101
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Freyermuth-Trujillo X, Segura-Uribe JJ, Salgado-Ceballos H, Orozco-Barrios CE, Coyoy-Salgado A. Inflammation: A Target for Treatment in Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172692. [PMID: 36078099 PMCID: PMC9454769 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant cause of disability, and treatment alternatives that generate beneficial outcomes and have no side effects are urgently needed. SCI may be treatable if intervention is initiated promptly. Therefore, several treatment proposals are currently being evaluated. Inflammation is part of a complex physiological response to injury or harmful stimuli induced by mechanical, chemical, or immunological agents. Neuroinflammation is one of the principal secondary changes following SCI and plays a crucial role in modulating the pathological progression of acute and chronic SCI. This review describes the main inflammatory events occurring after SCI and discusses recently proposed potential treatments and therapeutic agents that regulate inflammation after insult in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Freyermuth-Trujillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City CP 06720, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Julia J. Segura-Uribe
- Subdirección de Gestión de la Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City CP 06720, Mexico
| | - Hermelinda Salgado-Ceballos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City CP 06720, Mexico
| | - Carlos E. Orozco-Barrios
- CONACyT-Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City CP 06720, Mexico
| | - Angélica Coyoy-Salgado
- CONACyT-Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City CP 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-2498-5223
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102
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Cui Z, Ruan Z, Zeng J, Sun J, Ye W, Xu W, Guo X, Zhang L, Song L. Lung‐specific exosomes for co‐delivery of
CD47
blockade and cisplatin for the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:2723-2731. [PMID: 36054073 PMCID: PMC9527158 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) and immune‐modulatory protein for myeloid cells has been implicated in cisplatin (CDDP) resistance. Exosome delivery of drugs has shown great potential for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of various diseases. In the current study, we explored the approach of co‐delivering CDDP and CD47 antibody with MDA‐MB‐231 cell‐derived exosome 231‐exo (CaCE) and assessed the phagocytosis activity of bone marrow flow cytometry derived macrophages (BMDM) against co‐cultured A549 cells. CD8+ T‐cell proliferation was examined with flow cytometry analysis. In vivo, we used the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor‐bearing mouse model and assessed survival rate, tumor weight, phagocytosis, and T‐cell proliferation, as well as cytokine levels in tumors analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA). Although co‐administration of CDDP with anti‐CD47 (CDDP and aCD47) showed a significant antitumor effect, CaCE had an even more dramatic anticancer effect in survival rate and tumor weight. We observed increased phagocytosis activity selectively against lung tumor cells in vivo and in vitro with exosome CaCE treatment. CaCE treatment also increased T‐cell proliferation compared to the vehicle treatment and co‐administration groups. Furthermore, immunostimulatory interleukin (IL)‐12p and interferon (IFN)‐γ were increased, whereas transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) were decreased, indicating the improved CDDP anticancer effect is related to a tumor microenvironmental change. Our study demonstrates a dramatically improved anticancer effect of CDDP when administered by exosome co‐delivery with anti‐CD47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhengshang Ruan
- Department of Infectious Disease XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Junxiang Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Wenjing Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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103
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Warner K, Ghaedi M, Chung DC, Jacquelot N, Ohashi PS. Innate lymphoid cells in early tumor development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:948358. [PMID: 36032129 PMCID: PMC9411809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.948358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune cells monitor, recognize, and eliminate transformed cells. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate counterparts of T cells that play a key role in many facets of the immune response and have a profound impact on disease states, including cancer. ILCs regulate immune responses by responding and integrating a wide range of signals within the local microenvironment. As primarily tissue-resident cells, ILCs are ideally suited to sense malignant transformation and initiate anti-tumor immunity. However, as ILCs have been associated with anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities in established tumors, they could potentially have dual functions during carcinogenesis by promoting or suppressing the malignant outgrowth of premalignant lesions. Here we discuss emerging evidence that shows that ILCs can impact early tumor development by regulating immune responses against transformed cells, as well as the environmental cues that potentially induce ILC activation in premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Warner
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Ghaedi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas C. Chung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Jacquelot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Pamela S. Ohashi,
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104
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Zhang Y, Lim D, Cai Z, Peng J, Jia B, Chu G, Zhang F, Dong C, Feng Z. Valproic acid counteracts polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-induced tumorigenic effects by regulating the polarization of macrophages. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113779. [PMID: 35751934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common persistent organic pollutants that are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, causing a variety of harm to human health. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of how valproic acid (VPA) interferes with the carcinogenesis of PAHs protect normal tissues via the regulation of macrophages' function. Using the established model of transformed malignant breast cancer by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a representative PAH carcinogen, we discovered VPA induces the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype in the tumor tissues, facilitates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α, activates CD8+ T cells to secret Granzyme B thus to promote the apoptosis of tumor cells and suppresses the viability of vascular endothelial cells in tissue stroma of tumor. Surprisingly, VPA selectively induces macrophages to polarize towards the M2 phenotype in normal tissues and promotes the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 to enhance cell proliferation. Additionally, at the cellular level, VPA can directly regulate the polarization of macrophages to affect the growth of vascular endothelial cells by simulating the living conditions of tumor and normal cells. Collectively, VPA exerts an interventional effect on tumor growth and a protective effect on normal tissues by regulation of selective macrophages' polarization in their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - David Lim
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zuchao Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Junxuan Peng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Beidi Jia
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guoliang Chu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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105
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Yao L, Wu L, Wang R, Liu Y, Luo F, Zhang Y, Chen G. Liposome-Based Carbohydrate Vaccine for Simultaneously Eliciting Humoral and Cellular Antitumor Immunity. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:975-981. [PMID: 35833848 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA)-based cancer vaccines achieved promising results, whereas missing the T cell-mediated cellular immune response is still a crucial problem to be solved. Here, we have developed Tn antigen (GalNAc)-modified liposome-encapsulated TLR9 agonist CpG ODN adjuvant as a cancer vaccine. The glyco-liposome vaccines exhibit strong binding ability with an anti-Tn specific antibody and enhance antigen presentation of both bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and spleen B cells. In vivo immunogenicity studies have demonstrated that the glyco-liposome vaccines can significantly enhance the generation of high anti-Tn antigen antibody titers and further induce a Th1-dependent cellular immune response, evidenced by IFN-γ secretion in an immune coculture of immunized T cells with Tn-expression 4T1 cancer cells. Collectively, our results highlight a liposome-based carbohydrate vaccine as a promising platform, which can simultaneously elicit both humoral and cellular antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintong Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Libin Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rujin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Colorectal Cancer Centre, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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106
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B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia promotes an immune suppressive microenvironment that can be overcome by IL-12. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11870. [PMID: 35831470 PMCID: PMC9279427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), but the duration of responses is still sub-optimal. We sought to identify mechanisms of immune suppression in B-ALL and strategies to overcome them. Plasma collected from children with B-ALL with measurable residual disease after induction chemotherapy showed differential cytokine expression, particularly IL-7, while single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed the expression of genes associated with immune exhaustion in immune cell subsets. We also found that the supernatant of leukemia cells suppressed T-cell function ex vivo. Modeling B-ALL in mice, we observed an altered tumor immune microenvironment, including compromised activation of T-cells and dendritic cells (DC). However, recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12) treatment of mice with B-ALL restored the levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the bone marrow and increased the number of splenic and bone marrow resident T-cells and DCs. RNA-sequencing of T-cells isolated from vehicle and rIL-12 treated mice with B-ALL revealed that the leukemia-induced increase in genes associated with exhaustion, including Lag3, Tigit, and Il10, was abrogated with rIL-12 treatment. In addition, the cytolytic capacity of T-cells co-cultured with B-ALL cells was enhanced when IL-12 and blinatumomab treatments were combined. Overall, these results demonstrate that the leukemia immune suppressive microenvironment can be restored with rIL-12 treatment which has direct therapeutic implications.
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107
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Kirchhammer N, Trefny MP, Natoli M, Brücher D, Smith SN, Werner F, Koch V, Schreiner D, Bartoszek E, Buchi M, Schmid M, Breu D, Hartmann KP, Zaytseva P, Thommen DS, Läubli H, Böttcher JP, Stanczak MA, Kashyap AS, Plückthun A, Zippelius A. NK cells with tissue-resident traits shape response to immunotherapy by inducing adaptive antitumor immunity. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm9043. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm9043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
T cell–directed cancer immunotherapy often fails to generate lasting tumor control. Harnessing additional effectors of the immune response against tumors may strengthen the clinical benefit of immunotherapies. Here, we demonstrate that therapeutic targeting of the interferon-γ (IFN-γ)–interleukin-12 (IL-12) pathway relies on the ability of a population of natural killer (NK) cells with tissue-resident traits to orchestrate an antitumor microenvironment. In particular, we used an engineered adenoviral platform as a tool for intratumoral IL-12 immunotherapy (AdV5–IL-12) to generate adaptive antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that AdV5–IL-12 is capable of inducing the expression of CC-chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) in CD49a
+
NK cells both in tumor mouse models and tumor specimens from patients with cancer. AdV5–IL-12 imposed CCL5-induced type I conventional dendritic cell (cDC1) infiltration and thus increased DC-CD8 T cell interactions. A similar observation was made for other IFN-γ–inducing therapies such as Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade. Conversely, failure to respond to IL-12 and PD-1 blockade in tumor models with low CD49a
+
CXCR6
+
NK cell infiltration could be overcome by intratumoral delivery of CCL5. Thus, therapeutic efficacy depends on the abundance of NK cells with tissue-resident traits and, specifically, their capacity to produce the DC chemoattractant CCL5. Our findings reveal a barrier for T cell–focused therapies and offer mechanistic insights into how T cell–NK cell–DC cross-talk can be enhanced to promote antitumor immunity and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kirchhammer
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel P. Trefny
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marina Natoli
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Brücher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sheena N. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Werner
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Koch
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Schreiner
- Immune Cell Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ewelina Bartoszek
- Microscopy Core Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Buchi
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schmid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Breu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Polina Zaytseva
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela S. Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan P. Böttcher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Michal A. Stanczak
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abhishek S. Kashyap
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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108
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Invariant NKT cells dictate antitumor immunity elicited by a bispecific antibody cotargeting CD3 and BCMA. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5165-5170. [PMID: 35830292 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD3-engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as powerful therapeutic approaches by their ability to redirect T cells to eliminate tumor cells in an MHC-independent manner. However, it remains largely unknown how we can potentiate the efficacy of BsAbs. To address this, we investigated immunological mechanisms of action of a BsAb co-targeting CD3 and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in syngeneic preclinical myeloma models. Treatment with the CD3/BCMA BsAb stimulated multiple CD3-expressing T cell subsets, as well as natural killer (NK) cells in the myeloma bone marrow (BM), highlighting its broad immunostimulatory effect. Notably, the BsAb-mediated immunostimulatory and anti-tumor effects were abrogated in mice lacking invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. Mechanistically, activation of iNKT cells and IL-12 production from dendritic cells (DCs) were crucial upstream events for triggering effective anti-tumor immunity by the BsAb. Myeloma progression was associated with reduced numbers of BM iNKT cells. Importantly, the therapeutic efficacy of a single dose of the CD3/BCMA BsAb was remarkably augmented by restoring iNKT cell activity using adoptive transfer of α-galactosylceramide-loaded DCs. Together, these results reveal iNKT cells as a critical player for the anti-tumor activity of CD3-engaging BsAbs, providing important translational implications.
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109
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Li T, Liu Z, Fu X, Chen Y, Zhu S, Zhang J. Co-delivery of Interleukin-12 and Doxorubicin Loaded Nano-delivery System for Enhanced Immunotherapy with Polarization toward M1-type Macrophages. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177:175-183. [PMID: 35811038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemo-immunotherapy has gained increasing attention as one of the most promising combination therapy strategies to battle cancer. In this study, the therapeutic nanoparticles (TNPs) co-delivering doxorubicin (DOX) and IL-12 (IL-12) were developed for chemo-immunotherapy combination therapy on liver cancer. TNPs were synthesized based on the ionic interactions between cationic chitosan (Ch) and anionic poly-(glutamic acid) (PGA). DOX and IL-12 loaded in TNPs presented prolonged circulation in blood, efficient accumulation in tumors, and internalization in tumor cells. After that, DOX and IL-12 were co-released in the tumor microenvironment. The locally responsive property of TNPs could subsequently re-educate macrophages. More significantly, TNPs with no obvious side effects can remarkably inhibit the H22 tumor growth in vivo. A low dosage of loaded IL-12 in TNPs can effectively polarize macrophages toward the M1 phenotype to reduce tumor burden, further enhancing the antitumor efficacy. Our results suggest that the self-stabilized TNPs could be a secure and effective drug carrier for intravenous administration when deprived of protective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushuai Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214013, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214013, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214013, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210033, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214013, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214013, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214013, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214013, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214013, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, PR China.
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110
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Mansurov A, Hosseinchi P, Chang K, Lauterbach AL, Gray LT, Alpar AT, Budina E, Slezak AJ, Kang S, Cao S, Solanki A, Gomes S, Williford JM, Swartz MA, Mendoza JL, Ishihara J, Hubbell JA. Masking the immunotoxicity of interleukin-12 by fusing it with a domain of its receptor via a tumour-protease-cleavable linker. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:819-829. [PMID: 35534574 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have shown modest efficacy against immunologically 'cold' tumours. Interleukin-12 (IL-12)-a cytokine that promotes the recruitment of immune cells into tumours as well as immune cell activation, also in cold tumours-can cause severe immune-related adverse events in patients. Here, by exploiting the preferential overexpression of proteases in tumours, we show that fusing a domain of the IL-12 receptor to IL-12 via a linker cleavable by tumour-associated proteases largely restricts the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-12 to tumour sites. In mouse models of subcutaneous adenocarcinoma and orthotopic melanoma, masked IL-12 delivered intravenously did not cause systemic IL-12 signalling and eliminated systemic immune-related adverse events, led to potent therapeutic effects via the remodelling of the immune-suppressive microenvironment, and rendered cold tumours responsive to immune-checkpoint inhibition. We also show that masked IL-12 is activated in tumour lysates from patients. Protease-sensitive masking of potent yet toxic cytokines may facilitate their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslan Mansurov
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peyman Hosseinchi
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Chang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abigail L Lauterbach
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura T Gray
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron T Alpar
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erica Budina
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna J Slezak
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seounghun Kang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shijie Cao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ani Solanki
- Animal Resource Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suzana Gomes
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Melody A Swartz
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Ishihara
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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111
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Minnar CM, Chariou PL, Horn LA, Hicks KC, Palena C, Schlom J, Gameiro SR. Tumor-targeted interleukin-12 synergizes with entinostat to overcome PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-resistant tumors harboring MHC-I and APM deficiencies. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004561. [PMID: 35764364 PMCID: PMC9240938 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has achieved unprecedented success in treating multiple cancer types. However, clinical benefit remains modest for most patients with solid malignancies due to primary or acquired resistance. Tumor-intrinsic loss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and aberrations in antigen processing machinery (APM) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) pathways have been shown to play an important role in ICB resistance. While a plethora of combination treatments are being investigated to overcome ICB resistance, there are few identified preclinical models of solid tumors harboring these deficiencies to explore therapeutic interventions that can bypass ICB resistance. Here, we investigated the combination of the epigenetic modulator entinostat and the tumor-targeted immunocytokine NHS-IL12 in three different murine tumor models resistant to αPD-1/αPD-L1 (anti-programmed cell death protein 1/anti-programmed death ligand 1) and harboring MHC-I, APM, and IFN-γ response deficiencies and differing tumor mutational burden (TMB). Methods Entinostat and NHS-IL12 were administered to mice bearing TC-1/a9 (lung, HPV16 E6/E7+), CMT.64 lung, or RVP3 sarcoma tumors. Antitumor efficacy and survival were monitored. Comprehensive tumor microenvironment (TME) and spleen analysis of immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines was performed. Additionally, whole transcriptomic analysis was carried out on TC-1/a9 tumors. Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were analyzed for translational relevance. Results We demonstrate that the combination of entinostat and NHS-IL12 therapy elicits potent antitumor activity and survival benefit through prolonged activation and tumor infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, across αPD-1/αPD-L1 refractory tumors irrespective of TMB, including in the IFN-γ signaling-impaired RVP3 tumor model. The combination therapy promoted M1-like macrophages and activated antigen-presenting cells while decreasing M2-like macrophages and regulatory T cells in a tumor-dependent manner. This was associated with increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), and CXCL13 in the TME. Further, the combination therapy synergized to promote MHC-I and APM upregulation, and enrichment of JAK/STAT (janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription), IFN-γ-response and antigen processing-associated pathways. A biomarker signature of the mechanism involved in these studies is associated with patients’ overall survival across multiple tumor types. Conclusions Our findings provide a rationale for combining the tumor-targeting NHS-IL12 with the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat in the clinical setting for patients unresponsive to αPD-1/αPD-L1 and/or with innate deficiencies in tumor MHC-I, APM expression, and IFN-γ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Minnar
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul L Chariou
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucas A Horn
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin C Hicks
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia Palena
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sofia R Gameiro
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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112
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Shemesh A, Pickering H, Roybal KT, Lanier LL. Differential IL-12 signaling induces human natural killer cell activating receptor-mediated ligand-specific expansion. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213307. [PMID: 35758909 PMCID: PMC9240274 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-12 is an essential cytokine involved in the generation of memory or memory-like NK cells. Mouse cytomegalovirus infection triggers NK receptor-induced, ligand-specific IL-12-dependent NK cell expansion, yet specific IL-12 stimulation ex vivo leading to NK cell proliferation and expansion is not established. Here, we show that IL-12 alone can sustain human primary NK cell survival without providing IL-2 or IL-15 but was insufficient to promote human NK cell proliferation. IL-12 signaling analysis revealed STAT5 phosphorylation and weak mTOR activation, which was enhanced by activating NK receptor upregulation and crosslinking leading to STAT5-dependent, rapamycin-sensitive, or TGFβ-sensitive NK cell IL-12-dependent expansion, independently of IL-12 receptor upregulation. Prolonged IL-2 culture did not impair IL-12-dependent ligand-specific NK cell expansion. These findings demonstrate that activating NK receptor stimulation promotes differential IL-12 signaling, leading to human NK cell expansion, and suggest adopting strategies to provide IL-12 signaling in vivo for ligand-specific IL-2-primed NK cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishai Shemesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Harry Pickering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kole T. Roybal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA,Gladstone University of California, San Francisco Institute for Genetic Immunology, San Francisco, CA,University of California, San Francisco Cell Design Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lewis L. Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA,Correspondence to Lewis L. Lanier:
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Lee JY, Nguyen B, Mukhopadhyay A, Han M, Zhang J, Gujar R, Salazar J, Hermiz R, Svenson L, Browning E, Lyerly HK, Canton DA, Fisher D, Daud A, Algazi A, Skitzki J, Twitty CG. Amplification of the CXCR3/CXCL9 axis via intratumoral electroporation of plasmid CXCL9 synergizes with plasmid IL-12 therapy to elicit robust anti-tumor immunity. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 25:174-188. [PMID: 35592387 PMCID: PMC9092072 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have demonstrated that local expression of the cytokine IL-12 drives interferon-gamma expression and recruits T cells to the tumor microenvironment, ultimately yielding durable systemic T cell responses. Interrogation of longitudinal biomarker data from our late-stage melanoma trials identified a significant on-treatment increase of intratumoral CXCR3 transcripts that was restricted to responding patients, underscoring the clinical relevance of tumor-infiltrating CXCR3+ immune cells. In this study, we sought to understand if the addition of DNA-encodable CXCL9 could augment the anti-tumor immune responses driven by intratumoral IL-12. We show that localized IL-12 and CXCL9 treatment reshapes the tumor microenvironment to promote dendritic cell licensing and CD8+ T cell activation. Additionally, this combination treatment results in a significant abscopal anti-tumor response and provides a concomitant benefit to anti-PD-1 therapies. Collectively, these data demonstrate that a functional tumoral CXCR3/CXCL9 axis is critical for IL-12 anti-tumor efficacy. Furthermore, restoring or amplifying the CXCL9 gradient in the tumors via intratumoral electroporation of plasmid CXCL9 can not only result in efficient trafficking of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells into the tumor but can also reshape the microenvironment to promote systemic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Y. Lee
- Oncosec Medical Incorporated, 3565 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Bianca Nguyen
- Oncosec Medical Incorporated, 3565 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Mia Han
- Oncosec Medical Incorporated, 3565 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Oncosec Medical Incorporated, 3565 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ravindra Gujar
- Oncosec Medical Incorporated, 3565 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jon Salazar
- Oncosec Medical Incorporated, 3565 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Reneta Hermiz
- Oncosec Medical Incorporated, 3565 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lauren Svenson
- Oncosec Medical Incorporated, 3565 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Erica Browning
- Oncosec Medical Incorporated, 3565 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - H. Kim Lyerly
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David A. Canton
- Oncosec Medical Incorporated, 3565 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
- Corresponding author David A Canton, Oncosec Medical Incorporated, 3565 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Daniel Fisher
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Adil Daud
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alain Algazi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joseph Skitzki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Cao X, Lai SWT, Chen S, Wang S, Feng M. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for cancer immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 368:61-108. [PMID: 35636930 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant immune components in the tumor microenvironment and play a plethora of roles in regulating tumorigenesis. Therefore, the therapeutic targeting of TAMs has emerged as a new paradigm for immunotherapy of cancer. Herein, the review summarizes the origin, polarization, and function of TAMs in the progression of malignant diseases. The understanding of such knowledge leads to several distinct therapeutic strategies to manipulate TAMs to battle cancer, which include those to reduce TAM abundance, such as depleting TAMs or inhibiting their recruitment and differentiation, and those to harness or boost the anti-tumor activities of TAMs such as blocking phagocytosis checkpoints, inducing antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and reprogramming TAM polarization. In addition, modulation of TAMs may reshape the tumor microenvironment and therefore synergize with other cancer therapeutics. Therefore, the rational combination of TAM-targeting therapeutics with conventional therapies including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other immunotherapies is also reviewed. Overall, targeting TAMs presents itself as a promising strategy to add to the growing repertoire of treatment approaches in the fight against cancer, and it is hopeful that these approaches currently being pioneered will serve to vastly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
| | - Seigmund W T Lai
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Sadira Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mingye Feng
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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115
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Roles for macrophage-polarizing interleukins in cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:333-353. [PMID: 35587857 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant and one of the most critical cells of tumor immunity. They provide a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity through releasing cytokines into the tumor microenvironment (TME). A number of interleukin (IL) cytokine family members is involved in shaping the final phenotype of macrophages toward either a classically-activated pro-inflammatory M1 state with anti-tumor activity or an alternatively-activated anti-inflammatory M2 state with pro-tumor activity. Shaping TME macrophages toward the M1 phenotype or recovering this phenotypic state may offer a promising therapeutic approach in patients with cancer. Here, we focus on the impact of macrophage-polarizing ILs on immune cells and IL-mediated cellular cross-interactions within the TME. The key aim of this review is to define therapeutic schedules for addressing ILs in cancer immunotherapy based on their multi-directional impacts in such a milieu. Gathering more knowledge on this area is also important for defining adverse effects related to cytokine therapy and addressing them for reinforcing the efficacy of immunotherapy against cancer.
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116
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Atallah-Yunes SA, Robertson MJ. Cytokine Based Immunotherapy for Cancer and Lymphoma: Biology, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872010. [PMID: 35529882 PMCID: PMC9067561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines regulate both the innate and adaptive immune responses to cancer. Although antitumor activity has been seen for several cytokines in preclinical models, they have had limited success as single therapeutic agents in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy. However, the possible combinations of cytokines with other immune therapeutics and the advancement in genetic engineering, synthetic biology and cellular and immune therapy has led to the revival of interest in cytokines as anticancer agents. This article will review several immunostimulatory cytokines with anticancer activity, focusing on the those that have been studied in treatment of lymphoma and highlighting recent advances of potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheil Albert Atallah-Yunes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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117
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Skin Inflammation Modulation via TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-12 Family Inhibitors Therapy and Cancer Control in Patients with Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095198. [PMID: 35563587 PMCID: PMC9100023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic inflammatory syndrome concept is one of the foundations that stand at the basis of revolutionary modern and future therapies, based on the in-depth understanding of the delicate mechanisms that govern the collaboration between the systems and organs of the human body and, at the same time, the fine balance that ensures a reproach-free operation. An interesting concept that we propose is that of the environment-inadequacy status, a concept that non-specifically incorporates all the situations of the organism's response disorders in the face of imprecisely defined situations of the environment. The correlation between these two concepts will define the future of modern medicine, along with the gene-adjustment mechanisms. Psoriasis is a clear example of an inadequate body response as a result of exposure to as of yet undefined triggers with an excessive systemic inflammatory reaction and hitherto insufficiently controllable. Modern biological therapies, such as TNF-α, IL-12 family, and IL-17 inhibitors, are intended to profoundly reshape the cytokine configuration of patients with inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, with tremendous success in disease control. Yet, because of the important roles of cytokines in cancer promotion and control, concern was raised about the fact that the use of biologicals may alter immune surveillance and promote cancer progression. Both theoretical and practical data nevertheless showed that the treatment-induced control of cytokines may be beneficial for reducing the inflammatory milieu that promotes cancer and such have a beneficial role in maintaining health. We briefly present the intricate roles of those cytokine families on cancer control, with some debates on if their inhibition might or might not promote additional tumoral development.
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118
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Valenzuela-Cardenas M, Gowan C, Dryja P, Bartee MY, Bartee E. TNF blockade enhances the efficacy of myxoma virus-based oncolytic virotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004770. [PMID: 35577502 PMCID: PMC9114862 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) represents a method to treat a variety of solid tumors by inducing antitumor immune responses. While this therapy has been extremely efficacious in preclinical models, translating these successes into human patients has proven challenging. One of the major reasons for these failures is the existence of immune-regulatory mechanisms, which dampen the efficacy of virally induced antitumor immunity. Unfortunately, the full extent of these immune-regulatory pathways remains unclear. METHODS To address this issue, we generated a doubly recombinant, oncolytic myxoma virus which expresses both a soluble fragment of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and an interleukin 12 (IL-12) fusion protein (vPD1/IL-12 (virus-expressing PD1 and IL-12)). We then tested the molecular impact and therapeutic efficacy of this construct in multiple models of disseminated disease to identify novel pathways, which are associated with poor therapeutic outcomes. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that vPD1/IL-12 causes robust inflammation during therapy including inducing high levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Surprisingly, although expression of TNF has generally been assumed to be beneficial to OV, the presence of this TNF appears to inhibit therapeutic efficacy by reducing intratumoral T-cell viability. Likely because of this, disruption of the TNF pathway, either through genetic knockout or antibody-based blockade, significantly enhances the overall outcomes of vPD1/IL-12-based therapy that allows for the generation of complete cures in normally non-responsive models. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that some aspects of OV-induced inflammation might represent a double-edged sword during therapy and that specific blockade of TNF might enhance the efficacy of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Valenzuela-Cardenas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Cody Gowan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinical, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Parker Dryja
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Mee Y Bartee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Eric Bartee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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119
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Wei F, Cheng XX, Xue JZ, Xue SA. Emerging Strategies in TCR-Engineered T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850358. [PMID: 35432319 PMCID: PMC9006933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of cancer has made tremendous progress in recent years, as demonstrated by the remarkable clinical responses obtained from adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of patient-derived tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells (CAR-T) and T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells (TCR-T). TCR-T uses specific TCRS optimized for tumor engagement and can recognize epitopes derived from both cell-surface and intracellular targets, including tumor-associated antigens, cancer germline antigens, viral oncoproteins, and tumor-specific neoantigens (neoAgs) that are largely sequestered in the cytoplasm and nucleus of tumor cells. Moreover, as TCRS are naturally developed for sensitive antigen detection, they are able to recognize epitopes at far lower concentrations than required for CAR-T activation. Therefore, TCR-T holds great promise for the treatment of human cancers. In this focused review, we summarize basic, translational, and clinical insights into the challenges and opportunities of TCR-T. We review emerging strategies used in current ACT, point out limitations, and propose possible solutions. We highlight the importance of targeting tumor-specific neoAgs and outline a strategy of combining neoAg vaccines, checkpoint blockade therapy, and adoptive transfer of neoAg-specific TCR-T to produce a truly tumor-specific therapy, which is able to penetrate into solid tumors and resist the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We believe such a combination approach should lead to a significant improvement in cancer immunotherapies, especially for solid tumors, and may provide a general strategy for the eradication of multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Cheng
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, China
| | - John Zhao Xue
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, China
| | - Shao-An Xue
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, China
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120
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Hossian AKMN, Hackett CS, Brentjens RJ, Rafiq S. Multipurposing CARs: Same engine, different vehicles. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1381-1395. [PMID: 35151842 PMCID: PMC9077369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells genetically engineered to recognize and eliminate tumor cells through synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy against B cell leukemia over the past decade. This therapy is a form of highly personalized medicine that involves genetically modifying a patient's T cells to recognize and kill cancer cells. With the FDA approval of 5 CAR T cell products, this approach has been validated as a powerful new drug in the therapeutic armamentarium against cancer. Researchers are now studying how to expand this technology beyond its use in conventional polyclonal αβ T cells to address limitations to the current therapy in cancer and applications beyond it. Considering the specific characteristics of immune cell from diverse lineages, several preclinical and clinical studies are under way to assess the advantages of CAR-redirected function in these cells and apply the lessons learned from CAR T cell therapy in cancer to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Nawshad Hossian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christopher S Hackett
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Sarwish Rafiq
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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O'Connell P, Blake MK, Pepelyayeva Y, Hyslop S, Godbehere S, Angarita AM, Pereira-Hicks C, Amalfitano A, Aldhamen YA. Adenoviral delivery of an immunomodulatory protein to the tumor microenvironment controls tumor growth. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:180-193. [PMID: 35036523 PMCID: PMC8741417 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted modulation of the immune system against tumors can achieve responses in otherwise refractory cancers, which has spurred efforts aimed at optimizing such strategies. To this end, we have previously investigated cancer immunotherapy approaches using recombinant adenovirus vectors, as well as via modulation of the self-ligand receptor SLAMF7. Here, we present a gene transfer-based immunotherapy approach using targeted expression of a SLAMF7-Fc fusion construct directly into tumors at high concentrations via a recombinant adenoviral vector (Ad-SF7-Fc). Using multiple murine cancer models, we show that Ad-SF7-Fc can induce tumor control via augmentation of innate immunity; specifically, induction of type I interferons and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Analogously, we find that modulating SLAMF7 signaling via an adenoviral vector expressing its intracellular adaptor, EAT-2, is also capable of inducing tumor control. Finally, we employ a novel in vivo prediction approach and dataset integration with machine learning to dissect how Ad-SF7-Fc modulates cell-type-specific responses in the tumor microenvironment to achieve tumor control. Thus, our novel combinatorial cancer immunotherapy highlights the benefit of multimodal immune modulation and lays a framework for combination with complementary approaches capable of inducing adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4194 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Maja K. Blake
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4194 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yuliya Pepelyayeva
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4194 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sean Hyslop
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4194 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Godbehere
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4194 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ariana M. Angarita
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4194 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Cristiane Pereira-Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4194 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4194 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yasser A. Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, 4194 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Acidified Metastatic Melanoma Cells Stimulate Growth, Migration, and Stemness of Normal Keratinocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030660. [PMID: 35327461 PMCID: PMC8945455 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a highly malignant tumor. Melanoma cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contribute to the growth, metastasis, and malignancy of neighboring cells by transfer of tumor-promoting miRNAs, mRNA, and proteins. Melanoma microenvironment acidification promotes tumor progression and determines EVs’ properties. We studied the influence of EVs derived from metastatic melanoma cells cultivated at acidic (6.5) and normal (7.4) pH on the morphology and homeostasis of normal keratinocytes. Acidification of metastatic melanoma environment made EVs more prooncogenic with increased expression of prooncogenic mi221 RNA, stemless factor CD133, and pro-migration factor SNAI1, as well as with downregulated antitumor mir7 RNA. Incubation with EVs stimulated growth and migration both of metastatic melanoma cells and keratinocytes and changed the morphology of keratinocytes to stem-like phenotype, which was confirmed by increased expression of the stemness factors KLF and CD133. Activation of the AKT/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways and increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR and SNAI1 were detected in keratinocytes upon incubation with EVs. Moreover, EVs reduced the production of different cytokines (IL6, IL10, and IL12) and adhesion factors (sICAM-1, sICAM-3, sPecam-1, and sCD40L) usually secreted by keratinocytes to control melanoma progression. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the correlation between decreased expression of these secreted factors and worse survival prognosis for patients with metastatic melanoma. Altogether, our data mean that metastatic melanoma EVs are important players in the transformation of normal keratinocytes.
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Maintenance and gene electrotransfer efficiency of antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmids encoding mouse, canine and human interleukin-12 orthologues. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08879. [PMID: 35265755 PMCID: PMC8899673 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a cytokine used as a therapeutic molecule in cancer immunotherapy. Gene electrotransfer mediated delivery of IL-12 gene has reached clinical evaluation in the USA using a plasmid that in addition to IL-12 gene also carry an antibiotic resistance gene needed for its production in bacteria. In Europe however, European Medicines Agency recommends against the use of antibiotics during the production of clinical grade plasmids. We have prepared several antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmids using an antibiotic-free selection strategy called operator-repressor titration, including plasmids encoding mouse, canine and human IL-12 orthologues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maintenance of these plasmids in bacterial culture and test their transfection efficiency using gene electrotransfer. Plasmid maintenance was evaluated by determining plasmid yields and topologies after subculturing transformed bacteria. Transfection efficiency was evaluated by determining the plasmid copy number, expression and cytotoxicity after gene electrotransfer to mouse, canine and human melanoma cells. The results demonstrated that our IL-12 plasmids without an antibiotic resistance gene are stably maintained in bacteria and provide sufficient IL-12 expression after in vitro gene electrotransfer; therefore, they have the potential to proceed to further in vivo evaluation studies.
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Holder PG, Lim SA, Huang CS, Sharma P, Dagdas YS, Bulutoglu B, Sockolosky JT. Engineering interferons and interleukins for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114112. [PMID: 35085624 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are a class of potent immunoregulatory proteins that are secreted in response to various stimuli and act locally to regulate many aspects of human physiology and disease. Cytokines play important roles in cancer initiation, progression, and elimination, and thus, there is a long clinical history associated with the use of recombinant cytokines to treat cancer. However, the use of cytokines as therapeutics has been limited by cytokine pleiotropy, complex biology, poor drug-like properties, and severe dose-limiting toxicities. Nevertheless, cytokines are crucial mediators of innate and adaptive antitumor immunity and have the potential to enhance immunotherapeutic approaches to treat cancer. Development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination immunotherapies has reinvigorated interest in cytokines as therapeutics, and a variety of engineering approaches are emerging to improve the safety and effectiveness of cytokine immunotherapy. In this review we highlight recent advances in cytokine biology and engineering for cancer immunotherapy.
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Kumar A, Naithani M, Kumar N, Singh N, Agrawal S, Sharma A, Thapliyal S, Singh J, Handu S. Piperlongumine inhibits diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211073593. [PMID: 35113675 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211073593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Piperlongumine (PL) has been claimed to have cytotoxic and HCC inhibitory effects in various cancer cell lines and xenograft models, but the chemopreventive potential of PL has not been studied in experimentally induced HCC yet. RESEARCH DESIGN Twenty-four Wistar male rats were divided into four groups of six each, Group A: untreated control; Group B: Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) control (200 mg/kg), Group C: DEN + PL 10 mg/kg; and Group D: DEN + PL 20 mg/kg. Rats from all groups were assessed for liver cancer progression or inhibition by evaluating biochemical, cytokines, tumor markers, lipid peroxidation, and histological profiles. RESULTS The liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, and lipid peroxidation were significantly decreased in Group C and Group D compared to Group B. Upregulation in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1B, TNF-α, inflammatory mediator (NF-κB) and tumour marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in Group B were brought down upon treatment with piperlongumine in a dose-dependent manner. Antitumor cytokine (IL-12) was upregulated in PL-treated rats compared to DEN control rats. DEN treated group (Group B) showed histological features of HCC, and in rats treated with PL (Groups C, D) partial to complete reversal to normal liver histoarchitecture was observed. CONCLUSIONS The potential chemopreventive actions of piperlongumine may be due to its free radical scavenging and antiproliferative effect. Therefore, piperlongumine may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Manisha Naithani
- Department of Biochemistry, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Shruti Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Ambika Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, 80499DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Surabhi Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmacology, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Jagjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Shailendra Handu
- Department of Pharmacology, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
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Vesicular IFN-γ as a cooperative attacker to enhance anti-cancer effect of 5-fluorouracil via thymidine phosphorylase upregulation and tumor microenvironment normalization. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 40:102501. [PMID: 34843983 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of immuno-modulating effect and upregulating the activity of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) as a cooperative attacker was explored to enhance the anticancer activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We designed and prepared a self-assembled nano-vesicular system IFN-γ-EDP formulated by amphiphilic poly((polyethylene glycol)(dodecylphosphoethanolamine)phosphazene) (EDP) to entrap IFN-γ in the hydrophilic cavity. The IFN-γ-EDP vesicles allowed IFN-γ to accumulate at the tumor site and be taken up by tumor cells, resulting in significantly upregulated expression level of TP, distinct inhibition of cell growth, more cellular apoptosis and more serious cell cycle arrest when administrated combined with 5-FU. Moreover, IFN-γ-EDP could normalize the tumor microenvironment by enhancing the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations, promoting the IL-12 secretion and suppressing the IL-10 secretion in tumor. As a consequence, the combination therapy of IFN-γ-EDP with 5-FU achieved remarkably enhanced tumor inhibition rate of 56.9% against CT26 colorectal cancer.
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Yasmin-Karim S, Ziberi B, Wirtz J, Bih N, Moreau M, Mueller R, Anisworth V, Hesser J, Makrigiorgos GM, Chuong MD, Wei XX, Nguyen PL, Ngwa W. Boosting the Abscopal Effect Using Immunogenic Biomaterials With Varying Radiation Therapy Field Sizes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 112:475-486. [PMID: 34530092 PMCID: PMC8750216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Persistent immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment is a major limitation to boosting the abscopal effect, whereby radiation therapy at 1 site can lead to regression of tumors at distant sites. Here, we investigate the use of radiation and immunogenic biomaterials (IBM) targeting only the gross tumor volume/subvolume for boosting the abscopal effect in immunologically cold tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS To evaluate the abscopal effect, 2 syngeneic contralateral tumors were implanted in each mouse, where only 1 tumor was treated. IBM was administered to the treated tumor with 1 fraction of radiation and results were compared, including as a function of different radiation therapy field sizes. The IBM was designed similar to fiducial markers using immunogenic polymer components loaded with anti-CD40 agonist. Tumor volumes of both treated and untreated tumors were measured over time, along with survival and corresponding immune cell responses. RESULTS Results showed that radiation with IBM administered to the gross tumor subvolume can effectively boost abscopal responses in both pancreatic and prostate cancers, significantly increasing survival (P < .0001 and P < .001, respectively). Results also showed equal or superior abscopal responses when using field sizes smaller than the gross tumor volume compared with irradiating the whole tumor volume. These results were buttressed by observation of higher infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes in the treated tumors (P < .0001) and untreated tumors (P < .0001) for prostate cancer. Significantly higher infiltration was also observed in treated tumors (P < .0001) and untreated tumors P < .01) for pancreatic cancer. Moreover, the immune responses were accompanied by a positive shift of proinflammatory cytokines in both prostate and pancreatic tumors. CONCLUSIONS The approach targeting gross tumor subvolumes with radiation and IBM offers opportunity for boosting the abscopal effect while significantly minimizing healthy tissue toxicity. This approach proffers a radioimmunotherapy dose-painting strategy that can be developed for overcoming current barriers of immunosuppression especially for immunologically cold tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeda Yasmin-Karim
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Corresponding author: Name: Sayeda Yasmin-Karim, (S.Y.)
| | - Bashkim Ziberi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,University of Tetova, Tetova, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Johanna Wirtz
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Medical Faculty of University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Noella Bih
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michele Moreau
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Romy Mueller
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Data Analysis and Modeling in Medicine, Mannheim Institute for Intelligent Systems in Medicine (MIISM), Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victoria Anisworth
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juergen Hesser
- Data Analysis and Modeling in Medicine, Mannheim Institute for Intelligent Systems in Medicine (MIISM), Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Mike Makrigiorgos
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael D Chuong
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao Wei
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul L. Nguyen
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
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Yu DL, Lou ZP, Ma FY, Najafi M. The interactions of paclitaxel with tumour microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108555. [PMID: 35121223 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Today, it is well-known that the interactions and secretion within the tumour are crucial to consider for cancer therapy. Some novel cancer therapy modalities such as immunotherapy or tumour vaccination therapy work based on the control of interactions within the tumour microenvironment (TME). It has been revealed that anti-cancer drugs or radiotherapy can modulate some interactions in favour of cancer therapy. However, they may induce some mechanisms to increase the resistance of cancer cells to therapy. Paclitaxel is known as the first approved herbal derived chemotherapy drug. Although the main known anti-cancer effect of paclitaxel is the inhibition of the cell cycle, today, it has been well known that paclitaxel may suppress the tumour via modulating several interactions in TME. Furthermore, paclitaxel may increase the expression of some tumour resistance drivers. This review aims to discuss the interactions within TME following treatment with paclitaxel. The effects of paclitaxel on the anti-tumour immunity, immunosuppressive cells, hypoxia, and also angiogenesis will be discussed. The targeting of these interactions may be interesting to increase therapy efficiency using the combination modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Li Yu
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China.
| | - Zhi-Ping Lou
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Feng-Yun Ma
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Savid-Frontera C, Viano ME, Baez NS, Reynolds D, Matellon M, Young HA, Rodriguez-Galan MC. Safety levels of systemic IL-12 induced by cDNA expression as a cancer therapeutic. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:115-133. [PMID: 34783257 PMCID: PMC8739399 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this work is to utilize a gene expression procedure to safely express systemic IL-12 and evaluate its effects in mouse tumor models. Materials & methods: Secondary lymphoid organs and tumors from EL4 and B16 tumor-bearing mice were analyzed by supervised and unsupervised methods. Results: IL-12 cDNA induced systemic IL-12 protein levels lower than the tolerated dose in patients. Control of tumor growth was observed in subcutaneous B16 and EL4 tumors. Systemic IL-12 expression induced a higher frequency of both total tumor-infiltrated CD45+ cells and proliferative IFN-γ+CD8+ T cells along with a lower frequency of CD4+FOXP3+ and CD11b+Gr-1+ cells. Conclusion: This approach characterizes the systemic effects of IL-12, helping to improve treatment of metastases or solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Savid-Frontera
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Maria E Viano
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Baez
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Della Reynolds
- Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 USA
| | - Mariana Matellon
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Howard A Young
- Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201 USA
| | - Maria C Rodriguez-Galan
- Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
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130
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Interleukin-12 as an in situ cancer vaccine component: a review. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2057-2065. [PMID: 35024897 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a type I cytokine involved in both innate and adaptive immunity that stimulates T and natural killer cell activity and induces interferon gamma production. IL-12 has been identified as a potential immunotherapeutic component for combinatorial cancer treatments. While IL-12 has successfully been used to treat a variety of cancers in mice, it was associated with toxicity when administered systemically in cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the research findings and progress of IL-12 used in combination with other cancer treatment modalities. We describe different methods of IL-12 delivery, both systemic and local, and ultimately highlight the potential of an in situ vaccination approach for minimizing toxicities and providing antitumor efficacy. This review offers a basis for pursuing an in situ vaccine approach that may eventually allow IL-12 to be more readily integrated as an immunotherapy into the clinical treatment of cancers.
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Xue D, Moon B, Liao J, Guo J, Zou Z, Han Y, Cao S, Wang Y, Fu YX, Peng H. A tumor-specific pro-IL-12 activates preexisting cytotoxic T cells to control established tumors. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi6899. [PMID: 34995098 PMCID: PMC9009736 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is a challenge to effectively reactivate preexisting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) without causing severe toxicity. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can potently activate lymphocytes, but its clinical use is limited by its short half-life and dose-related toxicity. In this study, we developed a tumor-conditional IL-12 (pro-IL-12), which masked IL-12 with selective extracellular receptor–binding domains of the IL-12 receptor while preferentially and persistently activating TILs after being unmasked by matrix metalloproteinases expressed by tumors. Systemic delivery of pro-IL-12 demonstrated reduced toxicity but better control of established tumors compared with IL-12-Fc. Mechanistically, antitumor responses induced by pro-IL-12 were dependent on TILs and IFNγ. Furthermore, direct binding of IL-12 to IL-12R on CD8+, not CD4+, T cells was essential for maximal effectiveness. Pro-IL-12 improved the efficacy of both immune checkpoint blockade and targeted therapy when used in combination. Therefore, our study demonstrated that pro-IL-12 could rejuvenate TILs, which then combined with current treatment modalities while limiting adverse effects for treating established tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyuan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Benjamin Moon
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Jing Liao
- G uangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Jingya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfei Han
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuaishuai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Immune Targeting Inc, Dallas, Texas 75247
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Palano MT, Gallazzi M, Cucchiara M, Dehò F, Capogrosso P, Bruno A, Mortara L. The tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer: an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectors. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:694-718. [PMID: 36338516 PMCID: PMC9630328 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts as the most common non-cutaneous disease affecting males, and as the first cancer, for incidence, in male. With the introduction of the concept of immunoscore, PCa has been classified as a cold tumor, thus driving the attention in the development of strategies aimed at blocking the infiltration/activation of immunosuppressive cells, while favoring the infiltration/activation of anti-tumor immune cells. Even if immunotherapy has revolutionized the approaches to cancer therapy, there is still a window failure, due to the immune cell plasticity within PCa, that can acquire pro-tumor features, subsequent to the tumor microenvironment (TME) capability to polarize them. This review discussed selected relevant soluble factors [transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-23] and cellular components of the innate immunity, as drivers of tumor progression, immunosuppression, and angiogenesis within the PCa-TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Dehò
- Unit of Urology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Unit of Urology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy,Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy,Correspondence: Antonino Bruno,
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy,Lorenzo Mortara, . Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Taurine and N-Bromotaurine in Topical Treatment of Psoriasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:99-111. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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134
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Nguyen KG, Wagner ES, Vrabel MR, Mantooth SM, Meritet DM, Zaharoff DA. Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Intravesical Chitosan/Interleukin-12 Immunotherapy in Murine Bladders. Bladder Cancer 2021; 7:427-437. [PMID: 38993985 PMCID: PMC11181725 DOI: 10.3233/blc-211542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravesical administration of interleukin 12 (IL-12) co-formulated with the biopolymer, chitosan (CS/IL-12), has demonstrated remarkable antitumor activity against preclinical models of bladder cancer. However, given historical concerns regarding severe toxicities associated with systemic IL-12 administration in clinical trials, it is important to evaluate the safety of intravesical CS/IL-12 prior to clinical translation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacokinetics as well as the local and systemic toxicities of intravesical CS/IL-12 immunotherapy in laboratory mice. METHODS Local inflammatory responses in mouse bladders treated with intravesical IL-12 or CS/IL-12 were assessed via histopathology. Serum cytokine levels following intravesical and subcutaneous (s.c.) administrations of IL-12 or CS/IL-12 in laboratory mice were compared. Systemic toxicities were evaluated via body weight and liver enzyme levels. RESULTS Intravesical IL-12 and CS/IL-12 treatments did not induce significant local or systemic toxicity. IL-12 dissemination and exposure from intravesical administration was significantly lower compared to s.c. injections. Weekly intravesical CS/IL-12 treatments were well-tolerated and did not result in blunted immune responses. CONCLUSIONS Intravesical CS/IL-12 is safe and well-tolerated in mice. In particular, the lack of cystitis and acute inflammation justifies continued investigation of intravesical CS/IL-12 immunotherapy in larger animals and patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khue G. Nguyen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ethan S. Wagner
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Maura R. Vrabel
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Siena M. Mantooth
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Danielle M. Meritet
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David A. Zaharoff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
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135
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Callera A, Callera F, Brito AA, Oliveira CR, Bachi ALL, Vieira RP. Evaluation of cytokine profile in the different phases of the autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma. Transpl Immunol 2021; 70:101513. [PMID: 34896201 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is of fundamental importance in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Nevertheless, due to its toxicity, it decreases the number of bone marrow cells available, altering the cell interactions and causing an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Thus, we determined the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in samples of patients with MM obtained from the different phases of ASCT. RESULTS In summary, the cytokines levels varied considering the different phases of ASCT. The levels of IL-1ra tend to increase in the post-apheresis period suggesting an anti-inflammatory role induced by the apheresis process. A response characterized by the increase in the concentrations of IL-5 and IL-8 was observed in the post-conditioning bone marrow aplasia phase. The rise in IL-5 levels was not correlated with any clinical or laboratory event in this framework; IL-8 was associated with positive blood cultures and seems to have an effect against microbial agents. The increase in the levels of IL-10 and IL-12 suggests a possible regulatory effect of the inflammatory response in the period of bone marrow recovery and IL-12 seems to be inversely associated with the presence of minimal residual disease. CONCLUSIONS Apheresis process seems to induce an anti-inflammatory response, followed by a pro-inflammatory response and a stimulus for granulocytes differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Callera
- Centro de Hematologia do Vale, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Rocha Oliveira
- Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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136
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Pan J, Ma N, Zhong J, Yu B, Wan J, Zhang W. Age-associated changes in microglia and astrocytes ameliorate blood-brain barrier dysfunction. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:970-986. [PMID: 34760339 PMCID: PMC8561003 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is associated with an accumulation of neurotoxic molecules and increased infiltration of peripheral cells within the brain parenchyma. Accruing evidence suggests that microglia and astrocytes play a crucial role in the recovery of BBB integrity and the corralling of infiltrating cells into clusters after brain damage, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Intriguingly, the results of flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analyses have shown that BBB permeability to peripheral cells is substantially enhanced during normal aging at 12 months in mice. Thus, we used the SMART-seq2 method to perform RNA sequencing of microglia and astrocytes at five time points before and immediately after the BBB permeability change. Our comprehensive analyses revealed that microglia are characterized by marked alterations in the negative regulation of protein phosphorylation and phagocytic vesicles, whereas astrocytes show elevated enzyme or peptidase-inhibitor activity in the recovery of BBB function. Moreover, we identified a cassette of key genes that might ameliorate the insults of pathophysiological events in aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nana Ma
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PRC
| | - Wei Zhang
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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137
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Leleux JA, Albershardt TC, Reeves R, James R, Krull J, Parsons AJ, ter Meulen J, Berglund P. Intratumoral expression of IL-12 from lentiviral or RNA vectors acts synergistically with TLR4 agonist (GLA) to generate anti-tumor immunological memory. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259301. [PMID: 34855754 PMCID: PMC8638928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic interleukin-12 (IL12) anti-tumor therapy is highly potent but has had limited utility in the clinic due to severe toxicity. Here, we present two IL12-expressing vector platforms, both of which can overcome the deficiencies of previous systemic IL12 therapies: 1) an integrating lentiviral vector, and 2) a self-replicating messenger RNA formulated with polyethyleneimine. Intratumoral administration of either IL12 vector platform resulted in recruitment of immune cells, including effector T cells and dendritic cells, and the complete remission of established tumors in multiple murine models. Furthermore, concurrent intratumoral administration of the synthetic TLR4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid A formulated in a stable emulsion (GLA-SE) induced systemic memory T cell responses that mediated complete protection against tumor rechallenge in all survivor mice (8/8 rechallenged mice), whereas only 2/6 total rechallenged mice treated with intratrumoral IL12 monotherapy rejected the rechallenge. Taken together, expression of vectorized IL12 in combination with a TLR4 agonist represents a varied approach to broaden the applicability of intratumoral immune therapies of solid tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/pharmacology
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunologic Memory/drug effects
- Immunologic Memory/genetics
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Interleukin-12/blood
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Lipid A/pharmacology
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/agonists
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jardin A. Leleux
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Tina C. Albershardt
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Reeves
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Reice James
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jordan Krull
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Andrea J. Parsons
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jan ter Meulen
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Peter Berglund
- Immune Design Corp., Seattle, WA, A wholly owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
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138
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Jiménez-Morales S, Aranda-Uribe IS, Pérez-Amado CJ, Ramírez-Bello J, Hidalgo-Miranda A. Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Tumor Evasion: Focus on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737340. [PMID: 34867958 PMCID: PMC8636671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy with high heterogeneity in its biological features and treatments. Although the overall survival (OS) of patients with ALL has recently improved considerably, owing to the application of conventional chemo-therapeutic agents, approximately 20% of the pediatric cases and 40-50% of the adult patients relapse during and after the treatment period. The potential mechanisms that cause relapse involve clonal evolution, innate and acquired chemoresistance, and the ability of ALL cells to escape the immune-suppressive tumor response. Currently, immunotherapy in combination with conventional treatment is used to enhance the immune response against tumor cells, thereby significantly improving the OS in patients with ALL. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of immune evasion by leukemia cells could be useful for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Sammir Aranda-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Carlos Jhovani Pérez-Amado
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julian Ramírez-Bello
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
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139
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Mu QG, Lin G, Jeon M, Wang H, Chang FC, Revia RA, Yu J, Zhang M. Iron oxide nanoparticle targeted chemo-immunotherapy for triple negative breast cancer. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2021; 50:149-169. [PMID: 34987308 PMCID: PMC8722574 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer is difficult to treat effectively, due to its aggressiveness, drug resistance, and lack of the receptors required for hormonal therapy, particularly at the metastatic stage. Here, we report the development and evaluation of a multifunctional nanoparticle formulation containing an iron oxide core that can deliver doxorubicin, a cytotoxic agent, and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly IC), a TLR3 agonist, in a targeted and simultaneous fashion to both breast cancer and dendritic cells. Endoglin-binding peptide (EBP) is used to target both TNBC cells and vasculature epithelia. The nanoparticle demonstrates favorable physicochemical properties and a tumor-specific targeting profile. The nanoparticle induces tumor apoptosis through multiple mechanisms including direct tumor cell killing, dendritic cell-initiated innate and T cell-mediated adaptive immune responses. The nanoparticle markedly inhibits tumor growth and metastasis and substantially extends survival in an aggressive and drug-resistant metastatic mouse model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study points to a promising platform that may substantially improve the therapeutic efficacy for treating metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin gxin Mu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Guanyou Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mike Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Fei-Chien Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard A Revia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine-Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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140
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Huppert LA, Mariotti V, Chien AJ, Soliman HH. Emerging immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 191:243-255. [PMID: 34716870 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has resulted in unprecedented gains in long-term outcomes for many cancer types and has revolutionized the treatment landscape of solid tumor oncology. Checkpoint inhibition in combination with chemotherapy has proven to be effective for the treatment of a subset of advanced triple-negative breast cancer in the first-line setting. This initial success is likely just the tip of the iceberg as there is much that remains unknown about how to best harness the immune system as a therapeutic strategy in all breast cancer subtypes. Therefore, numerous ongoing studies are currently underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy in breast cancer. In this review, we will discuss emerging immunotherapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment including the following: (1) Intratumoral therapies, (2) Anti-tumor vaccines, (3) B-specific T-cell engagers, and (4) Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and (5) Emerging systemic immunotherapy strategies. For each topic, we will review the existing preclinical and clinical literature, discuss ongoing clinical trials, and highlight future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Huppert
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - A Jo Chien
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hatem H Soliman
- Department of Breast Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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141
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Thaker PH, Bradley WH, Leath CA, Gunderson Jackson C, Borys N, Anwer K, Musso L, Matsuzaki J, Bshara W, Odunsi K, Alvarez RD. GEN-1 in Combination with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Phase I Dose-escalation Study. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5536-5545. [PMID: 34326131 PMCID: PMC9338778 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE GEN-1 (phIL-12-005/PPC), an IL12 plasmid formulated with polyethyleneglycol-polyethyleneimine cholesterol lipopolymer, has preclinical activity when combined with platinum-taxane intravenous chemotherapy and administered intraperitoneally in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) models. OVATION I was a multicenter, nonrandomized, open-label phase IB trial to evaluate the safety, preliminary antitumor activity, and immunologic response to GEN-1 in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) carboplatin-paclitaxel in patients with advanced EOC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 18 patients with newly diagnosed stage IIIC and IV EOC were enrolled. A standard 3+3 dose-escalation design tested four GEN-1 doses (36, 47, 61, 79 mg/m2) to determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). GEN-1 was administered in eight weekly intraperitoneal infusions starting at cycle 1 week 2 in combination with three 21-day cycles of NACT carboplatin AUC 6 and weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2. RESULTS The most common treatment-emergent adverse events at least possibly related were nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain/cramping, anorexia, diarrhea, and vomiting. Eight patients experience grade 4 neutropenia attributed to NACT. No DLTs occurred. A total of 14 patients were evaluable for response and 12 (85.7%) had radiological response (two complete response and 10 partial response) prior to debulking; nine were R0 at debulking and one patient had complete pathologic response. IL12 and its downstream cytokine, IFNγ, increased in peritoneal washings but not as much in blood. Increased levels of myeloid dendritic cells and T-effector memory cells in peritoneal fluid, plus elevated CD8+ T cells and reduced immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment were found. A median time to treatment failure of 18.4 months (95% confidence interval, 9.2-24.5) was observed in the intention-to-treat population. CONCLUSIONS Adding GEN-1 to standard NACT is safe, appears active, and has an impact on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premal H Thaker
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | | | - Charles A Leath
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wiam Bshara
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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142
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Kułach N, Pilny E, Cichoń T, Czapla J, Jarosz-Biej M, Rusin M, Drzyzga A, Matuszczak S, Szala S, Smolarczyk R. Mesenchymal stromal cells as carriers of IL-12 reduce primary and metastatic tumors of murine melanoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18335. [PMID: 34526531 PMCID: PMC8443548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to immunosuppressive properties and confirmed tropism towards cancer cells mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been used in many trials. In our study we used these cells as carriers of IL-12 in the treatment of mice with primary and metastatic B16-F10 melanomas. IL-12 has confirmed anti-cancer activity, induces a strong immune response against cancer cells and acts as an anti-angiogenic agent. A major limitation of the use of IL-12 in therapy is its systemic toxicity. The aim of the work was to develop a system in which cytokine may be administered intravenously without toxic side effects. In this study MSC were used as carriers of the IL-12. We confirmed antitumor effectiveness of the cells secreting IL-12 (MSC/IL-12) in primary and metastatic murine melanoma models. We observed inhibition of tumor growth and a significant reduction in the number of metastases in mice after MSC/IL-12 administration. MSC/IL-12 decreased vascular density and increased the number of anticancer M1 macrophages and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in tumors of treated mice. To summarize, we showed that MSC are an effective, safe carrier of IL-12 cytokine. Administered systemically they exert therapeutic properties of IL-12 cytokine without toxicity. Therapeutic effect may be a result of pleiotropic (proinflammatory and anti-angiogenic) properties of IL-12 released by modified MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kułach
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pilny
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cichoń
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Justyna Czapla
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jarosz-Biej
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Rusin
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Alina Drzyzga
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sybilla Matuszczak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Stanisław Szala
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Smolarczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Street 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
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143
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Burkard T, Dreis C, Herrero San Juan M, Huhn M, Weigert A, Pfeilschifter JM, Radeke HH. Enhanced CXCR4 Expression of Human CD8 Low T Lymphocytes Is Driven by S1P 4. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668884. [PMID: 34504486 PMCID: PMC8421764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the human immune response to cancer is naturally potent, it can be severely disrupted as a result of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Infiltrating regulatory T lymphocytes contribute to this immunosuppression by inhibiting proliferation of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, which are key to an effective anti-cancer immune response. Other important contributory factors are thought to include metabolic stress caused by the local nutrient deprivation common to many solid tumors. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), an alarmin released in reaction to cell damage, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are known to control cell positioning and differentiation of T lymphocytes. In an in vitro model of nutrient deprivation, we investigated the influence of IL-33 and S1P receptor 4 (S1P4) on the differentiation and migration of human CD8+ T lymphocytes. Serum starvation of CD8+ T lymphocytes induced a subset of CD8Low and IL-33 receptor-positive (ST2L+) cells characterized by enhanced expression of the regulatory T cell markers CD38 and CD39. Both S1P1 and S1P4 were transcriptionally regulated after stimulation with IL-33. Moreover, expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 was increased in CD8+ T lymphocytes treated with the selective S1P4 receptor agonist CYM50308. We conclude that nutrient deprivation promotes CD8Low T lymphocytes, contributing to an immunosuppressive microenvironment and a poor anti-cancer immune response by limiting cytotoxic effector functions. Our results suggest that S1P4 signaling modulation may be a promising target for anti-CXCR4 cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Burkard
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Caroline Dreis
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Martina Herrero San Juan
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Meik Huhn
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Josef M Pfeilschifter
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Heinfried H Radeke
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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144
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Ge Y, Wang H, Ren J, Liu W, Chen L, Chen H, Ye J, Dai E, Ma C, Ju S, Guo ZS, Liu Z, Bartlett DL. Oncolytic vaccinia virus delivering tethered IL-12 enhances antitumor effects with improved safety. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000710. [PMID: 32209602 PMCID: PMC7103801 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is arguably the most effective current cancer therapy approach; however, its efficacy is limited to patients with "hot" tumors, warranting an effective approach to transform "cold" tumors. Oncolytic viruses (especially properly armed ones) have positive effects on almost every aspect of the cancer-immunity cycle and can change the cancer-immune set point of a tumor. Here, we tested whether oncolytic vaccinia virus delivering tethered interleukin 12 (IL-12) could turn a "cold" tumor into a "hot" tumor while avoiding IL-12's systemic toxicity. Our data demonstrated that tethered IL-12 could be maintained in the tumor without treatment-induced toxic side effects. Moreover, the treatment facilitated tumor infiltration of more activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and less Tregs, granulocytic myeloid-derivedsuppressor cells, and exhausted CD8+ T cells, with increased interferon γ and decreased transforming growth factor β, cyclooxygenase-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, leading to transformed, immunogenic tumors and improved survival. Combined with programmed cell death 1 blockade, vaccinia virus expressing tethered IL-12 cured all mice with late-stage colon cancer, suggesting immediate translatability to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ge
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lingjuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongqi Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Ye
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Enyong Dai
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Congrong Ma
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Songguang Ju
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA .,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA .,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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145
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Hicks KC, Chariou PL, Ozawa Y, Minnar CM, Knudson KM, Meyer TJ, Bian J, Cam M, Schlom J, Gameiro SR. Tumour-targeted interleukin-12 and entinostat combination therapy improves cancer survival by reprogramming the tumour immune cell landscape. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5151. [PMID: 34446712 PMCID: PMC8390765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poorly inflamed carcinomas do not respond well to immune checkpoint blockade. Converting the tumour microenvironment into a functionally inflamed immune hub would extend the clinical benefit of immune therapy to a larger proportion of cancer patients. Here we show, by using comprehensive single-cell transcriptome, proteome, and immune cell analysis, that Entinostat, a class I histone deacetylase inhibitor, facilitates accumulation of the necrosis-targeted recombinant murine immune-cytokine, NHS-rmIL12, in experimental mouse colon carcinomas and poorly immunogenic breast tumours. This combination therapy reprograms the tumour innate and adaptive immune milieu to an inflamed landscape, where the concerted action of highly functional CD8+ T cells and activated neutrophils drive macrophage M1-like polarization, leading to complete tumour eradication in 41.7%-100% of cases. Biomarker signature of favourable overall survival in multiple human tumor types shows close resemblance to the immune pattern generated by Entinostat/NHS-rmIL12 combination therapy. Collectively, these findings provide a rationale for combining NHS-IL12 with Entinostat in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin C Hicks
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul L Chariou
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yohei Ozawa
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine M Minnar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karin M Knudson
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Bian
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sofia R Gameiro
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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146
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Wang HY, Chang YC, Hu CW, Kao CY, Yu YA, Lim SK, Mou KY. Development of a Novel Cytokine Vehicle Using Filamentous Phage Display for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2087-2095. [PMID: 34342970 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to its highly immunogenic nature and the great engineerability, filamentous phage has shown promising antitumor activities in preclinical studies. Previous designs of antitumor phage mainly focused on tumor targeting using a cancer-specific moiety displayed on the minor capsid protein, pIII. In this work, we developed a new therapeutic platform of filamentous phage, in which the major capsid protein pVIII was utilized for displaying an antitumor cytokine. We showcased that a 16.1-kD cytokine GM-CSF could be efficiently presented on the M13 phage particle using the 8 + 8 type display system through a highly tolerable pVIII variant P8(1a). We verified that the GM-CSF phage was a potent activator for STAT5 signaling in murine macrophage. The GM-CSF phage significantly reduced the tumor size by more than 50% as compared to the unmodified phage in a murine colorectal cancer model. Immunological profiling of the tumor-infiltrating leukocytes revealed that an increase of CD4+ lymphocytes in the GM-CSF phage treatment group. Furthermore, the combined therapy of the GM-CSF phage and radiation greatly improved the therapeutic potency with a 100% survival rate and a 25% complete remission rate. We observed that the IFN-γ expression was dramatically up-regulated by the combined therapy in multiple types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Overall, we created a novel vehicle for cytokine therapy using the pVIII filamentous phage display. This new platform can be multiplexed with other phage engineering approaches, such as displaying targeting ligands on pIII or encapsulating therapeutic genes inside phage capsids, to create multifunctional nanoparticles for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ying Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - You-Chiun Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yao-An Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - See-Khai Lim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kurt Yun Mou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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147
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Kim YJ, Kim BK, Park SJ, Kim JH. Impact of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the gastrointestinal tract on natural killer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4879-4889. [PMID: 34447232 PMCID: PMC8371507 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i29.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Natural killer (NK) cells are involved in early defense mechanisms to kill infective pathogens and tumor cells by releasing chemokines and cytokines. To better understand the relationship between the gut microbiome and CRC, it was hypothesized here that a high abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in the gastrointestinal tract could cause reduced NK cell activity.
AIM To identify associations between gastrointestinal tract F. nucleatum levels and NK cell activity.
METHODS In vitro experiments were performed on NK cells treated with F. nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Parvimonas micra to identify the effects of gut microbiome species on NK cells. Following 24 and 48 h of treatment, NK cell counts were measured. In parallel studies, C57BL/6 mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics in their drinking water to reduce resident gut flora. After 3 wk, the mice received the various bacterial species or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via oral gavage every 2 d for 6 wk. At the study end, blood samples were acquired to perform NK cell activity assessment and cytokine analysis. Intestinal tissues were collected and analyzed via immunohistochemistry (IHC).
RESULTS The data show that after 3 wk of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, levels of total bacteria and F. nucleatum were markedly decreased in mice. Gavage of F. nucleatum significantly decreased NK cell activity relative to the activities of cells from mice treated with antibiotics only and PBS. The administration of F. nucleatum decreased the proportion of NK46+ cells based on IHC staining and increased the production of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α.
CONCLUSION High levels of F. nucleatum in the gastrointestinal tract reduced NK cell activity in mice, and the decrease in NK cell activity might be affected by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines after F. nucleatum treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ji Kim
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Spain
| | - Bu Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, South Korea
| | - Seun Ja Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, South Korea
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148
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Are cachexia-associated tumors transmitTERS of ER stress? Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1841-1853. [PMID: 34338294 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is associated with deficient response to chemotherapy. On the other hand, the tumors of cachectic patients remarkably express more chemokines and have higher immune infiltration. For immunogenicity, a strong induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is necessary. UPR followed by cell surface exposure of calreticulin on the dying tumor cell is essential for its engulfment by macrophages and dendritic cells. However, some tumor cells upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can release factors that induce ER stress to other cells, in the so-called transmissible ER stress (TERS). The cells that received TERS produce more interleukin 6 (IL-6) and chemokines and acquire resistance to subsequent ER stress, nutrient deprivation, and genotoxic stress. Since ER stress enhances the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), we suggest they can mediate TERS. It was found that ER stressed cachexia-inducing tumor cells transmit factors that trigger ER stress in other cells. Therefore, considering the role of EVs in cancer cachexia, the release of exosomes can possibly play a role in the process of blunting the immunogenicity of the cachexia-associated tumors. We propose that TERS can cause an inflammatory and immunosuppressive phenotype in cachexia-inducing tumors.
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149
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Briukhovetska D, Dörr J, Endres S, Libby P, Dinarello CA, Kobold S. Interleukins in cancer: from biology to therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:481-499. [PMID: 34083781 PMCID: PMC8173513 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukins and associated cytokines serve as the means of communication for innate and adaptive immune cells as well as non-immune cells and tissues. Thus, interleukins have a critical role in cancer development, progression and control. Interleukins can nurture an environment enabling and favouring cancer growth while simultaneously being essential for a productive tumour-directed immune response. These properties of interleukins can be exploited to improve immunotherapies to promote effectiveness as well as to limit side effects. This Review aims to unravel some of these complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Briukhovetska
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Janina Dörr
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Munich, Germany.
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany.
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150
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A novel method for the development of plasmid DNA-loaded nanoliposomes for cancer gene therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1508-1520. [PMID: 34322851 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to develop a simple yet novel method to prepare plasmid DNA-loaded nanoliposomes for cancer gene therapy. Murine interleukin-12 (mIL-12) pDNA-loaded nanoliposomes were prepared via novel freeze-drying of a monophase solution method. The physicochemical characteristics, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficiency of the prepared nanoliposomes in murine CT-26 colon carcinoma cells were evaluated. Furthermore, tumor progression and survival rate in CT-26 colon carcinoma-bearing BALB/c mice subsequent to direct intratumoral injections were investigated over a period of 40 days. Using this preparation method, nanoliposomes with particle size of around 300 nm and zeta potential of 96.5 mV were obtained. The transmission electron microscope results showed that the liposomes were nano-sized and almost spherical. The agarose gel retardation assay revealed the pDNA encapsulation in the nanoliposomes. The nanoliposomes with 72.4% encapsulation efficiency and low cell toxicity could significantly improve mIL-12 expression by approximately 25-fold relative to the naked mIL-12 pDNA. There was a significant tumor growth inhibition after repeated injections of mIL-12 pDNA-loaded nanoliposomes. This is the first study on the freeze-drying of a monophase solution method as a simple yet novel technique for the preparation of pDNA-loaded nanoliposomes. Given the ease of preparation method and promising in vitro and in vivo characteristics, this investigation demonstrates advances in pDNA lipid formulation for cancer gene therapy.
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