101
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Li H, Lin H, Chen X, Li H, Li H, Lin S, Huang L, Chen G, Zheng G, Wang S, Hu X, Huang H, Tu H, Li X, Ji Y, Zhong W, Li Q, Fang J, Lin Q, Yu R, Xie B. Unvaccinated Children Are an Important Link in the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant (B1.617.2): Comparative Clinical Evidence From a Recent Community Surge. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:814782. [PMID: 35350438 PMCID: PMC8957884 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.814782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the necessity of Covid-19 vaccination in children aged < 12 y by comparing the clinical characteristics between unvaccinated children aged < 12 y and vaccinated patients aged ≥ 12y during the Delta surge (B.1.617.2) in Putian, Fujian, China. Methods A total of 226 patients with SARS-Cov-2 Delta variant (B.1.167.2; confirmed by Real-time PCR positivity and sequencing) were enrolled from Sep 10th to Oct 20th, 2021, including 77 unvaccinated children (aged < 12y) and 149 people aged ≥ 12y, mostly vaccinated. The transmission route was explored and the clinical data of two groups were compared; The effect factors for the time of the nucleic acid negativization (NAN) were examined by R statistical analysis. Results The Delta surge in Putian spread from children in schools to factories, mostly through family contact. Compared with those aged ≥ 12y, patients aged < 12y accounted for 34.07% of the total and showed milder fever, less cough and fatigue; they reported higher peripheral blood lymphocyte counts [1.84 (1.32, 2.71)×10^9/L vs. 1.31 (0.94, 1.85)×10^9/L; p<0.05), higher normal CRP rate (92.21% vs. 57.72%), lower IL-6 levels [5.28 (3.31, 8.13) vs. 9.10 (4.37, 15.14); p<0.05]. Upon admission, their COVID19 antibodies (IgM and IgG) and IgG in convalescence were lower [0.13 (0.00, 0.09) vs. 0.12 (0.03, 0.41), p<0.05; 0.02 (0.00, 0.14) vs. 1.94 (0.54, 6.40), p<0.05; 5.46 (2.41, 9.26) vs. 73.63 (54.63, 86.55), p<0.05, respectively], but longer NAN time (18 days vs. 16 days, p=0.13). Conclusion Unvaccinated children may be an important link in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (B1.617.2), which indicated an urgent need of vaccination for this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haibin Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Hong Li
- Nursing Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gongping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guilin Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Shibiao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Fujian Hospital of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Handong Huang
- Department of Internal Critical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Haijian Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuejiao Ji
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qunying Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
- *Correspondence: Baosong Xie, ; Rongguo Yu, ; Qunying Lin,
| | - Rongguo Yu
- Department of Surgical Critical Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baosong Xie, ; Rongguo Yu, ; Qunying Lin,
| | - Baosong Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Shengli Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Baosong Xie, ; Rongguo Yu, ; Qunying Lin,
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102
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Kirtipal N, Kumar S, Dubey SK, Dwivedi VD, Gireesh Babu K, Malý P, Bharadwaj S. Understanding on the possible routes for SARS CoV-2 invasion via ACE2 in the host linked with multiple organs damage. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 99:105254. [PMID: 35217145 PMCID: PMC8863418 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), accountable for causing the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19), is already declared as a pandemic disease globally. Like previously reported SARS-CoV strain, the novel SARS-CoV-2 also initiates the viral pathogenesis via docking viral spike-protein with the membranal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - a receptor on variety of cells in the human body. Therefore, COVID-19 is broadly characterized as a disease that targets multiple organs, particularly causing acute complications via organ-specific pathogenesis accompanied by destruction of ACE2+ cells, including alveolus, cardiac microvasculature, endothelium, and glomerulus. Under such circumstances, the high expression of ACE2 in predisposing individuals associated with anomalous production of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may promote enhanced viral load in COVID-19, which comparatively triggers excessive apoptosis. Furthermore, multi-organ injuries were found linked to altered ACE2 expression and inequality between the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/mitochondrial Ang system (MAS) and renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) in COVID-19 patients. However, the exact pathogenesis of multi-organ damage in COVID-19 is still obscure, but several perspectives have been postulated, involving altered ACE2 expression linked with direct/indirect damages by the virus-induced immune responses, such as cytokinin storm. Thus, insights into the invasion of a virus with respect to ACE2 expression site can be helpful to simulate or understand the possible complications in the targeted organ during viral infection. Hence, this review summarizes the multiple organs invasion by SARS CoV-2 linked with ACE2 expression and their consequences, which can be helpful in the management of the COVID-19 pathogenesis under life-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kirtipal
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; Centre for Bioinformatics, Computational and Systems Biology, Pathfinder Research and Training Foundation, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Vivek Dhar Dwivedi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Computational and Systems Biology, Pathfinder Research and Training Foundation, Greater Noida, India.
| | - K Gireesh Babu
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Limda, Vadodara, India.
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i., BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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103
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Brüssow H. COVID-19 and children: medical impact and collateral damage. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:1035-1049. [PMID: 35182108 PMCID: PMC8966019 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Children mostly experience mild SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, but the extent of paediatric COVID‐19 disease differs between geographical regions and the distinct pandemic waves. Not all infections in children are mild, some children even show a strong inflammatory reaction resulting in a multisystem inflammatory syndrome. The assessments of paediatric vaccination depend on the efficacy of protection conferred by vaccination, the risk of adverse reactions and whether children contribute to herd immunity against COVID‐19. Children were also the target of consequential public health actions such as school closure which caused substantial harm to children (educational deficits, sociopsychological problems) and working parents. It is, therefore, important to understand the transmission dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections by children to assess the efficacy of school closures and paediatric vaccination. The societal restrictions to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic had additional negative effects on children’s health, such as missed routine vaccinations, nutritional deprivation and lesser mother–child medical care in developing countries causing increased child mortality as a collateral damage. In this complex epidemiological context, it is important to have an evidence‐based approach to public health approaches. The present review summaries pertinent published data on the role of children in the pandemic, whether they are drivers or followers of the infection chains and whether they are (after elderlies) major sufferers or mere bystanders of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The present review summaries pertinent published data on the role of children in the pandemic, whether they are drivers or followers of the infection chains and whether they are (after elderlies) major sufferers or mere bystanders of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Brüssow
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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104
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Yuniar CT, Pratiwi B, Ihsan AF, Laksono BT, Risfayanti I, Fathadina A, Jeong Y, Kim E. Adverse Events Reporting Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials of COVID-19 Vaccine Using the CONSORT Criteria for Reporting Harms: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020313. [PMID: 35214773 PMCID: PMC8875800 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Assessing the quality of evidence from vaccine clinical trials is essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of the vaccine and further enhance public acceptance. This study aims to summarize and critically evaluate the quality of harm reporting on randomized controlled trials for the COVID-19 vaccine and determine the factors associated with reporting quality. Methods: We systematically searched the literature using PRISMA guidelines for randomized controlled trials (RCT) on COVID-19 Vaccine until 30 December 2021. Published articles were searched from electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Bibliovid. Bias analysis was performed using RoB-2 tools. The quality of reporting was assessed by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) harm extension modified into 21 items. Results: A total of 61 RCT studies (402,014 patients) were analyzed. Over half the studies demonstrated adequate reporting (59.02%), and 21 studies (34.4%) reported a low risk of bias. All studies reported death and serious adverse events (AEs), but only six studies mentioned how to handle the recurrent AEs. Reporting of AEs in subgroup analysis was also poor (25%). Conclusion: The RCTs on the COVID-19 vaccine were less biased with good quality on reporting harm based on the modified CONSORT harm extension. However, study quality must be considered, especially for a balance of information between effectivity and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindra Tri Yuniar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (C.T.Y.); (B.P.); (A.F.I.); (B.T.L.); (I.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Bhekti Pratiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (C.T.Y.); (B.P.); (A.F.I.); (B.T.L.); (I.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Ardika Fajrul Ihsan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (C.T.Y.); (B.P.); (A.F.I.); (B.T.L.); (I.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Bambang Tri Laksono
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (C.T.Y.); (B.P.); (A.F.I.); (B.T.L.); (I.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Iffa Risfayanti
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (C.T.Y.); (B.P.); (A.F.I.); (B.T.L.); (I.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Annisa Fathadina
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (C.T.Y.); (B.P.); (A.F.I.); (B.T.L.); (I.R.); (A.F.)
| | - Yeonseon Jeong
- Clinical Data Analysis, Evidence-Based Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Health Science & Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Clinical Data Analysis, Evidence-Based Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Health Science & Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5791
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105
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Therapeutic peptides: current applications and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:48. [PMID: 35165272 PMCID: PMC8844085 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 211.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide drug development has made great progress in the last decade thanks to new production, modification, and analytic technologies. Peptides have been produced and modified using both chemical and biological methods, together with novel design and delivery strategies, which have helped to overcome the inherent drawbacks of peptides and have allowed the continued advancement of this field. A wide variety of natural and modified peptides have been obtained and studied, covering multiple therapeutic areas. This review summarizes the efforts and achievements in peptide drug discovery, production, and modification, and their current applications. We also discuss the value and challenges associated with future developments in therapeutic peptides.
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106
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Qiao N, Wang X, Ding L, Zhu X, Liang Y, Han Z, Liu F, Zhang X, Yang X. Early assessment of the safety and immunogenicity of a third dose (booster) of COVID-19 immunization in Chinese adults. Front Med 2022; 16:93-101. [PMID: 35122211 PMCID: PMC8815383 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inducing durable and effective immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via vaccination is essential to combat the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has been noticed that the strength of anti-COVID-19 vaccination-induced immunity fades over time, which calls for an additional vaccination regime, as known as booster immunization, to restore immunity among previously vaccinated populations. Here we report a pilot open-label trial of a third dose of BBIBP-CorV, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cell), on 136 participants aged between 18 to 63 years. Safety and immunogenicity in terms of neutralizing antibody titers and cytokine/chemokine responses were analyzed as the main endpoint until day 28. While systemic reactogenicity was either absent or mild, SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibody titers rapidly arose in all participants within 4 weeks, surpassing the peak antibody titers elicited by the initial two-dose immunization regime. Broad increases of cellular immunity-associated cytokines and chemokines were also detected in the majority of participants after the third vaccination. Furthermore, in an exploratory study, a newly developed recombinant protein vaccine, NVSI-06-08 (CHO Cells), was found to be safe and even more effective than BBIBP-CorV in eliciting humoral immune responses in BBIBP-CorV-primed individuals. Together, these results indicate that a third immunization schedule with either homologous or heterologous vaccine showed favorable safety profiles and restored potent SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity, providing support for further trials of booster vaccination in larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Zhang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Yunkai Yang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Niu Qiao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products, China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products, China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yu Liang
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Zibo Han
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100024, China.
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107
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Zhang Y, Guo X, Li C, Kou Z, Lin L, Yao M, Pang B, Zhang X, Duan Q, Tian X, Xing Y, Jiang X. Transcriptome Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Naïve and Recovered Individuals Vaccinated With Inactivated Vaccine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:821828. [PMID: 35186784 PMCID: PMC8851474 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.821828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The urgent approval of the use of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine is essential to reduce the threat and burden of the epidemic on global public health, however, our current understanding of the host immune response to inactivated vaccine remains limited. Herein, we performed serum IgG antibody detection and transcriptomics analysis on 20 SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals who received multiple doses of inactivated vaccine and 5 SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals who received single dose of inactivated vaccine. Our research revealed the important role of many innate immune pathways after vaccination, identified a significant correlation with the third dose of booster vaccine and proteasome-related genes, and found that SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals can produces a strong immune response to a single dose of inactivated vaccine. These results help us understand the reaction mechanism of the host's molecular immune system to the inactivated vaccine, and provide a basis for the choice of vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Xingyu Guo
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Cunbao Li
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Lanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi, China
| | - Zengqiang Kou
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Lanfang Lin
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Lanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi, China
| | - Mingxiao Yao
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Duan
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Xueying Tian
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Yufang Xing
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Section, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- Ministry of Research and Education, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
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108
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Jiang Y, Wu Q, Song P, You C. The Variation of SARS-CoV-2 and Advanced Research on Current Vaccines. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:806641. [PMID: 35118097 PMCID: PMC8804231 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.806641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 2 years, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rapidly spread worldwide. In the process of evolution, new mutations of SARS-CoV-2 began to appear to be more adaptable to the diverse changes of various cellular environments and hosts. Generally, the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are characterized by high infectivity, augmented virulence, and fast transmissibility, posing a serious threat to the prevention and control of the global epidemic. At present, there is a paucity of effective measurements to cure COVID-19. It is extremely crucial to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants to enhance individual immunity, but it is not yet known whether they are approved by the authority. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the main characteristics of the emerging various variants of SARS-CoV-2, including their distribution, mutations, transmissibility, severity, and susceptibility to immune responses, especially the Delta variant and the new emerging Omicron variant. Furthermore, we overviewed the suitable crowd, the efficacy, and adverse events (AEs) of current vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chongge You
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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109
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Liu E, Smyth RL, Li Q, Qaseem A, Florez ID, Mathew JL, Amer YS, Estill J, Lu Q, Fu Z, Lu X, Chan ESY, Schwarze J, Wong GWK, Fukuoka T, Ahn HS, Lee MS, Nurdiati D, Cao B, Tu W, Qian Y, Zhao S, Dong X, Luo X, Chen Z, Li G, Zhang X, Zhao X, Xu H, Xu F, Shi Y, Zhao R, Zhao Y, Lei J, Zheng X, Wang M, Yang S, Feng X, Wu L, He Z, Liu S, Wang Q, Song Y, Luo Z, Zhou Q, Guyatt G, Chen Y, Li Q. Guidelines for the prevention and management of children and adolescents with COVID-19. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:4019-4037. [PMID: 36109390 PMCID: PMC9483317 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Children are the future of the world, but their health and future are facing great uncertainty because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In order to improve the management of children with COVID-19, an international, multidisciplinary panel of experts developed a rapid advice guideline at the beginning of the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020. After publishing the first version of the rapid advice guideline, the panel has updated the guideline by including additional stakeholders in the panel and a comprehensive search of the latest evidence. All recommendations were supported by systematic reviews and graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Expert judgment was used to develop good practice statements supplementary to the graded evidence-based recommendations. The updated guideline comprises nine recommendations and one good practice statement. It focuses on the key recommendations pertinent to the following issues: identification of prognostic factors for death or pediatric intensive care unit admission; the use of remdesivir, systemic glucocorticoids and antipyretics, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula or non-invasive ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure; breastfeeding; vaccination; and the management of pediatric mental health. CONCLUSION This updated evidence-based guideline intends to provide clinicians, pediatricians, patients and other stakeholders with evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and management of COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Larger studies with longer follow-up to determine the effectiveness and safety of systemic glucocorticoids, IVIG, noninvasive ventilation, and the vaccines for COVID-19 in children and adolescents are encouraged. WHAT IS KNOWN • Several clinical practice guidelines for children with COVID-19 have been developed, but only few of them have been recently updated. • We developed an evidence-based guideline at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak and have now updated it based on the results of a comprehensive search of the latest evidence. WHAT IS NEW • The updated guideline provides key recommendations pertinent to the following issues: identification of prognostic factors for death or pediatric intensive care unit admission; the use of remdesivir, systemic glucocorticoids and antipyretics, intravenous immunoglobulin for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula or non-invasive ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure; breastfeeding; vaccination; and the management of pediatric mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enmei Liu
- grid.488412.3Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Rosalind Louise Smyth
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, London, UK ,grid.420468.cGreat Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Qinyuan Li
- grid.488412.3Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Amir Qaseem
- grid.417947.80000 0000 8606 7660Clinical Policy and Center for Evidence Reviews, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ivan D. Florez
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.412881.60000 0000 8882 5269Department of Pediatrics, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia Colombia ,Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Clinica Las Americas, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Joseph L. Mathew
- grid.415131.30000 0004 1767 2903Advanced Pediatrics Centre, PGIMER Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yasser Sami Amer
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Clinical Practice Guidelines & Quality Research Unit, Quality Management Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Pediatrics Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Alexandria Center for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Janne Estill
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quan Lu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- grid.488412.3Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Edwin Shih-Yen Chan
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.452814.e0000 0004 0451 6530Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Children’s Research Network and Department of Child Life and Health, Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gary Wing-Kin Wong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Toshio Fukuoka
- grid.415565.60000 0001 0688 6269Emergency and Critical Care Center, the Department of General Medicine, Department of Research and Medical Education at Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan ,Advisory Committee in Cochrane Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyeong Sik Ahn
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.512461.50000 0004 5935 134XKorea Cochrane Centre, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Institute for Evidence-Based Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- grid.418980.c0000 0000 8749 5149Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea ,grid.412786.e0000 0004 1791 8264Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China ,grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482Research Unit of Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU017), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Detty Nurdiati
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Cochrane Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bin Cao
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China ,grid.452723.50000 0004 7887 9190Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwei Tu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- grid.418633.b0000 0004 1771 7032Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Shunying Zhao
- grid.411609.b0000 0004 1758 4735Beijing Children’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- grid.411360.1Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guobao Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China ,grid.410741.7Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- grid.488412.3Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China ,grid.488412.3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- grid.488412.3Department of Infection Diseases Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- grid.488412.3Department of Critical Care Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- grid.488412.3Department of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiqiu Zhao
- grid.488412.3Department of Infection Diseases Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- grid.488412.3National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junqiang Lei
- grid.412643.60000 0004 1757 2902Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianlan Zheng
- grid.488412.3Department of Nursing, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengshu Wang
- grid.412643.60000 0004 1757 2902Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shu Yang
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XChengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Xixi Feng
- grid.413856.d0000 0004 1799 3643Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqun Wu
- Shenzhen Health Development Research Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihui He
- Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shihui Liu
- grid.414360.40000 0004 0605 7104Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yang Song
- grid.413396.a0000 0004 1768 8905Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre-Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhengxiu Luo
- grid.488412.3Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482Research Unit of Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU017), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Research Unit of Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU017), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. .,Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China. .,Lanzhou University GRADE Centre, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
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110
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Choi UI, Pang Y, Zheng Y, Tang PK, Hu H, Ung COL. Parents' intention for their children to receive COVID-19 vaccine: Implications for vaccination program in Macao. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:978661. [PMID: 36263149 PMCID: PMC9575691 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.978661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The decision about vaccinating children is subject to their parents' decision. To inform strategies that support full vaccination coverage, it is important to understand the parents' vaccination attitude and tendency to act. This study aims to investigate the intention and the factors affecting parents' decision-making about vaccinating their children. METHODS A cross-sectional, self-administered online questionnaire was completed by parents of children aged 3-12 yeas in Macao between 7 March and 17 April 2022. The survey tool was informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) which composes of the variable "intention" and three TPB constructs (Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control). Respondents rated their level of agreement on the construct statements using a 5-point Likert scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine if the TPB constructs were predictors of parents' intention. RESULTS A total of 1,217 parents completed the questionnaire. The majority of participants were mothers (83.2%), aged 31-40 years (62.7%), having two or more children (74.1%), had at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine (84.4%) and considered themselves knowledgeable about the vaccine (62.1%), all of which were significantly associated with the intention to vaccinate their children (all p < 0.05). Their intention varied from negative (19.1%), neutral (38.4%) to positive (42.5%). Respondents were mostly concerned about the serious side effects that the COVID-19 vaccine (mean = 3.96 ± 1.23), highly acknowledged the expectation by the school (mean = 3.94 ± 1.15) and the community (mean = 3.90 ± 1.19) of children vaccination, and rated highly the ease of making necessary arrangement (mean = 3.93 ± 1.25). In the multiple linear regression model which explained 63.5% of the variance in the intention-to-vaccinate their children, only Attitude (B = 0.52, p < 0.001) and Subjective Norm (B = 0.39, p < 0.001) were identified as strong predictors. The major reasons for not having intention were safety concerns (n = 646/699, 92.4%). Participants' most trusted local information sources were doctors (n = 682), government (n = 426) and healthcare professional organizations (n = 416). CONCLUSIONS Vaccinating children with COVID-19 vaccine is a complex decision-making for parents. A key to a successful COVID-19 vaccination program is effective communication about the safety profile and the usage experiences warranting the integration of reliable information sources across different healthcare sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un I Choi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yimin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao SAR, China
| | - Pou Kuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao SAR, China.,Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao SAR, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao SAR, China.,Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao SAR, China
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111
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Balakrishna K, Randhi U, Tammina B, Jangal S, Chandu K. A layman approach to adopt COVID-19 appropriate behaviour and vaccination: A narrative review. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ajprhc.ajprhc_12_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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112
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Feng Y, Zhang Y, He Z, Huang H, Tian X, Wang G, Chen D, Ren Y, Jia L, Wang W, Wu J, Shao L, Zhang W, Tang H, Wan Y. Immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people living with HIV-1: a non-randomized cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 43:101226. [PMID: 34901799 PMCID: PMC8642727 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective in the general population with intact immunity. However, their safety and immunogenicity have not been demonstrated in people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS 42 HIV-1 infected individuals who were stable on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and 28 healthy individuals were enrolled in this open-label two-arm non-randomized study at Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China. Two doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) were given on April 22, 2021 and May 25, 2021, respectively. The reactogenicity of the vaccine were evaluated by observing clinical adverse events and solicited local and systemic reactions. Humoral responses were measured by anti-spike IgG ELISA and surrogate neutralization assays. Cell-mediated immune responses and vaccine induced T cell activation were measured by flow cytometry. FINDINGS All the HIV-1 infected participants had a CD4+ T cell count >200 cells/μL both at baseline (659·0 ± 221·9 cells/μL) and 4 weeks after vaccination (476·9 ± 150·8 cells/μL). No solicited adverse reaction was observed among all participants. Similar binding antibody, neutralizing antibody and S protein specific T cell responses were elicited in PLWH and healthy individuals. PLWH with low baseline CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios (<0·6) generated lower antibody responses after vaccination than PLWH with medium (0·6∼1·0) or high (≥1·0) baseline CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios (P<0·01). The CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts of PLWH decreased significantly after vaccination (P<0·0001), but it did not lead to any adverse clinical manifestation. Moreover, we found that the general HIV-1 viral load among the PLWH cohort decreased significantly after vaccination (P=0·0192). The alteration of HIV-1 viral load was not significantly associated with the vaccine induced CD4+ T cell activation (P>0·2). INTERPRETATION Our data demonstrated that the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was safe, immunogenic in PLWH who are stable on cART with suppressed viral load and CD4+ T cell count > 200 cells/μL. However, the persistence of the vaccine-induced immunities in PLWH need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Feng
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Department of laboratory medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhangyufan He
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of laboratory medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Wuhan Pioneer Social Work Service Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiangxiang Tian
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Department of laboratory medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of laboratory medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Daihong Chen
- Department of laboratory medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yanqin Ren
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Liqiu Jia
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wanhai Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lingyun Shao
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Aging & Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Heng Tang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430065, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Heng Tang, Yanmin Wan
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Department of radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Heng Tang, Yanmin Wan
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Rudan I, Adeloye D, Katikireddi V, Murray J, Simpson C, Shah SA, Robertson C, Sheikh A. The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2020-2021: A complex discussion on vaccination. J Glob Health 2021; 11:01011. [PMID: 35047183 PMCID: PMC8763337 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Josie Murray
- COVID-19 Surveillance Lead, Public Health Scotland, Fife, UK
| | - Colin Simpson
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Chris Robertson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - EAVE II collaboration
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
- COVID-19 Surveillance Lead, Public Health Scotland, Fife, UK
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
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Peng XL, Cheng JSY, Gong HL, Yuan MD, Zhao XH, Li Z, Wei DX. Advances in the design and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:67. [PMID: 34911569 PMCID: PMC8674100 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the end of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2, which is highly infectious and prone to rapid mutation, encodes both structural and nonstructural proteins. Vaccination is currently the only effective method to prevent COVID-19, and structural proteins are critical targets for vaccine development. Currently, many vaccines are in clinical trials or are already on the market. This review highlights ongoing advances in the design of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines against COVID-19, including viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines and bionic nanoparticle vaccines. In addition to traditional inactivated virus vaccines, some novel vaccines based on viral vectors, nanoscience and synthetic biology also play important roles in combating COVID-19. However, many challenges persist in ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Liang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Ji-Si-Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Hai-Lun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Meng-Di Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634 Singapore
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 China
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