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Kumar S, O'Malley J, Chaudhary AK, Inigo JR, Yadav N, Kumar R, Chandra D. Hsp60 and IL-8 axis promotes apoptosis resistance in cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:934-943. [PMID: 31673102 PMCID: PMC6889399 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) play crucial roles in cell survival and maintenance of cellular homoeostasis. However, cross talks between these two proteins are not defined. Methods IL-8 expression in tumour tissue sections was analysed by immunohistochemistry. IL-8 expression and release in cancer cells was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Apoptosis was quantified using caspase activity and Annexin-V/PI staining. Results We observed IL-8 release from cancer cells in response to histone deacetylase inhibitor, apicidin (Api), and non-competitive inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, thapsigargin (TG). IL-8 release was increased upon TG-treatment. TG-induced IL-8 expression was reduced in the presence of Api in Bax-dependent manner. Increased apoptosis was associated with decreased IL-8 expression in response to combined treatment of TG and Api. TG and Api combination induced caspase-8 and caspase-9 dependent apoptosis. Hsp60 knockdown abrogated IL-8 expression induced by Api, TG, and their combination. The level of TGF-β, an upstream regulator of IL-8, was decreased upon Hsp60-silencing. Knocking down Hsp60 decreased IL-8 expression and its release in prostate cancer cell xenograft tumours in SCID mice. Conclusion This study describes the underlying mechanism associated with apoptosis resistance mediated via Hsp60-IL-8 axis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jordan O'Malley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Soltani G, Poursheikhani A, Yassi M, Hayatbakhsh A, Kerachian M, Kerachian MA. Obesity, diabetes and the risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:113. [PMID: 31664994 PMCID: PMC6819551 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the current case-control study, an association between diagnosis of CRC, obesity and diabetes was investigated. METHODS Demographic characteristics, colonoscopy reports, history of drug, smoking, and medical history were collected from patients referred to a colonoscopy unit. The location, size and number of the polyps were recorded during the colonoscopy. Statistically, t-test was conducted for mean comparison for the groups. Pearson's chi-squared test (χ2) was applied to categorize variables. Five classification methods based on the important clinicopathological characteristics such as age, BMI, diabetes, family history of colon cancer was performed to predict the results of colonoscopy. RESULTS Overall, 693 patients participated in this study. In the present study, 115 and 515 patients were evaluated for adenoma/adenocarcinoma and normal colonoscopy, respectively. The mean age of patients positive for adenoma or adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than the negative groups (p value < 0.001). Incidence of overweight and/or obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2) were significantly higher in adenoma positive patients as compared to controls (49.9 and 0.9% respectively, p value = 0.04). The results also demonstrated a significant association between suffering from diabetes and having colon adenoma (OR = 1.831, 95%CI = 1.058-3.169, p value = 0.023). The experimental results of 5 classification methods on higher risk factors between colon adenoma and normal colonoscopy data were more than 82% and less than 0.42 for the percentage of classification accuracy and root mean squared error, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, the occurrence of obesity measured based on BMI and diabetes in the adenoma positive patient group was significantly higher than the control group although there was no notable association between obesity, diabetes and adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghodratollah Soltani
- Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Poursheikhani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Yassi
- Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Matin Kerachian
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Research Institute at McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran.
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Preoperative Serum IL6, IL8, and TNF- α May Predict the Recurrence of Hepatocellular Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:6160783. [PMID: 31781194 PMCID: PMC6855033 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6160783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose As we all know, curative resection remains the only effective treatment for hepatocellular cancer (HCC). However, systemic inflammatory response syndrome always correlates with surgery, which may impose an impact on the clinical outcome of HCC patients who had undergone curative treatment. The present study is aimed at exploring the correlation between perioperative inflammatory mediators and recurrence risk of HCC. Methods This study retrospectively included 157 histologically confirmed single HCC patients (88 patients developed HCC again) who had received radical hepatectomy between January 2016 and May 2018 at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the People's Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH), China. The cut-off values for predicting recurrence were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with estimation of the Youden index. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the difference was compared between groups by the log-rank test. Univariate/multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors of postoperative tumor recurrence. Results The perioperative serum IL1, IL2, and IL10 levels showed no difference between groups, whereas the serum IL6, IL8, and TNF-α levels showed significant differences between groups. High preoperative serum IL6, IL8, and TNF-α levels were significantly associated with shorter RFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative serum IL6 > 8.45 pg/ml, preoperative serum IL8 > 68 pg/ml, preoperative serum TNF − α > 14.9 pg/ml, microvascular invasion (MVI), and maximum tumor size > 6 cm were independent predictors of RFS. Conclusions The present study confirmed that high preoperative serum IL6, IL8, and TNF-α levels were distinctly correlated with the postoperative tumor recurrence risk of HCC patients.
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Guo F, Long L, Wang J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Luo F. Insights on CXC chemokine receptor 2 in breast cancer: An emerging target for oncotherapy. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5699-5708. [PMID: 31788042 PMCID: PMC6865047 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women worldwide, and the treatment regimens currently available are far from optimal. Targeted therapy, based on molecular typing of breast cancer, is the most precise form of treatment, and CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is one of the molecular markers used in targeted therapies. As a member of the seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor family, CXCR2 and its associated ligands have been increasingly implicated in tumor-associated processes. These processes include proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, chemoresistance, and stemness and phenotypic maintenance of cancer stem cells. Thus, the inhibition of CXCR2 or its downstream signaling pathways could significantly attenuate tumor progression. Therefore, studies on the biological functions of CXCR2 and its association with neoplasia may help improve the prognosis of breast cancer. Furthermore, the targeting of CXCR2 could supplement the present clinical approaches of breast cancer treatment strategies. The present review discusses the structures and mechanisms of CXCR2 and its ligands. Additionally, the contribution of CXCR2 to the development of breast cancer and its potential therapeutic benefits are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhu Guo
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lang Long
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiantao Wang
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuyi Wang
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanyang Liu
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Feng Luo
- Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Merle M, Fischbacher D, Liepert A, Grabrucker C, Kroell T, Kremser A, Dreyssig J, Freudenreich M, Schuster F, Borkhardt A, Kraemer D, Koehne CH, Kolb HJ, Schmid C, Schmetzer HM. Serum Chemokine-release Profiles in AML-patients Might Contribute to Predict the Clinical Course of the Disease. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:365-385. [PMID: 31535582 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1661429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In cancer or hematologic disorders, chemokines act as growth- or survival factors, regulating hematopoiesis and angiogenesis, determining metastatic spread and controlling leukocyte infiltration into tumors to inhibit antitumor immune responses. The aim was to quantify the release of CXCL8, -9, -10, CCL2, -5, and IL-12 in AML/MDS-pts' serum by cytometric bead array and to correlate data with clinical subtypes and courses. Minimal differences in serum-levels subdivided into various groups (e.g. age groups, FAB-types, blast-proportions, cytogenetic-risk-groups) were seen, but higher release of CXCL8, -9, -10 and lower release of CCL2 and -5 tendentially correlated with more favorable subtypes (<50 years of age, <80% blasts in PB). Comparing different stages of the disease higher CCL5-release in persisting disease and a significantly higher CCL2-release at relapse were found compared to first diagnosis - pointing to a change of 'disease activity' on a chemokine level. Correlations with later on achieved response to immunotherapy and occurrence of GVHD were seen: Higher values of CXCL8, -9, -10 and CCL2 and lower CCL5-values correlated with achieved response to immunotherapy. Predictive cut-off-values were evaluated separating the groups in 'responders' and 'non-responders'. Higher levels of CCL2 and -5 but lower levels of CXCL8, -9, -10 correlated with occurrence of GVHD. We conclude, that in AML-pts' serum higher values of CXCL8, -9, -10 and lower values of CCL5 and in part of CCL2 correlate with more favorable subtypes and improved antitumor'-reactive function. This knowledge can contribute to develop immune-modifying strategies that promote antileukemic adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Merle
- Department for Hematopoietic Transplantations, Med III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Fischbacher
- Department for Hematopoietic Transplantations, Med III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Liepert
- Department for Hematopoietic Transplantations, Med III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Grabrucker
- Department for Hematopoietic Transplantations, Med III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Kroell
- Department for Hematopoietic Transplantations, Med III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Kremser
- Department for Hematopoietic Transplantations, Med III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Dreyssig
- Department for Hematopoietic Transplantations, Med III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Freudenreich
- Department for Hematopoietic Transplantations, Med III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F Schuster
- Department for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Borkhardt
- Department for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D Kraemer
- Department for Hematology, Municipal Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - C-H Koehne
- Department for Hematology, Municipal Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - H J Kolb
- Department for Hematopoietic Transplantations, Med III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Center, Clinical Cooperative Group Human Cell Transplantation (CCG-HCT), Munich, Germany
| | - C Schmid
- Department for Hematology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - H M Schmetzer
- Department for Hematopoietic Transplantations, Med III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Center, Clinical Cooperative Group Human Cell Transplantation (CCG-HCT), Munich, Germany
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Sharifi L, Nowroozi MR, Amini E, Arami MK, Ayati M, Mohsenzadegan M. A review on the role of M2 macrophages in bladder cancer; pathophysiology and targeting. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105880. [PMID: 31522016 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which are often referred to as immunosuppressive cells (M2 macrophage), constitute a subset of tumor microenvironment cells and affect tumor progression in solid tumors. Recently, these cells have gained remarkable importance as therapeutic candidates for solid tumors. In bladder cancer, major studies have focused on evaluating TAMs in response to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy. M2 macrophages may directly impact the BCG-induced immune responses against tumor in bladder cancer. They are the main inhibitors of the tumor microenvironment that promotes growth and metastasis of the tumor. However, the clinical significance of M2 macrophages in bladder cancer is controversial. In this review, we will discuss the clinical significance of M2 macrophages in prognosis of bladder cancer as well as worth of their potential targeting in bladder cancer treatment. In the following, we will introduce important factors resulting in M2 macrophage promotion and also experimental therapeutic agents that may cause the inhibition of bladder cancer tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Erfan Amini
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh Arami
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ayati
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are hallmarks of cancer. Incorrect repair of DNA lesions often leads to genomic instability. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a core component of the DNA repair system, is activated to enhance the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway upon DNA double-strand breaks. Although ATM signaling has been widely studied in different types of cancer, its research is still lacking compared with other DDR-involved molecules such as PARP and ATR. There is still a vast research opportunity for the development of ATM inhibitors as anticancer agents. Here, we focus on the recent findings of ATM signaling in DNA repair of cancer. Previous studies have identified several partners of ATM, some of which promote ATM signaling, while others have the opposite effect. ATM inhibitors, including KU-55933, KU-60019, KU-59403, CP-466722, AZ31, AZ32, AZD0156, and AZD1390, have been evaluated for their antitumor effects. It has been revealed that ATM inhibition increases a cancer cell's sensitivity to radiotherapy. Moreover, the combination with PARP or ATR inhibitors has synergistic lethality in some cancers. Of note, among these ATM inhibitors, AZD0156 and AZD1390 achieve potent and highly selective ATM kinase inhibition and have an excellent ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Currently, AZD0156 and AZD1390 are under investigation in phase I clinical trials. Taken together, targeting ATM may be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Hence, further development of ATM inhibitors is urgently needed in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Jin
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Corrò C, Healy ME, Engler S, Bodenmiller B, Li Z, Schraml P, Weber A, Frew IJ, Rechsteiner M, Moch H. IL-8 and CXCR1 expression is associated with cancer stem cell-like properties of clear cell renal cancer. J Pathol 2019; 248:377-389. [PMID: 30883740 PMCID: PMC6618115 DOI: 10.1002/path.5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) possesses a rare population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that might contribute to tumor heterogeneity, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Nevertheless, their relevance for renal cancer is still unclear. In this study, we successfully isolated CSCs from established human ccRCC cell lines. CSCs displayed high expression of the chemokine IL‐8 and its receptor CXCR1. While recombinant IL‐8 significantly increased CSC number and properties in vitro, CXCR1 inhibition using an anti‐CXCR1 antibody or repertaxin significantly reduced these features. After injection into immune‐deficient mice, CSCs formed primary tumors that metastasized to the lung and liver. All xenografted tumors in mice expressed high levels of IL‐8 and CXCR1. Furthermore, IL‐8/CXCR1 expression significantly correlated with decreased overall survival in ccRCC patients. These results suggest that the IL‐8/CXCR1 phenotype is associated with CSC‐like properties in renal cancer. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Corrò
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc E Healy
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Engler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Schraml
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian J Frew
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Markus Rechsteiner
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mizuno R, Kawada K, Itatani Y, Ogawa R, Kiyasu Y, Sakai Y. The Role of Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030529. [PMID: 30691207 PMCID: PMC6386937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths worldwide and the number of CRC patients is increasing progressively. Despite the improvement of the surgical techniques and chemotherapy, we have not completely overcome this disease yet due to the metastases. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms through which metastasis occurs is important for overcoming CRC. Normal host cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as macrophages and fibroblasts, have been reported to promote the growth of CRCs. Although neutrophils were originally considered to have defensive functions against tumor cells, it has been revealed that some populations of neutrophils, called as tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), have tumor-supportive functions. The plasticity between tumor-suppressive and -supportive neutrophils are regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and Interferon-β signaling. Some studies have demonstrated that TANs promote the spread of cancer cells to distant organs. TANs contribute to the tumor invasion and angiogenesis through the production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the primary and metastatic sites. Neutrophils also promotes tumor cell dissemination by capturing circulating tumor cells using neutrophil extracellular traps and promote their migration to distant sites. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a well-defined predictive marker for CRC patients. In this review, we highlight the molecular signaling between TANs and CRC cells and the possibility of TANs as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Mizuno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Ryotaro Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Kiyasu
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Suenaga M, Stintzing S, Cao S, Zhang W, Yang D, Ning Y, Okazaki S, Berger MD, Miyamoto Y, Schirripa M, Soni S, Barzi A, Heinemann V, Lenz HJ. Role of CCL5 and CCR5 gene polymorphisms in epidermal growth factor receptor signalling blockade in metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of the FIRE-3 trial. Eur J Cancer 2019; 107:100-114. [PMID: 30554073 PMCID: PMC6367121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor signalling blockade increases CCL5 expression that regulates either the anti-tumour immune response or tumour progression. We investigated the potential role of CCL5/CCR5 axis in cetuximab-based treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from 491 samples of two different cohorts with KRAS wild-type mCRC from the FIRE-3 trial: an evaluation cohort of 244 patients receiving cetuximab plus FOLFIRI and a control cohort of 247 patients receiving bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CCL5 and CCR5 genes were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-based direct sequencing. RESULTS Patients in the evaluation cohort with any CCL5 rs2280789G allele had shorter overall survival (OS) compared with those with the A/A variant (hazard ratio 1.56, P = 0.024). Patients carrying any CCR5 rs1799988T allele had a trend toward lower response rate than those with the C/C variant (68 vs. 81%, P = 0.078). In the analysis based on primary tumour location (left-sided [L]: right-sided [R]), remarkable differences in outcomes were observed between patients with L-CCR5 SNPs C/C variant (L-C/C), L-any T, R-T/T and R-any C as follows: median OS, 38.5, 30.6, 27.1 and 15.8 months, P < 0.001; response rate, 91, 66, 92 and 48%, P < 0.001. Median OS for CCL5 SNPs including L-A/A, L-any G, R-A/A and R-any G groups were 38.3, 21.7, 21.9 and 18.3 months, P < 0.001. The findings were not significant in the control cohort. CONCLUSION Genetic variants of CCL5 and CCR5 SNPs may predict outcomes in mCRC patients receiving cetuximab-based treatment depending on tumour location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsukuni Suenaga
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Shu Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Dongyun Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yan Ning
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Martin D Berger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shivani Soni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Afsaneh Barzi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Zhang D, Qiu X, Li J, Zheng S, Li L, Zhao H. TGF-β secreted by tumor-associated macrophages promotes proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer via miR-34a-VEGF axis. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2766-2778. [PMID: 30523755 PMCID: PMC6343734 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1556064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were reported to be involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, its biological role and underlying mechanism in CRC remained to be elucidated. In this study, the expressions of the macrophage marker CD68 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in CRC tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of miR-34a, TGF-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in CRC tumor tissues and peripheral blood macrophages were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. TGF-β1 levels in culture supernatant were detected by ELISA. The cell proliferation and invasion of human CRC cell lines CL187 and HCT116 were determined by MTT assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The results showed that the expression of miR-34a was downregulated whereas TGF-β1 and VEGF were upregulated in CRC tumor tissues and peripheral blood macrophages. TGF-β1 secreted by TAMs promoted the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells. TGF-β1-mediated miR-34a downregulation contributed to the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells via upregulating VEGF. MiR-34a in vivo exerted anti-tumor effect in CRC via inhibiting VEGF expression. In conclusion, TGF-β1 secreted by TAMs promoted CRC proliferation and invasion through regulating miR-34a/VEGF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Zhang
- Department of General surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xinguang Qiu
- Department of General surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of General surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shouhua Zheng
- Department of General surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Liwen Li
- Department of General surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongchao Zhao
- Department of General surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China,CONTACT Hongchao Zhao
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112
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Wang Y, Wu M, Lei Z, Huang M, Li Z, Wang L, Cao Q, Han D, Chang Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Xue L, Mao X, Geng J, Chen Y, Dai T, Ren L, Wang Q, Yu H, Chen C, Chu X. Dysregulation of miR-6868-5p/FOXM1 circuit contributes to colorectal cancer angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:292. [PMID: 30486864 PMCID: PMC6264626 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a crucial regulator in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, the regulatory mechanisms causing dysregulation of FOXM1 in CRC remain unclear. Methods Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to determine FOXM1 as miR-6868-5p target. The function of miR-6868-5p and FOXM1 in CRC angiogenesis was verified in vitro. Intratumoral injection model was constructed to explore the effect of miR-6868-5p on angiogenesis in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to assess direct binding of H3K27me3 to the miR-6868 promoter. Results Through integrated analysis, we identified miR-6868-5p as the potent regulator of FOXM1. Overexpression of miR-6868-5p in CRC cells inhibited the angiogenic properties of co-cultured endothelial cells, whereas silencing of miR-6868-5p had opposite effects. In vivo delivery of miR-6868-5p blocked tumor angiogenesis in nude mice, resulting in tumor growth inhibition. Rescue of FOXM1 reversed the effect of miR-6868-5p on tumor angiogenesis. Further mechanistic study revealed that FOXM1 promoted the production of IL-8, which was responsible for the miR-6868-5p/FOXM1 axis-regulated angiogenesis. Reciprocally, FOXM1 inhibited miR-6868-5p expression through EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 on miR-6868-5p promoter, thus forming a feedback circuit. Clinically, the level of miR-6868-5p was downregulated in CRC tissues and inversely correlated with microvessel density as well as levels of FOXM1 and IL-8 in tumor specimens. Conclusions Together, these data identify miR-6868-5p as a novel determinant of FOXM1 expression and establish a miR-6868-5p/FOXM1 regulatory circuit for CRC angiogenesis, providing potential target for CRC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0970-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meijuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zengjie Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengxi Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qijun Cao
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Han
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaobei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lijun Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaobei Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongju Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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113
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Involvement of ERK1/2 activation in the gene expression of senescence-associated secretory factors in human hepatic stellate cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 455:7-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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114
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Fei M, Guan J, Xue T, Qin L, Tang C, Cui G, Wang Y, Gong H, Feng W. Hypoxia promotes the migration and invasion of human hepatocarcinoma cells through the HIF-1α-IL-8-Akt axis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:46. [PMID: 30258464 PMCID: PMC6149064 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate remains low despite considerable research into treatments of HCC, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Many mechanisms within HCC still require investigation, including the influence of hypoxia, which has a crucial role in many cancers and is associated with metastasis. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is known to regulate the expression of many chemokines, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), which is associated with tumor metastasis. Although many studies have reported that HIF-1α is associated with HCC migration and invasion, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Methods The expression level of HIF-1α was determined in HCC cells. The correlation of IL-8 and HIF-1α expressions was assessed via knockdown of HIF-1α. HCC cells were also used to assess the influence of HIF-1α on HCC cell migration and invasion. LY294002, an inhibitor of the Akt pathway, was used to confirm the associated signaling pathways. Results We observed a significant attenuation of cell migration and invasion after silencing of HIF-1α. Exogenously expressing IL-8 restored migration and invasion. Akt was found to be involved in this process. Conclusion Hypoxia promotes HCC cell migration and invasion through the HIF-1α–IL-8–Akt axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyun Fei
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, No.158 Guangchanghou Road, Zhejiang Province 313000 Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Guan
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, No.158 Guangchanghou Road, Zhejiang Province 313000 Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xue
- Central Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, No.158 Guangchanghou Road, Zhejiang Province 313000 Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianjin Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, No.158 Guangchanghou Road, Zhejiang Province 313000 Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwu Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, No.158 Guangchanghou Road, Zhejiang Province 313000 Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, No.158 Guangchanghou Road, Zhejiang Province 313000 Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, No.158 Guangchanghou Road, Zhejiang Province 313000 Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gong
- Central Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, No.158 Guangchanghou Road, Zhejiang Province 313000 Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, No.158 Guangchanghou Road, Zhejiang Province 313000 Huzhou, People's Republic of China
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115
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Che J, Wang Z, Sheng H, Huang F, Dong X, Hu Y, Xie X, Hu Y. Ligand-based pharmacophore model for the discovery of novel CXCR2 antagonists as anti-cancer metastatic agents. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180176. [PMID: 30109074 PMCID: PMC6083693 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is considered a fatal progression of cancer worldwide. It has been shown that a key player in this scenario is the CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2). To identify novel CXCR2 antagonists, a pharmacophore model was built with the HipHop program by screening a database containing compounds which were designed based on the known structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the diarylurea series CXCR2 antagonists. Compound 1a bearing the novel skeleton was selected from database screening and subjected to the in vitro biological test which showed a moderate CXCR2 antagonist potential. With further modification and exploration of SAR, compound 1e demonstrated improved CXCR2 antagonist activity with an IC50 value of 14.8 µM. Furthermore, wound healing assay using the NCI-H1299 cell line indicated that 1e showed an excellent anti-cancer metastatic effect (72% inhibition in cell migration at 50 µg ml-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Che
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichao Sheng
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Huang
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhong Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Xin Xie e-mail:
| | - Yongzhou Hu
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Yongzhou Hu e-mail:
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116
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Hand F, Harmon C, Elliott LA, Caiazza F, Lavelle A, Maguire D, Hoti E, Nolan N, Geoghegan JG, Ryan EJ, O'Farrelly C. Depleted polymorphonuclear leukocytes in human metastatic liver reflect an altered immune microenvironment associated with recurrent metastasis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1041-1052. [PMID: 29572702 PMCID: PMC11028161 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic immunity, normally protective against neoplasia, is subverted in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). Here, we compare the inflammatory microenvironment of CRLM-bearing liver tissue to donor liver. METHODS Twenty-five patients undergoing resection for CRLM were recruited, 13 of whom developed intrahepatic recurrence within 18 months. Biopsies were obtained from tumour and normal liver tissue adjacent to and distal from, the tumour. Donor liver biopsies were obtained during transplantation. Biopsies were cultured and conditioned media (CM) screened for 102 inflammatory mediators. Twelve of these were validated by Luminex assay. Transwell assays measured cancer cell chemotaxis. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and lymphocytes were quantified in H&E sections. RESULTS Fewer periportal tissue-resident PMN were present in metastatic liver compared to donor liver. Patients with the fewest PMN in liver tissue distal to their tumour had a shorter time to intrahepatic recurrence (P < 0.001). IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL5, G-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF, LIF, and CCL3 were higher in liver-bearing CRLM compared to donor tissue. Consequently, cancer cells migrated equally towards CM of all regions of metastatic liver but not towards donor liver CM. CONCLUSIONS The local inflammatory environment may affect both immune cell infiltration and cancer cell migration contributing to recurrence following resection for CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Hand
- National Liver Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 154-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Cathal Harmon
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 154-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Louise A Elliott
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, School of Medicine, University College Dublin and St. Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Francesco Caiazza
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, School of Medicine, University College Dublin and St. Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, School of Medicine, University College Dublin and St. Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Donal Maguire
- National Liver Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Emir Hoti
- National Liver Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Niamh Nolan
- National Liver Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Justin G Geoghegan
- National Liver Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J Ryan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, School of Medicine, University College Dublin and St. Vincent's Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 154-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland.
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117
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Chen J, Gong C, Mao H, Li Z, Fang Z, Chen Q, Lin M, Jiang X, Hu Y, Wang W, Zhang X, Chen X, Li H. E2F1/SP3/STAT6 axis is required for IL-4-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:567-578. [PMID: 29901191 PMCID: PMC6017240 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer with a mortality rate among the highest worldwide owing to its high rate of metastasis. Therefore, inflammation-associated metastasis in the development of CRC is currently a topic of considerable interest. In the present study, the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) was identified to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells. However, the enhancing effect of IL-4 was more evident in HCT116 cells compared with in RKO cells. Accordingly, an increased expression level of STAT6 was observed in HCT116 cells compared with RKO cells. Further investigations identified that E2F1 was required for maintaining the level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) in HCT116 cells. Mechanistically, E2F1 induced specificity protein 3 (SP3) directly by binding to the promoter of the STAT6 gene and activating its transcription in CRC cells. As a result, phosphorylation-activated STAT6 increased the expression of several EMT drivers, including zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (Zeb)1 and Zeb2, which serve a critical function in IL-4-induced EMT. Rescue experiments further confirmed that IL-4-induced EMT relied on an intact E2F1/SP3/STAT6 axis in CRC cells. Finally, analysis of clinical CRC specimens revealed a positive correlation between E2F1, SP3 and STAT6. The ectopically expressed E2F1/SP3/STAT6 axis indicated a poor prognosis in patients with CRC. In conclusion, the E2F1/SP3/STAT6 pathway was identified to be essential for IL-4 signaling-induced EMT and aggressiveness of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoe Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zheijiang 317100, P.R. China
| | - Chaoju Gong
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Huiqin Mao
- Ultrasonography Department, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zheijiang 317100, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyun Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou, Zheijiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Zejun Fang
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zheijiang 317100, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zheijiang 317100, P.R. China
| | - Min Lin
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zheijiang 317100, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zheijiang 317100, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zheijiang 317100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zheijiang 317100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zheijiang 317100, P.R. China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou, Zheijiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanmen People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Sanmen, Zheijiang 317100, P.R. China
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Qiu WZ, Zhang HB, Xia WX, Ke LR, Yang J, Yu YH, Liang H, Huang XJ, Liu GY, Li WZ, Xiang YQ, Kang TB, Guo X, Lv X. The CXCL5/CXCR2 axis contributes to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by activating ERK/GSK-3β/snail signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:85. [PMID: 29665837 PMCID: PMC5905166 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Distant metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Although several biomarkers correlate with metastasis and prognosis, the molecular mechanisms of NPC development and progression remain unclear. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, cell growth, foci formation, migration and invasion assays, and xenograft mouse models were utilized to examine the expression levels and functions of the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in NPC. A luciferase reporter assay, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and migration and invasion assays were used to identify and verify the ERK/GSK-3β/Snail signalling pathway. Results CXCL5 was significantly increased in the sera of NPC patients, and high expression levels of CXCL5/CXCR2 in NPC primary tissues indicated poor survival. CXCL5 and CXCR2 were upregulated in NPC cell lines. Ectopic expression of the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis promoted NPC cell migration and invasion in vitro and the formation of lung metastases in vivo. Mechanistically, the dual overexpression of CXCL5 and CXCR2 promoted cell spreading by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the activation of the ERK/GSK-3β/Snail signalling pathway. Conclusion The CXCL5/CXCR2 axis contributes to the EMT of NPC cells by activating ERK/GSK-3β/Snail signalling, and this axis may be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for patients with NPC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0722-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ze Qiu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Xia
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Ru Ke
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201321, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hui Yu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Liang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Jun Huang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ying Liu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Zhong Li
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qun Xiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Bang Kang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing Lv
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Angiodrastic Chemokines in Colorectal Cancer: Clinicopathological Correlations. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:1616973. [PMID: 29850390 PMCID: PMC5926520 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1616973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To study the expression of angiodrastic chemokines in colorectal tumors and correlate findings with clinicopathological parameters and survival. Methods The proangiogenic factor VEGF, the angiogenic chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL6, and the angiostatic chemokine CXCL4 were measured by ELISA in tumor and normal tissue of 35 stage II and III patients and correlated with the histopathology markers Ki67, p53, p21, bcl2, EGFR, and MLH1 and 5-year survival. The Wilcoxon and chi-square tests were used for statistical comparisons. Results There was a significant increase of CXCL6 (p = 0.005) and VEGF (p = 0.003) in cancerous tissue compared to normal. Patients with lower levels of CXCL8 and CXCL4 lived significantly longer. Patients with loss of EGFR expression had higher levels of CXCL8 while p21 loss was associated with higher levels of CXCL6. Chemokine levels were not correlated with TNM or Dukes classification. Strong expression of p53 was accompanied by decreased survival. Conclusions (1) The angiogenic factors CXCL6 and VEGF are increased in colorectal cancer tissue with no association with the clinical stage of the disease or survival. (2) However, increased levels of tissue CXCL8 and CXCL4 are associated with poor survival. (3) Strong expression of p53 is found in patients with poor survival.
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Tao L, Zhang L, Peng Y, Tao M, Li G, Xiu D, Yuan C, Ma C, Jiang B. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and tumor-related factors to predict lymph node metastasis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Oncotarget 2018; 7:74314-74324. [PMID: 27494847 PMCID: PMC5342055 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a poor prognosis indicator in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDCA), lymph node (LN) metastasis is of great importance in treatment. Present study was performed to evaluate the predictive value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and possible clinical parameters on the LN metastasis in PDCA patients. A total of 159 operable patients with PDCA were enrolled in our study. The clinical utility of NLR and other clinical parameters was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Overall survival analysis indicated that LN metastasis is an independent prognostic factor. The logistic analysis was used to determine the independent parameters associated with LN metastasis. Ideal cutoff values for predicting LN metastasis are 2.12 for NLR and 130.96 for PLR according to the ROC curve. Multivariate analyses indicate that NLR (HR 2.588; 95% CI 1.246-5.376; P = 0.011), CA125 (HR 6.348; 95% CI 2.056-19.594; P = 0.001) and CA19-9 (HR 2.738; 95% CI 1.151-6.515; P = 0.023) are associated significantly with LN metastasis independently. Preoperative NLR, CA125 and CA19-9 are useful biomarkers for the prediction of LN metastasis in PDCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyuan Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dianrong Xiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaolai Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Che JX, Wang ZL, Dong XW, Hu YH, Xie X, Hu YZ. Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane containing N, N'-diarylsquaramide CXCR2 selective antagonists as anti-cancer metastasis agents. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11061-11069. [PMID: 35541503 PMCID: PMC9078949 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01806e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR1 and CXCR2 are CXC chemokine receptors (CXCRs), corresponding to cytokines of the CXC chemokine family. CXCR2 was found to be 77% homologous to CXCR1. Antagonism of the chemokine receptor CXCR2 has been proposed as a new strategy for the treatment of metastatic cancer. In order to find a CXCR2 selective antagonist, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane containing N,N'-diarylsquaramide (compound 2e) was identified by introducing a bridge ring system into the N,N'-diarylsquaramide skeleton, and it exhibited good CXCR2 antagonistic activity (CXCR2IC50 = 48 nM) and good selectivity (CXCR1IC50/CXCR2IC50 = 60.4). Furthermore, an in vitro biological assay of compound 2e also demonstrated its good anti-cancer metastatic effect against the pancreatic cancer cell line CFPAC1. In addition, compound 2e showed an extremely high stability in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated gastric fluid (SGF), as well as in rat and human plasma, but not in rat and human liver microsomes. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats indicated that 2e has an excellent PK profile (10 mg kg-1 po, C max = 2863 ng mL-1, t 1/2 = 2.58 h). Moreover, molecular docking was further implemented to propose the preponderant configuration of compound 2e, providing important and useful guidelines for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Che
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou PR China
| | - Zhi-Long Wang
- State Key Laborarory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai PR China
| | - Xiao-Wu Dong
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou PR China
| | - You-Hong Hu
- State Key Laborarory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai PR China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laborarory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai PR China
| | - Yong-Zhou Hu
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou PR China
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122
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Yenihayat F, Özkan B, Kasap M, Karabaş VL, Güzel N, Akpınar G, Pirhan D. Vitreous IL-8 and VEGF levels in diabetic macular edema with or without subretinal fluid. Int Ophthalmol 2018. [PMID: 29524030 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-0874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the cytokine levels in vitreous samples of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients in comparison with nondiabetic patients, and to evaluate the effect of subretinal fluid on the cytokine levels of vitreous samples. METHODS In this prospective case-control study, 11 eyes of 11 patients with DME and subretinal fluid, 11 eyes of 11 patients with DME without subretinal fluid, and 14 eyes of 14 patients who had undergone vitreoretinal surgery for the epiretinal membrane or a macular hole (control group) were evaluated. The blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, vitreous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were determined. RESULTS The vitreous VEGF level of patients in DME groups was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001) without significant difference between DME patients with and without subretinal fluid (p = 0.796). The vitreous IL-8 level of DME patients with subretinal fluid was significantly higher than both control (p = 0.002) and DME without subretinal fluid groups (p = 0.019). The blood HbA1c level was significantly higher in DME group with subretinal fluid than those without subretinal fluid (8.7 ± 1.32 and 7.1 ± 1.13%, respectively, p = 0.010). The only significant correlation was between vitreous VEGF level and blood HbA1c level in DME patients without subretinal fluid (r = 0.813, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS IL-8 level in vitreous samples was higher in DME patients with subretinal fluid than those without subretinal fluid, suggesting that inflammation is an important factor in the progression of DME leading to the subretinal fluid formation in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Yenihayat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kocaeli State Hospital, 41100, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Berna Özkan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kasap
- DEKART Proteomics Laboratory, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - V Levent Karabaş
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nil Güzel
- DEKART Proteomics Laboratory, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gürler Akpınar
- DEKART Proteomics Laboratory, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Dilara Pirhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
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123
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Boussommier-Calleja A, Atiyas Y, Haase K, Headley M, Lewis C, Kamm RD. The effects of monocytes on tumor cell extravasation in a 3D vascularized microfluidic model. Biomaterials 2018; 198:180-193. [PMID: 29548546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recent developments in cancer immunotherapy have shown exciting therapeutic promise for metastatic patients. While most therapies target T cells, other immune cells, such as monocytes, hold great promise for therapeutic intervention. In our study, we provide primary evidence of direct engagement between human monocytes and tumor cells in a 3D vascularized microfluidic model. We first characterize the novel application of our model to investigate and visualize at high resolution the evolution of monocytes as they migrate from the intravascular to the extravascular micro-environment. We also demonstrate their differentiation into macrophages in our all-human model. Our model replicates physiological differences between different monocyte subsets. In particular, we report that inflammatory, but not patrolling, monocytes rely on actomyosin based motility. Finally, we exploit this platform to study the effect of monocytes, at different stages of their life cycle, on cancer cell extravasation. Our data demonstrates that monocytes can directly reduce cancer cell extravasation in a non-contact dependent manner. In contrast, we see little effect of monocytes on cancer cell extravasation once monocytes transmigrate through the vasculature and are macrophage-like. Taken together, our study brings novel insight into the role of monocytes in cancer cell extravasation, which is an important step in the metastatic cascade. These findings establish our microfluidic platform as a powerful tool to investigate the characteristics and function of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in normal and diseased states. We propose that monocyte-cancer cell interactions could be targeted to potentiate the anti-metastatic effect we observe in vitro, possibly expanding the milieu of immunotherapies available to tame metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y Atiyas
- Biological Engineering, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - K Haase
- Mechanical Engineering, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - M Headley
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Lewis
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - R D Kamm
- Mechanical Engineering, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA; Biological Engineering, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, USA.
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Yung MMH, Tang HWM, Cai PCH, Leung THY, Ngu SF, Chan KKL, Xu D, Yang H, Ngan HYS, Chan DW. GRO-α and IL-8 enhance ovarian cancer metastatic potential via the CXCR2-mediated TAK1/NFκB signaling cascade. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1270-1285. [PMID: 29507619 PMCID: PMC5835935 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal metastasis is a common occurrence and is usually involved in the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. Its specific metastatic pattern implies that certain indispensable microenvironmental factors secreted in the peritoneal cavity can direct metastatic ovarian cancer cells to permissive niches for secondary lesion formation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are ill defined. Herein, we report that GRO-α and IL-8 are predominately upregulated in culture media derived from either normal or cancerous omenta and are associated with increased ovarian cancer aggressiveness. Methods: OCM was established from culture medium of fresh human omental tissues. Primary and metastatic ovarian cancer cell lines were generated from human tumor tissues and verified by specific antibodies. The functional roles of GRO-α, IL-8, and their specific receptor CXCR2 were examined by neutralizing antibodies, shRNA gene knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout and pharmaceutical CXCR2 inhibitor SB225002. The oncogenic properties of ovarian cancer cells were examined by in vitro and in vivo mouse models. Results: Both GRO-α and IL-8 can activate TAK1/NFκB signaling via the CXCR2 receptor. Intriguingly, TAK1/NFκB signaling activity was higher in metastatic ovarian cancer cells; this higher activity makes them more susceptible to OCM-induced tumor aggressiveness. Treatment of ovarian cancer cells with GRO-α and IL-8 neutralizing antibodies or ablation of CXCR2 by shRNA gene knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout, or CXCR2 inhibitor SB225002 treatment significantly attenuated TAK1/NFκB signaling and decreased in vitro and in vivo oncogenic and metastatic potential, suggesting CXCR2 plays a key role in the GRO-α and IL-8-governed metastatic spreading of ovarian cancer cells in the intraperitoneal cavity. Conclusion: This study highlights the significance of GRO-α and IL-8 as the key chemokines in the peritoneal tumor microenvironment and suggests the utility of targeting their receptor CXCR2 as a potential target-based therapy for peritoneal metastases of ovarian cancer.
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125
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"Vessels in the Storm": Searching for Prognostic and Predictive Angiogenic Factors in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010299. [PMID: 29351242 PMCID: PMC5796244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High expectations are placed upon anti-angiogenic compounds for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the first malignancy for which such type of treatment has been approved. Indeed, clinical trials have confirmed that targeting the formation of new vessels can improve in many cases clinical outcomes of mCRC patients. However, current anti-angiogenic drugs are far from obtaining the desirable or expected curative results. Many are the factors probably involved in such disappointing results, but particular attention is currently focused on the validation of biomarkers able to improve the direction of treatment protocols. Because clinical studies have clearly demonstrated that serum or tissue concentration of some angiogenic factors is associated with the evolution of the disease of mCRC patients, they are currently explored as potential biomarkers of prognosis and of tumor response to therapy. However, the complex biology underlying CRC -induced angiogenesis is a hurdle in finding rapid solutions. The aim of this review was to explore molecular mechanisms that determine the formation of tumor-associated vessels during CRC progression, and to discuss the potential role of angiogenic factors as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in CRC.
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126
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Shantha Kumara HMC, Sutton E, Bellini GA, Yan X, Cekic V, Gandhi ND, Whelan RL. Plasma interleukin-8 levels are persistently elevated for 1 month after minimally invasive colorectal resection for colorectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 8:471-476. [PMID: 29468061 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimally invasive colorectal resection (MICR) for colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with elevated levels of seven proangiogenic proteins that persist for 2-4 weeks after surgery. The proangiogenic plasma may promote tumor growth postoperatively in patients with residual cancer. To the best of our knowledge, the impact of surgery on interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate plasma IL-8 levels after MICR for CRC. Patients with CRC enrolled in an institutional review board-approved plasma/data bank who underwent MICR were eligible. Blood samples were taken preoperatively (preop) and at multiple postoperative (postop) time points, and were stored at -80°C. Only patients for whom preop, postop day (POD) 1, POD 3 and at least 1 late postop plasma samples (POD7-34) available were enrolled. Clinical, demographical and pathological data were collected. IL-8 levels were determined via ELISA and results were reported as the mean and ± standard deviation. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for analysis with P<0.05 used as the significance threshold. A total of 73 CRC patients (colon, 62%; rectal, 38%) who underwent MICR (laparoscopic-assisted, 60%; hand-assisted, 40%) were studied. The mean preop IL-8 level was 20.4±10.6 pg/ml. Significant elevations in plasma IL-8 levels were noted compared with preop levels on POD1 (43.1±38.6; n=72; P<0.0001), POD 3 (33.0±30.1; n=71; P<0.0001), POD7-13 (29.9±21.9; n=50; P<0.0001), POD14-20 (33.1±18.3; n=24; P=0.002), and for the POD21-27 time point (24.0±9.2; n=16; P=0.002). In conclusion, plasma IL-8 levels were significantly elevated from baseline for 4 weeks after MICR for CRC. In conjunction with the other proangiogenic MICR-associated blood compositional changes, increased IL-8 levels may promote tumor angiogenesis and growth postop.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M C Shantha Kumara
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Elli Sutton
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Bellini
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Vesna Cekic
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Nipa Dilip Gandhi
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY 10019, USA.,Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and tumor-related factors to predict lymph node metastasis in nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17506. [PMID: 29235538 PMCID: PMC5727518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) status is very important for the survival in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). Therefore, the investigation of factors related to LN metastases has a great clinical significance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and possible clinical parameters on the LN metastases in nonfunctional PNETs (NF-PNETs). A retrospective review of 101 NF-PNET patients following curative resection and lymphadenectomy was conducted. The associations between clinicopathological factors and LN metastases and prognosis were determined. Twenty-seven (26.7%) patients had LN metastases. LN metastases was independently associated with disease-free survival (P = 0.009). Ideal cutoff values for predicting LN metastases were 1.80 for NLR, 168.25 for PLR and 2.5 cm for tumor size according to the receiver operating characteristic curve. On multivariable analysis, NLR (P = 0.017), symptomatic diagnosis (P = 0.028) and tumor size (P = 0.020) were associated with LN metastases. These results indicate that preoperative NLR ≥ 1.80, tumor size ≥2.5 cm and symptomatic diagnosis are independently associated with LN metastases for patients undergoing resection of NF-PNETs. It is anticipated that these findings are useful for further planning of lymphadenectomy before surgery.
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128
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Chowdhury R, Gales D, Valenzuela P, Miller S, Yehualaeshet T, Manne U, Francia G, Samuel T. Bromoethylindole (BEI-9) redirects NF-κB signaling induced by camptothecin and TNFα to promote cell death in colon cancer cells. Apoptosis 2017; 22:1553-1563. [PMID: 29116428 PMCID: PMC6005376 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic regimens containing camptothecin (CPT), 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin are used to treat advanced colorectal cancer. We previously reported that an indole derivative, 3-(2-bromoethyl)indole (BEI-9), inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells and suppressed NF-κB activation. Here, we show that a combination of BEI-9 with either CPT or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) enhances cell death. Using colorectal cancer cells, we examined the activation of NF-κB by drugs, the potential of BEI-9 for inhibiting drug-induced NF-κB activation, and the enhancement of cell death by combination treatments. Cells were treated with the chemotherapeutic drugs alone or in combination with BEI-9. NF-κB activation, cell cycle profiles, DNA-damage response, markers of cell death signaling and targets of NF-κB were evaluated to determine the effects of single and co-treatments. The combination of BEI-9 with CPT or TNFα inhibited NF-κB activation and reduced the expression of NF-κB-responsive genes, Bcl-xL and COX2. Compared to CPT or BEI-9 alone, sequential treatment of the cells with CPT and BEI-9 significantly enhanced caspase activation and cell death. Co-treatment with TNFα and BEI-9 also caused more cytotoxicity than TNFα or BEI-9 alone. Combined BEI-9 and TNFα enhanced cell death through caspase activation and cleavage of the switch-protein, RIP1 kinase. BEI-9 reduced the expression of COX2 both alone and in combination with CPT or TNF. We postulate that BEI-9 enhances the effects of these drugs on cancer cells by turning off or redirecting NF-κB signaling. Therefore, the combination of BEI-9 with drugs that activate NF-κB needs to be evaluated for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Chowdhury
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, 1200 W. Montgomery Road, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | - Dominique Gales
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, 1200 W. Montgomery Road, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | - Paloma Valenzuela
- University of Texas El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Sonni Miller
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, 1200 W. Montgomery Road, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | - Teshome Yehualaeshet
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, 1200 W. Montgomery Road, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA
| | - Upender Manne
- Wallace Tumor Institute, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802, 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Giulio Francia
- University of Texas El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Temesgen Samuel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, 1200 W. Montgomery Road, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA.
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Khazali AS, Clark AM, Wells A. Inflammatory cytokine IL-8/CXCL8 promotes tumour escape from hepatocyte-induced dormancy. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:566-576. [PMID: 29169181 PMCID: PMC5830588 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancers can recur after a long latency period following ‘successful’ primary treatments. Chronic inflammation significantly correlates with reduced diseased-free survival in breast cancer patients and could be a point of intervention to prevent recurrence. Liver is among the main sites of breast cancer recurrence. Thus, we hypothesise that inflammatory signals from hepatic stellate cells, the major inflammatory regulators in the sinusoid, could stimulate dormant cancer cells to emerge. Methods: We utilise in vitro co-culture of breast cancer cells with stellate cells and an ex vivo 3D human liver micro-physiologic system to identify stellate cells-derived factors that mediate tumour emergence. Results: Activated, but not quiescent, hepatic stellate cells secreted soluble factors to induce the proliferation of MCF7 and MDA-MB231 cancer cells. IL-8 and MCP-1 were highly secreted by the activated stellate cells and primary human non-parenchymal cells. IL-8 significantly reduced serum-starvation growth arrest on MDA-MB231 cells in vitro and increased cancer proliferation ex vivo. Blocking IL-8Rb/CXCR2 reduced IL-8-induced cancer growth and proliferation. Conclusions: Activated stellate cells can induce breast cancer emergence from dormancy in the liver by secreting inflammatory cytokines. Preventing liver inflammation or disrupting the subsequent key cytokines may prevent metastatic outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Khazali
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Amanda M Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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130
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Hosono M, Koma YI, Takase N, Urakawa N, Higashino N, Suemune K, Kodaira H, Nishio M, Shigeoka M, Kakeji Y, Yokozaki H. CXCL8 derived from tumor-associated macrophages and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas contributes to tumor progression by promoting migration and invasion of cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106071-106088. [PMID: 29285315 PMCID: PMC5739702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are involved in tumor progression and poor prognosis in several malignancies. We previously demonstrated the interaction between high numbers of infiltrating TAMs and poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). To investigate the significance of TAMs in ESCC, we conducted a cDNA microarray analysis of peripheral blood monocytes (PBMo)-derived macrophages and PBMo-derived macrophages stimulated with conditioned media of TE-series ESCC cell lines (TAM-like PBMo-derived macrophages). C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) was up-regulated in the TAM-like PBMo-derived macrophages. Here we confirmed a high expression level of CXCL8 in TAM-like PBMo-derived macrophages and the expression of CXCR1/2, known as CXCL8 receptors, in TE-series ESCC cell lines. Recombinant human CXCL8 induced the ESCC cell lines’ migration and invasion by the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2. In indirect co-cultures, not only signal pathway inhibitors but also neutralizing antibodies against CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 suppressed these phenotypes induced by TAM-like PBMo-derived macrophages. Immunohistochemical analysis of 70 resected ESCC samples showed that high expression levels of CXCL8 in ESCC tissues were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. These results suggest that CXCL8 up-regulated in the microenvironment may contribute to ESCC progression by promoting cancer cells’ migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Hosono
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Takase
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoki Urakawa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Higashino
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazuki Suemune
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Himiko Kodaira
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastro-intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic value of CXCR2 in solid tumor patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109740-109751. [PMID: 29312644 PMCID: PMC5752557 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor-2 (CXCR2) expression is associated with the prognosis of multiple cancers. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the association between the CXCR2 expression in tumor tissue and patient prognosis. We compiled related literature from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (last updated July 31, 2017). A total of 4012 patients with solid tumors from 21 studies were included to evaluate the association between CXCR2 and overall survival, recurrence-free survival, or disease-free survival. High CXCR2 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (pooled HR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.63-2.03; P < 0.001), recurrence-free survival (pooled HR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.21-1.62; P < 0.001), and disease-free survival (pooled HR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.05-3.40; P = 0.033), especially in patients with digestive system neoplasms. Thus high CXCR2 expression in tumor tissue appears predictive of a poor prognosis in patients with solid tumors. Further studies will be required to determine whether CXCR2 blockade has a favorable effect on the prognosis of patients with cancer.
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132
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Allaix ME, Giraudo G, Ferrarese A, Arezzo A, Rebecchi F, Morino M. 10-Year Oncologic Outcomes After Laparoscopic or Open Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer. World J Surg 2017; 40:3052-3062. [PMID: 27417110 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-016-3631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only few studies have compared laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LTME) and open total mesorectal excision (OTME) for rectal cancer with follow-up longer than 5 years. The aim of this study was to compare 10-year oncologic outcomes after LTME and OTME for nonmetastatic rectal cancer. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective database of rectal cancer patients undergoing LTME or OTME. Statistical analyses were performed on an ''intention-to-treat'' basis and by actual treatment. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared by using the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictors of poor survival. RESULTS Between April 1994 and August 2005, a total of 153 LTME patients and 154 OTME patients were included. Similarly, 10-year OS and DFS after LTME and OTME were observed: 76.8 versus 70.6 % (P = 0.138) and 69.1 versus 67.6 % (P = 0.508), respectively. Conversion to OTME did not adversely affect OS and DFS. Stage-by-stage comparison showed no significant differences between LTME and OTME. No significant differences were observed in local recurrence rates after LTME and OTME (6.5 vs. 7.8 %, P = 0.837). Median time until local recurrence was 24.5 (range, 12-56) months after LTME and 22 (6-64) months after OTME (P = 0.777). Poor tumor differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, and a lymph node ratio of 0.25 or more were the independent predictors of poorer OS and DFS. CONCLUSION This retrospective study with long follow-up did not show significant differences between the two groups in OS and DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E Allaix
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Giraudo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Ferrarese
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Arezzo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rebecchi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Morino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
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Yu SY, Nam DH, Lee DY. Changes in aqueous concentrations of various cytokines after intravitreal bevacizumab and subtenon triamcinolone injection for diabetic macular edema. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 256:39-47. [PMID: 29030692 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in the aqueous cytokine levels after intravitreal bevacizumab with those after combined intravitreal bevacizumab and subtenon triamcinolone injection in diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS This study examined 24 eyes of 23 patients with DME. Each patient with DME received randomly either an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVBe) or IVBe with a subtenon triamcinolone injection (IVBe + STTA). Best corrected visual acuity and foveal thickness were evaluated and aqueous samples were obtained before and 4 weeks after the injection. The aqueous concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon-induced protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured using a multiplex bead assay. RESULTS After the injection, the foveal thickness decreased more in the IVBe + STTA group than in the IVBe group (P = 0.042). The MCP-1, PDGF-AA, and VEGF levels decreased significantly in the IVBe + STTA group (p = 0.013, p = 0.004 and p = 0.018 respectively), but only the VEGF level decreased in the IVBe group (p = 0.001). IL-8 was significantly increased in the IVBe + STTA group (p = 0.003) but the changes in the VEGF levels were smaller than in the IVBe group (p = 0.025). CONCLUSION Intravitreal bevacizumab and subtenon triamcinolone injection reduces the VEGF, MCP-1 and PDGF-AA levels and increases the IL-8 level in the plural cytokine profiles of patients with DME, which might explain the limited therapeutic effect of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Young Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Heun Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University, Gil Hospital, #21 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-daero, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 405-760, South Korea
| | - Dae Yeong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University, Gil Hospital, #21 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-daero, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 405-760, South Korea.
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134
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Xu H, Lin F, Wang Z, Yang L, Meng J, Ou Z, Shao Z, Di G, Yang G. CXCR2 promotes breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance via suppression of AKT1 and activation of COX2. Cancer Lett 2017; 412:69-80. [PMID: 28964785 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis and chemoresistance are two major causes of breast cancer death. We show here that the chemokine receptor CXCR2 was overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. CXCR2 promoted anti-apoptosis, anti-senescence, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells, leading to the enhanced metastasis and chemoresistance. Further study suggested that AKT1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2; PTGS2) might mediate the CXCR2 signaling to inversely control the breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance through the regulation of EMT, apoptosis, and senescence. Analyses of clinical data indicate that the high expression of CXCR2 was correlated with the high expression of COX2 and the low expression of AKT1, P85α, E-cadherin, and β-catenin in cancer tissues. Poor outcomes were associated with the high expression of CXCR2 or COX2 while favorable survivals were associated with the high expression of P85α, AKT1, or E-cadherin in all cancer patients. Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that CXCR2, COX2, and AKT1 could be independent predictors for disease free survivals. All these data suggest that CXCR2 promotes breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance via suppressing AKT1 and activating COX2. Thus, antagonists of the CXCR2 signaling molecules may be used to treat breast cancer patients particularly with high metastasis and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Fengjuan Lin
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Zhouluo Ou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China
| | - Zhimin Shao
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China.
| | - Genhong Di
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China.
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, China; Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 200240, China.
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135
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Metformin Suppressed CXCL8 Expression and Cell Migration in HEK293/TLR4 Cell Line. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:6589423. [PMID: 29147073 PMCID: PMC5632916 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6589423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with cancer. CXCL8 promotes tumor microenvironment construction through recruiting leukocytes and endothelial progenitor cells that are involved in angiogenesis. It also enhances tumor cell proliferation and migration. Metformin, type II diabetes medication, demonstrates anticancer properties via suppressing inflammation, tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This study intended to address the role of metformin in regulation of CXCL8 expression and cell proliferation and migration. Our data indicated that metformin suppressed LPS-induced CXCL8 expression in a dose-dependent manner through inhibiting NF-κB, but not AP-1 and C/EBP, activities under the conditions we used. This inhibitory effect of metformin is achieved through dampening LPS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. Cell migration was inhibited by metformin under high dose (10 mM), but not cell proliferation.
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136
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Tang CP, Zhou HJ, Qin J, Luo Y, Zhang T. MicroRNA-520c-3p negatively regulates EMT by targeting IL-8 to suppress the invasion and migration of breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3144-3152. [PMID: 29048659 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), which is secreted by cancer cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), can promote EMT in adjacent epithelial-like cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) can affect the expression of target genes via binding to their 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs), which may subsequently affect the biological behaviors of cancer cells. In our previous study, miR-520c-3p was predicted to directly target the 3'-UTR of IL-8. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate whether miR-520c-3p can interact with the IL-8 gene and regulate the EMT of breast cancer cells. Web-based prediction algorithms were used to identify miRNAs that potentially target the IL-8 transcript. Luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the targeting of IL-8 by miR-520c-3p. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were used to examine the levels of IL-8 and EMT-related genes in breast cancer cells. The functional impact of miR-520c-3p on EMT phenotype was evaluated using Transwell and wound-healing assays, and rescue experiments were conducted by overexpressing IL-8 to determine its effect on cell properties. miR-520c-3p was predicted by all three databases, which strongly suggested its interaction with the 3'-UTR of IL-8. The relative Renilla luciferase activity of luciferase reporter construct containing the wild-type 3'-UTR of IL-8 was markedly decreased by miR-520c-3p transfection when compared with scrambled miRNA control transfection (P<0.001). In addition, compared with the scrambled miRNA control transfection, the overexpression of miR-520c-3p significantly reduced the expression of IL-8, and resulted in increased E-cadherin and decreased vimentin and fibronectin levels in MCF-7 and T47D cells (all P<0.001). Introduction of miR-520c-3p inhibited the invasion and migration of MCF-7 and T47D cells (all P<0.001). By contrast, the rescue of IL-8 expression led to the recovery of EMT-related protein expression patterns and cell motility and invasion capabilities. In conclusion, aberrant miR-520c-3p expression may lead to reduced IL-8 expression and promote the mesenchymal phenotype in breast cancer cells, thereby increasing invasive growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ping Tang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Han-Jing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Gut Microbe-Mediated Suppression of Inflammation-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis by Luminal Histamine Production. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2323-2336. [PMID: 28917668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome-mediated suppression of carcinogenesis may open new avenues for identification of therapeutic targets and prevention strategies in oncology. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) deficiency has been shown to promote inflammation-associated colorectal cancer by accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ immature myeloid cells, indicating a potential antitumorigenic effect of histamine. Here, we demonstrate that administration of hdc+Lactobacillus reuteri in the gut resulted in luminal hdc gene expression and histamine production in the intestines of Hdc-/- mice. This histamine-producing probiotic decreased the number and size of colon tumors and colonic uptake of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose by positron emission tomography in Hdc-/- mice. Administration of L. reuteri suppressed keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), Il22, Il6, Tnf, and IL1α gene expression in the colonic mucosa and reduced the amounts of proinflammatory, cancer-associated cytokines, keratinocyte chemoattractant, IL-22, and IL-6, in plasma. Histamine-generating L. reuteri also decreased the relative numbers of splenic CD11b+Gr-1+ immature myeloid cells. Furthermore, an isogenic HDC-deficient L. reuteri mutant that was unable to generate histamine did not suppress carcinogenesis, indicating a significant role of the cometabolite, histamine, in suppression of chronic intestinal inflammation and colorectal tumorigenesis. These findings link luminal conversion of amino acids to biogenic amines by gut microbes and probiotic-mediated suppression of colorectal neoplasia.
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138
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Franz JM, Portela P, Salim PH, Berger M, Fernando Jobim L, Roesler R, Jobim M, Schwartsmann G. CXCR2 +1208 CT genotype may predict earlier clinical stage at diagnosis in patients with prostate cancer. Cytokine 2017; 97:193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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139
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Alfaro C, Sanmamed MF, Rodríguez-Ruiz ME, Teijeira Á, Oñate C, González Á, Ponz M, Schalper KA, Pérez-Gracia JL, Melero I. Interleukin-8 in cancer pathogenesis, treatment and follow-up. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:24-31. [PMID: 28866366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) was originally described asa chemokine whose main function is the attraction of a polymorphonuclear inflammatory leukocyte infiltrate acting on CXCR1/2. Recently, it has been found that tumors very frequently coopt the production of this chemokine, which in this malignant context exerts different pro-tumoral functions. Reportedly, these include angiogenesis, survival signaling for cancer stem cells and attraction of myeloid cells endowed with the ability to immunosuppress and locally provide growth factors. Given the fact that in cancer patients IL-8 is mainly produced by tumor cells themselves, its serum concentration has been shown to correlate with tumor burden. Thus, IL-8 serum concentrations have been shown to be useful asa pharmacodynamic biomarker to early detect response to immunotherapy. Finally, because of the roles that IL-8 plays in favoring tumor progression, several therapeutic strategies are being developed to interfere with its functions. Such interventions hold promise, especially for therapeutic combinations in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alfaro
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain.
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain
| | - Carmen Oñate
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro González
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mariano Ponz
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - José L Pérez-Gracia
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain.
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140
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Lin SC, Hsiao KY, Chang N, Hou PC, Tsai SJ. Loss of dual-specificity phosphatase-2 promotes angiogenesis and metastasis via up-regulation of interleukin-8 in colon cancer. J Pathol 2017; 241:638-648. [PMID: 28026024 DOI: 10.1002/path.4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase 2 (DUSP2) is a negative regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Our previous study showed that DUSP2 expression is down-regulated in many human cancers and loss of DUSP2 promotes cancer progression; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely uncharacterized. Herein, we found that loss of DUSP2 induces angiogenesis, while forced expression of DUSP2 inhibits microvessel formation in xenografted mouse tumours. Genome-wide screening of expression profiles, and meta-analysis of clinical data, identified that the level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) correlated negatively with that of DUSP2, suggesting that it may be a downstream target of DUSP2. Molecular characterization revealed that DUSP2 inversely regulates IL-8 expression, mediated by ERK1/2 and C/EBPα-dependent transcriptional regulation. Further study showed that hypoxia-induced IL-8 expression in cancer cells is also mediated via down-regulation of DUSP2. Treatment with the IL-8 receptor inhibitor reparixin or knockdown of IL-8 in cancer cells abolished angiogenesis induced by loss of DUSP2. Functionally, knockdown of DUSP2 enhanced tumour growth and metastasis, which were abolished by treatment with reparixin or knockdown of IL-8 in an orthotopic mouse model. Taken together, our results demonstrate that hypoxia inhibits DUSP2 expression in colon cancer, leading to up-regulation of IL-8, which facilitates angiogenesis and tumour metastasis. Our findings suggest that blocking hypoxia-DUSP2-IL-8 signalling may be a plausible approach for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yang Hsiao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ning Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Hou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Jenq Tsai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kossmann CM, Annereau M, Thomas-Schoemann A, Nicco-Overney C, Chéreau C, Batteux F, Alexandre J, Lemare F. ADAM9 expression promotes an aggressive lung adenocarcinoma phenotype. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317716077. [PMID: 28675123 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317716077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 (ADAM9) possesses potent metastasis-inducing capacities and is highly expressed in several cancer cells. Previous work has shown that ADAM9 participates in the adhesive-invasive phenotype in lung cancer cells in vitro. In this study, we evaluated whether ADAM9 expression plays a critical role in metastatic processes in vivo and in angiogenesis. We first found that high ADAM9 expression was correlated with poor lung adenocarcinoma patient prognosis on Prognoscan data base. In vivo model based on intravenous injection in nude mice showed that a stable downregulation of ADAM9 in A549 (TrA549 A9-) cells was associated with a lower number of nodules in the lung, suggesting lower potentials for extravasation and metastasis. On a subcutaneous xenograft we showed that TrA549 A9- produced significantly smaller tumours and exhibited fewer neovessels. In addition, in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to supernatant from TrA549 A9- could reduce the formation of more vessel-like structures. To further understand the mechanism, a human antibody array analysis confirmed that five cytokines were downregulated in TrA549 A9- cells. Interleukin 8 was the most significantly downregulated, and its interaction with CXCR2 was implicated in angiogenesis on an in vitro model. These results emphasize the critical influence of ADAM9 on lung cancer progression and aggressiveness. ADAM9 should at least be a marker of cancer aggressiveness and a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mongaret Kossmann
- 1 Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,2 UFR Pharmacie EA4691, Service Pharmacie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Maxime Annereau
- 1 Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,3 Département de Pharmacie Clinique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Audrey Thomas-Schoemann
- 4 Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,5 Faculté de Pharmacie Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Carole Nicco-Overney
- 1 Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,6 Cancer Research Personalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France
| | - Christiane Chéreau
- 1 Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,6 Cancer Research Personalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- 1 Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,4 Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,6 Cancer Research Personalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Alexandre
- 1 Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,4 Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,6 Cancer Research Personalized Medicine (CARPEM), Paris, France
| | - François Lemare
- 3 Département de Pharmacie Clinique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,5 Faculté de Pharmacie Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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142
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Wang S, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Qian W, Sun Y, Ji B, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Ji D, Wang Q, Sun Y. Transcriptome analysis in primary colorectal cancer tissues from patients with and without liver metastases using next-generation sequencing. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1976-1987. [PMID: 28745433 PMCID: PMC5548889 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and liver metastases are the leading cause of death in patients with CRC. In this study, we performed next-generation sequencing profiling on primary colorectal tumor tissues obtained from three CRC patients with liver metastases and three CRC patients without liver metastases to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that might be responsible for the metastases process. After filtering 2690 DEGs, comprising 996 upregulated and 1694 downregulated RNAs, 22 upregulated and 73 downregulated DEGs were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses were performed to determine the underlying mechanisms. Single-organism process (biological process), cell (cellular component), and binding (molecular function) were the most related terms in the GO analysis. We selected the top 13 upregulated and top 12 downregulated genes by fold change to verify their differential expression using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The validation showed that three most significantly upregulated DEGs were HOXD10, UGT2A3, and SLC13A2, whereas the five most significantly downregulated DEGs were SPP1, CXCL8, MMP3, OSM, and CXCL6, respectively. These aberrantly expressed genes may play pivotal roles in promoting or inhibiting metastases. Further studies are required to determine the functions of DEGs to promote the diagnosis of metastases and provide novel chemotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Wenwei Qian
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Ye Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Bing Ji
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Dongjian Ji
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
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143
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Bugge M, Bergstrom B, Eide OK, Solli H, Kjønstad IF, Stenvik J, Espevik T, Nilsen NJ. Surface Toll-like receptor 3 expression in metastatic intestinal epithelial cells induces inflammatory cytokine production and promotes invasiveness. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15408-15425. [PMID: 28717003 PMCID: PMC5602399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.784090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors for sensing microbial molecules and damage-associated molecular patterns released from host cells. Double-stranded RNA and the synthetic analog polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) bind and activate TLR3. This stimulation leads to recruitment of the adaptor molecule TRIF (Toll/IL-1 resistance (TIR) domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon β) and activation of the transcription factors nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), classically inducing IFNβ production. Here we report that, unlike non-metastatic intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), metastatic IECs express TLR3 and that TLR3 promotes invasiveness of these cells. In response to poly(I:C) addition, the metastatic IECs also induced the chemokine CXCL10 in a TLR3-, TRIF-, and IRF3-dependent manner but failed to produce IFNβ. This was in contrast to healthy and non-metastatic IECs, which did not respond to poly(I:C) stimulation. Endolysosomal acidification and the endosomal transporter protein UNC93B1 was required for poly(I:C)-induced CXCL10 production. However, TLR3-induced CXCL10 was triggered by immobilized poly(I:C), was only modestly affected by inhibition of endocytosis, and could be blocked with an anti-TLR3 antibody, indicating that TLR3 can still signal from the cell surface of these cells. Furthermore, plasma membrane fractions from metastatic IECs contained both full-length and cleaved TLR3, demonstrating surface expression of both forms of TLR3. Our results imply that metastatic IECs express surface TLR3, allowing it to sense extracellular stimuli that trigger chemokine responses and promote invasiveness in these cells. We conclude that altered TLR3 expression and localization may have implications for cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Bugge
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and.,the Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarte Bergstrom
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and
| | - Oda K Eide
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and
| | - Helene Solli
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and
| | - Ingrid F Kjønstad
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and
| | - Jørgen Stenvik
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and
| | - Terje Espevik
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and
| | - Nadra J Nilsen
- From the Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway and .,the Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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144
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Non-invasive imaging of engineered human tumors in the living chicken embryo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4991. [PMID: 28694510 PMCID: PMC5504052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in engineered tumor models prompted us to devise a method for the non-invasive assessment of such models. Here, we report on bioluminescence imaging (BLI) for the assessment of engineered tumor models in the fertilized chicken egg, i.e, chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. One prostate cancer (PC-3) and two osteosarcoma (MG63 and HOS) cell lines were modified with luciferase reporter genes. To create engineered tumors, these cell lines were seeded either onto basement membrane extract (BME) or gelfoam scaffolds, and subsequently grafted in vivo onto the CAM. BLI enabled non-invasive, specific detection of the engineered tumors on the CAM in the living chicken embryo. Further, BLI permitted daily, quantitative monitoring of the engineered tumors over the course of up to 7 days. Data showed that an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of BME supported growth of reporter gene marked PC-3 tumors but did not support MG63 or HOS tumor growth. However, MG63 tumors engineered on the collagen-based gelfoam ECM showed a temporal proliferation burst in MG63 tumors. Together, the data demonstrated imaging of engineered human cancer models in living chicken embryos. The combination of CAM assay and BLI holds significant potential for the examination of a broad range of engineered tumor models.
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145
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Interleukin-8 mRNA Expression in Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2017; 43:209-213. [PMID: 30595877 PMCID: PMC6284832 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.43.03.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been proven to promote progression of malignant tumours and control angiogenesis processes. We aim to determine and compare interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression level in colorectal tumors (CCR) and peritumoral samples obtained through endoscopic biopsy. Material and methods: Total mRNA was obtained from both tumoral and peritumoral tissue samples collected from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Through Quantitative Real Time PCR, IL-8 gene expression was assessed in both pathologic tissue and adjacent normal mucosa. Results: In our cohort, IL8 expression was higher in adjacent normal mucosa than in tumoral tissue, in all the samples. Further studies on larger groups are required to validate our results.
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146
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Leon-Cabrera SA, Molina-Guzman E, Delgado-Ramirez YG, Vázquez-Sandoval A, Ledesma-Soto Y, Pérez-Plasencia CG, Chirino YI, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Vaca-Paniagua F, Ávila-Moreno F, Gutierrez-Cirlos EB, Arias-Romero LE, Terrazas LI. Lack of STAT6 Attenuates Inflammation and Drives Protection against Early Steps of Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:385-396. [PMID: 28385737 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms and a leading cause of death. The immunologic factors associated with CAC development are not completely understood. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is part of an important signaling pathway for modulating intestinal immune function and homeostasis. However, the role of STAT6 in colon cancer progression is unclear. Following CAC induction in wild-type (WT) and STAT6-deficient mice (STAT6-/-), we found that 70% of STAT6-/- mice were tumor-free after 8 weeks, whereas 100% of WT mice developed tumors. STAT6-/- mice displayed fewer and smaller colorectal tumors than WT mice; this reduced tumorigenicity was associated with decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in the colonic mucosa in the early steps of tumor progression. STAT6-/- mice also exhibited reduced inflammation, diminished concentrations COX2 and nuclear β-catenin protein in the colon, and decreased mRNA expression of IL17A and TNFα, but increased IL10 expression when compared with WT mice. Impaired mucosal expression of CCL9, CCL25, and CXCR2 was also observed. In addition, the number of circulating CD11b+Ly6ChiCCR2+ monocytes and CD11b+Ly6ClowLy6G+ granulocytes was both decreased in a STAT6-dependent manner. Finally, WT mice receiving a STAT6 inhibitor in vivo confirmed a significant reduction in tumor load as well as less intense signs of CAC. Our results demonstrate that STAT6 is critical in the early steps of CAC development for modulating inflammatory responses and controlling cell recruitment and proliferation. Thus, STAT6 may represent a promising target for CAC treatment. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(5); 385-96. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Leon-Cabrera
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico.,Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Molina-Guzman
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Yael G Delgado-Ramirez
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Armando Vázquez-Sandoval
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Yadira Ledesma-Soto
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Carlos G Pérez-Plasencia
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Norma L Delgado-Buenrostro
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico.,Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Federico Ávila-Moreno
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Emma B Gutierrez-Cirlos
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Luis E Arias-Romero
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico
| | - Luis I Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edo. De México, Mexico. .,Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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147
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Tumor-derived CXCL5 promotes human colorectal cancer metastasis through activation of the ERK/Elk-1/Snail and AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathways. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:70. [PMID: 28356111 PMCID: PMC5372323 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis is a major cause of death in human colorectal cancer patients. However, the contribution of chemokines in the tumor microenvironment to tumor metastasis is not fully understood. Methods Herein, we examinined several chemokines in colorectal cancer patients using chemokine ELISA array. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of CXCL5 in colorectal cancer patients tissues. Human HCT116 and SW480 cell lines stably transfected with CXCL5, shCXCL5 and shCXCR2 lentivirus plasmids were used in our in vitro study. Immunoblot, immunofluorescence and transwell assay were used to examine the molecular biology and morphological changes in these cells. In addition, we used nude mice to detect the influence of CXCL5 on tumor metastasis in vivo. Results We found that CXCL5 was overexpressed in tumor tissues and associated with advanced tumor stage as well as poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. We also demonstrated that CXCL5 was primarily expressed in the tumor cell cytoplasm and cell membranes, which may indicate that the CXCL5 was predominantly produced by cancer epithelial cells instead of fibroblasts in the tumor mesenchyme. Additionally, overexpression of CXCL5 enhanced the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through activation of the ERK/Elk-1/Snail pathway and the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway in a CXCR2-dependent manner. The silencing of Snail and β-catenin attenuated CXCL5/CXCR2-enhanced cell migration and invasion in vitro. The elevated expression of CXCL5 can also potentiate the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells to the liver in vivo in nude mice intrasplenic injection model. Conclusion In conclusion, our findings support CXCL5 as a promoter of colorectal cancer metastasis and a predictor of poor clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0629-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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148
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Farabegoli F, Scarpa E, Frati A, Serafini G, Papi A, Spisni E, Antonini E, Benedetti S, Ninfali P. Betalains increase vitexin-2-O-xyloside cytotoxicity in CaCo-2 cancer cells. Food Chem 2017; 218:356-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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149
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Shen T, Yang Z, Cheng X, Xiao Y, Yu K, Cai X, Xia C, Li Y. CXCL8 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2095-2100. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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150
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Li Y, Rong G, Kang H. Taxotere-induced elevated expression of IL8 in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts of breast invasive ductal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1856-1860. [PMID: 28454334 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women worldwide, and accounts for an estimated 29% of new cases and 15% of cancer-associated mortalities each year. Invasive ductal carcinoma represents 70-80% of all breast cancer cases, which are responsible for the majority of breast cancer fatalities. Though great progress has been made in understanding the tumorigenesis and development of breast cancer, problems surrounding treatment persist. It was previously reported that carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may be closely associated with chemotherapy resistance. In the present study, primary-cultured CAFs from surgically resected breast invasive ductal cancer tissues were prepared and tested to clarify the change of gene expression profile following treatment with 20 ng/ml Taxotere® for 24 h through microarray analysis. In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to compare the gene and protein expression of the candidate gene in CAFs prior to and following Taxotere treatment. Based on the obtained data, 35 differentially expressed genes were identified, including ACTA2, ACTC1, ACTG, ALDH1B1, AMY1A, C5orf13, CNN1, CXCR7, DDAH1, FGF1, PDLIM3, MAMLD1, MYH11, OXTR, PDLIM5, RARRES1, SERPINA3, TRIL, C14orf43, C1orf51, CXCL12, CXCL2, EGR2, EGR3, IER3, interleukin (IL)8, IRF1, JUNB, MMP1, NAV2, NFKBIA, NFKBIZ, TRIB1, WNT16 and ZC3H12A. It was observed that the expression of the candidate gene IL8 in the CAFs of breast invasive cancer following treatment with Taxotere was increased (P<0.05). Overall, elevated expression of IL8 induced by Taxotere in CAFs potentially supports the association between IL8 and chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingliang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Rong
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Hua Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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