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Zhao L, Huang Y, Hu J, Zhou H, Adeleye AS, Keller AA. (1)H NMR and GC-MS Based Metabolomics Reveal Defense and Detoxification Mechanism of Cucumber Plant under Nano-Cu Stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2000-10. [PMID: 26751164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Because copper nanoparticles are being increasingly used in agriculture as pesticides, it is important to assess their potential implications for agriculture. Concerns have been raised about the bioaccumulation of nano-Cu and their toxicity to crop plants. Here, the response of cucumber plants in hydroponic culture at early development stages to two concentrations of nano-Cu (10 and 20 mg/L) was evaluated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics. Changes in mineral nutrient metabolism induced by nano-Cu were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results showed that nano-Cu at both concentrations interferes with the uptake of a number of micro- and macro-nutrients, such as Na, P, S, Mo, Zn, and Fe. Metabolomics data revealed that nano-Cu at both levels triggered significant metabolic changes in cucumber leaves and root exudates. The root exudate metabolic changes revealed an active defense mechanism against nano-Cu stress: up-regulation of amino acids to sequester/exclude Cu/nano-Cu; down-regulation of citric acid to reduce the mobilization of Cu ions; ascorbic acid up-regulation to combat reactive oxygen species; and up-regulation of phenolic compounds to improve antioxidant system. Thus, we demonstrate that nontargeted (1)H NMR and GC-MS based metabolomics can successfully identify physiological responses induced by nanoparticles. Root exudates metabolomics revealed important detoxification mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
- University of California , Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yuxiong Huang
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
- University of California , Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jerry Hu
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, United States
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Adeyemi S Adeleye
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
- University of California , Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
- University of California , Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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102
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Chen J, Dou R, Yang Z, Wang X, Mao C, Gao X, Wang L. The effect and fate of water-soluble carbon nanodots in maize (Zea maysL.). Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:818-28. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1133864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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103
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Yang Z, Chen J, Dou R, Gao X, Mao C, Wang L. Assessment of the Phytotoxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Two Crop Plants, Maize (Zea mays L.) and Rice (Oryza sativa L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:15100-9. [PMID: 26633437 PMCID: PMC4690899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121214963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the phytotoxicity of seven metal oxide nanoparticles(NPs)—titanium dioxide (nTiO2), silicon dioxide (nSiO2), cerium dioxide (nCeO2), magnetite (nFe3O4), aluminum oxide (nAl2O3), zinc oxide (nZnO) and copper oxide (nCuO)—was assessed on two agriculturally significant crop plants (maize and rice). The results showed that seed germination was not affected by any of the seven metal oxide NPs. However, at the concentration of 2000 mg·L−1, the root elongation was significantly inhibited by nCuO (95.73% for maize and 97.28% for rice), nZnO (50.45% for maize and 66.75% for rice). On the contrary, minor phytotoxicity of nAl2O3 was only observed in maize, and no obvious toxic effects were found in the other four metal oxide NPs. By further study we found that the phytotoxic effects of nZnO, nAl2O3 and nCuO (25 to 2000 mg·L−1) were concentration dependent, and were not caused by the corresponding Cu2+, Zn2+ and Al3+ ions (0.11 mg·L−1, 1.27 mg·L−1 and 0.74 mg·L−1, respectively). Furthermore, ZnO NPs (<50 nm) showed greater toxicity than ZnO microparticles(MPs)(<5 μm) to root elongation of both maize and rice. Overall, this study provided valuable information for the application of engineered NPs in agriculture and the assessment of the potential environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhou Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Runzhi Dou
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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104
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Gui X, Deng Y, Rui Y, Gao B, Luo W, Chen S, Nhan LV, Li X, Liu S, Han Y, Liu L, Xing B. Response difference of transgenic and conventional rice (Oryza sativa) to nanoparticles (γFe₂O₃). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17716-23. [PMID: 26154040 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are an increasingly common contaminant in agro-environments, and their potential effect on genetically modified (GM) crops has been largely unexplored. GM crop exposure to NPs is likely to increase as both technologies develop. To better understand the implications of nanoparticles on GM plants in agriculture, we performed a glasshouse study to quantify the uptake of Fe2O3 NPs on transgenic and non-transgenic rice plants. We measured nutrient concentrations, biomass, enzyme activity, and the concentration of two phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Root phytohormone inhibition was positively correlated with Fe2O3 NP concentrations, indicating that Fe2O3 had a significant influence on the production of these hormones. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher as a factor of low Fe2O3 NP treatment concentration and significantly lower at high NP concentrations, but only among transgenic plants. There was also a positive correlation between the treatment concentration of Fe2O3 and iron accumulation, and the magnitude of this effect was greatest among non-transgenic plants. The differences in root phytohormone production and antioxidant enzyme activity between transgenic and non-transgenic rice plants in vivo suggests that GM crops may react to NP exposure differently than conventional crops. It is the first study of NPs that may have an impact on GM crops, and a realistic significance for food security and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqing Deng
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yukui Rui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Binbin Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhe Luo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shili Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Le Van Nhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No1, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Xuguang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shutong Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yaning Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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105
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Gui X, Zhang Z, Liu S, Ma Y, Zhang P, He X, Li Y, Zhang J, Li H, Rui Y, Liu L, Cao W. Fate and Phytotoxicity of CeO2 Nanoparticles on Lettuce Cultured in the Potting Soil Environment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134261. [PMID: 26317617 PMCID: PMC4552829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) have been shown to have significant interactions in plants. Previous study reported the specific-species phytotoxicity of CeO2 NPs by lettuce (Lactuca sativa), but their physiological impacts and vivo biotransformation are not yet well understood, especially in relative realistic environment. Butterhead lettuce were germinated and grown in potting soil for 30 days cultivation with treatments of 0, 50, 100, 1000 mg CeO2 NPs per kg soil. Results showed that lettuce in 100 mg·kg-1 treated groups grew significantly faster than others, but significantly increased nitrate content. The lower concentrations treatment had no impact on plant growth, compared with the control. However, the higher concentration treatment significantly deterred plant growth and biomass production. The stress response of lettuce plants, such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Malondialdehyde(MDA) activity was disrupted by 1000 mg·kg-1 CeO2 NPs treatment. In addition, the presence of Ce (III) in the roots of butterhead lettuce explained the reason of CeO2 NPs phytotoxicity. These findings demonstrate CeO2 NPs modification of nutritional quality, antioxidant defense system, the possible transfer into the food chain and biotransformation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shutong Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao He
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huafen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yukui Rui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093, China
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States of America
| | - Liming Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Weidong Cao
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
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106
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Phytotoxic Mechanism of Nanoparticles: Destruction of Chloroplasts and Vascular Bundles and Alteration of Nutrient Absorption. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11618. [PMID: 26108166 PMCID: PMC4479828 DOI: 10.1038/srep11618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on determining the phytotoxic mechanism of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs): destroying chloroplasts and vascular bundles and altering absorption of nutrients on conventional and Bt-transgenic cottons. Experiments were designed with three concentrations of CeO2 NPs including: 0, 100 and 500 mg·L(-1), and each treatment was three replications. Results indicate that absorbed CeO2 nanoparticles significantly reduced the Zn, Mg, Fe, and P levels in xylem sap compared with the control group and decreased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in the roots of conventional cotton. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that CeO2 NPs were absorbed into the roots and subsequently transported to the stems and leaves of both conventional and Bt-transgenic cotton plants via xylem sap. In addition, the majority of aggregated CeO2 NPs were attached to the external surface of chloroplasts, which were swollen and ruptured, especially in Bt-transgenic cotton. The vascular bundles were destroyed by CeO2 nanoparticles, and more damage was observed in transgenic cotton than conventional cotton.
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107
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Ma C, White JC, Dhankher OP, Xing B. Metal-based nanotoxicity and detoxification pathways in higher plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7109-22. [PMID: 25974388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential risks from metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment have increased with the rapidly rising demand for and use of nanoenabled consumer products. Plant's central roles in ecosystem function and food chain integrity ensure intimate contact with water and soil systems, both of which are considered sinks for NPs accumulation. In this review, we document phytotoxicity caused by metal-based NPs exposure at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Although the exact mechanisms of plant defense against nanotoxicity are unclear, several relevant studies have been recently published. Possible detoxification pathways that might enable plant resistance to oxidative stress and facilitate NPs detoxification are reviewed herein. Given the importance of understanding the effects and implications of metal-based NPs on plants, future research should focus on the following: (1) addressing key knowledge gaps in understanding molecular and biochemical responses of plants to NPs stress through global transcriptome, proteome, and metablome assays; (2) designing long-term experiments under field conditions at realistic exposure concentrations to investigate the impact of metal-based NPs on edible crops and the resulting implications to the food chain and to human health; and (3) establishing an impact assessment to evaluate the effects of metal-based NPs on plants with regard to ecosystem structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Ma
- †Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jason C White
- ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- †Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- †Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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108
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Li Y, Shen F, Guo H, Wang Z, Yang G, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Deng S. Phytotoxicity assessment on corn stover biochar, derived from fast pyrolysis, based on seed germination, early growth, and potential plant cell damage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:9534-9543. [PMID: 25628114 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential phytotoxicity of water extractable toxicants in a typical corn stover biochar, the product of fast pyrolysis, was investigated using an aqueous biochar extract on a soil-less bioassay with tomato plants. The biochar dosage of 0.0-16.0 g beaker(-1) resulted in an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship between biochar doasage and seed germination/seedling growth. This indicated that tomato growth was slightly stimulated by low dosages of biochar and inhibited with higher dosages of biochar. Additionally, antioxidant enzyme activities in the roots and leaves were enhanced at lower dosages, but rapidly decreased with higher dosages of biochar. With the increased dosages of biochar, the malondialdehyde content in the roots and leaves increased, in addition with the observed morphology of necrotic root cells, suggesting that serious damage to tomato seedlings occurred. EC50 of root length inhibition occurred with biochar dosages of 9.2 g beaker(-1) (3.5th day) and 16.7 g beaker(-1) (11th day) (equivalent to 82.8 and 150.3 t ha(-1), respectively), which implied that toxicity to the early growth of tomato can potentially be alleviated as the plant grows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University-Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
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109
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Liu X, Ray JR, Neil CW, Li Q, Jun YS. Enhanced Colloidal Stability of CeO2 Nanoparticles by Ferrous Ions: Adsorption, Redox Reaction, and Surface Precipitation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5476-5483. [PMID: 25850446 DOI: 10.1021/es506363x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the toxicity of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs), a better understanding of the redox reaction-induced surface property changes of CeO2 NPs and their transport in natural and engineered aqueous systems is needed. This study investigates the impact of redox reactions with ferrous ions (Fe2+) on the colloidal stability of CeO2 NPs. We demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions, suspended CeO2 NPs in a 3 mM FeCl2 solution at pH 4.8 were much more stable against sedimentation than those in the absence of Fe2+. Redox reactions between CeO2 NPs and Fe2+ lead to the formation of 6-line ferrihydrite on the CeO2 surfaces, which enhanced the colloidal stability by increasing the zeta potential and hydrophilicity of CeO2 NPs. These redox reactions can affect the toxicity of CeO2 NPs by increasing cerium dissolution, and by creating new Fe(III) (hydr)oxide reactive surface layers. Thus, these findings have significant implications for elucidating the phase transformation and transport of redox reactive NPs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Liu
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jessica R Ray
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Chelsea W Neil
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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110
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Pagano G, Guida M, Tommasi F, Oral R. Health effects and toxicity mechanisms of rare earth elements-Knowledge gaps and research prospects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:40-8. [PMID: 25679485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the recent decades, rare earth elements (REE) have undergone a steady spread in several industrial and medical applications, and in agriculture. Relatively scarce information has been acquired to date on REE-associated biological effects, from studies of bioaccumulation and of bioassays on animal, plant and models; a few case reports have focused on human health effects following occupational REE exposures, in the present lack of epidemiological studies of occupationally exposed groups. The literature is mostly confined to reports on few REE, namely cerium and lanthanum, whereas substantial information gaps persist on the health effects of other REE. An established action mechanism in REE-associated health effects relates to modulating oxidative stress, analogous to the recognized redox mechanisms observed for other transition elements. Adverse outcomes of REE exposures include a number of endpoints, such as growth inhibition, cytogenetic effects, and organ-specific toxicity. An apparent controversy regarding REE-associated health effects relates to opposed data pointing to either favorable or adverse effects of REE exposures. Several studies have demonstrated that REE, like a number of other xenobiotics, follow hormetic concentration-related trends, implying stimulatory or protective effects at low levels, then adverse effects at higher concentrations. Another major role for REE-associated effects should be focused on pH-dependent REE speciation and hence toxicity. Few reports have demonstrated that environmental acidification enhances REE toxicity; these data may assume particular relevance in REE-polluted acidic soils and in REE mining areas characterized by concomitant REE and acid pollution. The likely environmental threats arising from REE exposures deserve a new line of research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Federico II University of Naples, Environmental Hygiene, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Guida
- Federico II University of Naples, Environmental Hygiene, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Tommasi
- "Aldo Moro" Bari University, Department o f Plant Biology, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rahime Oral
- Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, TR-35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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111
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Du ST, Liu Y, Zhang P, Liu HJ, Zhang XQ, Zhang RR. Atmospheric application of trace amounts of nitric oxide enhances tolerance to salt stress and improves nutritional quality in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Food Chem 2015; 173:905-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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112
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Vittori Antisari L, Carbone S, Gatti A, Vianello G, Nannipieri P. Uptake and translocation of metals and nutrients in tomato grown in soil polluted with metal oxide (CeO₂, Fe₃O₄, SnO₂, TiO₂) or metallic (Ag, Co, Ni) engineered nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:1841-1853. [PMID: 25189804 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of exposure to engineered nanoparticles (NPs) was studied in tomato plants, grown in a soil and peat mixture and irrigated with metal oxides (CeO2, Fe3O4, SnO2, TiO2) and metallic (Ag, Co, Ni) NPs. The morphological parameters of the tomato organs, the amount of component metals taken up by the tomato plants from NPs added to the soil and the nutrient content in different tomato organs were also investigated. The fate, transport and possible toxicity of different NPs and nutrients in tomato tissues from soils were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The tomato yield depended on the NPs: Fe3O4-NPs promoted the root growth, while SnO2-NP exposure reduced it (i.e. +152.6 and -63.1 % of dry matter, respectively). The NP component metal mainly accumulated in the tomato roots; however, plants treated with Ag-, Co- and Ni-NPs showed higher concentration of these elements in both above-ground and below-ground organs with respect to the untreated plants, in addition Ag-NPs also contaminated the fruits. Moreover, an imbalance of K translocation was detected in some plants exposed to Ag-, Co- and Fe3O4-NPs. The component metal concentration of soil rhizosphere polluted with NPs significantly increased compared to controls, and NPs were detected in the tissues of the tomato roots using electron microscopy (ESEM-EDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Vittori Antisari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 40, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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113
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Peng C, Duan D, Xu C, Chen Y, Sun L, Zhang H, Yuan X, Zheng L, Yang Y, Yang J, Zhen X, Chen Y, Shi J. Translocation and biotransformation of CuO nanoparticles in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 197:99-107. [PMID: 25521412 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) may be translocated and biochemically modified in vivo, which may influence the fate of MNPs in the environment. Here, synchrotron-based techniques were used to investigate the behavior of CuO NPs in rice plants exposed to 100 mg/L CuO NPs for 14 days. Micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-XANES) analysis revealed that CuO NPs moved into the root epidermis, exodermis, and cortex, and they ultimately reached the endodermis but could not easily pass the Casparian strip; however, the formation of lateral roots provided a potential pathway for MNPs to enter the stele. Moreover, bulk-XANES data showed that CuO NPs were transported from the roots to the leaves, and that Cu (II) combined with cysteine, citrate, and phosphate ligands and was even reduced to Cu (I). CuO NPs and Cu-citrate were observed in the root cells using soft X-ray scanning transmission microscopy (STXM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Dechao Duan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yuan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuanqiang Yang
- Department of Technology, Beijing Construction Engineering Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China.
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiangjun Zhen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Yingxu Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiyan Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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114
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Rico CM, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Differential effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on rice, wheat, and barley roots: a fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy study. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:287-95. [PMID: 25587938 DOI: 10.1366/14-07495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) have extensive industrial applications, and concerns regarding their threat to the environment have been raised. This study includes structural analysis of intact root xylem of rice (Oryza sativaL.), wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), and barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) seedlings exposed to nCeO2 suspensions (0, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg L(-1)). Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was applied to determine compositional alterations in the root xylem, and principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to examine spectral differences between nCeO2 treatments. Results demonstrated that nCeO2 at ≥ 125 mg L(-1) changed the region of spectra around 1696-1760 cm(-1) in rice root, 125 and 250 mg L(-1) modified 1744-1792 cm(-1) in wheat, and 62.5 and 125 mg L(-1) altered 1727-1760 cm(-1) in barley. PCA afforded the clustering of nCeO2 treatments at 0 and 62.5 mg L(-1) in rice and wheat and 0 and 500 mg L(-1) in barley. Furthermore, major peaks at 1744 or 1760 cm(-1) appeared in primary PC and 1728 cm(-1) in secondary PC score loadings. These findings illustrated that nCeO2 induced compositional modifications in the root xylem of cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyren M Rico
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968 USA
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115
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Le VN, Rui Y, Gui X, Li X, Liu S, Han Y. Uptake, transport, distribution and Bio-effects of SiO2 nanoparticles in Bt-transgenic cotton. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:50. [PMID: 25477033 PMCID: PMC4278344 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-014-0050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SiO2 nanoparticle is one of the most popular nanomaterial which has been used in various fields, such as wastewater treatment, environmental remediation, food processing, industrial and household applications, biomedicine, disease labeling, and biosensor, etc. In agriculture, the use of SiO2 nanoparticles as insecticide, carriers in drug delivery, or in uptake and translocation of nutrient elements, etc., has been given attention. However, the effects of nanoparticles on plants have been seldom studied. In this work, the toxicity of SiO2 nanoparticles and their uptake, transport, distribution and bio-effects have been investigated in Bt-transgenic cotton. Methods The phytotoxic effects of SiO2 nanoparticles were exhibited in Bt-transgenic cotton with different SiO2 concentrations of 0, 10, 100, 500 and 2000 mg.L−1 for 3 weeks through dry biomasses, nutrient elements, xylem sap, enzymes activities, and hormone concentrations. The uptake and distribution of nanoparticles by the plants were confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results The SiO2 nanoparticles decreased significantly the plant height, shoot and root biomasses; the SiO2 nanoparticles also affected the contents of Cu, Mg in shoots and Na in roots of transgenic cotton; and SOD activity and IAA concentration were significantly influenced by SiO2 nanoparticles. In addition, SiO2 nanoparticles were present in the xylem sap and roots as examined by TEM showing that the SiO2 nanoparticles were transported from roots to shoots via xylem sap. Conclusions This is the first report of the transportation of SiO2 nanoparticles via xylem sap within Bt-transgenic cotton. This study provides direct evidence for the bioaccumulation of SiO2 nanoparticles in plants, which shows the potential risks of SiO2 nanoparticles impact on food crops and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Nhan Le
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, 222260, Viet Nam.
| | - Yukui Rui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xin Gui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xuguang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shutong Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yaning Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu No.2, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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116
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Corral-Diaz B, Peralta-Videa JR, Alvarez-Parrilla E, Rodrigo-García J, Morales MI, Osuna-Avila P, Niu G, Hernandez-Viezcas JA, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Cerium oxide nanoparticles alter the antioxidant capacity but do not impact tuber ionome in Raphanus sativus (L). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 84:277-285. [PMID: 25439500 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nCeO2 on food quality are not well known yet. This research was performed to determine the impact of nCeO2 on radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Plants were cultivated to full maturity in potting soil treated with nCeO2 at concentrations of 0, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Germination, growth, photosynthesis, ionome, and antioxidants were evaluated at different growth stages. Results showed that at 500 mg/kg, nCeO2 significantly retarded seed germination but did not reduce the number of germinated seeds. None of the treatments affected gas exchange, photosynthesis, growth, phenols, flavonoids, and nutrients' accumulation in tubers and leaves of adult plants. However, tubers' antioxidant capacity, expressed as FRAP, ABTS(•-) and DPPH, increased by 30%, 32%, and 85%, respectively, in plants treated with 250 mg nCeO2kg(-1) soil. In addition, cerium accumulation in tubers of plants treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg reached 72 and 142 mg/kg d wt, respectively. This suggests that nCeO2 could improve the radical scavenging potency of radish but it might introduce nCeO2 into the food chain with unknown consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baltazar Corral-Diaz
- The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Chemistry, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez, Departamento de Química y Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Anillo envolvente PRONAF y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juarez, Chih 32310, Mexico
| | - Jose R Peralta-Videa
- The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Chemistry, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UCCEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez, Departamento de Química y Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Anillo envolvente PRONAF y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juarez, Chih 32310, Mexico
| | - Joaquin Rodrigo-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Anillo envolvente PRONAF y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juarez, Chih 32310, Mexico
| | - Maria Isabel Morales
- The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Chemistry, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Pedro Osuna-Avila
- Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez, Departamento de Química y Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Anillo envolvente PRONAF y Estocolmo, Ciudad Juarez, Chih 32310, Mexico
| | - Genhua Niu
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at El Paso, Texas A&M University, 1380 A&M Circle, El Paso, TX 79927, USA
| | - Jose A Hernandez-Viezcas
- The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Chemistry, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Chemistry, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA; UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UCCEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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117
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Gomez-Garay A, Pintos B, Manzanera JA, Lobo C, Villalobos N, Martín L. Uptake of CeO2 nanoparticles and its effect on growth of Medicago arborea In vitro plantlets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 161:143-50. [PMID: 25104098 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study analyzes some effects of nano-CeO2 particles on the growth of in vitro plantlets of Medicago arborea when the nanoceria was added to the culture medium. Various concentrations of nano-CeO2 and bulk ceric oxide particles in suspension form were introduced to the agar culture medium to compare the effects of nanoceria versus ceric oxide bulk material. Germination rate and shoot dry weight were not affected by the addition of ceric oxide to the culture media. Furthermore, no effects were observed on chlorophyll content (single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) measurements) due to the presence of either nano- or micro-CeO2 in the culture medium. When low concentrations of nanoceria were added to the medium, the number of trifoliate leaves and the root length increased but the root dry weight decreased. Also the values of maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (F(v)/F m) showed a significant decrease. Dark-adapted minimum fluorescence (F 0) significantly increased in the presence of 200 mg L(-1) nanoceria and 400 mg L(-1) bulk material. Root tissues were more sensitive to nanoceria than were the shoots at lower concentrations of nanoceria. A stress effect was observed on M. arborea plantlets due to cerium uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranzazu Gomez-Garay
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal I: Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, c/José Antonio Novais no. 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain,
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118
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Dimkpa CO. Can nanotechnology deliver the promised benefits without negatively impacting soil microbial life? J Basic Microbiol 2014; 54:889-904. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gardea-Torresdey JL, Rico CM, White JC. Trophic transfer, transformation, and impact of engineered nanomaterials in terrestrial environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2526-40. [PMID: 24499408 DOI: 10.1021/es4050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are released into the environment with unknown implications in the food chain. Recent findings demonstrate that ENMs may accumulate and/or increase concentrations of the component metal or carbon nanomaterials in the fruits/grains of agricultural crops, have detrimental or beneficial effects on the agronomic traits, yield, and productivity of plants, induce modifications in the nutritional value of food crops, and transfer within trophic levels. Given this information, important questions needed to be resolved include a determination of actual or predicted concentrations of ENMs through the development of new and perhaps hybridized analytical tools, assessment of the nutritional content modifications and/or accumulation of ENMs, component metal, and cocontaminants in edible plants and their implications on human diet, nutrition, and health, assessment of the consequences of ENM-induced changes in soil health, physiological process, and yield on agricultural production and food security, and transfer of ENMs in trophic levels. Given the significant implications of ENMs exposure and the rather large knowledge gaps that exist, it will be prudent to observe judicious and targeted use of ENMs so as to minimize environmental release until a comprehensive environmental fate and effects assessment can be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso Texas 79968, United States
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