101
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Yan J, Tan YL, Lin MJ, Xing H, Jiang JH. A DNA-mediated crosslinking strategy to enhance cellular delivery and sensor performance of protein spherical nucleic acids. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1803-1809. [PMID: 34163943 PMCID: PMC8179099 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04977h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of enzymes is essential for protein-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Protein-spherical nucleic acids (ProSNAs) defined by protein core and dense shell of oligonucleotides have been demonstrated as a promising vehicle-free enzyme delivery platform. In this work, we reported a crosslinking strategy to vastly improve both delivery efficiency and intracellular sensor performance of ProSNA. By assembling individual ProSNA with lactate oxidase (LOX) core into a nanoscale particle, termed as crosslinked SNA (X-SNA), the enzyme delivery efficiency increased up to 5-6 times higher. The LOX X-SNA was later demonstrated as a ratiometric probe for quantitative detection of lactate in living cells. More importantly, X-SNA probe showed significantly improved sensor performance with signal-to-noise ratio 4 times as high as ProSNA when detecting intracellular lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Min-Jie Lin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Hang Xing
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
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102
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Cruz LJ, van Dijk T, Vepris O, Li TMWY, Schomann T, Baldazzi F, Kurita R, Nakamura Y, Grosveld F, Philipsen S, Eich C. PLGA-Nanoparticles for Intracellular Delivery of the CRISPR-Complex to Elevate Fetal Globin Expression in Erythroid Cells. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120580. [PMID: 33321292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo gene editing of CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) offers great opportunities to develop new treatments for a number of malignant and non-malignant diseases. Efficient gene-editing in HSPCs has been achieved using electroporation and/or viral transduction to deliver the CRISPR-complex, but cellular toxicity is a drawback of currently used methods. Nanoparticle (NP)-based gene-editing strategies can further enhance the gene-editing potential of HSPCs and provide a delivery system for in vivo application. Here, we developed CRISPR/Cas9-PLGA-NPs efficiently encapsulating Cas9 protein, single gRNA and a fluorescent probe. The initial 'burst' of Cas9 and gRNA release was followed by a sustained release pattern. CRISPR/Cas9-PLGA-NPs were taken up and processed by human HSPCs, without inducing cellular cytotoxicity. Upon escape from the lysosomal compartment, CRISPR/Cas9-PLGA-NPs-mediated gene editing of the γ-globin gene locus resulted in elevated expression of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in primary erythroid cells. The development of CRISPR/Cas9-PLGA-NPs provides an attractive tool for the delivery of the CRISPR components to target HSPCs, and could provide the basis for in vivo treatment of hemoglobinopathies and other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Thamar van Dijk
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olena Vepris
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Tracy M W Y Li
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Timo Schomann
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Percuros B.V, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fabio Baldazzi
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Ryo Kurita
- Central Blood Institute, Research and Development Department, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Cell Engineering Division, National Research and Development Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
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103
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Reinhard S, Han H, Tuma J, Røise JJ, Li IC, Li J, Lee HY, Murthy N. A pH-sensitive eosin-block copolymer delivers proteins intracellularly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14207-14210. [PMID: 33111731 PMCID: PMC10754351 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is great interest in developing strategies to deliver proteins into the cytoplasm of cells. We report here a PEG-poly-eosin block copolymer (PEG-pEosin) that can encapsulate proteins and release them in active form under mildly acidic conditions. A PEG-pEosin formulation composed of Cre and the endosomolytic protein LLO efficiently performed gene editing in cells and in the brains of mice after an intracranial injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Reinhard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, and the Innovative Genomics Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley CA, 94720, USA.
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104
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Pan Y, Barba‐Bon A, Tian H, Ding F, Hennig A, Nau WM, Guo D. An Amphiphilic Sulfonatocalix[5]arene as an Activator for Membrane Transport of Lysine‐rich Peptides and Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1875-1882. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Andrea Barba‐Bon
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Han‐Wen Tian
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Fei Ding
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials and School of Biology/Chemistry Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs) Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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105
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Pan Y, Barba‐Bon A, Tian H, Ding F, Hennig A, Nau WM, Guo D. An Amphiphilic Sulfonatocalix[5]arene as an Activator for Membrane Transport of Lysine‐rich Peptides and Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Andrea Barba‐Bon
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Han‐Wen Tian
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Fei Ding
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials and School of Biology/Chemistry Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs) Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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106
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Tan Y, Wu H, Wei T, Li X. Chemical Protein Synthesis: Advances, Challenges, and Outlooks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20288-20298. [PMID: 33211477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary chemical protein synthesis has been dramatically advanced over the past few decades, which has enabled chemists to reach the landscape of synthetic biomacromolecules. Chemical synthesis can produce synthetic proteins with precisely controlled structures which are difficult or impossible to obtain via gene expression systems. Herein, we summarize the key enabling ligation technologies, major strategic developments, and some selected representative applications of synthetic proteins and provide an outlook for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Hongxiang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Tongyao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China SAR
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107
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Xiao W, Jakimowicz MD, Zampetakis I, Neely S, Scarpa F, Davis SA, Williams DS, Perriman AW. Biopolymeric Coacervate Microvectors for the Delivery of Functional Proteins to Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000101. [PMID: 33166084 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which biologic payloads can be effectively delivered to cells is a limiting factor in the development of new therapies. Limitations arise from the lack of pharmacokinetic stability of biologics in vivo. Encapsulating biologics in a protective delivery vector has the potential to improve delivery profile and enhance performance. Coacervate microdroplets are developed as cell-mimetic materials with established potential for the stabilization of biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Here, the development of biodegradable coacervate microvectors (comprising synthetically modified amylose polymers) is presented, for the delivery of biologic payloads to cells. Amylose-based coacervate microdroplets are stable under physiological conditions (e.g., temperature and ionic strength), are noncytotoxic owing to their biopolymeric structure, spontaneously interacted with the cell membrane, and are able to deliver and release proteinaceous payloads beyond the plasma membrane. In particular, myoglobin, an oxygen storage and antioxidant protein, is successfully delivered into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) within 24 h. Furthermore, coacervate microvectors are implemented for the delivery of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 growth factor, inducing differentiation of hMSCs into osteoprogenitor cells. This study demonstrates the potential of coacervate microdroplets as delivery microvectors for biomedical research and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Xiao
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Monika D Jakimowicz
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry and Centre for Protolife Research School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Ioannis Zampetakis
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TF, UK
| | - Sarah Neely
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Fabrizio Scarpa
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TF, UK
| | - Sean A Davis
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
| | - David S Williams
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Adam W Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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108
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Zhang P, Zhang Y, Ding X, Shen W, Li M, Wagner E, Xiao C, Chen X. A Multistage Cooperative Nanoplatform Enables Intracellular Co-Delivery of Proteins and Chemotherapeutics for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000013. [PMID: 33035385 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Combining intracellularly active proteins with chemotherapeutics represents a promising strategy for synergistic cancer therapy. However, the lack of nanocarrier systems for delivery into cancer cells and controlled intracellular release of both physicochemically very distinct cargos significantly impedes the biomedical translation of this combination strategy in cancer therapy. Here, a well-designed triblock copolymer, mPEG-b-PGCA-b-PGTA, is reported for application in a multistage cooperative drug delivery nanoplatform that accomplishes effective intracellular co-delivery of hydrophilic ribonuclease A (RNase A) and hydrophobic doxorubicin (DOX). RNase A bioreversibly modified with phenylboronic acid groups via a ROS-cleavable carbamate linker is incorporated into the triblock copolymer nanoparticles with high efficiency through a pH-reversible phenylboronic acid-catechol linkage. The reversible covalent conjugations between RNase A and the triblock copolymer endow the nanoparticles with high stability under normal physiological conditions. Upon cellular internalization, the cooperative release of DOX and RNase A from the triblock copolymer nanoparticles is triggered at multiple stages by endosomal acidic environment and subsequent DOX-enhanced intracellular ROS environment. This leads to enhanced synergistic anticancer effects as demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Given the versatility of dynamic covalent conjugations, this work provides a universal and stable platform for intracellular co-delivery of various combinations of proteins and chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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109
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Lv W, Champion JA. Demonstration of intracellular trafficking, cytosolic bioavailability, and target manipulation of an antibody delivery platform. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 32:102315. [PMID: 33065253 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular antibody delivery into live cells has significant implications for research and therapeutic applications. However, many delivery systems lack potency due to low uptake and/or endosomal entrapment and understanding of intracellular delivery processes is lacking. Herein, we studied the cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking and targeting of antibodies using our previously developed Hex antibody nanocarrier. We demonstrated Hex-antibodies were internalized through multiple endocytic routes into lysosomes and provide evidence of endo/lysosomal disruption and Hex-antibody release to the cytosol. Cytosolic antibodies retained their bioactivity for at least 24 h. Functional effect of Hex delivered anti-STAT3 antibodies was evidenced by inhibition of nuclear translocation of cytosolic transcription factor STAT3. This study has generated understanding of key steps in the Hex intracellular antibody delivery system and will facilitate the development of effective cytosolic antibody delivery and applications in both the therapeutic and research domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lv
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Julie A Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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110
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Goswami R, Jeon T, Nagaraj H, Zhai S, Rotello VM. Accessing Intracellular Targets through Nanocarrier-Mediated Cytosolic Protein Delivery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:743-754. [PMID: 32891429 PMCID: PMC7502523 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics have unique therapeutic potential due to their specificity, potency, and low toxicity. The vast majority of intracellular applications of proteins require access to the cytosol. Direct entry to the cytosol is challenging due to the impermeability of the cell membrane to proteins. As a result, multiple strategies have focused on endocytic uptake of proteins. Endosomally entrapped cargo, however, can have very low escape efficiency, with protein degradation occurring in acidic endolysosomal compartments. In this review, we briefly discuss endosomal escape strategies and review the strategy of cell membrane fusion, a recent strategy for direct delivery of proteins into the cell cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Harini Nagaraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shumei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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111
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Nathamgari SSP, Pathak N, Lemaitre V, Mukherjee P, Muldoon JJ, Peng CY, McGuire T, Leonard JN, Kessler JA, Espinosa HD. Nanofountain Probe Electroporation Enables Versatile Single-Cell Intracellular Delivery and Investigation of Postpulse Electropore Dynamics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002616. [PMID: 33006271 PMCID: PMC7646188 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Introducing exogenous molecules into cells with high efficiency and dosage control is a crucial step in basic research as well as clinical applications. Here, the capability of the nanofountain probe electroporation (NFP-E) system to deliver proteins and plasmids in a variety of continuous and primary cell types with appropriate dosage control is reported. It is shown that the NFP-E can achieve fine control over the relative expression of two cotransfected plasmids. Finally, the dynamics of electropore closure after the pulsing ends with the NFP-E is investigated. Localized electroporation has recently been utilized to demonstrate the converse process of delivery (sampling), in which a small volume of the cytosol is retrieved during electroporation without causing cell lysis. Single-cell temporal sampling confers the benefit of monitoring the same cell over time and can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying processes such as stem cell differentiation and disease progression. NFP-E parameters that maximize the membrane resealing time, which is essential for increasing the sampled volume and in meeting the challenge of monitoring low copy number biomarkers, are identified. Its application in CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, stem cell reprogramming, and single-cell sampling studies is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samba Shiva Prasad Nathamgari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nibir Pathak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | | | - Prithvijit Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Joseph J Muldoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Chian-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tammy McGuire
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joshua N Leonard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Horacio Dante Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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112
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Li Y, Li P, Li R, Xu Q. Intracellular Antibody Delivery Mediated by Lipids, Polymers, and Inorganic Nanomaterials for Therapeutic Applications. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Peixuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Raissa Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University Medford MA 02155 USA
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113
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Goda T, Hatano H, Yamamoto M, Miyahara Y, Morimoto N. Internalization Mechanisms of Pyridinium Sulfobetaine Polymers Evaluated by Induced Protic Perturbations on Cell Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9977-9984. [PMID: 32787130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of soft nanomatters with cell membranes is particularly important for research into nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems, cell engineering, and subcellular imaging. Most nanoparticles, vesicles, micelles, and polymeric aggregates are internalized into endosomes and, eventually, lysosomes in the cytosol because of energy-dependent endocytic processes. Endocytic uptake substantially limits the access to the cytoplasm where a cargo agent acts. Bypassing the endocytic pathways by direct penetration into plasma membrane barriers would enhance the efficacy of nanomedicines. Some zwitterionic polymer nanoaggregates have been shown to permeate into the cell interior in an energy-independent manner. We have elucidated this phenomenon by observing changes in the biomembrane barrier functions against protons as the smallest indicator and have used these results to further design and develop poly(betaines). In this work, we investigated the translocation mechanisms for a series of zwitterionic poly(methacrylamide) and poly(methacrylate) species bearing a pyridinium propane sulfonate moiety in the monomers. Minor differences in the monomer structures and functional groups were observed to have dramatic effects on the interaction with plasma membranes during translocation. The ability to cross the plasma membrane involves a balance among the betaine dipole-dipole interaction, NH-π interaction, π-π interaction, cation-π interaction, and amide hydrogen bonding. We found that the cell-penetrating polysulfobetaines had limited or no detrimental effect on cell proliferation. Our findings enhance the opportunity to design and synthesize soft nanomatters for cell manipulations by passing across biomembrane partitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Goda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
- Nano Innovation Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, No. 22 HuoLinHe Street, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, P. R. China
| | - Hiroaki Hatano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Morimoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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114
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Pan X, Yang Y, Li L, Li X, Li Q, Cui C, Wang B, Kuai H, Jiang J, Tan W. A bispecific circular aptamer tethering a built-in universal molecular tag for functional protein delivery. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9648-9654. [PMID: 34123176 PMCID: PMC8161142 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02279a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemically engineering endogenous amino acids with a molecular tag is one of the most common routes of artificially functionalizing proteins for identification or cellular delivery. However, it is challenging to make conjugation efficient, facile and productive as well as avoiding a high chance of deactivation of the functional proteins. Here we present a new and straightforward design to specifically tether the distinct six polyhistidine tag, terminally expressed on protein cargoes and cellular membrane proteins by using bispecific circular aptamers (bc-apts). The anti-His tag aptamer on one end of the bc-apt can easily recognize the biorthogonal six polyhistidine tag (His tag) on functional proteins like EGFP or RNase A. Meanwhile, a cell-specific aptamer, sgc8, on the other end efficiently facilitates the targeted delivery of functional proteins, improving their overall bioactivity in the cellular milieu by around 4 fold. Therefore, the nuclease-resistant bc-apt is a promising molecular tethering reagent to enable the noncovalent crosslink between live diseased cells and His tag protein cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| | - Long Li
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| | - Cheng Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Bang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| | - Hailan Kuai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Jiang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P. R. China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310022 China
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115
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Kitagishi H, Jiromaru M, Hasegawa N. Intracellular Delivery of Adamantane-Tagged Small Molecule, Proteins, and Liposomes Using an Octaarginine-Conjugated β-Cyclodextrin. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4902-4911. [PMID: 35021734 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a convenient technique for the intracellular delivery of proteins and liposomes based on supramolecular host-guest chemistry. First, we prepared the R8-CDOH carrier molecule, which is a β-cyclodextrin derivative bearing an octaarginine (R8) chain, as a cell-penetrating peptide, at the primary hydroxyl group. The surface amino groups of proteins (GFP, β-gal, and IgG) were then partly modified with adamantane (Ad) tags using 1-Ad-carboxylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Ad-NHS). These Ad-tagged proteins were effectively delivered into HeLa cells though supramolecular host-guest interactions with R8-CDOH. A 100 nm sized liposome bearing Ad-tags on its surface was also delivered into these cells by the action of R8-CDOH. The present method does not require any genetic manipulation, and only easy chemical modification processes are used to facilitate intracellular delivery; therefore, we believe that the present method is applicable to a variety of bioengineering processes, such as protein-based therapeutics, cellular reprogramming, and genome-editing, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Misa Jiromaru
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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116
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Goda T, Miyahara Y, Ishihara K. Phospholipid-mimicking cell-penetrating polymers: principles and applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7633-7641. [PMID: 32720672 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01520b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions of eukaryotic cellular membranes with nanomaterials is required to construct efficient and safe nanomedicines and molecular bioengineering. Intracellular uptake of nanocarriers by active endocytosis limits the intracellular distribution to the endosomal compartment, impairing the intended biological actions of the cargo molecules. Nonendocytic intracellular migration is another route for nanomaterials with cationic or amphiphilic properties to evade the barrier function of the lipid bilayer plasma membranes. Direct transport of nanomaterials into cells is efficient, but this may cause cytotoxic or biocidal effects by temporarily disrupting the biological membrane barrier. We have recently discovered that nonendocytic internalization of synthetic amphipathic polymer-based nanoaggregates that mimic the structure of natural phospholipids can occur without inducing cytotoxicity. Analysis using a proton leakage assay indicated that the polymer enters cells by amphiphilicity-induced membrane fusion rather than by transmembrane pore formation. These noncytotoxic cell-penetrating polymers may find applications in drug delivery systems, gene transfection, cell therapies, and biomolecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Goda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japan.
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117
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Kollenda S, Kopp M, Wens J, Koch J, Schulze N, Papadopoulos C, Pöhler R, Meyer H, Epple M. A pH-sensitive fluorescent protein sensor to follow the pathway of calcium phosphate nanoparticles into cells. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:406-417. [PMID: 32439614 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (100 nm) were fluorescently labelled with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEIATTO490LS; red fluorescence). They were loaded with a Tandem fusion protein consisting of mRFP1-eGFP (red and green fluorescence in the same molecule)that acts as smart biological pH sensor to trace nanoparticles inside cells. Its fluorescence is also coupled to the structural integrity of the protein, i.e. it is also a label for a successful delivery of a functional protein into the cell. At pH 7.4, the fluorescence of both proteins (red and green) is detectable. At a pH of 4.5-5 inside the lysosomes, the green fluorescence is quenched due to the protonation of the eGFP chromophore, but the pH-independent red fluorescence of mRFP1 remains. The nanoparticles were taken up by cells (cell lines: HeLa, Caco-2 and A549) via endocytic pathways and then directed to lysosomes. Time-resolved confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed mRFP1 and nanoparticles co-localizing with lysosomes. The fluorescence of eGFP was only detectable outside lysosomes, i.e. most likely inside early endosomes or at the cell membrane during the uptake, indicating the neutral pH at these locations. The Tandem fusion protein provides a versatile platform to follow the intracellular pathway of bioactive nanocarriers, e.g. therapeutic proteins. The transfection with a Tandem-encoding plasmid by calcium phosphate nanoparticles led to an even intracellular protein distribution in cytosol and nucleoplasm, i.e. very different from direct protein uptake. Neither dissolved protein nor dissolved plasmid DNA were taken up by the cells, underscoring the necessity for a suitable carrier like a nanoparticle. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A pH-sensitive protein ("tandem") was used to follow the pathway of calcium phosphate nanoparticles. This protein consists of a pH-sensitive fluorophore (eGFP; green) and a pH-independent fluorophore (mRFP1; red). This permits to follow the pathway of a nanoparticle inside a cell. At a low pH inside an endolysosome, the green fluorescence vanishes but the red fluorescence persists. This is also a very useful model for the delivery of therapeutic proteins into cells. The delivery by nanoparticles was compared with the protein expression after cell transfection with plasmid DNA encoding for the tandem protein. High-resolution image analysis gave quantitative data on the intracellular protein distribution.
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118
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Harguindey A, Culver HR, Sinha J, Bowman CN, Cha JN. Efficient cellular uptake of click nucleic acid modified proteins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4820-4823. [PMID: 32236172 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09401f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules such as proteins continues to remain a challenge despite its potential for medicine. In this work, we show that mScarlet, a non cytotoxic red fluorescent protein (RFP) conjugated to Click Nucleic Acid (CNA), a synthetic analog of DNA, undergo cell uptake significantly more than either native proteins or proteins conjugated with similar amounts of DNA in MDA-MB-468 cells. We further demonstrate that the process of cell uptake is metabolically driven and that scavenger receptors and caveolae mediated endocytosis play a significant role. Co-localization studies using anti-scavenger receptor antibodies suggest that scavenger receptors are implicated in the mechanism of uptake of CNA modified proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Harguindey
- Department of Chemical and Biological University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
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119
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Mohammad Hadi L, Yaghini E, MacRobert AJ, Loizidou M. Synergy between Photodynamic Therapy and Dactinomycin Chemotherapy in 2D and 3D Ovarian Cancer Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3203. [PMID: 32366058 PMCID: PMC7247344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we explored the efficacy of combining low dose photodynamic therapy using a porphyrin photosensitiser and dactinomycin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. The studies were carried out on compressed collagen 3D constructs of two human ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and HEY) versus their monolayer counterparts. An amphiphilc photosensitiser was employed, disulfonated tetraphenylporphine, which is not a substrate for ABC efflux transporters that can mediate drug resistance. The combination treatment was shown to be effective in both monolayer and 3D constructs of both cell lines, causing a significant and synergistic reduction in cell viability. Compared to dactinomycin alone or PDT alone, higher cell kill was found using 2D monolayer culture vs. 3D culture for the same doses. In 3D culture, the combination therapy resulted in 10 and 22 times higher cell kill in SKOV3 and HEY cells at the highest light dose compared to dactinomycin monotherapy, and 2.2 and 5.5 times higher cell kill than PDT alone. The combination of low dose PDT and dactinomycin appears to be a promising way to repurpose dactinomycin and widen its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Mohammad Hadi
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (E.Y.); (A.J.M.)
| | | | | | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (E.Y.); (A.J.M.)
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120
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Sloand JN, Nguyen TT, Zinck SA, Cook EC, Zimudzi TJ, Showalter SA, Glick AB, Simon JC, Medina SH. Ultrasound-Guided Cytosolic Protein Delivery via Transient Fluorous Masks. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4061-4073. [PMID: 32134630 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The inability to spatiotemporally guide proteins in tissues and efficiently deliver them into cells remains a key barrier to realizing their full potential in precision medicine. Here, we report ultrasound-sensitive fluoro-protein nanoemulsions which can be acoustically tracked, guided, and activated for on-demand cytosolic delivery of proteins, including antibodies, using clinically relevant diagnostic ultrasound. This advance is accessed through the discovery of a family of fluorous tags, or FTags, that transiently mask proteins to mediate their efficient dispersion into ultrasound-sensitive liquid perfluorocarbons, a phenomenon akin to dissolving an egg in liquid Teflon. We identify the biochemical basis for protein fluorous masking and confirm FTag coatings are shed during delivery, without disrupting the protein structure or function. Harnessing the ultrasound sensitivity of fluorous emulsions, real-time imaging is used to simultaneously monitor and activate FTag-protein complexes to enable controlled cytosolic antibody delivery in vitro and in vivo. These findings may advance the development of image-guided, protein-based biosensing and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna N Sloand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Theodore T Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Scott A Zinck
- Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Erik C Cook
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tawanda J Zimudzi
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Scott A Showalter
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Adam B Glick
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Julianna C Simon
- Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Scott H Medina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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121
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Methods for protein delivery into cells: from current approaches to future perspectives. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:357-365. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20190039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The manipulation of cultured mammalian cells by the delivery of exogenous macromolecules is one of the cornerstones of experimental cell biology. Although the transfection of cells with DNA expressions constructs that encode proteins is routine and simple to perform, the direct delivery of proteins into cells has many advantages. For example, proteins can be chemically modified, assembled into defined complexes and subject to biophysical analyses prior to their delivery into cells. Here, we review new approaches to the injection and electroporation of proteins into cultured cells. In particular, we focus on how recent developments in nanoscale injection probes and localized electroporation devices enable proteins to be delivered whilst minimizing cellular damage. Moreover, we discuss how nanopore sensing may ultimately enable the quantification of protein delivery at single-molecule resolution.
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122
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Kuhn J, Lin Y, Krhac Levacic A, Al Danaf N, Peng L, Höhn M, Lamb DC, Wagner E, Lächelt U. Delivery of Cas9/sgRNA Ribonucleoprotein Complexes via Hydroxystearyl Oligoamino Amides. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:729-742. [PMID: 31967454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The programmable endonuclease activity and simple usage of CRISPR/Cas9 have revolutionized the field of genome editing. The binding of single guide RNA (sgRNA) by the Cas9 protein results in the formation of negatively charged ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. The presence of this functional complex inside cells is imperative for the intended specific genome modifications. The direct intracellular delivery of Cas9/sgRNA RNP complexes is of great advantage. In this work, a compound library of sequence-defined oligo(ethylenamino) amides containing structural motifs for stable nanoparticle formation, cellular uptake, and endosomal release was used for the screening and development of suitable Cas9 RNP delivery vehicles. Lipid-containing oligoaminoamides (lipo-OAAs) were identified as the most efficient carriers for intracellular Cas9/sgRNA delivery and gene disruption. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements indicated that the lipo-OAAs only interact with sgRNA-loaded Cas9 protein, which suggests exclusive ionic interaction with the negatively charged RNPs. The type of contained fatty acid turned out to have a critical impact on the knock out efficiency: the presence of one hydroxy group in the fatty acid dramatically changes the properties and performance of the resulting Cas9/sgRNA lipo-OAA complexes. The lipo-OAA-containing hydroxy-stearic acid (OHSteA) was superior to the analogues with saturated or unsaturated fatty acids without hydroxylation; it formed smaller and more defined nanoparticles with Cas9/sgRNA and improved the cellular uptake and endosomal release, which altogether resulted in an increased nuclear association and the highest gene knock out levels. The efficient and adaptable delivery platform has high potential for the future development of therapeutics based on precise genome modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Kuhn
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ana Krhac Levacic
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Nader Al Danaf
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Lun Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Miriam Höhn
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Don C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80539, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Munich 80799, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80539, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Munich 80799, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 81377, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80539, Germany
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123
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Wiechmann S, Maisonneuve P, Grebbin BM, Hoffmeister M, Kaulich M, Clevers H, Rajalingam K, Kurinov I, Farin HF, Sicheri F, Ernst A. Conformation-specific inhibitors of activated Ras GTPases reveal limited Ras dependency of patient-derived cancer organoids. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4526-4540. [PMID: 32086379 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPases H, K, and NRAS are molecular switches indispensable for proper regulation of cellular proliferation and growth. Several mutations in the genes encoding members of this protein family are associated with cancer and result in aberrant activation of signaling processes caused by a deregulated recruitment of downstream effector proteins. In this study, we engineered variants of the Ras-binding domain (RBD) of the C-Raf proto-oncogene, Ser/Thr kinase (CRAF). These variants bound with high affinity with the effector-binding site of Ras in an active conformation. Structural characterization disclosed how the newly identified RBD mutations cooperate and thereby enhance affinity with the effector-binding site in Ras compared with WT RBD. The engineered RBD variants closely mimicked the interaction mode of naturally occurring Ras effectors and acted as dominant-negative affinity reagents that block Ras signal transduction. Experiments with cancer cells showed that expression of these RBD variants inhibits Ras signaling, reducing cell growth and inducing apoptosis. Using these optimized RBD variants, we stratified patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids with known Ras mutational status according to their response to Ras inhibition. These results revealed that the presence of Ras mutations was insufficient to predict sensitivity to Ras inhibition, suggesting that not all of these tumors required Ras signaling for proliferation. In summary, by engineering the Ras/Raf interface of the CRAF-RBD, we identified potent and selective inhibitors of Ras in its active conformation that outcompete binding of Ras-signaling effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Wiechmann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt-Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pierre Maisonneuve
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Britta M Grebbin
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Hoffmeister
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt-Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt-Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Igor Kurinov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, NE-CAT, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Henner F Farin
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Andreas Ernst
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt-Medical Faculty, University Hospital, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany .,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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124
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Miyoshi Y, Kadono M, Okazaki S, Nishimura A, Kitamatsu M, Watanabe K, Ohtsuki T. Endosomal Escape of Peptide-Photosensitizer Conjugates Is Affected by Amino Acid Sequences near the Photosensitizer. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:916-922. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Miyoshi
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Maho Kadono
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Okazaki
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Ayano Nishimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kitamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kazunori Watanabe
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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125
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Lin JL, Wang ZK, Xu ZY, Wei L, Zhang YC, Wang H, Zhang DW, Zhou W, Zhang YB, Liu Y, Li ZT. Water-Soluble Flexible Organic Frameworks That Include and Deliver Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3577-3582. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Le Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ze-Kun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zi-Yue Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yun-Chang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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126
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Ankri R, Basu A, Ulku AC, Bruschini C, Charbon E, Weiss S, Michalet X. Single-Photon, Time-Gated, Phasor-Based Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging through Highly Scattering Medium. ACS PHOTONICS 2020; 7:68-79. [PMID: 35936550 PMCID: PMC9355389 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI) is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool for biochemical and cellular investigations, including in vivo applications. Fluorescence lifetime is an intrinsic characteristic of any fluorescent dye which, to a large extent, does not depend on excitation intensity and signal level. In particular, it allows distinguishing dyes with similar emission spectra, offering additional multiplexing capabilities. However, in vivo FLI in the visible range is complicated by the contamination by (i) tissue autofluorescence, which decreases contrast, and by (ii) light scattering and absorption in tissues, which significantly reduce fluorescence intensity and modify the temporal profile of the signal. Here, we demonstrate how these issues can be accounted for and overcome, using a new time-gated single-photon avalanche diode array camera, SwissSPAD2, combined with phasor analysis to provide a simple and fast visual method for lifetime imaging. In particular, we show how phasor dispersion increases with increasing scattering and/or decreasing fluorescence intensity. Next, we show that as long as the fluorescence signal of interest is larger than the phantom autofluorescence, the presence of a distinct lifetime can be clearly identified with appropriate background correction. We use these results to demonstrate the detection of A459 cells expressing the fluorescent protein mCyRFP1 through highly scattering and autofluorescent phantom layers. These results showcase the possibility to perform FLI in challenging conditions, using standard, bright, visible fluorophore or fluorescence proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Ankri
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
| | - Arkaprabha Basu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arin Can Ulku
- School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Neuchâtel 1015, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Bruschini
- School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Neuchâtel 1015, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Charbon
- School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Neuchâtel 1015, Switzerland
| | - Shimon Weiss
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xavier Michalet
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
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127
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128
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Polyelectrolyte nanoparticles based on functionalized silica and pillar[5]arene derivatives for recognition of model proteins. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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129
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Krishnamoorthy K, Kewalramani S, Ehlen A, Moreau LM, Mirkin CA, Olvera de la Cruz M, Bedzyk MJ. Enzymatic Degradation of DNA Probed by In Situ X-ray Scattering. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11382-11391. [PMID: 31513370 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Label-free in situ X-ray scattering from protein spherical nucleic acids (Pro-SNAs, consisting of protein cores densely functionalized with covalently bound DNA) was used to elucidate the enzymatic reaction pathway for the DNase I-induced degradation of DNA. Time-course small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and gel electrophoresis reveal a two-state system with time-dependent populations of intact and fully degraded DNA in the Pro-SNAs. SAXS shows that in the fully degraded state, the DNA strands forming the outer shell of the Pro-SNA were completely digested. SAXS analysis of reactions with different Pro-SNA concentrations reveals a reaction pathway characterized by a slow, rate determining DNase I-Pro-SNA association, followed by rapid DNA hydrolysis. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide the distributions of monovalent and divalent ions around the Pro-SNA, relevant to the activity of DNase I. Taken together, in situ SAXS in conjunction with MD simulations yield key mechanistic and structural insights into the interaction of DNA with DNase I. The approach presented here should prove invaluable in probing other enzyme-catalyzed reactions on the nanoscale.
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130
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Tomás RF, Bailey TL, Hasan M, Gibson MI. Extracellular Antifreeze Protein Significantly Enhances the Cryopreservation of Cell Monolayers. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3864-3872. [PMID: 31498594 PMCID: PMC6794639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cryopreservation of cells underpins many areas of biotechnology, healthcare, and fundamental science by enabling the banking and distribution of cells. Cryoprotectants are essential to prevent cold-induced damage. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular localization of antifreeze proteins can significantly enhance post-thaw recovery of mammalian cell monolayers cryopreserved using dimethyl sulfoxide, whereas they show less benefit in suspension cryopreservation. A type III antifreeze protein (AFPIII) was used as the macromolecular ice recrystallization inhibitor and its intra/extracellular locations were controlled by using Pep-1, a cell-penetrating peptide. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy confirmed successful delivery of AFPIII. The presence of extracellular AFPIII dramatically increased post-thaw recovery in a challenging 2-D cell monolayer system using just 0.8 mg·mL-1, from 25% to over 60%, whereas intracellularly delivered AFPIII showed less benefit. Interestingly, the antifreeze protein was less effective when used in suspension cryopreservation of the same cells, suggesting that the cryopreservation format is also crucial. These observations show that, in the discovery of macromolecular cryoprotectants, intracellular delivery of ice recrystallization inhibitors may not be a significant requirement under "slow freezing" conditions, which will help guide the design of new biomaterials, in particular, for cell storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben
M. F. Tomás
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Trisha L. Bailey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Hasan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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131
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Hardie J, Mas-Rosario JA, Ha S, Rizzo EM, Farkas ME. Macrophage activation by a substituted pyrimido[5,4-b]indole increases anti-cancer activity. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104452. [PMID: 31518642 PMCID: PMC6849472 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a promising new approach for cancer treatment due to the immune system's ability to remove tumors in a safe and specific manner. Many tumors express anti-inflammatory factors that deactivate the local immune response or recruit peripheral macrophages into pro-tumor roles. Because of this, effective and specific ways of activating macrophages into anti-tumor phenotypes is highly desirable for immunotherapy purposes. Here, the use of a small molecule TLR agonist as a macrophage activator for anti-cancer therapy is reported. This compound, referred to as PBI1, demonstrated unique activation characteristics and expression patterns compared to treatment with LPS, through activation of TLR4. Furthermore, PBI1 treatment resulted in anti-tumor immune behavior, enhancing macrophage phagocytic efficiency five-fold versus non-treated macrophages. Additive effects were observed via use of a complementary strategy (anti-CD47 antibody), resulting in ∼10-fold enhancement of phagocytosis, suggesting this small molecule approach could be used in conjunction with other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hardie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Javier A Mas-Rosario
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Siyoung Ha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Erik M Rizzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Michelle E Farkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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132
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Lim WQ, Phua SZF, Zhao Y. Redox-Responsive Polymeric Nanocomplex for Delivery of Cytotoxic Protein and Chemotherapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31638-31648. [PMID: 31389684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Responsive delivery of anticancer proteins into cells is an emerging field in biological therapeutics. Currently, the delivery of proteins is highly compromised by multiple successive physiological barriers that reduce the therapeutic efficacy. Hence, there is a need to design a robust and sustainable nanocarrier to provide suitable protection of proteins and overcome the physiological barriers for better cellular accumulation. In this work, polyethylenimine (PEI) cross-linked by oxaliplatin(IV) prodrug (oxliPt(IV)) was used to fabricate a redox-responsive nanocomplex (PEI-oxliPt(IV)@RNBC/GOD) for the delivery of a reactive oxygen species-cleavable, reversibly caged RNase A protein (i.e., RNase A nitrophenylboronic conjugate, RNBC) and glucose oxidase (GOD) in order to realize efficient cancer treatment. The generation of hydrogen peroxide by GOD can uncage and restore the enzymatic activity of RNBC. On account of the responsiveness of the nanocomplex to highly reducing cellular environment, it would dissociate and release the protein and active oxaliplatin drug, causing cell death by both catalyzing RNA degradation and inhibiting DNA synthesis. As assessed by the RNA degradation assay, the activity of the encapsulated RNBC was recovered by the catalytic production of hydrogen peroxide from GOD and glucose substrate overexpressed in cancer cells. Monitoring of the changes in nanoparticle size confirmed that the nanocomplex could dissociate in the reducing environment, with the release of active oxaliplatin drug and protein. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry analysis revealed highly efficient accumulation of the nanocomplex as compared to free native proteins. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments using 4T1 cancer cells showed ∼80% cell killing efficacy, with highly efficient apoptosis induction. Assisted by the cationic polymeric carrier, it was evident from CLSM images that intracellular delivery of the therapeutic protein significantly depleted the RNA level. Thus, this work provides a promising platform for the delivery of therapeutic proteins and chemotherapeutic drugs for efficient cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi Lim
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive , 637553 , Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
| | - Soo Zeng Fiona Phua
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive , 637553 , Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
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133
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Alex A, Piano V, Polley S, Stuiver M, Voss S, Ciossani G, Overlack K, Voss B, Wohlgemuth S, Petrovic A, Wu Y, Selenko P, Musacchio A, Maffini S. Electroporated recombinant proteins as tools for in vivo functional complementation, imaging and chemical biology. eLife 2019; 8:48287. [PMID: 31310234 PMCID: PMC6656429 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of native or chemically modified recombinant proteins into mammalian cells shows promise for functional investigations and various technological applications, but concerns that sub-cellular localization and functional integrity of delivered proteins may be affected remain high. Here, we surveyed batch electroporation as a delivery tool for single polypeptides and multi-subunit protein assemblies of the kinetochore, a spatially confined and well-studied subcellular structure. After electroporation into human cells, recombinant fluorescent Ndc80 and Mis12 multi-subunit complexes exhibited native localization, physically interacted with endogenous binding partners, and functionally complemented depleted endogenous counterparts to promote mitotic checkpoint signaling and chromosome segregation. Farnesylation is required for kinetochore localization of the Dynein adaptor Spindly. In cells with chronically inhibited farnesyl transferase activity, in vitro farnesylation and electroporation of recombinant Spindly faithfully resulted in robust kinetochore localization. Our data show that electroporation is well-suited to deliver synthetic and chemically modified versions of functional proteins, and, therefore, constitutes a promising tool for applications in chemical and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alex
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Valentina Piano
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Soumitra Polley
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marchel Stuiver
- In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Voss
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Society, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katharina Overlack
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Beate Voss
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arsen Petrovic
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yaowen Wu
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Society, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Philipp Selenko
- In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
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134
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Goda T, Imaizumi Y, Hatano H, Matsumoto A, Ishihara K, Miyahara Y. Translocation Mechanisms of Cell-Penetrating Polymers Identified by Induced Proton Dynamics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8167-8173. [PMID: 31094202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the majority of nanomaterials designed for cellular uptake via endocytic pathways, some of the functional nanoparticles and nanospheres directly enter the cytoplasm without overt biomembrane injuries. Previously, we have shown that a water-soluble nanoaggregate composed of amphiphilic random copolymer of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and n-butyl methacrylate (BMA), poly(MPC- random-BMA) (PMB), passes live cell membranes in an endocytosis-free manner. Yet, details in its translocation mechanism remain elusive due to the lack of proper analytical methods. To understand this phenomenon experimentally, we elaborated the original pH perturbation assay that is extremely sensitive to the pore formation on cell membranes. The ultimate sensitivity originates from the detection of the smallest indicator H+ (H3O+) passed through the molecularly sized transmembrane pores upon challenge by exogenous reagents. We revealed that water-soluble PMB at the 30 mol % MPC unit (i.e., PMB30W) penetrated into the cytosol of model mammalian cells without any proton leaks, in contrast to conventional cell-penetrating peptides, TAT and R8 as well as the surfactant, Triton X-100. While exposure of PMB30W permeabilized cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase out of the cells, indicating the alteration of cell membrane polarity by partitioning of amphiphilic PMB30W into the lipid bilayers. Nevertheless, the biomembrane alterations by PMB30W did not exhibit cytotoxicity. In summary, elucidating translocation mechanisms by proton dynamics will guide the design of nanomaterials with controlled permeabilization to cell membranes for bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Goda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai , Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062 , Japan
- Nano Innovation Institute , Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities , No. 22 HuoLinHe Street , Tongliao , Inner Mongolia 028000 , P. R. China
| | - Yuki Imaizumi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai , Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062 , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hatano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai , Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062 , Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai , Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062 , Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC) , 705-1 Shimoimaizumi , Ebina , Kanagawa 243-0435 , Japan
| | | | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai , Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062 , Japan
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135
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Yuan P, Mao X, Wu X, Liew SS, Li L, Yao SQ. Mitochondria‐Targeting, Intracellular Delivery of Native Proteins Using Biodegradable Silica Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Yuan
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Si Si Liew
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 21816 China
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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136
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Yuan P, Mao X, Wu X, Liew SS, Li L, Yao SQ. Mitochondria-Targeting, Intracellular Delivery of Native Proteins Using Biodegradable Silica Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7657-7661. [PMID: 30994955 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles in mammalian cells whose dysfunction is linked to various diseases. Drugs targeting mitochondrial proteins provide a highly promising strategy for potential therapeutics. Methods for the delivery of small-molecule drugs to the mitochondria are available, but these are not suitable for macromolecules, such as proteins. Herein, we report the delivery of native proteins and antibodies to the mitochondria using biodegradable silica nanoparticles (BS-NPs). The modification of the nanoparticle surface with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s (CPD) facilitated their rapid intracellular uptake with minimal endolysosomal trapping, providing sufficient time for effective mitochondrial localization followed by glutathione-triggered biodegradation and of native, functional proteins into the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Si Si Liew
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 21816, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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137
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Ressler VT, Mix KA, Raines RT. Esterification Delivers a Functional Enzyme into a Human Cell. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:599-602. [PMID: 30830748 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A major hurdle in chemical biology is the delivery of native proteins into the cytosol of mammalian cells. Herein, we report that esterification of the carboxyl groups of an enzyme with a diazo compound enables not only its passage into the cytosol but also the retention of its catalytic activity there. This scenario is demonstrated with human ribonuclease 1, which manifests ribonucleolytic activity that can be cytotoxic. After internalization, the nascent esters are hydrolyzed in situ by endogenous esterases, making the process traceless. This strategy provides unprecedented opportunities for the delivery of functional enzymes into human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie T. Ressler
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kalie A. Mix
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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138
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Singh K, Ejaz W, Dutta K, Thayumanavan S. Antibody Delivery for Intracellular Targets: Emergent Therapeutic Potential. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1028-1041. [PMID: 30830750 PMCID: PMC6470022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteins have sparked fast growing interest as biological therapeutic agents for several diseases. Antibodies, in particular, carry an enormous potential as drugs owing to their remarkable target specificity and low immunogenicity. Although the market has numerous antibodies directed toward extracellular targets, their use in targeting therapeutically important intracellular targets is limited by their inability to cross cellular membrane. Realizing the potential for antibody therapy in disease treatment, progress has been made in the development of methods to deliver antibodies intracellularly. In this review, we address various platforms for delivery of antibodies and their merits and drawbacks.
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139
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Deprey K, Becker L, Kritzer J, Plückthun A. Trapped! A Critical Evaluation of Methods for Measuring Total Cellular Uptake versus Cytosolic Localization. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1006-1027. [PMID: 30882208 PMCID: PMC6527423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules have many properties that make them promising for intracellular therapeutic applications, but delivery remains a key challenge because large biomolecules cannot easily enter the cytosol. Furthermore, quantification of total intracellular versus cytosolic concentrations remains demanding, and the determination of delivery efficiency is thus not straightforward. In this review, we discuss strategies for delivering biomolecules into the cytosol and briefly summarize the mechanisms of uptake for these systems. We then describe commonly used methods to measure total cellular uptake and, more selectively, cytosolic localization, and discuss the major advantages and drawbacks of each method. We critically evaluate methods of measuring "cell penetration" that do not adequately distinguish total cellular uptake and cytosolic localization, which often lead to inaccurate interpretations of a molecule's cytosolic localization. Finally, we summarize the properties and components of each method, including the main caveats of each, to allow for informed decisions about method selection for specific applications. When applied correctly and interpreted carefully, methods for quantifying cytosolic localization offer valuable insight into the bioactivity of biomolecules and potentially the prospects for their eventual development into therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Deprey
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Lukas Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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140
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Okuda A, Tahara S, Hirose H, Takeuchi T, Nakase I, Ono A, Takehashi M, Tanaka S, Futaki S. Oligoarginine-Bearing Tandem Repeat Penetration-Accelerating Sequence Delivers Protein to Cytosol via Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1849-1859. [PMID: 30893557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the cytosolic delivery of larger molecules such as proteins, we developed a new cell-penetrating peptide sequence, named Pas2r12, consisting of a repeated Pas sequence (FFLIG-FFLIG) and d-dodeca-arginine (r12). This peptide significantly enhanced the cellular uptake and cytosolic release of enhanced green fluorescent protein and immunoglobulin G as cargos. We found that simply mixing Pas2r12 with cargos could generate cytosolic introducible forms. The cytosolic delivery of cargos by Pas2r12 was found to be an energy-requiring process, to rely on actin polymerization, and to be suppressed by caveolae-mediated endocytosis inhibitors (genistein and methyl-β-cyclodextrin) and small interfering RNA against caveolin-1. These results suggest that Pas2r12 enhances membrane penetration of cargos without the need for cross-linking and that caveolae-mediated endocytosis may be the route by which cytosolic delivery is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Okuda
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences , Niigata University , 746 Asahimachidori-2 , Chuo-ku, Niigata , Niigata 951-8518 , Japan
| | - Shinya Tahara
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences , Niigata University , 746 Asahimachidori-2 , Chuo-ku, Niigata , Niigata 951-8518 , Japan
| | - Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Toshihide Takeuchi
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Graduate School of Science , Osaka Prefecture University , Naka-ku, Sakai , Osaka 599-8570 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences , Niigata University , 746 Asahimachidori-2 , Chuo-ku, Niigata , Niigata 951-8518 , Japan
| | - Masanori Takehashi
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Osaka Ohtani University , Tondabayashi , Osaka 584-8540 , Japan
| | - Seigo Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Osaka Ohtani University , Tondabayashi , Osaka 584-8540 , Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
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141
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Zhao S, Duan F, Liu S, Wu T, Shang Y, Tian R, Liu J, Wang ZG, Jiang Q, Ding B. Efficient Intracellular Delivery of RNase A Using DNA Origami Carriers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11112-11118. [PMID: 30874429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of proteins to carry out desired biological functions is a direct approach for disease treatment. However, protein therapy is still facing challenges due to low delivery efficiency, poor targeting during trafficking, insufficient therapeutic efficacy, and possible toxicity induced by carriers. Here, we present a novel delivery platform based on DNA origami nanostructure that enables tumor cell transportation of active proteins for cancer therapy. In our design, cytotoxic protein ribonuclease (RNase) A molecules are organized on the rectangular DNA origami nanosheets, which work as nanovehicles to deliver RNase A molecules into the cytoplasm and execute their cell-killing function inside the tumor cells. Cancer cell-targeting aptamers are also integrated onto the DNA origami-based nanoplatform to enhance its targeting effect. This DNA origami-protein coassembling strategy can be further developed to transport other functional proteins and therapeutic components simultaneously for synergistic effects and be adapted for integrated diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , 11 BeiYiTiao , ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Fangyuan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , 11 BeiYiTiao , ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , 11 BeiYiTiao , ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , 11 BeiYiTiao , ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yingxu Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , 11 BeiYiTiao , ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Run Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , 11 BeiYiTiao , ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jianbing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , 11 BeiYiTiao , ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Zhen-Gang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , 11 BeiYiTiao , ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , 11 BeiYiTiao , ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Baoquan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for NanoScience and Technology , 11 BeiYiTiao , ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
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142
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Chen J, Yang HH, Yin W, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Chen D, Xu Y, Liu SY, Zhang L, Dai Z, Zou X. Metastable Dumbbell Probe-Based Hybridization Chain Reaction for Sensitive and Accurate Imaging of Intracellular-Specific MicroRNAs In Situ in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4625-4631. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat−Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat−Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Yin
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat−Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat−Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Ma
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat−Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danping Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat−Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhi Xu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat−Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat−Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat−Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong Dai
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat−Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat−Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
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143
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Li Y, Li AC, Xu Q. Intracellular Delivery of His-Tagged Genome-Editing Proteins Enabled by Nitrilotriacetic Acid-Containing Lipidoid Nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1800996. [PMID: 30565897 PMCID: PMC6474682 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein- and peptide-based therapeutics with high tolerance and specificity along with low off-target effects and genetic risks have attracted tremendous attention over the last three decades. Herein, a new type of noncationic lipidoid nanoparticle (LNP) is reported for His-tagged protein delivery. Active lipidoids are synthesized by conjugating a nitrilotriacetic acid group with hydrophobic tails (EC16, O16B, and O17O) and nanoparticles are formulated in the presence of nickel ions and helper lipids (cholesterol, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000]). It is demonstrated that the newly developed LNPs are capable of delivering various His-tagged proteins including green fluorescent protein (GFP), (-30)GFP-Cre recombinase, and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein into mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, US,
| | - Alice Chukun Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, US,
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, US,
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144
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Salar S, Jafari M, Kaboli SF, Mehrnejad F. The role of intermolecular interactions on the encapsulation of human insulin into the chitosan and cholesterol-grafted chitosan polymers. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 208:345-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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145
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Schneider AFL, Wallabregue ALD, Franz L, Hackenberger CPR. Targeted Subcellular Protein Delivery Using Cleavable Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:400-404. [PMID: 30616339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of entire functional proteins into living cells is a long-sought goal in science. Cyclic cell-penetrating peptides (cCPPs) have proven themselves to be potent delivery vehicles to carry proteins upon conjugation into the cytosol of living cells with immediate bioavailability via a non-endosomal uptake pathway. With this strategy, we pursue the cytosolic delivery of mCherry, a medium-sized fluorescent protein. Afterward, we achieve subcellular delivery of mCherry to different intracellular loci by genetic fusion of targeting peptides to the protein sequence. We show efficient transport into a membrane-bound compartment, the nucleus, as well as targeting of the actin cytoskeleton, marking one of the first ways to label actin fluorescently in genetically unmodified living cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that only by conjugation of cCPPs via a disulfide bond, is flawless localization to the target area achieved. This finding underlines the importance of using a cCPP-based delivery vehicle that is cleaved inside cells, for the precise intracellular localization of a protein of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselm F L Schneider
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14189 Berlin , Germany
| | - Antoine L D Wallabregue
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany
| | - Luise Franz
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14189 Berlin , Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) , Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 , 13125 Berlin , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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146
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Bolhassani A. Improvements in chemical carriers of proteins and peptides. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:437-452. [PMID: 30672055 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The successful intracellular delivery of biologically active proteins and peptides plays an important role for therapeutic applications. Indeed, protein/peptide delivery could overcome some problems of gene therapy, for example, controlling the expression levels and the integration of transgene into the host cell genome. Thus, protein/peptide drug delivery showed a promising and safe approach for treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Due to the unique physical and chemical properties of proteins, their production (e.g., isolation, purification & formulation) and delivery represented significant challenges in pharmaceutical studies. Modification in the structural moieties of these protein/peptide drugs could improve their solubility, stability, crystallinity, lipophilicity, enzymatic susceptibility and targetability, and subsequently, therapies and cures against various diseases. Using the structural modification of protein/peptide, their delivery provided overall higher success rates including high specificity, high activity, bioreactivity and safety. Recently, biotechnological and pharmaceutical companies have tried to find novel techniques for the modifications and improve delivery systems/carriers. However, each carrier has its own benefits and drawbacks, and an appropriate carrier is often established by the physicochemical properties of protein or peptide, the ideal route of injection, and clinical characteristics of therapy. In this review, an attempt was made to give an overview on the chemical carriers for proteins and peptides as well as the recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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147
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Yun CK, Hwang JW, Kwak TJ, Chang WJ, Ha S, Han K, Lee S, Choi YS. Nanoinjection system for precise direct delivery of biomolecules into single cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:580-588. [PMID: 30623953 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00709h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of functional molecules such as proteins, transcription factors and DNA is effective and promising in cell biology. However, existing transfection methods are often unsuitable to deliver big molecules into cells or require carriers such as viruses and peptides specific to the target molecules. In addition, the nature of bulk processing does not generally provide accurate dose control of individual cells. The concept of single-cell-based material injection based on electrokinetic pumping through nanocapillaries could overcome these problems, yet the fabrication and operation of nanoscale 3-dimensional structures have remained unsolved. In this research, a hybrid (PDMS/glass) microfluidic chip with a true 3-dimensional nanoinjection structure (called "nanoinjection system") is presented. The nanoinjection structure was fabricated by femtosecond-laser (fs-laser) ablation in a single solid glass, which showed very successful delivery of red fluorescent protein (RFP) and expression of plasmid DNA in several different types of cells. This system is promising in that the amount of molecules to be delivered is controllable and the processed cells are systematically separated into a harvesting chamber, which can radically improve the purity of the processed cells. In addition, it was confirmed that the cells were healthy even after the molecule injection for a few seconds, indicating that the injection time can be significantly elongated, further improving the delivery efficiency of biomolecules without affecting the cell viability. We envision that the nanoinjection system having the major features of being carrier-free and dose-controllable, having an unlimited injection period, and ease of harvesting will greatly contribute to the next-generation research studies in the fields of cell biology and cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Koo Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pankyoro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea. and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Jung Wook Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pankyoro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Joon Kwak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Sungjae Ha
- Femtobiomed Inc., Seongnam, 13487, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyuboem Han
- Paean Biotechnology Inc., Daejeon, 34028, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Femtobiomed Inc., Seongnam, 13487, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Soo Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pankyoro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea.
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148
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Yang X, Tang Q, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Wang M, Mao L. Nanoscale ATP-Responsive Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-90 as a General Platform for Cytosolic Protein Delivery and Genome Editing. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3782-3786. [PMID: 30722666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of nanocarriers for drug delivery, owing to their tunable chemical functionality. Here we report ATP-responsive zeolitic imidazole framework-90 (ZIF-90) as a general platform for cytosolic protein delivery and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The self-assembly of imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde and Zn2+ with protein forms ZIF-90/protein nanoparticles and efficiently encapsulates protein. It was found that, in the presence of ATP, the ZIF-90/protein nanoparticles are degraded to release protein due to the competitive coordination between ATP and the Zn2+ of ZIF-90. Intracellular delivery studies showed that the ZIF-90/protein nanoparticle can deliver a large variety of proteins into the cytosol, regardless of protein size and molecular weight. The delivery of cytotoxic RNase A efficiently prohibits tumor cell growth, while the effective delivery of genome-editing protein Cas9 knocks out the green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression of HeLa cells with efficiency up to 35%. Given the fact that ATP is upregulated in disease cells, it is envisaged that the ATP-responsive protein delivery will open up new opportunities for an advanced protein delivery and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for targeted disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoti Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qiao Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China.,Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems , Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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149
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Wang S, Chen Y, Wang S, Li P, Mirkin CA, Farha OK. DNA-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Intracellular Delivery of Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2215-2219. [PMID: 30669839 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to their large size, charged surfaces, and environmental sensitivity, proteins do not naturally cross cell-membranes in intact form and, therefore, are difficult to deliver for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Based upon the observation that clustered oligonucleotides can naturally engage scavenger receptors that facilitate cellular transfection, nucleic acid-metal organic framework nanoparticle (MOF NP) conjugates have been designed and synthesized from NU-1000 and PCN-222/MOF-545, respectively, and phosphate-terminated oligonucleotides. They have been characterized structurally and with respect to their ability to enter mammalian cells. The MOFs act as protein hosts, and their densely functionalized, oligonucleotide-rich surfaces make them colloidally stable and ensure facile cellular entry. With insulin as a model protein, high loading and a 10-fold enhancement of cellular uptake (as compared to that of the native protein) were achieved. Importantly, this approach can be generalized to facilitate the delivery of a variety of proteins as biological probes or potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Yijing Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Shuya Wang
- Interdepartmental Biological Sciences , 2205 Tech Drive , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and the International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and the International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and the International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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150
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Li Y, Bolinger J, Yu Y, Glass Z, Shi N, Yang L, Wang M, Xu Q. Intracellular delivery and biodistribution study of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein loaded bioreducible lipidoid nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:596-606. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00637g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A combinatorial library of cationic lipidoids were used as nanocarriers for intracellular delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tufts University
- Medford
- USA
| | - Justin Bolinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tufts University
- Medford
- USA
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tufts University
- Medford
- USA
| | - Zachary Glass
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tufts University
- Medford
- USA
| | - Nicola Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tufts University
- Medford
- USA
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tufts University
- Medford
- USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Tufts University
- Medford
- USA
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