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Rayamajhi S, Aryal S. Surface functionalization strategies of extracellular vesicles. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4552-4569. [PMID: 32377649 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00744g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-protein bilayer vesicular constructs secreted to the extracellular spaces by cells. All cells secrete EVs as a regular biological process that appears to be conserved throughout the evolution. Owing to the rich molecular cargo of EVs with specific lipid and protein content and documented role in cellular communication, EVs have been exploited as a versatile agent in the biomedical arena, including as diagnostic, drug delivery, immunomodulatory, and therapeutic agents. With these multifaceted applications in the biomedical field, the functionalization of EVs to add diverse functionality has garnered rapid attention. EVs can be functionalized with an exogenous imaging and targeting moiety that allows for the target specificity and the real-time tracking of EVs for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Importantly, such added functionalities can be used to explore EVs' biogenesis pathway and their role in cellular communication, which can lead to a better understanding of EVs' cellular mechanisms and processes. In this report, we have reviewed the existing surface functionalization strategies of EVs and broadly classified them into three major approaches: physical, biological, and chemical approaches. The physical approach of EV functionalization includes methods like sonication, extrusion, and freeze-thaw that can change the surface properties of EVs via membrane rearrangements. The biological approach includes genetically and metabolically engineering cells to express protein or cargo molecules of interest in secreted EVs. The chemical approach includes different facile click type chemistries that can be used to covalently conjugate the EV lipid or protein construct with different linker groups for diverse functionality. Different chemistries like thiol-maleimide, EDC/NHS, azide-alkyne cycloaddition, and amidation chemistry have been discussed to functionalize EVs. Finally, a comparative discussion of all approaches has been done focusing on the significance of each approach. The collective knowledge of the major approach of surface functionalization can be used to improve the limitation of one technique by combining it with another. An optimized surface functionalization approach developed accordingly can efficiently add required functionality to EVs while maintaining their natural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Rayamajhi
- Department of Chemistry, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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102
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Chung KY, Quek JM, Neo SH, Too HP. Polymer-Based Precipitation of Extracellular Vesicular miRNAs from Serum Improve Gastric Cancer miRNA Biomarker Performance. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:610-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Maeda K, Sasaki H, Ueda S, Miyamoto S, Terada S, Konishi H, Kogata Y, Ashihara K, Fujiwara S, Tanaka Y, Tanaka T, Hayashi M, Ito Y, Kondo Y, Ochiya T, Ohmichi M. Serum exosomal microRNA-34a as a potential biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:47. [PMID: 32336272 PMCID: PMC7184688 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women, and thus an accurate diagnosis of the predisposition and its early detection is necessary. The aims of this study were to determine whether serum exosomal microRNA-34a (miR-34a) in ovarian cancer could be used as a potential biomarker. Methods Exosomes from OC patients’ serum were collected, and exosomal miRNAs were extracted. The relative expression of miR-34a was calculated from 58 OC samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Serum exosomal miR-34a levels were significantly increased in early-stage OC patients compared with advanced-stage patients. Its levels were significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those with no lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, its levels in the recurrence group were significantly lower than those in the recurrence-free group. Conclusions Serum exosomal miR-34a could be a potential biomarker for improving the diagnostic efficiency of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoko Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Konishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kogata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ashihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoe Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kondo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Ohmichi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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Shi J, Ren Y, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Liu Y. Circulating miR-3135b and miR-107 are potential biomarkers for severe hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2020; 35:343-350. [PMID: 32327699 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a disease relating to multiple etiological factors. However, the molecular mechanisms of severe hypertension remain unclear. Whole-body circulatory dysregulation has been found to contribute to hypertension, documenting that circulating molecules are focused as pathological molecules implicated in hypertension. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as important molecular biomarkers for hypertension. We screened and analyzed miRNAs differentially expressed in plasma in patients with severe hypertension and healthy controls using microarray profiling (six patients and six healthy controls for screening) and RT-qPCR (33 patients and 33 healthy controls for validation). We identified that miR-3135b and miR-107 are the differentially expressed miRNAs between severe hypertension and healthy controls, and the target genes independently regulated by the two miRNAs are remarkably different. MiR-3135b and miR-107 are potential biomarkers for severe hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yaxuan Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yunkai Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Makler A, Asghar W. Exosomal biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and patient monitoring. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:387-400. [PMID: 32067543 PMCID: PMC7071954 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1731308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on using exosomes as biomarkers for cancer detection. Exosomes are 40-150 nm-sized extracellular vesicles released by all cell types, including tumor cells. Exosomes are stable in body fluids due to their lipid bilayer member and often contain DNA, RNA, and proteins. These exosomes can be harvested from blood, plasma, serum, urine, or saliva and analyzed for tumor-relevant mutations. Thus, exosomes provide an alternative to current methods of tumor detection.Areas covered: This review discusses the use of exosomal diagnostics in various tumor types as well as their examination in various clinical trials. The authors also discuss the limitations of exosome-based diagnostics in the clinical setting and provide examples of several studies in which the development and usage of microfluidic chips and nano-sensing devices have been utilized to address these obstacles.Expert commentary: In recent years, exosomes and their contents have exhibited potential as novel tumor detection markers despite the labor involved in their harvest and isolation. Despite this, much work is being done to optimize exosome capture and analysis. Thus, their roles as biomarkers in the clinical setting appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Makler
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
- Department of Biological Sciences (courtesy appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
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Ohzawa H, Saito A, Kumagai Y, Kimura Y, Yamaguchi H, Hosoya Y, Lefor AK, Sata N, Kitayama J. Reduced expression of exosomal miR‑29s in peritoneal fluid is a useful predictor of peritoneal recurrence after curative resection of gastric cancer with serosal involvement. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1081-1088. [PMID: 32323853 PMCID: PMC7057811 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The peritoneal surface is the most frequent site of metastasis disease in patients with gastric cancer. Even after curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, peritoneal recurrences often develop. Exosomes play pivotal roles in tumor metastasis via the transfer of microRNAs (miRNAs). In the present study, exosomes were isolated from peritoneal lavage fluid or ascites in 85 patients with gastric cancer and the relative expression levels of miR-29s were examined. The expression of miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3p in peritoneal exosomes were all downregulated in patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) compared to those without PM. In 30 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy with serosa-involved (T4) gastric cancer, 6 patients exhibited recurrence in the peritoneum within 12 months. The expression levels of miR-29s at gastrectomy tended to be lower in these 6 patients than in the other 24 patients with significant differences in miR-29b-3p (P=0.003). When the patients were divided into two groups based on median levels of miR-29s, peritoneal recurrence developed more frequently in patients with low expression of miR-29b-3p, and lower expression of miR-29s were related with worse overall survival. miR-29s are thought to play a suppressive role in the growth of disseminated peritoneal tumor cells. Reduced expression of miR-29b in peritoneal exosomes is a strong risk factor of developing postoperative peritoneal recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ohzawa
- Center for Clinical Research, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329‑0498, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329‑0498, Japan
| | - Yuko Kumagai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329‑0498, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329‑0498, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329‑0498, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hosoya
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329‑0498, Japan
| | - Alan Kawarai Lefor
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329‑0498, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329‑0498, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Center for Clinical Research, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329‑0498, Japan
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Wang M, Su Z, Amoah Barnie P. Crosstalk among colon cancer-derived exosomes, fibroblast-derived exosomes, and macrophage phenotypes in colon cancer metastasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:106298. [PMID: 32058925 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular crosstalk is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and cancers. One significant means by which cells communicate with each other is through the release of exosomes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles formed by the outward budding of plasma membranes, which are then released from cells into the extracellular space. Many studies have suggested that microvesicles released by colon cancer cells initiate crosstalk and modulate the fibroblast activities and macrophage phenotypes. Interestingly, crosstalk among colon cancer cells, macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts maximizes the mechanical composition of the stromal extracellular matrix (ECM). Exosomes contribute to cancer cell migration and invasion, which are critical for colon cancer progression to metastasis. The majority of the studies on colorectal cancers (CRCs) have focused on developing exosomal biomarkers for the early detection and prediction of CRC prognosis. This study highlights the crosstalk among colon cancer-derived exosomes, macrophage phenotypes and fibroblasts during colon cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Prince Amoah Barnie
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
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108
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Ohzawa H, Kumagai Y, Yamaguchi H, Miyato H, Sakuma Y, Horie H, Hosoya Y, Kawarai Lefor A, Sata N, Kitayama J. Exosomal microRNA in peritoneal fluid as a biomarker of peritoneal metastases from gastric cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2020; 4:84-93. [PMID: 32021962 PMCID: PMC6992685 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Peritoneal metastases (PM) frequently occur in patients with gastric cancer and result in a poor prognosis. Exosomes play pivotal roles in tumor metastasis through the transfer of microRNAs (miRNAs). We examined the exosomal miRNA profile in peritoneal fluids to identify novel biomarkers to reflect tumor burden in the peritoneum. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from peritoneal fluids of patients of gastric cancer with macroscopic (P1) or microscopic (P0CY1) peritoneal metastasis (PM) and comprehensive miRNA expression analysis was carried out. Expressions of candidate miRNAs were then validated in all 58 samples using TaqMan Advanced miRNA Assays. RESULTS In initial screening, we carried out comprehensive analysis of exosomal miRNA using peritoneal fluids from 11 and 14 patients with or without PM, respectively, and identified 11 dysregulated miRNAs in PM (+) samples. Validation analysis showed that four miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-223-3p, and miR-342-3p) were significantly upregulated in 12 PM (+) samples, and their expression levels showed positive correlation with peritoneal cancer index. In contrast, miR-29 family were all downregulated in patients with PM (+) samples. Moreover, in 24 patients with pT4 tumor, miR-29 at gastrectomy tended to be lower in six patients with peritoneal recurrence with significant differences in miR-29b-3p (P = .012). CONCLUSION Expression pattern of miRNAs in peritoneal exosomes well reflects the tumor burden in the peritoneal cavity and could be a useful biomarker in the treatment of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ohzawa
- Center for Clinical ResearchJichi Medical University HospitalShimotsukeJapan
| | - Yuko Kumagai
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
- Department of Clinical OncologyJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Hideyo Miyato
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Yasunaru Sakuma
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Hisanaga Horie
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Yoshinori Hosoya
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Alan Kawarai Lefor
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Center for Clinical ResearchJichi Medical University HospitalShimotsukeJapan
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
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Integrative systematic review meta-analysis and bioinformatics identifies MicroRNA-21 and its target genes as biomarkers for colorectal adenocarcinoma. Int J Surg 2020; 73:113-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Techniques Associated with Exosome Isolation for Biomarker Development: Liquid Biopsies for Ovarian Cancer Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2055:181-199. [PMID: 31502152 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9773-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading gynecological malignancy worldwide. This is attributed to the fact that the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, where the survival rates drop from approximately 90% (detection at an early stage) to 20%. Furthermore, ovarian cancer is not associated with overt physical symptoms. Thus, there is an urgent need for a highly sensitive and minimally invasive biomarker for the early detection of ovarian cancer. However, this continues to remain an unmet clinical need, as several proposed techniques have shown low sensitivity and specificity, with poor positive and negative predictive values. The quest for an ideal biomarker has bought exosomes to the forefront. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles of an endocytic origin, which can encapsulate genetic information, in the form of proteins and miRNAs. They are released by multiple cell types and are involved in intercellular communication, through the transfer of their cargo. The process of exosome biogenesis allows for the packaging of molecules from both membranous and cytosolic origins. Therefore, exosomes are representations of the releasing cell, and thus provide an insight into the cellular environment. Furthermore, exosomal encapsulation of molecules such as proteins and miRNAs can prevent degradation, making exosomes an ideal biomarker source. Thus, this chapter provides an overview of ovarian cancer, the potential of exosomes as an early detection biomarker, and the different methods associated with the isolation of different vesicle subpopulations, and exosome enrichment.
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111
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Jiang Q, Liu Y, Wang L, Adkins GB, Zhong W. Rapid Enrichment and Detection of Extracellular Vesicles Enabled by CuS-Enclosed Microgels. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15951-15958. [PMID: 31742386 PMCID: PMC7417204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous vesicles that exist in nearly all biological fluids, including blood and urine; and carry a great number of cargo molecules such as protein, nucleic acids, and lipid. They may play important roles in cell-cell communication and modulation of pathological processes, which, however, are not yet well understood, calling for highly sensitive, specific, and rapid methods for EV detection and quantification in biological samples. Here, we report the CuS-enclosed microgels that not only help enrich EVs carrying specific protein markers from complex biomatrices, but also produce strong chemiluminescence (CL) to realize sensitive detection of the target EVs. A detection limit of 104 EV particles/mL was achieved with these microgels by targeting EV proteins like CD63 and HER2, with a dynamic range up to 108 particles/mL. Direct detection of EVs in human serum and cell culture medium without tedious sample preparation was demonstrated, consuming much less sample compared to ELISA and Western Blot. We envision that our method will be valuable for quick quantification of EVs in biological samples, benefiting disease monitoring and functional study.
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112
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MicroRNA expression profiling analysis in serum for nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis. Gene 2019; 727:144243. [PMID: 31743768 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating microRNAs have become reliable sources of non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. miRNA expression analysis in blood circulation for the identification of novel signatures might assist the early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. METHODS In the screening stage, the Exiqon miRNA qPCR panel was applied for the selection of candidate miRNAs. Serum samples taken from 208 NPC patients and 238 healthy donors (as normal controls (NCs)) were assigned to into the following three stages (training (30 NPC VS. 30 NCs), testing (138 NPC VS. 166 NCs) and external validation stage (40 NPC VS. 42 NCs)) for further confirmation of differently expressed miRNAs using qRT-PCR. The identified miRNA signatures were further explored in tissue specimens (48 NPC VS. 32 NCs) and serum-derived exosomes samples (32 NPC VS. 32 NCs). RESULTS Five miRNAs in serum including let-7b-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-192-5p, miR-223-3p and miR-24-3p were found to be significantly up-regulated in NPC patients compared to NCs. The five identified miRNAs were further combined into one panel and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) for three independent stages were 0.910 (training), 0.916 (testing) and 0.968 (external validation), respectively. miR-192-5p and miR-24-3p were consistently up-regulated in NPC tissues while let-7b-5p and miR-140-3p were conversely down-regulated. In serum-derived exosomes samples, no expression difference was observed between NPC patients and NCs. CONCLUSION A five-miRNA signature was identified in serum to be potential biomarkers for NPC detection.
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113
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Dai W, Zhou J, Wang H, Zhang M, Yang X, Song W. miR-424-5p promotes the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer by directly targeting SCN4B. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152731. [PMID: 31785995 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide usually diagnosed at advanced stages which causes poor prognosis of patients. Therefore, novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are urgently needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS miR-424-5p was identified through integrated analysis of three public databases. Loss-of-function experiments in HT29 and SW480 cells and mouse xenograft models were performed to explore the regulatory role of miR-424-5p in CRC. Bioinformatics analysis was used for predicting targets of miR-424-5p and its functional and pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS miR-424-5p expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines and associated with prognosis of CRC patients. Experiments in vitro and in vivo showed miR-424-5p promotes CRC cell proliferation and metastasis by directly inhibiting SCN4B. Besides, CRC cells secret miR-424-5p into peripheral blood through exosomes and circulating exosomal miR-424-5p could discriminate CRC patients with early stage from healthy people with AUC value of 0.82. CONCLUSIONS miR-424-5p serves as an oncogene in CRC and circulating exosomal miR-424-5p is a novel potential diagnostic biomarker of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Menghui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Xiaozhong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China.
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Chen F, Huang C, Wu Q, Jiang L, Chen S, Chen L. Circular RNAs expression profiles in plasma exosomes from early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma and the potential biomarkers. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2525-2533. [PMID: 31646690 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Falin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Chunli Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Qiumei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Shaoting Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Liangyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
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115
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Brunetti O, Gnoni A, Licchetta A, Longo V, Calabrese A, Argentiero A, Delcuratolo S, Solimando AG, Casadei-Gardini A, Silvestris N. Predictive and Prognostic Factors in HCC Patients Treated with Sorafenib. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100707. [PMID: 31640191 PMCID: PMC6843290 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib is an oral kinase inhibitor that enhances survival in patients affected by advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). According to the results of two registrative trials, this drug represents a gold quality standard in the first line treatment of advanced HCC. Recently, lenvatinib showed similar results in terms of survival in a non-inferiority randomized trial study considering the same subset of patients. Unlike other targeted therapies, predictive and prognostic markers in HCC patients treated with sorafenib are lacking. Their identification could help clinicians in the daily management of these patients, mostly in light of the new therapeutic options available in the first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gnoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, "S. Cuore di Gesù" Hospital, 73014 Gallipoli, Italy.
| | | | - Vito Longo
- Medical Thoracic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Calabrese
- Radiology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Argentiero
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Sabina Delcuratolo
- Scientific Direction, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine "G. Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IstitutoScientifico Romagnolo per Lo Studio e Cura Dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
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116
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Mori MA, Ludwig RG, Garcia-Martin R, Brandão BB, Kahn CR. Extracellular miRNAs: From Biomarkers to Mediators of Physiology and Disease. Cell Metab 2019; 30:656-673. [PMID: 31447320 PMCID: PMC6774861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs can be found in serum and other body fluids and serve as biomarkers for disease. More importantly, secreted miRNAs, especially those in extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes, may mediate paracrine and endocrine communication between different tissues and thus modulate gene expression and the function of distal cells. When impaired, these processes can lead to tissue dysfunction, aging, and disease. Adipose tissue is an especially important contributor to the pool of circulating exosomal miRNAs. As a result, alterations in adipose tissue mass or function, which occur in many metabolic conditions, can lead to changes in circulating miRNAs, which then function systemically. Here we review the findings that led to these conclusions and discuss how this sets the stage for new lines of investigation in which extracellular miRNAs are recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication and potential candidates for therapy of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raissa G Ludwig
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruben Garcia-Martin
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruna B Brandão
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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117
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Jiang Y, Xu C, Leung W, Lin M, Cai X, Guo H, Zhang J, Yang F. Role of Exosomes in Photodynamic Anticancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:6815-6824. [PMID: 31533597 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190918122221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative treatment for malignancies based on photochemical reaction induced by Photosensitizers (PS) under light irradiation. Recent studies show that PDT caused the abundant release of exosomes from tumor tissues. It is well-known that exosomes as carriers play an important role in cell-cell communication through transporting many kinds of bioactive molecules (e.g. lipids, proteins, mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA). Therefore, to explore the role of exosomes in photodynamic anticancer therapy has been attracting significant attention. In the present paper, we will briefly introduce the basic principle of PDT and exosomes, and focus on discussing the role of exosomes in photodynamic anticancer therapy, to further enrich and boost the development of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,
School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University,
Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,
School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University,
Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Wingnang Leung
- Division of Chinese Medicine, School of Professional and Continuing Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,
School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University,
Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Xiaowen Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,
School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University,
Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,
School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University,
Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Jiyong Zhang
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen 518017, China
| | - Fanwen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
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118
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Jiang R, Huang H, Lian Z, Hu Z, Lloyd RS, Fang D, Li Y, Xian H, Yuan J, Sha Y, Wang S, Hu D. Exosomal miR-221 derived from hydroquinone-transformed malignant human bronchial epithelial cells is involved in cell viability of recipient cells. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:224-233. [PMID: 31468561 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
miR-221, an oncogenic microRNA, can promote cell proliferation and is highly expressed in various types of tumors. However, the role of exosomal miR-221 in benzene-caused carcinogenesis remains elusive. Our study was designed to investigate whether exosomes secreted by the hydroquinone (HQ; an active metabolite of benzene)-transformed malignant cells can transmit miR-221 to normal recipient cells and its possible effects on cell viability. Our investigation revealed that expression levels of miR-221 were significantly increased in HQ-transformed malignant cells relative to normal controls. Furthermore, exposure of control cells to exosomes that were derived from HQ-transformed malignant cells increased miR-221 levels and promoted their proliferation. Analyses of the biological potency of exosomes derived from HQ-transformed malignant cells in which miR-221 levels were decreased using an inhibitor, showed that both miR-221 levels and proliferation of recipient cells were decreased, but still were higher than those of normal 16HBE cells. Our study indicates that exosomal miR-221 derived from HQ-transformed malignant human bronchial epithelial cells is involved in the proliferation of recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Lian
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuqing Hu
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - R Stephen Lloyd
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Daokui Fang
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Xian
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Sha
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Institute of Occupational Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sanming Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Dalin Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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119
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Pillay P, Vatish M, Duarte R, Moodley J, Mackraj I. Exosomal microRNA profiling in early and late onset preeclamptic pregnant women reflects pathophysiology. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5637-5657. [PMID: 31413567 PMCID: PMC6661992 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s208865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality due to the inability to diagnose and treat the disorder early in pregnancy. This is attributed to the complex pathophysiology and unknown etiology of the disorder, which is modulated by several known and unknown factors. Exosomes have recently been implicated as possible mediators of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, with, however, no evidence linking these nanovesicles to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and its subtypes. Methods: To better understand the pathophysiological role of exosomes in preeclampsia, we have analyzed the exosomal microRNA in early and late onset preeclamptic women in comparison to their gestationally matched normotensive controls using Digital Direct Detection (NanoString Technologies). Results: For the first time, distinct exosomal microRNA signatures in early and late onset preeclampsia have been identified. Moreover, these signatures indicate that exosomes are involved in key pathological features associated with preeclampsia and differentiate between the subtypes. Conclusion: This study forms the basis for the diagnostic and functional validation of the identified signatures as biomarkers of preeclampsia and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preenan Pillay
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raquel Duarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jack Moodley
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Irene Mackraj
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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120
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Yang XX, Sun C, Wang L, Guo XL. New insight into isolation, identification techniques and medical applications of exosomes. J Control Release 2019; 308:119-129. [PMID: 31325471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, which are nano-vesicles produced by most cell types, play an irreplaceable role in cell-cell communication. They are extracellular small vesicles that can delivery various cargos of DNA, RNAs, proteins, and lipids. Because exosomes have different secretory components under physiological conditions and pathological conditions, it has been extensively studied in the field of diseases as a therapeutic target, as a drug/gene delivery vector and as a novel cancer marker. Despite the great development in recent decades, there are still many obstacles to be overcome, for example, the separation method is not standardized with low yield and poor stability, which limit its medical application. This review mainly summarizes the main progresses of isolation and identification techniques, diversity function and medical application of exosomes in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Drug Screening Unit Platform, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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121
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Rahbarghazi R, Jabbari N, Sani NA, Asghari R, Salimi L, Kalashani SA, Feghhi M, Etemadi T, Akbariazar E, Mahmoudi M, Rezaie J. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles: reliable tools for Cancer diagnosis and clinical applications. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:73. [PMID: 31291956 PMCID: PMC6617682 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have recently revealed that almost every type of cells including tumor cells abundantly release small vesicles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the extracellular milieu. EVs carry a repertoire of biological molecules including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and transport their cargo between cells in the vicinity as well as distantly located cells and hence act as messengers of intercellular communication. In this review, we aimed to discuss the tumor-derived exosome biology and the pivotal roles of exosomes in cancer diagnosis and treatment. METHODS In the present review study, the authors studied several articles over the past two decades published on the kinetics of EVs in tumor environment as well as on the application of these vesicles in cancer diagnosis and therapy. RESULTS A growing body of evidence indicates that nucleic acids such as microRNAs (miRNAs) transferring by EVs participate to create a conducive tumor environment. As EV-associated miRNAs are tissue-specific and present in most biological fluids, they hold great potential for clinical application in cancer early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. Furthermore, exosomes can serve as drug delivery vehicles transferring miRNAs as well as therapeutic agents to target cells. These nano-vesicles exhibit ideal properties in comparison with the synthetic carriers that attracted scientist's attention in the field of nanotechnology medicine. Scientists have employed different strategies to build exosomes-based drug delivery system. In general, two methods (direct engineering and indirect engineering) are being utilized to produce artificial exosomes. Para-clinical data have confirmed the beneficial effects of engineering exosomes in cancer therapy. CONCLUSION Exosomal miRNAs hold great promise for clinical application in early diagnosis and treatment of cancers. In addition, in spite of enthusiastic results obtained by engineered exosomes, however, there is an increasing concern over the use of optimal methods for engineering exosomes and the safety of engineered exosomes in clinical trials is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Jabbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. BoX: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics and Imaging, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Neda Abbaspour Sani
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. BoX: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran
| | - Rahim Asghari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. BoX: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran.,Department of Oncology, Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Salimi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Asghari Kalashani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Feghhi
- Department of Medical Physics and Imaging, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Tahereh Etemadi
- Department of biology, faculty of sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Elinaz Akbariazar
- Department of Genetic, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. BoX: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran.
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Exosomes Modulate the Viral Replication and Host Immune Responses in HBV Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2103943. [PMID: 31275965 PMCID: PMC6558633 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although current diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can maintain viral suppression, new therapies need to be invented to sustain off-treatment virologic suppression and reduce side effects. Exosomes act as intercellular communicators to facilitate direct transfer of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells in vitro and in vivo. Pioneering work has demonstrated that exosomal cargos changed markedly during HBV infection. An improved understanding of the functions of exosomes during HBV infection could lead to a powerful new strategy for preventing and treating HBV. In this review, we point out the role of exosomes in HBV infection: (1) exosomes could directly participate in HBV replication; (2) exosomes modulate immune response during HBV infections; (3) exosomal RNAs and proteins might be selected as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of HBV infections; and (4) exosomes can also be designed as vaccines.
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123
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Meltzer S, Bjørnetrø T, Lyckander LG, Flatmark K, Dueland S, Samiappan R, Johansen C, Kalanxhi E, Ree AH, Redalen KR. Circulating Exosomal miR-141-3p and miR-375 in Metastatic Progression of Rectal Cancer. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1038-1044. [PMID: 31146167 PMCID: PMC6542769 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As many as 30% to 40% of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients experience metastatic progression of the disease. Recognizing the potential of the genetic cargo in tumor-derived exosomes, we hypothesized that plasma exosomal microRNA (miRNA) may reflect biological aggressiveness in LARC and provide new markers for rectal cancer aggressiveness and risk stratification. In a prospective LARC cohort (NCT01816607), plasma samples were collected from 29 patients at the time of diagnosis, before neoadjuvant therapy and surgery. Exosomes, precipitated from plasma using a commercial kit, were verified by cryo-electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blotting. Expression of exosomal miRNAs was profiled using a miRCURY LNA miRNA microarray and validation of six miRNAs associated with pathological and clinical end-points was undertaken in plasma collected at the time of diagnosis from 64 patients in an independent prospective LARC cohort (NCT00278694). In both cohorts, exosomal miR-141-3p and miR-375 were higher in patients with synchronous liver metastasis than in those without (P = .010 and P = .017 respectively in the investigative cohort, and P < .001 for both in the validation cohort). Further, high exosomal miR-141-3p was associated with post-operative metastatic liver progression in the investigative cohort (P = .034). Because both miRNAs are associated with tumor angiogenesis and immune modulation, we propose that these miRNAs in circulating exosomes may reflect rectal cancer aggressiveness and accordingly be candidate biomarkers for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Meltzer
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Tonje Bjørnetrø
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Dueland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rampradeep Samiappan
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Christin Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Erta Kalanxhi
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Anne Hansen Ree
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine Røe Redalen
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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124
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Extracellular vesicles in cancer - implications for future improvements in cancer care. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 15:617-638. [PMID: 29795272 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 966] [Impact Index Per Article: 193.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sustained growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells depend upon bidirectional cell-cell communication within complex tissue environments. Such communication predominantly involves the secretion of soluble factors by cancer cells and/or stromal cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME), although these cell types have also been shown to export membrane-encapsulated particles containing regulatory molecules that contribute to cell-cell communication. These particles are known as extracellular vesicles (EVs) and include species of exosomes and shed microvesicles. EVs carry molecules such as oncoproteins and oncopeptides, RNA species (for example, microRNAs, mRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs), lipids, and DNA fragments from donor to recipient cells, initiating profound phenotypic changes in the TME. Emerging evidence suggests that EVs have crucial roles in cancer development, including pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis. Cancer cells are now recognized to secrete more EVs than their nonmalignant counterparts, and these particles can be isolated from bodily fluids. Thus, EVs have strong potential as blood-based or urine-based biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognostication, and surveillance of cancer. In this Review, we discuss the biophysical properties and physiological functions of EVs, particularly their pro-metastatic effects, and highlight the utility of EVs for the development of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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125
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Exosome-derived miR-339-5p mediates radiosensitivity by targeting Cdc25A in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2019; 38:4990-5006. [PMID: 30858545 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells associated with radioresistance are likely to give rise to local recurrence and distant metastatic relapse. However, it remains unclear whether specific miRNAs have direct roles in radioresistance and/or prognosis. In this study, we find that miR-339-5p promotes radiosensitivity, and is downregulated in radioresistant subpopulations of esophageal cancer cells. Notably, miR-339-5p was selectively secreted into blood via exosomes, and that higher serum miR-339-5p levels were positively associated with radiotherapy sensitivity and good survival. Moreover, miR-339-5p expression was downregulated in the T3/T4 stage compared with T1/T2 stage in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients (P = 0.04), and low miR-339-5p expression in tissue was significantly associated with poor overall survival (P = 0.036) and disease-free survival (P = 0.037). Overexpression of miR-339-5p enhanced radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-339-5p enhances radiosensitivity by targeting Cdc25A, and is transcriptionally regulated by Runx3. Correlations were observed between miR-339-5p levels and Cdc25A/Runx3 levels in tissue samples. Intriguingly, combined analysis of miR-339-5p expression with Runx3 increased the separation of the survival curves obtained for either gene alone in the TCGA datasets (P = 0.009). Overall, exosome-derived miR-339-5p mediates radiosensitivity through downregulation of Cdc25A, and predicts pathological response to preoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced ESCC, suggesting it could be a promising non-invasive biomarker for facilitating personalized treatments.
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126
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Wu X, Shen J, Xiao Z, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Cho CH, Li M. An overview of the multifaceted roles of miRNAs in gastric cancer: Spotlight on novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:425-439. [PMID: 30857828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that have displayed strong association with gastric cancer (GC). Through the repression of target mRNAs, miRNAs regulate many biological pathways that are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, metastasis as well as drug resistance. The detection of miRNAs in tissues and in body fluids emerges as a promising method in the diagnosis and prognosis of GC, due to their unique expression pattern in correlation with GC. Notably, miRNAs are also identified as potential therapeutic targets for GC therapy. The present review is thus to highlight the multifaceted roles of miRNAs in GC and in GC therapies, which would give indications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M.) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
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127
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Welch JL, Stapleton JT, Okeoma CM. Vehicles of intercellular communication: exosomes and HIV-1. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:350-366. [PMID: 30702421 PMCID: PMC7011712 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The terms extracellular vesicles, microvesicles, oncosomes, or exosomes are often used interchangeably as descriptors of particles that are released from cells and comprise a lipid membrane that encapsulates nucleic acids and proteins. Although these entities are defined based on a specific size range and/or mechanism of release, the terminology is often ambiguous. Nevertheless, these vesicles are increasingly recognized as important modulators of intercellular communication. The generic characterization of extracellular vesicles could also be used as a descriptor of enveloped viruses, highlighting the fact that extracellular vesicles and enveloped viruses are similar in both composition and function. Their high degree of similarity makes differentiating between vesicles and enveloped viruses in biological specimens particularly difficult. Because viral particles and extracellular vesicles are produced simultaneously in infected cells, it is necessary to separate these populations to understand their independent functions. We summarize current understanding of the similarities and differences of extracellular vesicles, which henceforth we will refer to as exosomes, and the enveloped retrovirus, HIV-1. Here, we focus on the presence of these particles in semen, as these are of particular importance during HIV-1 sexual transmission. While there is overlap in the terminology and physical qualities between HIV-1 virions and exosomes, these two types of intercellular vehicles may differ depending on the bio-fluid source. Recent data have demonstrated that exosomes from human semen serve as regulators of HIV-1 infection that may contribute to the remarkably low risk of infection per sexual exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Welch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
- Medical Service, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Iowa, 604 Highway 6, Iowa City, IA 52246-2208, USA
| | - Jack T. Stapleton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
- Medical Service, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Iowa, 604 Highway 6, Iowa City, IA 52246-2208, USA
| | - Chioma M. Okeoma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
- Department of Pharmacologic Sciences, Basic Sciences Tower, Rm 8-142, Stony Brook, University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
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128
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The utility of serum exosomal microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1221-1227. [PMID: 30841435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer-associated deaths each year. Due to the invasive, fast growth and insidious onset of HCC, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, reducing the effectiveness of radical surgery. Therefore, effective early detection and diagnostic methods are crucial for improving the treatment and prognosis of HCC patients. Exosomes are 40- to 100-nm-sized vesicles that are released from many cell types into the extracellular space, and extensive evidence has suggested that exosomes are involved in the occurrence and development of HCC. Recently, the presence of microRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes has been verified. Such miRNAs can be internalized by neighboring or distant cells to subsequently regulate multiple target genes in recipient cells at the posttranscriptional level and affect the processes of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the potential utility of serum exosomal miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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129
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Goody D, Pfeifer A. BAT Exosomes: Metabolic Crosstalk with Other Organs and Biomarkers for BAT Activity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 251:337-346. [PMID: 29633182 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, exosomes have gained interest as a new type of intercellular communication between cells and tissues. Exosomes are circulating, cell-derived lipid vesicles smaller than 200 nm that contain proteins and nucleic acids, including microRNAs (miRNAs), and are able to modify cellular targets. Exosomal miRNAs function as signalling molecules that regulate the transcription of their target genes and can cause phenotypic transformation of recipient cells. Recent studies have shown that brown fat secretes exosomes as a form of communication with other metabolic organs such as the liver. Moreover, it has been shown that levels of miRNAs in BAT-derived exosomes change after BAT activation in vitro and in vivo. Thus, BAT-derived exosomes can be used as potential biomarkers of BAT activity. Here, we review the present knowledge about BAT-derived exosomes and their role in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Goody
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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130
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Bozeman EN, Yang L. Biological Events and Barriers to Effective Delivery of Cancer Therapeutics. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01775-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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131
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Jin D, Yang F, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhou Y, Wang F, Zhang GJ. ExoAPP: Exosome-Oriented, Aptamer Nanoprobe-Enabled Surface Proteins Profiling and Detection. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14402-14411. [PMID: 30350954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor exosomes that inherit molecular markers from their parent cells are emerging as cellular "surrogates" in cancer diagnostics. Molecular profiling and detection of exosomes offer a noninvasive access to the state of cancer progression, yet are still technically challenging. Here we report an exosome-oriented, aptamer nanoprobe-based profiling (ExoAPP) assay to phenotype surface proteins and quantify cancerous exosomes in a facile mix-and-detect format. Our ExoAPP interfaces graphene oxide (GO) with target-responsive aptamers to profile exosomal markers across five cell types by complementing with enzyme-assisted exosome recycling, revealing a heterogeneous pattern.This assay achieves a detection limit down to 1.6 × 105 particles/mL, lowered by several orders of magnitude over other homogeneous protocols. Such a sensitive ExoAPP assay allows for monitoring epithelial-mesenchymal transition through heterogeneous exosomes without involving cellular internalization that often occurs in GO-based cargo delivery. Using ExoAPP to analyze blood samples from prostate cancer patients, we find that target exosome can be identified by surface PSMA, suggesting their potential in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , 1 Huangjia Lake West Road , Wuhan 430065 , China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , 1 Huangjia Lake West Road , Wuhan 430065 , China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430065 , China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rhumatic Diseases , Hubei University for Nationalities , Enshi 445000 , China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , 1 Huangjia Lake West Road , Wuhan 430065 , China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , 1 Huangjia Lake West Road , Wuhan 430065 , China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- School of Laboratory Medicine , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , 1 Huangjia Lake West Road , Wuhan 430065 , China
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , 1 Huangjia Lake West Road , Wuhan 430065 , China
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132
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Huang S, Tan X, Huang Z, Chen Z, Lin P, Fu SW. microRNA biomarkers in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. J Cancer 2018; 9:3867-3873. [PMID: 30410589 PMCID: PMC6218777 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a primary factor of prognosis and long-term survival for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM), is a complex biological process involving multiple factors and steps, and its mechanisms are yet to be discovered. In recent years, small noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proven to play an important role in tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis in a variety of cancers, including CRC. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs, including those from exosomes secreted by tumor cells in circulation, could be used as promising biomarkers in early cancer detection, treatment, and prognosis. In this review, we focus on the functional roles and clinical applications of miRNAs, especially those from circulating exosomes secreted by tumor cells related to CRCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Huang
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Zhongcheng Huang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zihua Chen
- Hepatobiliary and enteric Surgery Research Center/Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Sidney W Fu
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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133
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Zhou CF, Ma J, Huang L, Yi HY, Zhang YM, Wu XG, Yan RM, Liang L, Zhong M, Yu YH, Wu S, Wang W. Cervical squamous cell carcinoma-secreted exosomal miR-221-3p promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis by targeting VASH1. Oncogene 2018; 38:1256-1268. [PMID: 30254211 PMCID: PMC6363643 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-secreted exosomal miRNAs are emerging mediators of cancer-stromal cross-talk in the tumor environment. Our previous miRNAs array of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) clinical specimens identified upregulation of miR-221-3p. Here, we show that miR-221-3p is closely correlated with peritumoral lymphangiogenesis and lymph node (LN) metastasis in CSCC. More importantly, miR-221-3p is characteristically enriched in and transferred by CSCC-secreted exosomes into human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs) to promote HLECs migration and tube formation in vitro, and facilitate lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis in vivo according to both gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. Furthermore, we identify vasohibin-1 (VASH1) as a novel direct target of miR-221-3p through bioinformatic target prediction and luciferase reporter assay. Re-expression and knockdown of VASH1 could respectively rescue and simulate the effects induced by exosomal miR-221-3p. Importantly, the miR-221-3p-VASH1 axis activates the ERK/AKT pathway in HLECs independent of VEGF-C. Finally, circulating exosomal miR-221-3p levels also have biological function in promoting HLECs sprouting in vitro and are closely associated with tumor miR-221-3p expression, lymphatic VASH1 expression, lymphangiogenesis, and LN metastasis in CSCC patients. In conclusion, CSCC-secreted exosomal miR-221-3p transfers into HLECs to promote lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis via downregulation of VASH1 and may represent a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for metastatic CSCC patients in early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Hong-Yan Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomic, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiang-Guang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rui-Ming Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Hong Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomic, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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134
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Huang X, Ding J, Li Y, Liu W, Ji J, Wang H, Wang X. Exosomes derived from PEDF modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:269-277. [PMID: 30142325 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggest that exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic effects in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional protein that exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and neuroprotective properties. We investigated the involvement of PEDF in I/R, using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) isolated from rat. PEDF-overexpressing ADSCs were constructed and exosomes from ADSCs were isolated. SY-5Y cells were employed to identify the protective effects of exosomes in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) experiments. Exosome treatment suppressed OGD-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the two-step caspase dependent (caspase-9 and caspase-3) apoptotic pathway. Increasing the PEDF content of exosomes further promoted the protective effect against OGD-induced apoptosis by activating autophagy, while blocking autophagy reduced the effect of PEDF-containing exosomes. We constructed a middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO) model using male Sprague-Dawley rats to identify the role of PEDF in exosome-mediated neuroprotection. These in vivo experiments further confirmed that exosomes from PEDF-modified ADSCs ameliorated cerebral I/R injury by activating autophagy and suppressing neuronal apoptosis. These findings suggest that PEDF plays a role in exosome-mediated prevention of cerebral I/R injury by modulating apoptotic factors and promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yufei Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The NO. 455 Hospital of PLA, 338 West Huaihai Rd, Shanghai 200052, China.
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jianlin Ji
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Teaching Center of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, the Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University and Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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135
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Li X, Liu R, Huang Z, Gurley EC, Wang X, Wang J, He H, Yang H, Lai G, Zhang L, Bajaj JS, White M, Pandak WM, Hylemon PB, Zhou H. Cholangiocyte-derived exosomal long noncoding RNA H19 promotes cholestatic liver injury in mouse and humans. Hepatology 2018; 68:599-615. [PMID: 29425397 PMCID: PMC6085159 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cholestatic liver injury is an important clinical problem with limited understanding of disease pathologies. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by a variety of cells, including cholangiocytes. Exosome-mediated cell-cell communication can modulate various cellular functions by transferring a variety of intracellular components to target cells. Our recent studies indicate that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), H19, is mainly expressed in cholangiocytes, and its aberrant expression is associated with significant down-regulation of small heterodimer partner (SHP) in hepatocytes and cholestatic liver injury in multidrug resistance 2 knockout (Mdr2-/- ) mice. However, how cholangiocyte-derived H19 suppresses SHP in hepatocytes remains unknown. Here, we report that cholangiocyte-derived exosomes mediate transfer of H19 into hepatocytes and promote cholestatic injury. Hepatic H19 level is correlated with severity of cholestatic injury in both fibrotic mouse models, including Mdr2-/- mice, a well-characterized model of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), or CCl4 -induced cholestatic liver injury mouse models, and human PSC patients. Moreover, serum exosomal-H19 level is gradually up-regulated during disease progression in Mdr2-/- mice and patients with cirrhosis. H19-carrying exosomes from the primary cholangiocytes of wild-type (WT) mice suppress SHP expression in hepatocytes, but not the exosomes from the cholangiocytes of H19-/- mice. Furthermore, overexpression of H19 significantly suppressed SHP expression at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Importantly, transplant of H19-carrying serum exosomes of old fibrotic Mdr2-/- mice significantly promoted liver fibrosis (LF) in young Mdr2-/- mice. CONCLUSION Cholangiocyte-derived exosomal-H19 plays a critical role in cholestatic liver injury. Serum exosomal H19 represents a noninvasive biomarker and potential therapeutic target for cholestatic diseases. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiaoyang Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Runping Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhiming Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Emily C. Gurley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Hongliang He
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Guanhua Lai
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Melanie White
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - William M Pandak
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Phillip B. Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Address correspondence to: Huiping Zhou, Ph.D., Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1217 East Marshall Street, MSB#533, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA, Tel: 804-828-6817; Fax: 804-828-0676,
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136
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Gualdrón-López M, Flannery EL, Kangwanrangsan N, Chuenchob V, Fernandez-Orth D, Segui-Barber J, Royo F, Falcón-Pérez JM, Fernandez-Becerra C, Lacerda MVG, Kappe SHI, Sattabongkot J, Gonzalez JR, Mikolajczak SA, Del Portillo HA. Characterization of Plasmodium vivax Proteins in Plasma-Derived Exosomes From Malaria-Infected Liver-Chimeric Humanized Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1271. [PMID: 29988527 PMCID: PMC6026661 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin containing molecular signatures implying the cell of origin; thus, they offer a unique opportunity to discover biomarkers of disease. Plasmodium vivax, responsible for more than half of all malaria cases outside Africa, is a major obstacle in the goal of malaria elimination due to the presence of dormant liver stages (hypnozoites), which after the initial infection may reactivate to cause disease. Hypnozoite infection is asymptomatic and there are currently no diagnostic tools to detect their presence. The human liver-chimeric (FRG huHep) mouse is a robust P. vivax infection model for exo-erythrocytic development of liver stages, including hypnozoites. We studied the proteome of plasma-derived exosomes isolated from P. vivax infected FRG huHep mice with the objective of identifying liver-stage expressed parasite proteins indicative of infection. Proteomic analysis of these exosomes showed the presence of 290 and 234 proteins from mouse and human origin, respectively, including canonical exosomal markers. Human proteins include proteins previously detected in liver-derived exosomes, highlighting the potential of this chimeric mouse model to study plasma exosomes derived unequivocally from human hepatocytes. Noticeably, we identified 17 parasite proteins including enzymes, surface proteins, components of the endocytic pathway and translation machinery, as well as uncharacterized proteins. Western blot analysis validated the presence of human arginase-I and an uncharacterized P. vivax protein in plasma-derived exosomes. This study represents a proof-of-principle that plasma-derived exosomes from P. vivax infected FRG-huHep mice contain human hepatocyte and P. vivax proteins with the potential to unveil biological features of liver infection and identify biomarkers of hypnozoite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Gualdrón-López
- Instituto Salud Global, Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erika L Flannery
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Niwat Kangwanrangsan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorada Chuenchob
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Joan Segui-Barber
- Instituto Salud Global, Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Royo
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHD), Derio, Spain
| | - Juan M Falcón-Pérez
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHD), Derio, Spain.,Metabolomics platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Derio, Spain.,IKERBASKE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- Instituto Salud Global, Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcus V G Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.,Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Juan R Gonzalez
- Instituto Salud Global, Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Hernando A Del Portillo
- Instituto Salud Global, Hospital Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
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137
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Yadav DK, Bai X, Yadav RK, Singh A, Li G, Ma T, Chen W, Liang T. Liquid biopsy in pancreatic cancer: the beginning of a new era. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26900-26933. [PMID: 29928492 PMCID: PMC6003564 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With dismal survival rate pancreatic cancer remains one of the most aggressive and devastating malignancy. Predominantly, due to the absence of a dependable methodology for early identification and limited therapeutic options for advanced disease. However, it takes over 17 years to develop pancreatic cancer from initiation of mutation to metastatic cancer; therefore, if diagnosed early; it may increase overall survival dramatically, thus, providing a window of opportunity for early detection. Recently, genomic expression analysis defined 4 subtypes of pancreatic cancer based on mutated genes. Hence, we need simple and standard, minimally invasive test that can monitor those altered genes or their associated pathways in time for the success of precision medicine, and liquid biopsy seems to be one answer to all these questions. Again, liquid biopsy has an ability to pair with genomic tests. Additionally, liquid biopsy based development of circulating tumor cells derived xenografts, 3D organoids system, real-time monitoring of genetic mutations by circulating tumor DNA and exosome as the targeted drug delivery vehicle holds lots of potential for the treatment and cure of pancreatic cancer. At present, diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is frantically done on the premise of CA19-9 and radiological features only, which doesn't give a picture of genetic mutations and epigenetic alteration involved. In this manner, the current diagnostic paradigm for pancreatic cancer diagnosis experiences low diagnostic accuracy. This review article discusses the current state of liquid biopsy in pancreatic cancer as diagnostic and therapeutic tools and future perspectives of research in the light of circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Gandaki Medical College, Tribhuwan University, Institute of Medicine, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
| | - Alina Singh
- Department of Surgery, Bir Hospital, National Academy of Medical Science, Kanti Path, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Guogang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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138
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Abstract
AbstractBackground:Exosomes are small vesicles of sizes between 40 and 100 nm. They are actively segregated by numerous different cell types and they can be found in almost all body fluids. Thus, there is an emerging role of exosomes and exosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (exoDNA) in biomedical research, especially in molecular medicine. Exosomes are assembled and segregated actively and carry distinct surface markers for cellular communication. They are loaded with cargo such as DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins. As there are numerous different exosomal purification methods available, it is of essential need to select an appropriate technique to get reliable results. As neuropathology is faced with the challenge that brain tissue is not accessible in an easy fashion, exosomes represent an ideal tool for molecular neuropathology. Thus, disease-specific molecular alterations will be detectable in a minimally invasive way for early disease diagnosis and surveillance.Summary:The analysis of exoDNA as biomarkers in neuropathology will enable early diagnosis, monitoring and relapse detection of brain tumors and neuropsychiatric disorders.Outlook:It is assumed that the significance of exosomes will increase in the upcoming years. There are powerful approaches in development using exosomes in molecularly targeted therapy to ultimately cure devastating brain diseases.
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139
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Salehi M, Sharifi M. Exosomal miRNAs as novel cancer biomarkers: Challenges and opportunities. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6370-6380. [PMID: 29323722 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity, is a basic requirement for non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Exosomes are a type of lipid bilayer extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing different components, including proteins, lipids, DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), and non-coding RNAs. Increasing evidence indicates that nucleic acids are protected by exosome lipid membrane. These vesicles are almost released from all cell types, into biological fluids. In cancer, the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), located in the tumor cell-derived exosomes, is deregulated and it could be led to metastasis and therapy resistance. Due to the presence of exosomes in various body fluids and the stability of miRNAs in exosomes, exosomal miRNAs can provide a new class of biomarkers for early and minimally invasive cancer diagnosis. In this article, we review the miRNAs and their roles in cancer. Furthermore, we explain the different types of EVs, especially exosomes, and their functional roles in cancer. At the end, we discuss about the importance of exosomal miRNAs for cancer diagnosis. As well as, we briefly summarize the exosome isolation techniques and obstacles, limiting the clinical applications of exosomal miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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140
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Shi M, Jiang Y, Yang L, Yan S, Wang YG, Lu XJ. Decreased levels of serum exosomal miR-638 predict poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4711-4716. [PMID: 29278659 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently available studies have implicated that exosome-delivered microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in human cancer. However, the association of serum exosomal miR-638 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. We aim to investigate the expression of exosomal miR-638 in serum of HCC patients and its prognostic role in this deadly disease. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to determine the survival of patients histologically diagnosed with HCC. Reduced levels of exosomal miR-638 in serum samples from patients with HCC were identified by real-time PCR. Negative association of serum exosomal miR-638 with tumor size, vascular infiltration, and TNM stage was observed in HCC patients. Besides, the proliferation of Huh7 and SMCC7721 HCC cells were significantly inhibited when miR-638 was over-expressed in these cells. In addition, HCC patients with lower levels of serum exosomal miR-638 had poor overall survival than those with higher levels of exosomal miR-638 in serum. Our study strongly suggests that serum exosome-delivered miR-638 may serve as a novel circulating biomarker for HCC. Downregulation of miR-638 predicts poor prognosis for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shushan Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Diseases Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yu-Gang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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141
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Costanza B, Turtoi A, Bellahcène A, Hirano T, Peulen O, Blomme A, Hennequière V, Mutijima E, Boniver J, Meuwis MA, Josse C, Koopmansch B, Segers K, Yokobori T, Fahmy K, Thiry M, Coimbra C, Garbacki N, Colige A, Baiwir D, Bours V, Louis E, Detry O, Delvenne P, Nishiyama M, Castronovo V. Innovative methodology for the identification of soluble biomarkers in fresh tissues. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29535834 PMCID: PMC5828218 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers from early lesions, measurable in liquid biopsies remains a major challenge, particularly in oncology. Fresh human material of high quality is required for biomarker discovery but is often not available when it is totally required for clinical pathology investigation. Hence, all OMICs studies are done on residual and less clinically relevant biological samples. Here after, we present an innovative, simple, and non-destructive, procedure named EXPEL that uses rapid, pressure-assisted, interstitial fluid extrusion, preserving the specimen for full routine clinical pathology investigation. In the meantime, the technique allows a comprehensive OMICs analysis (proteins, metabolites, miRNAs and DNA). As proof of concept, we have applied EXPEL on freshly collected human colorectal cancer and liver metastases tissues. We demonstrate that the procedure efficiently allows the extraction, within a few minutes, of a wide variety of biomolecules holding diagnostic and prognostic potential while keeping both tissue morphology and antigenicity unaltered. Our method enables, for the first time, both clinicians and scientists to explore identical clinical material regardless of its origin and size, which has a major positive impact on translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Costanza
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Akeila Bellahcène
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Touko Hirano
- Laboratory for Analytical Instruments, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Olivier Peulen
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Blomme
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Hennequière
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eugene Mutijima
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacques Boniver
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Alice Meuwis
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Claire Josse
- Center for Human Genetic, Molecular Haemato-Oncology Unit, UniLab, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Koopmansch
- Center for Human Genetic, Molecular Haemato-Oncology Unit, UniLab, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Karin Segers
- Center for Human Genetic, Molecular Haemato-Oncology Unit, UniLab, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Research Program for Omics-based Medical Science, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma, Japan
| | - Karim Fahmy
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Thiry
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carla Coimbra
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nancy Garbacki
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Colige
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dominique Baiwir
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,GIGA Proteomics Facility, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Bours
- Center for Human Genetic, Molecular Haemato-Oncology Unit, UniLab, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Edouard Louis
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Detry
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital (CHU), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Research Program for Omics-based Medical Science, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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142
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Pucci M, Reclusa Asiáin P, Duréndez Sáez E, Jantus-Lewintre E, Malarani M, Khan S, Fontana S, Naing A, Passiglia F, Raez LE, Rolfo C, Taverna S. Extracellular Vesicles As miRNA Nano-Shuttles: Dual Role in Tumor Progression. Target Oncol 2018; 13:175-187. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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143
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Yang J, Liu Q, Cao S, Xu T, Li X, Zhou D, Pan L, Li C, Huang C, Meng X, Zhang L, Wang X. MicroRNA-145 Increases the Apoptosis of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells Induced by TRAIL through NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:980. [PMID: 29375381 PMCID: PMC5770373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the liver fibrosis recovery stage tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can effectively induce apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Normal hepatic stellate cells are resistant to TRAIL cytotoxicity. Therefore, enhancing the sensitivity of TRAIL-induced apoptosis of HSCs may be useful to treat hepatic fibrogenesis. Here, we demonstrated that miR-145 and TRAIL were down-regulated in both liver fibrosis tissue samples and transforming growth factor-β1 induced HSCs, concomitant with increased the expression of ZEB2. In addition, we found that mimics-mediated over-expression of miR-145 led to resistance to the ZEB2 expression and up-regulation of the TRAIL-induced apoptosis after treatment of LX-2 cells with TRAIL. Furthermore, ZEB2-siRNA transfected LX-2 cells showed the increased sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Whereas, opposite results were obtained in miR-145-inhibitor group or ZEB2 plasmid group. Moreover, miR-145 regulated ZEB2 gene expression by specifically interacting with the 3′-UTR of ZEB2 mRNA to inhibit the expression of ZEB2. Further studies showed that the over-expression of ZEB2 could inhibit TRAIL-induced apoptosis via inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in LX-2 cells. Collectively, our data suggest that up-regulation of miR-145 can down-regulate ZEB2 expression, consequently promoting TRAIL-induced apoptosis in LX-2 cells through NF-κB signaling pathway, which facilitates the resolution of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfa Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingxue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shiyang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Linxin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Changyao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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144
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Qiu J, Yang G, Feng M, Zheng S, Cao Z, You L, Zheng L, Zhang T, Zhao Y. Extracellular vesicles as mediators of the progression and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer and their potential clinical applications. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:2. [PMID: 29304816 PMCID: PMC5756395 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide due to its insidious symptoms, early metastasis, and chemoresistance. Hence, the underlying mechanisms contributing to pancreatic cancer progression require further exploration. Based on accumulating evidence, extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, play a crucial role in pancreatic cancer progression and chemoresistance. Furthermore, they also possess the potential to be promising biomarkers, therapy targets and tools for treating pancreatic cancer. Therefore, in-depth studies on the role of extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer are meaningful. In this review, we focus on the regulatory effects of extracellular vesicles on pancreatic cancer progression, metastasis, cancer-related immunity and chemoresistance, particularly their potential roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Suli Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China.
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145
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Rana A, Zhang Y, Esfandiari L. Advancements in microfluidic technologies for isolation and early detection of circulating cancer-related biomarkers. Analyst 2018; 143:2971-2991. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01965c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of circulating biomarkers using microfluidic devices for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Rana
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
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146
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Obacz J, Avril T, Rubio-Patiño C, Bossowski JP, Igbaria A, Ricci JE, Chevet E. Regulation of tumor-stroma interactions by the unfolded protein response. FEBS J 2017; 286:279-296. [PMID: 29239107 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved adaptive pathway that helps cells cope with the protein misfolding burden within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Imbalance between protein folding demand and capacity in the ER leads to a situation called ER stress that is often observed in highly proliferative and secretory tumor cells. As such, activation of the UPR signaling has emerged as a key adaptive mechanism promoting cancer progression. It is becoming widely acknowledged that, in addition to its intrinsic effect on tumor biology, the UPR can also regulate tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss how the UPR coordinates the crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells, such as endothelial cells, normal parenchymal cells, and immune cells. In addition, we further describe the involvement of ER stress signaling in the response to current treatments as well as its impact on antitumor immunity mainly driven by immunogenic cell death. Finally, in this context, we discuss the relevance of targeting ER stress/UPR signaling as a potential anticancer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Obacz
- Inserm U1242 'Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling', Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Tony Avril
- Inserm U1242 'Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling', Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Aeid Igbaria
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242 'Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling', Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France
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147
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Bhome R, Goh RW, Bullock MD, Pillar N, Thirdborough SM, Mellone M, Mirnezami R, Galea D, Veselkov K, Gu Q, Underwood TJ, Primrose JN, De Wever O, Shomron N, Sayan AE, Mirnezami AH. Exosomal microRNAs derived from colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts: role in driving cancer progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:2666-2694. [PMID: 29283887 PMCID: PMC5764398 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a global disease with increasing incidence. Mortality is largely attributed to metastatic spread and therefore, a mechanistic dissection of the signals which influence tumor progression is needed. Cancer stroma plays a critical role in tumor proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance. Here, we sought to identify and characterize exosomal microRNAs as mediators of stromal-tumor signaling. In vitro, we demonstrated that fibroblast exosomes are transferred to colorectal cancer cells, with a resultant increase in cellular microRNA levels, impacting proliferation and chemoresistance. To probe this further, exosomal microRNAs were profiled from paired patient-derived normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts, from an ongoing prospective biomarker study. An exosomal cancer-associated fibroblast signature consisting of microRNAs 329, 181a, 199b, 382, 215 and 21 was identified. Of these, miR-21 had highest abundance and was enriched in exosomes. Orthotopic xenografts established with miR-21-overexpressing fibroblasts and CRC cells led to increased liver metastases compared to those established with control fibroblasts. Our data provide a novel stromal exosome signature in colorectal cancer, which has potential for biomarker validation. Furthermore, we confirmed the importance of stromal miR-21 in colorectal cancer progression using an orthotopic model, and propose that exosomes are a vehicle for miR-21 transfer between stromal fibroblasts and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhome
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- University Surgical Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rebecca W. Goh
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Marc D. Bullock
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- University Surgical Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Nir Pillar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Stephen M. Thirdborough
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Massimiliano Mellone
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Reza Mirnezami
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2BB, UK
| | - Dieter Galea
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2BB, UK
| | - Kirill Veselkov
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2BB, UK
| | - Quan Gu
- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 117 Sir Michael Stoker Building, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Timothy J. Underwood
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- University Surgical Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - John N. Primrose
- University Surgical Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Department of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Radiotherapiepark, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A. Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Alex H. Mirnezami
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- University Surgical Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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148
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Gheytanchi E, Madjd Z, Janani L, Rasti A, Ghods R, Atyabi F, Asadi-Lari MH, Babashah S. Exosomal microRNAs as potential circulating biomarkers in gastrointestinal tract cancers: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:228. [PMID: 29149908 PMCID: PMC5693515 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the most frequent type of recurrence in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, and there is an emerging potential for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, especially in the cases of metastatic GI carcinomas. The expression profiles of circulating exosomal microRNAs are of particular interest as novel non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for improved detection of GI cancers in body fluids, especially in the serum of patients with recurrent cancers. The aim of this study is to systematically review primary studies and identify the miRNA profiles of serum exosomes of GI cancers. METHODS AND DESIGN This systematic review will be reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidance. Relevant studies will be identified through a comprehensive search of the following main electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with no language restrictions (up to July 2017). Full copies of articles will be identified by a defined search strategy and will be considered for inclusion against pre-defined criteria. The quality assessment of the included studies will be performed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data will be analyzed using Stata software V.12. Publication bias will be assessed by funnel plots, Beggs' and Eggers' tests. The levels of evidence for primary outcomes will be evaluated using the GRADE criteria. DISCUSSION The analysis of circulating exosomal miRNA profiles provides attractive screening and non-invasive diagnostic tools for the majority of solid tumors including GI cancers. There is limited information regarding the relationship between serum exosomal miRNA profiles and the pathological condition of patients with different GI cancers. Since there is no specific biomarker for GI cancers, we aim to suggest a number of circulating exosomal miRNA candidates as potential multifaceted GI cancer biomarkers for clinical utility. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017057129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Gheytanchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Rasti
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asadi-Lari
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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149
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Yang JK, Song J, Huo HR, Zhao YL, Zhang GY, Zhao ZM, Sun GZ, Jiao BH. DNM3, p65 and p53 from exosomes represent potential clinical diagnosis markers for glioblastoma multiforme. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:741-754. [PMID: 29449895 PMCID: PMC5808838 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017737471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and deadly primary brain cancer that arises from astrocytes and classified as grade IV. Recently, exosomes have been reported as an essential mediator in diverse cancer carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, their role in GBM is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether blood exosomes can be potential clinical diagnostic markers for GBM. Methods: We used a xenograft orthotopic mouse model to detect the differentially expressed genes in the brain and blood exosomes of original/recurrent GBM. Results: We found that recurrent GBM had stronger growth capacity and lethality than original GBM in the mouse model. A gene microarray of original tumors and blood exosomes from GBM orthotopic xenografts results showed that DNM3, p65 and CD117 expressions increased, whereas PTEN and p53 expressions decreased in both original tumors and blood exosomes. In the recurrent GBM tumor model, DNM3 and p65 showed increased expressions, whereas ST14 and p53 showed decreased expressions in tumor and blood exosomes of the recurrent GBM mouse model. Conclusion: In summary, we found that DNM3, p65 and p53 had a similar trend in brain and blood exosomes both for original and recurrent GBM, and could serve as potential clinical diagnostic markers for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao-Ran Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yin-Long Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zong-Mao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guo-Zhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bao-Hua Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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150
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Shi Y, Wang W, Yang B, Tian H. ATF1 and RAS in exosomes are potential clinical diagnostic markers for cervical cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:477-483. [PMID: 29023897 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. It is highly lethal yet can be treated when found in early stage. Thus, early detection is of significant important for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Exosomes have been used as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. It is unknown that whether blood exosomes associated with cervical cancer can be detected and if these exosomes can accurately represent the developmental stage of cervical cancer. Mouse models were made out of a relapsed cervical cancer patient's tumour sample for original and recurrent cervical cancer, and gene analysis in both tumours and exosomes in these mouse models were performed. We found that activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) and RAS genes were significantly up-regulated in tumours of both primary and recurrent cervical cancer mouse model, and they can also be detected in the blood exosomes of the mouse model. Our results indicated that ATF1 and RAS could be potential candidate biomarkers for cervical cancer in early diagnosis. ATF1 and RAS genes were found significantly elevated in tumours of primary and recurrent cervical cancer mouse model, and they were also detected in the blood exosomes. Therefore, ATF1 and RAS could be used as a diagnostic marker for cervical cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Shi
- Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Baozhi Yang
- Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongge Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
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