101
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Schiemer R, Furniss D, Phang S, Seddon AB, Atiomo W, Gajjar KB. Vibrational Biospectroscopy: An Alternative Approach to Endometrial Cancer Diagnosis and Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094859. [PMID: 35563249 PMCID: PMC9102412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of death among women worldwide. Early detection and treatment are associated with a favourable prognosis and reduction in mortality. Unlike other common cancers, however, screening strategies lack the required sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to be successfully implemented in clinical practice and current diagnostic approaches are invasive, costly and time consuming. Such limitations highlight the unmet need to develop diagnostic and screening alternatives for EC, which should be accurate, rapid, minimally invasive and cost-effective. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques, Mid-Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy and Raman, exploit the atomic vibrational absorption induced by interaction of light and a biological sample, to generate a unique spectral response: a “biochemical fingerprint”. These are non-destructive techniques and, combined with multivariate statistical analysis, have been shown over the last decade to provide discrimination between cancerous and healthy samples, demonstrating a promising role in both cancer screening and diagnosis. The aim of this review is to collate available evidence, in order to provide insight into the present status of the application of vibrational biospectroscopy in endometrial cancer diagnosis and screening, and to assess future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Schiemer
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - David Furniss
- Mid-Infrared Photonics Group, George Green Institute for Electromagnetics Research, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (D.F.); (S.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Sendy Phang
- Mid-Infrared Photonics Group, George Green Institute for Electromagnetics Research, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (D.F.); (S.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Angela B. Seddon
- Mid-Infrared Photonics Group, George Green Institute for Electromagnetics Research, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (D.F.); (S.P.); (A.B.S.)
| | - William Atiomo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ketankumar B. Gajjar
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK;
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102
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Dokter E, Anderson L, Cho SM, Cohen-Hallaleh V, Lam KM, Saidi SA, Kitzing YX. Radiology-pathology correlation of endometrial carcinoma assessment on magnetic resonance imaging. Insights Imaging 2022; 13:80. [PMID: 35467253 PMCID: PMC9038982 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological cancer in developed countries. Most cases are low-volume/low-grade tumour at presentation; however, high-grade subtypes may present with locally advanced disease with higher propensity for spread outside of the pelvis. MRI has a role in local staging of the tumour and helping the clinicians in treatment decision making. This pictorial essay gives examples of endometrial carcinoma at different stages with histological correlation. It also explores the potential limitations and pitfalls of imaging in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Dokter
- Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lyndal Anderson
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Soo-Min Cho
- Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Violette Cohen-Hallaleh
- Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Kim May Lam
- Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Samir A Saidi
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Lifehouse Gynaecological Oncology Group, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yu Xuan Kitzing
- Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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103
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Njoku K, Barr CE, Crosbie EJ. Current and Emerging Prognostic Biomarkers in Endometrial Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:890908. [PMID: 35530346 PMCID: PMC9072738 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.890908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy in high income countries and its incidence is rising. Whilst most women with endometrial cancer are diagnosed with highly curable disease and have good outcomes, a significant minority present with adverse clinico-pathological characteristics that herald a poor prognosis. Prognostic biomarkers that reliably select those at greatest risk of disease recurrence and death can guide management strategies to ensure that patients receive appropriate evidence-based and personalised care. The Cancer Genome Atlas substantially advanced our understanding of the molecular diversity of endometrial cancer and informed the development of simplified, pragmatic and cost-effective classifiers with prognostic implications and potential for clinical translation. Several blood-based biomarkers including proteins, metabolites, circulating tumour cells, circulating tumour DNA and inflammatory parameters have also shown promise for endometrial cancer risk assessment. This review provides an update on the established and emerging prognostic biomarkers in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi Njoku
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe E. Barr
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Emma J. Crosbie,
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104
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Physiological Concentrations of Cimicifuga racemosa Extract Do Not Affect Expression of Genes Involved in Estrogen Biosynthesis and Action in Endometrial and Ovarian Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040545. [PMID: 35454133 PMCID: PMC9032045 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In postmenopausal women, estrogen levels exclusively depend on local formation from the steroid precursors dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and estrone sulfate (E1-S). Reduced estrogen levels are associated with menopausal symptoms. To mitigate these symptoms, more women nowadays choose medicine of natural origin, e.g., Cimicifuga racemosa (CR), instead of hormone replacement therapy, which is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, stroke, and pulmonary embolism. Although CR treatment is considered safe, little is known about its effects on healthy endometrial and ovarian tissue and hormone-dependent malignancies, e.g., endometrial and ovarian cancers that arise during menopause. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of CR on the expression of genes encoding E1-S transporters and estrogen-related enzymes in control and cancerous endometrial and ovarian cell lines. CR affected the expression of genes encoding E1-S transporters and estrogen-related enzymes only at very high concentrations, whereas no changes were observed at physiological concentrations of CR. This suggests that CR does not exert estrogenic effects in endometrial and ovarian tissues and probably does not affect postmenopausal women’s risks of endometrial or ovarian cancer or the outcomes of endometrial and ovarian cancer patients.
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105
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Ravegnini G, Gorini F, De Crescenzo E, De Leo A, De Biase D, Di Stanislao M, Hrelia P, Angelini S, De Iaco P, Perrone AM. Can miRNAs be useful biomarkers in improving prognostic stratification in endometrial cancer patients? An update review. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:1077-1090. [PMID: 34706070 PMCID: PMC9298718 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer, with annual incidence rates in Western countries ranging between 15 and 25 per 100 000 women. About 15% to 20% of patients with EC have high-risk disease and follow an aggressive clinical course. Unfortunately, the assessment of histologic parameters is poorly reproducible and conventional clinicopathological and molecular features do not reliably predict either the patient's response to the available treatments or the definition of personalized therapeutic approaches. In this context, the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, which can be integrated in the current classification schemes, represents an unmet clinical need and an important challenge. miRNAs are key players in cancer by regulating the expression of specific target genes. Their role in EC, in association with clinical and prognostic tumor biomarkers, has been investigated but, so far, with little consensus among the studies. The present review aims to describe the recent advances in miRNAs research in EC taking into consideration the current classification schemes and to highlight the most promising miRNAs. Finally, a perspective point of view sheds light on the challenges ahead in the landscape of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Eugenia De Crescenzo
- Division of Oncologic GynecologyIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMECUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty MedicineUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie GinecologicheUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie GinecologicheUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Marco Di Stanislao
- Division of Oncologic GynecologyIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMECUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Pierandrea De Iaco
- Division of Oncologic GynecologyIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMECUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie GinecologicheUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Anna Myriam Perrone
- Division of Oncologic GynecologyIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMECUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca delle Neoplasie GinecologicheUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
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106
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Mujammami M, Rafiullah M, Alfadda AA, Akkour K, Alanazi IO, Masood A, Musambil M, Alhalal H, Arafah M, Rahman AMA, Benabdelkamel H. Proteomic Analysis of Endometrial Cancer Tissues from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040491. [PMID: 35454982 PMCID: PMC9030544 DOI: 10.3390/life12040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common form of gynecological cancer. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of EC. Currently, no proteomic studies have investigated the role of diabetes in endometrial cancers from clinical samples. The present study aims to elucidate the molecular link between diabetes and EC using a proteomic approach. Endometrial tissue samples were obtained from age-matched patients (EC Diabetic and EC Non-Diabetic) during surgery. Untargeted proteomic analysis of the endometrial tissues was carried out using a two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF). A total of 53 proteins were identified, with a significant difference in abundance (analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, p ≤ 0.05; fold-change ≥ 1.5) between the two groups, among which 30 were upregulated and 23 downregulated in the EC Diabetic group compared to EC Non-Diabetic. The significantly upregulated proteins included peroxiredoxin-1, vinculin, endoplasmin, annexin A5, calreticulin, and serotransferrin. The significantly downregulated proteins were myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9, Retinol dehydrogenase 12, protein WWC3, intraflagellar transport protein 88 homolog, superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn], and retinal dehydrogenase 1. The network pathway was related to connective tissue disorder, developmental disorder, and hereditary disorder, with the identified proteins centered around dysregulation of ERK1/2 and F Actin signaling pathways. Cancer-associated protein alterations such as upregulation of peroxiredoxin-1, annexin 5, and iNOS, and downregulation of RDH12, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1, SOD1, and MYL 9, were found in the EC tissues of the diabetic group. Differential expression of proteins linked to cancer metastasis, such as the upregulation of vinculin and endoplasmin and downregulation of WWC3 and IFT88, was seen in the patients with diabetes. Calreticulin and alpha-enolase, which might have a role in the interplay between diabetes and EC, need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mujammami
- University Diabetes Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Rafiullah
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Assim A. Alfadda
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Khalid Akkour
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Ibrahim O. Alanazi
- The National Center for Biotechnology (NCB), Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohthash Musambil
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Hani Alhalal
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Maria Arafah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anas M. Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Center for Genome Medicine, Department of Clinical Genomics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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107
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Munakata S. Diagnostic value of endometrial cytology and related technology. Diagn Cytopathol 2022; 50:363-366. [PMID: 35302716 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cytology is not much popular in the world, but is commonly used in a few countries. Although cytomorphological evaluation of endometrial cytology is complicating, recent advance in technology helps improve diagnostic accuracy. In addition, new reporting system, The Yokohama System, has been introduced as a standard reporting system resembling The Bethesda System of the uterine cervical cytology. Although sample standardization is one of the causes in diagnostic problem, it was solved by liquid-based cytology (LBC) technology. In addition, standardized diagnostic algorithm by cytomorphological assessment of LBC samples, the Osaki Study Group (OSG) method, was recently proposed as a reliable and reproducible method. LBC can be utilized for ancillary methods. Application of immunocytochemistry and molecular technology on endometrial cytology samples has been studied to improve diagnostic accuracy. Recent progress of molecular technology has revealed many driver gene mutations in endometrial cancer and its precursors. Surprisingly, many studies revealed that even normal endometrial tissue had driver gene mutations. CONCLUSION Based on the recent advance in knowledge of molecular profile of endometrial lesions and normal endometrial tissue, endometrial cytology will gain much power in clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Munakata
- Department of Pathology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
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108
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Benbrook DM, Hocker JRS, Moxley KM, Hanas JS. Sera Protein Signatures of Endometrial Cancer Lymph Node Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063277. [PMID: 35328698 PMCID: PMC8954239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of lymph node metastases in endometrial cancer patients is a critical factor guiding treatment decisions; however, surgical and imaging methods for their detection are limited by morbidity and inaccuracy. To determine if sera can predict the presence of positive lymph nodes, sera collected from endometrial cancer patients with or without lymph node metastases, and benign gynecology surgical patients (N = 20 per group) were subjected to electron spray ionization mass spectrometry (ES-MS). Peaks that were significantly different among the groups were evaluated by leave one out cross validation (LOOCV) for their ability to differentiation between the groups. Proteins in the peaks were identified by MS/MS of five specimens in each group. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to predict pathways regulated by the protein profiles. LOOCV of sera protein discriminated between each of the group comparisons and predicted positive lymph nodes. Pathways implicated in metastases included loss of PTEN activation and PI3K, AKT and PKA activation, leading to calcium signaling, oxidative phosphorylation and estrogen receptor-induced transcription, leading to platelet activation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and senescence. Upstream activators implicated in these events included neurostimulation and inflammation, activation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Gβγ, loss of HER-2 activation and upregulation of the insulin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
- Gynecologic Oncology Section, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence: (D.M.B.); (J.R.S.H.); Tel.: +1-405-271-5523 (D.M.B.)
| | - James Randolph Sanders Hocker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Correspondence: (D.M.B.); (J.R.S.H.); Tel.: +1-405-271-5523 (D.M.B.)
| | - Katherine Marie Moxley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Jay S. Hanas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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109
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The histological type of endometrial cancer is not associated with menopause status at diagnosis. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230977. [PMID: 35237786 PMCID: PMC8935384 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest evidence suggests that type 2 endometrial cancer may not be completely estrogen-independent, indicating that the status of hormonal change may not be associated with the traditional classification of endometrial cancer, including the histological subtypes. however, this has not been investigated. Menopause is commonly considered a state of hormonal change in women. In this study, we investigated the association of menopause with the histological types of endometrial cancer. Data on the histological type, menopause status at diagnosis, age at diagnosis, parity, body mass index (BMI), and overall survival rate from 2,122 cases were collected. The difference in risk in developing type 1 or type 2 endometrial cancer between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients was 5.457%. A statistical difference in the association of menopause with the histological types between the two groups was seen in endometrioid and serous carcinoma, with a risk difference of 5.6% or 3.8%. A statistical difference in the association of menopause with parity between the groups was only seen in endometrioid and adenosquamous carcinoma, with a risk difference of 7.1% or 3.7%. However, BMI was not associated with histological type and the overall survival rate was not associated with menopause (p=0.764). We reported a relatively small difference in the association of menopause with type 1 or type 2, or the histological types of endometrial cancer. The survival rate was not associated with menopause. Our study suggests that menopause status at diagnosis was not strongly associated with the histological subtypes of endometrial cancer.
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110
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Ding H, Jiang F, Deng L, Wang J, Wang P, Ji M, Li J, Shi W, Pei Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Li B. Prediction of Clinical Outcome in Endometrial Carcinoma Based on a 3-lncRNA Signature. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:814456. [PMID: 35178403 PMCID: PMC8844015 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.814456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the common gynecological cancers with increasing incidence and revived mortality recently. Given the heterogeneity of tumors and the complexity of lncRNAs, a panel of lncRNA biomarkers might be more precise and stable for prognosis. In the present study, we developed a new lncRNA model to predict the prognosis of patients with EC. EC-associated differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Univariate COX regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model were selected to find the 8-independent prognostic lncRNAs of EC patient. Furthermore, the risk score of the 3-lncRNA signature for overall survival (OS) was identified as CTD-2377D24.6 expression × 0.206 + RP4-616B8.5 × 0.341 + RP11-389G6.3 × 0.343 by multivariate Cox regression analysis. According to the median cutoff value of this prognostic signature, the EC samples were divided into two groups, high-risk set (3-lncRNAs at high levels) and low-risk set (3-lncRNAs at low levels), and the Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated that the low-risk set had a higher survival rate than the high-risk set. In addition, the 3-lncRNA signature was closely linked with histological subtype (p = 0.0001), advanced clinical stage (p = 0.011), and clinical grade (p < 0.0001) in EC patients. Our clinical samples also confirmed that RP4-616B8.5, RP11-389G6.3, and CTD-2377D24.6 levels were increased in tumor tissues by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Intriguingly, the p-value of combined 3-lncRNAs was lower than that of each lncRNA, indicating that the 3-lncRNA signature also showed higher performance in EC tissue than paracancerous. Functional analysis revealed that cortactin might be involved in the mechanism of 3-lncRNA signatures. These findings provide the first hint that a panel of lncRNAs may play a critical role in the initiation and metastasis of EC, indicating a new signature for early diagnosis and therapeutic strategy of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Ding
- Deparment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Deparment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mintao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Deparment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yufang Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Deparment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Deparment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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111
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Ferrer AI, Einstein E, Morelli SS. Bone Marrow-Derived Cells in Endometrial Cancer Pathogenesis: Insights from Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040714. [PMID: 35203363 PMCID: PMC8869947 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer, representing 3.5% of all new cancer cases in the United States. Abnormal stem cell-like cells, referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), reside in the endometrium and possess the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into cancer progenitors, leading to tumor progression. Herein we review the role of the endometrial microenvironment and sex hormone signaling in sustaining EC progenitors and potentially promoting dormancy, a cellular state characterized by cell cycle quiescence and resistance to conventional treatments. We offer perspective on mechanisms by which bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) within the endometrial microenvironment could promote endometrial CSC (eCSC) survival and/or dormancy. Our perspective relies on the well-established example of another sex hormone-driven cancer, breast cancer, in which the BM microenvironment plays a crucial role in acquisition of CSC phenotype and dormancy. Our previous studies demonstrate that BMDCs migrate to the endometrium and express sex hormone (estrogen and progesterone) receptors. Whether the BM is a source of eCSCs is unknown; alternatively, crosstalk between BMDCs and CSCs within the endometrial microenvironment could be an additional mechanism supporting eCSCs and tumorigenesis. Elucidating these mechanisms will provide avenues to develop novel therapeutic interventions for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra I. Ferrer
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.I.F.); (E.E.)
- School of Graduate Studies Newark, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ella Einstein
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.I.F.); (E.E.)
| | - Sara S. Morelli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Correspondence:
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112
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Zhou Y, Pan A, Zhang Y, Li X. Hsa_circ_0039569 facilitates the progression of endometrial carcinoma by targeting the miR-197/high mobility group protein A1 axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4212-4225. [PMID: 35130798 PMCID: PMC8973714 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2027060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs are novel regulators in endometrial carcinoma. Hsa_circ_0039569 was reportedly upregulated in endometrial carcinoma; however, the functional roles and mechanisms of hsa_circ_0039569 need further investigation. Therefore, we used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR) to determine the mRNA levels of hsa_circ_0039569, miR-197 and high mobility group protein A1 (HMGA1). The protein level of HMGA1 was determined by Western blot. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were used to assess cell proliferation. Cell migration was measured via wound healing and Transwell assays. Transwell assay was also performed to determine cell invasion ability. Direct binding of the indicated molecules were verified by RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and dual luciferase reporter assay. The results revealed that hsa_circ_0039569 and HMGA1 were elevated, while miR-197 was downregulated in endometrial carcinoma. Moreover, hsa_circ_0039569 was positively correlated with the expression of HMGA1 and was negatively correlated with the level of miR-197. In addition, hsa_circ_0039569 facilitated the proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial carcinoma cells. The underlying mechanism is that hsa_circ_0039569 serves as a sponge of miR-197 to repress the inhibitory effect of miR-197 on HMGA1. Furthermore, the miR-197/HMGA1 axis was implicated in endometrial carcinoma progression accelerated by hsa_circ_0039569. Collectively, hsa_circ_0039569 may promote the development of endometrial carcinoma by serving as an endogenous sponge of miR-197, increasing HMGA1 expression and identifying a novel target for endometrial carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Third Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Anyi Pan
- Third Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- Third Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Madeddu C, Sanna E, Gramignano G, Tanca L, Cherchi MC, Mola B, Petrillo M, Macciò A. Correlation of Leptin, Proinflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress with Tumor Size and Disease Stage of Endometrioid (Type I) Endometrial Cancer and Review of the Underlying Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020268. [PMID: 35053431 PMCID: PMC8773675 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrioid endometrial cancer is associated with increased BMI and obesity through multiple pathogenetic mechanisms involving hyperestrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, altered adipokine secretion, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between BMI, leptin, the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the traditional prognostic factors T, G, N and M status among type I endometrioid and type II endometrial cancer patients. We enrolled 305 consecutive endometrial cancer patients prospectively. We found that BMI, leptin, and IL-6 significantly correlated with T status, N status, and M status among endometrioid type I endometrial cancer patients. Among type II endometrial cancer patients, BMI and leptin did not correlate with any of the prognostic parameters, whereas there was a positive correlation between IL-6 and the presence of distant metastases. In the multivariate regression analysis, BMI, leptin, and IL-6 were independent predictive variables of T, N, and M status in endometrioid type I endometrial cancer patients. Our study demonstrates that weight gain, adiposity-related adipokines, inflammation, and oxidative stress correlate with the prognostic factors of endometrioid endometrial cancer. Knowledge of the role of obesity-related biological pathways and mediators in the pathogenesis and prognosis of endometrioid endometrial malignancies may offer new perspectives on combined therapeutic strategies that have not been explored to date, both in the advanced disease and in the adjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Madeddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Sanna
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS G. Brotzu, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Giulia Gramignano
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Gavino Hospital, 09037 San Gavino, Italy;
| | - Luciana Tanca
- Medical Oncology Unit, A. Businco Hospital, ARNAS G Brotzu, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (L.T.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Cherchi
- Medical Oncology Unit, A. Businco Hospital, ARNAS G Brotzu, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (L.T.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Brunella Mola
- Hematology and Transplant Center, A. Businco Hospital, ARNAS G. Brotzu, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Marco Petrillo
- Gynecologic and Obstetric Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Macciò
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS G. Brotzu, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-07-0675-4228
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114
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Immuno-Oncology for Gynecologic Malignancies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1342:193-232. [PMID: 34972966 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-79308-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced and/or recurrent gynecologic cancers derive limited benefit from currently available cytotoxic and targeted therapies. Successes of immunotherapy in other difficult-to-treat malignancies such as metastatic melanoma and advanced lung cancer have led to intense interest in clinical testing of these treatments in patients with gynecologic cancers. Currently, in the realm of gynecologic oncology, the FDA-approved use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited to microsatellite instability-high cancers, cancers with high tumor mutational burden, and PD-L1-positive cervical cancer. However, there has been an exponential growth of clinical trials testing immunotherapy approaches both alone and in combination with chemotherapy and/or targeted agents in patients with gynecologic cancers. This chapter will review some of the major reported and ongoing immunotherapy clinical trials in patients with endometrial, cervical, and epithelial ovarian cancer.
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115
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Maru Y, Hippo Y. Two-Way Development of the Genetic Model for Endometrial Tumorigenesis in Mice: Current and Future Perspectives. Front Genet 2021; 12:798628. [PMID: 34956336 PMCID: PMC8696168 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.798628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract worldwide. Although comprehensive genomic analyses of EC have already uncovered many recurrent genetic alterations and deregulated signaling pathways, its disease model has been limited in quantity and quality. Here, we review the current status of genetic models for EC in mice, which have been developed in two distinct ways at the level of organisms and cells. Accordingly, we first describe the in vivo model using genetic engineering. This approach has been applied to only a subset of genes, with a primary focus on Pten inactivation, given that PTEN is the most frequently altered gene in human EC. In these models, the tissue specificity in genetic engineering determined by the Cre transgenic line has been insufficient. Consequently, the molecular mechanisms underlying EC development remain poorly understood, and preclinical models are still limited in number. Recently, refined Cre transgenic mice have been created to address this issue. With highly specific gene recombination in the endometrial cell lineage, acceptable in vivo modeling of EC development is warranted using these Cre lines. Second, we illustrate an emerging cell-based model. This hybrid approach comprises ex vivo genetic engineering of organoids and in vivo tumor development in immunocompromised mice. Although only a few successful cases have been reported as proof of concept, this approach allows quick and comprehensive analysis, ensuring a high potential for reconstituting carcinogenesis. Hence, ex vivo/in vivo hybrid modeling of EC development and its comparison with corresponding in vivo models may dramatically accelerate EC research. Finally, we provide perspectives on future directions of EC modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maru
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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Co-existing TP53 and ARID1A mutations promote aggressive endometrial tumorigenesis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009986. [PMID: 34941867 PMCID: PMC8741038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 and ARID1A are frequently mutated across cancer but rarely in the same primary tumor. Endometrial cancer has the highest TP53-ARID1A mutual exclusivity rate. However, the functional relationship between TP53 and ARID1A mutations in the endometrium has not been elucidated. We used genetically engineered mice and in vivo genomic approaches to discern both unique and overlapping roles of TP53 and ARID1A in the endometrium. TP53 loss with oncogenic PIK3CAH1047R in the endometrial epithelium results in features of endometrial hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma, and intraepithelial carcinoma. Mutant endometrial epithelial cells were transcriptome profiled and compared to control cells and ARID1A/PIK3CA mutant endometrium. In the context of either TP53 or ARID1A loss, PIK3CA mutant endometrium exhibited inflammatory pathway activation, but other gene expression programs differed based on TP53 or ARID1A status, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Gene expression patterns observed in the genetic mouse models are reflective of human tumors with each respective genetic alteration. Consistent with TP53-ARID1A mutual exclusivity, the p53 pathway is activated following ARID1A loss in the endometrial epithelium, where ARID1A normally directly represses p53 pathway genes in vivo, including the stress-inducible transcription factor, ATF3. However, co-existing TP53-ARID1A mutations led to invasive adenocarcinoma associated with mutant ARID1A-driven ATF3 induction, reduced apoptosis, TP63+ squamous differentiation and invasion. These data suggest TP53 and ARID1A mutations drive shared and distinct tumorigenic programs in the endometrium and promote invasive endometrial cancer when existing simultaneously. Hence, TP53 and ARID1A mutations may co-occur in a subset of aggressive or metastatic endometrial cancers, with ARID1A loss promoting squamous differentiation and the acquisition of invasive properties. Endometrial cancer is the most commonly diagnosed gynecologic malignancy in the United States, with annual incidence continuing to rise. Although the majority of endometrial cancer patients have an excellent overall prognosis if the disease is confined to the endometrium, myometrial invasion and metastasis to other sites correlate with poor survival. Here, we used genetically engineered mice, in vivo genomics, and public cancer patient data to understand the relationship between TP53 and ARID1A, two of the most commonly mutated genes in endometrial cancer, in the context of mutant PIK3CA. Mutations in TP53 and ARID1A change different aspects of endometrial cell health but also share some similarities. ARID1A mutations specifically promote cancer cells to invade nearby tissue, a hallmark of metastasis, associated with squamous differentiation. Mice with co-existing TP53 and ARID1A mutations developed more invasive disease. Our studies suggest that co-existing TP53 and ARID1A tumor mutations may promote invasion and metastasis.
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117
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Wu ZS, Huang SM, Wang YC. Palmitate Enhances the Efficacy of Cisplatin and Doxorubicin against Human Endometrial Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010080. [PMID: 35008502 PMCID: PMC8744704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer worldwide. At present there is no effective screening test for its early detection and no curative treatment for women with advanced-stage or recurrent disease. Overexpression of fatty acid synthase is a common molecular feature of a subgroup of sex steroid-related cancers associated with poor prognoses, including endometrial cancers. Disruption of this fatty acid synthesis leads to cell apoptosis, making it a potential therapeutic target. The saturated fatty acid palmitate reportedly induces lipotoxicity and cell death by inducing oxidative stress in many cell types. Here, we explored the effects of palmitate combined with doxorubicin or cisplatin in the HEC-1-A and RL95-2 human endometrial cancer cell lines. The results showed that physiological concentrations of exogenous palmitate significantly increased cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, autophagy, and apoptosis in both RL95-2 and HEC-1-A cells. It also increased the chemosensitivity of both cell types. Notably, we did not observe that palmitate lipotoxicity reflected increased levels of reactive oxygen species, suggesting palmitate acts via a different mechanism in endometrial cancer. This study thus provides a potential therapeutic strategy in which palmitate is used as an adjuvant in the treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Syuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan; (Z.-S.W.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan; (Z.-S.W.); (S.-M.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan; (Z.-S.W.); (S.-M.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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118
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Roškar L, Roškar I, Rižner TL, Smrkolj Š. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Values of Angiogenic Factors in Endometrial Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010007. [PMID: 35053155 PMCID: PMC8773847 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecological malignancy in developed countries and requires a relatively invasive diagnostic evaluation and operative therapy as the primary therapeutic approach. Angiogenesis is one of the main processes needed for cancer growth and spread. The production of angiogenic factors (AFs) appears early in the process of carcinogenesis. The detection of AFs in plasma and tissue and a better understanding of the angiogenic properties of EC may contribute not only to earlier but also more specific diagnosis and consequently tailored and individual therapeutic approaches. AFs and their receptors also have high potential as binding sites for targeted cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss angiogenesis in EC and the characteristics of the AFs that most contribute to angiogenesis in EC. We also highlight therapeutic strategies that target angiogenesis as potential EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Roškar
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Irena Roškar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.R.); (T.L.R.)
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.R.); (T.L.R.)
| | - Špela Smrkolj
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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119
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Cho-Clark MJ, Sukumar G, Vidal NM, Raiciulescu S, Oyola MG, Olsen C, Mariño-Ramírez L, Dalgard CL, Wu TJ. Comparative transcriptome analysis between patient and endometrial cancer cell lines to determine common signaling pathways and markers linked to cancer progression. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2500-2513. [PMID: 34966482 PMCID: PMC8711572 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer (EC) in the United States calls for an improved understanding of the disease's progression. Current methodologies for diagnosis and treatment rely on the use of cell lines as models for tumor biology. However, due to inherent heterogeneity and differential growing environments between cell lines and tumors, these comparative studies have found little parallels in molecular signatures. As a consequence, the development and discovery of preclinical models and reliable drug targets are delayed. In this study, we established transcriptome parallels between cell lines and tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with the use of optimized normalization methods. We identified genes and signaling pathways associated with regulating the transformation and progression of EC. Specifically, the LXR/RXR activation, neuroprotective role for THOP1 in Alzheimer's disease, and glutamate receptor signaling pathways were observed to be mostly downregulated in advanced cancer stage. While some of these highlighted markers and signaling pathways are commonly found in the central nervous system (CNS), our results suggest a novel function of these genes in the periphery. Finally, our study underscores the value of implementing appropriate normalization methods in comparative studies to improve the identification of accurate and reliable markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine J. Cho-Clark
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gauthaman Sukumar
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Newton Medeiros Vidal
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Sorana Raiciulescu
- Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mario G. Oyola
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Cara Olsen
- Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Clifton L. Dalgard
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - T. John Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Holcakova J, Bartosik M, Anton M, Minar L, Hausnerova J, Bednarikova M, Weinberger V, Hrstka R. New Trends in the Detection of Gynecological Precancerous Lesions and Early-Stage Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6339. [PMID: 34944963 PMCID: PMC8699592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and early diagnostics of precancerous stages are key aspects of contemporary oncology. In cervical cancer, well-organized screening and vaccination programs, especially in developed countries, are responsible for the dramatic decline of invasive cancer incidence and mortality. Cytological screening has a long and successful history, and the ongoing implementation of HPV triage with increased sensitivity can further decrease mortality. On the other hand, endometrial and ovarian cancers are characterized by a poor accessibility to specimen collection, which represents a major complication for early diagnostics. Therefore, despite relatively promising data from evaluating the combined effects of genetic variants, population screening does not exist, and the implementation of new biomarkers is, thus, necessary. The introduction of various circulating biomarkers is of potential interest due to the considerable heterogeneity of cancer, as highlighted in this review, which focuses exclusively on the most common tumors of the genital tract, namely, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. However, it is clearly shown that these malignancies represent different entities that evolve in different ways, and it is therefore necessary to use different methods for their diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Holcakova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Martin Bartosik
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Milan Anton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Lubos Minar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Jitka Hausnerova
- Department of Pathology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Marketa Bednarikova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Vit Weinberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
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Pharmacological Treatment of Advanced, Persistent or Metastatic Endometrial Cancer: State of the Art and Perspectives of Clinical Research for the Special Issue "Diagnosis and Management of Endometrial Cancer". Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246155. [PMID: 34944775 PMCID: PMC8699529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) not suitable for surgery and/or radiotherapy are candidates for pharmacological treatment frequently with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. The purpose of this paper was to review the results obtained with chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biological agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors in this clinical setting. The combination of carboplatin (CBDCA) + paclitaxel (PTX) is the standard first-line chemotherapy capable of achieving objective response rates (ORRs) of 43-62%, a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 5.3-15 months and a median overall survival (OS) of 13.2-37.0 months, respectively, whereas hormonal therapy is sometimes used in selected patients with slow-growing steroid receptor-positive EC. The combination of endocrine therapy with m-TOR inhibitors or cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors is currently under evaluation. Disappointing ORRs have been associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, HER-2 inhibitors and multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors used as single agents, and clinical trials evaluating the addition of bevacizumab to CBDCA + PTX have reported conflicting results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, and especially pembrolizumab and dostarlimab, have achieved an objective response in 27-47% of highly pretreated patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)/mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient (-d) EC. In a recent study, the combination of lenvatinib + pembrolizumab produced a 24-week response rate of 38% in patients with highly pretreated EC, ranging from 64% in patients with MSI-H/MMR-d to 36% in those with microsatellite stable/MMR-proficient tumors. Four trials are currently investigating the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to PTX + CBDCA in primary advanced or recurrent EC, and two trials are comparing pembrolizumab + lenvatinib versus either CBDCA + PTX as a first-line treatment of advanced or recurrent EC or versus single-agent chemotherapy in advanced, recurrent or metastatic EC after one prior platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Yuan Y, Chen Z, Cai X, He S, Li D, Zhao W. Identification of Hub Genes Correlated With Poor Prognosis for Patients With Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:766947. [PMID: 34868993 PMCID: PMC8639584 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.766947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (UCEC) is one of the most common malignancies of the female genital tract and there remains a major public health problem. Although significant progress has been made in explaining the progression of UCEC, it is still warranted that molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis of UCEC are to be elucidated. The aim of the current study was to investigate key modules and hub genes related to UCEC pathogenesis, and to explore potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for UCEC. The RNA-seq dataset and corresponding clinical information for UCEC patients were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between 23 paired UCEC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Subsequently, the co-expression network of DEGs was determined via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The Blue and Brown modules were identified to be significantly positively associated with neoplasm histologic grade. The highly connected genes of the two modules were then investigated as potential key factors related to tumor differentiation. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for all genes in the two modules was constructed to obtain key modules and nodes. 10 genes were identified by both WGCNA and PPI analyses, and it was shown by Kaplan-Meier curve analysis that 6 out of the 10 genes were significantly negatively related to the 5-year overall survival (OS) in patients (AURKA, BUB1, CDCA8, DLGAP5, KIF2C, TPX2). Besides, according to the DEGs from the two modules, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-TF-mRNA networks were constructed to explore the molecular mechanism of UCEC-related lncRNAs. 3 lncRNAs were identified as being significantly negatively related to the 5-year OS (AC015849.16, DUXAP8 and DGCR5), with higher expression in UCEC tissues compared to non-tumor tissues. Finally, quantitative Real-time PCR was applied to validate the expression patterns of hub genes. Cell proliferation and colony formation assays, as well as cell cycle distribution and apoptosis analysis, were performed to test the effects of representative hub genes. Altogether, this study not only promotes our understanding of the molecular mechanisms for the pathogenesis of UCEC but also identifies several promising biomarkers in UCEC development, providing potential therapeutic targets for UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengzheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xushan Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiading District, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxiang He
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Aravantinou-Fatorou A, Andrikopoulou A, Liontos M, Fiste O, Georgakopoulou VE, Dimopoulos MA, Gavriatopoulou M, Zagouri F. Pembrolizumab in endometrial cancer: Where we stand now. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:821. [PMID: 34691248 PMCID: PMC8527559 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, immunotherapy has shown promising results in solid tumors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of published literature synthesizing all the available data and evaluating both the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in endometrial cancer. The present study was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible articles were identified by searching the MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, using a predefined combination of the terms 'endometrial cancer' and 'pembrolizumab'. Overall, nine articles incorporating data from 712 patients were eligible. Pembrolizumab was demonstrated to be an effective and safe therapeutic option for the management of advanced/metastatic endometrial cancer. Results of ongoing trials evaluating either pembrolizumab alone or in combination with other antineoplastic regimens are expected to confirm its efficacy in this setting of patients. Pembrolizumab appears to be both durable and robust in endometrial cancer. However, there is an emerging need for novel predictive biomarkers to guide clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Aravantinou-Fatorou
- First Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Angeliki Andrikopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Michael Liontos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Oraianthi Fiste
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Vasiliki E. Georgakopoulou
- First Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
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Pavlič R, Gjorgoska M, Hafner E, Sinreih M, Gajser K, Poschner S, Jäger W, Rižner TL. In the Model Cell Lines of Moderately and Poorly Differentiated Endometrial Carcinoma, Estrogens Can Be Formed via the Sulfatase Pathway. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:743403. [PMID: 34805270 PMCID: PMC8602794 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.743403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in resource-abundant countries. The majority of EC cases are estrogen dependent but the mechanisms of estrogen biosynthesis and oxidative metabolism and estrogen action are not completely understood. Here, we evaluated formation of estrogens in models of moderately and poorly differentiated EC: RL95-2 and KLE cells, respectively. Results revealed high expression of estrone-sulfate (E1-S) transporters (SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1C1, SLCO3A1, SLC10A6, SLC22A9), and increased E1-S uptake in KLE vs RL95-2 cells. In RL95-2 cells, higher levels of sulfatase and better metabolism of E1-S to E1 were confirmed compared to KLE cells. In KLE cells, disturbed balance in expression of HSD17B genes led to enhanced activation of E1 to E2, compared to RL95-2 cells. Additionally, increased CYP1B1 expression and down-regulation of genes encoding phase II metabolic enzymes: COMT, NQO1, NQO2, and GSTP1 suggested decreased detoxification of carcinogenic metabolites in KLE cells. Results indicate that in model cell lines of moderately and poorly differentiated EC, estrogens can be formed via the sulfatase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pavlič
- Laboratory for Molecular Basis of Hormone-Dependent Diseases and Biomarkers, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Gjorgoska
- Laboratory for Molecular Basis of Hormone-Dependent Diseases and Biomarkers, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Hafner
- Laboratory for Molecular Basis of Hormone-Dependent Diseases and Biomarkers, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Sinreih
- Laboratory for Molecular Basis of Hormone-Dependent Diseases and Biomarkers, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Gajser
- Laboratory for Molecular Basis of Hormone-Dependent Diseases and Biomarkers, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Poschner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Laboratory for Molecular Basis of Hormone-Dependent Diseases and Biomarkers, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kasius JC, Pijnenborg JMA, Lindemann K, Forsse D, van Zwol J, Kristensen GB, Krakstad C, Werner HMJ, Amant F. Risk Stratification of Endometrial Cancer Patients: FIGO Stage, Biomarkers and Molecular Classification. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225848. [PMID: 34831000 PMCID: PMC8616052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecologic malignancy in developed countries. The main challenge in EC management is to correctly estimate the risk of metastases at diagnosis and the risk to develop recurrences in the future. Risk stratification determines the need for surgical staging and adjuvant treatment. Detection of occult, microscopic metastases upstages patients, provides important prognostic information and guides adjuvant treatment. The molecular classification subdivides EC into four prognostic subgroups: POLE ultramutated; mismatch repair deficient (MMRd); nonspecific molecular profile (NSMP); and TP53 mutated (p53abn). How surgical staging should be adjusted based on preoperative molecular profiling is currently unknown. Moreover, little is known whether and how other known prognostic biomarkers affect prognosis prediction independent of or in addition to these molecular subgroups. This review summarizes the factors incorporated in surgical staging (i.e., peritoneal washing, lymph node dissection, omentectomy and peritoneal biopsies), and its impact on prognosis and adjuvant treatment decisions in an era of molecular classification of EC. Moreover, the relation between FIGO stage and molecular classification is evaluated including the current gaps in knowledge and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenneke C. Kasius
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.C.K.); (J.v.Z.)
| | | | - Kristina Lindemann
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, 0188 Oslo, Norway;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - David Forsse
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (D.F.); (C.K.)
| | - Judith van Zwol
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.C.K.); (J.v.Z.)
| | - Gunnar B. Kristensen
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (D.F.); (C.K.)
| | - Henrica M. J. Werner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GROW, Maastricht University School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.C.K.); (J.v.Z.)
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gynaecology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Le Gac M, Koual M, Delanoy N, Perkins G, Nguyen-Xuan HT, Blons H, Le Frère-Belda MA, Laurent-Puig P, Bentivegna E, Durdux C, Azaïs H, Bats AS. [Place of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of endometrial and cervical cancers]. Bull Cancer 2021; 109:65-75. [PMID: 34801228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New molecular therapeutic approaches have emerged in recent years for advanced gynaecological cancers, including targeted therapies such as poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). These have demonstrated efficacy in high-grade serous ovarian cancers in patients carrying a mutation in the BRCA gene, which predisposes them to breast and ovarian cancers. Clinical and pre-clinical data suggest that the activity of PARPi inhibitors may not be limited to BRCA mutated tumours and may involve the homologous recombination pathway. These data raise the question of the potential efficacy of PARPi in advanced endometrial and cervical cancers where treatment options are currently limited. At present, there are few data available on the activity of PARPi in endometrial and cervical cancers, but some results seem promising. In this review, we present a synthesis of the available studies concerning PARPi in endometrial and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Le Gac
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Meriem Koual
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm UMR-S 1124, université de Paris, centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Delanoy
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, oncologie médicale, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Perkins
- Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne université, USPC, université Paris Descartes, université Paris Diderot, équipe labellisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, oncogénétique, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Huyên-Thu Nguyen-Xuan
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Blons
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne université, USPC, université Paris Descartes, université Paris Diderot, équipe labellisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, biochimie, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne université, USPC, université Paris Descartes, université Paris Diderot, équipe labellisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, oncologie médicale, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Enrica Bentivegna
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Durdux
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, oncologie médicale, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Henri Azaïs
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 75015 Paris, France; Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne université, USPC, université Paris Descartes, université Paris Diderot, équipe labellisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Bats
- Université de Paris, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; APHP centre, hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, chirurgie cancérologique gynécologique et du sein, 75015 Paris, France; Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne université, USPC, université Paris Descartes, université Paris Diderot, équipe labellisée ligue nationale contre le cancer, 15, rue de l'École-de-Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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Munakata S, Yamamoto T. Application of immunocytochemical and molecular analysis of six genes in liquid-based endometrial cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 50:8-17. [PMID: 34783431 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Yokohama System of Endometrial Cytology has been used for reporting endometrial cytology, which includes gray zone category, atypical endometrial cells (ATEC), subdivided into ATEC-US and ATEC-AE. ATEC-US has been reported to be correlated with malignancy in nearly 10% of the cases. For accurate diagnosis, application of ancillary techniques on endometrial cytology was investigated. METHODS Thirty-seven liquid based cytological specimens (SurePath™) with diagnosis of ATEC or malignant which have corresponding histological specimens, were subjected to immunocytochemical analysis for β-catenin, ARID1A, and PTEN. Hot spots of mutations for KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA were evaluated by using i-densy system (ARKRAY). RESULTS In endometrial samples with the diagnosis of ATEC and malignant, aberrant gene expressions and/or gene mutations for β-catenin, ARID1A, PTEN, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA were observed in 32.4, 18.9, 37.8, 18.8, 0, and 37.1%, respectively. When any of the genes had aberrant expression or mutation, only sensitivity was better than that of cytology (77 vs. 53.8%). However, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy was better in cytology than those of ancillary techniques. Increasing rate of abnormality according to the consequent histology results was observed in ARID1A (p = .015). Frequent loss of PTEN immunostaining (45.8%) and PIK3CA mutation (43.5%) was observed in the cases with consequent benign histology results. CONCLUSION In ATEC category of endometrial cytology, gene expression and mutation analysis of six genes were insufficient to aid conventional cytological diagnoses albeit increased sensitivity. Further investigation would be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Munakata
- Department of Pathology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiya Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sakai City Hospital Organization, Sakai City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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Wang J, Xu P, Yang X, Yu Q, Xu X, Zou G, Zhang X. Association of Myometrial Invasion With Lymphovascular Space Invasion, Lymph Node Metastasis, Recurrence, and Overall Survival in Endometrial Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 79 Studies With 68,870 Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:762329. [PMID: 34746002 PMCID: PMC8567142 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.762329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myometrial invasion has been demonstrated to correlate to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in endometrial cancer. However, not all the studies have the consistent results and no meta-analysis has investigated the association of myometrial invasion with lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), lymph node metastasis (LNM), recurrence, and overall survival (OS). Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between myometrial invasion and clinicopathological characteristics or overall survival in endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods A search of Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science was carried out to collect relevant studies from their inception until June 30, 2021. The quality of each included study was evaluated using Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) scale. Review Manager version 5.4 was employed to conduct the meta-analysis. Results A total of 79 articles with 68,870 endometrial cancer patients were eligible including 9 articles for LVSI, 29 articles for LNM, 8 for recurrence, and 37 for OS in this meta-analysis. Myometrial invasion was associated with LVSI (RR 3.07; 95% CI 2.17–4.35; p < 0.00001), lymph node metastasis (LNM) (RR 4.45; 95% CI 3.29–6.01; p < 0.00001), and recurrence (RR 2.06; 95% CI 1.58–2.69; p < 0.00001). Deep myometrial invasion was also significantly related with poor OS via meta-synthesis of HRs in both univariate survival (HR 3.36, 95% CI 2.35–4.79, p < 0.00001) and multivariate survival (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.59–2.53, p < 0.00001). Funnel plot suggested that there was no significant publication bias in this study. Conclusion Deep myometrial invasion correlated to positive LVSI, positive LNM, cancer recurrence, and poor OS for endometrial cancer patients, indicating that myometrial invasion was a useful evaluation criterion to associate with clinical outcomes and prognosis of endometrial cancer since depth of myometrial invasion can be assessed before surgery. The large scale and comprehensive meta-analysis suggested that we should pay more attention to myometrial invasion in clinical practice, and its underlying mechanism also deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gen Zou
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Formulation and characterization of a novel anti-human endometrial cancer supplement by gold nanoparticles green-synthesized using Spinacia oleracea L. leaf aqueous extract. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Cabezas Palacios MN, García Pineda V, Gracia Segovia M, Diestro Tejeda MD, Hernández Gutiérrez A, Zapardiel Gutiérrez I. Utility of indocyanine green as a single tracer for sentinel node biopsy in endometrial cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 48:222-229. [PMID: 34698419 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our study aims to investigate the safety and effectiveness of sentinel lymph node biopsy using indocyanine green (ICG) for the surgical staging of early-stage endometrial cancer in comparison to technetium-99 m use. METHODS We conducted an observational retrospective study with patients diagnosed of endometrial cancer and FIGO stages I-II. All participants were injected technetium-99m the day prior to the surgery and underwent lymphoscintigraphy along with single-photon emission computed tomography. In addition, all patients were administered intraoperatively ICG injection to detect sentinel lymph node biopsy. The surgical staging was then completed according to the European Society for Medical Oncology preoperative risk category. Data obtained from the analysis of technetium-99m detection was compared to ICG detection. RESULTS A total of 53 women with endometrial cancer were included in the study, 49 (92.5%) of them showed drainage preoperatively in the single-photon emission computed tomography and/or lymphoscintigraphy. The intraoperative bilateral detection rate for technetium-99 m was 26 (49.1%) patients compared to 40 (75.5%) patients with ICG (p = 0.013). We observed a 42.5% increase in the mean number of lymph nodes retrieved by ICG compared to technetium-99m (2.85 vs 2,0 nodes; p = 0.002). We intraoperatively identified 164 lymph nodes, 104 (63.4%) located in both obturator areas and external iliac vessels. CONCLUSION The use of ICG for the performance of sentinel node biopsy in patients with endometrial cancer seems safe and could be superior to technetium-99 m, since it offers a higher bilateral detection rate and nodal retrieval, resulting in the possibility to perform safely less full staging lymphadenectomies.
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Elmore SA, Choudhary S, Krane GA, Plumlee Q, Quist EM, Suttie AW, Tokarz DA, Ward JM, Cora M. Proceedings of the 2021 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1344-1367. [PMID: 34634962 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211043497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 2021 annual National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri," was the 20th anniversary of the symposia and held virtually on June 25th, in advance of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's 40th annual meeting. The goal of this symposium was to present and discuss challenging diagnostic pathology and/or nomenclature issues. This article presents summaries of the speakers' talks along with select images that were presented to the audience for voting and discussion. Various lesions and topics covered during the symposium included differentiation of canine oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, and undefined glioma with presentation of the National Cancer Institute's updated diagnostic terminology for canine glioma; differentiation of polycystic kidney, dilated tubules and cystic tubules with a discussion of human polycystic kidney disease; a review of various rodent nervous system background lesions in control animals from NTP studies with a focus on incidence rates and potential rat strain differences; vehicle/excipient-related renal lesions in cynomolgus monkeys with a discussion on the various cyclodextrins and their bioavailability, toxicity, and tumorigenicity; examples of rodent endometrial tumors including intestinal differentiation in an endometrial adenocarcinoma that has not previously been reported in rats; a review of various rodent adrenal cortex lesions including those that represented diagnostic challenges with multiple processes such as vacuolation, degeneration, necrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy; and finally, a discussion of diagnostic criteria for uterine adenomyosis, atypical hyperplasia, and adenocarcinoma in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Elmore
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erin M Quist
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Andrew W Suttie
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories, Inc, Chantilly, VA, USA
| | - Debra A Tokarz
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | | | - Michelle Cora
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Bezerra KRV, Martins-Filho A, Sousa MCM, Murta EFC, Nomelini RS. Association of laboratorial parameters and prognostic factors in uterine corpus cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 67:696-701. [PMID: 34550258 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20201099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims were to compare the red blood cells, platelet count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width, and fasting glucose in peripheral blood of patients with benign and malignant uterine neoplasms and to relate these laboratory parameters with prognostic factors and overall survival in cancer. METHODS The results of the laboratory parameters were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to find the cutoff values. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meyer method. RESULTS Higher values of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and fasting glucose were found in cancer patients. Higher platelet-lymphocyte ratio values were associated with other subtypes when compared with endometrioid subtype; higher values of red cell distribution width were found in stage II/IV when compared with stage I; lower hemoglobin values were related to stage II/IV and nonendometrioid histological type. Platelet-lymphocyte ratio <145.56 was associated with longer overall survival. CONCLUSION Hemoglobin and platelet-lymphocyte ratio values are prognostic factors in uterine corpus cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaio Raffael Valotta Bezerra
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Research Institute of Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics - Uberaba (MG), Brazil
| | - Agrimaldo Martins-Filho
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Research Institute of Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics - Uberaba (MG), Brazil
| | - Marta Carolina Marques Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Research Institute of Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics - Uberaba (MG), Brazil
| | - Eddie Fernando Candido Murta
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Research Institute of Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics - Uberaba (MG), Brazil
| | - Rosekeila Simões Nomelini
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Research Institute of Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics - Uberaba (MG), Brazil
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Hong R, Liu W, DeLair D, Razavian N, Fenyö D. Predicting endometrial cancer subtypes and molecular features from histopathology images using multi-resolution deep learning models. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100400. [PMID: 34622237 PMCID: PMC8484685 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The determination of endometrial carcinoma histological subtypes, molecular subtypes, and mutation status is critical for the diagnostic process, and directly affects patients' prognosis and treatment. Sequencing, albeit slower and more expensive, can provide additional information on molecular subtypes and mutations that can be used to better select treatments. Here, we implement a customized multi-resolution deep convolutional neural network, Panoptes, that predicts not only the histological subtypes but also the molecular subtypes and 18 common gene mutations based on digitized H&E-stained pathological images. The model achieves high accuracy and generalizes well on independent datasets. Our results suggest that Panoptes, with further refinement, has the potential for clinical application to help pathologists determine molecular subtypes and mutations of endometrial carcinoma without sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Hong
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Deborah DeLair
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Narges Razavian
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Amide proton transfer imaging in differentiation of type II and type I endometrial carcinoma: a pilot study. Jpn J Radiol 2021; 40:184-191. [PMID: 34524610 PMCID: PMC8803769 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-021-01197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging in differentiation of type II and type I uterine endometrial carcinoma. Materials and methods Thirty-three patients diagnosed with uterine endometrial carcinoma, including 24 with type I and 9 with type II carcinomas, underwent APT imaging. Two readers evaluated the magnetization transfer ratio at 3.5 ppm [MTRasym (3.5 ppm)] in each type of carcinoma. The average MTRasym (APTmean) and the maximum MTRasym (APTmax) were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Results The APTmax was significantly higher in type II carcinomas than in type I carcinomas (reader1, p = 0.004; reader 2, p = 0.014; respectively). However, APTmean showed no significant difference between type I and II carcinomas. Based on the results reported by reader 1, the area under the curve (AUC) pertaining to the APTmax for distinguishing type I from type II carcinomas was 0.826, with a cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity of 9.90%, 66.7%, and 91.3%, respectively. Moreover, based on the results reported by reader 2, the AUC was 0.750, with a cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity of 9.80%, 62.5%, and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion APT imaging has the potential to determine the type of endometrial cancer.
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135
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Grading of endometrial cancer using 1H HR-MAS NMR-based metabolomics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18160. [PMID: 34518615 PMCID: PMC8438077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue metabolomic characteristics associated with endometrial cancer (EC) at different grades were studied using high resolution (400 MHz) magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) proton spectroscopy. The metabolic profiles were obtained from 64 patients (14 with grade 1 (G1), 33 with grade 2 (G2) and 17 with grade 3 (G3) tumors) and compared with the profile acquired from 10 patients with the benign disorders. OPLS-DA revealed increased valine, isoleucine, leucine, hypotaurine, serine, lysine, ethanolamine, choline and decreased creatine, creatinine, glutathione, ascorbate, glutamate, phosphoethanolamine and scyllo-inositol in all EC grades in reference to the non-transformed tissue. The increased levels of taurine was additionally detected in the G1 and G2 tumors in comparison to the control tissue, while the elevated glycine, N-acetyl compound and lactate—in the G1 and G3 tumors. The metabolic features typical for the G1 tumors are the increased dimethyl sulfone, phosphocholine, and decreased glycerophosphocholine and glutamine levels, while the decreased myo-inositol level is characteristic for the G2 and G3 tumors. The elevated 3-hydroxybutyrate, alanine and betaine levels were observed in the G3 tumors. The differences between the grade G1 and G3 malignances were mainly related to the perturbations of phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine biosynthesis, inositol, betaine, serine and glycine metabolism. The statistical significance of the OPLS-DA modeling was also verified by an univariate analysis. HR-MAS NMR based metabolomics provides an useful insight into the metabolic reprogramming in endometrial cancer.
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Wang J, Lei C, Shi P, Teng H, Lu L, Guo H, Wang X. LncRNA DCST1-AS1 Promotes Endometrial Cancer Progression by Modulating the MiR-665/HOXB5 and MiR-873-5p/CADM1 Pathways. Front Oncol 2021; 11:714652. [PMID: 34497766 PMCID: PMC8420713 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.714652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is implicated in the initiation and progression of various tumors, including endometrial cancer (EC). However, the mechanism of lncRNAs in EC tumorigenesis and progression remains largely unexplored. In this work, we identified a novel lncRNA DC-STAMP domain-containing 1-antisense 1 (DCST1-AS1), which is highly upregulated and correlated with poor survival in EC patients. Overexpression of DCST1-AS1 significantly enhanced EC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro and promoted tumor growth of EC in vivo. Mechanistically, DCST1-AS1 mediated EC progression by inducing the expression of homeobox B5 (HOXB5) and cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), via acting as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA-665 (miR-665) and microRNA-873-5p (miR-873-5p), respectively. In addition, we found that the expression of miR-665 and miR-873-5p was significantly downregulated, while HOXB5 and CADM1 expression levels were increased in EC tissues. Taken together, our findings support the important role of DCST1-AS1 in EC progression, and DCST1-AS1 may be used as a prognostic biomarker as well as a potential therapeutic target for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Gynaecology Clinic, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Changjiang Lei
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingping Shi
- No. 2 Department of Gynaecology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Huaixiang Teng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Lixiang Lu
- No. 2 Department of Gynaecology, Baiqiuen Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Hailong Guo
- No. 2 Department of Gynaecology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Xiuqin Wang
- No. 2 Department of Gynaecology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
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Yagi A, Ueda Y, Ikeda S, Miyoshi A, Nakagawa S, Hiramatsu K, Kobayashi E, Kimura T, Ito Y, Nakayama T, Nakata K, Morishima T, Miyashiro I, Kimura T. Improved long-term survival of corpus cancer in Japan: A 40-year population-based analysis. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:232-242. [PMID: 34494658 PMCID: PMC9291773 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of uterine corpus cancer has been increasing globally due to increase in obesity. However, a detailed analysis of long‐term epidemiological trends of corpus cancer in Japan, where obesity is relatively minimal, has not been conducted. In this retrospective, population‐based study using the Osaka Cancer Registry, we analyzed 15 255 cases of corpus neoplasia registered between 1977 and 2016. We determined the age‐standardized incidence, mortality, relative survival and conditional survival rates, and the treatment trends for corpus cancer over the last 40 years in Japan. The age‐standardized incidence rate of corpus neoplasia increased sharply in 2000‐2011 (APC = 9.9, 95% CI: 8.4‐11.3), whereas the mortality rate trended to a much more modest increase (APC = 3.3, 95% CI: 2.7‐3.8). Compared to 1977‐2000, 10‐year survival rates for post‐2000 cases of localized and regional corpus cancers significantly improved (from 87.7% [95% CI: 85.8‐89.4] to 94.2% [95% CI: 92.7‐95.7] and from 47.5% [95% CI: 43.3‐51.6] to 64.4% [95% CI: 61.0‐67.6], respectively). This was largely associated with the significant increase in the percentage of localized and regional patients who received chemotherapy instead of radiation as an adjuvant therapy combined to surgery (P < .001 for both). We found that each histological type (endometrioid carcinoma, serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma and carcinosarcoma) has different characteristics of trend of age‐standardized incidence rate, relative survival and distribution of extent of disease. In endometrioid carcinoma, the age‐standardized incidence rate increased consistently after 1990, but the rate of increase was decreasing after 1997.
What's new?
For the past 40 years, age‐standardized incidence of corpus cancer in Japan, similar to other countries worldwide, has been increasing. However, whereas global increases in corpus cancer are linked to increasing obesity, obesity rates in Japan remain uniquely low. This population‐based study, drawing on data from the Osaka Cancer Registry, reveals a sharp increase in age‐standardized incidence of corpus neoplasia from 2000‐2011 in Japan. Each histological cancer type differed in incidence trend, relative survival, and distribution of extent of disease. Additional analyses indicate that recent changes in adjuvant therapy, particularly increased use of chemotherapy over radiation, have improved prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ikeda
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Miyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hiramatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuri Ito
- Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomio Nakayama
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Nakata
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Isao Miyashiro
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Matsuzaki S, Miller H, Takiuchi T, Klar M, Matsuo K. Effects of aspirin and statin use on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and survival in patients with endometrial cancer. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 21:335-347. [PMID: 34437828 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1973427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and statins are commonly used to manage and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have suggested the benefits of aspirin or statin use in venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis and survival outcome improvement in women with endometrial cancer. AREAS COVERED In this study, we reviewed the effects of aspirin or statin use on VTE prophylaxis and survival outcome in women with endometrial cancer. EXPERT OPINION Among women with endometrial cancer, aspirin use exerted a modest effect on VTE prophylaxis, whereas statin use was associated with a decreased prevalence of VTE, especially in women with obesity and type II cancer, compared with those in non-users. Aspirin use improved cause-specific survival in women with endometrial cancer, aged less than 60 years, who were obese and presented with type I cancer. Statin use was associated with better cause-specific survival in women with type II cancer. The combination of aspirin and statins may be the most effective strategy in improving on VTE prophylaxis and survival outcomes in obese women with type II cancer. Targeting of the appropriate population with endometrial cancer may enhance the efficacy of aspirin or statins on VTE prophylaxis and survival outcomes in women with endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Matsuzaki
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Gynecology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Heather Miller
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Takiuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maximilian Klar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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139
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Eriksson AGZ, Mueller JJ. Advances in management of nonendometrioid endometrial carcinoma, with an emphasis on the sentinel lymph node technique. Curr Opin Oncol 2021; 33:457-463. [PMID: 34264897 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW During the last few years there have been important advances in our understanding of endometrial cancer biology, staging, and therapy. In this article, we discuss updates and controversies in the treatment of nonendometrioid endometrial carcinoma (non-EEC), with an emphasis on the role of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. RECENT FINDINGS Lymph node involvement is an important factor in determining prognosis and guiding adjuvant therapy in endometrial carcinoma. SLN biopsy has emerged as a less morbid alternative to lymphadenectomy in surgical staging, and it has generally gained acceptance in the setting of low-grade endometrial carcinoma; however, its role in the setting of high-grade disease remains a topic of debate. Several prospective studies have demonstrated the accuracy of SLN biopsy in detecting nodal metastasis in high-grade endometrial carcinoma. Retrospective series have compared oncologic outcomes of patients with high-grade disease, surgically staged by SLN biopsy, to those staged with lymphadenectomy, and have reported similar survival outcomes. Prospective data on survival is lacking. SUMMARY Currently, there is sufficient data to support the diagnostic accuracy of SLN biopsy in the surgical staging of non-EEC. The retrospective evidence demonstrates similar survival for SLN biopsy versus lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Gerda Z Eriksson
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer J Mueller
- Department of Surgery, Gynecology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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140
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Zakrzewski PK. Canonical TGFβ Signaling and Its Contribution to Endometrial Cancer Development and Progression-Underestimated Target of Anticancer Strategies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3900. [PMID: 34501347 PMCID: PMC8432036 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the leading gynecological cancers diagnosed among women in their menopausal and postmenopausal age. Despite the progress in molecular biology and medicine, no efficient and powerful diagnostic and prognostic marker is dedicated to endometrial carcinogenesis. The canonical TGFβ pathway is a pleiotropic signaling cascade orchestrating a variety of cellular and molecular processes, whose alterations are responsible for carcinogenesis that originates from different tissue types. This review covers the current knowledge concerning the canonical TGFβ pathway (Smad-dependent) induced by prototypical TGFβ isoforms and the involvement of pathway alterations in the development and progression of endometrial neoplastic lesions. Since Smad-dependent signalization governs opposed cellular processes, such as growth arrest, apoptosis, tumor cells growth and differentiation, as well as angiogenesis and metastasis, TGFβ cascade may act both as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter. However, the final effect of TGFβ signaling on endometrial cancer cells depends on the cancer disease stage. The multifunctional role of the TGFβ pathway indicates the possible utilization of alterations in the TGFβ cascade as a potential target of novel anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K Zakrzewski
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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141
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Song Y, Gu Y, Hu X, Wang M, He Q, Li Y. Endometrial Tumors with MSI-H and dMMR Share a Similar Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4485-4497. [PMID: 34429613 PMCID: PMC8379685 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s324641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) are important biomarkers for predicting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies. Although PCR-based tests for high MSI (MSI-H) and dMMR yield highly concordant results in endometrial cancer (EC), it is unclear whether this is true for MSI-H and MMR detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. This study investigated whether EC with MSI-H identified by NGS and dMMR identified by IHC have similar tumor immune microenvironments. Patients and Methods EC tissue and corresponding peripheral blood lymphocyte samples were collected from 99 randomly selected patients. MSI status and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were examined by NGS. MMR protein and programmed death ligand (PD-L)1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) abundance were evaluated by IHC. Results Of the 99 EC samples, 29 (29%) had dMMR by IHC, while 18 (18%) had MSI-H by NGS. MSI and MMR status identified by the two methods were discordant in the 99 EC patients, and 2/18 NGS-identified MSI-H patients (11%) retained MMR protein expression. MSI-H and dMMR endometrial tumors had similar numbers of cluster of differentiation (CD)3+ TILs (T cells) and CD8+ TILs (cytotoxic T cells) in the tumor center and periphery, which differed from those in microsatellite stable (MSS) and mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) EC; they also showed similar TMB, PD-L1 expression, and TIL counts with higher TMB and PD-L1 expression than MSS and pMMR ECs. The abundance of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs was increased in PD-L1-positive EC. Conclusion NGS-identified MSI status and IHC-identified MMR status were inconsistent in EC, and 11% of NGS-identified MSI-H tumors retained MMR protein expression. Conversely, MSI and MMR status determined by the two methods provided similar data on TMB, PD-L1 expression, and TIL abundance, which can guide treatment decisions with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Song
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhi He
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Ultrasound Measurement of Tumor-Free Distance from the Serosal Surface as the Alternative to Measuring the Depth of Myometrial Invasion in Predicting Lymph Node Metastases in Endometrial Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081472. [PMID: 34441406 PMCID: PMC8392068 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ultrasonography’s usefulness in endometrial cancer (EC) diagnosis consists in its roles in staging and prediction of metastasis. Ultrasound-measured tumor-free distance from the tumor to the uterine serosa (uTFD) is a promising marker for these diagnostic and prognostic variables. The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of this biomarker in locoregional staging, and thus in the prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Methods: We conducted a single-institutional, prospective study on 116 consecutive patients with EC who underwent 2D transvaginal ultrasound examination. The uTFD marker was compared with the depth of ultrasound-measured myometrial invasion (uMI). Univariable and multivariable logit models were evaluated to assess the predictive power of the uTFD and uMI in regard to LNM. The reference standard was a final histopathology result. Survival was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: LNM was found in 17% of the patients (20/116). In the univariable analysis, uMI and uTFD were significant predictors of LNM. The accuracy was 70.7%, and the NPV was 92.68% (OR 4.746, 95% CI 1.710–13.174) for uMI (p = 0.002), and they were 63.8% and 89.02% (OR 0.842, 95% CI 0.736–0.963), respectively, for uTFD (p = 0.01). The cutoff value for uTFD in the prediction of LNM was 5.2 mm. The association between absence of LNM and biomarker values of uMI < 1/2 and uTFD ≥ 5.2 mm was greater than that between the presence of metastases and uMI > 1/2 and uTFD values <5.2 mm. In the multivariable analysis, the accuracy of the uMI–uTFD model was 74%, and its NPV was 90.24% (p = non-significant). Neither uMI nor uTFD were surrogates for overall and recurrence-free survivals in endometrial cancer. Conclusions: Both uMI and uTFD, either alone or in combination, were valuable tools for gaining additional preoperative information on expected lymph node status. Negative lymph nodes status was better described by ultrasound biomarkers than a positive status. It was easier to use the uTFD rather than the uMI measurement as a biomarker of EC invasion, and the former still maintained a similar predictive value for lymph node metastases to the latter at diagnosis.
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143
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Di Fiore R, Suleiman S, Drago-Ferrante R, Felix A, O’Toole SA, O’Leary JJ, Ward MP, Beirne J, Yordanov A, Vasileva-Slaveva M, Subbannayya Y, Pentimalli F, Giordano A, Calleja-Agius J. LncRNA MORT (ZNF667-AS1) in Cancer-Is There a Possible Role in Gynecological Malignancies? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157829. [PMID: 34360598 PMCID: PMC8346052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers (GCs) are currently among the major threats to female health. Moreover, there are different histologic subtypes of these cancers, which are defined as ‘rare’ due to an annual incidence of <6 per 100,000 women. The majority of these tend to be associated with a poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in the normal development of organisms as well as in tumorigenesis. LncRNAs can be classified into tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, depending on their function within the cellular context and the signaling pathways in which they are involved. These regulatory RNAs are potential therapeutic targets for cancer due to their tissue and tumor specificity. However, there still needs to be a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of numerous biological functions in humans, both in normal health and disease. The lncRNA Mortal Obligate RNA Transcript (MORT; alias ZNF667-AS1) has been identified as a tumor-related lncRNA. ZNF667-AS1 gene, located in the human chromosome region 19q13.43, has been shown to be silenced by DNA hypermethylation in several cancers. In this review, we report on the biological functions of ZNF667-AS1 from recent studies and describe the regulatory functions of ZNF667-AS1 in human disease, including cancer. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging insights into the potential role of ZNF667-AS1 as a biomarker and novel therapeutic target in cancer, including GCs (ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.)
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | | | - Ana Felix
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa, NOVA Medical School, University NOVA of Lisbon, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Sharon A. O’Toole
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 HD53 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John J. O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin and Coombe Women’s and Infants University Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland; (J.J.O.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Mark P. Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin and Coombe Women’s and Infants University Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland; (J.J.O.); (M.P.W.)
| | - James Beirne
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, D08 X4RX Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Angel Yordanov
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria;
| | | | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.)
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Pang X, Zhang X, Huang Y, Qian S. Development and validation of m6A regulators' prognostic significance for endometrial cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26551. [PMID: 34190193 PMCID: PMC8257909 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most common cancer in women globally. It has been found that the expression levels of m6A regulators can be potentially used for prognostic stratification in some cancers, but the role of m6A regulators in EC prognosis remains unclear. METHODS The data of 584 EC samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the mRNA expression profiles of 20 m6A regulators were analyzed, followed by functional enrichment analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method-COX regression analysis. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of 20 m6A regulators were significantly different between cancer samples across different grades. The 548 EC samples could be clearly divided into 2 clusters. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis proved that these two groups had highly different overall survival probabilities. Besides, the univariate regression analysis further reserved eight genes related to overall survival from the 20 m6A regulators. We established a prognostic signature including two genes, that is, IGF2BP1 and YTHDF3, that showed a strong ability for stratifying prognostically different EC patients. We identified 3239 differentially expressed genes between the high- and low-risk groups, involving in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways. Meanwhile, 6 differentially infiltrated immune cell types between the high- and low-risk groups could effectively distinguish the high- and low-risk EC groups. The expressions of immune checkpoints were different between high- and low-risk EC patients. CONCLUSION We first report the prognostic role of m6A regulators in EC, which should contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of EC pathogenesis and progression.
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Fucinari J, Elshaikh MA, Ruterbusch JJ, Khalil R, Dyson G, Shultz D, Ali-Fehmi R, Cote ML. The impact of race, comorbid conditions and obesity on survival endpoints in women with high grade endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 162:134-141. [PMID: 33985795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate overall survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free survival among high grade endometrial carcinoma cases and to determine factors impacting survival for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black women. METHODS We identified high grade endometrial carcinoma cases among non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black women from ongoing institutional studies, and determined eligibility through medical record and pathologic review. We estimated effects of demographic and clinical variables on survival outcomes using Kaplan Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards modelling. RESULTS Non-Hispanic Black women with BMI <25.0 had poorest overall survival compared to non-Hispanic white women with BMI <25.0 (HR 3.03; 95% CI [1.35, 6.81]), followed by non-Hispanic black women with BMI 25.0+ (HR 2.43; 95% CI [1.28, 4.60]). A similar pattern emerged for disease-specific survival. Non-Hispanic black women also had poorer progression-free survival than non-Hispanic white women (HR 1.40; 95% CI [1.01, 1.93]). Other significant factors impacting survival outcomes included receipt of National Cancer Center Network (NCCN) guideline-concordant treatment (GCT), earlier stage at diagnosis, and fewer comorbid conditions. CONCLUSIONS BMI and race interact and modify the association with high grade endometrial carcinoma survival. Other potentially modifiable factors, such as reducing comorbidities and increasing access to GCT will potentially improve survival after diagnosis of high grade endometrial carcinomas. A better understanding of the molecular drivers of these high grade carcinomas may lead to targeted therapies that reduce morbidity and mortality associated with these aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Fucinari
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Julie J Ruterbusch
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Remonda Khalil
- Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI, USA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Shultz
- Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Pathology, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Detroit, MI, USA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michele L Cote
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI, USA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Maru Y, Tanaka N, Tatsumi Y, Nakamura Y, Itami M, Hippo Y. Kras activation in endometrial organoids drives cellular transformation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:46. [PMID: 34172714 PMCID: PMC8233399 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS, an oncogene, is frequently activated by mutations in many cancers. Kras-driven adenocarcinoma development in the lung, pancreas, and biliary tract has been extensively studied using gene targeting in mice. By taking the organoid- and allograft-based genetic approach to these organs, essentially the same results as in vivo models were obtained in terms of tumor development. To verify the applicability of this approach to other organs, we investigated whether the combination of Kras activation and Pten inactivation, which gives rise to endometrial tumors in mice, could transform murine endometrial organoids in the subcutis of immunodeficient mice. We found that in KrasG12D-expressing endometrial organoids, Pten knockdown did not confer tumorigenicity, but Cdkn2a knockdown or Trp53 deletion led to the development of carcinosarcoma (CS), a rare, aggressive tumor comprising both carcinoma and sarcoma. Although they originated from epithelial cells, some CS cells expressed both epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Upon inoculation in immunodeficient mice, tumor-derived round organoids developed carcinoma or CS, whereas spindle-shaped organoids formed monophasic sarcoma only, suggesting an irreversible epithelial-mesenchymal transition during the transformation of endometrial cells and progression. As commonly observed in mutant Kras-driven tumors, the deletion of the wild-type Kras allele was identified in most induced tumors, whereas some epithelial cells in CS-derived organoids were unexpectedly negative for KrasG12D. Collectively, we showed that the oncogenic potential of KrasG12D and the histological features of derived tumors are context-dependent and varies according to the organ type and experimental settings. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying tissue-specific Kras-driven tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maru
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naotake Tanaka
- Department of Gynecology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Tatsumi
- Division of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Division of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makiko Itami
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan.
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Chinnathambi A, Awad Alahmadi T, Ali Alharbi S. Biogenesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) using leaf extract of Allium noeanum, antioxidant and in-vitro cytotoxicity. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:500-510. [PMID: 34151675 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1926275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we formulated new chemotherapeutic copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) containing Allium noeanum Reut. ex Regel leaf for treating human endometrial cancer. For investigating the antioxidant activitiy, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was used. MTT test was used on normal (Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)) and human endometrial cancer (Ishikawa, HEC-1-A, HEC-1-B, and KLE) cell lines for comparing the anti-human endometrial cancer properties of Cu(NO3)2, A. noeanum leaf aqueous extract, and copper nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles had high cell death and anti-human endometrial cancer effects against Ishikawa, HEC-1-A, HEC-1-B, and KLE cell lines. The IC50 of A. noeanum leaf aqueous extract and copper nanoparticles against HEC-1-B cell line were 548 and 331 µg/mL, respectively; against HEC-1-A cell line were 583 and 356 µg/mL, respectively; against KLE cell line were 609 and 411 µg/mL, respectively; and against Ishikawa cell line were 560 and 357 µg/mL, respectively. Among the above cell lines, the best result of anti-human endometrial cancer properties of copper nanoparticles was gained in the cell line of HEC-1-B. This study indicated excellent anti-human endometrial cancer potentials of copper nanoparticles containing A. noeanum in the in vitro condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, [Medical City], King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shen K, Yang L, Li FY, Zhang F, Ding LL, Yang J, Lu J, Wang NN, Wang Y. Research progress of PARP inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy for endometrial cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:145-155. [PMID: 34139979 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210617111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the three most common malignant tumors in the female reproductive system. Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancers have poor prognoses and lack effective treatments. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been applied to many different types of tumors, and they can selectively kill tumor cells that are defective in homologous recombination repair. Endometrial cancer is characterized by mutations in homologous recombination repair genes; accordingly, PARP inhibitors have achieved positive results in off-label treatments of endometrial cancer cases. Clinical trials of PARP inhibitors as monotherapies and within combination therapies for endometrial cancer are ongoing. For this review, we searched PubMed with "endometrial cancer" and "PARP inhibitor" as keywords, and we used "olaparib", "rucaparib", "niraparib" and "talazoparib" as search terms in clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing trials. The literature search ended in October 2020, and only English-language publications were selected. Multiple studies confirm that PARP inhibitors play an important role in killing tumor cells with defects in homologous recombination repair. Its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors, cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors, and other drugs can improve the treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Li Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Fei-Yan Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Lei-Lei Ding
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Jing Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Jie Lu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Nan-Nan Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, China
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Cao W, Ma X, Fischer JV, Sun C, Kong B, Zhang Q. Immunotherapy in endometrial cancer: rationale, practice and perspectives. Biomark Res 2021; 9:49. [PMID: 34134781 PMCID: PMC8207707 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy has attracted more and more attention nowadays, and multiple clinical trials have confirmed its effect in a variety of solid tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer (ACT), and lymphocyte-promoting cytokines are the main immunotherapy methods. Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent tumors in women and the prognosis of recurrent or metastatic EC is poor. Since molecular classification has been applied to EC, immunotherapy for different EC subtypes (especially POLE and MSI-H) has gradually attracted attention. In this review, we focus on the expression and molecular basis of the main biomarkers in the immunotherapy of EC firstly, as well as their clinical application significance and limitations. Blocking tumor immune checkpoints is one of the most effective strategies for cancer treatment in recent years, and has now become the focus in the field of tumor research and treatment. We summarized clinical date of planned and ongoing clinical trials and introduced other common immunotherapy methods in EC, such as cancer vaccine and ACT. Hormone aberrations, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and p53 mutant and that affect the immunotherapy of endometrial cancer will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jean Victoria Fischer
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine, Gynecologic Pathology Fellow, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chenggong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China. .,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
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Winterhoff B, Thomaier L, Mullany S, Powell MA. Molecular characterization of endometrial cancer and therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2021; 32:76-83. [PMID: 31851045 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present article reviews molecular subtyping and genomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma, and the associated therapeutic and prognostic implications. RECENT FINDINGS Endometrial cancer has historically been classified through histology into endometrioid and nonendometrioid subtypes with poor prognostic predictability. Molecular classification through genomic analysis now allows for a major advance in characterization. Four distinct subgroups have been identified: polymerase (POLE) ultramutated, microsatellite unstable, copy number-low--microsatellite stable, and copy number-high-'serous-like'. These subtypes have prognostic implications and may aid in the identification of early-stage patients who are at high risk for recurrence. Through analysis of surrogate markers (POLE, MSI, and p53) and other validated molecular alterations (L1CAM), it is possible to obtain an integrated molecular risk profile that relates to prognosis. Studies utilizing this risk profile in order to identify patients who may benefit from adjuvant treatment for early-stage disease are on-going. SUMMARY Molecular characterization of endometrial cancer into subgroups has enhanced prognostic and therapeutic implications, contrary to traditional risk stratification. Further development of an integrated molecular risk profile may identify patients who could most benefit from adjuvant treatment following surgery and tailor treatment decisions in the recurrent setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Winterhoff
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lauren Thomaier
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sally Mullany
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matthew A Powell
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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