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Renaud J, Martinoli MG. Considerations for the Use of Polyphenols as Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1883. [PMID: 30995776 PMCID: PMC6514961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases due to the increasingly ageing population has resulted in a major social and economic burden. At present, a large body of literature supports the potential use of functional nutrients, which exhibit potential neuroprotective properties to mitigate these diseases. Among the most studied dietary molecules, polyphenols stand out because of their multiple and often overlapping reported modes of action. However, ambiguity still exists as to the significance of their influence on human health. This review discusses the characteristics and functions of polyphenols that shape their potential therapeutic actions in neurodegenerative diseases while the less-explored gaps in knowledge of these nutrients will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Renaud
- Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A5H7, Canada.
| | - Maria-Grazia Martinoli
- Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières, Québec, QC G9A5H7, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval and CHU Research Center, Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Karimabad MN, Mahmoodi M, Jafarzadeh A, Darekordi A, Hajizadeh MR, Hassanshahi G. Molecular Targets, Anti-cancer Properties and Potency of Synthetic Indole-3-carbinol Derivatives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:540-554. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181116120145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The indole-3-carbinol (I3C) displays anti-cancer/proliferative activities against human cancer cells. Cellular proliferation is an event associated with the progress and its continuation. This manifest is described by variation in expression and/or functions of genes that are related with cell cycle relevant proteins. The constitutive activation of several signal transduction pathways stimulates cells proliferation as well. The immediate stages in cancer development are accompanied by a fibrogenic response and the progression of the hypoxic environment is in favor of survival and proliferatory functions of cancer stem cells. A main part for prevention of in cancer cells death may manifest through altering cell metabolism. Cellular proliferation and metastasis are reported to be supported with increased generation of responsible hormones (in hormone dependent malignancies), and further promotion the angiogenesis, with epithelial to mesenchymal transition. This may be facilitated by progression of autophagy phenomenon, as well as via taking cues from neighboring stromal cells. Several signaling pathways in association with various factors specific for cellular viability, including hypoxia inducible factor 1, NF-κB, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-1), phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, Wnt, cell cycle related protein, with androgen and estrogen receptor signaling are reported to be inhibited by I3C. These evidences, in association with bioinformatics data represent very important information for describing signaling pathways in parallel with molecular targets that may serve as markers for early diagnosis and/or critical targets for designing and development of novel therapeutic regimes alone or combined with drugs, to prevent tumor formation and further progression. In particular, I3C and DIM have been extensively investigated for their importance against numbers human cancers both in vitro and in vivo. We aimed the present manuscript, current study, to review anticancer properties and the miscellaneous mechanisms underlying the antitumorigenicity in an in-depth study for broadening the I3C treating marvel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolah Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Darekordi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Hajizadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Arora M, Baldi A, Kapila N, Bhandari S, Jeet K. Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Colon Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Future Approaches. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394714666180724122042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common and most diagnosed types of cancer. It is a
major cause of increased rate of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Currently, the focus has
been shifted towards natural remedies for the treatment of colon cancer. These new methods of
treatment include prebiotics and probiotics, as they offer great potential for alleviating symptoms
of cancer. These are more promising and have lesser side effects than existing medications. Probiotics
are living organisms which confer health benefits when ingested into adequate amounts.
Prebiotics are non-digestible ingredients which promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, which
produce metabolites for stimulation of apoptosis of colonic cancer cell lines. Apart from it,
prebiotics are helpful to modify the activity of enzymes to be produced by beneficial bacteria as
well as for inhibition of several bacteria able to produce carcinogenic enzymes. This review has
been collated to present tremendous benefits and future potential of pro- and prebiotics in the
treatment of colon cancer and to overview the mechanisms of probiotic actions along with their
impact on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Arora
- Multi Disciplinary Research Unit, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Baldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Nitesh Kapila
- Department of Quality Assurance, Faculty of Pharmacy, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Saurav Bhandari
- Department of Quality Assurance, Faculty of Pharmacy, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Kamal Jeet
- IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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Compared to Pre-prepared Meals, Fully and Partly Home-Cooked Meals in Diverse Families with Young Children Are More Likely to Include Nutritious Ingredients. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:818-830. [PMID: 30765316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in initiatives that promote home cooking has been increasing, but no studies have examined whether home cooking is associated with dietary quality using longitudinal data on meals served in a diverse sample of families. OBJECTIVE The present study examined data on multiple meals per family in diverse households to determine whether home-cooked meals are more likely to contain nutritious ingredients than pre-prepared meals. DESIGN Data for the study came from the National Institutes of Health-funded Family Matters Study. As part of this study, between 2015 and 2016, 150 families provided ecological momentary assessment data on 3,935 meals over an 8-day observation window. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING In this study, investigators followed 150 families with children aged 5 to 7 years old from six racial/ethnic groups (n=25 each non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Native American, Hmong, and Somali families). Recruitment occurred through primary care clinics serving low-income populations in Minnesota. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcomes were participants' self-reports of whether they served fruits, vegetables, and whole grains at a meal, and reports were made within hours of the meal. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Within-group estimator methods were used to estimate the associations between meal preparation and types of food served. These models held constant time-invariant characteristics of families and adjusted for whether the meal was breakfast, lunch, dinner, or a snack and whether it was a weekend meal. RESULTS For all racial/ethnic and poverty status groups, meals that were fully or partly home-cooked were more likely to contain fruits and vegetables than pre-prepared meals (P<0.001). Meals that were partly home-cooked were the most likely to contain whole grains (P<0.001). Restaurant meals were more likely to contain vegetables than pre-prepared meals (P<0.001) but were equally likely to contain fruits and/or whole grains as pre-prepared meals. CONCLUSIONS Interventions or initiatives that encourage fully or partly home-cooked meals may help families incorporate nutritious foods into their diets. In addition, evaluations of potential strategies to increase the likelihood of supplementing pre-prepared and restaurant meals with nutritious meal ingredients warrants further investigation.
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Cow milk enriched with nanoencapsulated phenolic extract of jaboticaba ( Plinia peruviana). Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:1165-1173. [PMID: 30956296 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity (AA) of cow's milk enriched with phenolic compounds extracted from jaboticaba peel, either by adding jaboticaba crude extract or a jaboticaba-loaded nanoemulsion. Three nanoemulsions with 5, 10 and 15% of jaboticaba extract were prepared. Average particle diameter (166.7-181.7 nm), polydispersity index (0.138-0.156) and zeta potential (ranging from - 35.30 to - 38.60 mV) were measured for the three different colloidal systems. The nanoemulsion with 15% of jaboticaba extract (J15-NE) was chosen for milk enrichment. J15-NE showed an encapsulation efficiency of 85.6% and remained stable for 60 days at 8 °C. Transmission electron microscopy of J15-NE displayed nanoparticles with a well-defined spherical shape. Reference milk, milk enriched with jaboticaba extract and milk enriched with J15-NE were characterised by a TPC of 93, 171 and 161 µg/ml GAE (gallic acid equivalent), respectively, and an AA of 0.04, 0.17 and 0.14 µg/ml TEAC (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity), respectively. Thus, this study showed that nanoemulsion with jaboticaba peel extract could be exploited as an ingredient to enrich the properties of milk.
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Xiao Y, Xia J, Li L, Ke Y, Cheng J, Xie Y, Chu W, Cheung P, Kim JH, Colditz GA, Tamimi RM, Su X. Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:16. [PMID: 30696460 PMCID: PMC6352362 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence suggests that certain dietary patterns were associated with breast cancer risk, but the results have been inconclusive. We assessed the associations between different dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases through September 2017. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing the highest and lowest categories of Western and prudent dietary patterns were combined by using the random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS We identified 32 eligible articles including 14 cohort and 18 case-control studies (34 Western and 35 prudent studies). The pooled analyses found that a Western dietary pattern was associated with a 14% increased risk (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02, 1.28), whereas a prudent dietary pattern was associated with an 18% reduced risk of breast cancer (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75, 0.89). In addition, sub-group analyses showed that the positive association between a Western dietary pattern and breast cancer risk was significant among postmenopausal (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06, 1.35), but not premenopausal women (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.99, 1.40), and significant for hormone receptor-positive tumors (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.33), but not receptor-negative tumors (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.83, 1.12). In contrast, the inverse association between a prudent dietary pattern and breast cancer was significant in premenopausal (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61, 0.98), but not postmenopausal women (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74, 1.03), and significant for both hormone receptor-positive and receptor-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current meta-analysis suggest a possible increased risk of breast cancer associated with a Western dietary pattern and a reduced risk with a prudent dietary pattern. Large-scale cohort studies with a high quality need to be conducted to further confirm the findings of the current meta-analysis. As dietary patterns are modifiable, these findings may provide viable strategies for breast cancer prevention through changes in dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Xiao
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Li
- MPH Education Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaojie Xie
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie Chu
- Department of Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Polly Cheung
- Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jean Hee Kim
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xuefen Su
- MPH Education Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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Abstract
Objective: Oral cancer presents as a devastating type of malignancy. It is predominant in populations with high use of alcohol and various forms of tobacco as well as poor diets with low intake of fruits and vegetables. The present study focused on the potential of Garcinone E to inhibit HSC-4 oral cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Methods: MTT and colony forming assays were performed to study antiproliferative effects of Garcinone E. Hoechst staining was used to determine levels of apoptosis, with cell invasion and scratch assays conducted for migration and invasion characteristics. The levels of MMPs and cytokines were quantified in Garcinone E treated cells by ELISA. Results: Garcinone E inhibited the proliferation and colony forming potential of HSC-4 cells. It also suppressed migration and invasion with inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Moreover, it elevated IL-2 and reduced IL-6 expression in HSC-4 cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate for the first time that Garcinone E might inhibit metastasis of an oral cancer cell line by blocking invasion, migration and MMP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja K
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College, Thiruvanananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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108
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Feeding red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) to beef heifers fed a high-grain diet affected feed intake and total tract digestibility. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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109
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Hossain A, Hossain A, Mannan S. Evaluation of antioxidant and analgesic activities of three medicinal plants. Pharmacognosy Res 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_164_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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110
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The use of natural media amendments to produce kale enhanced with functional lipids in controlled environment production system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14771. [PMID: 30282974 PMCID: PMC6170470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets high in vegetable consumption is highly correlated with reduced risk of developing common lifestyle related diseases. We investigated the effects of three natural growth media amendments [potassium humate, dry vermicast, volcanic minerals or Promix alone (Control)] in enhancing the accumulation of functional lipids in greenhouse grown kale. Functional lipids (n9, n6, n3 fatty acids, diglycerides, galactolipids and phytosterols) were assessed using either gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS). The results showed volcanic minerals and dry vermicast were the most successful in enhancing the accumulation of functional lipids in kale. For example, dry vermicast enhanced the accumulation of total C18:1n9 and C16:3n3 fatty acids, while total C18:2n6 fatty acid accumulation was enhanced by volcanic minerals. In conclusion, natural growing medium amendments are remarkably effective in modulating the accumulation of functional lipids in kale grown under controlled-environment conditions. This could be a useful strategy for functional foods production in control environment production systems. Increase access to kale with enhanced functional lipids could aid in increase consumption of these health promotive compounds in the diet with potential implications in population health.
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FOOD HABITS AND CANCER PREVENTION. Nutrition 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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112
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Sharma S, Sharma S, Vig AP. Antigenotoxic potential of plant leaf extracts of Parkinsonia aculeata L. using Allium cepa assay. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:314-323. [PMID: 30036860 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antigenotoxic potential of P. aculeata L. leaf extract/fractions against maleic hydrazide (MH) using Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. The excessive reduction in root growth and mitotic index value was observed after 3 h treatment of MH as compared to negative control (water). In case of MH treatment, frequency of aberrated cells significantly (p ≤ 0.05) raised from 129 to 337 at 0.1 ppm and 2.0 ppm concentrations respectively. From root growth inhibition test with MH treatment, EC50 value i.e. 0.5 ppm was selected to study the antigenotoxic effect of different extract/fractions of P. aculeata L. leaves. All the extract/fractions showed increase in mitotic index and great reduction in chromosomal aberrations with rise in concentration against the genotoxicity of MH. Among all the extract/fractions, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions showed significant reduction in chromosomal aberrations in A. cepa cells and indicates the chemo preventive activity. Antigenotoxic property of this plant is due to the presence of various phytochemicals in leaf such as epi-orientin, Parkinsonin-A, Parkinsonin-B, orientin, iso-orientin, vitexin, iso-vitexin, C-glycosylflavone, parkintin, rotenoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides and anthraquinone etc. Our result showed that among all the treatments, simultaneous treatment showed best result followed by pre and post treatment. Further studies in animal model are suggested for further evaluation of the use of P. aculeata leaf extract in human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Sushant Sharma
- University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There are two major challenges for HCC, the first being that early detection is generally not applicable, and secondly, it is usually fatal within several months after diagnosis. HCC is an inflammation-induced cancer. It is known that chronic inflammation leads to oxidative/nitrosative stress and lipid peroxidation, generating excess oxidative stress, together with aldehydes which can react with DNA bases to form promutagenic DNA adducts. In this review, the evidence between oxidative stress and liver carcinogenesis is summarized. We focused on the potential of using DNA adducts as oxidative stress biomarkers for liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fung-Lung Chung
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Qin L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, He H, Han M, Li Y, Zeng M, Wang X. Recent advances in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) for in situ analysis of endogenous molecules in plants. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:351-364. [PMID: 29667236 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) as a label-free and powerful imaging technique enables in situ evaluation of a tissue metabolome and/or proteome, becoming increasingly popular in the detection of plant endogenous molecules. OBJECTIVE The characterisation of structure and spatial information of endogenous molecules in plants are both very important aspects to better understand the physiological mechanism of plant organism. METHODS Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a commonly-used tissue imaging technique, which requires matrix to assist in situ detection of a variety of molecules on the surface of a tissue section. In previous studies, MALDI-MSI was mostly used for the detection of molecules from animal tissue sections, compared to plant samples due to cell structural limitations, such as plant cuticles, epicuticular waxes, and cell walls. Despite the enormous progress that has been made in tissue imaging, there is still a challenge for MALDI-MSI suitable for the imaging of endogenous compounds in plants. RESULTS This review summarises the recent advances in MALDI-MSI, focusing on the application of in situ detection of endogenous molecules in different plant organs, i.e. root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed. CONCLUSION Further improvements on instrumentation sensitivity, matrix selection, image processing and sample preparation will expand the application of MALDI-MSI in plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qin
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huixin He
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Manman Han
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- The Hospital of Minzu University of China, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, P. R. China
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115
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Bakke AJ, Stubbs CA, McDowell EH, Moding KJ, Johnson SL, Hayes JE. Mary Poppins was right: Adding small amounts of sugar or salt reduces the bitterness of vegetables. Appetite 2018; 126:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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116
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Zhang Z, Bergan R, Shannon J, Slatore CG, Bobe G, Takata Y. The Role of Cruciferous Vegetables and Isothiocyanates for Lung Cancer Prevention: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Research Directions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700936. [PMID: 29663679 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although smoking and air pollution exposure are primary risk factors of lung cancer, diet has also been reported to contribute to lung cancer risk. Cruciferous vegetables contain many bioactive compounds that alter the detoxification process of air-borne carcinogenic compounds and, thereby, may decrease lung cancer risk. In the meta-analysis of 31 observational studies, cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely associated with lung cancer risk (summary odds ratio/relative risk = 0.81 and 95% confidence interval = 0.74-0.89 for comparing the highest with lowest intake categories). More observational studies need to measure urinary isothiocyanate (ITC) concentrations and investigate their association with lung cancer risk in populations with relatively high intake of cruciferous vegetables. Current evidence is limited to two phase 2 clinical trials with incomplete reporting. Hence, more short-term clinical phase 2 trials need to examine effects of various amounts and types of cruciferous vegetables on biomarkers of risk and efficacy before a large phase 3 trial can be conducted to assess effects upon lung cancer risk. This would help further elucidate whether the inverse association observed with self-reported cruciferous vegetable intake is indeed due to ITC content or other bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Christopher G Slatore
- Health Services Research & Development and Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Medicine and Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Yumie Takata
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, School of Biological and Population Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Tea and coffee time with bacteria – Investigation of uptake of key coffee and tea phenolics by wild type E. coli. Food Res Int 2018; 108:584-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bondonno CP, Blekkenhorst LC, Liu AH, Bondonno NP, Ward NC, Croft KD, Hodgson JM. Vegetable-derived bioactive nitrate and cardiovascular health. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 61:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kyriakou E, Kostagianni AD, Kellici TF, Giannopoulou E, Siatis KE, Sayyad N, Kalofonos HP, Mavromoustakos T, Stamatis H, Tzakos AG. Three Regioselectively Acylated Flavonoid Aglycone Derivatives in Equimolar Yield at One Blow. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kyriakou
- Institute of Structural BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum München 85764 Neuherberg Germany
| | | | - Tahsin F. Kellici
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Ioannina Ioannina 45110 Greece
- Department of ChemistryNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou Greece
| | | | | | - Nisar Sayyad
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Ioannina Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | | | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of ChemistryNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Department of Biological Applications and TechnologiesUniversity of Ioannina Ioannina 45110 Greece
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Tahata S, Singh SV, Lin Y, Hahm ER, Beumer JH, Christner SM, Rao UN, Sander C, Tarhini AA, Tawbi H, Ferris LK, Wilson M, Rose A, Dietz CM, Hughes E, Fahey JW, Leachman SA, Cassidy PB, Butterfield LH, Zarour HM, Kirkwood JM. Evaluation of Biodistribution of Sulforaphane after Administration of Oral Broccoli Sprout Extract in Melanoma Patients with Multiple Atypical Nevi. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:429-438. [PMID: 29691233 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli sprout extract containing sulforaphane (BSE-SFN) has been shown to inhibit ultraviolet radiation-induced damage and tumor progression in skin. This study evaluated the toxicity and potential effects of oral BSE-SFN at three dosages. Seventeen patients who each had at least 2 atypical nevi and a prior history of melanoma were randomly allocated to 50, 100, or 200 μmol oral BSE-SFN daily for 28 days. Atypical nevi were photographed on days 1 and 28, and plasma and nevus samples were taken on days 1, 2, and 28. Endpoints assessed were safety, plasma and skin sulforaphane levels, gross and histologic changes, IHC for phospho-STAT3(Y705), Ki-67, Bcl-2, HMOX1, and TUNEL, plasma cytokine levels, and tissue proteomics. All 17 patients completed 28 days with no dose-limiting toxicities. Plasma sulforaphane levels pooled for days 1, 2, and 28 showed median postadministration increases of 120 ng/mL for 50 μmol, 206 ng/mL for 100 μmol, and 655 ng/mL for 200 μmol. Median skin sulforaphane levels on day 28 were 0.0, 3.1, and 34.1 ng/g for 50, 100, and 200 μmol, respectively. Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines decreased from day 1 to 28. The tumor suppressor decorin was increased from day 1 to 28. Oral BSE-SFN is well tolerated at daily doses up to 200 μmol and achieves dose-dependent levels in plasma and skin. A larger efficacy evaluation of 200 μmol daily for longer intervals is now reasonable to better characterize clinical and biological effects of BSE-SFN as chemoprevention for melanoma. Cancer Prev Res; 11(7); 429-38. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Tahata
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Lin
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan H Beumer
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan M Christner
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Uma N Rao
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cindy Sander
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Hussein Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura K Ferris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa Wilson
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amy Rose
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ellen Hughes
- Computer Vision Group, Veytel, LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Pamela B Cassidy
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hassane M Zarour
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Kirkwood
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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121
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Semiz G, Semiz A, Mercan-Doğan N. Essential oil composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antibiofilm activities of four Origanum species from southeastern Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1440240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gürkan Semiz
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Biology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Aslı Semiz
- Vocational School of Health Services, Medical Laboratory Techniques, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nazime Mercan-Doğan
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Biology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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122
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Wang JW, Zhang CG, Deng QL, Chen WL, Wang X, Yu JM. The associations of comorbidities and consumption of fruit and vegetable with quality of life among stomach cancer survivors. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16:62. [PMID: 29650050 PMCID: PMC5898008 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-0886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomach cancer survivors (SCS) often carry the dual burden of the cancer itself and other comorbidities; meanwhile, they are highly motivated to seek health advice about lifestyles to improve their health and quality of life (QOL). The associations of the comorbidity and the consumption of vegetable and fruit with QOL remain even less clear among the SCS. This study aimed to investigate the associations of comorbidities and consumption of fruit and vegetable with QOL among SCS. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 969 SCS between April and July 2015 in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire, which included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities and fruit and vegetable consumption, and a simplified Chinese version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment quality of life version 3 (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire. In order to mitigate the bias caused by confounding factors, multiple linear regression models were employed to calculate the adjusted means of QOL scores. RESULTS The proportion of participants without any comorbidity was only 23.3%, and the most common comorbidity among SCS was digestive diseases (49.8%). Participants with comorbidity generally reported lower scores for global health and functioning subscales and higher scores for symptom in EORTC QLQ-C30 compared to participants without comorbidity, indicating poorer QOL. Higher scores in most functioning subscales and lower scores in some symptoms subscales were found in participants (38.7%) who ate more than 250 g vegetables every day, compared to participants with less vegetable consumption, and in participants (58.1%) who ate fruit every day, compared to participants who didn't eat fruit every day indicating better QOL. CONCLUSIONS The comorbidities are common health problems among SCS and have significantly negative influence on QOL, and participants with comorbidities generally reported lower QOL scores. The enough vegetables and fruit consumption are positively associated with QOL of SCS. These findings suggested that a multidisciplinary team approach and a variety of delivery systems are needed to address the medical, psychosocial, and lifestyle components for enriching patient-centered care among SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission and Key Lab of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhang
- Shanghai Xuhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Young-Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Qing-Long Deng
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission and Key Lab of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Wan-Li Chen
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission and Key Lab of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xian Wang
- Shanghai Xuhui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Young-Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Jin-Ming Yu
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of National Health Commission and Key Lab of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
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123
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Shafiei L, Taymoori P, Maleki A, Sayehmiri K. The effect of educational intervention based on an Ecological-social model on consuming fruit and vegetables in women in Ilam. Electron Physician 2018; 9:5954-5959. [PMID: 29560147 PMCID: PMC5843421 DOI: 10.19082/5954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of instructional models on the changing behavior of consuming fruit and vegetables in the prevention of diseases caused by consumption of foods including rice, contaminated with toxic metals, has not been investigated in Iran yet. Objective To compare an Ecological-social model (ECO) group and Control group in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods This research involved implementation of a six-month randomized controlled educational interventionist program into a group of Ecological-social framework along with a control group, totally summing up to 160 women between 18 and 50 years of age in Ilam, Iran in 2014. The questionnaire included knowledge, social support construct (immediate family, relatives, friends, colleagues and neighbors.) and fruit and vegetable intake in both groups before and after the intervention was examined. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using the signed ranks test, and repeated measures analysis of variance analysis, and confidence interval of 95% were employed. Results The results of the signed ranks test showed a significant increase in social support in the intervention group (p<0.001). This test showed a significant increase in fruit and vegetable consumption and a significant increase in the number of women using healthy rice (p<0.001), and a significant reduction in the number of women consuming unhealthy rice in the intervention group (p<0.001), that determines dietary intake improvement after the intervention compared with before the intervention (p<0.01). However, this improvement was not observed in the control group. Conclusions The results showed that ECO plays an effective role in improving fruit and vegetable consumption in women. Therefore, this model was implemented as a health protocol through health-care centers to conduct the prevention of complications resulting from the use of food contaminated with toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Shafiei
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Taymoori
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Afshin Maleki
- Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kourosh Sayehmiri
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Biostatistics department, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Gillman AS, Gardiner CK, Koljack CE, Bryan AD. Body mass index, diet, and exercise: testing possible linkages to breast cancer risk via DNA methylation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 168:241-248. [PMID: 29127590 PMCID: PMC5823732 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine DNA methylation as a mechanism linking diet, physical activity, weight status, and breast cancer risk. METHODS Insufficiently active women of varying weight status, without a history of cancer, completed a maximal exercise test, clinical measurement of height and weight, and a dietary intake measure. They also provided blood samples, which were analyzed to ascertain average methylation of candidate genes related to breast cancer (BRCA1, RUNX3, GALNT9, and PAX6) and inflammation (TLR4 and TLR6). RESULTS Elevated weight status (r = - .18, p < .05) and poorer aerobic fitness (r = .24, p < .01) were each associated with decreased methylation of inflammation genes. Methylation of inflammation genes statistically mediated the relationship between weight status and cancer gene methylation (standardized indirect effect = .12, p < .05) as well as between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer gene methylation (standardized indirect effect = - .172, p < .01). However, recent dietary behavior was not associated with methylation of either inflammation or cancer genes. CONCLUSIONS Both weight status and cardiovascular fitness are associated with methylation of genes associated with both inflammation and cancer. Methylation of inflammatory genes might serve as a mechanistic link between lifestyle factors and methylation changes in genes that increase risk for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle S Gillman
- Department of Psychology& Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA.
| | - Casey K Gardiner
- Department of Psychology& Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA
| | - Claire E Koljack
- Department of Psychology& Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA
| | - Angela D Bryan
- Department of Psychology& Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA
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Brown EC, Buchan DS, Drignei D, Wyatt FB, Kilgore L, Cavana J, Baker JS. Primary School Children's Health Behaviors, Attitudes, and Body Mass Index After a 10-Week Lifestyle Intervention With Follow-Up. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:137. [PMID: 29868527 PMCID: PMC5954212 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the current global child obesity epidemic, testing the effectiveness of interventions in reducing obesity and its influencers is paramount. The purpose of this study was to determine immediate and long-term changes in body mass index and psychosocial variables following a 10-week lifestyle intervention. Methods: Seven hundred and seventy participants (8.75 ± 0.98 years of age, 379 boys and 391 girls) took part in the study. Participants had height, weight, and psychosocial questionnaires assessed at pre- and post-control, pre- and post-intervention, and 6-months post-intervention. Participants completed a weekly 10-week intervention consisting of healthy eating and physical activity education, physical activity, parental involvement, and behavior change techniques. Regression models were fit with correlated errors where the correlation occurred only between time points, not between subjects, and the nesting effects of school and area deprivation were controlled. Results: Regression models revealed a significant decrease in body mass index from pre- to post-intervention of 0.8512 kg/m2 (P = 0.0182). No Changes in body mass index occurred from post-intervention to 6-month follow-up (P = 0.5446). The psychosocial variables did not significantly change. Conclusions: This lifestyle intervention may be an effective means for improving body mass index in primary school children in the short-term if the duration of the intervention is increased, but these changes may not be sustained without on-going support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C Brown
- Department of Public and Environmental Wellness, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Duncan S Buchan
- Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, United Kingdom
| | - Dorin Drignei
- Mathematics-Statistics Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Frank B Wyatt
- Department of Exercise Physiology & Athletic Training, Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, TX, United States
| | | | - Jonathan Cavana
- Health Improvement Department, National Health Service Lanarkshire, Carluke, United Kingdom
| | - Julien S Baker
- Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, United Kingdom
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126
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Elisia I, Pae HB, Lam V, Cederberg R, Hofs E, Krystal G. Comparison of RAW264.7, human whole blood and PBMC assays to screen for immunomodulators. J Immunol Methods 2018; 452:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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127
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Krzyminiewski R, Mrozińska G, Dobosz B. The impact of Fruit-Vegetable Diet on High Signal Resolution Pulse Wave (HSR-PW) Parameters. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:420-424. [PMID: 29484356 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The diet and lifestyle affect our life. Inadequate nutrition can cause various diseases including cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to show the correlations between the fruit and vegetable diet and high signal resolution pulse wave parameters. DESIGN This was an observational study. SETTINGS The study was done during two-weeks rehabilitation treatment. PARTICIPANTS In this study 154 people using the fruit and vegetable diet have been examined. MEASUREMENTS The participants were monitored using a new diagnostic method high signal resolution pulseoximetry (HSR-PW). They were examined two times: before starting the diet and after two weeks of using it. The high signal resolution pulse wave and its characteristic parameters have been compared. RESULTS Analyzing the research results at the beginning and after two weeks of using this diet, the improvement of selected parameters has been noticed. With the improvement in the pulse wave was observed weight loss, improved blood counts (e.g. cholesterol, triglycerides) as well as decreased blood pressure particularly in people with treated hypertension. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that applied fruit and vegetable diet influenced favorably the people using it and contributed to the improvement of the HSR-PW parameters which are the source of information about the state of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Krzyminiewski
- Bernadeta Dobosz, PhD, Medical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland,
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Salem AA, Mackenzie GG. Pancreatic cancer: A critical review of dietary risk. Nutr Res 2017; 52:1-13. [PMID: 29764623 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease. It is estimated that about 90% of pancreatic cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors. Among these, approximately 50% of pancreatic cancer cases may be attributed to diet, which is largely modifiable. Given this large attribution to diet, there have been numerous epidemiological studies assessing the risk of various dietary factors on the incidence of pancreatic cancer. However, many of these studies present conflicting and/or inconclusive findings. The objective of this review is two-fold: (a) to summarize the current evidence on the association between various dietary factors and the risk of developing pancreatic cancer and (b) to discuss what additional studies are needed to better elucidate the role of diet as a potential risk factor for pancreatic cancer. We summarized the evidence by using data primarily from meta-analyses and pooled analysis when available, focusing on the most studied nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns. We observed that, while the association between individual nutrients and pancreatic cancer risk have been heavily studied, the evidence is mostly conflicting and inconclusive. In contrast, the evidence of certain associations among dietary patterns and pancreatic cancer risk is clearer, has more power, and is less conflicting. Therefore, we propose a shift in the focus of nutritional epidemiological research with regards to pancreatic cancer risk. We discourage further epidemiological research studies that focus on single nutrients, whereas we strongly encourage additional studies that investigate how a combination of diet and other lifestyle factors may promote or prevent pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Salem
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Gerardo G Mackenzie
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616.
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129
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Anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic effects of partially purified lectin from Praecitrullus fistulosus fruit on in vitro and in vivo model. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1299-1309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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130
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Li N, Petrick JL, Steck SE, Bradshaw PT, McClain KM, Niehoff NM, Engel LS, Shaheen NJ, Risch HA, Vaughan TL, Wu AH, Gammon MD. A pooled analysis of dietary sugar/carbohydrate intake and esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma incidence and survival in the USA. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1836-1846. [PMID: 29040685 PMCID: PMC5837717 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the past 40 years, esophageal/gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (EA/GCA) incidence increased in Westernized countries, but survival remained low. A parallel increase in sugar intake, which may facilitate carcinogenesis by promoting hyperglycaemia, led us to examine sugar/carbohydrate intake in association with EA/GCA incidence and survival. Methods We pooled 500 EA cases, 529 GCA cases and 2027 controls from two US population-based case-control studies with cases followed for vital status. Dietary intake, assessed by study-specific food frequency questionnaires, was harmonized and pooled to estimate 12 measures of sugar/carbohydrate intake. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] were calculated using multinomial logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression, respectively. Results EA incidence was increased by 51-58% in association with sucrose (ORQ5vs.Q1 = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.01-2.27), sweetened desserts/beverages (ORQ5vs.Q1 = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.06-2.27) and the dietary glycaemic index (ORQ5vs.Q1 = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.13-2.21). Body mass index (BMI) and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) modified these associations (Pmultiplicative-interaction ≤ 0.05). For associations with sucrose and sweetened desserts/beverages, respectively, the OR was elevated for BMI < 25 (ORQ4-5vs.Q1-3 = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.26-2.56 and ORQ4-5vs.Q1-3 = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.03-2.06), but not BMI ≥ 25 (ORQ4-5vs.Q1-3 = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.76-1.44 and ORQ4-5vs.Q1-3 = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.62-1.16). The EA-glycaemic index association was elevated for BMI ≥ 25 (ORQ4-5vs.Q1-3 = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.03-1.85), but not BMI < 25 (ORQ4-5vs.Q1-3 = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.62-1.24). The sucrose-EA association OR for GERD < weekly was 1.58 (95% CI = 1.16-2.14), but for GERD ≥ weekly was 1.01 (95% CI = 0.70-1.47). Sugar/carbohydrate measures were not associated with GCA incidence or EA/GCA survival. Conclusions If confirmed, limiting intake of sucrose (e.g. table sugar), sweetened desserts/beverages, and foods that contribute to a high glycaemic index, may be plausible EA risk reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica L Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Patrick T Bradshaw
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M McClain
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicole M Niehoff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Newhaven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA and
| | - Anna H Wu
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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131
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Oghumu S, Casto BC, Ahn-Jarvis J, Weghorst LC, Maloney J, Geuy P, Horvath KZ, Bollinger CE, Warner BM, Summersgill KF, Weghorst CM, Knobloch TJ. Inhibition of Pro-inflammatory and Anti-apoptotic Biomarkers during Experimental Oral Cancer Chemoprevention by Dietary Black Raspberries. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1325. [PMID: 29109723 PMCID: PMC5660285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer continues to be a significant public health problem worldwide. Recently conducted clinical trials demonstrate the ability of black raspberries (BRBs) to modulate biomarkers of molecular efficacy that supports a chemopreventive strategy against oral cancer. However, it is essential that a preclinical animal model of black raspberry (BRB) chemoprevention which recapitulates human oral carcinogenesis be developed, so that we can validate biomarkers and evaluate potential mechanisms of action. We therefore established the ability of BRBs to inhibit oral lesion formation in a carcinogen-induced rat oral cancer model and examined potential mechanisms. F344 rats were administered 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) (20 µg/ml) in drinking water for 14 weeks followed by regular drinking water for 6 weeks. At week 14, rats were fed a diet containing either 5 or 10% BRB, or 0.4% ellagic acid (EA), a BRB phytochemical. Dietary administration of 5 and 10% BRB reduced oral lesion incidence and multiplicity by 39.3 and 28.6%, respectively. Histopathological analyses demonstrate the ability of BRBs and, to a lesser extent EA, to inhibit the progression of oral cancer. Oral lesion inhibition by BRBs was associated with a reduction in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers Cxcl1, Mif, and Nfe2l2 as well as the anti-apoptotic and cell cycle associated markers Birc5, Aurka, Ccna1, and Ccna2. Cellular proliferation (Ki-67 staining) in tongue lesions was inhibited by BRBs and EA. Our study demonstrates that, in the rat 4NQO oral cancer model, dietary administration of BRBs inhibits oral carcinogenesis via inhibition of pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Oghumu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bruce C Casto
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Ahn-Jarvis
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Logan C Weghorst
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jim Maloney
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Paul Geuy
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kyle Z Horvath
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Claire E Bollinger
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Blake M Warner
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kurt F Summersgill
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christopher M Weghorst
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Thomas J Knobloch
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, United States
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132
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Omotola MB, Adeosun IO, Obuotor EM, Akomolafe RO, Ayannuga OA. Assessment of the Effects of Graded Doses of Polyphenolic-Rich Fraction of Garcinia kola Seeds on Pituitary-Testicular Axis of Male Wistar Rats. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325817729260. [PMID: 29051716 PMCID: PMC5639973 DOI: 10.1177/1559325817729260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the ameliorative and prophylactic effects of 2 different doses of polyphenolic-rich fraction of Garcinia kola (PPRFGk) seeds on the histology and hormones of pituitary–testicular axis of male Wistar rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were divided into 7 groups of 5 rats each. Groups I and II were given distilled water (0.5 mL/day) for 8 days followed by propylene glycol (0.2 mL/d) and 600 mg/kg of PPRFGk, respectively, for 21 days. Group III received sodium arsenate (8 days), left untreated for 21 days. Groups IV and V received sodium arsenate (20 mg/kg) for 8 days followed by PPRFGk (300 and 600 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days. Groups VI and VII received PPRFGk (300 and 600 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days followed by sodium arsenate (20 mg/kg) for 8 days. Rats were killed by cervical dislocation 24 hours after the last dose and their blood collected through cardiac puncture. Blood sera were assayed for the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone using immunoassay techniques. Histology of the pituitary gland and testes was carried out. A significant reduction was observed in the concentration of FSH in groups IV, V, VI, and VII in comparison with groups I and II. The concentrations of both LH and testosterone showed significant decreases in groups IV, V, VI, and VII in comparison with group I. Group III presented with the lowest serum hormonal concentrations. Photomicrographs of the pituitary gland revealed greatly reduced basophils in group III and mildly reduced basophils in groups IV, VI, and VII in comparison with groups I and II. Group V revealed hypercellularized and distorted basophils. Photomicrographs of the testes showed detachment of the seminiferous tubules from the basement membrane and disruption of the interstitial space which was worse in group III, moderate in groups V and VI, and mild in group VII. In conclusion, PPRFGk effected a dose-dependent reversal and prevention of the perturbations caused by arsenate in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Efere M Obuotor
- Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga A Ayannuga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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133
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Li N, Petrick JL, Steck SE, Bradshaw PT, McClain KM, Niehoff NM, Engel LS, Shaheen NJ, Corley DA, Vaughan TL, Gammon MD. Dietary sugar/starches intake and Barrett's esophagus: a pooled analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 32:1007-1017. [PMID: 28864851 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the key precursor lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a lethal cancer that has increased rapidly in westernized countries over the past four decades. Dietary sugar intake has also been increasing over time, and may be associated with these tumors by promoting hyperinsulinemia. The study goal was to examine multiple measures of sugar/starches intake in association with BE. This pooled analysis included 472 BE cases and 492 controls from two similarly conducted case-control studies in the United States. Dietary intake data, collected by study-specific food frequency questionnaires, were harmonized across studies by linking with the University of Minnesota Nutrient Database, and pooled based on study-specific quartiles. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for age, sex, race, total energy intake, study indicator, body mass index, frequency of gastro-esophageal reflux, and fruit/vegetable intake. In both studies, intake of sucrose (cases vs. controls, g/day: 36.07 vs. 33.51; 36.80 vs. 35.06, respectively) and added sugar (46.15 vs. 41.01; 44.18 vs. 40.68, respectively) were higher in cases than controls. BE risk was increased 79% and 71%, respectively, for associations comparing the fourth to the first quartile of intake of sucrose (ORQ4vs.Q1 = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.07-3.02, P trend = 0.01) and added sugar (ORQ4vs.Q1 = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.05-2.80, P trend = 0.15). Intake of sweetened desserts/beverages was associated with 71% increase in BE risk (ORQ4vs.Q1 = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.07-2.73, P trend = 0.04). Limiting dietary intake of foods and beverages that are high in added sugar, especially refined table sugar, may reduce the risk of developing BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Jessica Leigh Petrick
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Susan Elizabeth Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Michele McClain
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Nicole Michelle Niehoff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Lawrence Stuart Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Nicholas James Shaheen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Douglas Allen Corley
- Division of Research and San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Marilie Denise Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
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134
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Sturm C, Wagner AE. Brassica-Derived Plant Bioactives as Modulators of Chemopreventive and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1890. [PMID: 28862664 PMCID: PMC5618539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A high consumption of vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family has been related to a lower incidence of chronic diseases including different kinds of cancer. These beneficial effects of, e.g., broccoli, cabbage or rocket (arugula) intake have been mainly dedicated to the sulfur-containing glucosinolates (GLSs)-secondary plant compounds nearly exclusively present in Brassicaceae-and in particular to their bioactive breakdown products including isothiocyanates (ITCs). Overall, the current literature indicate that selected Brassica-derived ITCs exhibit health-promoting effects in vitro, as well as in laboratory mice in vivo. Some studies suggest anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for ITCs which may be communicated through an activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) that controls the expression of antioxidant and phase II enzymes. Furthermore, it has been shown that ITCs are able to significantly ameliorate a severe inflammatory phenotype in colitic mice in vivo. As there are studies available suggesting an epigenetic mode of action for Brassica-derived phytochemicals, the conduction of further studies would be recommendable to investigate if the beneficial effects of these compounds also persist during an irregular consumption pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sturm
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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135
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Capuano E, Oliviero T, van Boekel MA. Modeling food matrix effects on chemical reactivity: Challenges and perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2814-2828. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1342595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Capuano
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa Oliviero
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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136
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Bernales-Korins M, Ang IYH, Khan S, Geliebter A. Psychosocial Influences on Fruit and Vegetable Intake Following a NYC Supermarket Discount. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1321-1328. [PMID: 28590084 PMCID: PMC5731775 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a 50% discount on fruits and vegetables (F&V) on the purchase and intake of F&V and on psychosocial determinants of F&V intake: self-efficacy (SE), stages of change (SOC), and perceived barriers (PB). METHODS This randomized controlled trial was conducted in local supermarkets over 16 weeks, including a 4-week baseline, 8-week discount intervention, and 4-week follow-up. Shoppers with overweight or obesity (BMI > 25) were randomized to receive a discount or no discount via their reward scan card after the baseline. Twenty-four-hour recalls and psychosocial measures were obtained for each study period. RESULTS Purchases (P < 0.0005) and intakes (P = 0.019) of F&V increased significantly during the intervention, while only F&V intake was sustained at follow-up. The discount intervention increased SE (P < 0.01) and SOC (P < 0.05) and did not decrease PB (P = 0.057) during the intervention. SOC mediated the discount intervention effect on F&V intake (P < 0.05) during the intervention, explaining 43% of variance. CONCLUSIONS A supermarket discount intervention led to increases in purchases and intakes of F&V and increases in the psychosocial factors SE and SOC and did not decrease PB. The discount intervention prompted participants to move from the preparation to action stage of SOC, which acted as a mediator for increased F&V intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bernales-Korins
- Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ian Yi Han Ang
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shamima Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allan Geliebter
- Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, Touro College and University System, New York, New York, USA
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137
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Stanoeva JP, Stefova M, Andonovska KB, Vankova A, Stafilov T. Phenolics and mineral content in bilberry and bog bilberry from Macedonia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1315592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Petreska Stanoeva
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Marina Stefova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Katerina Baceva Andonovska
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ana Vankova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Trajce Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
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138
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Adults and Children in Low-Income Households that Participate in Cost-Offset Community Supported Agriculture Have High Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070726. [PMID: 28698460 PMCID: PMC5537840 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examines fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) in low-income households that participated in a cost-offset (CO), or 50% subsidized, community-supported agriculture (CSA) program. CSA customers paid farms upfront for a share of the harvest, and received produce weekly throughout the growing season. A cohort of adults and children 2–12 y in a summer CO-CSA were surveyed online twice: August 2015 (n = 41) and February 2016 (n = 23). FVI was measured by the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Fruit and Vegetable Screener (FVS) and an inventory of locally grown fruits and vegetables. FVI relative to United States (US) recommendations and averages, and across seasons, were tested with non-parametric tests and paired t-tests (p < 0.05). Both adults and children in the CO-CSA had higher FVI than the US averages, and more often met recommendations for vegetables. Some summer fruits and vegetables were more often eaten when locally in-season. The CO-CSA model warrants further examination as an avenue for improving vegetable consumption among adults and children in low-income households. However, causality between CO-CSA participation and FVI cannot be inferred, as CO-CSA participants may be positive deviants with respect to FVI. A multi-state randomized controlled trial is currently underway to evaluate impacts of CO-CSAs on FVI and related outcomes.
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139
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine intakes and variety of fruit and vegetables consumed by Australian young adults, also assessing differences by meal occasion and sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN Secondary analysis of cross-sectional 24 h recall data collected through the 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Crude means and proportions consuming fruits and vegetables were calculated. Pearson χ 2 tests, Kruskal-Wallis analyses and linear regression models were used to assess differences in mean intakes by age, BMI and sociodemographic variables. The variety eaten was determined based on the number of fruit and vegetable subgroups consumed. SETTING Representative sample of metropolitan and rural areas across Australia. SUBJECTS Respondents aged 18-34 years were included (n 2397). RESULTS Mean daily intake of fruit (128 g/0·9 servings) and vegetables (205 g/2·7 servings) was lower than the minimum recommended intake set at 2 and 5 servings, respectively. Age was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake (P=0·002, P<0·001), with 18-24-year-olds reporting the poorest vegetable variety compared with 25-29- and 30-34-year-olds (P=0·002). When controlling for total energy, males consumed less vegetables than females (P=0·002). A large proportion of the 15 % of respondents who consumed adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables on the day prior to the survey reported intake across all meal occasions (P<0·001). CONCLUSIONS Fruit and vegetable intake is suboptimal among Australian young adults. An age-appropriate campaign is recommended to target increased consumption, particularly for those aged 18-24 years, with opportunity to promote increased variety and consumption across the day.
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140
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McGee S, Mardirossian V, Elackattu A, Mirkovic J, Pistey R, Gallagher G, Kabani S, Yu CC, Wang Z, Badizadegan K, Grillone G, Feld MS. Anatomy-Based Algorithms for Detecting Oral Cancer Using Reflectance and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/000348940911801112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective We used reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy to noninvasively and quantitatively distinguish benign from dysplastic/malignant oral lesions. We designed diagnostic algorithms to account for differences in the spectral properties among anatomic sites (gingiva, buccal mucosa, etc). Methods In vivo reflectance and fluorescence spectra were collected from 71 patients with oral lesions. The tissue was then biopsied and the specimen evaluated by histopathology. Quantitative parameters related to tissue morphology and biochemistry were extracted from the spectra. Diagnostic algorithms specific for combinations of sites with similar spectral properties were developed. Results Discrimination of benign from dysplastic/malignant lesions was most successful when algorithms were designed for individual sites (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [ROC-AUC], 0.75 for the lateral surface of the tongue) and was least accurate when all sites were combined (ROC-AUC, 0.60). The combination of sites with similar spectral properties (floor of mouth and lateral surface of the tongue) yielded an ROC-AUC of 0.71. Conclusions Accurate spectroscopic detection of oral disease must account for spectral variations among anatomic sites. Anatomy-based algorithms for single sites or combinations of sites demonstrated good diagnostic performance in distinguishing benign lesions from dysplastic/malignant lesions and consistently performed better than algorithms developed for all sites combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha McGee
- G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Alphi Elackattu
- Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jelena Mirkovic
- G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Pistey
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George Gallagher
- Boston Medical Center, the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sadru Kabani
- Boston Medical Center, the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chung-Chieh Yu
- G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zimmern Wang
- Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kamran Badizadegan
- G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory Grillone
- Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S. Feld
- G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
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141
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Mourouti N, Panagiotakos DB, Kotteas EA, Syrigos KN. Optimizing diet and nutrition for cancer survivors: A review. Maturitas 2017; 105:33-36. [PMID: 28545906 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The number of cancer survivors is increasing and they are often highly motivated to search for information about nutrition and about physical activity in order to try to improve their treatment outcomes, quality of life and overall survival. In the light of these concerns, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) as well as the American Cancer Society recommend a largely plant-based diet with limited consumption of red and processed meat, and limited consumption of alcohol, as well as the maintenance of a healthy weight throughout life and regular engagement in physical activity. There is a need for well-designed large observational and intervention studies to shed more light on the association between diet and cancer survivorship, and to suggest additional means for the secondary prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Mourouti
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece; 3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Elias A Kotteas
- 3rd Department of Medicine, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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142
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Micellar Solution as Green Extractive Solvent for Determination of Content of Quercetin as Natural Antioxidant in Oil Samples. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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143
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Ravanfar SA, Orbovic V, Moradpour M, Abdul Aziz M, Karan R, Wallace S, Parajuli S. Improvement of tissue culture, genetic transformation, and applications of biotechnology to Brassica. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2017; 33:1-25. [PMID: 28460558 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2017.1309821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of in vitro plant regeneration method from Brassica explants via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis is influenced by many factors such as culture environment, culture medium composition, explant sources, and genotypes which are reviewed in this study. An efficient in vitro regeneration system to allow genetic transformation of Brassica is a crucial tool for improving its economical value. Methods to optimize transformation protocols for the efficient introduction of desirable traits, and a comparative analysis of these methods are also reviewed. Hence, binary vectors, selectable marker genes, minimum inhibitory concentration of selection agents, reporter marker genes, preculture media, Agrobacterium concentration and regeneration ability of putative transformants for improvement of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Brassica are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Ravanfar
- a Department of Agronomy , Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611-0300 , USA.,b Citrus Research and Education Center-University of Florida/IFAS , Lake Alfred , FL 33850 , USA.,d Laboratory of Plantation Crops , Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
| | - Vladimir Orbovic
- b Citrus Research and Education Center-University of Florida/IFAS , Lake Alfred , FL 33850 , USA
| | - Mahdi Moradpour
- d Laboratory of Plantation Crops , Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
| | - Maheran Abdul Aziz
- d Laboratory of Plantation Crops , Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang , Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
| | - Ratna Karan
- a Department of Agronomy , Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611-0300 , USA
| | - Simon Wallace
- c Department of Biology , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA 52242-1324 , USA
| | - Saroj Parajuli
- e Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Wimauma , FL 33598 , USA
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Mahendra J, Mahendra L, Svedha P, Cherukuri S, Romanos GE. Clinical and microbiological efficacy of 4% Garcinia mangostana
L. pericarp gel as local drug delivery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized, controlled clinical trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 8. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology; Meenakshi Ammal Dental College; Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research; Chennai India
| | - Little Mahendra
- Department of Periodontics; Annamalai University; Chidambaram India
| | - Priyadharshini Svedha
- Department of Periodontology; Meenakshi Ammal Dental College; Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research; Chennai India
| | - Sandhya Cherukuri
- Department of Periodontology; Meenakshi Ammal Dental College; Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research; Chennai India
| | - Georgios E. Romanos
- Department Of Periodontology; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York USA
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Meng J, Peng W, Shin SY, Chung M. Online Self-Tracking Groups to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A Small-Scale Study on Mechanisms of Group Effect on Behavior Change. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e63. [PMID: 28264793 PMCID: PMC5359417 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web-based interventions with a self-tracking component have been found to be effective in promoting adults' fruit and vegetable consumption. However, these interventions primarily focus on individual- rather than group-based self-tracking. The rise of social media technologies enables sharing and comparing self-tracking records in a group context. Therefore, we developed an online group-based self-tracking program to promote fruit and vegetable consumption. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine (1) the effectiveness of online group-based self-tracking on fruit and vegetable consumption and (2) characteristics of online self-tracking groups that make the group more effective in promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in early young adults. METHODS During a 4-week Web-based experiment, 111 college students self-tracked their fruit and vegetable consumption either individually (ie, the control group) or in an online group characterized by a 2 (demographic similarity: demographically similar vs demographically diverse) × 2 (social modeling: incremental change vs ideal change) experimental design. Each online group consisted of one focal participant and three confederates as group members or peers, who had their demographics and fruit and vegetable consumption manipulated to create the four intervention groups. Self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption were assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire at baseline and after the 4-week experiment. RESULTS Participants who self-tracked their fruit and vegetable consumption collectively with other group members consumed more fruits and vegetables than participants who self-tracked individually (P=.01). The results did not show significant main effects of demographic similarity (P=.32) or types of social modeling (P=.48) in making self-tracking groups more effective in promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. However, additional analyses revealed the main effect of performance discrepancy (ie, difference in fruit and vegetable consumption between a focal participant and his/her group members during the experiment), such that participants who had a low performance discrepancy from other group members had greater fruit and vegetable consumption than participants who had a high performance discrepancy from other group members (P=.002). A mediation test showed that low performance discrepancy led to greater downward contrast (b=-0.78, 95% CI -2.44 to -0.15), which in turn led to greater fruit and vegetable consumption. CONCLUSIONS Online self-tracking groups were more effective than self-tracking alone in promoting fruit and vegetable consumption for early young adults. Low performance discrepancy from other group members lead to downward contrast, which in turn increased participants' fruit and vegetable consumption over time. The study highlighted social comparison processes in online groups that allow for sharing personal health information. Lastly, given the small scale of this study, nonsignificant results with small effect sizes might be subject to bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Meng
- Michigan State University, Department of Communication, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Wei Peng
- Michigan State University, Department of Media and Information, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Soo Yun Shin
- Michigan State University, Department of Communication, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Minwoong Chung
- Michigan State University, Department of Communication, East Lansing, MI, United States
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146
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Shareck M, Rousseau MC, Koushik A, Siemiatycki J, Parent ME. Inverse Association between Dietary Intake of Selected Carotenoids and Vitamin C and Risk of Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:23. [PMID: 28293540 PMCID: PMC5328985 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While diets rich in fruit and vegetables appear to reduce lung cancer risk, the evidence for individual carotenoid and vitamin intakes has been judged too limited to reach firm conclusions. Data from a case-control study of lung cancer (Montreal, QC, Canada, 1996-2002) were used to investigate the role of dietary intakes of β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin C in lung cancer risk. In-person interviews elicited dietary information from 1,105 incident cases and 1,449 population controls. Usual frequency of consumption of 49 fruits and vegetables 2 years prior to diagnosis/interview was collected. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between intake variables and lung cancer were estimated using logistic or polytomous regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors including a detailed smoking history. ORs associated with upper versus lower tertiles of intake were 0.66 (95% CI = 0.51-0.84) for β-carotene, 0.70 (95% CI = 0.55-0.90) for α-carotene, 0.65 (95% CI = 0.51-0.84) for β-cryptoxanthin, 0.75 (95% CI = 0.59-0.95) for lycopene, and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.58-0.96) for vitamin C. ORs suggestive of a protective effect were found for elevated intakes of β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene in male heavy smokers and of vitamin C in female heavy smokers. Selected antioxidants were also associated with a lower risk of lung cancer in female moderate smokers, and of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. These results suggest that several dietary antioxidants found in common food sources may protect against lung cancer, even among heavy smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Shareck
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Rousseau
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anita Koushik
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Elise Parent
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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147
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Nicklas T, Lopez S, Liu Y, Saab R, Reiher R. Motivational theater to increase consumption of vegetable dishes by preschool children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:16. [PMID: 28166788 PMCID: PMC5294896 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background By 3 years of age, many children have developed a dislike for certain foods, particularly vegetables. Seventy-five percent of young children consume less than the recommended levels for vegetables. The objective of this randomized feasibility intervention was to demonstrate the impact of an innovative approach to increase consumption of vegetable dishes by minority preschool children attending Head Start. The specific aims included the collection of data to assess feasibility and efficacy of the intervention. Methods Both qualitative and quantitative assessments were conducted. Qualitative data was used for development of the intervention and for program feedback at post assessments. Two hundred fifty-three preschool children (49% boys; 66% Hispanics and 34% African-Americans; mean age 4.4 years) were randomized either to the intervention (n = 128) or the control group (n = 125). The teacher/parent intervention group showed the children videotaped (DVD) puppet shows. Based on the theoretical framework “transportation into a narrative world”, three professionally developed characters, unique storylines and an engaging, repetitious song were incorporated in four 20-min DVD puppet shows. Prior to lunch each show was shown for five consecutive days in school and a minimum of once in the home. Digital photography was used in school to assess consumption of vegetable dishes at the lunch meal (quantitative assessment). At home parents were asked to complete the booklet questions corresponding to each DVD; questions could be answered correctly only if parents watched the DVD with their child. A multilevel mixed-effect model was used to analyze the data, adjusting for age, gender, and ethnicity. Results Children in the intervention group significantly (p < 0.0001) increased consumption of vegetable dishes from baseline to follow-up compared to no change in the control group. At follow-up, the intervention group continued to have significantly (p = 0.022) higher intake of vegetable dishes compared to the control group. Sixty percent of the mothers completed the booklet’s questions with 76 to 98% correct responses. Conclusion Using theory-based motivational theater with multiple exposures may be an effective behavioral intervention to increase consumption of vegetable dishes by preschool children that can be easily disseminated to a large sample. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT02216968
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Nicklas
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sandra Lopez
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rabab Saab
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Reiher
- Founder of Esmartchoice, FutureWise Inc, and Innertainment, Burbank, CA, USA
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148
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Havemeier S, Erickson J, Slavin J. Dietary guidance for pulses: the challenge and opportunity to be part of both the vegetable and protein food groups. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1392:58-66. [PMID: 28146277 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulses are a dry, edible variety of beans, peas, and lentils that have been consumed for 10,000 years. Pulses are rich in plant-based protein and fiber, as well as micronutrients such as iron and potassium. The satiating effect of both fiber and protein assists in managing weight and combating obesity. The high fiber content and low glycemic index of pulses aid people with diabetes in maintaining blood glucose and insulin levels. Pulse consumption may improve serum lipid levels to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Pulses developed as a member of both the protein and vegetable food groups as a result of its high content of plant-based protein and dietary fiber. The last two revisions of the Dietary Guidelines saw the transformation from the MyPyramid "meat and beans group" to the MyPlate "protein foods group," a nutrient name rather than a food source. Research suggests that consumers better identify with food source examples rather than nutrient names. The 2015 Dietary Guidelines also came with a new area: sustainable diets. Encouraging the consumption of sustainable food sources, like pulses, is imperative to ensuring a secure, healthy food supply for the U.S. population over time and for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Havemeier
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer Erickson
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Joanne Slavin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
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Jin M, Zhang X, Zhao M, Deng M, Du Y, Zhou Y, Wang S, Tohge T, Fernie AR, Willmitzer L, Brotman Y, Yan J, Wen W. Integrated genomics-based mapping reveals the genetics underlying maize flavonoid biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:17. [PMID: 28100172 PMCID: PMC5242060 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-0972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids constitute a diverse class of secondary metabolites which exhibit potent bioactivities for human health and have been indicated to play an important role in plant development and defense. However, accumulation and variation of flavonoid content in diverse maize lines and the genes responsible for their biosynthesis in this important crop remain largely unknown. In this study, we combine genetic mapping, metabolite profiling and gene regulatory network analysis to further enhance understanding of the maize flavonoid pathway. RESULTS We repeatedly detected 25 QTL corresponding to 23 distinct flavonoids across different environments or populations. In addition, a total of 39 genes were revealed both by an expression based network analysis and genetic mapping. Finally, the function of three candidate genes, including two UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) and an oxygenase which belongs to the flavone synthase super family, was revealed via preliminary molecular functional characterization. CONCLUSION We explored the genetic influences on the flavonoid biosynthesis based on integrating the genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic information which provided a rich source of potential candidate genes. The integrated genomics based genetic mapping strategy is highly efficient for defining the complexity of functional genetic variants and their respective regulatory networks as well as in helping to select candidate genes and allelic variance before embarking on laborious transgenic validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Mingchao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Min Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yuanhao Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Weiwei Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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150
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Gastroprotective [6]-Gingerol Aspirinate as a Novel Chemopreventive Prodrug of Aspirin for Colon Cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40119. [PMID: 28067282 PMCID: PMC5220309 DOI: 10.1038/srep40119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests daily low-dose aspirin (ASA) reduces heart diseases and colorectal cancers. However, the major limitation to the use of aspirin is its side effect to cause ulceration and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. Preclinical studies have shown that ginger constituents ameliorate ASA-induced gastric ulceration. We here report the design and synthesis of a novel prodrug of aspirin, [6]-gingerol aspirinate (GAS). Our data show that GAS exerts enhanced anti-cancer properties in vitro and superior gastroprotective effects in mice. GAS was also able to survive stomach acid and decomposed in intestinal linings or after absorption to simultaneously release ASA and [6]-gingerol. We further present that GAS inactivates both COX-1 and COX-2 equally. Our results demonstrate the enhanced anticancer properties along with gastroprotective effects of GAS, suggesting that GAS can be a therapeutic equivalent for ASA in inflammatory and proliferative diseases without the deleterious effects on stomach mucosa.
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