101
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Jiang Y, Li Y, Ding Y, Dai X, Ma X, Bao L, Zhang Z, Li Y. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts prevent high glucose-induced endothelia dysfunction via PKC and NF-κB inhibition. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1493-503. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.991679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In our study, it has been detected in vivo and in vitro that GSPE reversed high glucose-induced the increase of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. It is shown that by western blotting detection, GSPE significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB induced by high glucose while there was significant decrease of the expression of PKC with GSPE intervention. By adding the NF-κB blocker PDTC and the PKC inhibitor peptide 19–31(10−6 M), no significant difference was found in the levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 among GSPE group, the PKC inhibitor peptide 19–31-added GSPE group and the PDTC-added GSPE group. So the conclusion could be drawn that PKC inhibition must be involved in GSPE decreasing the level of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.We proved for the first time that GSPE prevented high glucose-induced the increase of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by PKC and NF-κB inhibition. These findings show a novel mechanism of the action GSPE preventing endothelial dysfunction, which may have clinical application values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Center for Hygienic Assessment and Research, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotao Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Hassan HA, Edrees GM, El-Gamel EM, El-Sayed EA. Proanthocyanidin and fish oil potent activity against cisplatin-induced renal cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in rats. Ren Fail 2015; 37:1356-62. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1073528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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103
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Kumar S, Kumar D, Raina K, Agarwal R, Agarwal C. Functional modification of adipocytes by grape seed extract impairs their pro-tumorigenic signaling on colon cancer stem cells and the daughter cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10151-69. [PMID: 25294814 PMCID: PMC4259412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With global rise in obesity, it is imperative that we identify obesity-driven factors that increase growth and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), and also discover and develop agents with anti-CRC efficacy under obese conditions. Here in, we investigated grape seed extract (GSE), a well-defined agent with both preventive and anti-CRC efficacy, for its potential to impair pro-tumorigenic signaling of adipocytes on CRC/colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) and associated molecular mechanisms, to control CRC under obese conditions. GSE treatment significantly decreased the growth and invasion promoting effects of both mouse and human adipocytes on CRC cells. Moreover, GSE exerted a direct inhibitory effect, as well as it strongly reduced the growth promoting signals of adipocytes, on colon CSCs. These GSE effects were associated with a decrease in both mRNA and protein levels of various CSC-associated molecules. Notably, GSE effects on adipocytes were not due to changes in lipid content, but by inducing the ‘browning’ of adipocytes as evidenced by an increase in UCP-1 mRNA level and mitochondriogenesis. Together, these findings, for the first time, suggest the ability of GSE to induce ‘brown remodeling’ of white adipocytes, which causes functional modification of adipocytes thus impairing their pro-tumorigenic signals on colon CSCs/CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. Contributed equally and share first authorship
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. Contributed equally and share first authorship
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Safety assessment of Vitis vinifera (grape)-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2015; 33:48S-83S. [PMID: 25297908 DOI: 10.1177/1091581814545247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 24 Vitis vinifera (grape)-derived ingredients and found them safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics. These ingredients function in cosmetics mostly as skin-conditioning agents, but some function as antioxidants, flavoring agents, and/or colorants. The Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data to determine the safety of these ingredients. Additionally, some constituents of grapes have been assessed previously for safety as cosmetic ingredients by the Panel, and others are compounds that have been discussed in previous Panel safety assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monice M Fiume
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Daniel C Liebler
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F Alan Andersen
- Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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105
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Jia B, Liu X, Zhan J, Li J, Huang W. The Effect of Proanthocyanidins on Growth and Alcoholic Fermentation of Wine Yeast under Copper Stress. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M1319-24. [PMID: 25943145 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) derived from the grape skin, as well as from grape seeds, grape stems, are an important group of polyphenols in wine. The aim of this study was to understand the effect of PAs (0.1, 1.0 g/L) on growth and alcoholic fermentation of 2 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (commercial strain FREDDO and newly selected strain BH8) during copper-stress fermentation, using a simple model fermentation system. Our results showed that both PAs and Cu(2+) could pose significant inhibition effects on the growth of yeast cells, CO2 release, sugar consumption, and ethanol production during the initial phase of the fermentation. Compared to PAs, Cu(2+) performed more obvious inhibition on the yeast growth and fermentation. However, adding 1.0 g/L PAs increased in the vitality and metabolism activity of yeast cells at the mid-exponential phase of fermentation in the mediums with no copper and 0.1 mM Cu(2+) added, shortened the period of wine fermentation, and decreased the copper residues. It indicated that PAs could improve the ability of wine yeast to resist detrimental effects under copper-stress fermentation condition, maintaining cells metabolic activity, and fermentation could be controlled by manipulating PAs supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jia
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Xingyan Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.,College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural Univ, Sichuan Ya'an, 625000, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural Univ, Qingdao, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural Univ, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
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Alsaad AMS, Fox C, Koren G. Toxicology and teratology of the active ingredients of professional therapy MuscleCare products during pregnancy and lactation: a systematic review. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:40. [PMID: 25879694 PMCID: PMC4356057 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background The rates of muscle aches, sprains, and inflammation are significantly increased during pregnancy. However, women are afraid to use systemic analgesics due to perceptions of fetal risks. Thus, topical products are important alternatives to consider for those women. Of interest, Professional Therapy MuscleCare (PTMC) has shown to be effective in alleviating the myofascial pain as reported in a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blinded comparative clinical study of five topical analgesics. However, to date, there is no complete review or long-term safety studies on the safety of these products during pregnancy and lactation. Thus, the aim of this article was to review toxicological, developmental, and reproductive effects associated with the use of PTMC products. Methods We performed a systematic review on safety of PTMC from all toxicological articles investigating the effects of PTMC’s ingredients. This search was conducted through medical and toxicological databases including, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and Micromedix. Both reported and theoretical adverse effects were extensively reviewed. Results Of the 1500 publications reviewed, 100 papers were retrieved and included in the review. Although some ingredients in PTMC products might cause adverse reproductive effects at high systemic doses, these doses are hundreds to thousands fold greater than those systemically available from topical use at the recommended maximum dose (i.e. 10 g/day). Conclusions This study provides evidence that, when used as indicated, PTMC is apparently safe for pregnant women and their unborn babies as well as for breastfed infants.
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107
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Berry AC, Nakshabendi R, Abidali H, Atchaneeyasakul K, Dholaria K, Johnson C, Kishore VA, Baltz AC. Adverse Effects of Grape Seed Extract Supplement: A Clinical Case and Long-Term Follow-Up. J Diet Suppl 2015; 13:232-5. [PMID: 25688637 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2015.1008617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed extract (GSE) supplement use is becoming more popular today for its potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic role. We report a 49-year-old male who presented with recurrent nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and acute weakness following GSE use. A thorough medical workup ensued and no causes were identified clinically, procedurally, or with imaging. Symptoms resolved after GSE discontinuation and the patient remained symptom-free 5 years later. This case illustrates the paucity of documented detailed clinical cases and lack of controlled trials detailing a thorough and reproducible adverse effect profile of GSE supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Berry
- a 1 Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences , Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Rahman Nakshabendi
- b 2 Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville , Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Hussein Abidali
- c 3 Department of Medicine, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center , Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Kunakorn Atchaneeyasakul
- d 4 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin Dholaria
- e 5 Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Varsha A Kishore
- a 1 Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences , Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron C Baltz
- g 7 7GI Associates, Gastroenterology , Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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108
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Derry MM, Somasagara RR, Raina K, Kumar S, Gomez J, Patel M, Agarwal R, Agarwal C. Target identification of grape seed extract in colorectal cancer using drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) technique: role of endoplasmic reticulum stress response proteins. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2015; 14:323-36. [PMID: 24724981 DOI: 10.2174/1568009614666140411101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Various natural agents, including grape seed extract (GSE), have shown considerable chemopreventive and anti-cancer efficacy against different cancers in pre-clinical studies; however, their specific protein targets are largely unknown and thus, their clinical usefulness is marred by limited scientific evidences about their direct cellular targets. Accordingly, herein, employing, for the first time, the recently developed drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) technique, we aimed to profile the potential protein targets of GSE in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Unlike other methods, which can cause chemical alteration of the drug components to allow for detection, this approach relies on the fact that a drug bound protein may become less susceptible to proteolysis and hence the enriched proteins can be detected by Mass Spectroscopy methods. Our results, utilizing the DARTS technique followed by examination of the spectral output by LC/MS and the MASCOT data, revealed that GSE targets endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response proteins resulting in overall down regulation of proteins involved in translation and that GSE also causes oxidative protein modifications, specifically on methionine amino acids residues on its protein targets. Corroborating these findings, mechanistic studies revealed that GSE indeed caused ER stress and strongly inhibited PI3k-Akt-mTOR pathway for its biological effects in CRC cells. Furthermore, bioenergetics studies indicated that GSE also interferes with glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism in CRC cells. Together, the present study identifying GSE molecular targets in CRC cells, combined with its efficacy in vast pre-clinical CRC models, further supports its usefulness for CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, C238, Room V20-2118, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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109
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Zhao Y, Zhang H, Gao L. Anti-apoptotic Effect of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis in Rat Testis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University
| | - Hailian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University
| | - Liping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University
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110
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Beneficial effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in rabbits with steroid-induced osteonecrosis via protecting against oxidative stress and apoptosis. J Orthop Sci 2015; 20:196-204. [PMID: 25287583 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-014-0654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damage and apoptosis play dominant roles in the pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis (ON). Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) demonstrates antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Our aim was to demonstrate the effects of GSPE in preventing steroid-induced ON in rabbits. METHODS Osteonecrosis was induced by high-dose methylprednisolone (40 mg/kg). Rabbits in the preventive medicine group were treated with 100 mg/kg/day GSPE for 14 consecutive days, and the presence or absence of ON was examined histopathologically. Oxidative damage in bone tissue was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and activities of antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Apoptosis was detected via quantitative terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining and activated caspase 3 immunoblotting and activity. RESULTS GSPE significantly attenuated the changes of immunohistochemical staining of 8-OHdG, MDA levels, and antioxidant enzymes activities, which were caused by methylprednisolone administration. Quantitative TUNEL and caspase 3 assay showed lower apoptosis with GSPE application. Simultaneously, GSPE reduced the incidence of steroid-induced ON in an established rabbit model to 17.6 %, compared with 87.5 % in the steroid-only group. CONCLUSION These results reveal that GSPE treatment could inhibit oxidative damage and apoptosis to exert beneficial effects on reducing the incidence of steroid-induced ON in rabbit models.
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111
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Qu W, Shi S, Li P, Pan Z, Venkitasamy C. Extraction Kinetics and Properties of Proanthocyanidins from Pomegranate Peel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2014-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With an objective of developing a safe and efficient method to extract proanthocyanidins products from pomegranate peel for use in nutraceuticals or as food additives, the effects of extraction parameters on the production efficiency, product properties, and extraction kinetics were systematically studied. The results showed that both extraction temperature and water–material ratio had significant effects on the proanthocyanidins content, but the yield was significantly affected only by temperature. The moderate temperature and water–material ratio were beneficial to maintain high proanthocyanidins scavenging activity and good product quality. The second-order extraction and Arrhenius kinetic models were developed and successfully used to predict the proanthocyanidins yield for given conditions tested. Extraction temperature of 60°C, water–material ratio of 30:1 g g−1, and time of 10 min are recommended for proanthocyanidins extraction from pomegranate peel, which corresponded to the highest yield of 40.6 mg g−1 and content of 89.1 mg g−1 having a scavenging activity of 31.5 g g−1, and an attractive reddish yellow color.
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112
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Grape seed procyanidin B2 ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits apoptosis via the AMP-activated protein kinase-silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1-PPARγ co-activator-1α axis in rat mesangial cells under high-dose glucosamine. Br J Nutr 2014; 113:35-44. [PMID: 25404010 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451400347x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed procyanidin B2 (GSPB2), an antioxidative and anti-inflammatory polyphenol in grape seed, has been found to have protective effects on diabetic nephropathy. Based on its favourable biological activities, in the present study, we aimed to investigate whether GSPB2 could inhibit apoptosis in rat mesangial cells treated with glucosamine (GlcN) under high-dose conditions. The results showed that the administration of GSPB2 (10 μg/ml) significantly increased the viability of mesangial cells treated with GlcN at a dose of 15 mM. We found that GSPB2 inhibited apoptosis in mesangial cells using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphates (dUTP) nick-end labelling staining and flow cytometry technique (P< 0·05 for both). GSPB2 treatment also suppressed oxidative stress by elevating the activity of glutathione peroxidase (P< 0·05) and superoxide dismutase (P< 0·01), as well as prevented cellular damage. GSPB2 enhanced the mRNA expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial transcription factor A and mitochondrial DNA copy number in mesangial cells as determined by real-time PCR (P< 0·05 for each). Finally, GSPB2 treatment activated the protein expression of PPARγ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in mesangial cells. These findings suggest that GSPB2 markedly ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits apoptosis in rat mesangial cells treated with high-dose GlcN. This protective effect could be, at least in part, due to the activation of the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α axis.
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113
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Lei Y, Liu D, Ren X, Chen J. Potential of grape seed-derived polyphenols extract for protection against testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in castrated rats. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10968f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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114
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Park JC, Lee SH, Hong JK, Cho JH, Kim IH, Park SK. Effect of dietary supplementation of procyanidin on growth performance and immune response in pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:131-9. [PMID: 25049935 PMCID: PMC4093277 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of procyanidin on growth performance, blood characteristics, and immune function in growing pigs. In experiment 1 (Exp. 1), thirty-two crossbred pigs with an initial BW of 19.2±0.3 kg were allocated into 4 treatments for an 8-wk experiment: i) CON (basal diet), ii) MOS 0.1 (basal diet+0.1% mannanoligosaccharide), iii) Pro-1 (basal diet+0.01% procyanidin), and iv) Pro-2 (basal diet+0.02% procyanidin). Pigs fed Pro-1 and Pro-2 diets had greater (p<0.05) gain:feed ratio compared with those fed CON or MOS 0.1 diets. Serum creatinine concentration was less (p<0.05) in Pro-2 treatment than those in CON, MOS 0.1 and Pro-1 treatments. In Exp. 2, twelve pigs (BW 13.4±1.3 kg) received basal diet with i) 0 (CON), ii) 0.02% (Pro-0.02%), and iii) 0.04% procyanidin (Pro-0.04%) for 4 wk. Concentration of platelets was lower (p<0.05) in the Pro-0.04% group compared to CON at 24 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. In addition, secretion of cytokines from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the presence or absence of procyanidin was examined. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were lower (p<0.05) in Pro (LPS-stimulated PBMCs+procyanidin) than those in CON (LPS-stimulated PBMCs+PBS) at 4 h after LPS challenge. These data suggest that dietary addition of procyanidin improves feed efficiency and anti-inflammatory cytokines of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, R.D.A., Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, R.D.A., Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - J K Hong
- National Institute of Animal Science, R.D.A., Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - J H Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, R.D.A., Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - I H Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, R.D.A., Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - S K Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, R.D.A., Suwon 441-706, Korea
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115
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Evaluations of the mutagenicity of a pigment extract from bulb culture of Hippeastrum reticulatum. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:237-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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116
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Liu Y, Dusevich V, Wang Y. Addition of Grape Seed Extract Renders Phosphoric Acid a Collagen-stabilizing Etchant. J Dent Res 2014; 93:821-7. [PMID: 24935065 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514538972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies found that grape seed extract (GSE), which is rich in proanthocyanidins, could protect demineralized dentin collagen from collagenolytic activities following clinically relevant treatment. Because of proanthocyanidin's adverse interference to resin polymerization, it was believed that GSE should be applied and then rinsed off in a separate step, which in effect increases the complexity of the bonding procedure. The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of combining GSE treatment with phosphoric acid etching to address the issue. It is also the first attempt to formulate collagen-cross-linking dental etchants. Based on Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and digestion assay, it was established that in the presence of 20% to 5% phosphoric acid, 30 sec of GSE treatment rendered demineralized dentin collagen inert to bacterial collagenase digestion. Based on this positive result, the simultaneous dentin etching and collagen protecting of GSE-containing phosphoric acid was evaluated on the premise of a 30-second etching time. According to micro-Raman spectroscopy, the formulation containing 20% phosphoric acid was found to lead to overetching. Based on scanning and transmission electronic microscopy, this same formulation exhibited unsynchronized phosphoric acid and GSE penetration. Therefore, addition of GSE did render phosphoric acid a collagen-stabilizing etchant, but the preferable phosphoric acid concentration should be <20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - V Dusevich
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Y Wang
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Fernández-Iglesias A, Quesada H, Díaz S, Pajuelo D, Bladé C, Arola L, Salvadó MJ, Mulero M. Combination of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and docosahexaenoic acid-rich oil increases the hepatic detoxification by GST mediated GSH conjugation in a lipidic postprandial state. Food Chem 2014; 165:14-20. [PMID: 25038643 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ingestion of dietary lipids leads to oxidative stress. This postprandial oxidative stress may potentiate the adverse effects of postprandial hyperlipidaemia. Proanthocyanidins have been shown to alleviate oxidative stress and hypertriglyceridaemia associated with the postprandial state. Additionally, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) also have beneficial effects on lipoprotein metabolism and oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the possible additive effects in liver of an acute dose of grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) and oil rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-OR) on lipidic postprandial oxidative stress in Wistar rats. GSPE+DHA-OR modifies the hepatic antioxidant enzymatic activities (GST and GPx), clearly showing that this combination increases the detoxification of postprandial xenobiotics via the GST action mediated hepatic GSH conjugation. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that the combination of GSPE and DHA-OR ameliorate the transient imbalance between the lipid hydroperoxide level and antioxidant status related to a lipidic postprandial state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Fernández-Iglesias
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Helena Quesada
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sabina Díaz
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Pajuelo
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Josepa Salvadó
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Grup de Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Hassan HA, Edrees GM, El-Gamel EM, El-Sayed EA. Amelioration of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by grape seed extract and fish oil is mediated by lowering oxidative stress and DNA damage. Cytotechnology 2014; 66:419-29. [PMID: 23761012 PMCID: PMC3973798 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a chemotherapeutic drug used in treatment of malignancies. However, its clinical utility is limited by nephrotoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective role of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) (100 mg/kg/day) or fish oil (FO) (5 ml/kg/day) against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in terms of biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and DNA damage. CP nephrotoxiciy is manifested by increased levels of serum creatinine, urea and uric acid, accompanied by their decrease in urine. Na, K and Ca levels were altered in both serum and urine. In addition, cisplatin caused a decrease in renal GSH, SH-group, SOD, GST, and Na-K-ATPase levels. However the levels of MDA, H2O2 and NO were increased. Also, we assessed the renal genotoxic potential of cisplatin as manifested by an increase in the tail length of DNA, tail intensity (DNA %) and tail moment. On the other hand, administration of GSPE or FO pre-cisplatin treatment ameliorated the current changes in most of the above tested parameters, particularly oxidative stress, endogenous antioxidant defense system and DNA damage indicating their curative effect. Thus, it can be concluded that the consumption of GSPE or FO might be useful for preventing nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A Hassan
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt,
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119
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Singh M, Suman S, Shukla Y. New Enlightenment of Skin Cancer Chemoprevention through Phytochemicals: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies and the Underlying Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:243452. [PMID: 24757666 PMCID: PMC3976810 DOI: 10.1155/2014/243452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Skin overexposure to ultraviolet irradiations, chemicals, and several viruses has a capability to cause severe skin-related disorders including immunosuppression and skin cancer. These factors act in sequence at various steps of skin carcinogenesis via initiation, promotion, and/or progression. These days cancer chemoprevention is recognized as the most hopeful and novel approach to prevent, inhibit, or reverse the processes of carcinogenesis by intervention with natural products. Phytochemicals have antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and carcinogen detoxification capabilities thereby considered as efficient chemopreventive agents. Considerable efforts have been done to identify the phytochemicals which may possibly act on one or several molecular targets that modulate cellular processes such as inflammation, immunity, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Till date several phytochemicals in the light of chemoprevention have been studied by using suitable skin carcinogenic in vitro and in vivo models and proven as beneficial for prevention of skin cancer. This revision presents a comprehensive knowledge and the main molecular mechanisms of actions of various phytochemicals in the chemoprevention of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Singh
- Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Shankar Suman
- Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
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Özvural EB, Vural H. Which is the best grape seed additive for frankfurters: extract, oil or flour? JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:792-797. [PMID: 24122825 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape seed products (winery by-products) are valuable vegetable sources to enhance the quality of meat products. In this study, 21 treatments of frankfurters, in three different groups, including 0%, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% grape seed extract (GSE), 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% grape seed oil (GSO), and 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% grape seed flour (GSF) were produced in order to compare the differences among them during refrigerated storage for 90 days. RESULTS Increasing the level of GSO made the frankfurters lighter in color (P < 0.05). Lipid oxidation of all the 21 frankfurters were under the limit of deterioration (2.0 mg malonaldehite kg⁻¹ treatment) during 90 days' storage. However, increasing the amount of additives (GSE, GSO and GSF) led to a decrease in overall acceptability for each group. According to the general comparison of the three frankfurter groups in terms of lipid oxidation, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) values of the frankfurters including GSE and GSF were found to be similar, but the frankfurters containing GSO exhibited the highest lipid oxidation (P < 0.05). While the products including GSE were the most acceptable group in terms of overall acceptability, the group produced with GSF received the lowest points (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although the three grape seed products have partially undesirable effects on the sensory characteristics of the frankfurters, all these additives showed different positive influences in the production of frankfurters. The results showed that the group of frankfurters including GSE was the best of three different groups of products due to the lipid oxidation and overall acceptability results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Burçin Özvural
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cankiri Karatekin University, 18100, Merkez, Cankiri, Turkey
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A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study to evaluate the effect of whole grape extract on antioxidant status and lipid profile. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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122
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Protective effects of grape seed-derived procyanidin extract against carrageenan-induced abacterial prostatitis in rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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123
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Cheah KY, Howarth GS, Bastian SEP. Grape seed extract dose-responsively decreases disease severity in a rat model of mucositis; concomitantly enhancing chemotherapeutic effectiveness in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85184. [PMID: 24465501 PMCID: PMC3897410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucositis is a serious disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that results from cancer chemotherapy. We investigated the effects of increasing grape seed extract doses on the severity of chemotherapy in a rat model and its coincident impact on chemotherapeutic effectiveness in colon cancer cells. DESIGN Female Dark Agouti rats were gavaged with grape seed extract (400-1000 mg/kg) or water (day 3-11) and were injected intraperitoneally with 5-Fluorouracil (150 mg/kg) or saline (control) on day 9 to induce mucositis. Daily metabolic data were collected and rats were sacrificed on day 12. Intestinal tissues were collected for histological and myeloperoxidase analyses. Caco-2 cell viability was examined in response to grape seed extract in combination with 5-Fluorouracil by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay. RESULTS Compared with 5-Fluorouracil controls, grape seed extract (400-1000 mg/kg) significantly decreased the histological damage score (P<0.05) in the jejunum. Grape seed extract (1000 mg/kg) increased jejunal crypt depth by 25% (P<0.05) in 5-Fluorouracil treated rats compared to 5-Fluorouracil controls, and attenuated the 5-Fluorouracil -induced reduction of mucosal thickness (25%, P<0.05). Grape seed extract (600 mg/kg) decreased myeloperoxidase activity by 55% (P<0.01) compared to 5-Fluorouracil controls. Grape seed extract was more effective at ameliorating 5-Fluorouracil induced intestinal injury, with effects most pronounced in the proximal jejunum. Grape seed extract (10-25 ug/mL) significantly enhanced the growth-inhibitory effects of 5-Fluorouracil by 26% (P<0.05) in Caco-2 cells and was more potent than 5-Fluorouracil at 50-100 µg/mL. CONCLUSION Grape seed extract may represent a new therapeutic option to decrease the symptoms of intestinal mucositis while concurrently impacting on the viability of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Yeaw Cheah
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Gastroenterology, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gordon Stanley Howarth
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Gastroenterology, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Elaine Putnam Bastian
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Casanova E, Baselga-Escudero L, Ribas-Latre A, Arola-Arnal A, Bladé C, Arola L, Salvadó MJ. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and proanthocyanidins improve postprandial metabolic flexibility in rat. Biofactors 2014; 40:146-56. [PMID: 23983179 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia influences the development of atherosclerosis, which itself constitutes a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The introduction of bioactive compounds may prevent these deleterious effects. Proanthocyanidins are potent antioxidants that have hypolipidemic properties, while omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) stimulate fatty acid oxidation and gene expression programs, controlling mitochondrial functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute treatment of ω3 PUFAs and proanthocyanidins on the metabolic flexibility and lipid handling profiles in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of rats that were raised on diets, high in saturated fatty acids. For this, oil rich in docosahexaenoic (DHA-OR), grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE), or both substances (GSPE + DHA-OR) were administered with an overload of lard oil to healthy Wistar rats. Our results indicate that the addition of DHA-OR to lard oil increases insulin sensitivity and redirects fatty acids toward skeletal muscle, thereby activating fatty acid oxidation. We also observed an improvement in adipose mitochondrial functionality and uncoupling. In contrast, GSPE lowers lipidemia, prevents muscle reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and damage, furthermore, activates mitochondrial biogenesis and lipogenesis in adipose tissue. The addition of GSPE+DHA-OR to lard resulted in nearly all the effects of DHA-OR and GSPE administered individually, but the combined administration resulted in a more attenuated profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Casanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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125
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Mirkarimi M, Eskandarion S, Bargrizan M, Delazar A, Kharazifard MJ. Remineralization of artificial caries in primary teeth by grape seed extract: an in vitro study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2013; 7:206-10. [PMID: 24578818 PMCID: PMC3935551 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2013.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. Promoting remineralization is the ultimate goal of clinical prevention of caries lesion. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on artificial enamel caries in primary human teeth.
Materials and methods. Seventeen human sound primary incisors were sectioned mesiodistally. The tooth slices were placed in a demineralizing solution for 96 hours at 37ºC and 50% relative humidity to create lesions. The demineralized fragments of each tooth were randomly divided into two case (immersed in GSE solution in phosphate buffer for 8 days) and control (immersed in distilled water) groups. The samples were subsequently evaluated using a scanning electron microscope and a micro-hardness tester. Data were analyzed using independent t-test.
Results. The mean ± SD micro-hardness values for the case and control groups were 358.6±83.42 and 296.51± 69.41, respectively. Grape seed extract significantly increased the micro-hardness of the lesions (P=0.03). The morphology of GSE treated enamel was clearly different from that in the control group, and there were deposits of scaffolding insoluble complexes on the enamel surface.
Conclusion. GSE enhanced the remineralization process of artificial enamel lesions of primary teeth, and thus, might be considered an effective natural agent in non-invasive dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahkameh Mirkarimi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric dentistry, Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Za-hedan, Iran
| | - Solmauz Eskandarion
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Bargrizan
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Delazar
- Professor of Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kharazifard
- Phd Candidate of Epidemiology Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Furiga A, Roques C, Badet C. Preventive effects of an original combination of grape seed polyphenols with amine fluoride on dental biofilm formation and oxidative damage by oral bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:761-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Furiga
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (UMR 5503); Département Bioprocédés et Systèmes Microbiens; Université de Toulouse; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - C. Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (UMR 5503); Département Bioprocédés et Systèmes Microbiens; Université de Toulouse; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - C. Badet
- EA 4577; Unité de recherche Œnologie; Villenave d'Ornon France
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127
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Shrotriya S, Tyagi A, Deep G, Orlicky DJ, Wisell J, Wang XJ, Sclafani RA, Agarwal R, Agarwal C. Grape seed extract and resveratrol prevent 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide induced oral tumorigenesis in mice by modulating AMPK activation and associated biological responses. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:291-300. [PMID: 24243690 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Preventive measures against oral carcinogenesis are urgently warranted to lower the high morbidity and mortality associated with this malignancy worldwide. Here, we investigated the chemopreventive efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE) and resveratrol (Res) in 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced tongue tumorigenesis in C57BL/6 mice. Following 8 weeks of 4NQO exposure (100 µg/ml in drinking water), mice were fed with either control AIN-76A diet or diet containing 0.2% GSE (w/w) or 0.25% Res (w/w) for 8 subsequent weeks, while continued on 4NQO. Upon termination of the study at 16 weeks, tongue tissues were histologically evaluated for hyperplasia, dysplasia, and papillary lesions, and then analyzed for molecular targets by immunohistochemistry. GSE and Res feeding for 8 weeks, moderately decreased the incidence, but significantly prevented the multiplicity and severity of 4NQO-induced preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions, without any apparent toxicity. In tongue tissues, both 4NQO + GSE and 4NQO + Res treatment correlated with a decreased proliferation (BrdU labeling index) but increased apoptotic death (TUNEL-positive cells) as compared to the 4NQO group. Furthermore, tongue tissues from both the 4NQO + GSE and 4NQO + Res groups showed an increase in activated metabolic regulator phospho-AMPK (Thr172) and decreased autophagy flux marker p62. Together, these findings suggest that GSE and Res could effectively prevent 4NQO-induced oral tumorigenesis through modulating AMPK activation, and thereby, inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis and autophagy, as mechanisms of their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Shrotriya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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128
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Use of polyphenols in periodontal inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 720:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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129
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Chen Q, Zhang R, Li WM, Niu YJ, Guo HC, Liu XH, Hou YC, Zhao LJ. The protective effect of grape seed procyanidin extract against cadmium-induced renal oxidative damage in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:759-768. [PMID: 23958968 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As an important environmental pollutant, cadmium (Cd) can lead to serious renal damage. Grape seed procyanidins extract (GSPE), a biological active component of grape seed, has been shown to possess antioxidative effects. Here, we assessed the protective effect of GSPE on Cd-induced renal damage using animal experiment. After 30 days, the oxidative damage of kidney was evaluated through measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidation (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Since, oxidative stress could lead to apoptosis, the renal apoptosis was measured using flow cytometer. Moreover, the expression of apoptosis-related protein Bax and Bcl-2 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that Cd led to the decrease of SOD and GSH-Px activities, and the increase of MDA level, induced renal apoptosis. However, the coadministration of GSPE attenuated Cd-induced lipid peroxidation, and antagonized renal apoptosis, probably associated with the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. These data suggested that GSPE has protective effect against renal oxidative damage induced by Cd, which provide a potential natural chemopreventive agent against Cd-poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road 76, Xi'an, 710061 Shanxi, PR China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017 Hebei, PR China
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130
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Bansode RR, Randolph P, Ahmedna M, Hurley S, Hanner T, Baxter SAS, Johnston TA, Su M, Holmes BM, Yu J, Williams LL. Bioavailability of polyphenols from peanut skin extract associated with plasma lipid lowering function. Food Chem 2013; 148:24-9. [PMID: 24262521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peanut skin is a rich source of polyphenols including procyanidins and is shown to have hypolipidemic properties. This study investigated the bioavailability of peanut skin polyphenols using a rat model. First, the bioavailability of peanut skin polyphenols in rat plasma was evaluated. Our results showed procyanidin A2 levels in plasma peaked within 30 min of ingestion. The results of a second study show that peanut skin extract supplemented in addition to oil gavage resulted in significant decrease in plasma triglyceride and VLDL within 5h. In the third study, rats were given a Western type diet for 5 weeks with peanut skin extract at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight. The main effects observed were lowering of total blood lipid and reduction of the plasma fatty acids profile. Our results suggest that procyanidin A may impart a key role of hypolipidemic effect seen in peanut skin polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishipal R Bansode
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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131
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Li D, Baert L, Uyttendaele M. Inactivation of food-borne viruses using natural biochemical substances. Food Microbiol 2013; 35:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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132
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Abstract
A wide variety of phytochemicals, mostly flavonoids or polyphenolics, have been shown to possess anticarcinogenic activities. Among these are the grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs), which are the active ingredients of grape seed extract (GSE). Substantial in vitro and preclinical in vivo studies have shown the chemopreventive efficacy of GSPs against various forms of cancers in different tumor models. In this issue of the journal, Derry and colleagues show that administration of GSE in the diet reduces azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in an A/J mouse model. The results of this innovative and comprehensive study indicate that inhibition of azoxymethane-induced colon cancer by dietary GSE is mediated through the induction of apoptosis that is associated with alterations in microRNA (miRNA) and cytokine expression profiles as well as β-catenin signaling. Notably, the demonstration that miRNA expression is affected by dietary GSE suggests a novel underlying mechanism for the chemopreventive action of GSE in colon cancer and, potentially, other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Katiyar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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133
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Fujiwara K, Nakashima S, Sami M, Kanda T. Ninety-day dietary toxicity study of apple polyphenol extracts in Crl: CD (SD) rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:214-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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134
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Procyanidins inhibit tumor angiogenesis by crosslinking extracellular matrix. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 23:99-106. [PMID: 23483060 DOI: 10.1007/s11670-011-0099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Procyanidins (PC) are widely available natural polyphenols. The present study is designed to investigate if PC can inhibit angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma xenografts through crosslinking vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) and preventing proteolysis by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). METHODS Using the in vitro MMP-2 proteolysis and in vivo subcutaneous implantation models, we investigated if PC crosslinking inhibits MMP-mediated proteolysis. Using a cultured cell detachment assay, an in vitro angiogenesis assay, and a cell proliferation assay, we investigated if PC inhibits MMP-2-mediated endothelial cell detachment, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation, respectively. Using tumor xenografts, we evaluated if PC can inhibit growth of lung adenocarcinoma. RESULTS PC crosslink vascular ECM proteins, protecting them against proteolysis by MMPs in vitro and in vivo, protecting cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells from detachment by MMP-2, and inhibiting in vitro angiogenesis. However, PC (0.75-100 µg/ml) did not inhibit vascular and tumor cells proliferation. PC injections (30 mg PC/kg bodyweight) in situ had anticancer effects on xenografts of lung adenocarcinoma, most likely by inhibiting angiogenesis during ECM proteolysis by MMPs. CONCLUSION The results suggest that PC may be important MMP inhibitors that can be used as therapeutic anticancer agents.
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Razavi SM, Gholamin S, Eskandari A, Mohsenian N, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Delazar A, Rashtchizadeh N, Keshtkar-Jahromi M, Argani H. Red Grape Seed Extract Improves Lipid Profiles and Decreases Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Patients with Mild Hyperlipidemia. J Med Food 2013; 16:255-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Mostafa Razavi
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Gholamin
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ali Eskandari
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nakta Mohsenian
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Biothechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Delazar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Union Memorial Hospital, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hassan Argani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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136
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Sano A, Tokutake S, Seo A. Proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract reduces leg swelling in healthy women during prolonged sitting. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:457-462. [PMID: 22752876 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leg swelling is a modern-day affliction of sedentary working women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the intake of grape seed extract (GSE) on leg swelling in healthy Japanese women while sitting. RESULTS Single intake trials and 14 day intake trials were held in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical study. A prolonged sedentary position was maintained for 6 h after GSE or placebo administration. Leg volume distension, increase in body extracellular fluid, and leg water were significantly suppressed in the GSE groups. CONCLUSION The intake of GSE is a contributing factor in the inhibition of leg swelling in healthy women during prolonged sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sano
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Co., 399 Noda, Noda, Chiba, Japan.
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137
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Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Procyanidins Using Ionic Liquid Solution fromLarix gmeliniiBark. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/541037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction method has been developed for the effective extraction of procyanidins fromLarix gmeliniibark. So as to evaluate the performance of ionic liquids in ultrasonic-assisted extraction process, the effects caused by changes in the anion and the alkyl chain length of the cation on the extraction efficiency were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the characteristics of anions had remarkable effects on the extraction efficiency of procyanidins, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Bmim]Br) aqueous solution was the best among the investigated ionic liquids. The optimum conditions for the extraction were as follows: [Bmim]Br concentration 1.25 M, soak time 3 h, solid-liquid ratio 1 : 10, ultrasonic power 150 W, and ultrasonic time 30 min. This work not only introduces a simple, green, and highly efficient sample preparation method for extraction of procyanidins fromL. gmeliniibark, but also reveals the tremendous application potential of ionic liquids.
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138
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Cutts JK, Peavy TR, Moore DR, Prasain J, Barnes S, Kim H. Ovariectomy lowers urine levels of unconjugated (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin, and their methylated metabolites in rats fed grape seed extract. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2013; 16:129-38. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSteroid hormones modulate expression of enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics, including dietary supplements. Half of the human population undergoes menopause, yet the effect of this age-related loss of ovarian steroid hormones on the metabolism of dietary supplements has yet to be determined. Grape seed extract (GSE) is a dietary supplement comprised of monomeric and oligomeric catechins and has health benefits in models of age-related diseases. We hypothesized that surgically-induced loss of ovarian hormones would increase methylation, glucuronidation, and/or sulfation of the grape seed polyphenols (+)-catechin and (–)-epicatechin. Fourteen-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-OVX. At 17 weeks of age, SHRs were gavaged with vehicle (water) or GSE (300 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 6 days. Urinary excretion of (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin, and their metabolites was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although total urinary output of (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin, and their methylated metabolites was unaffected by OVX, the amounts of (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin and their methylated metabolites that were not conjugated with glucuronic acid or sulfate were lowered by OVX. Specifically, urine from OVX SHRs administered GSE contained 30% higher proportions (91.8% vs. 62.3%) of glucuronidated (+)-catechin and (–)-epicatechin and glucuronidated methyl (+)-catechin and methyl (–)-epicatechin than urine from sham-OVX SHRs. However, there were no differences in urinary levels of total methylated or sulfated catechins in OVX SHRs. This is the first quantitative characterization of metabolites of grape seed polyphenols in a model of menopause; it indicates that ovariectomy causes either an increase in expression and/or activity of select uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase(s).
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139
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Liu R, Wang LB, Huang RL, Su RX, Qi W, Yu YJ, He ZM. Self-assembled oligomeric procyanidin–insulin hybrid nanoparticles: a novel strategy for controllable insulin delivery. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:834-841. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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140
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Frevel MA, Pipingas A, Grigsby WJ, Frampton CM, Gilchrist NL. Production, composition and toxicology studies of Enzogenol® Pinus radiata bark extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4316-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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141
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Li D, Baert L, Zhang D, Xia M, Zhong W, Van Coillie E, Jiang X, Uyttendaele M. Effect of grape seed extract on human norovirus GII.4 and murine norovirus 1 in viral suspensions, on stainless steel discs, and in lettuce wash water. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:7572-8. [PMID: 22904060 PMCID: PMC3485726 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01987-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-norovirus (anti-NoV) effect of grape seed extract (GSE) was examined by plaque assay for murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), cell-binding reverse transcription-PCR for human NoV GII.4, and saliva-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human NoV GII.4 P particles, with or without the presence of interfering substances (dried milk and lettuce extract). GSE at 0.2 and 2 mg/ml was shown to reduce the infectivity of MNV-1 (>3-log PFU/ml) and the specific binding ability of NoV GII.4 to Caco-2 cells (>1-log genomic copies/ml), as well as of its P particles to salivary human histo-blood group antigen receptors (optical density at 450 nm of >0.8). These effects were decreased as increasing concentrations of dried milk (0.02 and 0.2%) or lettuce extract were added. Under an electron microscope, human NoV GII.4 virus-like particles showed inflation and deformation after treatment with GSE. Under conditions that simulated applications in the food industry, the anti-NoV effect of GSE using MNV-1 as a target organism was shown to be limited in surface disinfection (<1-log PFU/ml, analyzed in accordance with EN 13697:2001). However, a 1.5- to 2-log PFU/ml reduction in MNV-1 infectivity was noted when 2 mg of GSE/ml was used to sanitize water in the washing bath of fresh-cut lettuce, and this occurred regardless of the chemical oxygen demand (0 to 1,500 mg/ml) of the processing water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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142
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Boghdady NAE. Antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of proanthocyanidin and ginkgo biloba extract against doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 31:344-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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143
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Su X, Howell AB, D'Souza DH. Antibacterial effects of plant-derived extracts on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:573-8. [PMID: 22663188 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural chemicals have been reported to have antibacterial effects against a variety of bacteria. The present study evaluated the antibacterial effects of commercially available grape-seed extract (GSE), pomegranate polyphenols (PP), and lab-prepared cranberry proanthocyanidins (C-PAC) against two strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). GSE, PP, and C-PAC at concentrations of 2 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, or controls were mixed with equal volumes of overnight cultures of MRSA at ~6 log₁₀ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and incubated for 0, 1, 2, 8, and 24 h at 37°C. Treatments were neutralized/stopped using tryptic soy broth containing 3% beef extract. Serial dilutions of the treated MRSA strains and controls were spread-plated on trypticase soy agar and incubated for 24-48 h at 37°C and colonies were counted. Among the three tested agents, GSE at 1 and 5 mg/mL was found to be most effective against MRSA, resulting in a 2.9-4.0 log₁₀ CFU/mL reduction of both strains after 2 h at 37°C. PP at 1 and 5 mg/mL was found to cause 1.1-2.3 log₁₀ CFU/mL reduction, while C-PAC at 1 mg/mL caused <1 log₁₀ CFU/mL reduction of the two MRSA strains after 2 h at 37°C. All three extracts at the tested concentrations decreased the two MRSA strains to undetectable levels within 24 h, with the exception of 1 mg/mL PP for strain 33591. Scanning electron microscopy of MRSA after 2 h of treatment showed that GSE and PP caused bacterial cell wall alteration, with negligible effect observed by C-PAC treatment. However, the in vivo activity and clinical safety applications of GSE, PP, and C-PAC need to be evaluated before suggestion for use as a treatment/control measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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144
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Li J, Li J, Li S, He B, Mi Y, Cao H, Zhang C, Li L. Ameliorative effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on thioacetamide-induced mouse hepatic fibrosis. Toxicol Lett 2012; 213:353-60. [PMID: 22863721 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the effect of the grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on developing hepatic fibrosis that was induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in mice. Administration of TAA for 9 weeks led to a serious necrosis and apoptosis of the parenchymal cells, which resulted in an accumulation of excessive collagen in the liver and an increase of transformed hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In addition, the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as the marker of the activated HSCs, and α1-(I)-collagen were all up-regulated significantly when compared with the control. However, combined oral administration of GSPE at 100 mg/kg suppressed the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA, with decreased collagen accumulation as demonstrated by histomorphological evaluation and quantitative RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory factors, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was remarkably enhanced by TAA treatment. However, their levels displayed a down-regulated trend beyond simultaneous GSPE treatment. Moreover, GSPE administration markedly suppressed lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, as a plant antioxidant, GSPE manifested effective hepatocellular protective action to ameliorate the developing liver fibrosis induced by chronic TAA administration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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145
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De Groote D, Van Belleghem K, Devière J, Van Brussel W, Mukaneza A, Amininejad L. Effect of the intake of resveratrol, resveratrol phosphate, and catechin-rich grape seed extract on markers of oxidative stress and gene expression in adult obese subjects. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012; 61:15-24. [PMID: 22776850 DOI: 10.1159/000338634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preventive effect of resveratrol (RES) on the development of human diseases has been verified by numerous epidemiological studies. Resveratrol triphosphate (RTP) is a stable derivative of RES in which phosphate groups protect the phenolic groups. AIMS This study compared the effect of RTP on biochemical and molecular markers of oxidative stress to equimolar doses (0.66 mmol) of RES and catechin-rich grape seed extract (CGSE) in a model of oxidative and metabolic stress associated with obesity in humans. METHODS Thirty-two obese subjects (BMI between 30 and 40) were enrolled. They all received 1 capsule of placebo/day for 28 days before being randomly devised into three arms receiving 1 capsule/day of RES, CGSE, or RTP during the following consecutive 28 days. Blood samples were collected at baseline, after the end of placebo intake, and after the end of the investigational product intake. Biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and blood expression of 200 redox-related genes were determined at each time point. RESULTS RTP and CGSE showed better antioxidant activities compared to RES and induced important modulations of gene expression. CONCLUSION The results suggest that RTP and CGSE could contribute to a significant reduction of oxidative stress in obese subjects.
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146
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Lina BAR, Reus AA, Hasselwander O, Bui Q, Tenning PP. Safety evaluation of Evesse EPC, an apple polyphenol extract rich in flavan-3-ols. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2845-53. [PMID: 22609490 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The safety of the apple polyphenol extract EvesseEPC, which is rich in flavan-3-ols, particularly epicatechin, was evaluated. Both in a bacterial reverse mutation test and a mouse lymphoma assay, EvesseEPC showed a positive response in vitro. In vivo studies (UDS test in hepatocytes, bone marrow micronucleus test and comet assay in intestinal cells) were all negative and hence Evesse EPC is considered not to have genotoxic properties in vivo. In a 90-day study in rats, EvesseEPC was administered at dietary levels of 0%, 1.25%, 2% and 3.25%. Body weights were decreased in the high-dose group in both sexes without effects on feed or water intake. In the high-dose group, thrombocytes (males) and creatinine (both sexes) were decreased, prothrombin time (males) was increased, and liver, kidneys and spleen weights were increased (males), without histological correlates. Diffuse acinar cell hypertrophy, observed in the parotid salivary glands in all treatment groups, was not considered as adverse and presumably reflected a local, reversible and adaptive response to direct contact with EvesseEPC. The NOAEL for EvesseEPC in rats was 2% in the diet, equivalent to an overall average intake of 1.3 and 1.5 g/kg body weight/day for males and females, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A R Lina
- TNO Triskelion bv, PO Box 844, 3700 AV Zeist, The Netherlands.
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147
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Mahmoud YI. Grape seed extract attenuates lung parenchyma pathology in ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model: an ultrastructural study. Micron 2012; 43:1050-9. [PMID: 22609098 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing incidence of asthma and because of the non-specificity and side effects of the conventional drugs, the development of novel agents for the treatment of asthma has become considerably important. Natural plant products offer promising alternatives for the development of effective and safe treatments. Grape seed extract (GSE) is one such phytochemical supplement that has been shown to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of GSE to suppress lung parenchyma pathology and inflammation in ovalbumin-induced murine asthma model. Ovalbumin exposure was associated with many pathological and morphometric alterations in the lungs of asthmatic mice. The alterations involved alveolar size reduction, alveolar wall thickening, cellular infiltration and blood capillary congestion, as well as significant increase in the number of type II pneumocytes and lamellar bodies. However, GSE significantly ameliorated of the pathological changes of ovalbumin-induced asthma. The results support the possibility of GSE as an effective, safe anti-inflammatory dietary supplement to attenuate the pathogenicity of asthma. While these preliminary results appear promising, further studies are required to elucidate the precise mechanism of the modulatory effect of GSE on asthma remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna Ibrahim Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 11566, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt. yomna
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148
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Grape-seed procyanidins (GSPs) can inhibit cell proliferation and invasiveness in various human cancers. However, the effect of GSP on pancreatic carcinoma cells has not been investigated. METHODS Pancreatic carcinoma cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 treated with GSP were assessed for viability by trypan blue exclusion, for cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry, for increased apoptosis by annexin V labeling, for their adhesion and invasion potential by evaluating their ability to penetrate through a matrix gel-coated Boyden chamber, and for changes in the levels of proteins involved in cellular events by immunoblotting. RESULTS Grape-seed procyanidin inhibited MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced G1-phase arrest of the cell cycle in BxPC-3 or mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in MIA PaCa-2. Grape-seed procyanidin also inhibited the adhesion and invasion potential of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, which are associated with the suppression of metalloproteases matrix metalloproteinase 9 or 2 (MMP-9 or -2) expression. CONCLUSIONS Grape-seed procyanidin inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma cells by cell cycle blockage or apoptotic induction. The invasiveness was also suppressed by GSP through down-regulation of MMP-2 or MMP-9 in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Grape-seed procyanidin is a potential chemotherapeutic or preventive agent for pancreatic carcinoma.
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149
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Tang Q, Zou P, Jin H, Fu J, Yang J, Shang L, Wei X. Grape-seed proanthocyanidins ameliorate contact hypersensitivity induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and inhibit T cell proliferation in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2012; 210:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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150
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Wang M, Wang L, Pan XJ, Zhang H. Monocytic differentiation of K562 cells induced by proanthocyanidins from grape seeds. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:129-35. [PMID: 22297751 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Grape seeds procyanidins can inhibit the proliferation of some cancer cell lines and have strong antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether grape seeds procyanidins affect the proliferation and redifferentiation in K562 cells. The sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay and trypan blue staining were used to measure cell proliferation and survival. Morphological changes, NBT reductive activity, and surface antigens were used to detect redifferentiation of K562 cells. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) were detected by a fluorescent probe. Grape seeds procyanidins inhibited cell proliferation but the treatment did not appreciably increase lethality. After treatment with grape seeds procyanidins, a typical differentiated morphology was observed. The positive rate of CD11b and CD14 cells and NBT reductive activities increased significantly. As antioxidants, grape seeds procyanidins can induce arrest in the phase G1 and decrease iROS formation. All results indicate that the antioxidant grape seeds procyanidins are likely to induce monocytic differentiation in leukemia cells, mostly through decreasing iROS formation and inducing phase G1 arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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