101
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Ciulu M, Spano N, Pilo MI, Sanna G. Recent Advances in the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Unifloral Honeys. Molecules 2016; 21:451. [PMID: 27070567 PMCID: PMC6273725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is one of the most renowned natural foods. Its composition is extremely variable, depending on its botanical and geographical origins, and the abundant presence of functional compounds has contributed to the increased worldwide interest is this foodstuff. In particular, great attention has been paid by the scientific community towards classes of compounds like phenolic compounds, due to their capability to act as markers of unifloral honey origin. In this contribution the most recent progress in the assessment of new analytical procedures aimed at the definition of the qualitative and quantitative profile of phenolic compounds of honey have been highlighted. A special emphasis has been placed on the innovative aspects concerning the extraction procedures, along with the most recent strategies proposed for the analysis of phenolic compounds. Moreover, the centrality of validation procedures has been claimed and extensively discussed in order to ensure the fitness-for-purpose of the proposed analytical methods. In addition, the exploitation of the phenolic profile as a tool for the classification of the botanical and geographical origin has been described, pointing out the usefulness of chemometrics in the interpretation of data sets originating from the analysis of polyphenols. Finally, recent results in concerning the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of unifloral honeys and the development of new analytical approaches aimed at measuring this parameter have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ciulu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Nadia Spano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria I Pilo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Gavino Sanna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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102
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Wang H, Wang H, Cheng H, Che Z. Ameliorating effect of luteolin on memory impairment in an Alzheimer's disease model. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4215-20. [PMID: 27035793 PMCID: PMC4838167 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, the degeneration of cholinergic neurons and neuronal cell death. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of luteolin, a flavonoid compound, on memory impairment in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Alzheimer's rat model. Morris water maze and probe tests were performed to examine the effect of luteolin treatment on cognition and memory. The effect of luteolin on CA1 pyramidal layer thickness was also examined. The results demonstrated that luteolin significantly ameliorated the spatial learning and memory impairment induced by STZ treatment. STZ significantly reduced the thickness of CA1 pyramidal layer and treatment of luteolin completely abolished the inhibitory effect of STZ. Our results suggest that luteolin has a potentially protective effect on learning defects and hippocampal structures in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinxiang Hospital of Municipal Offices, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Huixin Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyong Che
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
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103
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Harnly J. Importance of Accurate Measurements in Nutrition Research: Dietary Flavonoids as a Case Study. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:375-82. [PMID: 26980821 PMCID: PMC4785473 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate measurements of the secondary metabolites in natural products and plant foods are critical for establishing relations between diet and health. There are as many as 50,000 secondary metabolites that may influence human health. Their structural and chemical diversity presents a challenge to analytical chemistry. With respect to flavonoids, putative identification is accessible, but positive identification and quantification are limited by the lack of standards. Quantification has been tested with use of both nonspecific and specific methods. Nonspecific methods, which include antioxidant capacity methods, fail to provide information on the measured components, suffer from numerous interferences, are not equatable, and are unsuitable for health research. Specific methods, such as LC with diode array and mass spectrometric detection, require the use of internal standards and relative molar response factors. These methods are relatively expensive and require a high level of expertise and experimental verification; however, they represent the only suitable means of relating health outcomes to specific dietary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Harnly
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
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104
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Fujii S, Morinaga O, Uto T, Nomura S, Shoyama Y. Development of Double Eastern Blotting for Major Licorice Components, Glycyrrhizin and Liquiritin for Chemical Quality Control of Licorice Using anti-Glycyrrhizin and anti-Liquiritin Monoclonal Antibodies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1087-1093. [PMID: 26765784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Licorice is utilized in various food industries around the world for seasoning agents, confectioneries, drinks, and functional foods. Glycyrrhizin (GL) and liquiritin (Liq) are major quality control chemical markers of licorice that have multifunctional bioactivities. Chemical quality control of licorice is important because its component profiles change depending environmental factors (climate, soil condition, and water deficit) and differences between species. Double eastern blotting using anti-GL and anti-Liq monoclonal antibodies was developed for more convenient, rapid, and specific quality control analysis of GL and Liq, respectively. Moreover, double eastern blotting was applied to investigate the immunohistochemical distributions of GL and Liq in the root of fresh licorice; the localization of both components was then clarified visually. This double eastern blotting technique for GL and Liq may serve as a powerful approach for visually determining the chemical quality of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Osamu Morinaga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Shuichi Nomura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
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105
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Kranjc E, Albreht A, Vovk I, Makuc D, Plavec J. Non-targeted chromatographic analyses of cuticular wax flavonoids from Physalis alkekengi L. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1437:95-106. [PMID: 26875116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since Chinese lantern (Physalis alkekengi L.) represents a rich source of various bioactive secondary metabolites, there is an urge for its detailed characterization. Non-polar flavonoid aglycones represent one of the few bioactive species found in plant's cuticular waxes. The separation of flavonoids is already extensively covered in the literature, but methods dedicated to separation and identification of methylated flavonoids are rather scarce. In the present study a non-targeted approach for the separation, isolation and identification of methylated flavonoids present in P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii cuticular waxes was established. A rapid and simple separation on HPTLC silica gel was developed for preliminary screening of flavonoids. Fast HPLC-UV-MS(n) and HPLC-UV methods using a C6-Phenyl and a C18 stationary phase were also developed, respectively. In both cases, the right combination of temperature and tetrahydrofuran, as a mobile phase modifier, were shown to be crucial for a baseline separation of all studied compounds. By employing a semi-preparative analog of the C18 column, a simultaneous isolation of pure unknown analytes was achieved. Using these developed methods in combination with NMR, four 3-O-methylated flavonols were detected and identified in P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii cuticular waxes: myricetin 3,7,3'-trimethyl ether, quercetin 3,7-dimethyl ether, myricetin 3,7,3',5'-tetramethyl ether and quercetin 3,7,3'-trimethyl ether. Moreover, the simple and fast isocratic HPLC-UV-MS(n) method (under 8min) should prove useful in quality control of P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii by enabling chromatographic fingerprinting of external methylated flavonols. Finally, a rationale for the mechanism of separation of these metabolites by HPLC is also given, which establishes a foundation for future development of chromatographic methods for methylated flavonols and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kranjc
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alen Albreht
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Vovk
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjan Makuc
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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106
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Cai WL, Liu L, Liao XQ, Tao KL, Feng F, Yang GJ. Determination of Eriodictyol by a Modified Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Glassy Carbon Electrode. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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107
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Sohrabi MR, Darabi G. The application of continuous wavelet transform and least squares support vector machine for the simultaneous quantitative spectrophotometric determination of Myricetin, Kaempferol and Quercetin as flavonoids in pharmaceutical plants. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 152:443-52. [PMID: 26241831 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are γ-benzopyrone derivatives, which are highly regarded in these researchers for their antioxidant property. In this study, two new signals processing methods been coupled with UV spectroscopy for spectral resolution and simultaneous quantitative determination of Myricetin, Kaempferol and Quercetin as flavonoids in Laurel, St. John's Wort and Green Tea without the need for any previous separation procedure. The developed methods are continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) methods integrated with UV spectroscopy individually. Different wavelet families were tested by CWT method and finally the Daubechies wavelet family (Db4) for Myricetin and the Gaussian wavelet families for Kaempferol (Gaus3) and Quercetin (Gaus7) were selected and applied for simultaneous analysis under the optimal conditions. The LS-SVM was applied to build the flavonoids prediction model based on absorption spectra. The root mean square errors for prediction (RMSEP) of Myricetin, Kaempferol and Quercetin were 0.0552, 0.0275 and 0.0374, respectively. The developed methods were validated by the analysis of the various synthetic mixtures associated with a well- known flavonoid contents. Mean recovery values of Myricetin, Kaempferol and Quercetin, in CWT method were 100.123, 100.253, 100.439 and in LS-SVM method were 99.94, 99.81 and 99.682, respectively. The results achieved by analyzing the real samples from the CWT and LS-SVM methods were compared to the HPLC reference method and the results were very close to the reference method. Meanwhile, the obtained results of the one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) test revealed that there was no significant difference between the suggested methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Reza Sohrabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Azad University, North Tehran Branch, P.O. Box 1913674711, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Darabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Azad University, North Tehran Branch, P.O. Box 1913674711, Tehran, Iran.
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108
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Protocols for In Vitro Mass Multiplication and Analysis of Medicinally Important Phenolics of a Salep Orchid, Satyrium nepalense D.Don ("Salam Mishri"). Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1391:1-11. [PMID: 27108306 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3332-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Satyrium nepalense is a rare and threatened medicinal orchid, populations of which in its native habitats are dwindling because of indiscriminate collections and habitat destruction, thus necessitating the development of methods for its in situ and ex situ conservation. Because of non-endospermous nature of the seeds and the immature embryos at seed dispersal stage, orchids cannot be seed-propagated as other plants. Micropropagation, using plant tissue culture techniques, offers an effective method for the multiplication of orchids. In this chapter, a five-step efficient reproducible protocol for large-scale in vitro multiplication of Satyrium nepalense is described. The first step involves asymbiotic germination of seeds isolated from immature green pods and cultured on Mitra's medium (M) gelled with 0.8 % agar and supplemented with 2 % sucrose and 1 % peptone (hereafter referred to as basal medium, BM). On this medium, seeds start germinating after a week of culture. Protocorms developed from the seeds are sub-cultured on BM fortified with 4 μM kinetin (Kn) after 8 weeks, for shoot differentiation and multiplication. The shoots developed on Kn-supplemented medium are transferred to BM alone for their elongation for the same period. The elongated shoots are transferred to the rooting medium, comprising BM supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid, for further 8 weeks. The regenerated plantlets are transferred to a potting mix of sand and vermiculite (1:1) for acclimatization. The tubers and leaves excised from both in vitro-developed plants and those from their native habitats are analyzed and compared for the contents and concentration of medicinally important phenolics using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), details of which are provided in this chapter.
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109
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de Villiers A, Venter P, Pasch H. Recent advances and trends in the liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1430:16-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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110
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Goncalves RM, Mecina GF, Montenoti MC, Moraes VMDO, Silva LP. Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Tridax procumbens L. in Allium cepa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2016.120.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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111
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Simultaneous determination of twenty-five polyphenols in multifloral and cactus honeys using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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112
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Srivastava N, Singh BN, Srivastava A, Khan AR, Srivastava S, Sharma A, Rawat AKS. Evaluation of Phenolic Content Recoveries in Hydrolyzed Extracts of Bergenia ciliata Using RP-HPLC, GC–MS after Silylation, and Validation through Antioxidant Potential. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1091012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - B. N. Singh
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - A. Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - A. R. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - S. Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - A. Sharma
- Central Instrument Facility, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - A. K. S. Rawat
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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113
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del Valle JC, Buide ML, Casimiro-Soriguer I, Whittall JB, Narbona E. On flavonoid accumulation in different plant parts: variation patterns among individuals and populations in the shore campion (Silene littorea). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:939. [PMID: 26579180 PMCID: PMC4625047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The presence of anthocyanins in flowers and fruits is frequently attributed to attracting pollinators and dispersers. In vegetative organs, anthocyanins and other non-pigmented flavonoids such as flavones and flavonols may serve protective functions against UV radiation, cold, heat, drought, salinity, pathogens, and herbivores; thus, these compounds are usually produced as a plastic response to such stressors. Although, the independent accumulation of anthocyanins in reproductive and vegetative tissues is commonly postulated due to differential regulation, the accumulation of flavonoids within and among populations has never been thoroughly compared. Here, we investigated the shore campion (Silene littorea, Caryophyllaceae) which exhibits variation in anthocyanin accumulation in its floral and vegetative tissues. We examined the in-situ accumulation of flavonoids in floral (petals and calyxes) and vegetative organs (leaves) from 18 populations representing the species' geographic distribution. Each organ exhibited considerable variability in the content of anthocyanins and other flavonoids both within and among populations. In all organs, anthocyanin and other flavonoids were correlated. At the plant level, the flavonoid content in petals, calyxes, and leaves was not correlated in most of the populations. However, at the population level, the mean amount of anthocyanins in all organs was positively correlated, which suggests that the variable environmental conditions of populations may play a role in anthocyanin accumulation. These results are unexpected because the anthocyanins are usually constitutive in petals, yet contingent to environmental conditions in calyxes and leaves. Anthocyanin variation in petals may influence pollinator attraction and subsequent plant reproduction, yet the amount of anthocyanins may be a direct response to environmental factors. In populations on the west coast, a general pattern of increasing accumulation of flavonoids toward southern latitudes was observed in calyxes and leaves. This pattern corresponds to a gradual increase of UV-B radiation and temperature, and a decrease of rainfall toward the south. However, populations along the southern coast exposed to similar climatic stressors showed highly variable flavonoid contents, implying that other factors may play a role in flavonoid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C. del Valle
- Área de Botánica, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de OlavideSeville, Spain
| | - Ma L. Buide
- Área de Botánica, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de OlavideSeville, Spain
| | - Inés Casimiro-Soriguer
- Área de Botánica, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de OlavideSeville, Spain
| | - Justen B. Whittall
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Santa Clara UniversitySanta Clara, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Narbona
- Área de Botánica, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de OlavideSeville, Spain
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114
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Nagy Z, Daood H, Ambrózy Z, Helyes L. Determination of Polyphenols, Capsaicinoids, and Vitamin C in New Hybrids of Chili Peppers. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:102125. [PMID: 26495153 PMCID: PMC4606152 DOI: 10.1155/2015/102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Six hybrids were subjected to chromatographic analyses by HPLC for the determination of phytochemicals such as capsaicinoid, polyphenol, and vitamin C. The dynamics of ripening of 4 of the hybrids were also characterised. Seven capsaicinoids could be separated and determined; the major compounds were nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, and dihydrocapsaicin, while homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin derivatives were detected as minor constituents. Capsaicin content ranged between 95.5 ± 4.15 and 1610.2 ± 91.46 μg/g FW, and the highest value was found in Bandai (C. frutescens) at the green ripening stage. The major capsaicinoids had a decreasing tendency in Bandai and Chili 3735 hybrids, while no change was observed in Beibeihong and Lolo during ripening. Nine polyphenol compounds were detected including 8 flavonoids and a nonflavonoid compound in the pods of all hybrids. The major components were naringenin-diglucoside, catechin, and vanillic acid-derivative and luteolin-glucoside. Naringenin-diglucoside ranged from 93.5 ± 4.26 to 368.8 ± 30.77 μg/g FW. Except vanillic acid-derivative, dominant polyphenols increased or remained unchanged during ripening. As for vitamin C, its content tended to increase with the advance in ripening in all hybrids included in this study. The highest value of 3689.4 ± 39.50 μg/g FW was recorded in Fire Flame hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Nagy
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly Street 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Hussein Daood
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Szent István University, Páter Károly Street 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Ambrózy
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly Street 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Lajos Helyes
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly Street 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
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115
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Interaction with Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Determination of Orientin in Lophatherum gracile Brongn by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Amperometric Detection. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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116
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Advances in phenolic compounds analysis of aromatic plants and their potential applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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117
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Zhang M, Sun J, Chen P. FlavonQ: an automated data processing tool for profiling flavone and flavonol glycosides with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-high resolution accurate mass-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9974-81. [PMID: 26359695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Profiling flavonoids in natural products poses a great challenge due to the diversity of flavonoids, the lack of commercially available standards, and the complexity of plant matrixes. The increasingly popular use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-high resolution accurate mass-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRAM-MS) for the analysis of flavonoids has provided more definitive information but also vastly increased amounts of data. Thus, mining of the UHPLC-HRAM-MS data is a very daunting, labor-intensive, and expertise-dependent process. An automated data processing tool, FlavonQ, was developed that can transfer field-acquired expertise into data analysis and facilitate flavonoid research. FlavonQ is an "expert system" designed for automated data analysis of flavone and flavonol glycosides, two important subclasses of flavonoids. FlavonQ is capable of data format conversion, peak detection, flavone and flavonol glycoside peak extraction, flavone and flavonol glycoside identification, and production of quantitative results. An expert system was applied to the determination of flavone and flavonol glycosides in nine different plants with an average execution time of less than 1 min. The results obtained by FlavonQ were in good agreement with those determined conventionally by a flavonoid expert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Zhang
- Food Composition and Methods Development Lab, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Food Composition and Methods Development Lab, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Lab, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, United States
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118
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Nair R, Venkatesh S, Athmaselvi KA, Thakur S. Rapid estimation and quantification of sucrose content in fruit juices using Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR) spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-015-9272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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119
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Franco DM, Silva EM, Saldanha LL, Adachi SA, Schley TR, Rodrigues TM, Dokkedal AL, Nogueira FTS, Rolim de Almeida LF. Flavonoids modify root growth and modulate expression of SHORT-ROOT and HD-ZIP III. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 188:89-95. [PMID: 26473454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of distinct compounds produced by plant secondary metabolism that inhibit or promote plant development and have a relationship with auxin transport. We showed that, in terms of root development, Copaifera langsdorffii leaf extracts has an inhibitory effect on most flavonoid components compared with the application of exogenous flavonoids (glycosides and aglycones). These compounds alter the pattern of expression of the SHORT-ROOT and HD-ZIP III transcription factor gene family and cause morpho-physiological alterations in sorghum roots. In addition, to examine the flavonoid auxin interaction in stress, we correlated the responses with the effects of exogenous application of auxin and an auxin transport inhibitor. The results show that exogenous flavonoids inhibit primary root growth and increase the development of lateral roots. Exogenous flavonoids also change the pattern of expression of specific genes associated with root tissue differentiation. These findings indicate that flavonoid glycosides can influence the polar transport of auxin, leading to stress responses that depend on auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Miralha Franco
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 18618-689 Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eder Marques Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, ESALQ/USP, 13418-260 Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Leonardo Saldanha
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 18618-689 Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biological Science, Science Faculty, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 17033-360 Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Akira Adachi
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 18618-689 Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thayssa Rabelo Schley
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 18618-689 Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Maria Rodrigues
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 18618-689 Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anne Ligia Dokkedal
- Department of Biological Science, Science Faculty, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 17033-360 Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Fernando Rolim de Almeida
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience of Botucatu, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 18618-689 Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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120
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Filippi A, Petrussa E, Peresson C, Bertolini A, Vianello A, Braidot E. In vivo assay to monitor flavonoid uptake across plant cell membranes. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:748-52. [PMID: 26504740 PMCID: PMC4575953 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids represent one of the most important molecules of plant secondary metabolism, playing many different biochemical and physiological roles. Although their essential role in plant life and human health has been elucidated by many studies, their subcellular transport and accumulation in plant tissues remains unclear. This is due to the absence of a convenient and simple method to monitor their transport. In the present work, we suggest an assay able to follow in vivo transport of quercetin, the most abundant flavonoid in plant tissues. This uptake was monitored using 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (DPBA), a fluorescent probe, in non-pigmented Vitis vinifera cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Enrico Braidot
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Plant Biology Unit, via delle Scienze 91, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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121
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Relevance of Natural Phenolics from Grape and Derivative Products in the Formulation of Cosmetics. COSMETICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics2030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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122
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Wabaidur SM, Ahmed YBH, Alothman ZA, Obbed MS, AL-Harbi NM, AL-Turki TM. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of phenolic constituents in honey from various floral sources using multiwalled carbon nanotubes as extraction sorbents. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2597-606. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry; College of Science, King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yacine Badjah Hadj Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry; College of Science, King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid Abdullah Alothman
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry; College of Science, King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Munir Saeed Obbed
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry; College of Science, King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Turki Mohammad AL-Turki
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science, King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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123
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Peterson JJ, Dwyer JT, Jacques PF, McCullough ML. Improving the estimation of flavonoid intake for study of health outcomes. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:553-76. [PMID: 26084477 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprecision in estimating intakes of non-nutrient bioactive compounds such as flavonoids is a challenge in epidemiologic studies of health outcomes. The sources of this imprecision, using flavonoids as an example, include the variability of bioactive compounds in foods due to differences in growing conditions and processing, the challenges in laboratory quantification of flavonoids in foods, the incompleteness of flavonoid food composition tables, and the lack of adequate dietary assessment instruments. Steps to improve databases of bioactive compounds and to increase the accuracy and precision of the estimation of bioactive compound intakes in studies of health benefits and outcomes are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Peterson
- J.J. Peterson, J.T. Dwyer, and P.F. Jacques are with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer and P.F. Jacques are with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. M.L. McCullough is with the Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- J.J. Peterson, J.T. Dwyer, and P.F. Jacques are with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer and P.F. Jacques are with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. M.L. McCullough is with the Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- J.J. Peterson, J.T. Dwyer, and P.F. Jacques are with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer and P.F. Jacques are with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. M.L. McCullough is with the Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marjorie L McCullough
- J.J. Peterson, J.T. Dwyer, and P.F. Jacques are with the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer and P.F. Jacques are with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J.T. Dwyer is with the Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. M.L. McCullough is with the Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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124
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Fu F, Wang HL. Metabolomics reveals consistency of the shoot system inMedicago truncatulaby HPLC-UV-ESI-MS/MS. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyou Fu
- Biology Department; University of Arkansas at Little Rock; 2801 South University Ave. Little Rock AR 72204 USA
| | - Hong Li Wang
- Biology Department; University of Arkansas at Little Rock; 2801 South University Ave. Little Rock AR 72204 USA
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125
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Tomaz I, Maslov L. Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Different Matrices using Phenyl-Hexyl Stationary Phase. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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126
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Mutagenicity and chemopreventive activities of Astronium species assessed by Ames test. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 72:506-13. [PMID: 26002624 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the neotropical savannah, Astronium species are used in popular medicine to treat allergies, inflammation, diarrhea and ulcers. Given that natural products are promising starting points for the discovery of novel potentially therapeutic agents, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of Astronium spp. The mutagenicity was determined by the Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA97a, TA100 and TA102. The antimutagenicity was tested against the direct-acting and indirect-acting mutagens. The results showed that none of the extracts induce any increase in the number of revertants, demonstrating the absence of mutagenic activity. On the other hand, the results on the antimutagenic potential showed a moderate inhibitory effect against NPD and a strong protective effect against B[a]P and AFB1. This study highlights the importance of screening species of Astronium for new medicinal compounds. The promising results obtained open up new avenues for further study and provide a better understanding the mechanisms by which these species act in protecting DNA from damage. However, further pharmacological and toxicological investigations of crude extracts of Astronium spp., as well as of its secondary metabolites, are necessary to determine the mechanism(s) of action to guarantee their safer and more effective application to human health.
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127
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Tallini LR, Pedrazza GP, Bordignon SADL, Costa AC, Steppe M, Fuentefria A, Zuanazzi JA. Analysis of flavonoids in Rubus erythrocladus and Morus nigra leaves extracts by liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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128
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Luber J, Palmieri MJ, Botelho CM, Rinaldo D, Andrade-Vieira LF. Investigation on the effects of guava (Psidium guajava L.) infusions on germination, root tips and meristematic cells of Latuca sativa. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2015; 87:903-13. [PMID: 25993362 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a plant often employed in popular medicine. Recently several studies have alerted about the toxicity of substances present in medicinal plants, which can pose risks to the human health. In this sense, the present work aimed to investigate the phytotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic action of three guava varieties - Paluma, Pedro Sato and Roxa ("purple") - on the plant test system Lactuca sativa L. Thus, macro- and microscopic evaluations were carried out for five infusion concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 g.L(-1)) prepared from each variety. Distilled water was used as negative control. Chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis by HPLC-PAD indicated that the chemical composition of the infusion of Roxa is different than that of the infusions of the varieties Paluma and Pedro Sato. It was observed that seed germination and root growth in L. sativa exposed to infusions decreased with increasing infusion concentration, regardless of the tested cultivar. For the mitotic index, no statistical differences were observed. On the other hand, a significant increase in the frequency of cell cycle alterations was verified, especially for the highest concentrations tested. The cytogenotoxic effect was significant. Therefore, guava should not be used indiscriminately in popular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaquelini Luber
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brasil
| | - Marcel J Palmieri
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - Carolina M Botelho
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brasil
| | - Daniel Rinaldo
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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129
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Ziyatdinova GK, Budnikov HC. Natural phenolic antioxidants in bioanalytical chemistry: state of the art and prospects of development. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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130
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Troć A, Zimnicka M, Danikiewicz W. Separation of catechin epimers by complexation using ion mobility mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:542-548. [PMID: 25800190 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility coupled with mass spectrometry provides a fast and repeatable method to separate catechin epimers by previous complexation with selected chiral modifiers and transition metals. Several combinations with chiral ligands such as D- and L-amino acids and/or additional metal cations, chiral crown ethers, tartaric acid and heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin were screened for their ability to affect the separation efficiency. The clusters having the form of [2M + D-amino acid + Cu(2+) - 3H](-) (M stands for (-)-epicatechin or (+)-catechin) showed improvement in stereodifferentiation between two epimeric catechins in comparison to the analysis of pure epimers, where no separation was observed or the separation was hampered by the formation of mixed dimer complexes. Among various examined D-amino acids only those possessing hydrophobic side chains induced the improvement of separation efficiency. The best peak-to-peak resolution (Rp-p) was determined to be 0.71 for [2M + D-Leucine + Cu(2+) - 3H](-) clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Troć
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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131
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Rapid profiling and identification of anthocyanins in fruits with Hadamard transform ion mobility mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2015; 177:225-32. [PMID: 25660880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of Hadamard transform ion mobility mass spectrometry (HT-IMMS) in the profiling of anthocyanins from different fruits is presented. Samples extracted with acidic methanol and purified with solid phase extraction were analyzed with direct IMMS infusion. The separation of various anthocyanins was achieved within 30s with resolving powers up to 110. The ion mobility drift times correlated with their mass-to-charge ratios with a correlation coefficient of 0.979 to produce a trend line that was characteristic for anthocyanins. Isomers with the same anthocyanidin but different hexoses were differentiated by ion mobility spectrometry. Furthermore, mobility separated ions underwent collision induced dissociation at the IMMS interface to provide MS/MS spectra. These fragmentation spectra aided in the identification of anthocyanidins via the loss of the saccharide groups. IMMS appears to be a rapid and efficient approach for profiling and identifying anthocyanins.
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132
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Wang W, Xu M, Guo Q, Yuan Y, Gu R, Yao J. Rapid separation and on-line detection by coupling high performance liquid chromatography with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05562h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined HPLC-SERS system was developed to a powerful tool for rapid separation and structural recognition of complex samples in food science and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Minmin Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Qinghua Guo
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Yaxian Yuan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Renao Gu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Jianlin Yao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
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133
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Bioassay-guided identification of bioactive molecules from traditional Chinese medicines. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1263:187-96. [PMID: 25618346 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2269-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) serve as a major source of a variety of drug lead compounds. In the process of natural products development, bioassay-guided isolation is a rapid and validated method for isolation of compounds with bioactivities. This chapter describes bioassay-guided separation and purification of compounds from the crude extracts of TCMs. Two approaches including size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are described in detail.
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134
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Ma Y, Kosińska-Cagnazzo A, Kerr WL, Amarowicz R, Swanson RB, Pegg RB. Separation and characterization of soluble esterified and glycoside-bound phenolic compounds in dry-blanched peanut skins by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11488-11504. [PMID: 25354220 DOI: 10.1021/jf503836n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A large variety of soluble phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acids, ethyl protocatechuate, and hydroxycinnamic acids, as well as phenylacetic acid and phenyllactic acid), stilbenes (trans-piceatannol and trans-3,3',5,5'-tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene), flavan-3-ols (e.g., (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epiafzelechin, and their polymers (the proanthocyanidins, PACs)), other flavonoids (e.g., isoflavones, flavanols, and flavones), and biflavonoids, were released from esters and glycosides by base/acid hydrolysis and identified in acetonic extracts of dry-blanched peanut skins (PS). Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) was applied to separate and identify the phenolic constituents. Tentative identification of the separated phenolics was based on molecular ions and MS(n) fragmentation patterns acquired by ESI-MS in the negative-ion mode. Identification of free phenolic acids, stilbenes, and flavonoids was also achieved by commercial standards and by published literature data. Quantification was performed on the basis of peak areas of the UV signals from the HPLC chromatograms and calibration curves of the commercial standards. The flavonoids of PS exist mostly in glycoside-bound forms, but the aglycones can be liberated upon acid hydrolysis. PS contain significantly more PACs compared to free phenolic compounds: PAC monomers to tetramers constituted 92.0% of esterified phenolic compounds. The PAC monomer ((+)-catechin) and dimers are the main phenolics released from glycosides and account for 31.7 and 59.1%, respectively, of the total glycoside-bound phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia , 100 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602-2610, United States
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Radha Krishnan K, Azhagu Saravana Babu P, Babuskin S, Sivarajan M, Sukumar M. Modeling the Kinetics of Antioxidant Extraction fromOriganum vulgareandBrassica nigra. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2014.957757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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136
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Babbar N, Oberoi HS, Sandhu SK. Therapeutic and Nutraceutical Potential of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Fruit Residues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:319-37. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.653734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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137
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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of flavonoid aglycone compounds in honey using liquid chromatography with diode array detection and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 131:185-91. [PMID: 25281091 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid approach for the determination of eight flavonoid aglycone compounds, baicalein, hesperitin, fisetin, naringenin, chrysin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol, in honey samples and related products has been optimized and validated. The enriched extracts obtained by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) were analyzed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-ToFMS). For DLLME, using acetonitrile and chloroform as disperser and extractant solvents, respectively, a Taguchi experimental method was applied to find the optimal combination of following six factors: disperser and extractant solvent volumes, sodium chloride concentration, pH of the aqueous phase, honey mass and centrifugation time. The sedimented organic phase obtained after centrifugation was evaporated, reconstituted in acetonitrile and submitted to LC. The matrix effect was evaluated, and it was concluded that sample quantification can be carried out against aqueous external standards when using DAD and by matrix-matched calibration in the case of ToFMS. Detection limits in the ranges of 0.4-4 and 0.01-0.5 ng g(-1) were obtained for DAD and ToFMS, respectively. Satisfactory recovery values between 80 and 111% were obtained for three spiked samples. Honeys and related products were analyzed and flavonoids were found within a wide range.
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138
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de Oliveira DR, Zamberlam CR, Gaiardo RB, Rêgo GM, Cerutti JM, Cavalheiro AJ, Cerutti SM. Flavones from Erythrina falcata are modulators of fear memory. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:288. [PMID: 25096710 PMCID: PMC4141959 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Flavonoids, which have been identified in a variety of plants, have been demonstrated to elicit beneficial effects on memory. Some studies have reported that flavonoids derived from Erythrina plants can provide such beneficial effects on memory. The aim of this study was to identify the flavonoids present in the stem bark crude extract of Erythrina falcata (CE) and to perform a bioactivity-guided study on conditioned fear memory. Methods The secondary metabolites of CE were identified by high performance liquid chromatography combined with a diode array detector, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The buthanolic fraction (BuF) was obtained by partitioning. Subfractions from BuF (BuF1 – BuF6) and fraction flavonoidic (FfA and FfB) were obtained by flash chromatography. The BuF3 and BuF4 fractions were used for the isolation of flavonoids, which was performed using HPLC-PAD. The isolated substances were quantified by HPLC-DAD and their structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The activities of CE and the subfractions were monitored using a one-trial, step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA) task to identify the effects of these substances on the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Results Six subclasses of flavonoids were identified for the first time in CE. According to our behavioral data, CE, BuF, BuF3 and BuF4, the flavonoidic fractions, vitexin, isovitexin and 6-C-glycoside-diosmetin improved the acquisition of fear memory. Rats treated with BuF, BuF3 and BuF4 were particularly resistant to extinction. Nevertheless, rats treated with FfA and FfB, vitexin, isovitexin and 6-C-glycoside-diosmetin exhibited gradual reduction in conditioned fear response during the extinction retest session, which was measured at 48 to 480 h after conditioning. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that vitexin, isovitexin and diosmetin-6-C-glucoside and flavonoidic fractions resulted in a significant retention of fear memory but did not prevent the extinction of fear memory. These results further substantiate that the treatment with pure flavonoids or flavanoid-rich fractions might represent potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurocognitive disorders, improvement of memory acquisition and spontaneous recovery of fear.
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139
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Baum M, Schantz M, Leick S, Berg S, Betz M, Frank K, Rehage H, Schwarz K, Kulozik U, Schuchmann H, Richling E. Is the antioxidative effectiveness of a bilberry extract influenced by encapsulation? JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2301-2307. [PMID: 24395460 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) have been suggested to have preventive properties against diseases associated with oxidative stress such as colon cancer or inflammatory bowel diseases. Therefore the gastrointestinal tract is regarded as a potential target for prevention. In this study the antioxidative properties of a commercially available anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract (BE) were investigated in comparison with four different BE-loaded microcapsule systems. As markers to describe the antioxidant status in this cellular system, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, oxidative DNA damage and total glutathione (tGSH) levels were monitored. RESULTS Incubations with the BE-loaded capsule systems showed an increase in cellular glutathione levels and reduction of ROS levels at high BE concentrations (100-500 µg mL(-1) ) and a positive effect on the formation of DNA strand breaks (5-10 µg mL(-1) BE). The biological properties of BE-loaded pectin amide core-shell capsules, whey protein matrix capsules and coated apple pectin matrix capsules were comparable to those of the non-encapsulated BE. CONCLUSION Overall, the BE and the encapsulated BE types tested have antioxidative activity under the studied assay conditions in terms of the prevention of oxidative DNA damage, the reduction of intracellular ROS and the enhancement of cellular tGSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Baum
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Molecular Nutrition, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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140
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Ma Y, Kosińska-Cagnazzo A, Kerr WL, Amarowicz R, Swanson RB, Pegg RB. Separation and characterization of phenolic compounds from dry-blanched peanut skins by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1356:64-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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141
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Fridén ME, Sjöberg PJR. Strategies for differentiation of isobaric flavonoids using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:646-63. [PMID: 25044850 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of secondary plant metabolites existing in great variety in nature. Due to this variety, identification can be difficult, especially as overlapping compounds in both chromatographic separations and mass spectrometric detection are common. Methods for distinguishing isobaric flavonoids using MS(2) and MS(3) have been developed. Chromatographic separation of various plant extracts was done with RP-HPLC and detected with positive ESI-MS operated in information-dependent acquisition (IDA) mode. Two methods for the determination of flavonoid identity and substitution pattern, both featuring IDA criteria, were used together with the HPLC equipment. A third method where the collision energy was ramped utilized direct infusion. With the developed strategies, it is possible to differentiate between many isobaric flavonoids. Various classes of flavonoids were found in all of the plant extracts, in the red onion extract 45 components were detected and for 29 of them the aglycone was characterized, while the substituents were tentatively identified for 31 of them. For the strawberry extract, those numbers were 66, 30 and 60, and for the cherry extract 99, 56 and 71. The great variety of flavonoids, several of them isobaric, found in each of the extracts highlights the need for reliable methods for flavonoid characterization. Methods capable of differentiating between most of the isobars analyzed have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael E Fridén
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
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142
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Wang CW, Chen WT, Chang HT. Quantification of saccharides in honey samples through surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using HgTe nanostructures. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1247-1252. [PMID: 24744213 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of monosaccharides and disaccharides in five honey samples through surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) using HgTe nanostructures as the matrix and sucralose as an internal standard has been demonstrated. Under optimal conditions (1× HgTe nanostructure, 0.2 mM ammonium citrate at pH 9.0), the SALDI-MS approach allows detection of fructose and maltose at the concentrations down to 15 and 10 μM, respectively. Without conducting tedious sample pretreatment and separation, the SALDI-MS approach allows determination of the contents of monosaccharides and disaccharides in honey samples within 30 min, with reproducibility (relative standard deviation <15%). Unlike only sodium adducts of standard saccharides detected, sodium adducts and potassium adducts with differential amounts have been found among various samples, showing different amounts of sodium and potassium ions in the honey samples. The SALDI-MS data reveal that the contents of monosaccharides and disaccharides in various honey samples are dependent on their nectar sources. In addition to the abundant amounts of monosaccharides and disaccharides, oligosaccharides in m/z range of 650 - 2700 are only detected in pomelo honey. Having advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and reproducibility, this SALDI-MS holds great potential for the analysis of honey samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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143
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Barnes JS, Schug KA. Oxidative degradation of quercetin with hydrogen peroxide using continuous-flow kinetic electrospray-ion trap-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4322-4331. [PMID: 24758471 DOI: 10.1021/jf500619x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The time-dependent hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative degradation of aqueous quercetin at pH 7.4 was measured using an in-house-built online continuous-flow device made of concentric capillary tubes, modified to fit a photodiode array (PDA) detector and the inlet of an electrospray ionization-ion trap-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ESI-IT-TOF-MS). As the reaction time was increased, the deprotonated quercetin ion signal, [Q - H](-), decreased, and the formation of degradation product ions was observed. Structures for degradation product ions were proposed using higher order tandem mass spectrometry (up to MS(3)) and high mass accuracy. The determined degradation pathways included oxidation, hydroxylation, cyclic peroxylation, ring cleavage, and small molecule loss. The most intense degradation product observed was 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoate, which was proposed to be the end point of the peroxylation pathway and the favored degradation pathway under these conditions. This pathway is believed to be the result of nucleophilic attack by hydrogen peroxide at the C2 position of quercetin. This was followed by a cross ring cyclic peroxylation event at C2-C4, which resulted in an intermediate depside that was defined by C-ring-opening due to loss of C3-OH and cleavage of the peroxy bond. Further cleavage of the depside resulted in the 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoate. A sodiated pseudo adduct of the dimerized trihydroxybenzoate was believed to be induced under electrospray conditions. A computational study was performed to justify the position within the C-ring for both the attack by nucleophilic oxidants and the cyclic peroxylated intermediate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
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144
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Ma W, Han D, Zhou M, Sun H, Wang L, Dong X, Niu L. Ultrathin g-C3N4/TiO2composites as photoelectrochemical elements for the real-time evaluation of global antioxidant capacity. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00826j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using utg-C3N4/TiO2, a photoelectrochemical platform was designed for the sensing of global antioxidant capacity, which presented a rapid response, and anti-fouling and colour-interference-proof properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- c/o Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- c/o Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- c/o Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- c/o Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiandui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- c/o Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- c/o Engineering Laboratory for Modern Analytical Techniques
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun, P. R. China
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145
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Bhattacharyya S, Hatua K. Computational insight of the mechanism of Algar–Flynn–Oyamada (AFO) reaction. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46623j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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146
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Suitability of antioxidant capacity, flavonoids and phenolic acids for floral authentication of honey. Impact of industrial thermal treatment. Food Chem 2014; 142:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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147
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Gunning TK, Conlan XA, Parker RM, Dyson GA, Adams MJ, Barnett NW, Cahill DM. Profiling of secondary metabolites in blue lupin inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi following phosphite treatment. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2013; 40:1089-1097. [PMID: 32481177 DOI: 10.1071/fp13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to discover phytochemicals that are potentially bioactive against Phytophthora cinnamomi, (a soil-borne plant pathogen) a metabolite profiling protocol for investigation of metabolic changes in Lupinus angustifolius L. plant roots in response to pathogen challenge has been established. Analysis of the metabolic profiles from healthy and P. cinnamomi-inoculated root tissue with high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that although susceptible, L. angustifolius upregulated a defence associated genistein and 2'-hydroxygenistein-based isoflavonoid and a soyasapogenol saponin at 12h post inoculation which increased in concentration at 72h post inoculation. In contrast to the typical susceptible interaction, the application of a phosphorous-based treatment to L. angustifolius foliage 48h before P. cinnamomi challenge negated the ability of the pathogen to colonise the root tissue and cause disease. Importantly, although the root profiles of water-treated and phosphite-treated plants post pathogen inoculation contained the same secondary metabolites, concentration variations were observed. Accumulation of secondary metabolites within the P. cinnamomi-inoculated plants confirms that pathogen ingress of the root interstitially occurs in phosphite-treated plants, confirming a direct mode of action against the pathogen upon breaching the root cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany K Gunning
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic. 3217, Australia
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic. 3217, Australia
| | - Rhiannon M Parker
- Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia
| | - Gail A Dyson
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic. 3217, Australia
| | - Mike J Adams
- Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia
| | - Neil W Barnett
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic. 3217, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic. 3217, Australia
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148
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Fan S, Lu G, Yang Y, Xiao W, Wang Z, Ding G, Zhu H, Yuan S. Optimized Extraction and High Selective Purification of Flavonoids and Intermediate Polar Nitrogen-Containing Constituents from Brassica campestrisL. Pollen. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.804089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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149
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Hadjmohammadi MR, Nazari SSSJ. Simultaneous isocratic separation of phenolic acids and flavonoids using micellar liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3667-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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150
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Brunetti C, George RM, Tattini M, Field K, Davey MP. Metabolomics in plant environmental physiology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:4011-20. [PMID: 23922358 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Changes in plant metabolism are at the heart of plant developmental processes, underpinning many of the ways in which plants respond to the environment. As such, the comprehensive study of plant metabolism, or metabolomics, is highly valuable in identifying phenotypic effects of abiotic and biotic stresses on plants. When study is in reference to analysing samples that are relevant to environmental or ecologically based hypotheses, it is termed 'environmental metabolomics'. The emergence of environmental metabolomics as one of the latest of the omics technologies has been one of the most critically important recent developments in plant physiology. Its applications broach the entire landscape of plant ecology, from the understanding of plant plasticity and adaptation through to community composition and even genetic modification in crops. The multitude of novel studies published utilizing metabolomics methods employ a variety of techniques, from the initial stages of tissue sampling, through to sample preservation, transportation, and analysis. This review introduces the concept and applications of plant environmental metabolomics as an ecologically important investigative tool. It examines the main techniques used in situ within field sites, with particular reference to sampling and processing, and those more appropriate for use in laboratory-based settings with emphasis on secondary metabolite analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell' Ambiente (DISPAA), Sez. Coltivazioni Arboree, Università di Firenze, Viale delle Idee 30, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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