101
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Samayam IP, Hanson BL, Langan P, Schall CA. Ionic-liquid induced changes in cellulose structure associated with enhanced biomass hydrolysis. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3091-8. [PMID: 21740062 PMCID: PMC3177539 DOI: 10.1021/bm200736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of varying ionic liquid pretreatment parameters on various sources of lignocellulosic biomass have been studied using X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fiber diffraction, and compositional analysis. Comparative enzymatic hydrolysis and sugar analysis were used to relate the observed changes in cellulose structure to biomass digestibility. In this study, the factor most clearly associated with enhanced biomass hydrolysis is the conversion of cellulose fibers from the cellulose I to the cellulose II crystal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Leif Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, OH
- Arts & Sciences Instrumentation Center, University of Toledo, OH
| | - Paul Langan
- Center for Structural and Molecular Biology (CSMB), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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102
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Synthesis and bio-applications of carbohydrate–gold nanoconjugates with nanoparticle and nanolayer forms. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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103
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Oudiani AE, Chaabouni Y, Msahli S, Sakli F. Crystal transition from cellulose I to cellulose II in NaOH treated Agave americana L. fibre. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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104
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Brouwer DH, Langendoen KP, Ferrant Q. Measurement and calculation of 13C chemical shift tensors in α-glucose and α-glucose monohydrate. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 13C chemical shift tensors of two crystalline forms of glucose (α-glucose and α-glucose·H2O) were determined from one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments. The experimental values determined from 1D and 2D methods are in very good agreement. Quantum chemical calculations were also carried out using the gauge-including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) method for plane-wave density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in the CAmbridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP). The calculated 13C chemical shifts were found to be in excellent agreement with experimental values for crystal structures that had their hydrogen atoms optimized and after an appropriate calibration was applied to convert calculated chemical shieldings into chemical shifts. The work presented here lays an important foundation for future solid-state NMR and quantum chemical calculation investigations of the various crystalline forms of cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren H. Brouwer
- Chemistry Department, Redeemer University College, Ancaster, ON L9K 1J4, Canada
| | - Kevin P. Langendoen
- Chemistry Department, Redeemer University College, Ancaster, ON L9K 1J4, Canada
| | - Quentin Ferrant
- Chemistry Department, Redeemer University College, Ancaster, ON L9K 1J4, Canada
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105
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Miyamoto H, Ago M, Yamane C, Seguchi M, Ueda K, Okajima K. Supermolecular structure of cellulose/amylose blends prepared from aqueous NaOH solutions and effects of amylose on structural formation of cellulose from its solution. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:807-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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106
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Lucas M, Wagner GL, Nishiyama Y, Hanson L, Samayam IP, Schall CA, Langan P, Rector KD. Reversible swelling of the cell wall of poplar biomass by ionic liquid at room temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4518-23. [PMID: 21247757 PMCID: PMC3487160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved autofluorescence, Raman microspectroscopy, and scanning microprobe X-ray diffraction were combined in order to characterize lignocellulosic biomass from poplar trees and how it changes during treatment with the ionic liquid 1-n-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAC) at room temperature. The EMIMAC penetrates the cell wall from the lumen, swelling the cell wall by about a factor of two towards the empty lumen. However, the middle lamella remains unchanged, preventing the cell wall from swelling outwards. During this swelling, most of the cellulose microfibrils are solubilized but chain migration is restricted and a small percentage of microfibrils persist. When the EMIMAC is expelled, the cellulose recrystallizes as microfibrils of cellulose I. There is little change in the relative chemical composition of the cell wall after treatment. The action of EMIMAC on the poplar cell wall at room temperature would therefore appear to be a reversible swelling and a reversible decrystallization of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Lucas
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Greg L. Wagner
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Yoshiharu Nishiyama
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales – CNRS, affiliated with the Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Leif Hanson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Indira P. Samayam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Constance A. Schall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Paul Langan
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Kirk D. Rector
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Corresponding author. Address: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. Tel.: +1 505 667 9457; fax: +1 505 667 0440. (K.D. Rector)
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107
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Cheng G, Varanasi P, Li C, Liu H, Melnichenko YB, Simmons BA, Kent MS, Singh S. Transition of cellulose crystalline structure and surface morphology of biomass as a function of ionic liquid pretreatment and its relation to enzymatic hydrolysis. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:933-41. [PMID: 21361369 DOI: 10.1021/bm101240z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is inherently resistant to breakdown, and the native crystalline structure (cellulose I) of cellulose is considered to be one of the major factors limiting its potential in terms of cost-competitive lignocellulosic biofuel production. Here we report the impact of ionic liquid pretreatment on the cellulose crystalline structure in different feedstocks, including microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), pine ( Pinus radiata ), and eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus globulus ), and its influence on cellulose hydrolysis kinetics of the resultant biomass. These feedstocks were pretreated using 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) at 120 and 160 °C for 1, 3, 6, and 12 h. The influence of the pretreatment conditions on the cellulose crystalline structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). On a larger length scale, the impact of ionic liquid pretreatment on the surface roughness of the biomass was determined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Pretreatment resulted in a loss of native cellulose crystalline structure. However, the transformation processes were distinctly different for Avicel and for the biomass samples. For Avicel, a transformation to cellulose II occurred for all processing conditions. For the biomass samples, the data suggest that pretreatment for most conditions resulted in an expanded cellulose I lattice. For switchgrass, first evidence of cellulose II only occurred after 12 h of pretreatment at 120 °C. For eucalyptus, first evidence of cellulose II required more intense pretreatment (3 h at 160 °C). For pine, no clear evidence of cellulose II content was detected for the most intense pretreatment conditions of this study (12 h at 160 °C). Interestingly, the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel was slightly lower for pretreatment at 160 °C compared with pretreatment at 120 °C. For the biomass samples, the hydrolysis rate was much greater for pretreatment at 160 °C compared with pretreatment at 120 °C. The result for Avicel can be explained by more complete conversion to cellulose II upon precipitation after pretreatment at 160 °C. By comparison, the result for the biomass samples suggests that another factor, likely lignin-carbohydrate complexes, also impacts the rate of cellulose hydrolysis in addition to cellulose crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
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108
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109
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Li Q, Renneckar S. Supramolecular Structure Characterization of Molecularly Thin Cellulose I Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:650-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101315y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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110
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Simulation studies of the insolubility of cellulose. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2060-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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111
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Luo X, Zhang L. Creation of regenerated cellulose microspheres with diameter ranging from micron to millimeter for chromatography applications. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5922-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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112
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Krueger C, Thommes M, Kleinebudde P. “MCC SANAQ®burst”—A New Type of Cellulose and its Suitability to Prepare Fast Disintegrating Pellets. J Pharm Innov 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-010-9080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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113
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Habibi Y, Lucia LA, Rojas OJ. Cellulose Nanocrystals: Chemistry, Self-Assembly, and Applications. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3479-500. [PMID: 20201500 DOI: 10.1021/cr900339w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2546] [Impact Index Per Article: 181.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Habibi
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lucian A. Lucia
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
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114
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Sun S, Mitchell JR, Macnaughtan W, Foster TJ, Harabagiu V, Song Y, Zheng Q. Comparison of the mechanical properties of cellulose and starch films. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:126-32. [PMID: 19908856 DOI: 10.1021/bm900981t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some effects of water at levels up to 25% (dry solids basis db) on regenerated cellulose films with a thickness of 100 mum were investigated by dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), X-ray diffraction, tensile testing, and proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The sorption isotherm fitted by the D'Arcy and Watt model and the increase in NMR T(2) with water content suggest that a mobile water fraction appears at water contents above 10%db. Water absorption increased the crystallinity of cellulose films from 31% (dry) to 38% (25%db) and altered the dimensions of crystallites. Mechanical measurements on planar and notched samples at all the water contents used here showed ductile fracture behavior. Although the properties of water in these cellulose films are comparable to previously reported data on starch, cellulose films at low water content are much less brittle than starch. The reasons for this difference are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Sun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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115
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116
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Synthesis of highly ordered cellulose II in vitro using cellodextrin phosphorylase. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:2468-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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117
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Shen T, Langan P, French AD, Johnson GP, Gnanakaran S. Conformational Flexibility of Soluble Cellulose Oligomers: Chain Length and Temperature Dependence. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14786-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9034158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongye Shen
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics Group, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Biosciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Cotton Structure and Quality Research Unit, USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124
| | - Paul Langan
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics Group, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Biosciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Cotton Structure and Quality Research Unit, USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124
| | - Alfred D. French
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics Group, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Biosciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Cotton Structure and Quality Research Unit, USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124
| | - Glenn P. Johnson
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics Group, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Biosciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Cotton Structure and Quality Research Unit, USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124
| | - S. Gnanakaran
- Theoretical Biology & Biophysics Group, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Biosciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Cotton Structure and Quality Research Unit, USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124
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118
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Miyamoto H, Umemura M, Aoyagi T, Yamane C, Ueda K, Takahashi K. Structural reorganization of molecular sheets derived from cellulose II by molecular dynamics simulations. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1085-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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119
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Wada M, Heux L, Nishiyama Y, Langan P. X-ray crystallographic, scanning microprobe X-ray diffraction, and cross-polarized/magic angle spinning 13C NMR studies of the structure of cellulose III(II). Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:302-9. [PMID: 19199578 PMCID: PMC2771106 DOI: 10.1021/bm8010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray crystallographic structure of cellulose III(II) is characterized by disorder; the unit cell (space group P2(1); a = 4.45 A, b = 7.64 A, c = 10.36 A, alpha = beta = 90 degrees, gamma = 106.96 degrees) is occupied by one chain that is the average of statistically disordered antiparallel chains. 13C CP/MAS NMR studies reveal the presence of three distinct molecular conformations that can be interpreted as a mixture of two different crystal forms, one equivalent to cellulose III(I), and another with two independent glucosyl conformations in the asymmetric unit. Both X-ray crystallographic and 13C NMR spectroscopic results are consistent with an aggregated microdomain structure for cellulose III(II). This structure can be generated from a new crystal form (space group P2(1); a = 4.45 A, b = 14.64 A, c = 10.36 A, alpha = beta = 90 degrees, gamma = 90.05 degrees; two crystallographically independent and antiparallel chains; gt hydroxymethyl groups) by multiple dislocation defects. These defects produce microdomains of the new crystal form and cellulose III(I) that scanning microprobe diffraction studies show are distributed consistently through the cellulose III(II) fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Wada
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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120
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121
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MIYAMOTO H, YAMANE C, SEGUCHI M, OKAJIMA K. Structure and Properties of Cellulose-Starch Blend Films Regenerated from Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide Solution. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.15.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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122
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Yoneda Y, Mereiter K, Jaeger C, Brecker L, Kosma P, Rosenau T, French A. van der Waals versus Hydrogen-Bonding Forces in a Crystalline Analog of Cellotetraose: Cyclohexyl 4′-O-Cyclohexyl β-d-Cellobioside Cyclohexane Solvate. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:16678-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ja805147t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yoneda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria, Faculty of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of
| | - Kurt Mereiter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria, Faculty of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of
| | - Christian Jaeger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria, Faculty of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of
| | - Lothar Brecker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria, Faculty of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria, Faculty of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria, Faculty of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of
| | - Alfred French
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria, Faculty of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of
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123
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Yokota S, Kitaoka T, Wariishi H. Biofunctionality of self-assembled nanolayers composed of cellulosic polymers. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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124
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Kocherbitov V, Ulvenlund S, Kober M, Jarring K, Arnebrant T. Hydration of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Milled Cellulose Studied by Sorption Calorimetry. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:3728-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711554c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Kocherbitov
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden, and AstraZeneca R&D Lund, S-22187 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Ulvenlund
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden, and AstraZeneca R&D Lund, S-22187 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Kober
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden, and AstraZeneca R&D Lund, S-22187 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kjell Jarring
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden, and AstraZeneca R&D Lund, S-22187 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Arnebrant
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden, and AstraZeneca R&D Lund, S-22187 Lund, Sweden
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125
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Li Z, Hu P, Yu J, Hu Z, Liu Z. Preparation and Characterization of Regenerated Cellulose Fibers from a Novel Solvent System. J MACROMOL SCI B 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340701849079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Li
- a State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials , Donghua University , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Hu
- a State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials , Donghua University , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junrong Yu
- a State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials , Donghua University , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zuming Hu
- a State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials , Donghua University , Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Liu
- a State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials , Donghua University , Shanghai, P. R. China
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126
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Laux V, Callow P, Svergun DI, Timmins PA, Forsyth VT, Haertlein M. Selective deuteration of tryptophan and methionine residues in maltose binding protein: a model system for neutron scattering. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2008; 37:815-22. [PMID: 18274740 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-008-0280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe methods that have been developed within the ILL-EMBL Deuteration Laboratory for the production of maltose binding protein (MBP) that has been selectively labelled either with deuterated tryptophan or deuterated methionine (single labelling), or both (double labelling). MBP is used as an important model system for biophysical studies, and selective labelling can be helpful in the analysis of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data, neutron reflection (NR) data, and high-resolution neutron diffraction data. The selective labelling was carried out in E. coli high-cell density cultures using auxotrophic mutants in minimal medium containing the required deuterated precursors. Five types of sample were prepared and studied: (1) unmodified hydrogenated MBP (H-MBP), (2) perdeuterated MBP (D-MBP), (3) singly labelled MBP with the tryptophan residues deuterated (D-trp MBP), (4) singly labelled MBP with methionine residues deuterated (D-met MBP) and (5) doubly labelled MBP with both tryptophan and methionine residues deuterated (D-trp/met MBP). Labelled samples were characterised by size exclusion chromatography, gel electrophoresis, light scattering and mass spectroscopy. Preliminary small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments have also been carried out and show measurable differences between the SANS data recorded for the various labelled analogues. More detailed SANS experiments using these labelled MBP analogues are planned; the degree to which such data could enhance structure determination by SANS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Laux
- ILL-EMBL Deuteration Laboratory, Partnership for Structural Biology, Institut Laue Langevin, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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127
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128
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Yui T, Hayashi S. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Solvated Crystal Models of Cellulose Iα and IIII. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:817-24. [PMID: 17286383 DOI: 10.1021/bm060867a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Swelling behaviors of cellulose I(alpha) and III(I) crystals have been studied using molecular dynamics simulations of the solvated finite-crystal models. The typical crystal models consisted of 48 x 10-mer chains. For the cellulose I(alpha) crystal, models consisting of different numbers of chains and chain lengths were also studied. The structural features of the swollen crystal models, including the cellulose I(beta) crystal model reported previously, were compared. A distinct right-handed twist was observed for models of the native cellulose crystals (cellulose I(alpha) and I(beta)), with a greater amount of twisting observed for the I(alpha) crystal model. Although the amount of twist decreased with increasing dimensions of the cellulose I(alpha) crystal model, the relative changes in twist angle suggest that considerable twist would arise in a crystal model of the actual dimensions. In contrast to the swelling behavior of crystal models of the native cellulose, the cellulose III(I) crystal model exhibited local, gradual disordering at the corner of the reducing end. Comparison of the lattice energies indicated that the cellulose chains of the I(beta) crystal were packed in the most stable fashion, whereas those of the I(alpha) and III(I) crystals were in a metastable state, which is consistent with the crystallization behaviors observed. Upon heating of the native cellulose crystal models, the chain sheets of the I(alpha) model showed a continuous increase in twist angle, suggesting weaker intersheet interactions in this model. The swollen crystal models of cellulose I(alpha) and III(I) reproduce well the representative structural features observed in the corresponding crystal structures. The crystal model twist thus characterizes the swelling behavior of the native cellulose crystal models, which seems to be related to the insolubility of the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Yui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1, Gakuen-kibanadai, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
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130
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Yang G, Miyamoto H, Yamane C, Okajima K. Structure of Regenerated Cellulose Films from Cellulose/Aqueous NaOH Solution as a Function of Coagulation Conditions. Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2006025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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131
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Wakelyn P, Bertoniere N, French A, Thibodeaux D, Triplett B, Rousselle MA, Goynes W, Edwards J, Hunter L, McAlister D, Gamble G. Cotton Fibers. HANDBOOK OF FIBER CHEMISTRY, THIRD EDITION 2006. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420015270.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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132
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Clair B, Alméras T, Yamamoto H, Okuyama T, Sugiyama J. Mechanical behavior of cellulose microfibrils in tension wood, in relation with maturation stress generation. Biophys J 2006; 91:1128-35. [PMID: 16698777 PMCID: PMC1563746 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.078485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A change in cellulose lattice spacing can be detected during the release of wood maturation stress by synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiment. The lattice strain was found to be the same order of magnitude as the macroscopic strain. The fiber repeat distance, 1.033 nm evaluated for tension wood after the release of maturation stress was equal to the conventional wood values, whereas the value before stress release was larger, corresponding to a fiber repeat of 1.035 nm, nearly equal to that of cotton and ramie. Interestingly, the fiber repeat varied from 1.033 nm for wood to 1.040 nm for algal cellulose, with an increasing order of lateral size of cellulose microfibrils so far reported. These lines of experiments demonstrate that, before the stress release, the cellulose was in a state of tension, which is, to our knowledge, the first experimental evidence supporting the assumption that tension is induced in cellulose microfibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Clair
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji Kyoto, Japan
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133
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Wada M, Nishiyama Y, Langan P. X-ray Structure of Ammonia−Cellulose I: New Insights into the Conversion of Cellulose I to Cellulose IIII. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060228s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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134
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135
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Pu Y, Ziemer C, Ragauskas AJ. CP/MAS 13C NMR analysis of cellulase treated bleached softwood kraft pulp. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:591-7. [PMID: 16442511 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fully bleached softwood kraft pulps were hydrolyzed with cellulase (1,4-(1,3:1,4)-beta-D-glucan 4-glucano-hydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4) from Trichoderma reesei. Supra-molecular structural features of cellulose during enzymatic hydrolysis were examined by using CP/MAS 13C NMR spectra in combination with line-fitting analysis. Different types of cellulose allomorphs (cellulose I(alpha), cellulose I(beta), para-crystalline) and amorphous regions were hydrolyzed to a different extent by the enzyme used. Also observed was a rapid initial phase for hydrolysis of regions followed by a slow hydrolysis phase. Cellulose I(alpha), para-crystalline, and non-crystalline regions of cellulose are more susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis than cellulose I(beta) during the initial phase. After the initial phase, all the regions are then similarly susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiao Pu
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th St., Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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136
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Oh SY, Yoo DI, Shin Y, Kim HC, Kim HY, Chung YS, Park WH, Youk JH. Crystalline structure analysis of cellulose treated with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide by means of X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 2006; 340:2376-91. [PMID: 16153620 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 08/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline structures of cellulose (named as Cell 1), NaOH-treated cellulose (Cell 2), and subsequent CO2-treated cellulose (Cell 2-C) were analyzed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. Transformation from cellulose I to cellulose II was observed by X-ray diffraction for Cell 2 treated with 15-20 wt% NaOH. Subsequent treatment with CO2 also transformed the Cell 2-C treated with 5-10 wt% NaOH. Many of the FTIR bands including 2901, 1431, 1282, 1236, 1202, 1165, 1032, and 897 cm(-1) were shifted to higher wave number (by 2-13 cm(-1)). However, the bands at 3352, 1373, and 983 cm(-1) were shifted to lower wave number (by 3-95 cm(-1)). In contrast to the bands at 1337, 1114, and 1058 cm(-1), the absorbances measured at 1263, 993, 897, and 668 cm(-1) were increased. The FTIR spectra of hydrogen-bonded OH stretching vibrations at around 3352 cm(-1) were resolved into three bands for cellulose I and four bands for cellulose II, assuming that all the vibration modes follow Gaussian distribution. The bands of 1 (3518 cm(-1)), 2 (3349 cm(-1)), and 3 (3195 cm(-1)) were related to the sum of valence vibration of an H-bonded OH group and an intramolecular hydrogen bond of 2-OH ...O-6, intramolecular hydrogen bond of 3-OH...O-5 and the intermolecular hydrogen bond of 6-O...HO-3', respectively. Compared with the bands of cellulose I, a new band of 4 (3115 cm(-1)) related to intermolecular hydrogen bond of 2-OH...O-2' and/or intermolecular hydrogen bond of 6-OH...O-2' in cellulose II appeared. The crystallinity index (CI) was obtained by X-ray diffraction [CI(XD)] and FTIR spectroscopy [CI(IR)]. Including absorbance ratios such as A1431,1419/A897,894 and A1263/A1202,1200, the CI(IR) was evaluated by the absorbance ratios using all the characteristic absorbances of cellulose. The CI(XD) was calculated by the method of Jayme and Knolle. In addition, X-ray diffraction curves, with and without amorphous halo correction, were resolved into portions of cellulose I and cellulose II lattice. From the ratio of the peak area, that is, peak area of cellulose I (or cellulose II)/total peak area, CI(XD) were divided into CI(XD-CI) for cellulose I and CI(XD-CII) for cellulose II. The correlation between CI(XD-CI) (or CI(XD-CII)) and CI(IR) was evaluated, and the bands at 2901 (2802), 1373 (1376), 897 (894), 1263, 668 cm(-1) were good for the internal standard (or denominator) of CI(IR), which increased the correlation coefficient. Both fraction of the absorbances showing peak shift were assigned as the alternate components of CI(IR). The crystallite size was decreased to constant value for Cell 2 treated at >or= 15 wt% NaOH. The crystallite size of Cell 2-C (cellulose II) was smaller than that of Cell 2 (cellulose I) treated at 5-10 wt% NaOH. But the crystallite size of Cell 2-C (cellulose II) was larger than that of Cell 2 (cellulose II) treated at 15-20 wt% NaOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Youn Oh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
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137
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Abstract
The recently developed technique of reductive amination, followed by gold labeling, was applied to visualize the reducing ends of cellulose microcrystals from cellulose I, cellulose II, and cellulose III(I). In these crystals, which were also characterized by electron diffraction, the labeling proved that the chains were organized in a parallel fashion in cellulose I from ramie and Valonia and also in cellulose III(I) from Valonia. In microcrystals of cellulose II from mercerized ramie, the labeling method showed that the chains were packed into an antiparallel mode. These results are discussed in terms of the fine structure of cellulose I where neighboring microfibrils of opposite polarity are visualized. The mercerization process whereby cellulose I is converted into cellulose II is therefore best described in terms of an intermingling of the cellulose chains from neighboring microfibrils of opposite polarity. As opposed to the case of mercerization the conversion of cellulose I into cellulose III(I) does not require the participation of neighboring microfibrils since the crystalline domains are converted individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Hun Kim
- College of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
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138
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Kontturi E, Tammelin T, Osterberg M. Cellulose—model films and the fundamental approach. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 35:1287-304. [PMID: 17225889 DOI: 10.1039/b601872f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This critical review describes the recent arrival of ultrathin films of cellulose. The methodology of preparation as well as the applications of the films for fundamental research is fully covered. The review places cellulose in a wider scientific context where cellulose research is no longer a field of interest for specialised scientists only. Cellulose and cellulosic materials should interest communities such as biochemists, physical chemists, surface chemists, organic chemists, polymer chemists and also physicists working close the disciplines mentioned. (149 references.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kontturi
- Laboratory of Forest Products Chemistry, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 6300, FIN-02015 TKK, Finland.
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139
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140
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Sun J, Xu F, Sun X, Xiao B, Sun R. Physico-chemical and thermal characterization of cellulose from barley straw. Polym Degrad Stab 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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141
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Abstract
We show how two-dimensional chemical shift conditional probability distributions can be extracted from experimental NMR correlation spectra of disordered solids. We show that transverse dephasing times are of central importance in determining the resolution (and sensitivity) of these probability distributions. These conditional probability distributions provide a new source of structural information characteristic of disordered solids, which is much more sensitive to structure than the individual-atom chemical shift distributions. The structural information contained in these distributions is clearly a potentially extremely rich source for understanding disorder. This is illustrated with examples of a phosphorus-containing organic compound and with a sample of disordered cellulose where the different structural allomorphs present are identified from the distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvian Cadars
- Laboratoire de Chimie (UMR-5182 CNRS-ENS), Laboratoire de Recherche Correspondant du CEA (23 V), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France
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142
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143
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Ruan D, Zhang L, Zhou J, Jin H, Chen H. Structure and Properties of Novel Fibers Spun from Cellulose in NaOH/Thiourea Aqueous Solution. Macromol Biosci 2004; 4:1105-12. [PMID: 15586387 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200400120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose was dissolved rapidly in a NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution (9.5:4.5 in wt.-%) to prepare a transparent cellulose solution, which was employed, for the first time, to spin a new class of regenerated cellulose fibers by wet spinning. The structure and mechanical properties of the resulting cellulose fibers were characterized, and compared with those of commercially available viscose rayon, cuprammonium rayon and Lyocell fibers. The results from wide angle X-ray diffraction and CP/MAS 13C NMR indicated that the novel cellulose fibers have a structure typical for a family II cellulose and possessed relatively high degrees of crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy images revealed that the cross-section of the fibers is circular, similar to natural silk. The new fibers have higher molecular weights and better mechanical properties than those of viscose rayon. This low-cost technology is simple, different from the polluting viscose process. The dissolution and regeneration of the cellulose in the NaOH/thiourea aqueous solutions were a physical process and a sol-gel transition rather than a chemical reaction, leading to the smoothness and luster of the fibers. This work provides a potential application in the field of functional fiber manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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144
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Eichhorn SJ, Young RJ, Davies GR. Modeling Crystal and Molecular Deformation in Regenerated Cellulose Fibers. Biomacromolecules 2004; 6:507-13. [PMID: 15638559 DOI: 10.1021/bm049409x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental deformation micromechanics of regenerated cellulose fibers using Raman spectroscopy have been widely reported. Here we report on computer modeling simulations of Raman band shifts in modes close to the experimentally observed 1095 cm(-1) band, which has previously been shown to shift toward a lower wavenumber upon application of external fiber deformation. A molecular mechanics approach is employed using a previously published model structure of cellulose II. Changing the equilibrium c-spacing of this structure and then performing a minimization routine mimics tensile deformation. Normal-mode analysis is then performed on the minimized structure to predict the Raman-intensive vibrations. By using a dot-product analysis on the predicted eigenvectors it is shown that some Raman active modes close to the 1095 cm(-1) band interchange at certain strain levels. Nevertheless, when this is taken into account it is shown that it is possible to find reasonable agreement between theory and experiment. The effect of the experimentally observed broadening of the Raman bands is discussed in terms of crystalline and amorphous regions of cellulose, and this is compared to the lack of X-ray broadening to explain why discrepancies between theory and experiment are present. A hybrid model structure with a series-parallel arrangement of amorphous and misaligned amorphous-crystalline domains is proposed which is shown to agree with what is observed experimentally. Finally, the theoretical crystal modulus for cellulose II is reported as 98 GPa, which is shown to be in agreement with other studies and with an experimental measurement using synchrotron X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Eichhorn
- Manchester Materials Science Centre, UMIST/University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M1 7HS, United Kingdom.
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145
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Wada M, Chanzy H, Nishiyama Y, Langan P. Cellulose IIII Crystal Structure and Hydrogen Bonding by Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Fiber Diffraction. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0485585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Wada
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales−CNRS, affiliated with the Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Henri Chanzy
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales−CNRS, affiliated with the Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Yoshiharu Nishiyama
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales−CNRS, affiliated with the Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Paul Langan
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales−CNRS, affiliated with the Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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146
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Hirai A, Tsujii Y, Tsuji M, Horii F. AFM Observation of Band-Like Cellulose Assemblies Produced by Acetobacter xylinum. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:2079-81. [PMID: 15530019 DOI: 10.1021/bm049747y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We succeeded in estimating the thickness of band-like cellulose assemblies by combined use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy. The thickness of "dense" band-like cellulose assemblies was estimated at 20-30 nm from their AFM height profiles, which was several times greater than that of "coarse" band-like and ribbonlike cellulose assemblies. On the basis of these results, the folded- chain model previously proposed was discussed, and a different organization of TC subunits was suggested for the "dense" band-like cellulose assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Hirai
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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147
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Sletmoen M, Maurstad G, Sikorski P, Paulsen BS, Stokke BT. Characterisation of bacterial polysaccharides: steps towards single-molecular studies. Carbohydr Res 2004; 338:2459-75. [PMID: 14670709 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Techniques used in studies of polysaccharides, including chemical composition, linkage pattern, and higher order structures are in constant development. They provide information necessary for understanding of the polysaccharide properties and functions. Here, recent advancements in studies of the polysaccharides at the single-molecule level are highlighted. Over the last few years, single-molecule techniques such as force spectroscopy have improved in sensitivity and can today be used to detect forces in the pN range. In addition, these techniques can be used to investigate properties of single molecules close to physiological conditions. The challenges in the interpretation of the observations are aided by control experiments using well-characterised polysaccharides and by data provided by complementary methods. This field is expected to have increasing impact on the further advancement of the molecular understanding of the role of polysaccharides in various biological processes such as recognition and cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Sletmoen
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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148
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Wada M, Heux L, Sugiyama J. Polymorphism of Cellulose I Family: Reinvestigation of Cellulose IVI. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:1385-91. [PMID: 15244455 DOI: 10.1021/bm0345357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphs of cellulose I, III(I), and IV(I) have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, and solid-state (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Highly crystalline cellulose III(I) samples were prepared by treating cellulose samples in supercritical ammonia at 140 degrees C for 1 h, and conventional cellulose III(I) samples were prepared by liquid ammonia treatment. The cellulose IV(I) sample of highest crystallinity was that prepared from Cladophora cellulose III(I) in supercritical ammonia, followed by the sample treated in glycerol at 260 degrees C for 0.5 h, whereas the lowest crystallinity was observed in ramie cellulose prepared by conventional liquid ammonia treatment followed by glycerol annealing. In general, the perfection of cellulose IV(I) depends on the crystallinity of the original material: either of the starting cellulose I or of the cellulose III(I) after ammonia treatment. The product thus obtained was analogous to cellulose I(beta), which is what it should be called rather than cellulose IV(I). If the existence of the polymorph cellulose IV(I) is not accepted, the observations on which it has been based may be explained by the fact that the structure termed cellulose IV(I) is cellulose I(beta) which contains lateral disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Wada
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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149
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Kono H, Numata Y, Erata T, Takai M. 13C and 1H Resonance Assignment of Mercerized Cellulose II by Two-Dimensional MAS NMR Spectroscopies. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kono
- Bruker BioSpin Company Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan, and Division of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yukari Numata
- Bruker BioSpin Company Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan, and Division of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tomoki Erata
- Bruker BioSpin Company Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan, and Division of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mituo Takai
- Bruker BioSpin Company Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0051, Japan, and Division of Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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150
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Kono H, Numata Y. Two-dimensional spin-exchange solid-state NMR study of the crystal structure of cellulose II. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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