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MitoCeption as a new tool to assess the effects of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell mitochondria on cancer cell metabolism and function. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9073. [PMID: 25766410 PMCID: PMC4358056 DOI: 10.1038/srep09073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial activity is central to tissue homeostasis. Mitochondria dysfunction constitutes a hallmark of many genetic diseases and plays a key role in tumor progression. The essential role of mitochondria, added to their recently documented capacity to transfer from cell to cell, obviously contributes to their current interest. However, determining the proper role of mitochondria in defined biological contexts was hampered by the lack of suitable experimental tools. We designed a protocol (MitoCeption) to directly and quantitatively transfer mitochondria, isolated from cell type A, to recipient cell type B. We validated and quantified the effective mitochondria transfer by imaging, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and mitochondrial DNA analysis. We show that the transfer of minute amounts of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) mitochondria to cancer cells, a process otherwise occurring naturally in coculture, results in cancer cell enhanced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity and favors cancer cell proliferation and invasion. The MitoCeption technique, which can be applied to different cell systems, will therefore be a method of choice to analyze the metabolic modifications induced by exogenous mitochondria in host cells.
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102
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Ady JW, Desir S, Thayanithy V, Vogel RI, Moreira AL, Downey RJ, Fong Y, Manova-Todorova K, Moore MAS, Lou E. Intercellular communication in malignant pleural mesothelioma: properties of tunneling nanotubes. Front Physiol 2014; 5:400. [PMID: 25400582 PMCID: PMC4215694 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a particularly aggressive and locally invasive malignancy with a poor prognosis despite advances in understanding of cancer cell biology and development of new therapies. At the cellular level, cultured mesothelioma cells present a mesenchymal appearance and a strong capacity for local cellular invasion. One important but underexplored area of mesothelioma cell biology is intercellular communication. Our group has previously characterized in multiple histological subtypes of mesothelioma a unique cellular protrusion known as tunneling nanotubes (TnTs). TnTs are long, actin filament-based, narrow cytoplasmic extensions that are non-adherent when cultured in vitro and are capable of shuttling cellular cargo between connected cells. Our prior work confirmed the presence of nanotube structures in tumors resected from patients with human mesothelioma. In our current study, we quantified the number of TnTs/cell among various mesothelioma subtypes and normal mesothelial cells using confocal microscopic techniques. We also examined changes in TnT length over time in comparison to cell proliferation. We further examined potential approaches to the in vivo study of TnTs in animal models of cancer. We have developed novel approaches to study TnTs in aggressive solid tumor malignancies and define fundamental characteristics of TnTs in malignant mesothelioma. There is mounting evidence that TnTs play an important role in intercellular communication in mesothelioma and thus merit further investigation of their role in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Ady
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Snider Desir
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Integrative Biology and Physiology Program, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Venugopal Thayanithy
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel I Vogel
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - André L Moreira
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Downey
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Malcolm A S Moore
- Department of Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
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103
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Tang BL. Synthetic mitochondria as therapeutics against systemic aging: a hypothesis. Cell Biol Int 2014; 39:131-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University Health System; Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering; National University of Singapore; Medical Drive 117597 Singapore
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104
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Paschos NK, Brown WE, Eswaramoorthy R, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Advances in tissue engineering through stem cell-based co-culture. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:488-503. [PMID: 24493315 DOI: 10.1002/term.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are the future in tissue engineering and regeneration. In a co-culture, stem cells not only provide a target cell source with multipotent differentiation capacity, but can also act as assisting cells that promote tissue homeostasis, metabolism, growth and repair. Their incorporation into co-culture systems seems to be important in the creation of complex tissues or organs. In this review, critical aspects of stem cell use in co-culture systems are discussed. Direct and indirect co-culture methodologies used in tissue engineering are described, along with various characteristics of cellular interactions in these systems. Direct cell-cell contact, cell-extracellular matrix interaction and signalling via soluble factors are presented. The advantages of stem cell co-culture strategies and their applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are portrayed through specific examples for several tissues, including orthopaedic soft tissues, bone, heart, vasculature, lung, kidney, liver and nerve. A concise review of the progress and the lessons learned are provided, with a focus on recent developments and their implications. It is hoped that knowledge developed from one tissue can be translated to other tissues. Finally, we address challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine that can potentially be overcome via employing strategies for stem cell co-culture use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos K Paschos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedic Surgery, University of California at Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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105
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LEHMANN TOMASZP, FILIPIAK KRYSTYNA, JUZWA WOJCIECH, SUJKA-KORDOWSKA PATRYCJA, JAGODZIŃSKI PAWEŁP, ZABEL MACIEJ, GŁOWACKI JAKUB, MISTERSKA EWA, WALCZAK MICHAŁ, GŁOWACKI MACIEJ. Co-culture of human nucleus pulposus cells with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from human bone marrow reveals formation of tunnelling nanotubes. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:574-82. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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106
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Abstract
More than 40 variations of intercellular organelle transfer, such as a mitochondria or lysosome originating in one cell being transported to another cell, have been described. We review the mechanisms and subcellular structures by which, and conditions under which, transfer occurs, with particular attention paid to the role of external cell stress in activating transfer. We propose a research agenda for answering key questions in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Rogers
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York
| | - Jahar Bhattacharya
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York
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107
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Zhang J, Zhang Y. Membrane nanotubes: novel communication between distant cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2013; 56:994-9. [PMID: 24008389 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The many kinds of cell structures involved in cell-cell communication include tight junction, adherens junction and gap junction, but almost all are between adjacent cells. Recently, a general and dynamic membrane tether, termed tunneling nanotubes or membrane nanotubes (MNTs), was discovered to be involved in communication between distant cells. By facilitating intercellular communication, MNTs contribute to many biological functions and pathologic changes in cells. Many works have revealed the structure, formation and functional properties of MNTs. However, as novel structures, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Institute of Vascular Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
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108
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Masuzawa A, Black KM, Pacak CA, Ericsson M, Barnett RJ, Drumm C, Seth P, Bloch DB, Levitsky S, Cowan DB, McCully JD. Transplantation of autologously derived mitochondria protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H966-82. [PMID: 23355340 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00883.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction occur during ischemia and modulate cardiac function and cell survival significantly during reperfusion. We hypothesized that transplantation of autologously derived mitochondria immediately prior to reperfusion would ameliorate these effects. New Zealand White rabbits were used for regional ischemia (RI), which was achieved by temporarily snaring the left anterior descending artery for 30 min. Following 29 min of RI, autologously derived mitochondria (RI-mitochondria; 9.7 ± 1.7 × 10(6)/ml) or vehicle alone (RI-vehicle) were injected directly into the RI zone, and the hearts were allowed to recover for 4 wk. Mitochondrial transplantation decreased (P < 0.05) creatine kinase MB, cardiac troponin-I, and apoptosis significantly in the RI zone. Infarct size following 4 wk of recovery was decreased significantly in RI-mitochondria (7.9 ± 2.9%) compared with RI-vehicle (34.2 ± 3.3%, P < 0.05). Serial echocardiograms showed that RI-mitochondria hearts returned to normal contraction within 10 min after reperfusion was started; however, RI-vehicle hearts showed persistent hypokinesia in the RI zone at 4 wk of recovery. Electrocardiogram and optical mapping studies showed that no arrhythmia was associated with autologously derived mitochondrial transplantation. In vivo and in vitro studies show that the transplanted mitochondria are evident in the interstitial spaces and are internalized by cardiomyocytes 2-8 h after transplantation. The transplanted mitochondria enhanced oxygen consumption, high-energy phosphate synthesis, and the induction of cytokine mediators and proteomic pathways that are important in preserving myocardial energetics, cell viability, and enhanced post-infarct cardiac function. Transplantation of autologously derived mitochondria provides a novel technique to protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Masuzawa
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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109
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Seyed-Razavi Y, Hickey MJ, Kuffová L, McMenamin PG, Chinnery HR. Membrane nanotubes in myeloid cells in the adult mouse cornea represent a novel mode of immune cell interaction. Immunol Cell Biol 2012; 91:89-95. [PMID: 23146944 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Membrane nanotubes (MNTs) are newly discovered cellular extensions that are either blind-ended or can connect widely separated cells. They have predominantly been investigated in cultured isolated cells, however, previously we were the first group to demonstrate the existence of these structures in vivo in intact mammalian tissues. We previously demonstrated the frequency of both cell-cell or bridging MNTs and blind-ended MNTs was greatest between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II(+) cells during corneal injury or TLR ligand-mediated inflammation. The present study aimed to further explore the dynamics of MNT formation and their size, presence in another tissue, the dura mater, and response to stress factors and an active local viral infection of the murine cornea. Confocal live cell imaging of myeloid-derived cells in inflamed corneal explants from Cx(3)cr1(GFP) and CD11c(eYFP) transgenic mice revealed that MNTs form de novo at a rate of 15.5 μm/min. This observation contrasts with previous studies that demonstrated that in vitro these structures originate from cell-cell contacts. Conditions that promote formation of MNTs include inflammation in vivo and cell stress due to serum starvation ex vivo. Herpes simplex virus-1 infection did not cause a significant increase in MNT numbers in myeloid cells in the cornea above that observed in injury controls, confirming that corneal epithelium injury alone elicits MNT formation in vivo. These novel observations extend the currently limited understanding of MNTs in live mammalian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Seyed-Razavi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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110
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Ionescu L, Byrne RN, van Haaften T, Vadivel A, Alphonse RS, Rey-Parra GJ, Weissmann G, Hall A, Eaton F, Thébaud B. Stem cell conditioned medium improves acute lung injury in mice: in vivo evidence for stem cell paracrine action. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L967-77. [PMID: 23023971 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00144.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality and morbidity of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome remain high because of the lack of pharmacological therapies to prevent injury or promote repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prevent lung injury in various experimental models, despite a low proportion of donor-derived cell engraftment, suggesting that MSCs exert their beneficial effects via paracrine mechanisms. We hypothesized that soluble factors secreted by MSCs promote the resolution of lung injury in part by modulating alveolar macrophage (AM) function. We tested the therapeutic effect of MSC-derived conditioned medium (CdM) compared with whole MSCs, lung fibroblasts, and fibroblast-CdM. Intratracheal MSCs and MSC-CdM significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung neutrophil influx, lung edema, and lung injury as assessed by an established lung injury score. MSC-CdM increased arginase-1 activity and Ym1 expression in LPS-exposed AMs. In vivo, AMs from LPS-MSC and LPS-MSC CdM lungs had enhanced expression of Ym1 and decreased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase compared with untreated LPS mice. This suggests that MSC-CdM promotes alternative macrophage activation to an M2 "healer" phenotype. Comparative multiplex analysis of MSC- and fibroblast-CdM demonstrated that MSC-CdM contained several factors that may confer therapeutic benefit, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Recombinant IGF-I partially reproduced the lung protective effect of MSC-CdM. In summary, MSCs act through a paracrine activity. MSC-CdM promotes the resolution of LPS-induced lung injury by attenuating lung inflammation and promoting a wound healing/anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype in part via IGF-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Ionescu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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111
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Lim YS, Tang BL. Intercellular organelle trafficking by membranous nanotube connections: a possible new role in cellular rejuvenation? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:39-44. [DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2012.712574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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112
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Vallabhaneni KC, Haller H, Dumler I. Vascular smooth muscle cells initiate proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells by mitochondrial transfer via tunneling nanotubes. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:3104-13. [PMID: 22676452 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative cell-based therapy. The mechanisms underlying MSC differentiation and other functions relevant to therapeutic avenues remain however a matter of debate. Recent reports imply a critical role for intercellular contacts in MSC differentiation. We studied MSC differentiation to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in a coculture model using human primary MSCs and VSMCs. We observed that under these conditions, MSCs did not undergo the expected differentiation process. Instead, they revealed an increased proliferation rate. The upregulated MSC proliferation was initiated by direct contacts of MSCs with VSMCs; indirect coculture of both cell types in transwells was ineffective. Intercellular contacts affected cell growth in a unidirectional fashion, since VSMC proliferation was not changed. We observed formation of so-called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) between MSCs and VSMCs that revealed an intercellular exchange of a fluorescent cell tracker dye. Disruption of TNTs using cytochalasin D or latrunculin B abolished increased proliferation of MSCs initiated by contacts with VSMCs. Using specific fluorescent markers, we identified exchange of mitochondria via TNTs. By generation of VSMCs with mitochondrial dysfunction, we show that mitochondrial transfer from VSMCs to MSCs was required to regulate MSC proliferation in coculture. Our data suggest that MSC interaction with other cell types does not necessarily result in the differentiation process, but rather may initiate a proliferative response. They further point to complex machinery of intercellular communications at the place of vascular injury and to an unrecognized role of mitochondria in these processes.
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113
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Prunotto M, Budd DC, Meier M, Formentini I, Hartmann G, Pomposiello S, Moll S. From acute injury to chronic disease: pathophysiological hypothesis of an epithelial/mesenchymal crosstalk alteration in CKD. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27 Suppl 3:iii43-50. [PMID: 22785113 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational clinical studies link acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. The pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie this process are currently unknown but recently published papers suggest that tubular epithelial cells and interstitial mesenchymal cells emerge as a single unit, and their integrity alteration as a whole might lead to renal fibrosis and CKD. The present article reviews the biological findings supporting the hypothesis of an altered epithelial/mesenchymal crosstalk in fibrosis development and progression toward CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Prunotto
- Department of CV & Metabolic DTA, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
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114
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Marzo L, Gousset K, Zurzolo C. Multifaceted roles of tunneling nanotubes in intercellular communication. Front Physiol 2012; 3:72. [PMID: 22514537 PMCID: PMC3322526 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication and exchange of materials are vital processes in multicellular organisms during cell development, cell repair, and cell survival. In neuronal and immunological cells, intercellular transmission between neighboring cells occurs via different complex junctions or synapses. Recently, long distance intercellular connections in mammalian cells called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have been described. These structures have been found in numerous cell types and shown to transfer signals and cytosolic materials between distant cells, suggesting that they might play a prominent role in intercellular trafficking. However, these cellular connections are very heterogeneous in both structure and function, giving rise to more questions than answers as to their nature and role as intercellular conduits. To better understand and characterize the functions of TNTs, we have highlighted here the latest discoveries regarding the formation, structure, and role of TNTs in cell-to-cell spreading of various signals and materials. We first gathered information regarding their formation with an emphasis on the triggering mechanisms observed, such as stress and potentially important proteins and/or signaling pathways. We then describe the various types of transfer mechanisms, in relation to signals and cargoes that have been shown recently to take advantage of these structures for intercellular transfer. Because a number of pathogens were shown to use these membrane bridges to spread between cells we also draw attention to specific studies that point toward a role for TNTs in pathogen spreading. In particular we discuss the possible role that TNTs might play in prion spreading, and speculate on their role in neurological diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Marzo
- Unité de traffic membranaire et pathogenèse, Institut PasteurParis, France
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università Federico IINapoli, Italy
| | - Karine Gousset
- Unité de traffic membranaire et pathogenèse, Institut PasteurParis, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unité de traffic membranaire et pathogenèse, Institut PasteurParis, France
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università Federico IINapoli, Italy
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115
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Strassburg S, Hodson NW, Hill PI, Richardson SM, Hoyland JA. Bi-directional exchange of membrane components occurs during co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells and nucleus pulposus cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33739. [PMID: 22438989 PMCID: PMC3305345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have been proposed as novel treatments for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. We have previously demonstrated that when MSCs are co-cultured with nucleus pulposus (NP) cells with direct cell-cell contact, they differentiate along the NP lineage and simultaneously stimulate the degenerate NP cell population to regain a normal (non-degenerate) phenotype, an effect which requires cell-cell communication. However, the mechanisms by which NP cells and MSCs interact in this system are currently unclear. Thus, in this study we investigated a range of potential mechanisms for exchange of cellular components or information that may direct these changes, including cell fusion, gap-junctional communication and exchange of membrane components by direct transfer or via microvesicle formation. Flow cytometry of fluorescently labeled MSCs and NP cells revealed evidence of some cell fusion and formation of gapjunctions, although at the three timepoints studied these phenomena were detectable only in a small proportion of cells. While these mechanisms may play a role in cell-cell communication, the data suggests they are not the predominant mechanism of interaction. However, flow cytometry of fluorescently dual-labeled cells showed that extensive bi-directional transfer of membrane components is operational during direct co-culture of MSCs and NP cells. Furthermore, there was also evidence for secretion and internalization of membrane-bound microvesicles by both cell types. Thus, this study highlights bi-directional intercellular transfer of membrane components as a possible mechanism of cellular communication between MSC and NP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Strassburg
- Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel W. Hodson
- Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick I. Hill
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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116
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Lou E, Fujisawa S, Morozov A, Barlas A, Romin Y, Dogan Y, Gholami S, Moreira AL, Manova-Todorova K, Moore MAS. Tunneling nanotubes provide a unique conduit for intercellular transfer of cellular contents in human malignant pleural mesothelioma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33093. [PMID: 22427958 PMCID: PMC3302868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes are long, non-adherent F-actin-based cytoplasmic extensions which connect proximal or distant cells and facilitate intercellular transfer. The identification of nanotubes has been limited to cell lines, and their role in cancer remains unclear. We detected tunneling nanotubes in mesothelioma cell lines and primary human mesothelioma cells. Using a low serum, hyperglycemic, acidic growth medium, we stimulated nanotube formation and bidirectional transfer of vesicles, proteins, and mitochondria between cells. Notably, nanotubes developed between malignant cells or between normal mesothelial cells, but not between malignant and normal cells. Immunofluorescent staining revealed their actin-based assembly and structure. Metformin and an mTor inhibitor, Everolimus, effectively suppressed nanotube formation. Confocal microscopy with 3-dimensional reconstructions of sectioned surgical specimens demonstrated for the first time the presence of nanotubes in human mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma tumor specimens. We provide the first evidence of tunneling nanotubes in human primary tumors and cancer cells and propose that these structures play an important role in cancer cell pathogenesis and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Lou
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Moore Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sho Fujisawa
- Molecular Cytology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexei Morozov
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Moore Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Afsar Barlas
- Molecular Cytology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yevgeniy Romin
- Molecular Cytology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yildirim Dogan
- Moore Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sepideh Gholami
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - André L. Moreira
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Katia Manova-Todorova
- Molecular Cytology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Malcolm A. S. Moore
- Moore Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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117
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Acquistapace A, Bru T, Lesault PF, Figeac F, Coudert AE, Le Coz O, Christov C, Baudin X, Auber F, Yiou R, Dubois-Randé JL, Rodriguez AM. Human mesenchymal stem cells reprogram adult cardiomyocytes toward a progenitor-like state through partial cell fusion and mitochondria transfer. Stem Cells 2011; 29:812-24. [PMID: 21433223 PMCID: PMC3346716 DOI: 10.1002/stem.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Because stem cells are often found to improve repair tissue including heart without evidence of engraftment or differentiation, mechanisms underlying wound healing are still elusive. Several studies have reported that stem cells can fuse with cardiomyocytes either by permanent or partial cell fusion processes. However, the respective physiological impact of these two processes remains unknown in part because of the lack of knowledge of the resulting hybrid cells. To further characterize cell fusion, we cocultured mouse fully differentiated cardiomyocytes with human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells as a model of adult stem cells. We found that heterologous cell fusion promoted cardiomyocyte reprogramming back to a progenitor-like state. The resulting hybrid cells expressed early cardiac commitment and proliferation markers such as GATA-4, myocyte enhancer factor 2C, Nkx2.5, and Ki67 and exhibited a mouse genotype. Interestingly, human bone marrow-derived stem cells shared similar reprogramming properties than hMADS cells but not human fibroblasts, which suggests that these features might be common to multipotent cells. Furthermore, cardiac hybrid cells were preferentially generated by partial rather than permanent cell fusion and that intercellular structures composed of f-actin and microtubule filaments were involved in the process. Finally, we showed that stem cell mitochondria were transferred into cardiomyocytes, persisted in hybrids and were required for somatic cell reprogramming. In conclusion, by providing new insights into previously reported cell fusion processes, our data might contribute to a better understanding of stem cell-mediated regenerative mechanisms and thus, the development of more efficient stem cell-based heart therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Acquistapace
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Thierry Bru
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Pierre-François Lesault
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Florence Figeac
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Amélie E. Coudert
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Olivier Le Coz
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Christo Christov
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Xavier Baudin
- IJM, Institut Jacques Monod
CNRS : UMR7592Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7Batiment Buffon 15 rue Hélène Brion 75205 Paris cédex 13,FR
| | - Fréderic Auber
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique viscérale et néonatale
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)Hôpital Armand Trousseau75012 Paris,FR
| | - René Yiou
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
| | - Anne-Marie Rodriguez
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERM : U955Université Paris XII Val de MarneIFR1094010 Créteil, FR
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