4105. [PMID: 22839702 DOI: 10.1021/am300840p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Changing polystyrene nanoparticles from three-dimensional spherical shape to two-dimensional disk shape promotes their cell surface binding with significant reduction of cell uptake. As a result of lower cell uptake, nanodisks show very little perturbations on cell functions such as cellular ROS generation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression compared to nanospheres. Therefore, disk-shaped nanoparticles may be a promising template for developing cell membrane-specific and safer imaging agents for a range of biomedical applications such as molecular imaging, tissue engineering, cell tracking, and stem cell separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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121
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Chen P, Kanehira K, Sonezaki S, Taniguchi A. Detection of cellular response to titanium dioxide nanoparticle agglomerates by sensor cells using heat shock protein promoter. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:3112-8. [PMID: 22729720 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is becoming increasingly important for products used in our daily lives, such as the masses of titanium dioxide nanoparticle agglomerates (TiO(2) NPs) used in the pharmaceutical industry, for cosmetic products, or for pigments. Meanwhile, a serious lack of detailed information concerning the interaction between the nanomaterials and cells limits their biological and medical applications. Sensing technology is very important for understanding these interactions. We have shown that TiO(2) NPs induce heat shock protein 70B' (HSP70B') mRNA [Okuda-Shimazaki et al., 2010. Int J Mol Sci 11:2383-2392]. In the current work, sensor cells for detection of cellular responses to NPs were prepared by transfecting an HSP70B' promoter-reporter plasmid. First, to find suitable cells for detection, five different mammalian cell lines were chosen as potential sensor cells. The results showed TiO(2) NP response in some cell lines, although different sensor cells had different TiO(2) NP response levels, as heat shock response ability is important for the detection. Then, we studied the TiO(2) NP time-course response and dose response. The results indicated that our sensor cells can detect TiO(2) NP cellular responses. Our work should aid in understanding the interactions between bio-nanomaterials and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Cell-Materials Interaction Group, Biomaterials Unit, Nano-Bio Field, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Abstract
Because of the special physical and chemical character, TiO2nonmaterials have been applied in many fields and bring enormous progress to people’s life. However, a new problem has turned to be the focus of people’s attention, that is, whether TiO2nonmaterial may bring about harm to the organism. This paper introduces three contacts (breathing contact, alimentary canal contact, shin contact) between TiO2nanometer materials and people, and then recommends the safety affection of TiO2nonmaterial for people. In the end there are some protection measures of TiO2nanometer dust which may be harmful to our health.
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123
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Valant J, Iavicoli I, Drobne D. The importance of a validated standard methodology to define in vitro toxicity of nano-TiO2. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:493-502. [PMID: 21932125 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Several in vitro studies on the potential toxicity of nano-TiO(2) have been published and recent reviews have summarised them. Most of these reports concluded that physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are fundamental to their toxicological effects. No published review has compared in vitro tests with similar test strategies in terms of exposure duration and measured endpoints and for this reason we have attempted to assess the degree of homogeneity among in vitro tests and to assess if they afford reliable data to support risk assessment. The responses in different in vitro tests appeared to be unrelated to primary particle size. The biologically effective concentrations in different tests can be seen to differ by as many as two orders of magnitude and such differences could be explained either by different sensitivities of cell lines to nanoparticles or by effect of the test media. Our review indicates that even when the in vitro tests measure the same biomarkers with the same exposure duration and known primary particle sizes, it is insufficient merely to use such data for risk assessment. In the future, validated standard methods should include a limited number of cell lines and an obligatory selection of biomarkers. For routine purposes, it is important that assays can be easily conducted, false negatives and false positives are excluded and unbiased interpretation of results is provided. Papers published to date provide an understanding of the mode on nano-TiO(2) action but are not suitable for assessment and management of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janez Valant
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Zhang J, Song W, Guo J, Zhang J, Sun Z, Li L, Ding F, Gao M. Cytotoxicity of different sized TiO2 nanoparticles in mouse macrophages. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:523-33. [PMID: 22508397 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712442708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With large-scale production and wide application of nano-titanium oxide (TiO2), its health hazard has attracted extensive attention worldwide. In this study, mouse macrophages (Ana-1 and MH-S cells) were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of different sized TiO2 nanoparticles. The results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles caused low toxicity, especially in MH-S cells. There was a difference in the cytotoxicity induced by different sized TiO2 particles. The 25 nm anatase particles induced the strongest cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, followed by 5 and 100 nm anatase particles; in contrast, 100 nm rutile particles induced the lowest toxicity. Although TiO2 nanoparticles induced high levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the determination of ROS demonstrated that the inherent oxidative capacity of TiO2 nanoparticles was lower in the absence of photoactivation. Therefore, the generation of intracellular ROS could not completely depend on inherent oxidative capacity of TiO2 nanoparticles. Toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles could mainly depend on the structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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125
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Shi J, Karlsson HL, Johansson K, Gogvadze V, Xiao L, Li J, Burks T, Garcia-Bennett A, Uheida A, Muhammed M, Mathur S, Morgenstern R, Kagan VE, Fadeel B. Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 protects against toxicity induced by silica nanoparticles but not by zinc oxide nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2012; 6:1925-38. [PMID: 22303956 PMCID: PMC3314313 DOI: 10.1021/nn2021056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) is an antioxidant enzyme located predominantly in the mitochondrial outer membrane and endoplasmic reticulum and has been shown to protect cells from lipid peroxidation induced by a variety of cytostatic drugs and pro-oxidant stimuli. We hypothesized that MGST1 may also protect against nanomaterial-induced cytotoxicity through a specific effect on lipid peroxidation. We evaluated the induction of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress by TiO(2), CeO(2), SiO(2), and ZnO in the human MCF-7 cell line with or without overexpression of MGST1. SiO(2) and ZnO nanoparticles caused dose- and time-dependent toxicity, whereas no obvious cytotoxic effects were induced by nanoparticles of TiO(2) and CeO(2). We also noted pronounced cytotoxicity for three out of four additional SiO(2) nanoparticles tested. Overexpression of MGST1 reversed the cytotoxicity of the main SiO(2) nanoparticles tested and for one of the supplementary SiO(2) nanoparticles but did not protect cells against ZnO-induced cytotoxic effects. The data point toward a role of lipid peroxidation in SiO(2) nanoparticle-induced cell death. For ZnO nanoparticles, rapid dissolution was observed, and the subsequent interaction of Zn(2+) with cellular targets is likely to contribute to the cytotoxic effects. A direct inhibition of MGST1 by Zn(2+) could provide a possible explanation for the lack of protection against ZnO nanoparticles in this model. Our data also showed that SiO(2) nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity is mitigated in the presence of serum, potentially through masking of reactive surface groups by serum proteins, whereas ZnO nanoparticles were cytotoxic both in the presence and in the absence of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Shi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna L. Karlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Johansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisong Xiao
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jiangtian Li
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Terrance Burks
- Functional Materials Microelectronics and Applied Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Garcia-Bennett
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abdusalam Uheida
- Functional Materials Microelectronics and Applied Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Mamoun Muhammed
- Functional Materials Microelectronics and Applied Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralf Morgenstern
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Address correspondence to
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Montiel-Dávalos A, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Alfaro-Moreno E, Soria-Castro E, García-Latorre E, Cabañas-Moreno JG, del Pilar Ramos-Godinez M, López-Marure R. TiO₂ nanoparticles induce dysfunction and activation of human endothelial cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:920-30. [PMID: 22352400 DOI: 10.1021/tx200551u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can reach the blood and cause inflammation, suggesting that nanoparticles-endothelial cells interactions may be pathogenically relevant. We evaluated the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂) on proliferation, death, and responses related with inflammatory processes such as monocytic adhesion and expression of adhesion molecules (E- and P-selectins, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and PECAM-1) and with inflammatory molecules (tissue factor, angiotensin-II, VEGF, and oxidized LDL receptor-1) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We also evaluated the production of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide production, and NF-κB pathway activation. Aggregates of TiO₂ of 300 nm or smaller and individual nanoparticles internalized into HUVEC inhibited proliferation strongly and induced apoptotic and necrotic death starting at 5 μg/cm². Besides, TiO₂ induced activation of HUVEC through an increase in adhesion and in expression of adhesion molecules and other molecules involved with the inflammatory process. These effects were associated with oxidative stress and NF-κB pathway activation. In conclusion, TiO₂ induced HUVEC activation, inhibition of cell proliferation with increased cell death, and oxidative stress.
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127
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Yoo KC, Yoon CH, Kwon D, Hyun KH, Woo SJ, Kim RK, Lim EJ, Suh Y, Kim MJ, Yoon TH, Lee SJ. Titanium dioxide induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-mediated Fas upregulation and Bax activation. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1203-14. [PMID: 22419868 PMCID: PMC3298386 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) has been widely used in many areas, including biomedicine, cosmetics, and environmental engineering. Recently, it has become evident that some TiO(2) particles have a considerable cytotoxic effect in normal human cells. However, the molecular basis for the cytotoxicity of TiO(2) has yet to be defined. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that combined treatment with TiO(2) nanoparticles sized less than 100 nm and ultraviolet A irradiation induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-dependent upregulation of Fas and conformational activation of Bax in normal human cells. Treatment with P25 TiO(2) nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic size distribution centered around 70 nm (TiO(2) (P25-70)) together with ultraviolet A irradiation-induced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death, accompanied by transcriptional upregulation of the death receptor, Fas, and conformational activation of Bax. In line with these results, knockdown of either Fas or Bax with specific siRNA significantly inhibited TiO(2)-induced apoptotic cell death. Moreover, inhibition of reactive oxygen species with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, clearly suppressed upregulation of Fas, conformational activation of Bax, and subsequent apoptotic cell death in response to combination treatment using TiO(2) (P25-70) and ultraviolet A irradiation. CONCLUSION These results indicate that sub-100 nm sized TiO(2) treatment under ultraviolet A irradiation induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-mediated upregulation of the death receptor, Fas, and activation of the preapoptotic protein, Bax. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which nanosized particles induce activation of cell death signaling pathways would be critical for the development of prevention strategies to minimize the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Chun Yoo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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128
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Metallic-based micro and nanocomposites in food contact materials and active food packaging. Trends Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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129
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Genc S, Zadeoglulari Z, Fuss SH, Genc K. The adverse effects of air pollution on the nervous system. J Toxicol 2012; 2012:782462. [PMID: 22523490 PMCID: PMC3317189 DOI: 10.1155/2012/782462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution is a serious and common public health concern associated with growing morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the last decades, the adverse effects of air pollution on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems have been well established in a series of major epidemiological and observational studies. In the recent past, air pollution has also been associated with diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and neurodevelopmental disorders. It has been demonstrated that various components of air pollution, such as nanosized particles, can easily translocate to the CNS where they can activate innate immune responses. Furthermore, systemic inflammation arising from the pulmonary or cardiovascular system can affect CNS health. Despite intense studies on the health effects of ambient air pollution, the underlying molecular mechanisms of susceptibility and disease remain largely elusive. However, emerging evidence suggests that air pollution-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, microglial activation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and alterations in the blood-brain barrier contribute to CNS pathology. A better understanding of the mediators and mechanisms will enable the development of new strategies to protect individuals at risk and to reduce detrimental effects of air pollution on the nervous system and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sermin Genc
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Zadeoglulari
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Stefan H. Fuss
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kursad Genc
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
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Toyooka T, Amano T, Ibuki Y. Titanium dioxide particles phosphorylate histone H2AX independent of ROS production. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 742:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Xu J, Xu P, Li Z, Huang J, Yang Z. Oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in C6 cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:738-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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132
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Prabhakar PV, Reddy UA, Singh SP, Balasubramanyam A, Rahman MF, Indu Kumari S, Agawane SB, Murty USN, Grover P, Mahboob M. Oxidative stress induced by aluminum oxide nanomaterials after acute oral treatment in Wistar rats. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:436-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Prabhakar
- Toxicology Unit; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad; Andhra Pradesh; India
| | - Utkarsh A. Reddy
- Toxicology Unit; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad; Andhra Pradesh; India
| | - S. P. Singh
- Toxicology Unit; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad; Andhra Pradesh; India
| | - A. Balasubramanyam
- Toxicology Unit; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad; Andhra Pradesh; India
| | - M. F. Rahman
- Toxicology Unit; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad; Andhra Pradesh; India
| | - S. Indu Kumari
- Toxicology Unit; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad; Andhra Pradesh; India
| | - Sachin B. Agawane
- Department of Pharmacology; Indian Institue of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad; Andhra Pradesh; India
| | - U. S. N. Murty
- Toxicology Unit; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad; Andhra Pradesh; India
| | - Paramjit Grover
- Toxicology Unit; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad; Andhra Pradesh; India
| | - Mohammed Mahboob
- Toxicology Unit; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad; Andhra Pradesh; India
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Skocaj M, Filipic M, Petkovic J, Novak S. Titanium dioxide in our everyday life; is it safe? Radiol Oncol 2011; 45:227-47. [PMID: 22933961 PMCID: PMC3423755 DOI: 10.2478/v10019-011-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) is considered as an inert and safe material and has been used in many applications for decades. However, with the development of nanotechnologies TiO(2) nanoparticles, with numerous novel and useful properties, are increasingly manufactured and used. Therefore increased human and environmental exposure can be expected, which has put TiO(2) nanoparticles under toxicological scrutiny. Mechanistic toxicological studies show that TiO(2) nanoparticles predominantly cause adverse effects via induction of oxidative stress resulting in cell damage, genotoxicity, inflammation, immune response etc. The extent and type of damage strongly depends on physical and chemical characteristics of TiO(2) nanoparticles, which govern their bioavailability and reactivity. Based on the experimental evidence from animal inhalation studies TiO(2) nanoparticles are classified as "possible carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and as occupational carcinogen by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The studies on dermal exposure to TiO(2) nanoparticles, which is in humans substantial through the use of sunscreens, generally indicate negligible transdermal penetration; however data are needed on long-term exposure and potential adverse effects of photo-oxidation products. Although TiO(2) is permitted as an additive (E171) in food and pharmaceutical products we do not have reliable data on its absorption, distribution, excretion and toxicity on oral exposure. TiO(2) may also enter environment, and while it exerts low acute toxicity to aquatic organisms, upon long-term exposure it induces a range of sub-lethal effects. CONCLUSIONS Until relevant toxicological and human exposure data that would enable reliable risk assessment are obtained, TiO(2) nanoparticles should be used with great care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Skocaj
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department for Nanostructured Materials, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Filipic
- National Institute of Biology, Department for Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Petkovic
- National Institute of Biology, Department for Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sasa Novak
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department for Nanostructured Materials, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Park YH, Jeong SH, Yi SM, Choi BH, Kim YR, Kim IK, Kim MK, Son SW. Analysis for the potential of polystyrene and TiO2 nanoparticles to induce skin irritation, phototoxicity, and sensitization. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1863-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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135
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Shukla RK, Kumar A, Gurbani D, Pandey AK, Singh S, Dhawan A. TiO2nanoparticles induce oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in human liver cells. Nanotoxicology 2011; 7:48-60. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.629747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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136
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137
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Li Y, Sun L, Jin M, Du Z, Liu X, Guo C, Li Y, Huang P, Sun Z. Size-dependent cytotoxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1343-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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138
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Li Z, Chen T, Lantz SM, Howard PC, Paule MG, Slikker W, Watanabe F, Mustafa T, Biris AS, Ali SF. Mechanistic toxicity evaluation of uncoated and PEGylated single-walled carbon nanotubes in neuronal PC12 cells. ACS NANO 2011; 5:7020-7033. [PMID: 21866971 DOI: 10.1021/nn2016259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated and compared the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and SWCNTs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (SWCNT-PEGs) in neuronal PC12 cells at the biochemical, cellular, and gene expressional levels. SWCNTs elicited cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, and SWCNT-PEGs exhibited less cytotoxic potency than uncoated SWCNTs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated in both a concentration- and surface coating-dependent manner after exposure to these nanomaterials, indicating different oxidative stress mechanisms. More specifically, gene expression analysis showed that the genes involved in oxidoreductases and antioxidant activity, nucleic acid or lipid metabolism, and mitochondria dysfunction were highly represented. Interestingly, alteration of the genes is also surface coating-dependent with a good correlation with the biochemical data. These findings suggest that surface functionalization of SWCNTs decreases ROS-mediated toxicological response in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Zhang
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
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Lu X, Qian J, Zhou H, Gan Q, Tang W, Lu J, Yuan Y, Liu C. In vitro cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis by silica nanoparticles in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:1889-901. [PMID: 21931484 PMCID: PMC3173051 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silica nanoparticles have been discovered to exert cytotoxicity and induce apoptosis in normal human cells. However, until now, few studies have investigated the cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles in tumor cells. Methods This study investigated the cytotoxicity of 7–50 nm silica nanoparticles in human HepG2 hepatoma cells, using normal human L-02 hepatocytes as a control. Cell nucleus morphology changes, cellular uptake, and expression of procaspase-9, p53, Bcl-2, and Bax, as well as the activity of caspase-3, and intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels in the silica nanoparticle-treated cells, were analyzed. Results The antitumor activity of the silica nanoparticles was closely related to particle size, and the antiproliferation activity decreased in the order of 20 nm > 7 nm > 50 nm. The silica nanoparticles were also cytotoxic in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, the silica nanoparticles showed only slight toxicity in the L-02 control cells, Moreover, in HepG2 cells, oxidative stress and apoptosis were induced after exposure to 7–20 nm silica nanoparticles. Expression of p53 and caspase-3 increased, and expression of Bcl-2 and procaspase-9 decreased in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the expression of Bax was not significantly changed. Conclusion A mitochondrial-dependent pathway triggered by oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species may be involved in apoptosis induced by silica nanoparticles, and hence cytotoxicity in human HepG2 hepatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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140
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Chen P, Migita S, Kanehira K, Sonezaki S, Taniguchi A. Development of sensor cells using NF-κB pathway activation for detection of nanoparticle-induced inflammation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2011; 11:7219-30. [PMID: 22164013 PMCID: PMC3231678 DOI: 10.3390/s110707219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanomaterials in consumer and industrial products has aroused concerns regarding their fate in biological systems. An effective detection method to evaluate the safety of bio-nanomaterials is therefore very important. Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), which is manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications, including pigment and cosmetic manufacturing, was once thought to be an inert material, but recently, more and more studies have indicated that TiO(2) nanoparticles (TiO(2) NPs) can cause inflammation and be harmful to humans by causing lung and brain problems. In order to evaluate the safety of TiO(2) NPs for the environment and for humans, sensor cells for inflammation detection were developed, and these were transfected with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) reporter gene. NF-κB as a primary cause of inflammation has received a lot of attention, and it can be activated by a wide variety of external stimuli. Our data show that TiO(2) NPs-induced inflammation can be detected by our sensor cells through NF-κB pathway activation. This may lead to our sensor cells being used for bio-nanomaterial safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Cell-Materials Interaction Group, Biomaterials Unit, Nano-Bio Field, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan; E-Mails: (P.C.); (S.M.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Migita
- Cell-Materials Interaction Group, Biomaterials Unit, Nano-Bio Field, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan; E-Mails: (P.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Koki Kanehira
- TOTO Ltd. Research Institute, Nakashima 2-1-1, Kokurakita, Kitakyushu, 802-8601, Japan; E-Mails: (K.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuji Sonezaki
- TOTO Ltd. Research Institute, Nakashima 2-1-1, Kokurakita, Kitakyushu, 802-8601, Japan; E-Mails: (K.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Akiyoshi Taniguchi
- Cell-Materials Interaction Group, Biomaterials Unit, Nano-Bio Field, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan; E-Mails: (P.C.); (S.M.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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141
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Xiong N, Xiong J, Khare G, Chen C, Huang J, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Qiao X, Feng Y, Reesaul H, Zhang Y, Sun S, Lin Z, Wang T. Edaravone guards dopamine neurons in a rotenone model for Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20677. [PMID: 21677777 PMCID: PMC3108992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (edaravone), an effective free radical scavenger, provides neuroprotection in stroke models and patients. In this study, we investigated its neuroprotective effects in a chronic rotenone rat model for Parkinson's disease. Here we showed that a five-week treatment with edaravone abolished rotenone's activity to induce catalepsy, damage mitochondria and degenerate dopamine neurons in the midbrain of rotenone-treated rats. This abolishment was attributable at least partly to edaravone's inhibition of rotenone-induced reactive oxygen species production or apoptotic promoter Bax expression and its up-regulation of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) expression. Collectively, edaravone may provide novel clinical therapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, and Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Ghanshyam Khare
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Chunnuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, and Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Xian Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Harrish Reesaul
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shenggang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, and Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZL); (TW)
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (ZL); (TW)
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Zhou Q, Dergunov SA, Zhang Y, Li X, Mu Q, Zhang Q, Jiang G, Pinkhassik E, Yan B. Safety profile and cellular uptake of biotemplated nanocapsules with nanometre-thin walls. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2576-2582. [PMID: 21509382 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10311c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanocapsules with nanometre-thin walls offer a promising platform for controlled cellular delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic agents. Therefore, their biocompatibility is crucial for future applications in the human body. However, there is little knowledge about their interaction with biological systems. In this study, polymeric nanocapsules containing different amounts of lipids and representing different scenarios for handling and storing nanocapsules are investigated. We find that all nanocapsules in our study can enter human cells and the presence of an outer lipid shell facilitates the process. These nanocapsules do not inhibit cell proliferation at concentrations up to 200 μg mL(-1) of nanocapsules. No cellular ROS, apoptosis or cell cycle perturbation is detected at this dose. These comprehensive examinations demonstrate that polymeric nanocapsules are promising nano-carriers for cellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Iavicoli I, Leso V, Fontana L, Bergamaschi A. Toxicological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a review of in vitro mammalian studies. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2011; 15:481-508. [PMID: 21744743 DOI: 10.1155/2012/964381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recent rapid advances in nanotechnology raise concerns about development, production route, and diffusion in industrial and consumer products of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). In fact, compared to recent increase in applications of this nanomaterial, the health effects of human exposure have not been systematically investigated. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview on the current knowledge regarding the effects of TiO2-NPs on mammalian cells. EVIDENCE AND INFORMATION SOURCES This review is based on an analysis of the current literature on this topic. STATE OF THE ART Fine TiO2 particles have been considered as safe and to pose little risk to humans, suggesting that exposure to this material is relatively harmless. However, available data in the literature showed that TiO2-NPs can cause several adverse effects on mammalian cells such as increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytokines levels, reduction of cell viability and proliferation, induction of apoptosis and genotoxicity. PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSIONS Additional research is needed to obtain up-to-date knowledge on health effects of TiO2-NPs and to avoid any potential risk correlated to their exposure. Consequently, future studies need to: (1) use an homogeneous and rigorous exposure classification to clarify how the physicochemical properties of TiO2-NPs correlate with their toxicological effects; (2) assess the potential adverse effects of low level exposures to TiO2-NPs, as most of the information currently available originates from studies in which exposure levels were excessively and unrealistically high; (3) identify the possible roles of TiO2-NPs in genotoxicity and carcinogenicity (4) carry out epidemiologic studies of exposed workers to provide an assessment of possible risks correlated to the occupational exposure to TiO2-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Iavicoli
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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144
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Woodward KN. Origins of injection-site sarcomas in cats: the possible role of chronic inflammation-a review. ISRN VETERINARY SCIENCE 2011; 2011:210982. [PMID: 23738095 PMCID: PMC3658838 DOI: 10.5402/2011/210982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of feline injection-site sarcomas remains obscure. Sarcomas and other tumors are known to be associated with viral infections in humans and other animals, including cats. However, the available evidence suggests that this is not the case with feline injection-site sarcomas. These tumors have more in common with sarcomas noted in experimental studies with laboratory animals where foreign materials such as glass, plastics, and metal are the causal agent. Tumors arising with these agents are associated with chronic inflammation at the injection or implantation sites. Similar tumors have been observed, albeit infrequently, at microchip implantation sites, and these also are associated with chronic inflammation. It is suggested that injection-site sarcomas in cats may arise at the administration site as a result of chronic inflammation, possibly provoked by adjuvant materials, with subsequent DNA damage, cellular transformation, and clonal expansion. However, more fundamental research is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N. Woodward
- Technology Sciences (Europe) Limited, Concordia House, St James Business Park, Grimbald Crag Court, Knaresborough, North Yorkshire, HG5 8QB, UK
- Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, Breakspear Road South, Harefield, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB9 6LS, UK
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145
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Xue C, Liu W, Wu J, Yang X, Xu H. Chemoprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cellular oxidative damages and apoptosis induced by nano titanium dioxide under UVA irradiation. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:110-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nabeshi H, Yoshikawa T, Matsuyama K, Nakazato Y, Matsuo K, Arimori A, Isobe M, Tochigi S, Kondoh S, Hirai T, Akase T, Yamashita T, Yamashita K, Yoshida T, Nagano K, Abe Y, Yoshioka Y, Kamada H, Imazawa T, Itoh N, Nakagawa S, Mayumi T, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y. Systemic distribution, nuclear entry and cytotoxicity of amorphous nanosilica following topical application. Biomaterials 2011; 32:2713-24. [PMID: 21262533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, nanomaterials (NMs) with particle sizes below 100 nm have been successfully employed in various industrial applications in medicine, cosmetics and foods. On the other hand, NMs can also be problematic in terms of eliciting a toxicological effect by their small size. However, biological and/or cellular responses to NMs are often inconsistent and even contradictory. In addition, relationships among NMs physicochemical properties, absorbency, localization and biological responses are not yet well understood. In order to open new frontiers in medical, cosmetics and foods fields by the safer NMs, it is necessary to collect the information of the detailed properties of NMs and then, build the prediction system of NMs safety. The present study was designed to examine the skin penetration, cellular localization, and cytotoxic effects of the well-dispersed amorphous silica particles of diameters ranging from 70 nm to 1000 nm. Our results suggested that the well-dispersed amorphous nanosilica of particle size 70 nm (nSP70) penetrated the skin barrier and caused systemic exposure in mouse, and induced mutagenic activity in vitro. Our information indicated that further studies of relation between physicochemical properties and biological responses are needed for the development and the safer form of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nabeshi
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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147
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Nabeshi H, Yoshikawa T, Arimori A, Yoshida T, Tochigi S, Hirai T, Akase T, Nagano K, Abe Y, Kamada H, Tsunoda SI, Itoh N, Yoshioka Y, Tsutsumi Y. Effect of surface properties of silica nanoparticles on their cytotoxicity and cellular distribution in murine macrophages. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:93. [PMID: 21711578 PMCID: PMC3212243 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Surface properties are often hypothesized to be important factors in the development of safer forms of nanomaterials (NMs). However, the results obtained from studying the cellular responses to NMs are often contradictory. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the surface properties of silica nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity against a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). The surface of the silica nanoparticles was either unmodified (nSP70) or modified with amine (nSP70-N) or carboxyl groups (nSP70-C). First, the properties of the silica nanoparticles were characterized. RAW264.7 cells were then exposed to nSP70, nSP70-N, or nSP70-C, and any cytotoxic effects were monitored by analyzing DNA synthesis. The results of this study show that nSP70-N and nSP70-C have a smaller effect on DNA synthesis activity by comparison to unmodified nSP70. Analysis of the intracellular localization of the silica nanoparticles revealed that nSP70 had penetrated into the nucleus, whereas nSP70-N and nSP70-C showed no nuclear localization. These results suggest that intracellular localization is a critical factor underlying the cytotoxicity of these silica nanoparticles. Thus, the surface properties of silica nanoparticles play an important role in determining their safety. Our results suggest that optimization of the surface characteristics of silica nanoparticles will contribute to the development of safer forms of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nabeshi
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Akihiro Arimori
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tokuyuki Yoshida
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Saeko Tochigi
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takanori Akase
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nagano
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Abe
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Tsunoda
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Norio Itoh
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Nabeshi H, Yoshikawa T, Matsuyama K, Nakazato Y, Tochigi S, Kondoh S, Hirai T, Akase T, Nagano K, Abe Y, Yoshioka Y, Kamada H, Itoh N, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y. Amorphous nanosilica induce endocytosis-dependent ROS generation and DNA damage in human keratinocytes. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:1. [PMID: 21235812 PMCID: PMC3030505 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clarifying the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials is crucial for hazard assessment and the safe application of these substances. With this in mind, we analyzed the relationship between particle size and the in vitro effect of amorphous nanosilica (nSP). Specifically, we evaluated the relationship between particle size of nSP and the in vitro biological effects using human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). Results Our results indicate that exposure to nSP of 70 nm diameter (nSP70) induced an elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to DNA damage. A markedly reduced response was observed using submicron-sized silica particles of 300 and 1000 nm diameter. In addition, cytochalasin D-treatment reduced nSP70-mediated ROS generation and DNA damage, suggesting that endocytosis is involved in nSP70-mediated cellular effects. Conclusions Thus, particle size affects amorphous silica-induced ROS generation and DNA damage of HaCaT cells. We believe clarification of the endocytosis pathway of nSP will provide useful information for hazard assessment as well as the design of safer forms of nSPs.
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150
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Wagner S, Bloh J, Kasper C, Bahnemann D. Toxicological Issues of Nanoparticles Employed in Photocatalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1515/green.2011.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA huge amount of different nanomaterials is nowadays on the market used for various specific applications. Some nanomaterials such as TiOHence these materials are used for many applications, e.g., for self-cleaning and antibacterial coatings on different surfaces and for the purification of wastewater where the cleaning can be induced by simple exposure to sunlight. Because of the frequent use of these nanoparticles it is important to investigate the life cycles of these nanostructured materials as well as their environmental impact and their toxicity to animals and humans.This review first gives a short overview about nanotechnology and nanotechnological products as well as about photocatalysis and semiconductors used in this field. We then discuss the need for a new technology named nanotoxicology and the problems occurring when investigating the toxic potential of nanomaterials as well as the life cycle of nanomaterials. Furthermore, we focus on the environmental impact of TiO
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