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Dang Z, Su S, Jin G, Nan X, Ma L, Li Z, Lu D, Ge R. Tsantan Sumtang attenuated chronic hypoxia-induced right ventricular structure remodeling and fibrosis by equilibrating local ACE-AngII-AT1R/ACE2-Ang1-7-Mas axis in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112470. [PMID: 31862407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tsantan Sumtang, which consists of Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill, Myristica fragrans Houtt and Santalum album L, is a traditional and common prescription of Tibetan medicine. Tsantan Sumtang originates from Four Tantra with properties of nourishing heart and has been used as a folk medicine for cardiovascular diseases and heart failure in Qinghai, Tibet and Inner Mongolia. Our previous studies found that Tsantan Sumtang showed beneficial effects on right ventricular structure in hypoxia rats, while the underling mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Tsantan Sumtang attenuated right ventricular (RV) remodeling and fibrosis of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (170 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into control group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia + Tsantan Sumtang groups (1.0 g· kg-1·day-1, 1.25 g· kg-1·day-1, 1.5 g ·kg-1·day-1). Rats in the hypoxia group and hypoxia + Tsantan Sumtang groups were maintained in a hypobaric chamber by adjusting the inner pressure and oxygen content to simulate an altitude of 4500 m for 28 days. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI), the ratio of RV weight to tibia length (TL) (RV/TL), heart rate (HR) and RV systolic pressure (RVSP) was determined. Histomorphological assay of RV structure was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. RV tissue fibrosis was assessed by collagen proportion area (CPA), collagen I, collagen III and hydroxyproline content. CPA was obtained by picro-sirius red staining (PSR). The expression of collagen I and collagen III were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The hydroxyproline content was detected by alkaline hydrolysis. In addition, the level of angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) in RV tissue was tested by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), AngII, AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Mas receptor (Mas) were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. mRNA level of ACE, AT1R, ACE2, Mas were tested by qPCR. The chemical profile of Tsantan Sumtang was revealed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that RVHI, RV/TL and RVSP were significantly increased in HPAH rat. Furthermore, levels of collagen I, collagen III and hydroxyproline were up-regulated in RV tissue under hypoxia. We found that RV hypertrophy and fibrosis were associated with increased expression of ACE, AngII, AT1R as well as decreased expression of ACE2, Ang1-7 and Mas. RV remodeling and fibrosis were attenuated after Tsantan Sumtang administration by up-regulating ACE2 and Mas level as well as down-regulating ACE, AngII and AT1R levels in RV tissue. 35 constituents in Tsantan Sumtang were identified. CONCLUSION Tsantan Sumtang attenuated RV remodeling and fibrosis in rat exposed to chronic hypoxia. The pharmacological effect of Tsantan Sumtang was based on equilibrating ACE-AngII-AT1R and ACE2-Ang1-7-Mas axis of RV tissue in HPAH rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhancui Dang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs District, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810003, China
| | - Guoen Jin
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China
| | - Xingmei Nan
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China.
| | - Rili Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China.
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Gillebert TC. Left Atrial Reservoir and Booster Function in HFrEF: Implications for Diastolic Function. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:1116-1118. [PMID: 32199843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry C Gillebert
- Department of Cardiology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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103
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Pitoulis FG, Terracciano CM. Heart Plasticity in Response to Pressure- and Volume-Overload: A Review of Findings in Compensated and Decompensated Phenotypes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32116796 PMCID: PMC7031419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult human heart has an exceptional ability to alter its phenotype to adapt to changes in environmental demand. This response involves metabolic, mechanical, electrical, and structural alterations, and is known as cardiac plasticity. Understanding the drivers of cardiac plasticity is essential for development of therapeutic agents. This is particularly important in contemporary cardiology, which uses treatments with peripheral effects (e.g., on kidneys, adrenal glands). This review focuses on the effects of different hemodynamic loads on myocardial phenotype. We examine mechanical scenarios of pressure- and volume overload, from the initial insult, to compensated, and ultimately decompensated stage. We discuss how different hemodynamic conditions occur and are underlined by distinct phenotypic and molecular changes. We complete the review by exploring how current basic cardiac research should leverage available cardiac models to study mechanical load in its different presentations.
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Buchtele N, Schwameis M, Schoergenhofer C, Derhaschnig U, Firbas C, Karch R, Nix D, Schenk R, Jilma B. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of parenterally administered dutogliptin: A prospective dose-escalating trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:979-990. [PMID: 31912513 PMCID: PMC7163368 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Animal studies suggest that inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐IV) may improve heart function and survival after myocardial infarction by increasing cardiac myocytes’ regenerative capacity. Parenterally administered dutogliptin may provide continuous strong DPP‐IV inhibition to translate these results into humans. This trial investigated the safety and tolerability, as well as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, of parenterally administered dutogliptin after single and repeated doses. Methods In an open‐label trial, volunteers received dutogliptin at increasing doses of 30–120 mg subcutaneously or 30 mg intravenously in the single‐dose cohorts. Subjects in the multiple‐dose cohort received 60, 90 or 120 mg dutogliptin subcutaneously once daily on 7 consecutive days. Results Forty healthy males were included in the trial. No related serious adverse events occurred. Mild local injection site reactions with no requirement for intervention comprised 147 of 153 (96%) related adverse events. Subcutaneous bioavailability was approximately 100%. Multiple injections at daily intervals did not lead to the accumulation of the study drug. The accumulation ratios based on AUC0‐24h range from 0.90 to 1.03, supporting this argument. All subjects receiving ≥60 mg dutogliptin yielded a maximum DPP‐IV inhibition >90%. The duration of DPP‐IV inhibition over time increased in a dose‐dependent manner and was highest in the 120‐mg multiple‐dosing cohort with a maximum AUEC0‐24h of 342 h % (standard deviation: 73), translating into 86% DPP‐IV inhibition 24 hours after dosing. Conclusion Parenteral injection of dutogliptin was safe and subcutaneous bioavailability is excellent. DPP‐IV inhibition increased dose dependently to >86% over 24 hours after multiple doses of 120 mg dutogliptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Buchtele
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schwameis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ulla Derhaschnig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Firbas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Karch
- Section of Biosimulation and Bioinformatics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems (CeMSIIS), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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105
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Guta AC, Badano LP, Ochoa-Jimenez RC, Genovese D, Previtero M, Civera S, Ruocco A, Bettella N, Parati G, Muraru D. Three-dimensional echocardiography to assess left ventricular geometry and function. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 17:801-815. [PMID: 31770493 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1697234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Quantification of left ventricular (LV) size and function represents the most frequent indication for an echocardiographic study. New echocardiographic techniques have been developed over the last decades in an attempt to provide a more comprehensive, accurate, and reproducible assessment of LV function.Areas covered: Although two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) is the recommended imaging modality to evaluate the LV, three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has proven to be more accurate, by avoiding geometric assumptions about LV geometry, and to have incremental value for outcome prediction in comparison to conventional 2DE. LV shape (sphericity) and mass are actually measured with 3DE. Myocardial deformation analysis using 3DE can early detect subclinical LV dysfunction, before any detectable change in LV ejection fraction.Expert opinion: 3DE eliminates the errors associated with foreshortening and geometric assumptions inherent to 2DE and 3DE measurements approach very closely those obtained by CMR (the current reference modality), while maintaining the unique clinical advantage of a safe, highly cost/effective, portable imaging technique, available to the cardiologist at bedside to translate immediately the echocardiography findings into the clinical decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrada C Guta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luigi P Badano
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto C Ochoa-Jimenez
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Internal Medicine Department, Mount Sinai St Luke's and Mount Sinai West, New York, NY, USA
| | - Davide Genovese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Previtero
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Civera
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ruocco
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Natascia Bettella
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Denisa Muraru
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Mohammadzadeh N, Melleby AO, Palmero S, Sjaastad I, Chakravarti S, Engebretsen KVT, Christensen G, Lunde IG, Tønnessen T. Moderate Loss of the Extracellular Matrix Proteoglycan Lumican Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis in Mice Subjected to Pressure Overload. Cardiology 2020; 145:187-198. [PMID: 31968347 DOI: 10.1159/000505318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The heart undergoes myocardial remodeling during progression to heart failure following pressure overload. Myocardial remodeling is associated with structural and functional changes in cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is accompanied by inflammation. Cardiac fibrosis, the accumulation of ECM molecules including collagens and collagen cross-linking, contributes both to impaired systolic and diastolic function. Insufficient mechanistic insight into what regulates cardiac fibrosis during pathological conditions has hampered therapeutic so-lutions. Lumican (LUM) is an ECM-secreted proteoglycan known to regulate collagen fibrillogenesis. Its expression in the heart is increased in clinical and experimental heart failure. Furthermore, LUM is important for survival and cardiac remodeling following pressure overload. We have recently reported that total lack of LUM increased mortality and left ventricular dilatation, and reduced collagen expression and cross-linking in LUM knockout mice after aortic banding (AB). Here, we examined the effect of LUM on myocardial remodeling and function following pressure overload in a less extreme mouse model, where cardiac LUM level was reduced to 50% (i.e., moderate loss of LUM). METHODS AND RESULTS mRNA and protein levels of LUM were reduced to 50% in heterozygous LUM (LUM+/-) hearts compared to wild-type (WT) controls. LUM+/- mice were subjected to AB. There was no difference in survival between LUM+/- and WT mice post-AB. Echocardiography revealed no striking differences in cardiac geometry between LUM+/- and WT mice 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-AB, although markers of diastolic dysfunction indicated better function in LUM+/- mice. LUM+/- hearts revealed reduced cardiac fibrosis assessed by histology. In accordance, the expression of collagen I and III, the main fibrillar collagens in the heart, and other ECM molecules central to fibrosis, i.e. including periostin and fibronectin, was reduced in the hearts of LUM+/- compared to WT 6 weeks post-AB. We found no differences in collagen cross-linking between LUM+/- and WT mice post-AB, as assessed by histology and qPCR. CONCLUSIONS Moderate lack of LUM attenuated cardiac fibrosis and improved diastolic dysfunction following pressure overload in mice, adding to the growing body of evidence suggesting that LUM is a central profibrotic molecule in the heart that could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyereh Mohammadzadeh
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Olav Melleby
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheryl Palmero
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, .,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, .,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,
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Oyagbemi A, Omobowale T, Adejumobi O, Ugbor F, Asenuga E, Ajibade T, Afolabi J, Ogunpolu B, Falayi O, Gbadamos I, Ola-Davies O, Saba A, Ashafa A, Yakubu M, Adedapo A, Oguntibeju O. Antihypertensive effect of methanol leaf extract of Azadirachta indica is mediated through suppression of renal caspase 3 expressions on Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester induced hypertension. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_10_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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108
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Cell shape determines gene expression: cardiomyocyte morphotypic transcriptomes. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 115:7. [PMID: 31872302 PMCID: PMC6928094 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes undergo considerable changes in cell shape. These can be due to hemodynamic constraints, including changes in preload and afterload conditions, or to mutations in genes important for cardiac function. These changes instigate significant changes in cellular architecture and lead to the addition of sarcomeres, at the same time or at a later stage. However, it is currently unknown whether changes in cell shape on their own affect gene expression and the aim of this study was to fill that gap in our knowledge. We developed a single-cell morphotyping strategy, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing, to determine the effects of altered cell shape in gene expression. This enabled us to profile the transcriptomes of individual cardiomyocytes of defined geometrical morphotypes and characterize them as either normal or pathological conditions. We observed that deviations from normal cell shapes were associated with significant downregulation of gene expression and deactivation of specific pathways, like oxidative phosphorylation, protein kinase A, and cardiac beta-adrenergic signaling pathways. In addition, we observed that genes involved in apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and necrosis were upregulated in square-like pathological shapes. Mechano-sensory pathways, including integrin and Src kinase mediated signaling, appear to be involved in the regulation of shape-dependent gene expression. Our study demonstrates that cell shape per se affects the regulation of the transcriptome in cardiac myocytes, an effect with possible implications for cardiovascular disease.
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Taohong Siwu Decoction Exerts a Beneficial Effect on Cardiac Function by Possibly Improving the Microenvironment and Decreasing Mitochondrial Fission after Myocardial Infarction. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:5198278. [PMID: 31885903 PMCID: PMC6925791 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5198278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has been established as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, resulting in a huge burden to patients, families, and society. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) presents several advantages for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases including multitargets, multi-ingredients, fewer side effects, and low cost. In this study, a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI) was established by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery, and the effect of the Taohong Siwu decoction (THSWD) on cardiac function was evaluated in MI rats. Following the intragastric administration of THSWD, the cardiac function was examined using echocardiography. The infarct size and collagen deposition in the infarct area were measured using Masson's trichrome staining, and the number of CD31- and α-SMA-positive blood vessels in the peri-infarct and infarct area was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. The mRNA expression of bFGF, IGF-1, and HGF was detected using RT-PCR assay. Cell apoptosis in the infarcted area was assessed by TUNEL staining, and the p-Akt level was detected using the western blot assay. The mitochondrial ROS production was measured using MitoSOX staining, and mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy were evaluated with western blotting 7 days after THSWD treatment. THSWD increased the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) values in the rat hearts; however, no statistical difference was found between the THSWD and MI groups 4 weeks after treatment. Furthermore, THSWD significantly decreased the value of the left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV). Compared with the model group, THSWD significantly increased the expression of IGF-1 and bFGF, reduced collagen deposition, promoted angiogenesis, reduced cell apoptosis, and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Notably, THSWD significantly decreased mitochondrial ROS production and Fis1 expression. No statistical differences were observed in the expression of mitochondrial LC3B and Mfn1 between the THSWD and control groups. In summary, THSWD may possess a beneficial effect on cardiac function by improving the local ischemic microenvironment and by decreasing mitochondrial fission after MI. Hence, this may present a promising auxiliary strategy in the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy such as MI.
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110
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Cai S, Wald R, Deva DP, Kiaii M, Ng MY, Karur GR, Bello O, Li ZJ, Leipsic J, Jimenez-Juan L, Kirpalani A, Connelly KA, Yan AT. Cardiac MRI measurements of pericardial adipose tissue volumes in patients on in-centre nocturnal hemodialysis. J Nephrol 2019; 33:355-363. [PMID: 31728837 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-019-00665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conversion from conventional hemodialysis (CHD) to in-centre nocturnal hemodialysis (INHD) is associated with left ventricular (LV) mass regression, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Using cardiac MRI (CMR), we examined the effects of INHD on epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and paracardial adipose tissue (PAT), and the relationships between EAT, PAT and LV remodeling, biomarkers of nutrition, myocardial injury, fibrosis and volume. METHODS We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study of 37 patients transitioned from CHD to INHD and 30 patients on CHD (control). Biochemical markers and CMR were performed at baseline and 52 weeks. CMR images were analyzed by independent readers, blinded to order and treatment group. RESULTS Among 64 participants with complete CMR studies at baseline (mean age 54; 43% women), there were no significant differences in EAT index (60.6 ± 4.3 mL/m2 vs 64.2 ± 5.1 mL/m2, p = 0.99) or PAT index (60.0 ± 5.4 mL/m2 vs 53.2 ± 5.9 mL/m2, p = 0.42) between INHD and CHD groups. Over 52 weeks, EAT index and PAT index did not change significantly in INHD and CHD groups (p = 0.21 and 0.14, respectively), and the changes in EAT index and PAT index did not differ significantly between INHD and CHD groups (p = 0.30 and 0.16, respectively). Overall, changes in EAT index inversely correlated with changes in LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) but not LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), LV mass index (LVMI), and LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Changes in PAT index inversely correlated with changes in LVESVI, LVMI and positively correlated with changes in LVEF. There were no correlations between changes in EAT index or PAT index with changes in albumin, LDL, triglycerides, troponin-I, FGF-23, or NT-proBNP levels over 52 weeks (all p > 0.30). CONCLUSIONS INHD was not associated with any changes in EAT index and PAT index over 12 months. Changes in EAT index were not significantly associated with changes in markers of LV remodeling, nutrition, myocardial injury, fibrosis, volume status. In contrast, changes in PAT index, which paradoxically is expected to exert less paracrine effect on the myocardium, were correlated with changes in LVESVI, LVMI and LVEF. Larger and longer-term studies may clarify the role of PAT in cardiac remodeling with intensified hemodialysis. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT00718848.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Cai
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ron Wald
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Djeven P Deva
- Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mercedeh Kiaii
- Division of Nephrology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ming-Yen Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gauri R Karur
- Toronto Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Oblugbenga Bello
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Donnelly 6-034, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Zhuo Jun Li
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Donnelly 6-034, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Jonathon Leipsic
- Department of Medical Imaging, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura Jimenez-Juan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anish Kirpalani
- Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Donnelly 6-034, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Andrew T Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Donnelly 6-034, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
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111
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Ishizu T, Seo Y, Namekawa M, Murakoshi N, Ieda M, Kawakami Y. Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain as a Marker for Point of No Return in Hypertensive Heart Failure Treatment. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 33:226-233.e1. [PMID: 31740371 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently no therapies that can improve prognosis in cases of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (EF). We hypothesized that there is a point of no return after which no response to treatment is noted and that for the prevention of hypertensive HF this point may be determined by left ventricle (LV) strain, in the prevention of hypertensive HF. Here an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) was initiated based on myocardial strain imaging and its effects were determined in an animal model. METHODS Thirty-two male Dahl salt-sensitive rats, age 6 weeks, were divided into six experimental groups and compared with low-salt (n = 8) and high-salt control groups (n = 8). In the early treatment group, ACE-I was administered from the age of 6 weeks (n = 4); in the longitudinal strain (LS) group, at 10-12 weeks when LS impairment was >-21% (n = 4); in the circumferential strain (CS) group, at 16-18 weeks when CS impairment was >-18% (n = 4); and in the EF group, at 20 weeks when EF was <55% (n = 4). Subsequently, all rats were sacrificed at 23 weeks age, the LV and lung weight were measured, and pathologic analyses were performed. RESULTS At 23 weeks of age, the lung and LV weights increased in the high-salt control, EF, and CS groups, whereas the lung and LV weights in the LS and early groups were similar to those in the low-salt control group. The percentage of area of subendocardial fibrosis was >6% in the high-salt control, EF, and CS groups and <3% in the LS, early, and low-salt groups. Serial echocardiography demonstrated LS improvement in the LS group; however, the CS and EF groups showed no differences. CONCLUSIONS Heart failure-related lung congestion was prevented when ACE-I was administered soon after LS impairment, accompanied by suppression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, thereby suggesting that the point of no return of myocardial remodeling due to hypertension was present after LS but before CS impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ishizu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Seo
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Mikiko Namekawa
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Murakoshi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Ishikawa J, Hirose H, Ishikawa S. Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 Increases With Ageing and Can Be Associated With Stroke ― Nested Case-Control Study ―. Circ Rep 2019; 1:502-507. [PMID: 33693092 PMCID: PMC7897566 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-19-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Increase of collagen in the extracellular matrix occurs with ageing. We investigated whether a collagen marker, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), was associated with risk of stroke. Methods and Results:
In a nested case-control study of 953 subjects from the general population, we evaluated determinants of TIMP-1 level and stroke risk. Mean subject age was 65.7±8.6 years (53.0% men); TIMP-1 was 72.4±28.2 pg/mL in the control group and 75.3±30.9 pg/mL in the stroke group. The relationship between TIMP-1 quartile and stroke was J-curved. Subjects in the highest TIMP-1 quartile (≥89 ng/mL) had a significantly higher OR of stroke (59–72 ng/mL; OR, 1.90; 95% CI: 1.09–3.31, P=0.023) than those in the second TIMP-1 quartile, and this tended toward significance even after adjusting for confounding factors (P=0.059). Elevation of serum TIMP-1 became more marked after age 65 years. On multiple linear regression analysis, significant determinants of TIMP-1 were older age (B=0.21 per 1 year; 95% CI: 0.52–1.07, P<0.001) and higher systolic blood pressure (SBP; B=0.19 per 1 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.08–0.42, P=0.004). Conclusions:
TIMP-1 increased with ageing and with SBP, and can be associated with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
| | | | - Shizukiyo Ishikawa
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University
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113
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Schisandrin B attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in mice by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4645-4652. [PMID: 31798701 PMCID: PMC6878904 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of schisandrin B (Sch B) on myocardial hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: i) Sham (n=12); ii) transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (n=12); and iii) Sch B-treated (n=12; 80 mg·kg−1·d−1 per gavage). The model of myocardial hypertrophy was established by constricting the descending branch of the aortic arch. Following a 4-week treatment period, cardiac remodeling was evaluated using echocardiography and pathological and molecular analysis. Sch B improved cardiac function in the Sch B-treated group compared with the TAC group. Moreover, the Sch B-treated group had a smaller myocardial cell cross-sectional area and less fibrosis compared with the TAC group. The protein expression levels of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis markers in the TAC group were significantly higher compared with those in the sham group. The same markers in the Sch B-treated group were significantly lower compared with those in the TAC group. Additionally, the phosphorylation levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-associated proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were significantly lower in the Sch B-treated group compared with the TAC group. Further in vitro investigation demonstrated that Sch B prevented the adverse effects of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy and fibrosis by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. In conclusion, Sch B may improve pathological myocardial remodeling and cardiac function induced by pressure overload, and its underlying mechanism may be associated with inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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114
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Dissociation between hypertrophy and fibrosis in the left ventricle early after experimental kidney transplantation. J Hypertens 2019; 38:489-503. [PMID: 31652182 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is the most common cardiac alteration in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Normalization of hypertension in CKD patients receiving a healthy kidney allograft often reverses LV hypertrophy, but effects on LV fibrosis remain unclear. To study causal interactions between graft and environment on LV hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation, we applied cross-kidney transplantation METHODS:: Orthotopic transplantation was performed after inducing CKD in rats by two-third bilateral ablation of kidney mass: Healthy kidney (K) donor to healthy heart (H) recipient (healthy-K→healthy-H); CKD-K→healthy-H; healthy-K→CKD-H; CKD-K→CKD-H; N= 6 per group. RESULTS At week 6 after transplantation, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and LV mass index (LVMI) increased in CKD-K versus healthy-K irrespective of recipient. Contrarily, LV fibrosis was more severe in CKD-H versus healthy-H recipients irrespective of graft. Indeed, MAP and plasma creatinine correlated with LVMI but not with LV fibrosis. Increased LVMI in CKD-K→CKD-H not accompanied by cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area gain is consistent with eccentric remodelling. Cardiac RNA sequencing found a strong transcriptional response associated with LV fibrosis but only sparse changes associated with LV hypertrophy. This response was, among others, characterized by changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) and inflammatory gene expression. CONCLUSION LVMI reversed and MAP and renal function were normalized early after transplantation of a healthy kidney. However, LV fibrosis persisted, dissociating LV hypertrophy from LV fibrosis within 6 weeks. Elucidating cardiac ECM dynamics in CKD patients, although challenging, appears promising.
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115
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Chen H, Watnick T, Hong SN, Daly B, Li Y, Seliger SL. Left ventricular hypertrophy in a contemporary cohort of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:386. [PMID: 31653199 PMCID: PMC6815023 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) often develop hypertension in childhood or early adulthood. Although this could result in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, prior studies of LVH in ADPKD have yielded conflicting results. We estimated the prevalence of LVH using consensus echocardiography criteria and examined the independent association of ADPKD severity with LV mass in a contemporary cohort of ADPKD patients. Methods Adults with ADPKD and eGFR> 15 ml/min/1.73m2 were enrolled in a single-center study. Left Ventricular Mass (LVM) was quantified using 2D echocardiography, and LVH was defined using gender-specific cut-points of LVM and LVM indexed to body surface area (LVMI) from consensus guidelines. Total Kidney Volume (TKV) was quantified using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and GFR was estimated from serum creatinine using the CKD-Epi equation. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the association of TKV and eGFR with LVM and LVMI, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Among 126 participants (78% with hypertension), median age was 46 years, median eGFR 63 ml/min/1.73 m2, and median [IQR] systolic blood pressure was 125 [116–133] mmHg. Prevalence of LVH was 21.4% as defined by LVMI and was not significantly different (p = 0.8) between those with and without HTN, and was similar (21.4%) after excluding those (N = 21) with known cardiac disease. Greater TKV and lower eGFR were directly correlated with greater LVMI (p = .016 and p < .001, respectively). In multiple linear regression models accounting for potential confounders including blood pressure, greater TKV was positively associated with LVM (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \hat{\beta} $$\end{document}β^ =0.19, p = 0.04). Conclusions In a contemporary cohort of ADPKD patients with well-controlled blood pressure, the prevalence of LVH is high, and ADPKD severity as reflected by TKV is independently associated with greater LV mass. These results may suggest a relationship between ADPKD pathophysiology and increased LV mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanwen Chen
- Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene street, N3W143, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Terry Watnick
- Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene street, N3W143, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Susie N Hong
- Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barry Daly
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yongfang Li
- Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen L Seliger
- Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene street, N3W143, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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116
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Gronda E, Sacchi S, Benincasa G, Vanoli E, Napoli C. Unresolved issues in left ventricular postischemic remodeling and progression to heart failure. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2019; 20:640-649. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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117
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Li Y, Ruan X, Xu X, Li C, Qiang T, Zhou H, Gao J, Wang X. Shengmai Injection Suppresses Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Apoptosis via Activation of the AMPK Signaling Pathway Through Energy-Dependent Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1095. [PMID: 31616303 PMCID: PMC6764192 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shengmai injection (SMI), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl., and Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., has been used to treat acute and chronic heart failure. This study aimed to further clarify the effects of SMI on energy metabolism. SMI could improve cell-survival rate and also reduce myocardial cell hypertrophy and apoptosis. Mitochondria are important sites of cellular energy metabolism, and SMI protects mitochondrial function which was evaluated by mitochondrial ultrastructure, mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR), and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in this study. The expression levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and phosphocreatine (PCr) increased. The expression levels of free fatty acid oxidation [carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1)], glucose oxidation [glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4)], and mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α [PGC-1α]) were upregulated after SMI treatment. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important signaling pathway regulating energy metabolism and also can regulate the above-mentioned indicators. In the present study, SMI was found to promote phosphorylation of AMPK. However, the effects of SMI on fatty acid, glucose oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as inhibiting apoptosis of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes were partly blocked by AMPK inhibitor–compound C. Moreover, decreased myocardial hypertrophy and apoptosis treated by SMI were inhibited by AMPK knockdown with shAMPK to a certain degree and AMPK knockdown almost abolished the SMI-induced increase in the expression of GLUT-4, CPT-1, and PGC-1α. These data suggest that SMI suppressed Ang II–induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis via activation of the AMPK signaling pathway through energy-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofen Ruan
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cha Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Qiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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118
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Gubara SM, Chepurko E, Bridges CR, Hajjar RJ. Surgical and physiological challenges in the development of left and right heart failure in rat models. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 24:759-777. [PMID: 30903356 PMCID: PMC6698228 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rodent surgical animal models of heart failure (HF) are critically important for understanding the proof of principle of the cellular alterations underlying the development of the disease as well as evaluating therapeutics. Robust, reproducible rodent models are a prerequisite to the development of pharmacological and molecular strategies for the treatment of HF in patients. Due to the absence of standardized guidelines regarding surgical technique and clear criteria for HF progression in rats, objectivity is compromised. Scientific publications in rats rarely fully disclose the actual surgical details, and technical and physiological challenges. This lack of reporting is one of the main reasons that the outcomes specified in similar studies are highly variable and associated with unnecessary loss of animals, compromising scientific assessment. This review details rat circulatory and coronary arteries anatomy, the surgical details of rat models that recreate the HF phenotype of myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion, left and right ventricular pressure, and volume overload states, and summarizes the technical and physiological challenges of creating HF. The purpose of this article is to help investigators understand the underlying issues of current HF models in order to reduce variable results and ensure successful, reproducible models of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA.
| | - Anthony S Fargnoli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Sarah M Gubara
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Charles R Bridges
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave., Box 1030, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
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119
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Zhang X, Liu X. Ventricular tachycardia and heart failure in a patient of mid-ventricular obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with apical aneurysm: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2238-2242. [PMID: 31410174 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mid-ventricular obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (MVOHC) with apical aneurysm is a rare type of cardiomyopathy. It is associated with an elevated risk of ventricular arrhythmias, thromboembolism, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. The present case study reports on a patient with MVOHC and apical aneurysm who developed ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure. The patient received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for prevention of fatal arrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia was terminated by increased doses of amiodarone and β-blocker. Transthoracic echocardiography indicated a mid-ventricular gradient of 64 mmHg. The patient refused surgical treatment and opted for alcohol septal ablation (ASA). At the 6-month follow-up, a rebound of the gradient following ASA was observed on echocardiography. In the present study, timely recognition of MVOHC with apical aneurysm led to prompt defibrillator implantation for prophylaxis regarding further malignant arrhythmias. Surgical management should be considered in symptomatic patients with MVOHC and apical aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xingbin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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120
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Chen K, Jian D, Zhao L, Zang X, Song W, Ma J, Jia Z, Wang X, Gao C. Protective effect of histone methyltransferase NSD3 on ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2556-2565. [PMID: 31254363 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor-binding SET domain 3 (NSD3) is a lysine methyltransferase that plays important roles in multiple biological activities; however; its potential roles in the cardiovascular system remain unknown. In this study, we found that NSD3 expression is reduced by isoproterenol (ISO) stimuli both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of NSD3 attenuates ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Mechanistically, ISO treatment decreases H3K27me2/3 modifications on the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) promoter by suppressing NSD3 and inhibits the association between NSD3 and bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), thus suppressing the BRD4-mediated H3K27ac modifications, which ultimately promote ANF transcription and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In conclusion, NSD3 decreases ANF expression and, thereby, attenuates ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Jian
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobiao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jifang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianqing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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121
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Genetic deletion of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta does not mitigate adverse myocardial remodeling in volume-overloaded hearts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9889. [PMID: 31285482 PMCID: PMC6614357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta (CaMKIIδ), the predominant CaMKII isoform expressed in the heart, has been implicated in the progression of myocardial infarction- and pressure overload-induced pathological remodeling. However, the role of CaMKIIδ in volume overload (VO) has not been explored. We have previously reported an activation of CaMKII during transition to HF in long-term VO. Here, we address whether CaMKIIδ is critically involved in the mortality, myocardial remodeling, and heart failure (HF) progression in response to VO. CaMKIIδ knockout (δ-KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates were exposed to aortocaval shunt-induced VO, and the progression of adverse myocardial remodeling was assessed by serial echocardiography, histological and molecular analyses. The mortality rates during 10 weeks of VO were similar in δ-KO and WT mice. Both genotypes displayed comparable eccentric myocardial hypertrophy, altered left ventricle geometry, perturbed systolic and diastolic functions after shunt. Additionally, cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, augmented myocyte apoptosis, and up-regulation of hypertrophic genes were also not significantly different in δ-KO versus WT hearts after shunt. Therefore, CaMKIIδ signaling seems to be dispensable for the progression of VO-induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Accordingly, we hypothesize that CaMKIIδ-inhibition as a therapeutic approach might not be helpful in the context of VO-triggered HF.
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122
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Ren J, Fu L, Nile SH, Zhang J, Kai G. Salvia miltiorrhiza in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review on Its Pharmacological and Clinical Applications. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:753. [PMID: 31338034 PMCID: PMC6626924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive chemical constitutes from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza classified in two major groups, viz., liposoluble tanshinones and water-soluble phenolics. Tanshinone IIA is a major lipid-soluble compound having promising health benefits. The in vivo and in vitro studies showed that the tanshinone IIA and salvianolate have a wide range of cardiovascular and other pharmacological effects, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, endothelial protective, myocardial protective, anticoagulation, vasodilation, and anti-atherosclerosis, as well as significantly help to reduce proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, some of the clinical studies reported that the S. miltiorrhiza preparations in combination with Western medicine were more effective for treatment of various cardiovascular diseases including angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and pulmonary heart diseases. In this review, we demonstrated the potential applications of S. miltiorrhiza, including pharmacological effects of salvianolate, tanshinone IIA, and its water-soluble derivative, like sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. Moreover, we also provided details about the clinical applications of S. miltiorrhiza preparations in controlling the cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Fu
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Accuracy of three-dimensional systolic dyssynchrony and sphericity indexes for identifying early left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. Anatol J Cardiol 2019; 22:13-20. [PMID: 31264652 PMCID: PMC6683215 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2019.02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Left ventricle (LV) geometry and dyssynchrony are associated with LV remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of this prospective study was to assess the diagnostic value of new three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) parameters [sphericity (SI) and systolic dyssynchrony indexes (SDI)] for the prediction of LV remodeling after AMI and to compare them with two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) parameters. Methods: 2DE and 3DE were performed in 75 patients with AMI within 3 days from the onset of MI and 6 months later. LV remodeling was defined as a ≥15% increase in the LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) at follow-up. 3D SI was calculated by dividing EDV by the volume of a sphere whose diameter was derived from the major end-diastolic LV long axis. SDI was considered as a standard deviation of the time from cardiac cycle onset to minimum systolic volume in 16 LV segments. Results: LV remodeling was identified in 34 (45%) patients using the 2DE method and in 22 (29%) patients using the 3DE method. Evaluated 3DE parameters, such as EDV [area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) 0.742, sensitivity 71%, specificity 79%], end-systolic volume (AUC 0.729, sensitivity 69%, specificity 78%), SDI (AUC 0.777, sensitivity 73%, specificity 77%), and SI, had significant prognostic value for LV remodeling. According to the AUC, the highest predictive value had 3D SI (AUC 0.957, sensitivity 90%, specificity 91%). Conclusion: 3DE parameters, especially 3D SI and SDI, play important roles in the prediction of LV remodeling after AMI and can be used in clinical practice.
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Leong CO, Leong CN, Abed AA, Ahmad Bakir A, Liew YM, Dokos S, Lim E. Computational Modelling of the Effect of Infarct Stiffness on Regional Myocardial Mechanics. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2019:6952-6955. [PMID: 31947438 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction increases the rate of mortality and is highly associated with the extent of infarct transmurality. It is hypothesized that infarct stiffness alters regional mechanics and affects the likelihood of human ventricular remodeling. However, this is yet to be studied in detail. In this paper, we present simulations from an actively-contracting left ventricular model to investigate the effects of transmural infarct stiffness on myofiber regional mechanics. Results show that higher infarct stiffness reduces systolic stress at the infarct and border zones, minimizing infarct bulging but increasing the diastolic stress at the endocardial border zone. Determining a proper amount of infarct stiffness is required to achieve a balanced regional mechanics across the cardiac cycle that may be useful in therapy, such as myocardial hydrogel injection to adjust its stiffness and reduce stress to prevent ventricular remodeling.
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Peirlinck M, Sahli Costabal F, Sack KL, Choy JS, Kassab GS, Guccione JM, De Beule M, Segers P, Kuhl E. Using machine learning to characterize heart failure across the scales. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:1987-2001. [PMID: 31240511 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a progressive chronic condition in which the heart undergoes detrimental changes in structure and function across multiple scales in time and space. Multiscale models of cardiac growth can provide a patient-specific window into the progression of heart failure and guide personalized treatment planning. Yet, the predictive potential of cardiac growth models remains poorly understood. Here, we quantify predictive power of a stretch-driven growth model using a chronic porcine heart failure model, subject-specific multiscale simulation, and machine learning techniques. We combine hierarchical modeling, Bayesian inference, and Gaussian process regression to quantify the uncertainty of our experimental measurements during an 8-week long study of volume overload in six pigs. We then propagate the experimental uncertainties from the organ scale through our computational growth model and quantify the agreement between experimentally measured and computationally predicted alterations on the cellular scale. Our study suggests that stretch is the major stimulus for myocyte lengthening and demonstrates that a stretch-driven growth model alone can explain [Formula: see text] of the observed changes in myocyte morphology. We anticipate that our approach will allow us to design, calibrate, and validate a new generation of multiscale cardiac growth models to explore the interplay of various subcellular-, cellular-, and organ-level contributors to heart failure. Using machine learning in heart failure research has the potential to combine information from different sources, subjects, and scales to provide a more holistic picture of the failing heart and point toward new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peirlinck
- Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (IBiTech, bioMMeda), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Sahli Costabal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - K L Sack
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J S Choy
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - G S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J M Guccione
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M De Beule
- Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (IBiTech, bioMMeda), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Segers
- Biofluid, Tissue and Solid Mechanics for Medical Applications (IBiTech, bioMMeda), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Kuhl
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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The regulatory mechanisms of Yulangsan MHBFC reversing cardiac remodeling in rats based on eNOS-NO signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109141. [PMID: 31228800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Millettia pulchra Kurz var-laxior (Dunn) Z. Wei, a wild-growing plant of the family Fabaceae is known to possess multifarious medicinal properties. 17-Methoxyl-7-hydroxy-benzene-furanchalcone (MHBFC) is a flavonoid monomer extracted from its root, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine, with a long history as a remedy of hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling. The present study was conducted to further investigate the regulatory mechanisms of MHBFC based on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide (eNOS-NO) signaling pathway. The abdominal aorta of the male Sprague-Dawley rats was narrowed to induce cardiac remodeling, and the rats were given corresponding drugs for 6 weeks after operation. At the end of the experiment, the relevant indexes were detected. The results showed that Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) could increase the myocardial cell cross-section area, myocardial fibrosis, and the cardiac collagen volume fraction. The serum NO and eNOS levels and the expression of p-eNOS, p-PI3K and p-Akt protein were decreased, and myocardial microvascular endothelial cell (MMVEC) apoptosis increased. However, the above changes were reversed after treatment with MHBFC. These results indicated that MHBFC could increase eNOS protein phosphorylation by increasing PI3K and Akt protein phosphorylation, and activated the eNOS-NO signaling pathway, increased eNOS enzyme activity, catalyzed the generation of protective NO, and counteracted MMVEC apoptosis induced by cardiac remodeling, thereby protecting against myocardial damage and reversing cardiac remodeling.
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Biological markers and cardiac remodelling following the myocardial infarction. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:3523-3535. [PMID: 31182683 PMCID: PMC6594818 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess growth stimulating factor ST2 and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in the sera of myocardial infraction (MI) patients, and their correlation with the adaptive and maladaptive variants of cardiac remodelling. METHODS 87 patients (65 male, 22 females; 67±8.36 years) with ST-elevated MI were included in this study, and 67 patients had an adaptive, physiological, while 20 patients had a maladaptive, pathological variant of myocardium remodelling. RESULTS On day 1, ST2 and NT-proBNP levels were shown to increase 2.4 and 4.5 folds, respectively, compared with those in the control. ST2 levels in patients with maladaptive remodelling were 1.5-fold higher than those in the adaptive remodelling group. On day 12, a decrease in ST2 levels was observed in both groups. NT-proBNP levels increased 1.8 folds in both groups on day 1, compared with those in the controls. Increased ST2 levels on day 1 after MI were shown to increase the risk of maladaptive remodelling 4.5 folds, while high NT-proBNP levels increased this risk 2.3 times. CONCLUSIONS ST2 level determination allows us to predict the risk of maladaptive remodelling with a higher sensitivity and specificity than using NT-proBNP levels.
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TRPA1 Promotes Cardiac Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation after Myocardial Infarction Injury via the Calcineurin-NFAT-DYRK1A Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6408352. [PMID: 31217840 PMCID: PMC6537015 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6408352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are a critical cell population responsible for myocardial extracellular matrix homeostasis. After stimulation by myocardial infarction (MI), CFs transdifferentiate into cardiac myofibroblasts (CMFs) and play a fundamental role in the fibrotic healing response. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels are cationic ion channels with a high fractional Ca2+ current, and they are known to influence cardiac function after MI injury; however, the molecular mechanisms regulating CMF transdifferentiation remain poorly understood. TRPA1 knockout mice, their wild-type littermates, and mice pretreated with the TRPA1 agonist cinnamaldehyde (CA) were subjected to MI injury and monitored for survival, cardiac function, and fibrotic remodeling. TRPA1 can drive myofibroblast transdifferentiation initiated 1 week after MI injury. In addition, we explored the underlying mechanisms via in vitro experiments through gene transfection alone or in combination with inhibitor treatment. TRPA1 overexpression fully activated CMF transformation, while CFs lacking TRPA1 were refractory to transforming growth factor β- (TGF-β-) induced transdifferentiation. TGF-β enhanced TRPA1 expression, which promoted the Ca2+-responsive activation of calcineurin (CaN). Moreover, dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase-1a (DYRK1A) regulated CaN-mediated NFAT nuclear translocation and TRPA1-dependent transdifferentiation. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for TRPA1 in the regulation of CMF transdifferentiation in response to MI injury and indicate a comprehensive pathway driving CMF formation in conjunction with TGF-β, Ca2+ influx, CaN, NFATc3, and DYRK1A.
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Eid RA, Alkhateeb MA, Al-Shraim M, Eleawa SM, Shatoor AS, El-Kott AF, Zaki MSA, Shatoor KA, Bin-Jaliah I, Al-Hashem FH. Ghrelin prevents cardiac cell apoptosis during cardiac remodelling post experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats via activation of Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:93-103. [PMID: 29447000 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1437751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mechanisms by which ghrelin affords its cardioprotection in mammals remained unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine if ghrelin confers cardio-protection during cardiac remodelling post-MI by modulating the RAF-1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into control, sham, sham + ghrelin, myocardial infarction (MI), and MI + ghrelin groups. Ghrelin (100 µg/kg) was administered for 21 days, starting one-day post-MI. RESULTS Ghrelin enhanced cardiac contractility and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, lowered serum levels of enzyme markers of cardiac dysfunction, and lowered inflammatory mediator levels. Ghrelin increased levels of phospho-Raf-1 (Ser338), phospho-MEK1/2 (Ser217/221), phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), and of their downstream target p-BAD (Ser112) and inhibited the cleavage of caspase-3. Concomitantly, ghrelin prevented the increases in the levels of fibrotic markers, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), metalloproteinase-9 (MPP-9), and type III collagen. CONCLUSION Post-MI in rats, ghrelin stimulated Raf-1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-BAD signalling in the LV infarct areas, accounting for its anti-apoptotic effect, enhancing cardiac function, and inhibiting cardiac fibrosis during cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- b Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Eleawa
- c Department of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , PAAET , Kuwait
| | - Abdullah S Shatoor
- d Cardiology section, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- e Department of Biology, College of Science , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid A Shatoor
- g College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah
- h Department of Physiology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahaid H Al-Hashem
- h Department of Physiology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
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Li CJ, Chen CS, Yiang GT, Tsai APY, Liao WT, Wu MY. Advanced Evolution of Pathogenesis Concepts in Cardiomyopathies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040520. [PMID: 30995779 PMCID: PMC6518034 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a group of heterogeneous cardiac diseases that impair systolic and diastolic function, and can induce chronic heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Cardiomyopathy is prevalent in the general population, with high morbidity and mortality rates, and contributes to nearly 20% of sudden cardiac deaths in younger individuals. Genetic mutations associated with cardiomyopathy play a key role in disease formation, especially the mutation of sarcomere encoding genes and ATP kinase genes, such as titin, lamin A/C, myosin heavy chain 7, and troponin T1. Pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy occurs by multiple complex steps involving several pathways, including the Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-activated kinase pathway, G-protein signaling, mechanotransduction pathway, and protein kinase B/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Excess biomechanical stress induces apoptosis signaling in cardiomyocytes, leading to cell loss, which can induce myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. The clinical features and pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy are discussed. Although several basic and clinical studies have investigated the mechanism of cardiomyopathy, the detailed pathophysiology remains unclear. This review summarizes current concepts and focuses on the molecular mechanisms of cardiomyopathy, especially in the signaling from mutation to clinical phenotype, with the aim of informing the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Andy Po-Yi Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Department, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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Fabiani I, Pugliese NR, Santini C, Miccoli M, D'Agostino A, Rovai I, Mazzola M, Pedrinelli R, Dini FL. The assessment of pressure-volume relationship during exercise stress echocardiography predicts left ventricular remodeling and eccentric hypertrophy in patients with chronic heart failure. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2019; 17:6. [PMID: 30954080 PMCID: PMC6451304 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-019-0157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contractile response of patients with heart failure (HF) may be assessed by exercise stress echocardiography (ESE)-derived indexes. We sought to test whether ESE parameters are useful to identify the risk of adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with chronic HF and reduced or mildly reduced LV ejection fraction (EF). METHODS We enrolled 155 stabilized patients (age: 62 ± 11 years, 17% female, coronary artery disease 47%) with chronic HF, LV EF ≤50% and LV end-diastolic volume index > 75 ml/m2. All patients underwent a symptom-limited graded bicycle semi-supine ESE, with evaluation of peak stress LV EF, end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR, i.e. LV elastance) and cardiac power output to LV mass (CPOM). A complete echocardiographic study was performed at baseline and after 6 ± 3 months. Adverse LV remodeling was defined as the association of eccentric LV hypertrophy (LV mass: ≥115 g/m2 for male and ≥ 95 g/m2 for women, and relative wall thickness < 0.32) with an increase in LV end-systolic volume index ≥10% at six months. RESULTS Adverse LV remodeling was detected in 34 (22%) patients. After adjustment for clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic data, peak ESPVR resulted in the most powerful independent predictor of adverse LV remodeling (OR: 12.5 [95% CI 4.5-33]; p < 0.0001) followed by ischemic aetiology (OR: 2.64 [95% 1.04-6.73]; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION In patients with HF and reduced or mildly reduced EF, a compromised ESE-derived peak ESPVR, that reflects impaired LV contractility, resulted to be the most powerful predictor of adverse LV remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Fabiani
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Care Pathology, Fresno, USA
| | - Nicola Riccardo Pugliese
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Santini
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Rovai
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Mazzola
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Pedrinelli
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Frank Lloyd Dini
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Park Y, Choi SW, Oh JH, Shin ES, Lee SY, Kim J, Kim W, Suh JW, Yang DH, Hong YJ, Chan MY, Koh JS, Hwang JY, Park JH, Jeong YH. Rationale and Design of the High Platelet Inhibition with Ticagrelor to Improve Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (HEALING-AMI) Trial. Korean Circ J 2019; 49:586-599. [PMID: 31074220 PMCID: PMC6597457 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2018.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Impaired recovery from left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is a major prognostic factor after myocardial infarction (MI). Because P2Y₁₂ receptor blockade inhibits myocardial injury, ticagrelor with off-target properties may have myocardial protection over clopidogrel. In animal models, ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel protects myocardium against reperfusion injury and improves remodeling after MI. We aimed to investigate the effect of ticagrelor on sequential myocardial remodeling process after MI. METHODS High platelet inhibition with ticagrelor to improve LV remodeling in patients with ST-segment elevation MI (HEALING-AMI) is an investigator-initiated, randomized, open-label, assessor-blinded, multi-center trial done at 10 sites in Korea. Patients will be enrolled if they have ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention and a planned duration of dual antiplatelet treatment of at least 6 months. Screened patients will be randomly assigned (1:1) using an internet-based randomization with a computer-generated blocking with stratification across study sites to either ticagrelor or clopidogrel treatment. The co-primary primary endpoints are LV remodeling index with three-dimensional echocardiography and the level of N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at 6 months representing post-MI remodeling processes. Changes of LV end-systolic/diastolic volume indices and LV ejection fraction between baseline and 6-month follow-up will be also evaluated. Analysis is per protocol. CONCLUSIONS HEALING-AMI is testing the effect of ticagrelor in reducing adverse LV remodeling following STEMI. Our trial would show the benefit of ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel related to the recovery of post-MI LV dysfunction beyond potent platelet inhibition. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02224534.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwhi Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Si Wan Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changwon Samsung Medical Center, Changwon, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sang Yeub Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeongsu Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Weon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Won Suh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Heon Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mark Y Chan
- Department of Cardiology, Singapore National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Jin Sin Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeong Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea.
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Sahli Costabal F, Choy JS, Sack KL, Guccione JM, Kassab GS, Kuhl E. Multiscale characterization of heart failure. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:66-76. [PMID: 30630123 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a progressive irreversible disease associated with contractile dysfunction and heart failure. During dilated cardiomyopathy, elevated diastolic wall strains trigger mechanotransduction pathways that initiate the addition of sarcomeres in series and an overall increase in myocyte length. At the whole organ level, this results in a chronic dilation of the ventricles, an increase in end diastolic and end systolic volumes, and a decrease in ejection fraction. However, how exactly changes in sarcomere number translate into changes in myocyte morphology, and how these cellular changes translate into ventricular dilation remains incompletely understood. Here we combined a chronic animal study, continuum growth modeling, and machine learning to quantify correlations between sarcomere dynamics, myocyte morphology, and ventricular dilation. In an eight-week long volume overload study of six pigs, we found that the average sarcomere number increased by +3.8%/week, from 47 to 62, resulting in a myocyte lengthening of +3.3%/week, from 85 to 108 μm, while the sarcomere length and myocyte width remained unchanged. At the same time, the average end diastolic volume increased by +6.0%/week. Using continuum growth modeling and Bayesian inference, we correlated alterations on the subcellular, cellular, and organ scales and found that the serial sarcomere number explained 88% of myocyte lengthening, which, in turn, explained 54% of cardiac dilation. Our results demonstrate that sarcomere number and myocyte length are closely correlated and constitute the major determinants of dilated heart failure. We anticipate our study to be a starting point for more sophisticated multiscale models of heart failure. Our study suggests that altering sarcomere turnover-and with it myocyte morphology and ventricular dimensions-could be a potential therapeutic target to attenuate or reverse the progression of heart failure. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Heart failure is a significant global health problem that affects more than 25 million people worldwide and increases in prevalence as the population ages. Heart failure has been studied excessively at various scales; yet, there is no compelling concept to connect knowledge from the subcellular, cellular, and organ level across the scales. Here we combined a chronic animal study, continuum growth modeling, and machine learning to quantify correlations between sarcomere dynamics, myocyte morphology, and ventricular dilation. We found that the serial sarcomere number explained 88% of myocyte lengthening, which, in turn, explained 54% of cardiac dilation. Our results show that sarcomere number and myocyte length are closely correlated and constitute the major determinants of dilated heart failure. This suggests that altering the sarcomere turnover-and with it myocyte morphology and ventricular dimensions-could be a potential therapeutic target to attenuate or reverse heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sahli Costabal
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering & Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - J S Choy
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - K L Sack
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J M Guccione
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - E Kuhl
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering & Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA, USA.
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Bunbupha S, Pakdeechote P, Maneesai P, Prachaney P, Boonprom P. Carthamus Tinctorius L. extract attenuates cardiac remodeling in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats by inhibiting the NADPH oxidase-mediated TGF-β1 and MMP-9 pathway. Ann Anat 2019; 222:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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136
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Molecular Imaging to Monitor Left Ventricular Remodeling in Heart Failure. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-019-9487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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137
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Dini FL, Galeotti GG, Terlizzese G, Fabiani I, Pugliese NR, Rovai I. Left Ventricular Mass and Thickness: Why Does It Matter? Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15:159-166. [PMID: 30832808 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Several left ventricular geometric patterns have been described both in healthy and pathologic hearts. Left ventricular mass, wall thickness, and the ratio of wall thickness to radius are important measures to characterize the spectrum of left ventricular geometry. For clinicians, an increase in left ventricular mass is the hallmark of left ventricular hypertrophy. Although pathologic hypertrophy initially can be compensatory, eventually it may become maladaptive and evolve toward progressive left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. In particular, patients who show left ventricular dilation and hypertrophy in association with a low relative wall thickness are likely to carry the highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lloyd Dini
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | - Iacopo Fabiani
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Riccardo Pugliese
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rovai
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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138
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Sharma B, Verma A, Meena C, Gurjar A, Chakraborty A, Srivastav A. Assessment of the Cardiac Function in Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Fetuses and Appropriate for Gestational Age Fetuses. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2019; 69:313-316. [PMID: 31391736 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-018-1192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Aim of the study is to evaluate the myocardial performance index in intrauterine growth restricted fetuses and compare this index with appropriate for gestational age fetuses. Materials & Methods A prospective study was conducted in S.M.S Medical College Jaipur, involving 72 singleton fetuses ≥ 28 weeks of gestation divided into two groups: 36 intrauterine growth restricted fetuses (IUGR) and 36 appropriate for gestational age fetuses (AGA). Myocardial performance index was obtained by fetal echocardiography. Results The mean myocardial performance index in the IUGR fetuses and AGA fetuses was statistically significant and that was 0.62 ± 0.02 and 0.45 ± 0.01, respectively; (p value: < 0.0001). These findings suggest that IUGR induces primary cardiac changes, which could explain the increased predisposition to cardiovascular disease in adult life. This study concluded that Fetal echocardiographic parameters (MPI) identify a high risk group within the IUGR fetuses, which could be targeted for early screening of blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors, as well as for promoting a healthy diet and physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zenana Hospital, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur, 5/203 Swami Vivekanand Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan India
| | - Asha Verma
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zenana Hospital, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur, Imliphatak, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Chandrabhan Meena
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zenana Hospital, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur, Imliphatak, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Anil Gurjar
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zenana Hospital, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur, Zenana Hospital Campus, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Arpita Chakraborty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zenana Hospital, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur, 5/203 Swami Vivekanand Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan India
| | - Ankita Srivastav
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zenana Hospital, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur, 5/203 Swami Vivekanand Nagar, Kota, Rajasthan India
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139
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Nixdorff U, Horstick G, Schlitt A. Akutes Koronarsyndrom. Herz 2019; 44:45-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-019-4782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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140
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D'Auria F, Polito MV, Vitulano G, Ciccarelli M, De Rosa R, Gigantino A, Piscione F, Galasso G. Predictors of left ventricular reverse remodeling in patients with chronic heart failure. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2019; 19:465-469. [PMID: 29952847 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica D'Auria
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno.,Department of Cardiology, A.O.U. 'San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona' Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria V Polito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno.,Department of Cardiology, A.O.U. 'San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona' Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gennaro Vitulano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno.,Department of Cardiology, A.O.U. 'San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona' Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno.,Department of Cardiology, A.O.U. 'San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona' Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta De Rosa
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno
| | - Alberto Gigantino
- Department of Cardiology, A.O.U. 'San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona' Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Federico Piscione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno.,Department of Cardiology, A.O.U. 'San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona' Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gennaro Galasso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno.,Department of Cardiology, A.O.U. 'San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona' Hospital, Salerno, Italy
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141
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Scofield SLC, Dalal S, Lim KA, Thrasher PR, Daniels CR, Peterson JM, Singh M, Singh K. Exogenous ubiquitin reduces inflammatory response and preserves myocardial function 3 days post-ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H617-H628. [PMID: 30681370 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00654.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
β-Adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation increases extracellular levels of ubiquitin (UB) in myocytes, and exogenous UB decreases β-AR-stimulated myocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. Here, we hypothesized that exogenous UB modulates the inflammatory response, thereby playing a protective role in cardiac remodeling after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. C57BL/6 mice infused with vehicle or UB (1 μg·g-1·h-1) were subjected to myocardial I/R injury. Functional and biochemical parameters of the heart were examined 3 days post-I/R. Heart weight-to-body weight ratios were similarly increased in I/R and UB + I/R groups. The area at risk and infarct size were significantly lower in UB + I/R versus I/R groups. Measurement of heart function using echocardiography revealed that I/R decreases percent fractional shortening and percent ejection fraction. However, the decrease in fractional shortening and ejection fraction was significantly lower in the UB + I/R group. The UB + I/R group displayed a significant decrease in inflammatory infiltrates, neutrophils, and macrophages versus the I/R group. Neutrophil activity was significantly lower in the UB + I/R group. Analysis of the concentration of a panel of 23 cytokines/chemokines in the serum using a Bio-Plex assay revealed a significantly lower concentration of IL-12 subunit p40 in the UB + I/R versus I/R group. The concentration of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was lower, whereas the concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α was significantly higher, in the UB+I/R group versus the sham group. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and activity of MMP-9 were higher in the UB + I/R group versus the I/R group. Levels of ubiquitinated proteins and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 expression were increased to a similar extent in both I/R groups. Thus, exogenous UB plays a protective role in myocardial remodeling post-I/R with effects on cardiac function, area at risk/infarct size, the inflammatory response, levels of serum cytokines/chemokines, and MMP expression and activity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors increases extracellular levels of ubiquitin (UB) in myocytes, and exogenous UB decreases β-adrenergic receptor-stimulated myocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. Here, we provide evidence that exogenous UB decreases the inflammatory response and preserves heart function 3 days after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further identification of the molecular events involved in the anti-inflammatory role of exogenous UB may provide therapeutic targets for patients with ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L C Scofield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Suman Dalal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.,Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Kristina A Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Patsy R Thrasher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Christopher R Daniels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan M Peterson
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.,Department of Health Sciences, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Mahipal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.,Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.,James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mountain Home, Tennessee
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142
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Wang E, He X, Zeng M. The Role of S1P and the Related Signaling Pathway in the Development of Tissue Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1504. [PMID: 30687087 PMCID: PMC6338044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis, including pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, and cardiac fibrosis, is an important stage in the development of many diseases. It can lead to structural damage and dysfunction and even severe carcinogenesis or death. There is currently no effective method for the treatment of fibrosis. At present, the molecular mechanism of tissue fibrosis has not yet been fully elucidated, but many studies have demonstrated that it is involved in conveying the complex messages between fibroblasts and various cytokines. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a naturally bioactive sphingolipid. S1P and the related signaling pathways are important intracellular metabolic pathways involved in many life activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cellular signal transduction. Increasing evidence suggests that S1P and its signaling pathways play an important role in the development of tissue fibrosis; however, the mechanisms of these effects have not yet been fully elucidated, and even the role of S1P and its signaling pathways are still controversial. This article focuses on the role of S1P and the related signaling pathways in the development of fibrosis of lung, liver, heart, and other tissues, with emphasis on the application of inhibitors of some of molecules in the pathway in clinical treatment of fibrosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjin Wang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingxuan He
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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143
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García-Otero L, Gómez O, Rodriguez-López M, Torres X, Soveral I, Sepúlveda-Martínez Á, Guirado L, Valenzuela-Alcaraz B, López M, Martínez JM, Gratacós E, Crispi F. Nomograms of Fetal Cardiac Dimensions at 18-41 Weeks of Gestation. Fetal Diagn Ther 2019; 47:387-398. [PMID: 30612128 DOI: 10.1159/000494838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need for standardized reference values for cardiac dimensions in prenatal life. The objective of the present study was to construct nomograms for fetal cardiac dimensions using a well-defined echocardiographic methodology in a low-risk population. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study including 602 low-risk singleton pregnancies undergoing a standardized fetal echocardiography to accurately assess fetal cardiac, ventricular, and atrial dimensions. Parametric regressions were tested to model each measurement against gestational age from 18 to 41 weeks of gestation. RESULTS Nomograms were constructed for fetal cardiac dimensions (transverse and longitudinal diameters and areas) of the whole heart, atria, and ventricles, as well as myocardial wall thicknesses. All dimensions showed a progressive increase with gestational age. The best model for most parameters was a second-degree linear polynomial. Fetal cardiac, ventricular, and atrial diameters and areas were successfully obtained in 98.6% of the fetuses, while myocardial wall thicknesses could be obtained in 96.5% of the population. The results showed excellent interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC > 0.811 and ICC > 0.957, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We provide standardized and comprehensively evaluated reference values for fetal cardiac morphometric parameters across gestation in a low-risk population. These no mograms would enable the early identification of different patterns of fetal cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Otero
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Gómez
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Mérida Rodriguez-López
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain.,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana seccional Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Ximena Torres
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Soveral
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sepúlveda-Martínez
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain.,Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Laura Guirado
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brenda Valenzuela-Alcaraz
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta López
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Martínez
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fàtima Crispi
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
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144
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Hu X, Ou-Yang Q, Wang L, Li T, Xie X, Liu J. AdipoRon prevents l-thyroxine or isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy through regulating the AMPK-related pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:20-30. [PMID: 30566571 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a risk factor which can intrigue heart failure. In the present study, we explored whether AdipoRon attenuates isoprenaline (ISO) or l-thyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and whether the anti-hypertrophy effect is mediated by AMPK-related pathway. Here, cardiac hypertrophy was induced by injection of l-thyroxine or ISO in SD rats. In the treatment group, AdipoRon was co-administered. We examined the effects of AdipoRon on cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophy signaling pathway. The weight of SD rats was recorded every day. Rats were killed for collection of blood and heart under anesthesia. The left heart weight and heart weight were weighed. Paraffin-embedded heart tissue regions (4 μm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or Masson to detect left heart hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. The serum BNP levels were determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA levels of ANP, BNP, PGC-1α, and ERRα were evaluated by real-time PCR analysis. The protein expression levels of PGC-1α, ERRα, and pAMPK/AMPK were determined by western blot analysis. The results showed that AdipoRon significantly reversed heart weight (HW)/body weight (BW) ratio, left ventricular (LV)/BW ratio, serum BNP level and the mRNA level of ANP and BNP induced by ISO or l-thyroxine. ISO or l-thyroxine reduced both the mRNA level and protein level of ERRα and PGC-1α, and also reduced the protein level of pAMPK/AMPK. However, AdipoRon reversed ISO or l-thyroxine-induced changes of pAMPK/AMPK, ERRα, and PGC-1α. Our data indicated that the effects of AdipoRon are mediated partly by activating AMPK-related pathway, and AdipoRon plays a potential role in the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Hu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Lab of Metabolic Disease and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Ou-Yang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Lab of Metabolic Disease and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Lab of Metabolic Disease and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Lab of Metabolic Disease and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xie
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Lab of Metabolic Disease and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Key Lab of Metabolic Disease and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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145
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Sun JP, Xu TY, Ni XD, Yang XS, Hu JL, Wang SC, Li Y, Bahler RC, Wang JG. Echocardiographic strain in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. Echocardiography 2018; 36:257-265. [PMID: 30561121 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The myocardial structure differs between secondary left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We investigated left ventricular function of these two types of hypertrophy using multilayer strain analysis with two-dimensional echocardiography. METHODS Transthoracic echocardiography (Vivid-E9) was performed in 240 patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥50%) and with either HCM (n = 80, 63 men, age 49.8 ± 14.1 years), hypertensive LVH (n = 80, 63 men, age 51.4 ± 13.3 years) or normal blood pressure and left ventricular structure (n = 80, 63 men, 50.8 ± 12.4 years). Quantitative multilayer longitudinal strain (LS), circumferential strain (CS), and radial strain (RS) were analyzed. The ratio of endo-/epi-myocardial strain was calculated. RESULTS Longitudinal strain was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in HCM patients than normal controls (15.2 ± 4.2% vs 23.1 ± 2.7%), especially in hypertrophic segments (14.5 ± 4.4% vs 17.2 ± 3.2% in nonhypertrophic segments, P < 0.01). LS was lower in patients with hypertensive LVH, similarly in all left ventricular segments (20.7 ± 3.7%, P < 0.001 vs controls). CS was lower in the mid- and epicardium (P < 0.01), but not endocardium in HCM (P = 0.4), and preserved in all myocardial layers in hypertensive LVH. The endo-/epi-myocardial ratios of both LS and CS were higher in HCM than hypertensive LVH (P < 0.01). RS was higher (P < 0.01) in HCM than hypertensive LVH and controls. Endocardial CS and global RS were correlated with LVEF (r ≥ 0.32, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients had marked reductions in LS and CS, whereas patients with hypertensive LVH had less reduction in LS and preserved CS. The increased endo-/epi-myocardial ratios of LS and CS may be useful in differentiating HCM from hypertensive LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Center for Vascular Evaluations, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ting-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Center for Vascular Evaluations, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Da Ni
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun-Li Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Center for Vascular Evaluations, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert C Bahler
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ji-Guang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Center for Vascular Evaluations, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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146
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Zeglinski MR, Moghadam AR, Ande SR, Sheikholeslami K, Mokarram P, Sepehri Z, Rokni H, Mohtaram NK, Poorebrahim M, Masoom A, Toback M, Sareen N, Saravanan S, Jassal DS, Hashemi M, Marzban H, Schaafsma D, Singal P, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP, Akbari M, Dixon IM, Ghavami S, Gordon JW, Dhingra S. Myocardial Cell Signaling During the Transition to Heart Failure. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:75-125. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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147
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Naveed M, Han L, Hasnat M, Baig MMFA, Wang W, Mikrani R, Zhiwei L, Sembatya KR, Xie D, Zhou X. Suppression of TGP on myocardial remodeling by regulating the NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1460-1468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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148
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Raso A, Dirkx E, Philippen LE, Fernandez-Celis A, De Majo F, Sampaio-Pinto V, Sansonetti M, Juni R, El Azzouzi H, Calore M, Bitsch N, Olieslagers S, Oerlemans MIFJ, Huibers MM, de Weger RA, Reckman YJ, Pinto YM, Zentilin L, Zacchigna S, Giacca M, da Costa Martins PA, López-Andrés N, De Windt LJ. Therapeutic Delivery of miR-148a Suppresses Ventricular Dilation in Heart Failure. Mol Ther 2018; 27:584-599. [PMID: 30559069 PMCID: PMC6403487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is preceded by ventricular remodeling, changes in left ventricular mass, and myocardial volume after alterations in loading conditions. Concentric hypertrophy arises after pressure overload, involves wall thickening, and forms a substrate for diastolic dysfunction. Eccentric hypertrophy develops in volume overload conditions and leads wall thinning, chamber dilation, and reduced ejection fraction. The molecular events underlying these distinct forms of cardiac remodeling are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that miR-148a expression changes dynamically in distinct subtypes of heart failure: while it is elevated in concentric hypertrophy, it decreased in dilated cardiomyopathy. In line, antagomir-mediated silencing of miR-148a caused wall thinning, chamber dilation, increased left ventricle volume, and reduced ejection fraction. Additionally, adeno-associated viral delivery of miR-148a protected the mouse heart from pressure-overload-induced systolic dysfunction by preventing the transition of concentric hypertrophic remodeling toward dilation. Mechanistically, miR-148a targets the cytokine co-receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and connects cardiomyocyte responsiveness to extracellular cytokines by modulating the Stat3 signaling. These findings show the ability of miR-148a to prevent the transition of pressure-overload induced concentric hypertrophic remodeling toward eccentric hypertrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy and provide evidence for the existence of separate molecular programs inducing distinct forms of myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Raso
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Dirkx
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Leonne E Philippen
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amaya Fernandez-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Federica De Majo
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vasco Sampaio-Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marida Sansonetti
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rio Juni
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hamid El Azzouzi
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Calore
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Bitsch
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Servé Olieslagers
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martinus I F J Oerlemans
- Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manon M Huibers
- Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel A de Weger
- Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yolan J Reckman
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leon J De Windt
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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149
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Zhang M, Zhu P, Wang Y, Wu J, Yu Y, Wu X, Liu X, Gu Y. Bilateral sympathetic stellate ganglionectomy attenuates myocardial remodelling and fibrosis in a rat model of chronic volume overload. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1001-1013. [PMID: 30411499 PMCID: PMC6349216 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing sympathetic neurohormone expression is a key therapeutic option in attenuating cardiac remodelling. Present study tested the feasibility of attenuating cardiac remodelling through reducing sympathetic neurohormone level by partial cardiac sympathetic denervation in a rat model of chronic volume overload. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomized into sham group (S, n = 7), aortocaval fistula group (AV, n = 7), and aortocaval fistula with bilateral sympathetic stellate ganglionectomy group (AD, n = 8). After 12 weeks, myocardial protein expression of sympathetic neurohormones, including tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y, growth associated protein 43, and protein gene product 9.5, were significantly up‐regulated in AV group compared to S group, and down‐regulated in AD group. Cardiac remodelling was aggravated in AV group compared to S group and attenuated in AD group. The myocardial deposition of extracellular matrix, including collagen I and III, was enhanced in AV group, which was reduced in AD group. Myocardial angiotensin II and aldosterone expressions were significantly up‐regulated in AV group and down‐regulated in AD group. Our results show that bilateral sympathetic stellate ganglionectomy could attenuate cardiac remodelling and fibrosis by down‐regulating sympathetic neurohormones expression in this rat model of chronic volume overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zhang
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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150
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Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction is one of the most common obstetric conditions, affecting 7-10% of fetuses. Affected fetuses are actually exposed in utero to an adverse environment during the highly critical time of development and may face life-long health consequences such as increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Already in utero, fetuses affected by growth restriction show remodeled hearts with signs of systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Cardiovascular remodeling persist into postnatal life, from the neonatal period to adolescence, suggesting a primary fetal cardiac programming that might explain the increased cardiovascular risk later in life. In this review we summarize the current evidence on fetal cardiovascular programming in fetuses affected by growth restriction, its consequences later and possible strategies from which they could benefit to reduce their cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Crispi
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), ICGON, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesca Crovetto
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), ICGON, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eduard Gratacos
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), ICGON, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain.
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