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Zhang J, Ma PX. Cyclodextrin-based supramolecular systems for drug delivery: recent progress and future perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1215-33. [PMID: 23673149 PMCID: PMC3885994 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The excellent biocompatibility and unique inclusion capability as well as powerful functionalization capacity of cyclodextrins and their derivatives make them especially attractive for engineering novel functional materials for biomedical applications. There has been increasing interest recently to fabricate supramolecular systems for drug and gene delivery based on cyclodextrin materials. This review focuses on state of the art and recent advances in the construction of cyclodextrin-based assemblies and their applications for controlled drug delivery. First, we introduce cyclodextrin materials utilized for self-assembly. The fabrication technologies of supramolecular systems including nanoplatforms and hydrogels as well as their applications in nanomedicine and pharmaceutical sciences are then highlighted. At the end, the future directions of this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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102
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Li JM, Wang YY, Zhang W, Su H, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Low-weight polyethylenimine cross-linked 2-hydroxypopyl-β-cyclodextrin and folic acid as an efficient and nontoxic siRNA carrier for gene silencing and tumor inhibition by VEGF siRNA. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2101-17. [PMID: 23766646 PMCID: PMC3678862 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s42440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been regarded as one of the most important technologies for the development of siRNA therapeutics. However, the need for safe and efficient delivery systems is a barrier to further development of RNA interference therapeutics. In this work, a nontoxic and efficient siRNA carrier delivery system of low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI-600 Da) cross-linked with 2-hydroxypopyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and folic acid (FA) was synthesized for biomedical application. Methods The siRNA carrier was prepared using a simple method and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The siRNA carrier nanoparticles were characterized in terms of morphology, size and zeta potential, stability, efficiency of delivery, and gene silencing efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Results The siRNA carrier was synthesized successfully. It showed good siRNA binding capacity and ability to protect siRNA. Further, the toxicity of the carrier measured in vitro and in vivo appeared to be negligible, probably because of degradation of the low molecular weight PEI and HP-β-CD in the cytosol. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy confirmed that the FA receptor-mediated endocytosis of the FA-HP-β-CD-PEI/siRNA complexes was greater than that of the HP-β-CD-PEI/siRNA complexes in FA receptor-enriched HeLa cells. The FA-HP-β-CD-PEI/siRNA complexes also demonstrated excellent gene silencing efficiency in vitro (in the range of 90%), and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression in the presence of 20% serum. FA-HP-β-CD-PEI/siRNA complexes administered via tail vein injection resulted in marked inhibition of tumor growth and reduced VEGF protein expression in the tumors. Conclusion Our results suggest that the FA-HP-β-CD-PEI complex is a nontoxic and highly efficient gene carrier with the potential to deliver siRNA for cancer gene therapy effectively in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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103
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Lee J, Twomey M, Machado C, Gomez G, Doshi M, Gesquiere AJ, Moon JH. Caveolae-mediated endocytosis of conjugated polymer nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:913-20. [PMID: 23629923 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular entry pathways of synthetic biomaterials is highly important to improve overall labeling and delivery efficiency. Herein, cellular entry mechanisms of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) are presented. CPNs are intrinsic fluorescent materials used for various biological applications. While CPNs cause no toxicity, decreased CPN uptake is observed from cancer cells pretreated with genistein, which is an inhibitor of caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CvME). CvME is further confirmed by high co-localization with caveolin-1 proteins found in the caveolae and caveosomes. Excellent photophysical properties, non-toxicity, and non-destructive delivery pathways support that CPNs are promising multifunctional carriers minimizing degradation of contents during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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104
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Hayashi Y, Higashi T, Motoyama K, Mori Y, Jono H, Ando Y, Arima H. Design and evaluation of polyamidoamine dendrimer conjugate with PEG,α-cyclodextrin and lactose as a novel hepatocyte-selective gene carrierin vitroandin vivo. J Drug Target 2013; 21:487-96. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.769105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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105
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Zhao F, Yin H, Zhang Z, Li J. Folic acid modified cationic γ-cyclodextrin-oligoethylenimine star polymer with bioreducible disulfide linker for efficient targeted gene delivery. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:476-84. [PMID: 23323627 DOI: 10.1021/bm301718f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For an efficient folate-targeted delivery, while the interaction between the folate on the carriers and the folate receptor (FR) on the cells is necessary, the recovering and recycling of FR to maintain a high density level of FR on the cellular membrane is also important. Herein, we demonstrate a design and synthesis of a new star-shaped cationic polymer containing a γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) core and multiple oligoethylenimine (OEI) arms with folic acid (FA) linked by a bioreducible disulfide bond for efficient targeted gene delivery. The newly synthesized cationic polymer, named γ-CD-OEI-SS-FA, could be cleaved efficiently, and FA was readily released under reductive condition similar to intracellular environment. The γ-CD-OEI-SS-FA polymer was well-characterized and studied in terms of its gene delivery properties in FR-positive KB cells and FR-negative A549 cells under various conditions, in comparison with cationic polymers such as high molecular weight branched polyethylenimine (PEI), γ-CD-OEI star-shaped cationic polymer, γ-CD-OEI-FA polymer where FA was directed linked to the star polymer without disulfide linker. Our data have demonstrated that the new γ-CD-OEI-SS-FA gene carrier had low cytotoxicity and possessed capacity to target and deliver DNA to specific tumor cells that overexpress FRs, as well as functions to recover and recycle FRs onto cellular membranes to facilitate continuous FR-mediated endocytosis to achieve very high levels of gene expression. This study has expanded the strategy of FA-targeted delivery by combining the smart FR-recycling function to achieve the significant enhancement of gene expression. The new FA-targeted and bioreducible carrier may be a promising efficient gene delivery system for potential cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore
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106
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Xun MM, Zhang XC, Zhang J, Jiang QQ, Yi WJ, Zhu W, Yu XQ. Low molecular weight PEI-based biodegradable lipopolymers as gene delivery vectors. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1242-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27211c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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107
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108
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Yue Y, Wu C. Progress and perspectives in developing polymeric vectors for in vitro gene delivery. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:152-170. [DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00030j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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109
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110
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Biomaterial-Based Vectors for Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acids to the Nervous System. DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES POTENTIALLY APPLICABLE IN PERSONALISED TREATMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6010-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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111
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Mu CG, Fan XD, Tian W, Bai Y, Yang Z, Yao H, Chen H. An H-shaped polymer bonding β-cyclodextrin at branch points: Synthesis and influences of attached β-cyclodextrins on physical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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112
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Cho CS. Design and Development of Degradable Polyethylenimines for Delivery of DNA and Small Interfering RNA: An Updated Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/798247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI), considered as the most potent and promising alternative carrier to viral vectors, has been studied as the “state of the art” among various polymers for nonviral gene delivery applications for many years. Although PEI-based carrier minimizes the bottlenecks associated with viral vectors such as unwanted immunogenicity and production problems, the toxic side effects of PEI prevent its rapid advancements due to nondegradable nature. In this regard, various degradable cross-linking and/or grafting agents have been linked to synthesize degradable PEIs in order to minimize the toxicity and improve the efficacy of PEI-mediated gene carriers. This paper describes an update on various cross-linkers and grafting agents in the design and development of degradable PEI derivatives and their potential applications for effective delivery of DNA in vitro and in vivo. The molecular weight (MW) of PEI and the structural relationship to its cellular toxicity and transfection ability were also discussed. Finally, the potential applications of various degradable PEIs for small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing were also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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113
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Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CyDs) currently displays even today the image of a natural macrocyclic compound largely dominant in the formation of inclusion complexes with small hydrophobic molecules. During the past 10 years, advances in this field allowed to achieve more and more sophisticated CyDs derivatives opening a simple access in scale-up quantities to original and better CyD-based gene delivery systems. In addition, possibility to combine covalent and supramolecular approaches offers new venues for the design of tailor-made CyD-based nanovehicles to improve their transfection ability and gene transfer in cells. In this account, we describe our recent progress in the construction of a novel CyD-based G0 (generation number) core dendrimer, scalable to CyD oligomers by a strategy using protonable guanidine tethers and whose concept can be generalized for the assembly of CyD pre-coated dendrimers. The synthetic strategy based on an original Staudinger-Aza-Wittig tandem coupling reaction. We present an outline of the different analytical strategies to characterize CyD-ODN (cyclodextrin-oligodeoxynucleotide) complexes. Among them, Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to perfectly characterize our CyD-siRNA and CyD-DNA complexes and shown to be a very attractive method with advantages of low sample consumption, rapid analysis speed, and high efficiency that make this technology a major tool for association constant measurement. Finally, we present the different biological methods that can be used, in vitro, to study gene delivery, and more precisely ones we have performed to evaluate the capability of our original model bis-guanidinium-tetrakis-β-cyclodextrin dendrimeric tetrapod, to deliver efficiently DNA or siRNA in eukaryotic cells.
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114
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Wen S, Zheng F, Shen M, Shi X. Surface modification and PEGylation of branched polyethyleneimine for improved biocompatibility. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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115
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Advances in polymeric and inorganic vectors for nonviral nucleic acid delivery. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:493-521. [PMID: 22826857 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral systems for nucleic acid delivery offer a host of potential advantages compared with viruses, including reduced toxicity and immunogenicity, increased ease of production and less stringent vector size limitations, but remain far less efficient than their viral counterparts. In this article we review recent advances in the delivery of nucleic acids using polymeric and inorganic vectors. We discuss the wide range of materials being designed and evaluated for these purposes while considering the physical requirements and barriers to entry that these agents face and reviewing recent novel approaches towards improving delivery with respect to each of these barriers. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of past and ongoing nonviral gene therapy clinical trials. We conclude with a discussion of multifunctional nucleic acid carriers and future directions.
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116
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Samal SK, Dash M, Van Vlierberghe S, Kaplan DL, Chiellini E, van Blitterswijk C, Moroni L, Dubruel P. Cationic polymers and their therapeutic potential. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:7147-94. [PMID: 22885409 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35094g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed enormous research focused on cationic polymers. Cationic polymers are the subject of intense research as non-viral gene delivery systems, due to their flexible properties, facile synthesis, robustness and proven gene delivery efficiency. Here, we review the most recent scientific advances in cationic polymers and their derivatives not only for gene delivery purposes but also for various alternative therapeutic applications. An overview of the synthesis and preparation of cationic polymers is provided along with their inherent bioactive and intrinsic therapeutic potential. In addition, cationic polymer based biomedical materials are covered. Major progress in the fields of drug and gene delivery as well as tissue engineering applications is summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Keshari Samal
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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117
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Grandinetti G, Reineke TM. Exploring the mechanism of plasmid DNA nuclear internalization with polymer-based vehicles. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2256-67. [PMID: 22715912 PMCID: PMC3601561 DOI: 10.1021/mp300142d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymers are commonly used to transfect mammalian cells, but their mechanisms of DNA delivery are unknown. This study seeks to decipher the mechanism by which plasmid DNA delivered by a class of cationic polymers traffics to and enters the nucleus. While studies have been performed to elucidate the mechanism of naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) import into the nuclei of mammalian cells, our objectives were to determine the effects of polymer complexation on pDNA nuclear import and the impact of polymer structure on that import. We have performed studies in whole cells and in isolated nuclei using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy to characterize how polymer-DNA complexes (polyplexes) are able to deliver their pDNA cargo to the nuclei of their target cells. The polymers tested herein include (i) linear poly(ethylenimine) (JetPEI), a polyamine, and (ii) two poly(glycoamidoamine)s (PGAAs), polyamines that contain carbohydrate moieties (meso-galactarate, Glycofect (G4), and L-tartarate, T4) within their repeat units. Our results indicate that, when complexed with the PGAAs, pDNA association with the nuclei was severely hampered in isolated nuclei compared to whole cells. When the pDNA was complexed with JetPEI, there was slight inhibition of pDNA-nuclear interaction in isolated nuclei compared to whole cells. However, even in the case of PEI, the amount of pDNA imported into the nucleus increases in the presence of cytosolic extract, thus indicating that intracellular components also play a role in pDNA nuclear import for all polymers tested. Interestingly, PEI and G4 exhibit the highest reporter gene expression as well as inducing higher envelope permeability compared to T4, suggesting that the ability to directly permeabilize the nuclear envelope may play a role in increasing expression efficiency. In addition, both free T4 and G4 polymers are able to cross the nuclear membrane without their pDNA cargo in isolated nuclei, indicating the possibility of different modes of nuclear association for free polymers vs polyplexes. These results yield insight to how the incorporation of carbohydrate moieties influences intracellular mechanisms and will prove useful in the rational design of safe and effective polymer-based gene delivery vehicles for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Grandinetti
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, U.S.A
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118
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119
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Buckwalter DJ, Sizovs A, Ingle NP, Reineke TM. MAG versus PEG: Incorporating a Poly(MAG) Layer to Promote Colloidal Stability of Nucleic Acid/"Click Cluster" Complexes. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:609-613. [PMID: 35607071 DOI: 10.1021/mz300081d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) synthesis of an adamantane-conjugated glycopolymer, poly(2-methacrylamido-2-deoxy glucopyranose) (Ad-pMAG), as a hydrophilic coating to promote colloidal stability of click cluster-pDNA complexes in biological media. The Ad-pMAG is assembled via noncovalent interactions through inclusion complex formation between adamantane (Ad) and the β-cyclodextrin (βCD) core of the click cluster/pDNA and then further assembled with plasmid DNA to form polyplexes. Ad-pMAG incorporation was favorable over Ad-poly(ethylene glycol) (Ad-PEG) due to the enhanced colloidal stability of the click cluster/pDNA polyplex under physiological salt conditions at high N/P ratios. Interestingly, the uptake and reporter gene expression with polyplexes coated with the Ad-pMAG was much lower in HeLa cells than that observed with two glioma cell lines (U87 and U251 cells) in vitro, possibly indicating some delivery specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Buckwalter
- Macromolecules and Interfaces
Institute, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia
24061, United States
| | - Antons Sizovs
- Macromolecules and Interfaces
Institute, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia
24061, United States
| | - Nilesh P. Ingle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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120
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Liu L, Zheng M, Renette T, Kissel T. Modular Synthesis of Folate Conjugated Ternary Copolymers: Polyethylenimine-graft-Polycaprolactone-block-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Folate for Targeted Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1211-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics
and Biopharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics
and Biopharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renette
- Department of Pharmaceutics
and Biopharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kissel
- Department of Pharmaceutics
and Biopharmacy, Philipps-University Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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121
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Zheng M, Liu Y, Samsonova O, Endres T, Merkel O, Kissel T. Amphiphilic and biodegradable hy-PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG copolymers efficiently mediate transgene expression depending on their graft density. Int J Pharm 2012; 427:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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122
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Zhang J, Ellsworth K, Ma PX. Synthesis of β-cyclodextrin containing copolymer via "click" chemistry and its self-assembly in the presence of guest compounds. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:664-71. [PMID: 22318939 PMCID: PMC3893059 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a hydrophilic copolymer with one polyethylene glycol (PEG) block and one β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) containing block by a "click" reaction between azido-substituted β-CD and propargyl flanking copolymer. (1)H NMR study suggested a highly efficient conjugation of β-CD units by this approach. The obtained copolymer was used as a host macromolecule to construct assemblies in the presence of hydrophobic guests. For assemblies containing a hydrophobic polymer, their size can be simply adjusted by simply changing the content of hydrophobic component. By serving as a guest molecule, hydrophobic drugs can also be loaded accompanying the formation of nanoparticles, and the drug payload is releasable. Therefore, the copolymer synthesized herein can be employed as a carrier for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Fax: +1 734 647 2110. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kristin Ellsworth
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Fax: +1 734 647 2110
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Fax: +1 734 647 2110. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Lee MS, Seo SR, Kim JC. A β-cyclodextrin, polyethyleneimine and silk fibroin hydrogel containingCentella asiaticaextract and hydrocortisone acetate: releasing properties andin vivoefficacy for healing of pressure sores. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37:762-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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124
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Barua S, Ramos J, Potta T, Taylor D, Huang HC, Montanez G, Rege K. Discovery of cationic polymers for non-viral gene delivery using combinatorial approaches. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2012; 14:908-24. [PMID: 21843141 DOI: 10.2174/138620711797537076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is an attractive treatment option for diseases of genetic origin, including several cancers and cardiovascular diseases. While viruses are effective vectors for delivering exogenous genes to cells, concerns related to insertional mutagenesis, immunogenicity, lack of tropism, decay and high production costs necessitate the discovery of non-viral methods. Significant efforts have been focused on cationic polymers as non-viral alternatives for gene delivery. Recent studies have employed combinatorial syntheses and parallel screening methods for enhancing the efficacy of gene delivery, biocompatibility of the delivery vehicle, and overcoming cellular level barriers as they relate to polymer-mediated transgene uptake, transport, transcription, and expression. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in combinatorial syntheses and parallel screening of cationic polymer libraries for the discovery of efficient and safe gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Barua
- Chemical Engineering, 501 E. Tyler Mall, ECG 303, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
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126
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Yamada M, Inoue M, Yamada T. Synthesis of DNA intercalator–immobilized cyclodextrin and interaction with double-stranded DNA: Utilization of DNA–cyclodextrin conjugated material as an environmental remediation material. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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127
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Nimesh S, Gupta N, Chandra R. Strategies and advances in nanomedicine for targeted siRNA delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:729-46. [PMID: 21718181 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
siRNA are a rapidly emerging class of new therapeutic molecules for the treatment of inherited and acquired diseases. However, poor cellular uptake and instability in physiological conditions limits its therapeutic potential, hence a need to develop a delivery system that can protect and efficiently transport siRNA to the target cells has arisen. Nanoparticles have been proposed as suitable delivery vectors with reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced efficacy. These delivery vectors form condensed complexes with siRNA which, in turn, provides protection to siRNA against enzymatic degradation and further leads to tissue and cellular targeting. Nanoparticles derived from polymers, such as chitosan and polyethylenimine have found numerous applications owing to ease of manipulation, high stability, low cost and high gene carrying capability. This article focuses on various aspects of nanomedicine based siRNA delivery with emphasis on targeted delivery to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Nimesh
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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128
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Thompson BC, Segarra CRJ, Mozley OL, Daramola O, Field R, Levison PR, James DC. Cell line specific control of polyethylenimine-mediated transient transfection optimized with “Design of experiments” methodology. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 28:179-87. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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129
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Yhaya F, Lim J, Kim Y, Liang M, Gregory AM, Stenzel MH. Development of Micellar Novel Drug Carrier Utilizing Temperature-Sensitive Block Copolymers Containing Cyclodextrin Moieties. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2013964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Firdaus Yhaya
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Johnny Lim
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yoseop Kim
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St. George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Gregory
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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130
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Revisit complexation between DNA and polyethylenimine — Effect of uncomplexed chains free in the solution mixture on gene transfection. J Control Release 2011; 155:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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131
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Rivera-Tirado E, Wesdemiotis C. Characterization of polyethylenimine by electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:876-883. [PMID: 21915951 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Branched polyethylenimines (PEIs) with lower average molecular weights (600, 1200 and 1800 Da) have been studied by Electrospray Ionization (ESI) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. In both, ESI and MALDI mass spectra, the main distribution arises from protonated PEI oligomers with NH(2) end groups, [PEI + H](+), which are observed at m/z 43n + 18. A trace of sodium contamination in the PEI samples results in the presence of a series that appears at m/z 43n + 40 [PEI + Na](+). However, only the MALDI mass spectra show a [PEI + K](+) series at m/z 43n + 56, because of matrix contamination with potassium, and a series generated by condensation of the matrix with PEI at m/z 43n + 30. Collisionally activated dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CAD (MS/MS)) of protonated PEI oligomers is shown to yield three fragment ion series b(n), cn″ and K(n). The experiments have demonstrated the capabilities of these mass spectrometry techniques, along with CAD MS/MS to detect and characterize such polar synthetic polymers.
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132
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Ingle NP, Malone B, Reineke TM. Poly(glycoamidoamine)s: a broad class of carbohydrate-containing polycations for nucleic acid delivery. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:443-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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133
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Kim C, Shah BP, Subramaniam P, Lee KB. Synergistic induction of apoptosis in brain cancer cells by targeted codelivery of siRNA and anticancer drugs. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1955-61. [PMID: 21793576 DOI: 10.1021/mp100460h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple dysregulated pathways in tumors necessitate targeting multiple oncogenic elements by combining orthogonal therapeutic moieties like short-interfering RNAs (siRNA) and drug molecules in order to achieve a synergistic therapeutic effect. In this manuscript, we describe the synthesis of cyclodextrin-modified dendritic polyamines (DexAMs) and their application as a multicomponent delivery vehicle for translocating siRNA and anticancer drugs. The presence of β-cyclodextrins in our DexAMs facilitated complexation and intracellular uptake of hydrophobic anticancer drugs, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and erlotinib, whereas the cationic polyamine backbone allowed for electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged siRNA. The DexAM complexes were found to have minimal cytotoxicity over a wide range of concentrations and were found to efficiently deliver siRNA, thereby silencing the expression of targeted genes. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated that upon appropriate modification with targeting ligands, we were able to simultaneously deliver multiple payloads--siRNA against oncogenic receptor, EGFRvIII and anticancer drugs (SAHA or erlotinib)--efficiently and selectively to glioblastoma cells. Codelivery of siRNA-EGFRvIII and SAHA/erlotinib in glioblastoma cells was found to significantly inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, as compared to the individual treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheoljin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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134
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Ahmed M, Narain R. The effect of polymer architecture, composition, and molecular weight on the properties of glycopolymer-based non-viral gene delivery systems. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5279-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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135
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Fan MM, Zhang X, Qin J, Li BJ, Sun X, Zhang S. Self-Assembly Pluronic and β-Cyclodextrin to Hollow Nanospheres for Enhanced Gene Delivery. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1533-8. [PMID: 21786359 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper studies a kind of hollow nanospheres prepared by self-assembly β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) and poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (pluronic F127) for gene delivery. It was found that this kind of hollow nanospheres enable load PEI10K/DNA and the resulting F127NH2 βCD/(PEI10K/DNA) with 0.08 µg/well DNA display equal or higher gene delivery capability compared to PEI10K/DNA with 1 µg/well DNA in the absence or presence of serum. The cytotoxicity of the nanospheres was over 100 times lower than that of PEI10K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Min Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bang-Jing Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xun Sun
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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136
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Invading target cells: multifunctional polymer conjugates as therapeutic nucleic acid carriers. Front Chem Sci Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-011-1203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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137
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Méndez-Ardoy A, Guilloteau N, Di Giorgio C, Vierling P, Santoyo-González F, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. β-Cyclodextrin-Based Polycationic Amphiphilic “Click” Clusters: Effect of Structural Modifications in Their DNA Complexing and Delivery Properties. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5882-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2007785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Méndez-Ardoy
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nicolas Guilloteau
- LCMBA UMR 6001CNRS - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Christophe Di Giorgio
- LCMBA UMR 6001CNRS - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Pierre Vierling
- LCMBA UMR 6001CNRS - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Francisco Santoyo-González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, A2mérico Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
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138
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Abstract
This study aims to modify a cyclodextrin-PEI-based polymer, PEI-β-CyD, with the TAT peptide for plasmid DNA delivery to placenta mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). By using the disulfide exchange between the SPDP-activated PEI-β-CyD and TAT peptide, the TAT-PEI-β-CyD polymer was fabricated and the success of this was confirmed by the presence of characteristic peaks for PEI (at δ 2.8-3.2 ppm), CyD (at δ 5.2, 3.8-4.0 and 3.4-3.6 ppm) and TAT (at δ 1.6-1.9 and 6.8-7.2 ppm) in the (1)H NMR spectrum of TAT-PEI-β-CyD. The polymer-plasmid-DNA polyplex could condense DNA at an N/P ratio of 7.0-8.0, and form nanoparticles with the size of 150.6±5.6 nm at its optimal N/P ratio (20/1). By examining the transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of TAT-PEI-β-CyD, conjugation of the TAT peptide onto PEI-β-CyD was demonstrated to improve the transfection efficiency of PEI-β-CyD in PMSCs after 48 and 96 hours of post-transfection incubation. The viability of PEI-β-CyD-treated PMSCs was shown to be over 80% after 5 h of treatment and 24 h of post-treatment incubation. In summary, this study showed that the TAT-PEI-β-CyD polymer as a vector for plasmid DNA delivery to PMSCs and other cells warrants further investigations. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12668-011-0010-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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139
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Goyal R, Tripathi SK, Tyagi S, Sharma A, Ram KR, Chowdhuri DK, Shukla Y, Kumar P, Gupta KC. Linear PEI nanoparticles: efficient pDNA/siRNA carriers in vitro and in vivo. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 8:167-75. [PMID: 21703995 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Linear polyethylenimine (lPEI, 25 kDa) nanoparticles' (LPN) series was synthesized by varying percentage of cross-linking with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDE) and their size, surface charge, morphology, pDNA protection/release, cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency were evaluated. Synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were spherical in shape (size: ∼109 - 235 nm; zeta potential: +38 to +16 mV). These NPs showed increased buffering capacity with increasing percent cross-linking and also exhibited excellent transfection efficiency (i.e., ∼1.3 - 14.7 folds in case of LPN-5) in comparison with lPEI and the commercial transfection agents used in this study. LPN-5 based GFP-specific siRNA delivery resulted in ∼86% suppression of targeted gene expression. These particles were relatively nontoxic in vitro (in cell lines) and in vivo (in Drosophila). In vivo gene expression studies using LPN-5 in Balb/c mice through intravenous injection showed maximum expression of the reporter gene in the spleen. These results together demonstrate the potential of these particles as efficient transfection reagents. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The authors demonstrate a novel method of synthesizing linear PEI nanoparticles to utilize these as transfection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Goyal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University, Delhi, India
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140
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Chen Y, Zhou L, Pang Y, Huang W, Qiu F, Jiang X, Zhu X, Yan D, Chen Q. Photoluminescent hyperbranched poly(amido amine) containing β-cyclodextrin as a nonviral gene delivery vector. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1162-70. [PMID: 21528927 DOI: 10.1021/bc200010w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s (HPAAs) containing different amounts of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (HPAA-CDs) were synthesized in one-pot by Michael addition copolymerization of N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide, 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, and mono-6-deoxy-6-ethylenediamino-β-CD. In comparison to pure HPAA, the fluorescence intensity of HPAA-CDs was enhanced significantly while the cytotoxicity became lower. Ascribed to plenty of amino groups and strong photoluminescence, HPAA-CDs could be used as nonviral gene delivery vectors, and the corresponding gene transfection was evaluated. The experimental results indicated that HPAA-CDs condensed the plasmid DNA very well. By utilizing the fluorescent properties of HPAA-CDs, the cellular uptake and gene transfection processes were tracked by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy without any fluorescent labeling. The transfection efficiencies of HPAA-CDs were similar to that of pure HPAA. In addition, the inner cavities of β-CDs in HPAA-CDs could be used to encapsulate drugs through host--guest interaction. Therefore, the HPAA-CDs may have potential application in the combination of gene therapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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141
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142
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Zhu Y, Che L, He H, Jia Y, Zhang J, Li X. Highly efficient nanomedicines assembled via polymer-drug multiple interactions: Tissue-selective delivery carriers. J Control Release 2011; 152:317-24. [PMID: 21435364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the construction and evaluation of highly efficient nanomedicines via self-assembly directed by multiple non-covalent interactions between carrier polymer and cargo molecules, including hydrophobic, host-guest recognition, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces. β-Cyclodextrin conjugated polyethyleneimine (PEI-CD) was employed as the model carrier material, while indomethacin (IND), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was used as the drug model. Spontaneous assembly of PEI-CD and IND led to core-shell structured nanoparticles with a positive surface and pH-triggering behavior as well as high drug loading capacity. These nano-assemblies can function as gastro-OFF/intestinal-ON delivery systems to selectively transport payload to enteric sites, thereby dramatically increasing the oral bioavailability of the loaded therapeutic, which can also serve as multifunctional nano-platforms for multiple delivery of various therapeutics. In addition, the strategy employed herein may provide new insights into the design of novel nanocarriers by self-assembling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Chongqing 400038, China
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143
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Smet M. Biological and Medical Applications of Hyperbranched Polymers. HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS 2011:387-413. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470929001.ch15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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144
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Li JJ, Zhao F, Li J. Polyrotaxanes for applications in life science and biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:427-43. [PMID: 21360153 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-3037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to their low cytotoxicity, controllable size, and unique architecture, cyclodextrin (CD)-based polyrotaxanes and polypseudorotaxanes have inspired interesting exploitation as novel biomaterials. This review will update the recent progress in the studies on the structures of polyrotaxanes and polypseudorotaxanes based on different CDs and polymers, followed by summarizing their potential applications in life science and biotechnology, such as drug delivery, gene delivery, and tissue engineering. CD-based biodegradable polypseudorotaxane hydrogels could be used as promising injectable drug delivery systems for sustained and controlled drug release. Polyrotaxanes with drug or ligand-conjugated CDs threaded on polymer chain with biodegradable end group could be useful for controlled and multivalent targeting delivery. Cationic polyrotaxanes consisting of multiple oligoethylenimine-grafted CDs threaded on a block copolymer chain were attractive non-viral gene carries due to the strong DNA-binding ability, low cytotoxicity, and high gene transfection efficiency. Cytocleavable end caps were also introduced in the polyrotaxane systems in order to ensure efficient endosomal escape for intracellular trafficking of DNA. Finally, hydrolyzable polyrotaxane hydrogels with cross-linked α-CDs could be a desirable scaffold for cartilage and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jing Li
- Division of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Republic of Singapore
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145
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Fuhrer R, Herrmann IK, Athanassiou EK, Grass RN, Stark WJ. Immobilized β-cyclodextrin on surface-modified carbon-coated cobalt nanomagnets: reversible organic contaminant adsorption and enrichment from water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1924-1929. [PMID: 21244073 DOI: 10.1021/la103873v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles can be used in extraction processes as they readily disperse in common solvents and combine high saturation magnetization with excellent accessibility. Reversible and recyclable adsorption and desorption through solvent changes and magnetic separation provide technically attractive alternatives to classical solvent extraction. Thin polymer layered carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticles were tagged with β-cyclodextrin. The resulting material reversibly adsorbed organic contaminants in water within minutes. Isolation of the immobilized inclusion complex was easily carried out within seconds by magnetic separation due to the strong magnetization of the nanomagnets (metal core instead of hitherto used iron oxide). The trapped molecules were fully and rapidly recovered by filling the cyclodextrin cavity with a microbiologically well accepted substitute, e.g., benzyl alcohol. Phenolphthalein was used as a model compound for organic contaminants such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) or bisphenol A (BPA). Fast regeneration of nanomagnets (compared to similar cyclodextrin-based systems) under mild conditions resulted in 16 repetitive cycles (adsorption/desorption) at full efficiency. The high removal and regeneration efficiency was examined by UV-vis measurements at chemical equilibrium conditions and under rapid cycling (5 min). Experiments at ultralow concentrations (160 ppb) underline the high potential of cyclodextrin modified nanomagnets as a fast, recyclable extraction method for organic contaminants in large water streams or as an enrichment tool for analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Fuhrer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
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146
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Nucleic acids such as plasmid DNA, antisense oligonucleotide, and RNA interference (RNAi) molecules, have a great potential to be used as therapeutics for the treatment of various genetic and acquired diseases. To design a successful nucleic acid delivery system, the pharmacological effect of nucleic acids, the physiological condition of the subjects or sites, and the physicochemical properties of nucleic acid and carriers have to be thoroughly examined. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The commonly used lipids, polymers and corresponding delivery systems are reviewed in terms of their characteristics, applications, advantages and limitations. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This article aims to provide an overview of biological barriers and strategies to overcome these barriers by properly designing effective synthetic carriers for nucleic acid delivery. TAKE HOME MESSAGE A thorough understanding of biological barriers and the structure-activity relationship of lipid and polymeric carriers is the key for effective nucleic acid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 South Manassas St, Cancer Research Building RM 226, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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147
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Wu Z, Gao X, Cheng C, Wang Z, Li C. A hydrotropic β-cyclodextrin grafted hyperbranched polyglycerol co-polymer for hydrophobic drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:585-92. [PMID: 20813209 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of successful formulations for poorly water soluble drugs remains a longstanding, critical, and challenging issue in cancer therapy. A β-cyclodextrin (CD) functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) has been prepared as a potential water insoluble drug carrier. The HPG-g-CD molecules could self-assemble into multimolecular spherical micelles in water, the size of which ranged from 200 to 300 nm, with good dispersity. A high loading capacity and high encapsulation efficiency of paclitaxel, as a model, were obtained. The release profiles of different co-polymer compositions showed a burst release followed by continuous extended release. Furthermore, MTT analysis showed that HPG-g-CD had good biocompatibility, indicating that HPG-g-CD may be considered a promising hydrophobic drug delivery system.
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148
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Lu X, Ping Y, Xu FJ, Li ZH, Wang QQ, Chen JH, Yang WT, Tang GP. Bifunctional conjugates comprising β-cyclodextrin, polyethylenimine, and 5-fluoro-2'- deoxyuridine for drug delivery and gene transfer. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 21:1855-63. [PMID: 20853891 DOI: 10.1021/bc1002136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Earlier reports indicated that the conjugates (PEI(600)-CD, PC) of β-cyclodextrin and low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (PEI, M(w) 600) can be used as efficient gene carriers in glioma cancer therapy. Incorporating anticancer drugs onto PC conjugates may endow them with new and interesting properties for great applications. In this work, FU-PEI(600)-CD (FPC) conjugates comprising PC and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) were prepared as new bifunctional anticancer prodrugs with improved therapeutic effects, as well as good gene transfer efficiency. In comparison with free FdUrd, FPC could inhibit proliferation and enhance cytotoxicity on glioma cells. The results of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining indicated that C6 cells treated with FPC shrunk more seriously. Unlike FdUrd, cell cycle analysis indicated that C6 cells were primarily arrested in the G1 phase in the presence of FPC. Cellular uptake of FPC in C6 cells was about 10 times higher than that of FdUrd. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo gene transfection indicated that FPC still exhibited good gene expression efficiency. With the ability to deliver drugs and transfer genes, such bifunctional FPC conjugates may have great potential applications in combination therapy of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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149
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Eifler AC, Thaxton CS. Nanoparticle therapeutics: FDA approval, clinical trials, regulatory pathways, and case study. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 726:325-338. [PMID: 21424459 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-052-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The approval of drugs for human use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) through the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) is a time-consuming and expensive process, and approval rates are low (DiMasi et al., J Health Econ 22:151-185, 2003; Marchetti and Schellens, Br J Cancer 97:577-581, 2007). In general, the FDA drug approval process can be separated into preclinical, clinical, and postmarketing phases. At each step from the point of discovery through demonstration of safety and efficacy in humans, drug candidates are closely scrutinized. Advances in nanotechnology are being applied in the development of novel therapeutics that may address a number of shortcomings of conventional small molecule drugs and may facilitate the realization of personalized medicine (Ferrari, Curr Opin Chem Biol 9:343-346, 2005; Ferrari, Nat Rev Cancer 5:161-171, 2005; Ferrari and Downing, BioDrugs 19:203-210, 2005). Appealingly, nanoparticle drug candidates often represent multiplexed formulations (e.g., drug, targeting moiety, and nanoparticle scaffold material). By tailoring the chemistry and identity of variable nanoparticle constituents, it is possible to achieve targeted delivery, reduce side effects, and prepare formulations of unstable (e.g., siRNA) and/or highly toxic drugs (Ferrari, Curr Opin Chem Biol 9:343-346, 2005; Ferrari, Nat Rev Cancer 5:161-171, 2005; Ferrari and Downing, BioDrugs 19:203-210, 2005). With these benefits arise new challenges in all aspects of regulated drug development and testing.This chapter distils the drug development and approval process with an emphasis on special considerations for nanotherapeutics. The chapter concludes with a case study focused on a nanoparticle therapeutic, CALAA-01, currently in human clinical trials, that embodies many of the potential benefits of nanoparticle therapeutics (Davis, Mol Pharm 6:659-668, 2009). By choosing CALAA-01, reference is made to the infancy of the therapeutic nanoparticle field; in 2008, CALAA-01 was the first targeted siRNA nanoparticle therapeutic administered to humans. Certainly, there will be many more that will follow the lead of CALAA-01 and each will have its own unique challenges; however, much can be learned from this drug in the context of nanotherapeutics and the evolving development and approval process as it applies to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Eifler
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Institute for BioNanotechnology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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150
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Li W, Chen L, Huang Z, Wu X, Zhang Y, Hu Q, Wang Y. The influence of cyclodextrin modification on cellular uptake and transfection efficiency of polyplexes. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7799-806. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05886j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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