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Zhang Y, Li M, Guo Y, Liu S, Tao Y. The Organelle-Specific Regulations and Epigenetic Regulators in Ferroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:905501. [PMID: 35784729 PMCID: PMC9247141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.905501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is fairly different from other types of cell-death in biochemical processes, morphological changes and genetics as a special programmed cell-death. Here we summarize the current literatures on ferroptosis, including the cascade reaction of key material metabolism in the process, dysfunction of organelles, the relationship between different organelles and the way positive and negative key regulatory factors to affect ferroptosis in the epigenetic level. Based on material metabolism or epigenetic regulation, it is obvious that the regulatory network of ferroptosis is interrelated and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingrui Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiming Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yongguang Tao,
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102
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Steven CF, Lee M, Nichol GS, Davey PRJ, Chiarparin E, Brunton VG, Hulme AN. Design, Synthesis, and Analytical Evaluation of Fsp3‐Inspired Raman Probes for Cellular Imaging. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig F. Steven
- The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Martin Lee
- The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre Institute of Genetics and CancerCrewe Road South EH4 2XR Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Paul R. J. Davey
- AstraZeneca plc Oncology R&D AstraZeneca CB4 0WG Cambridge UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Valerie G. Brunton
- The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre Institute of Genetics and CancerCrewe Road South EH4 2XR Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Alison Nicola Hulme
- The University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine EaStCHEM School of Chemistry Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
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103
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Jiang H, Wang C, Zhang A, Li Y, Li J, Li Z, Yang X, Hou Y. ATF4 protects against sorafenib-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing ferroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113280. [PMID: 35724508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib (SOR) is an effective chemotherapy drug for hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, a long-standing clinical issue associated with SOR use is an increased risk of cardiotoxicity, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here we report that ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes is responsible for SOR-induced cardiotoxicity. The specific ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and deferoxamine mesylate, an iron chelator, significantly alleviate SOR-induced cardiac damage. RNA-sequencing revealed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response were predominately activated, which might be attributed to the lipid reactive oxygen species-mediated perturbation of the ER. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is one of the most significantly up-regulated genes, knockdown of ATF4 exacerbates cardiomyocyte ferroptosis induced by SOR, while overexpression of ATF4 promotes cell survival. Mice with AAV-mediated ATF4 knockdown exhibit lipid peroxidation and more severe cardiomyopathy. Further experiments demonstrated that ATF4 exerts its protective role by elevating SLC7A11 expression, a transport subunit of system Xc-, which promotes cystine uptake and glutathione biosynthesis. The cardioprotective effect of ATF4 was diminished by SLC7A11 knockdown in cardiomyocytes subjected to SOR treatment. Taken together, these findings show that ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes is an important cause of SOR-related cardiotoxicity. ATF4 acts as a key regulator to promote cardiomyocytes survival by up-regulation of SLC7A11 and suppression of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
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104
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Benson S, de Moliner F, Tipping W, Vendrell M. Miniaturized Chemical Tags for Optical Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Benson
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Fabio de Moliner
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research UNITED KINGDOM
| | - William Tipping
- University of Strathclyde Centre for Molecular Nanometrology UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Marc Vendrell
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
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105
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by an excessive lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes caused by the disruption of the antioxidant defense system and/or an imbalanced cellular metabolism. Ferroptosis differentiates from other forms of regulated cell death in that several metabolic pathways and nutritional aspects, including endogenous antioxidants (such as coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, and di/tetrahydrobiopterin), iron handling, energy sensing, selenium utilization, amino acids, and fatty acids, directly regulate the cells' sensitivity to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. As hallmarks of ferroptosis have been documented in a variety of diseases, including neurodegeneration, acute organ injury, and therapy-resistant tumors, the modulation of ferroptosis using pharmacological tools or by metabolic reprogramming holds great potential for the treatment of ferroptosis-associated diseases and cancer therapy. Hence, this review focuses on the regulation of ferroptosis by metabolic and nutritional cues and discusses the potential of nutritional interventions for therapy by targeting ferroptosis. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 42 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eikan Mishima
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; .,Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; .,Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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106
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Xia Z, Li Y, Li R, He X, Chen L, Li B, Liu S, Zhang G, Dong J, Li M, Tian Y. Supercritical CO 2 extraction of fermented soybean lipids against erastin-induced ferroptosis in rat pheochromocytoma cells. Food Chem 2022; 377:132051. [PMID: 35008017 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The optimum supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of fermented soybean lipids (FSE-C) was as follows: 35 °C, 30 MPa, and 2.40 ± 0.19% moisture content using response surface methodology. The fatty acid composition of FSE-C contained more palmitic acid and α-linolenic acid and less linoleic acid than unfermented soybean lipids (SE-C). FSE-C had higher contents of minor active components (phytosterols, squalene, total flavonoid, and total polyphenol) than SE-C. The protective effects of FSE-C on erastin-induced ferroptosis were investigated to reveal the potential mechanisms of action characterized by increasing cell viability and glutathione concentrations, attenuating levels of intracellular Fe2+ ion, lipid peroxidation, and ROS, as well as modifying mRNA expression (GPx4, SLC7A11, ACSL4, and LPCAT3) and lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that FSE-C is a class of active ingredients against erastin-induced ferroptosis and warrants further exploration and utilization as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yongzhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ruihong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xuanhui He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shijun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Junxing Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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107
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Zhang J, Sheng S, Wang W, Dai J, Zhong Y, Ren J, Jiang K, Li S, Bian X, Liu L. Molecular Mechanisms of Iron Mediated Programmed Cell Death and Its Roles in Eye Diseases. Front Nutr 2022; 9:844757. [PMID: 35495915 PMCID: PMC9038536 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.844757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a newly identified, iron-dependent type of programmed cell death, is active in several diseases, such as heart disease, brain damage, and cancer. Its main characteristics commonly involve excess iron accumulation, elevated lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species, and reduced levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 levels. The effects of ferroptosis in eye diseases cannot be underestimated, with ferroptosis becoming a research target in ocular disorders and emerging evidence from a series of in vivo and in vitro researches into ferroptosis revealing its role in eye conditions. However, no report provides comprehensive information on the pathophysiology of ferroptosis in eye diseases and its possible treatments. In the current review, we present an up-to-date overview of ferroptosis biology and its involvement in the pathological processes of ocular diseases. Furthermore, we pose several outstanding questions and areas for future research in this topic. We deem ferroptosis-associated cell death a pivotal new field of scientific study in ocular diseases and consider it a new therapeutic target in the treatment of some eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Shuai Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Jiazhen Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yifan Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiantao Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Keke Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Shuchan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bian
- Department of Ocular Surface, Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital, Boatou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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108
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Luo Y, Huang S, Wei J, Zhou H, Wang W, Yang J, Deng Q, Wang H, Fu Z. Long noncoding RNA LINC01606 protects colon cancer cells from ferroptotic cell death and promotes stemness by SCD1-Wnt/β-catenin-TFE3 feedback loop signalling. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e752. [PMID: 35485210 PMCID: PMC9052012 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is principally caused by iron catalytic activity and intracellular lipid peroxidation. Long
noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. However, the potential interplay between lncRNA
LINC01606 and ferroptosis in colon cancer remains elusive. Methods The expression level of LNC01606 in colon cancer tissue was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The functional role of LNC01606 was investigated by gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays both in vitro and in vivo. The LINC01606‐SCD1‐Wnt/β‐catenin‐TFE3 axis were screened and validated by DNA/RNA pull down, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase reporter.
Results The expression of lncRNA LINC01606 was frequently upregulated in human colon cancer and strongly
associated with a poor prognosis. LINC01606 functioned as an oncogene and promotes colon cancer cell growth,
invasion and stemness both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, LINC01606 protected colon cancer cells from ferroptosis by decreasing the concentration of iron, lipid reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, LINC01606 enhanced the expression of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), serving as a competing endogenous RNA to modulate miR‐423‐5p expression, subsequently activating the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, and transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3 (TFE3) increased LINC01606 transcription after recruitment to the promoter regions of LINC01606. Furthermore, we confirmed that upregulated LINC01606 and Wnt/β‐catenin formed a positive feedback regulatory loop, further inhibiting ferroptosis and enhancing stemness. Conclusions LINC01606 functions as an oncogene to facilitate tumor cell stemness, proliferation and inhibit ferroptosis and is a promising therapeutic target for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlai Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qican Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongxue Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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109
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Komai K, Kawasaki NK, Higa JK, Matsui T. The Role of Ferroptosis in Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:1399. [PMID: 35563704 PMCID: PMC9102292 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death and is distinct from other conventional forms of regulated cell death. It is often characterized by the dysfunction of the antioxidant selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) antioxidant system. This loss of antioxidant capacity leads to the peroxidation of lipids and subsequent compromised plasma membrane structure. Disruption of the GPX4 antioxidant system has been associated with various conditions such as cardiomyopathy and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. GPX4 regulates lipid peroxidation, and chemical or genetic inhibition of GPX4 leads to reduced cardiac function. Iron chelators or antioxidants can be used for inhibiting ferroptosis, which restores functionality in in vivo and ex vivo experiments and confers overall cardioprotective effects against I/R injury. Moreover, suppression of ferroptosis also suppresses inflammation and limits the extent of left ventricle remodeling after I/R injury. Future research is necessary to understand the role of ferroptosis following an ischemic incident and can lead to the discovery of more potential therapeutics that prevent ferroptosis in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Komai
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (K.K.); (N.K.K.); (J.K.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nicholas K. Kawasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (K.K.); (N.K.K.); (J.K.H.)
| | - Jason K. Higa
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (K.K.); (N.K.K.); (J.K.H.)
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (K.K.); (N.K.K.); (J.K.H.)
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110
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Li W, Xiang Z, Xing Y, Li S, Shi S. Mitochondria bridge HIF signaling and ferroptosis blockage in acute kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:308. [PMID: 35387983 PMCID: PMC8986825 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFerroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, plays an important role in acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies have shown that prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD) inhibitors that activate HIF signaling provide strong protection against AKI, which is characterized by marked cell death. However, the relationship between PHD inhibition/HIF signaling and ferroptosis in AKI has not been elucidated. Here, we review recent studies to explore the issue. First, we will review the literature concerning the functions of HIF in promoting mitophagy, suppressing mitochondrial respiration and modulating redox homeostasis. Second, we will describe the current understanding of ferroptosis and its role in AKI, particularly from the perspective of mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we will discuss the possibility that mitochondria link PHD inhibition/HIF signaling and ferroptosis in AKI. In conclusion, we propose that HIF may protect renal cells against ferroptosis in AKI by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and damage.
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111
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Long HZ, Cheng Y, Zhou ZW, Luo HY, Wen DD, Gao LC. The key roles of organelles and ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1257-1280. [PMID: 35293012 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disease, is a striking global health problem. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation products and the accumulation of lethal reactive oxygen species. Strict regulation of iron metabolism is essential to ensure neuronal homeostasis. Excess and deficiency of iron are both associated with neurodegeneration. Studies have shown that oxidative stress caused by cerebral iron metabolism disorders in the body is involved in the process of AD, ferroptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, and regulating ferroptosis is expected to be a new direction for the treatment of AD. Various organelles are closely related to ferroptosis: mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosome are involved in the regulation of ferroptosis from the aspects of iron metabolism and redox imbalance. In this review, the relationship between AD and the dysfunction of organelles (including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, and Golgi apparatus) and the role of organelles in ferroptosis of AD were reviewed to provide insights for understanding the relationship between organelles and ferroptosis in AD and the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhi Long
- School of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong-Yu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Li-Chen Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
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112
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Tian C, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhu P, Zhao M. Mitochondria Related Cell Death Modalities and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:832356. [PMID: 35321239 PMCID: PMC8935059 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.832356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as the centre of energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. However, they can not only generate ATP through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation but also control the mode of cell death through various mechanisms, especially regulated cell death (RCD), such as apoptosis, mitophagy, NETosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, entosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, alkaliptosis, autosis, clockophagy and oxeiptosis. These mitochondria-associated modes of cell death can lead to a variety of diseases. During cell growth, these modes of cell death are programmed, meaning that they can be induced or predicted. Mitochondria-based treatments have been shown to be effective in many trials. Therefore, mitochondria have great potential for the treatment of many diseases. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria are involved in modes of cell death, as well as basic research and the latest clinical progress in related fields. We also detail a variety of organ system diseases related to mitochondria, including nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, digestive system diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases, urinary system diseases and cancer. We highlight the role that mitochondria play in these diseases and suggest possible therapeutic directions as well as pressing issues that need to be addressed today. Because of the key role of mitochondria in cell death, a comprehensive understanding of mitochondria can help provide more effective strategies for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuwen Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuoshu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Zhu, ; Mingyi Zhao,
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Development and Validation of a Necroptosis-Related Prognostic Model in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8402568. [PMID: 35222645 PMCID: PMC8881120 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8402568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a new regulated cell-death mechanism that plays a critical role in various cancers. However, few studies have considered necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) as prognostic indexes for cancer. As one of the most common cancers in the world, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) lacks effective diagnostic strategies at present. Hence, a series of novel prognostic indexes are required to support clinical diagnosis. Recently, many studies have confirmed that necroptosis was a key regulated mechanism in HNSCC, but no systematic study has ever studied the correlation between necroptosis-related signatures and the prognosis of HNSCC. Thus, in the current study, we aimed to construct a risk model of necroptosis-related signatures for HNSCC. We acquired 159 NRGs from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and compared them with samples of normal tissue downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), ultimately screening 38 differentially expressed NRGs (DE-NRGs). Then, by Cox regression analysis, we successfully identified 7 NRGs as prognostic factors. We next separated patients into high- and low-risk groups via the prognostic model consisting of 7 NRGs. Individuals in the high-risk group had much shorter overall survival (OS) times than their counterparts. Furthermore, using Cox regression analysis, we confirmed the necroptosis-related prognostic model to be an independent prognostic factor for HNSCC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis proved the predictive ability of this model. Finally, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets (GSE65858, GSE4163) were used as independent databases to verify the model’s predictive ability, and similar results obtained from two data sets confirmed our conclusion. Collectively, in this study, we first referred to necroptosis-related signatures as an independent prognostic model for cancer via bioinformatics measures, and the necroptosis-related prognostic model we constructed could precisely forecast the OS time of patients with HNSCC. Utilizing the model may significantly improve the diagnostic rate and provide a series of new targets for treatment in the future.
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Bell HN, Rebernick RJ, Goyert J, Singhal R, Kuljanin M, Kerk SA, Huang W, Das NK, Andren A, Solanki S, Miller SL, Todd PK, Fearon ER, Lyssiotis CA, Gygi SP, Mancias JD, Shah YM. Reuterin in the healthy gut microbiome suppresses colorectal cancer growth through altering redox balance. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:185-200.e6. [PMID: 34951957 PMCID: PMC8847337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbial dysbiosis is a colorectal cancer (CRC) hallmark and contributes to inflammation, tumor growth, and therapy response. Gut microbes signal via metabolites, but how the metabolites impact CRC is largely unknown. We interrogated fecal metabolites associated with mouse models of colon tumorigenesis with varying mutational load. We find that microbial metabolites from healthy mice or humans are growth-repressive, and this response is attenuated in mice and patients with CRC. Microbial profiling reveals that Lactobacillus reuteri and its metabolite, reuterin, are downregulated in mouse and human CRC. Reuterin alters redox balance, and reduces proliferation and survival in colon cancer cells. Reuterin induces selective protein oxidation and inhibits ribosomal biogenesis and protein translation. Exogenous Lactobacillus reuteri restricts colon tumor growth, increases tumor reactive oxygen species, and decreases protein translation in vivo. Our findings indicate that a healthy microbiome and specifically, Lactobacillus reuteri, is protective against CRC through microbial metabolite exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N Bell
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ryan J Rebernick
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua Goyert
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rashi Singhal
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Miljan Kuljanin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel A Kerk
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wesley Huang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nupur K Das
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sumeet Solanki
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shannon L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter K Todd
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; VA Ann Arbor HealthCare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric R Fearon
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph D Mancias
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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115
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated iron-dependent cell death mechanism accompanied by the accumulation of peroxidized phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylethanolamine, in the cell. It occurs due to the disbalance between production and elimination of oxidized phospholipids in response to ferroptotic stimuli. A growing body of recent studies indicates that ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases leading to organ/tissue abnormalities. Due to their central role in ATP synthesis, ROS production, iron homeostasis, and redox status, mitochondria have been proposed to mediate ferroptotic signaling pathways. However, precise mechanisms underlying the potential role of mitochondria in ferroptosis remain unrevealed. This review summarizes and discusses previous studies on the contribution of mitochondria to ferroptotic cell death and highlights future directions elucidating the mitochondria as a promising target to prevent cell death through blocking ferroptosis.
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Metabolic regulation of ferroptosis in the tumor microenvironment. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101617. [PMID: 35065965 PMCID: PMC8892088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death triggered by impaired redox and antioxidant machinery and propagated by the accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides. A compendium of experimental studies suggest that ferroptosis is tumor-suppressive. Sensitivity or resistance to ferroptosis can be regulated by cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous metabolic mechanisms. This includes a role for ferroptosis that extends beyond the tumor cells themselves, mediated by components of the tumor microenvironment, including T cells and other immune cells. Herein, we review the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that promote the sensitivity of cancer cells to ferroptosis and conclude by describing approaches to harness the full utility of ferroptotic agents as therapeutic options for cancer therapy.
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117
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Air Plasma-Activated Medium Evokes a Death-Associated Perinuclear Mitochondrial Clustering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031124. [PMID: 35163042 PMCID: PMC8835529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intractable cancers such as osteosarcoma (OS) and oral cancer (OC) are highly refractory, recurrent, and metastatic once developed, and their prognosis is still disappointing. Tumor-targeted therapy, which eliminates cancers effectively and safely, is the current clinical choice. Since aggressive tumors are substantially resistant to multidisciplinary therapies that target apoptosis, tumor-specific activation of another cell death modality is a promising avenue for meeting this goal. Here, we report that a cold atmospheric air plasma-activated medium (APAM) can kill OS and OC by causing a unique mitochondrial clustering. This event was named monopolar perinuclear mitochondrial clustering (MPMC) based on its characteristic unipolar mitochondrial perinuclear accumulation. The APAM caused apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death. The APAM increased mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and cell death, and the antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented them. MPMC occurred following mitochondrial fragmentation, which coincided with nuclear damages. MPMC was accompanied by mitochondrial lipid peroxide (mLPO) accumulation and prevented by NAC, Ferrostatin-1, and Nocodazole. In contrast, the APAM induced minimal cell death, mROS generation, mLPO accumulation, and MPMC in fibroblasts. These results suggest that MPMC occurs in a tumor-specific manner via mitochondrial oxidative stress and microtubule-driven mitochondrial motility. MPMC induction might serve as a promising target for exerting tumor-specific cytotoxicity.
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118
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Ge C, Zhang S, Mu H, Zheng S, Tan Z, Huang X, Xu C, Zou J, Zhu Y, Feng D, Aa J. Emerging Mechanisms and Disease Implications of Ferroptosis: Potential Applications of Natural Products. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:774957. [PMID: 35118067 PMCID: PMC8804219 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of regulatory cell death (RCD), has been demonstrated to be distinct from other types of RCD, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and oxidative perturbation, and is inhibited by iron chelators and lipophilic antioxidants. This process is regulated by specific pathways and is implicated in diverse biological contexts, mainly including iron homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. A large body of evidence suggests that ferroptosis is interrelated with various physiological and pathological processes, including tumor progression (neuro)degenerative diseases, and hepatic and renal failure. There is an urgent need for the discovery of novel effective ferroptosis-modulating compounds, even though some experimental reagents and approved clinical drugs have been well documented to have anti- or pro-ferroptotic properties. This review outlines recent advances in molecular mechanisms of the ferroptotic death process and discusses its multiple roles in diverse pathophysiological contexts. Furthermore, we summarize chemical compounds and natural products, that act as inducers or inhibitors of ferroptosis in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Herein, it is particularly highlighted that natural products show promising prospects in ferroptosis-associated (adjuvant) therapy with unique advantages of having multiple components, multiple biotargets and slight side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiwen Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaojun Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoyi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xintong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Zou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yubing Zhu, ; Dong Feng, ; Jiye Aa,
| | - Dong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Southern Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yubing Zhu, ; Dong Feng, ; Jiye Aa,
| | - Jiye Aa
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yubing Zhu, ; Dong Feng, ; Jiye Aa,
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119
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Zhang S, Xin W, Anderson GJ, Li R, Gao L, Chen S, Zhao J, Liu S. Double-edge sword roles of iron in driving energy production versus instigating ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 35013137 PMCID: PMC8748693 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron is vital for many physiological functions, including energy production, and dysregulated iron homeostasis underlies a number of pathologies. Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of regulated cell death that is characterized by iron dependency and lipid peroxidation, and this process has been reported to be involved in multiple diseases. The mechanisms underlying ferroptosis are complex, and involve both well-described pathways (including the iron-induced Fenton reaction, impaired antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial dysfunction) and novel interactions linked to cellular energy production. In this review, we examine the contribution of iron to diverse metabolic activities and their relationship to ferroptosis. There is an emphasis on the role of iron in driving energy production and its link to ferroptosis under both physiological and pathological conditions. In conclusion, excess reactive oxygen species production driven by disordered iron metabolism, which induces Fenton reaction and/or impairs mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, is a key inducer of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Ruibin Li
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Sijin Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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120
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Wu C, Du M, Yu R, Cheng Y, Wu B, Fu J, Tan W, Zhou Q, Balawi E, Liao ZB. A novel mechanism linking ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via the circPtpn14/miR-351-5p/5-LOX signaling in melatonin-mediated treatment of traumatic brain injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:271-294. [PMID: 34883251 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to disability or devastating consequences with few established treatments. Although ferroptosis has been shown to be involved in TBI, the underlying mechanism was rarely known. Melatonin has been indicated to exhibit neuroprotective activities. However, the anti-ferroptotic effects of melatonin on TBI have not yet to be elucidated. We aimed to investigate whether ferroptosis was induced in humans after TBI and whether ferroptosis inhibition by melatonin could protect against blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage after TBI in vivo and in vitro. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly expressed in the brain. For the first time, differentially expressed circRNA after melatonin treatment for TBI were detected by RNA sequencing. We found that lipid peroxidation was induced in humans after TBI, while melatonin significantly improved brain function of mice after TBI and alleviated ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in vivo and in vitro. A total of 1826 differentially expressed circRNAs were found (fold change >2, Q < 0.01), including 921 down-regulated and 905 up-regulated circRNAs in the injured brain tissues of TBI mice receiving melatonin treatment. Mechanistically, melatonin administration reduced the level of circPtpn14 (mmu_circ_0000130), which functioned by acting as a miR-351-5p sponge to positively regulate the expression of the ferroptosis-related 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Moreover, circPtpn14 overexpression partly abolished the inhibitory effects of melatonin on ferroptosis. Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that melatonin could exert anti-ferroptotic and anti-ER stress effects in brain injury by alleviating lipid peroxidation via the circPtpn14/miR-351-5p/5-LOX signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengran Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Biying Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiayuanyuan Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weilin Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ehab Balawi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Z B Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Tipping WJ, Merchant AS, Fearon R, Tomkinson NCO, Faulds K, Graham D. Temporal imaging of drug dynamics in live cells using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and a perfusion cell culture system. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1154-1164. [PMID: 36128503 PMCID: PMC9428671 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal imaging of drug uptake and cell viability analysis in the same live cell population is enabled using a perfusion cell culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Andrew S. Merchant
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Rebecca Fearon
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | | | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
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122
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Shanmugam MK, Sethi G. Molecular mechanisms of cell death. MECHANISMS OF CELL DEATH AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THERAPEUTIC DEVELOPMENT 2022:65-92. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814208-0.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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123
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Discovery of Sulforaphane as an Inducer of Ferroptosis in U-937 Leukemia Cells: Expanding Its Anticancer Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010076. [PMID: 35008240 PMCID: PMC8750507 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, natural compounds have emerged as inducers of non-canonical cell death. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) is a well-known natural anticancer compound with remarkable pro-apoptotic activity. Its ability to promote non-apoptotic cell-death mechanisms remains poorly investigated. This work aimed to explore the capacity of SFN to induce non-apoptotic cell death modalities. SFN was tested on different acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. The mechanism of cell death was investigated using a multi-parametric approach including fluorescence microscopy, western blotting, and flow cytometry. SFN triggered different cell-death modalities in a dose-dependent manner. At 25 μM, SFN induced caspase-dependent apoptosis and at 50 μM ferroptosis was induced through depletion of glutathione (GSH), decreased GSH peroxidase 4 protein expression, and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, necroptosis was not involved in SFN-induced cell death, as demonstrated by the non-significant increase in phosphorylation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 and phosphorylation of the necroptotic effector mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase. Taken together, our results suggest that the antileukemic activity of SFN can be mediated via both ferroptotic and apoptotic cell death modalities.
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124
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Valashedi MR, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Nikoo A, Bamshad C, Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Sato T, Roushandeh AM, Roudkenar MH. Cashing in on ferroptosis against tumor cells: Usher in the next chapter. Life Sci 2021; 285:119958. [PMID: 34534562 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) driven by unrestricted lethal lipid peroxidation, which is totally distinct from other forms of RCD in genetic and biochemical characteristics. It is generally believed that iron dependency, malfunction of the redox system, and excessive lipid peroxidation are the main hallmarks of ferroptosis. Accumulating pieces of evidence over the past few years have shown that ferroptosis is tightly related to various types of diseases, especially cancers. Ferroptosis has recently attracted great attention in the field of cancer research. A plethora of evidence shows that employing ferroptosis as a powerful weapon can remarkably enhance the efficacy of tumor cell annihilation. Better knowledge of the ferroptosis mechanisms and their interplay with cancer biology would enable us to use this fashionable tool in the best way. Herein, we will briefly present the relevant mechanisms of ferroptosis, the multifaceted relation between ferroptosis and cancer, encompassing tumor immunity, overcoming chemoresistance, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In the end, we will also briefly discuss the potential approaches to ferroptosis-based cancer therapy, such as using drugs and small molecules, nanoparticles, mitochondrial targeting, and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rabiee Valashedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirsadegh Nikoo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Chia Bamshad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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125
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Vats K, Kruglov O, Mizes A, Samovich SN, Amoscato AA, Tyurin VA, Tyurina YY, Kagan VE, Bunimovich YL. Keratinocyte death by ferroptosis initiates skin inflammation after UVB exposure. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102143. [PMID: 34592565 PMCID: PMC8487085 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) causes skin inflammation, which contributes to the causality and the exacerbation of a number of cutaneous diseases. However, the mechanism of UVB-driven inflammation in the skin remains poorly understood. We show that ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic programmed cell death pathway that is promoted by an excessive phospholipid peroxidation, is activated in the epidermal keratinocytes after their exposure to UVB. The susceptibility of the keratinocytes to UVB-induced ferroptosis depends on the extent of pro-ferroptosis death signal generation and the dysregulation of the glutathione system. Inhibition of ferroptosis prevents the release of HMGB1 from the human epidermal keratinocytes, and blocks necroinflammation in the UVB-irradiated mouse skin. We show that while apoptosis and pyroptosis are also detectable in the keratinocytes after UVB exposure, ferroptosis plays a significant role in initiating UVB-induced inflammation in the skin. Our results have important implications for the prevention and the treatment of a broad range of skin diseases which are fostered by UVB-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Vats
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Oleg Kruglov
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alicia Mizes
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Svetlana N Samovich
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yuri L Bunimovich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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126
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Bakthavatsalam S, Dodo K, Sodeoka M. A decade of alkyne-tag Raman imaging (ATRI): applications in biological systems. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1415-1429. [PMID: 34704046 PMCID: PMC8496067 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyne functional groups have Raman signatures in a region (1800 cm-1 to 2800 cm-1) that is free from interference from cell components, known as the "silent region", and alkyne signals in this region were first utilized a decade ago to visualize the nuclear localization of a thymidine analogue EdU. Since then, the strategy of Raman imaging of biological samples by using alkyne functional groups, called alkyne-tag Raman imaging (ATRI), has become widely used. This article reviews the applications of ATRI in biological samples ranging from organelles to whole animal models, and briefly discusses the prospects for this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Bakthavatsalam
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kosuke Dodo
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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127
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Egoshi S, Dodo K, Ohgane K, Sodeoka M. Deuteration of terminal alkynes realizes simultaneous live cell Raman imaging of similar alkyne-tagged biomolecules. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8232-8236. [PMID: 34528645 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01479j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alkynes were employed as tags to observe small molecules in cells by Raman microscopy. Herein, simple deuteration was found to shift the vibrational frequency of the alkyne by 135 cm-1. Two-color Raman imaging of D-alkynes and H-alkynes made it possible to distinguish between and observe similar small molecules in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syusuke Egoshi
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Dodo
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohgane
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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128
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Hirata Y, Tsunekawa Y, Takahashi M, Oh-Hashi K, Kawaguchi K, Hayazaki M, Watanabe M, Koga KI, Hattori Y, Takemori H, Furuta K. Identification of novel neuroprotective N,N-dimethylaniline derivatives that prevent oxytosis/ferroptosis and localize to late endosomes and lysosomes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:225-235. [PMID: 34407426 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the aging process and the progression of many neurodegenerative disorders. We previously reported that a novel oxindole compound, GIF-0726-r, effectively prevents endogenous oxidative stress, such as oxytosis/ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, in mouse hippocampal cells. In this study, using two hundred compounds that were developed based on the structure-activity relationship of GIF-0726-r, we screened for the most potent compounds that prevent glutamate- and erastin-induced oxytosis and ferroptosis. Using submicromolar concentrations, we identified nine neuroprotective compounds that have N,N-dimethylaniline as a common structure but no longer contain an oxindole ring. The most potent derivatives, GIF-2114 and GIF-2197-r (the racemate of GIF-2115 and GIF-2196), did not affect glutathione levels, had no antioxidant activity in vitro, or ability to activate the Nrf2 pathway, but prevented oxytosis/ferroptosis via reducing reactive oxygen production and decreasing ferrous ions. Furthermore, we developed fluorescent probes of GIF-2114 and GIF-2197-r to image their distribution in live cells and found that they preferentially accumulated in late endosomes/lysosomes, which play a central role in iron metabolism. These results suggest that GIF-2114 and GIF-2197-r protect hippocampal cells from oxytosis/ferroptosis by targeting late endosomes and lysosomes, as well as decreasing ferrous ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hirata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsunekawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mayu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oh-Hashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kyoka Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masumi Hayazaki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Miyu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Koga
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yurika Hattori
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Kyoji Furuta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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129
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Chen X, Kang R, Kroemer G, Tang D. Organelle-specific regulation of ferroptosis. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2843-2856. [PMID: 34465893 PMCID: PMC8481335 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a cell death modality characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is involved in the development of multiple pathological conditions, including ischemic tissue damage, infection, neurodegeneration, and cancer. The cellular machinery responsible for the execution of ferroptosis integrates multiple pro-survival or pro-death signals from subcellular organelles and then 'decides' whether to engage the lethal process or not. Here, we outline the evidence implicating different organelles (including mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, peroxisomes, Golgi apparatus, and nucleus) in the ignition or avoidance of ferroptosis, while emphasizing their potential relevance for human disease and their targetability for pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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130
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Wilson LT, Tipping WJ, Wetherill C, Henley Z, Faulds K, Graham D, Mackay SP, Tomkinson NCO. Mitokyne: A Ratiometric Raman Probe for Mitochondrial pH. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12786-12792. [PMID: 34505518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial pH (pHmito) is intimately related to mitochondrial function, and aberrant values for pHmito are linked to several disease states. We report the design, synthesis, and application of mitokyne 1-the first small molecule pHmito sensor for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. This ratiometric probe can determine subtle changes in pHmito in response to external stimuli and the inhibition of both the electron transport chain and ATP synthase with small molecule inhibitors. In addition, 1 was also used to monitor mitochondrial dynamics in a time-resolved manner with subcellular spatial resolution during mitophagy providing a powerful tool for dissecting the molecular and cell biology of this critical organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam T Wilson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Wetherill
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Zoë Henley
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Mackay
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas C O Tomkinson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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131
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Ferroptosis Meets Cell-Cell Contacts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092462. [PMID: 34572111 PMCID: PMC8471828 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death characterized by iron dependency and increased lipid peroxidation. Initially assumed to be selectively induced in tumour cells, there is increasing evidence that ferroptosis plays an important role in pathophysiology and numerous cell types and tissues. Deregulated ferroptosis has been linked to human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Along these lines, ferroptosis is a promising pathway to overcoming therapy resistance of cancer cells. It is therefore of utmost importance to understand the cellular signalling pathways and the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis regulation, including context-specific effects mediated by the neighbouring cells through cell–cell contacts. Here, we give an overview on the molecular events and machinery linked to ferroptosis induction and commitment. We further summarize and discuss current knowledge about the role of cell–cell contacts, which differ in ferroptosis regulation between normal somatic cells and cancer cells. We present emerging concepts on the underlying mechanisms, address open questions, and discuss the possible impact of cell–cell contacts on exploiting ferroptosis in cancer therapy.
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132
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Guan Y, Liang X, Ma Z, Hu H, Liu H, Miao Z, Linkermann A, Hellwege JN, Voight BF, Susztak K. A single genetic locus controls both expression of DPEP1/CHMP1A and kidney disease development via ferroptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5078. [PMID: 34426578 PMCID: PMC8382756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci for kidney disease, but the causal variants, genes, and pathways remain unknown. Here we identify two kidney disease genes Dipeptidase 1 (DPEP1) and Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 1 A (CHMP1A) via the triangulation of kidney function GWAS, human kidney expression, and methylation quantitative trait loci. Using single-cell chromatin accessibility and genome editing, we fine map the region that controls the expression of both genes. Mouse genetic models demonstrate the causal roles of both genes in kidney disease. Cellular studies indicate that both Dpep1 and Chmp1a are important regulators of a single pathway, ferroptosis and lead to kidney disease development via altering cellular iron trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Guan
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiujie Liang
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ziyuan Ma
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hailong Hu
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Miao
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Graduate group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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133
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Punicic Acid Triggers Ferroptotic Cell Death in Carcinoma Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082751. [PMID: 34444911 PMCID: PMC8399984 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) have been widely studied for their preventive and therapeutic properties against diverse diseases such as cancer. In particular, punicic acid (PunA), a conjugated linolenic acid isomer (C18:3 c9t11c13) present at up to 83% in pomegranate seed oil, has been shown to exert anti-cancer effects, although the mechanism behind its cytotoxicity remains unclear. Ferroptosis, a cell death triggered by an overwhelming accumulation of lipid peroxides, has recently arisen as a potential mechanism underlying CLnA cytotoxicity. In the present study, we show that PunA is highly cytotoxic to HCT-116 colorectal and FaDu hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells grown either in monolayers or as three-dimensional spheroids. Moreover, our data indicate that PunA triggers ferroptosis in carcinoma cells. It induces significant lipid peroxidation and its effects are prevented by the addition of ferroptosis inhibitors. A combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a known polyunsaturated fatty acid with anticancer properties, synergistically increases PunA cytotoxicity. Our findings highlight the potential of using PunA as a ferroptosis-sensitizing phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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134
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Gan B. Mitochondrial regulation of ferroptosis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212523. [PMID: 34328510 PMCID: PMC8329737 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent regulated cell death driven by uncontrolled lipid peroxidation. Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that have essential roles in energy production, cellular metabolism, and cell death regulation. However, their role in ferroptosis has been unclear and somewhat controversial. In this Perspective, I summarize the diverse metabolic processes in mitochondria that actively drive ferroptosis, discuss recently discovered mitochondria-localized defense systems that detoxify mitochondrial lipid peroxides and protect against ferroptosis, present new evidence for the roles of mitochondria in regulating ferroptosis, and outline outstanding questions on this fascinating topic for future investigations. An in-depth understanding of mitochondria functions in ferroptosis will have important implications for both fundamental cell biology and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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135
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, which is characterized by a large amount of lipid peroxide accumulation and the imbalance of redox state in cells. Ferroptosis is usually accompanied with the dysfunction of lipid repair enzyme (glutathione peroxidase 4, GPX4), large masses of iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Ferroptosis is related to several signaling pathways, including amino acid and iron metabolism, ferritinophagy, cell adhesion and p53 and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways. A number of studies have indicated that ferroptosis is closely associated with acute renal failure, tumor, ischemia and reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases and liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis, which has long been a global health problem, still lacks effective treatment till now, and the discovery of ferroptosis provides a new insight into addressing this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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136
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Hu H, Chen Y, Jing L, Zhai C, Shen L. The Link Between Ferroptosis and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Novel Target for Treatment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:710963. [PMID: 34368260 PMCID: PMC8341300 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.710963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death, which is characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and other types of cell death in morphology and function. Ferroptosis is regulated by a variety of factors and controlled by several mechanisms, including mitochondrial activity and metabolism of iron, lipid, and amino acids. Accumulating evidence shows that ferroptosis is closely related to a majority of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, and atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the current status of ferroptosis and discusses ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunqing Chen
- Department of Infection, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lele Jing
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changlin Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
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137
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Yuan ZH, Liu T, Wang H, Xue LX, Wang JJ. Fatty Acids Metabolism: The Bridge Between Ferroptosis and Ionizing Radiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675617. [PMID: 34249928 PMCID: PMC8264768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of tumor cells to ionizing radiation (IR) alters the microenvironment, particularly the fatty acid (FA) profile and activity. Moreover, abnormal FA metabolism, either catabolism or anabolism, is essential for synthesizing biological membranes and delivering molecular signals to induce ferroptotic cell death. The current review focuses on the bistable regulation characteristics of FA metabolism and explains how FA catabolism and anabolism pathway crosstalk harmonize different ionizing radiation-regulated ferroptosis responses, resulting in pivotal cell fate decisions. In summary, targeting key molecules involved in lipid metabolism and ferroptosis may amplify the tumor response to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-hui Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-xiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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138
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Li C, Liu J, Hou W, Kang R, Tang D. STING1 Promotes Ferroptosis Through MFN1/2-Dependent Mitochondrial Fusion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698679. [PMID: 34195205 PMCID: PMC8236825 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent regulated cell death caused by the disruption that occurs when oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses interact, and then driven by lipid peroxidation and subsequent plasma membrane ruptures. The regulation of ferroptosis involves many factors, including the crosstalk between subcellular organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, lipid droplets, and peroxisomes. Here, we show that the ER protein STING1 (also known as STING or TMEM173) promotes ferroptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines by increasing MFN1/2-dependent mitochondrial fusion, but not mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial removal. The classic ferroptosis inducer erastin, but not sulfasalazine, induces the accumulation of STING1 in the mitochondria, where it binds to MFN1/2 to trigger mitochondrial fusion, leading to subsequent reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation. Consequently, in vitro or xenograft mouse models show that the genetic depletion of STING1 or MFN1/2 (but not the mitophagy regulator PINK1 or PRKN) reduces the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to ferroptosis. These findings not only establish a new mitochondrial fusion-dependent cell death mechanism, but also indicate a potential strategy for enhancing ferroptosis-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Li
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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139
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Ferroptosis in Different Pathological Contexts Seen through the Eyes of Mitochondria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5537330. [PMID: 34211625 PMCID: PMC8205588 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5537330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently described form of regulated cell death characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and severe lipid peroxidation due to an impaired cysteine-glutathione-glutathione peroxidase 4 antioxidant defence axis. One of the hallmarks of ferroptosis is a specific morphological phenotype characterized by extensive ultrastructural changes of mitochondria. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria play a significant role in the induction and execution of ferroptosis. The present review summarizes existing knowledge about the mitochondrial impact on ferroptosis in different pathological states, primarily cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we highlight pathologies in which the ferroptosis/mitochondria relation remains to be investigated, where the process of ferroptosis has been confirmed (such as liver- and kidney-related pathologies) and those in which ferroptosis has not been studied yet, such as diabetes. We will bring attention to avenues that could be followed in future research, based on the use of mitochondria-targeted approaches as anti- and proferroptotic strategies and directed to the improvement of existing and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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140
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Asperti M, Bellini S, Grillo E, Gryzik M, Cantamessa L, Ronca R, Maccarinelli F, Salvi A, De Petro G, Arosio P, Mitola S, Poli M. H-ferritin suppression and pronounced mitochondrial respiration make Hepatocellular Carcinoma cells sensitive to RSL3-induced ferroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:294-303. [PMID: 33892112 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death dependent on iron, reactive oxygen species and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides. It can be experimentally initiated by chemicals, such as erastin and RSL3, that modulate GPX4 activity, the cellular antioxidant machinery that avert lipid peroxidation. The study aimed to investigate mitochondrial respiration and ferritin function as biomarkers of ferroptosis sensitivity of HepG2 and HA22T/VGH, two Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) cell line models. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, labile iron levels were determined using Calcein-AM fluorescence microscopy, ferritin, glutathione and lipid peroxidation were assayed with commercially available kits. The Seahorse assay was used to investigate mitochondrial function in the cells. The study shows that highly differentiated HepG2 cells were more sensitive to RSL3-induced ferroptosis than the poorly differentiated HA22T/VGH (HCC) cell line (RSL3 IC50 0.07 μM in HepG2 vs 0.3 μM in HA22T/VGH). Interestingly, HepG2 exhibited higher mitochondrial respiration and lower glycolytic activity than HA22T/VGH and were more sensitive to RSL3-induced ferroptosis, indicating a mitochondrial-specific mechanism of action of RSL3. Interestingly, iron metabolism seems to be involved in this different sensitivity, specifically, the downregulation of H-ferritin (but not of L-subunit), makes HA22T/VGH more sensitive toward both RSL3-and iron-induced ferroptosis. Hence only the H-ferritin seems involved in the protection from this cell death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Asperti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Sonia Bellini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Gryzik
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Cantamessa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Maccarinelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Petro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maura Poli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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141
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Zhuge M, Huang K, Lee HJ, Jiang Y, Tan Y, Lin H, Dong P, Zhao G, Matei D, Yang Q, Cheng J. Ultrasensitive Vibrational Imaging of Retinoids by Visible Preresonance Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003136. [PMID: 33977045 PMCID: PMC8097318 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High-sensitivity chemical imaging offers a window to decipher the molecular orchestra inside a living system. Based on vibrational fingerprint signatures, coherent Raman scattering microscopy provides a label-free approach to map biomolecules and drug molecules inside a cell. Yet, by near-infrared (NIR) pulse excitation, the sensitivity is limited to millimolar concentration for endogenous biomolecules. Here, the imaging sensitivity of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is significantly boosted for retinoid molecules to 34 micromolar via electronic preresonance in the visible wavelength regime. Retinoids play critical roles in development, immunity, stem cell differentiation, and lipid metabolism. By visible preresonance SRS (VP-SRS) imaging, retinoid distribution in single embryonic neurons and mouse brain tissues is mapped, retinoid storage in chemoresistant pancreatic and ovarian cancers is revealed, and retinoids stored in protein network and lipid droplets of Caenorahbditis elegans are identified. These results demonstrate VP-SRS microscopy as an ultrasensitive label-free chemical imaging tool and collectively open new opportunities of understanding the function of retinoids in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Zhuge
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationCollege of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Kai‐Chih Huang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Hyeon Jeong Lee
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Yuying Tan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Haonan Lin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Pu‐Ting Dong
- Department of ChemistryBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL60611USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationCollege of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme OpticsShanxi UniversityTaiyuan030006China
| | - Ji‐Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Photonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
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142
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Vučković AM, Venerando R, Tibaldi E, Bosello Travain V, Roveri A, Bordin L, Miotto G, Cozza G, Toppo S, Maiorino M, Ursini F. Aerobic pyruvate metabolism sensitizes cells to ferroptosis primed by GSH depletion. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:45-53. [PMID: 33711415 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-accidental, regulated form of cell death operated by lipid peroxidation under strict control of GPx4 activity. This is consistent with the notion that lipid peroxidation is initiated by radicals produced from decomposition of traces of pre-existing lipid hydroperoxides. The question, therefore, emerges about the formation of these traces of lipid hydroperoxides interacting with Fe2+. In the most realistic option, they are produced by oxygen activated species generated during aerobic metabolism. Screening for metabolic sources of superoxide supporting ferroptosis induced by GSH depletion, we failed to detect, in our cell model, a role of respiratory chain. We observed instead that the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex -as other α keto acid dehydrogenases already known as a major source of superoxide in mitochondria- supports ferroptosis. The opposite effect on ferroptosis by silencing either the E1 or the E3 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex pointed out the autoxidation of dihydrolipoamide as the source of superoxide. We finally observed that GSH depletion activates superoxide production, seemingly through the inhibition of the specific kinase that inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase. In summary, this set of data is compatible with a scenario where the more electrophilic status produced by GSH depletion not only activates ferroptosis by preventing GPx4 activity, but also favors the formation of lipid hydroperoxides. In an attractive perspective of tissue homeostasis, it is the activation of energetic metabolism associated to a decreased nucleophilic tone that, besides supporting energy demanding proliferation, also sensitizes cells to a regulated form of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Marija Vučković
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Rina Venerando
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Tibaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Roveri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luciana Bordin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Miotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy
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143
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Geng Z, Guo Z, Guo R, Ye R, Zhu W, Yan B. Ferroptosis and traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:212-219. [PMID: 33932492 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide health problem contributing to significant economic burden. TBI is difficult to treat partly due to incomplete understanding of pathophysiology. Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent programmed cell death which has gained increasing attention due to its possible role in TBI. Current studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis is related to the pathology of TBI, and inhibition of ferroptosis may improve long term outcomes of TBI. Therefore, clarification of the exact association between ferroptosis and traumatic brain injury is necessary and may provide new targets for treatment. This review describes (1) the ferroptosis pathways following traumatic brain injury, (2) the role of ferroptosis during the chronic phase of traumatic brain injury, and (3) potential therapies targeting the ferroptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Geng
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China.
| | - Zhiliang Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China.
| | - Ruibing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China.
| | - Ruidong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China.
| | - Wusheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China.
| | - Bernard Yan
- Department of Neurology, Neurointervention Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Melbourne Brain Centre @ RMH, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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144
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Huang R, Dong R, Wang N, He Y, Zhu P, Wang C, Lan B, Gao Y, Sun L. Adaptive Changes Allow Targeting of Ferroptosis for Glioma Treatment. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2055-2074. [PMID: 33893939 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death that plays an essential role in various brain diseases, including cranial trauma, neuronal diseases, and brain tumors. It has been reported that cancer cells rely on their robust antioxidant capacity to escape ferroptosis. Therefore, ferroptosis exploitation could be an effective strategy to prevent tumor proliferation and invasion. Glioma is a common malignant craniocerebral tumor exhibiting complicated drug resistance and survival mechanisms, resulting in a high mortality rate and short survival time. Recent studies have determined that metabolic alterations in glioma offer exploitable therapeutic targets. These metabolic alterations allow targeted therapy to achieve some initial efficacy but have failed to inhibit glioma growth, invasion, and drug resistance effectively. It has been proposed that the reason for the high malignancy and drug resistance observed with glioma is that these tumors can effectively evade ferroptosis. Ferroptosis-inducing drugs were found to exert a positive effect by targeting this particular characteristic of glioma cells. Moreover, gliomas develop enhanced drug resistance through anti-ferroptosis mechanisms. In this study, we provided an overview of the mechanisms by which glioma aggressiveness and drug resistance are mediated by the evasion of ferroptosis. This information might provide new targets for glioma therapy as well as new insights and ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renxuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yichun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peining Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Beiwu Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yufei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Liankun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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145
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Chipuk JE, Mohammed JN, Gelles JD, Chen Y. Mechanistic connections between mitochondrial biology and regulated cell death. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1221-1233. [PMID: 33887204 PMCID: PMC8102388 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ancient, dynamic, and multifaceted functions of the mitochondrial network are essential for organismal homeostasis and contribute to numerous human diseases. As central hubs for metabolism, ion transport, and multiple macromolecular synthesis pathways, mitochondria establish and control extensive signaling networks to ensure cellular survival. In this review, we explore how these same mitochondrial functions also participate in the control of regulated cell death (RCD). We discuss the complementary essential mitochondrial functions as compartments that participate in the production and presentation of key molecules and platforms that actively enable, initiate, and execute RCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Edward Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Jarvier N Mohammed
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jesse D Gelles
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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146
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Chen X, Yu C, Kang R, Kroemer G, Tang D. Cellular degradation systems in ferroptosis. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1135-1148. [PMID: 33462411 PMCID: PMC8027807 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, macromolecular homeostasis requires selective degradation of damaged units by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Thus, dysfunctional degradation systems contribute to multiple pathological processes. Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent oxidative cell death driven by lipid peroxidation. Various antioxidant systems, especially the system xc--glutathione-GPX4 axis, play a significant role in preventing lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III)-dependent membrane fission machinery counteracts ferroptosis by repairing membrane damage. Moreover, cellular degradation systems play a dual role in regulating the ferroptotic response, depending on the cargo they degrade. The key ferroptosis repressors, such as SLC7A11 and GPX4, are degraded by the UPS. In contrast, the overactivation of selective autophagy, including ferritinophagy, lipophagy, clockophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy, promotes ferroptotic death by degrading ferritin, lipid droplets, circadian proteins, and GPX4, respectively. Autophagy modulators (e.g., BECN1, STING1/TMEM173, CTSB, HMGB1, PEBP1, MTOR, AMPK, and DUSP1) also determine the ferroptotic response in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the signals and mechanisms of the degradation system regulating ferroptosis, opening new horizons for disease treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation; The Third Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Chunhua Yu
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015, Paris, France.
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation; The Third Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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147
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de Moliner F, Knox K, Gordon D, Lee M, Tipping WJ, Geddis A, Reinders A, Ward JM, Oparka K, Vendrell M. A Palette of Minimally Tagged Sucrose Analogues for Real-Time Raman Imaging of Intracellular Plant Metabolism. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:7715-7720. [PMID: 38505234 PMCID: PMC10946860 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose is the main saccharide used for long-distance transport in plants and plays an essential role in energy metabolism; however, there are no analogues for real-time imaging in live cells. We have optimised a synthetic approach to prepare sucrose analogues including very small (≈50 Da or less) Raman tags in the fructose moiety. Spectroscopic analysis identified the alkyne-tagged compound 6 as a sucrose analogue recognised by endogenous transporters in live cells and with higher Raman intensity than other sucrose derivatives. Herein, we demonstrate the application of compound 6 as the first optical probe to visualise real-time uptake and intracellular localisation of sucrose in live plant cells using Raman microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Knox
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Doireann Gordon
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University ofEdinburghUK
| | - Martin Lee
- Cancer Research (UK) Edinburgh CentreThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - William J. Tipping
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryThe University of EdinburghUK
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyUniversity of StrathclydeUK
| | - Ailsa Geddis
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University ofEdinburghUK
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Anke Reinders
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaUSA
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaUSA
| | - Karl Oparka
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University ofEdinburghUK
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148
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de Moliner F, Knox K, Gordon D, Lee M, Tipping WJ, Geddis A, Reinders A, Ward JM, Oparka K, Vendrell M. A Palette of Minimally Tagged Sucrose Analogues for Real-Time Raman Imaging of Intracellular Plant Metabolism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7637-7642. [PMID: 33491852 PMCID: PMC8048481 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose is the main saccharide used for long-distance transport in plants and plays an essential role in energy metabolism; however, there are no analogues for real-time imaging in live cells. We have optimised a synthetic approach to prepare sucrose analogues including very small (≈50 Da or less) Raman tags in the fructose moiety. Spectroscopic analysis identified the alkyne-tagged compound 6 as a sucrose analogue recognised by endogenous transporters in live cells and with higher Raman intensity than other sucrose derivatives. Herein, we demonstrate the application of compound 6 as the first optical probe to visualise real-time uptake and intracellular localisation of sucrose in live plant cells using Raman microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Knox
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Doireann Gordon
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University ofEdinburghUK
| | - Martin Lee
- Cancer Research (UK) Edinburgh CentreThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - William J. Tipping
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryThe University of EdinburghUK
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyUniversity of StrathclydeUK
| | - Ailsa Geddis
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University ofEdinburghUK
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Anke Reinders
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaUSA
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaUSA
| | - Karl Oparka
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University ofEdinburghUK
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149
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The Multifaceted Regulation of Mitochondria in Ferroptosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030222. [PMID: 33801920 PMCID: PMC8001967 DOI: 10.3390/life11030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is characterized as a novel form of regulated cell death, which is initiated by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cellular labile free iron. This iron driven cell death sharply differs from other well characterized forms of regulated cell death at morphological, genetic and biochemical levels. Increasing research has elaborated a high relevance between dysregulated ferroptosis and the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and organs injury in human patients. Additionally, targeted induction of ferroptosis is considered as a potentially therapeutic design for the clinical intervention of other therapy-resistant cancers. It is well understood that mitochondria, the cellular powerhouse, determine several types of regulated cell death. Recently, compromised mitochondrial morphology and functionalities have been primarily formulated in ferroptosis. Several mitochondria associated proteins and metabolic processes have been elaborated to fine-tune ferroptotic program. Herein, we critically review the recent advances in this booming field, with focus on summarizing the multifaceted mitochondrial regulation of ferroptosis and providing a perspective on the potential biochemical basis. Finally, we are attempting to shed light on an integrative view on the possibility of mitochondria- and ferroptosis-targeting therapeutics as novel treatment designs for the intervention of ferroptosis related diseases.
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150
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Hu XM, Li ZX, Lin RH, Shan JQ, Yu QW, Wang RX, Liao LS, Yan WT, Wang Z, Shang L, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Xiong K. Guidelines for Regulated Cell Death Assays: A Systematic Summary, A Categorical Comparison, A Prospective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634690. [PMID: 33748119 PMCID: PMC7970050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, the field of regulated cell death continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple regulated cell death pathways are being unveiled. Meanwhile, researchers are focused on targeting these regulated pathways which are closely associated with various diseases for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. However, the complexity of the mechanisms and the difficulties of distinguishing among various regulated types of cell death make it harder to carry out the work and delay its progression. Here, we provide a systematic guideline for the fundamental detection and distinction of the major regulated cell death pathways following morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation of different assay methods is critically reviewed, helping researchers to make a reliable selection from among the cell death assays. Also, we highlight the recent events that have demonstrated some novel regulated cell death processes, including newly reported biomarkers (e.g., non-coding RNA, exosomes, and proteins) and detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui-Han Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Qi Shan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing-Wei Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui-Xuan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lv-Shuang Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Tao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanxia Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China
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