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Børretzen A, Gravdal K, Haukaas SA, Mannelqvist M, Beisland C, Akslen LA, Halvorsen OJ. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulators Twist, Slug, and Snail are associated with aggressive tumour features and poor outcome in prostate cancer patients. J Pathol Clin Res 2021; 7:253-270. [PMID: 33605548 PMCID: PMC8073012 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic importance of transcription factors promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis has not been well explored in prostate cancer patients with long follow-up, nor the interplay between these factors. The objective of this study was to assess the individual protein expression and co-expression of Twist, Slug (Snai2), Snail (Snai1), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (Hif-1α) in prostate cancer in relation to EMT, angiogenesis, hypoxia, tumour features, disease recurrence, and patient survival. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue microarray sections from 338 radical prostatectomies with long follow-up. In addition, 41 cases of prostatic hyperplasia, 33 non-skeletal metastases, 13 skeletal metastases, and 33 castration-resistant prostate carcinomas were included. Our findings were validated in external gene expression data sets. Twist was overexpressed in primary prostate cancer and markedly reduced in distant metastases (p < 0.0005). Strong expression of Twist and Slug was associated with Hif-1α in localised prostate cancer (p ≤ 0.001), and strong Twist was associated with Hif-1α in castration-resistant carcinomas (p = 0.044). Twist, Slug, and increased Snail at the tumour stromal border were associated with vascular factors (p ≤ 0.045). Each of the three EMT-regulating transcription factors were associated with aggressive tumour features and shorter time to recurrence and cancer-specific death. Notably, the co-expression of factors demonstrated an enhanced influence on outcome. In the subgroup of E-cadherinlow carcinomas, strong Slug was associated with shorter time to all end points and was an independent predictor of time to multiple end points, including cancer-specific death (hazard ratio 3.0, p = 0.041). To conclude, we demonstrate an important relation between EMT, hypoxia, and angiogenesis and a strong link between the investigated EMT regulators and aggressive tumour features and poor patient outcome in prostate cancer. Despite the retrospective nature of this long-term study, our findings could have a significant impact on the future treatment of prostate cancer, where tailored therapies might be directed simultaneously against epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypes, angiogenesis, and tumour hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Børretzen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Karsten Gravdal
- Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Svein A Haukaas
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of UrologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Monica Mannelqvist
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Christian Beisland
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of UrologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Lars A Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Ole J Halvorsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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102
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PGC1α Loss Promotes Lung Cancer Metastasis through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081772. [PMID: 33917757 PMCID: PMC8068195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC1α oppositely regulates cancer metastasis in melanoma, breast, and pancreatic cancer; however, little is known about its impact on lung cancer metastasis. Transcriptome and in vivo xenograft analysis show that a decreased PGC1α correlates with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung cancer metastasis. The deletion of a single Pgc1α allele in mice promotes bone metastasis of KrasG12D-driven lung cancer. Mechanistically, PGC1α predominantly activates ID1 expression, which interferes with TCF4-TWIST1 cooperation during EMT. Bioinformatic and clinical studies have shown that PGC1α and ID1 are downregulated in lung cancer, and correlate with a poor survival rate. Our study indicates that TCF4-TWIST1-mediated EMT, which is regulated by the PGC1α-ID1 transcriptional axis, is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for metastatic lung cancer.
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103
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Bautista G. Craniosynostosis: Neonatal Perspectives. Neoreviews 2021; 22:e250-e257. [PMID: 33795400 DOI: 10.1542/neo.22-4-e250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of 1 or more sutures that normally separate the bony plates of an infant's skull and occurs in about 1 in 2,000 to 2,500 live births. Primary or congenital craniosynostoses represent the majority of cases and consist of single-suture and multisuture synostoses. Multisuture synostoses are typically associated with distinct craniofacial syndromes, including Muenke syndrome, Apert syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, and Pfeiffer syndrome, and are thus categorized under syndromic craniosynostoses. Secondary causes of craniosynostoses include metabolic or hematologic disorders that affect bone metabolism and typically present much later than primary synostoses. The severity of the deformity and the presence of increased intracranial pressure dictate the need for early surgical intervention, prompting the importance of early recognition and timely referral. Infants with craniosynostosis are also at increased risk for neurodevelopmental impairment and thus require close follow-up and monitoring. The early recognition and referral of craniosynostosis is imperative for the optimization of management and minimization of potential neurologic impairments that may develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoanna Bautista
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Mattel Children's Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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104
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Kang E, Seo J, Yoon H, Cho S. The Post-Translational Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Inducing Transcription Factors in Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3591. [PMID: 33808323 PMCID: PMC8037257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is generally observed in normal embryogenesis and wound healing. However, this process can occur in cancer cells and lead to metastasis. The contribution of EMT in both development and pathology has been studied widely. This transition requires the up- and down-regulation of specific proteins, both of which are regulated by EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), mainly represented by the families of Snail, Twist, and ZEB proteins. This review highlights the roles of key EMT-TFs and their post-translational regulation in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sayeon Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (E.K.); (J.S.); (H.Y.)
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105
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The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-regulating transcription factors in anti-cancer drug resistance. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:281-292. [PMID: 33768509 PMCID: PMC8009775 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The complex orchestration of gene expression that mediates the transition of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells is implicated in cancer development and metastasis. As the primary regulator of the process, epithelial-mesenchymal transition-regulating transcription factors (EMT-TFs) play key roles in metastasis. They are also highlighted in recent preclinical studies on resistance to cancer therapy. This review describes the role of three main EMT-TFs, including Snail, Twist1, and zinc-finger E homeobox-binding 1 (ZEB1), relating to drug resistance and current possible approaches for future challenges targeting EMT-TFs.
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106
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Fattahi F, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Vafaei S, Habibi Shams Z, Kiani J, Naseri M, Gheytanchi E, Madjd Z. Expressions of TWIST1 and CD105 markers in colorectal cancer patients and their association with metastatic potential and prognosis. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:26. [PMID: 33752711 PMCID: PMC7983220 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TWIST1 and CD105, which contribute to tumor malignancy, are overexpressed in cancers. Accordingly, TWIST1 enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Also, CD105 is a neoangiogenesis marker in endothelial cells, which is introduced as a CSC marker in tumoral epithelial cells in several types of cancers. The present study was aimed to investigate expressions of TWIST1 and CD105 in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods Expressions of TWIST1 and CD105 in 250 CRC tissue samples were evaluated using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMAs). In this regard, TWIST1 expression was investigated in the subcellular locations (cytoplasm and nucleus), while CD105 was mapped in endothelial cells and cytoplasmic tumor cells of CRC tissues. The association between the expression of these markers and clinicopathological parameters, as well as survival outcomes were analyzed. Results Results indicate a statistically significant association between higher nuclear expression levels of TWIST1 and distant metastases in CRC (P = 0.040) patients. In addition, it was shown that the increased nuclear expression of TWIST1 had a poor prognostic value for disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.042, P = 0.043, respectively) in patients with CRC. Moreover, analysis of CD105 expression level has revealed that there is a statistically significant association between the increased expression of CD105 in tumoral epithelial cells and more advanced TNM stage (P = 0.050). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that nuclear TWIST1 and cytoplasmic CD105 expressions in tumor cells had associations with more aggressive tumor behavior and more advanced diseases in CRC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Fattahi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Postal Code: 14496-14530, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Saeednejad Zanjani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Postal Code: 14496-14530, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Postal Code: 14496-14530, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jafar Kiani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Postal Code: 14496-14530, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Naseri
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Postal Code: 14496-14530, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Gheytanchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Postal Code: 14496-14530, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Postal Code: 14496-14530, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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107
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Ajit K, Murphy BD, Banerjee A. Elucidating evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of diapause regulation using an in silico approach. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1350-1374. [PMID: 33650678 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic diapause is an enigmatic phenomenon that appears in diverse species. Although regulatory mechanisms have been established, there is much to be discovered. Herein, we have made the first comprehensive attempt to elucidate diapause regulatory mechanisms using a computational approach. We found transcription factors unique to promoters of genes in diapause species. From pathway analysis and STRING PPI networks, the signaling pathways regulated by these unique transcription factors were identified. The pathways were then consolidated into a model to combine various known mechanisms of diapause regulation. This work also highlighted certain transcription factors that may act as 'master transcription factors' to regulate the phenomenon. Promoter analysis further suggested evidence for independent evolution for some of regulatory elements involved in diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Ajit
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Bruce D Murphy
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médicine Vétérinaire, Université Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
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108
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Yeeravalli R, Das A. Molecular mediators of breast cancer metastasis. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2021; 14:275-289. [PMID: 33744312 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate of malignancy in women worldwide. A major clinical challenge faced by patients with breast cancer treated by conventional therapies is frequent relapse. This relapse has been attributed to the cancer stem cell (CSC) population that resides within the tumor and possess stemness properties. Breast CSCs are generated when breast cancer cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition resulting in aggressive, highly metastatic, and invasive phenotypes that exhibit resistance towards chemotherapeutics. Metastasis, a phenomenon that aids in the migration of breast CSCs, occurs through any of three different routes: hematogenous, lymphatic, and transcoelomic. Hematogenous dissemination of breast CSCs leads to metastasis towards distant unrelated organs like lungs, liver, bone, and brain causing secondary tumor generation. Activation of metastasis genes or silencing of metastasis suppressor genes often leads to the advancement of metastasis. This review focuses on various genes and molecular factors that have been implicated to regulate organ-specific breast cancer metastasis by defying the available therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Yeeravalli
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India.
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109
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Nafie E, Lolarga J, Lam B, Guo J, Abdollahzadeh E, Rodriguez S, Glackin C, Liu J. Harmine inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion by inducing the degradation of Twist1. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247652. [PMID: 33626096 PMCID: PMC7904211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The majority of deaths (90%) in breast cancer patients is caused by invasion and metastasis-two features related to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Twist1 is a key transcription factor that promotes the EMT, which leads to cell migration, invasion, cancer metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Harmine is a beta-carboline alkaloid found in a variety of plants and was recently shown to be able to induce degradation of Twist Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1 (Twist1) in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). In this study, we show that harmine can inhibit migration and invasion of both human and mouse breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further study shows that this inhibition is most likely achieved by inducing a proteasome-dependent Twist1 degradation. At the concentrations tested, harmine did not affect the viability of cells significantly, suggesting that its inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion is largely independent of its cytotoxicity, but due to its ability to affect regulators of EMT such as Twist1. This result may facilitate the development of strategies that target Twist1 to treat metastatic breast cancer, as Twist1 is expressed at a high level in metastatic breast cancer cells but not in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam Nafie
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Jade Lolarga
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Elnaz Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Sandy Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States of America
| | - Carlotta Glackin
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States of America
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110
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Integrin-Linked Kinase Links Integrin Activation to Invadopodia Function and Invasion via the p(T567)-Ezrin/NHERF1/NHE1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042162. [PMID: 33671549 PMCID: PMC7926356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion depends largely on degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by protease-rich structures called invadopodia, whose formation and activity requires the convergence of signaling pathways engaged in cell adhesion, actin assembly, membrane regulation and ECM proteolysis. It is known that β1-integrin stimulates invadopodia function through an invadopodial p(T567)-ezrin/NHERF1/NHE1 signal complex that regulates NHE1-driven invadopodia proteolytic activity and invasion. However, the link between β1-integrin and this signaling complex is unknown. In this study, in metastatic breast (MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells, we report that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) integrates β1-integrin with this signaling complex to regulate invadopodia activity and invasion. Proximity ligation assay experiments demonstrate that, in invadopodia, ILK associates with β1-integrin, NHE1 and the scaffold proteins p(T567)-ezrin and NHERF1. Activation of β1-integrin increased both invasion and invadopodia activity, which were specifically blocked by inhibition of either NHE1 or ILK. We conclude that ILK integrates β1-integrin with the ECM proteolytic/invasion signal module to induce NHE1-driven invadopodial ECM proteolysis and cell invasion.
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111
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Zheng N, Zhang S, Wu W, Zhang N, Wang J. Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105507. [PMID: 33610718 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical hyper-vascular solid tumor; aberrantly rich in tumor vascular network contributes to its malignancy. Conventional anti-angiogenic therapies seem promising but transitory and incomplete efficacy on HCC. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is one of functional microcirculation patterns independent of endothelial vessels which describes the plasticity of highly aggressive tumor cells to form vasculogenic-like networks providing sufficient blood supply for tumor growth and metastasis. As a pivotal alternative mechanism for tumor vascularization when tumor cells undergo lack of oxygen and nutrients, VM has an association with the malignant phenotype and poor clinical outcome for HCC, and may challenge the classic anti-angiogenic treatment of HCC. Current studies have contributed numerous findings illustrating the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways supporting VM in HCC. In this review, we summarize the correlation between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs) and VM, the role of hypoxia and extracellular matrix remodeling in VM, the involvement of adjacent non-cancerous cells, cytokines and growth factors in VM, as well as the regulatory influence of non-coding RNAs on VM in HCC. Moreover, we discuss the clinical significance of VM in practice and the potential therapeutic strategies targeting VM for HCC. A better understanding of the mechanism underlying VM formation in HCC may optimize anti-angiogenic treatment modalities for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shaoqin Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jichuang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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112
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Bahroudi Z, Shoorei H, Abbas Raza SH, Taheri M. The interplay between non-coding RNAs and Twist1 signaling contribute to human disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111220. [PMID: 33433357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) being coded by the TWIST1 gene. This TF has a fundamental effect on the normal development and in the pathogenesis of various diseases especially cancer. Twist1 has interactions with some long non-coding RNAs and miRNAs. The interactions between this TF and various miRNAs such as miR-16, miR-26b-5p, miR-1271, miR-539, miR-214, miR-200b/c, miR-335, miR-10b, and miR-381 are implicated in the carcinogenic processes. TP73-AS1, LINC01638, ATB, NONHSAT101069, CASC15, H19, PVT1, LINC00339, LINC01385, TANAR, SNHG5, DANCR, CHRF, and TUG1 are among long non-coding RNAs which interact with Twist1 and participate in the carcinogenesis. This review aims at depicting the interaction between these non-coding transcripts and Twist1 and the consequence of these interactions in human neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahroudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biranjd University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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113
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Xu S, Zhou Y, Biekemitoufu H, Wang H, Li C, Zhang W, Ma Y. Expression of Twist, Slug and Snail in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their prognostic significance. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:184. [PMID: 33574923 PMCID: PMC7816285 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy worldwide. At present, surgical resection is the main treatment for esophageal cancer, but recurrence and distant metastasis are the main causes of mortality. The transcription factors Twist, Slug and Snail regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and thereby participate in tumor invasion and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of Twist, Slug and Snail in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their prognostic significance. The expression of Twist, Slug and Snail in 229 paraffin-embedded ESCC and matched normal mucosal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression differences of Twist, Slug and Snail in the ESCC and normal tissues were compared by χ2 test, and the associations between the three proteins and the clinicopathological parameters of ESCC were analyzed. The expression levels of Twist, Slug and Snail in 29 fresh frozen ESCC and matched normal mucosal tissues were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The correlations among Twist, Slug and Snail in ESCC were examined by Pearson's correlation analyses. In addition, single factor and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to analyze the influence of Twist, Slug and Snail on the prognosis of ESCC. Twist was found to be highly expressed in ESCC. The difference of Slug expression in ESCC was associated with differentiation degree, TNM stage and vascular invasion, but no significant association was observed between Snail expression and any clinicopathological parameters. In ESCC, there were significant differences in protein expression between Twist and Snail, and Slug and Snail. The mRNA expression level of Twist in ESCC was significantly higher than that in normal esophageal mucosa. However, the mRNA expression of Slug in normal esophageal mucosa was higher than that in ESCC, and the mRNA expression levels of Twist and Snail were positively correlated in ESCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis of 229 patients with ESCC revealed that Snail influenced the overall survival, as did the co-expression of Twist and Snail. Nerve invasion was also identified as an independent factor affecting the progression-free survival of ESCC. The results indicate that Twist is highly expressed, Slug may be a tumor suppressor, and Snail is an independent prognostic factor in ESCC. Twist and Snail are positively correlated, and the simultaneous inhibition of Twist and Snail protein expression may be beneficial for prolonging the overall survival of patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yaxing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hadeti Biekemitoufu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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HPRT promotes proliferation and metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through direct interaction with STAT3. Exp Cell Res 2020; 399:112424. [PMID: 33340493 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing effort has been put into finding novel molecular pathways to improve the efficiency of EGFR inhibitors against head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). In this study, we performed data mining and bioinformatically analysed RNA-Seq data downloaded from TCGA and confirmed that higher expression of HPRT in HNSCC tissue was related to poor prognosis of patients. Then, we conducted in vitro and in vivo loss- and gain-of-function experiments to demonstrate the role of HPRT in HNSCC cell lines. Overexpression of HPRT increased the gene expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition markers via direct interaction with STAT3. Knocking down HPRT significantly decreased tumour growth and enhanced the anticancer effect of EGFR inhibitors against HNSCC xenografts. In conclusion, HPRT is a binding partner of STAT3 that promotes EMT and proliferation. Our findings support HPRT as a promising prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target for HNSCC.
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115
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Fungal Dysbiosis Correlates with the Development of Tumor-Induced Cachexia in Mice. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040364. [PMID: 33322197 PMCID: PMC7770573 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia (CC) is a devastating metabolic syndrome associated with a series of underlying diseases that greatly affects life quality and expectancy among cancer patients. Studies involving mouse models, in which CC was induced through inoculation with tumor cells, originally suggested the existence of a direct correlation between the development of this syndrome and changes in the relative proportions of several bacterial groups present in the digestive tract. However, these analyses have focus solely on the characterization of bacterial dysbiosis, ignoring the possible existence of changes in the relative populations of fungi, during the development of CC. Thus, the present study sought to expand such analyses, by characterizing changes that occur in the gut fungal population (mycobiota) of mice, during the development of cancer-induced cachexia. Our results confirm that cachectic animals, submitted to Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) transplantation, display significant differences in their gut mycobiota, when compared to healthy controls. Moreover, identification of dysbiotic fungi showed remarkable consistency across successive levels of taxonomic hierarchy. Many of these fungi have also been associated with dysbioses observed in a series of gut inflammatory diseases, such as obesity, colorectal cancer (CRC), myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Nonetheless, the dysbiosis verified in the LLC model of cancer cachexia seems to be unique, presenting features observed in both obesity (reduced proportion of Mucoromycota) and CRC/ME/IBD (increased proportions of Sordariomycetes, Saccharomycetaceae and Malassezia). One species of Mucoromycota (Rhyzopus oryzae) stands out as a promising probiotic candidate in adjuvant therapies, aimed at treating and/or preventing the development of CC.
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116
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Yang GJ, Wang W, Lei PM, Leung CH, Ma DL. A 7-methoxybicoumarin derivative selectively inhibits BRD4 BD2 for anti-melanoma therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3204-3220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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117
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McDonald D, Wu Y, Dailamy A, Tat J, Parekh U, Zhao D, Hu M, Tipps A, Zhang K, Mali P. Defining the Teratoma as a Model for Multi-lineage Human Development. Cell 2020; 183:1402-1419.e18. [PMID: 33152263 PMCID: PMC7704916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We propose that the teratoma, a recognized standard for validating pluripotency in stem cells, could be a promising platform for studying human developmental processes. Performing single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of 179,632 cells across 23 teratomas from 4 cell lines, we found that teratomas reproducibly contain approximately 20 cell types across all 3 germ layers, that inter-teratoma cell type heterogeneity is comparable with organoid systems, and teratoma gut and brain cell types correspond well to similar fetal cell types. Furthermore, cellular barcoding confirmed that injected stem cells robustly engraft and contribute to all lineages. Using pooled CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens, we showed that teratomas can enable simultaneous assaying of the effects of genetic perturbations across all germ layers. Additionally, we demonstrated that teratomas can be sculpted molecularly via microRNA (miRNA)-regulated suicide gene expression to enrich for specific tissues. Taken together, teratomas are a promising platform for modeling multi-lineage development, pan-tissue functional genetic screening, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella McDonald
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amir Dailamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justin Tat
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Udit Parekh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dongxin Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ann Tipps
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Prashant Mali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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118
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Anatskaya OV, Vinogradov AE, Vainshelbaum NM, Giuliani A, Erenpreisa J. Phylostratic Shift of Whole-Genome Duplications in Normal Mammalian Tissues towards Unicellularity Is Driven by Developmental Bivalent Genes and Reveals a Link to Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228759. [PMID: 33228223 PMCID: PMC7699474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours were recently revealed to undergo a phylostratic and phenotypic shift to unicellularity. As well, aggressive tumours are characterized by an increased proportion of polyploid cells. In order to investigate a possible shared causation of these two features, we performed a comparative phylostratigraphic analysis of ploidy-related genes, obtained from transcriptomic data for polyploid and diploid human and mouse tissues using pairwise cross-species transcriptome comparison and principal component analysis. Our results indicate that polyploidy shifts the evolutionary age balance of the expressed genes from the late metazoan phylostrata towards the upregulation of unicellular and early metazoan phylostrata. The up-regulation of unicellular metabolic and drug-resistance pathways and the downregulation of pathways related to circadian clock were identified. This evolutionary shift was associated with the enrichment of ploidy with bivalent genes (p < 10−16). The protein interactome of activated bivalent genes revealed the increase of the connectivity of unicellulars and (early) multicellulars, while circadian regulators were depressed. The mutual polyploidy-c-MYC-bivalent genes-associated protein network was organized by gene-hubs engaged in both embryonic development and metastatic cancer including driver (proto)-oncogenes of viral origin. Our data suggest that, in cancer, the atavistic shift goes hand-in-hand with polyploidy and is driven by epigenetic mechanisms impinging on development-related bivalent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Anatskaya
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.V.A.); (A.E.V.); (J.E.)
| | - Alexander E. Vinogradov
- Department of Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.V.A.); (A.E.V.); (J.E.)
| | - Ninel M. Vainshelbaum
- Department of Oncology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Cancer Research Division, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia;
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Jekaterina Erenpreisa
- Department of Oncology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Cancer Research Division, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence: (O.V.A.); (A.E.V.); (J.E.)
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119
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He Y, Fan Z, He L, Zhang C, Ping F, Deng M, Liu S, Wang Y, Cheng B, Xia J. Metformin Combined with 4SC-202 Inhibited the Migration and Invasion of OSCC via STAT3/TWIST1. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11019-11029. [PMID: 33149616 PMCID: PMC7605634 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s268851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common epithelial malignant neoplasm in the head and neck, characterizes with local infiltration and metastasis of lymph nodes. The five-year survival rate of OSCC remains low despite the advances in clinical methods. Thus, it is necessary to develop a new effective therapeutic scheme for OSCC. Our previous results showed that metformin and 4SC-202 synergistically promoted the intrinsic apoptosis of OSCC in vitro and in vivo, but the effects on invasion and migration remained unclear. Methods Human OSCC cell lines HSC6 and CAL33 were cultured with metformin (16 mM) or/and 4SC-202 (0.4 μM) for 72 h. STAT3 inhibitor S31-201 was applied at concentration of 60 μM for 48 h. Wound-healing assays and transwell assays were used to determine the invasion and migration ability of OSCC. qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect mRNA levels and protein levels. Results Metformin or/and 4SC-202 suppressed the migration and invasion of OSCC cells. Importantly, the expression of TWIST1 was suppressed by metformin and 4SC-202, while the invasion and migration inhibitory effects of metformin and 4SC-202 were countered by the overexpression of TWIST1. In addition, the phosphorylation level of STAT3 decreased after the administration of metformin or/and 4SC-202. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT3 by S31-201 suppressed the expression of TWIST1 and led to a decline in migration and invasion of OSCC, while overexpression of TWIST1 attenuated these effects. Conclusion Metformin and 4SC-202 suppressed the invasion and migration of OSCC through inhibition of STAT3/TWIST1, and this scheme can serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaona Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Ping
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyang Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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120
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Long HK, Osterwalder M, Welsh IC, Hansen K, Davies JOJ, Liu YE, Koska M, Adams AT, Aho R, Arora N, Ikeda K, Williams RM, Sauka-Spengler T, Porteus MH, Mohun T, Dickel DE, Swigut T, Hughes JR, Higgs DR, Visel A, Selleri L, Wysocka J. Loss of Extreme Long-Range Enhancers in Human Neural Crest Drives a Craniofacial Disorder. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:765-783.e14. [PMID: 32991838 PMCID: PMC7655526 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding mutations at the far end of a large gene desert surrounding the SOX9 gene result in a human craniofacial disorder called Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). Leveraging a human stem cell differentiation model, we identify two clusters of enhancers within the PRS-associated region that regulate SOX9 expression during a restricted window of facial progenitor development at distances up to 1.45 Mb. Enhancers within the 1.45 Mb cluster exhibit highly synergistic activity that is dependent on the Coordinator motif. Using mouse models, we demonstrate that PRS phenotypic specificity arises from the convergence of two mechanisms: confinement of Sox9 dosage perturbation to developing facial structures through context-specific enhancer activity and heightened sensitivity of the lower jaw to Sox9 expression reduction. Overall, we characterize the longest-range human enhancers involved in congenital malformations, directly demonstrate that PRS is an enhanceropathy, and illustrate how small changes in gene expression can lead to morphological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Long
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marco Osterwalder
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ian C Welsh
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Institute of Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karissa Hansen
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Institute of Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James O J Davies
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiran E Liu
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mervenaz Koska
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander T Adams
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert Aho
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Institute of Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neha Arora
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kazuya Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruth M Williams
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew H Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tim Mohun
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Diane E Dickel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tomek Swigut
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jim R Hughes
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Douglas R Higgs
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Laboratory of Gene Regulation, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Institute of Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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121
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TWIST1-MicroRNA-10a-MAP3K7 Axis Ameliorates Synovitis of Osteoarthritis in Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:1107-1120. [PMID: 33294296 PMCID: PMC7691159 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synovitis refers to the inflammation of the synovial membrane and is commonly detected in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Recent reports have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) could be a promising target for diagnosis and prognosis in OA. This study examines the effect of microRNA-10a (miR-10a) in fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS)-mediated synovitis obtained from patients with OA. Expression of miR-10a is negatively associated with the severity of synovitis. miR-10a inhibited proliferation, migration, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines of OA-FLS that were obtained from OA patients in vitro. By using a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, miR-10a repressed proliferation of OA-FLSs and production of OA synovium-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo. Twist Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1 (TWIST1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (MAP3K7) were identified as an upstream regulator and direct target of miR-10a in OA-FLSs, respectively. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, a downstream pathway of MAP3K7, was also repressed by miR-10a in OA-FLSs. To summarize, the TWIST1-miR-10a-MAP3K7-NF-κB pathway mediates the development of synovitis in OA. miR-10a functions as an anti-inflammatory mediator in OA-FLS.
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122
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Razzaque MS, Atfi A. TGIF1-Twist1 axis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2568-2572. [PMID: 33005315 PMCID: PMC7520386 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TG-interacting factor 1 (TGIF1) exerts inhibitory effects on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling by suppressing Smad signaling pathway at multiple levels. TGIF1 activity is important for normal embryogenesis and organogenesis, yet its dysregulation can culminate in tumorigenesis. For instance, increased expression of TGIF1 correlates with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients, and enforced expression of TGIF1 facilitates Wnt-driven mammary tumorigenesis, suggesting that TGIF1 might function as an oncoprotein. Quite surprisingly, TGIF1 has recently been shown to function as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), possibly owing to its ability to antagonize the pro-malignant transcription factor Twist1. In this article, we will briefly elaborate on the biological and clinical significance of the unique tumor-suppressive function of TGIF1 and its functional interaction with Twist1 in the context of PDAC pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Razzaque
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
| | - Azeddine Atfi
- Department of Pathology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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123
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Ertosun MG, PehlİvanoĞlu S, DİlmaÇ S, TanriÖver G, ÖzeŞ ON. AKT-mediated phosphorylation of TWIST1 is essential for breast cancer cell metastasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 44:158-165. [PMID: 32922123 PMCID: PMC7478131 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1912-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previously, it was shown that human TWIST1 (basic helix-loop-helix (b-HLH) is phosphorylated by Akt kinase at S42, T121, and S123. To show in vivo effect of these phosphorylations, we created mouse TWIST1 expression vector and converted the codons of S42, T125, and S127 to unphosphorylatable alanine and phosphorylation mimicking Glutamic acid. We hypothesized that alanine mutants would inhibit the metastatic ability of 4T1 cells while glutamic acid mutants would convert nonmetastatic 67NR cells into metastatic phenotype. To confirm this hypothesis, we created metastatic 4T1 and nonmetastatic 67NR cells expressing alanine mutants and glutamic acid mutants mouse TWIST1, respectively. Then, we injected 1 × 106 67NR and 1 × 105 4T1 cells overexpressing mutants of TWIST1 into the breast tissue of BALB/c mice. At the end of the 4th week, we sacrificed the animals, determined the numbers of tumors at lungs and liver. Although 67NR cells overexpressing wild-type TWIST1 did not show any metastasis, cells overexpressing S42E and T125E mutants showed 15–30 macroscopic metastasis to liver and lungs. Parallel to this, 4T1 cells expressing S42A and T125A mutants of TWIST1 showed no macroscopic metastasis. Our results indicate that phosphorylation of S42 and T125 by AKT is essential for TWIST1-mediated tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gökhan Ertosun
- Department Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
| | - Suray PehlİvanoĞlu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya Turkey
| | - Sayra DİlmaÇ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
| | - Gamze TanriÖver
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya Turkey
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124
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Xu Z, Wu Z, Zhang J, Zhou R, Ye L, Yang P, Yu B. Development and validation of an oxidative phosphorylation-related gene signature in lung adenocarcinoma. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1333-1348. [PMID: 32787683 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-related gene signature of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Materials & methods: We split The Cancer Genome Atlas LUAD cohort into a training set and a test set; we used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox method to structure the OXPHOS-related prognostic signature in the training set and verified in the test set and GSE30219 dataset. Meanwhile, the diagnostic model was constructed using the logistic Cox method. Results: The signature consisted of seven genes (LDHA, CFTR, HSPD1, SNHG3, MAP1LC3C, COX6B2, and TWIST1). LUAD patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups, demonstrating good diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Conclusion: We developed the first-ever OXPHOS-related signature with both prognostic predictive power and diagnostic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.,Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, PR China
| | - Zilong Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Ruihao Zhou
- Department of Pain Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Pain Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China
| | - Pingliang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Xindu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Bentong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
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125
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Wang SC, Sun HL, Hsu YH, Liu SH, Lii CK, Tsai CH, Liu KL, Huang CS, Li CC. α-Linolenic acid inhibits the migration of human triple-negative breast cancer cells by attenuating Twist1 expression and suppressing Twist1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114152. [PMID: 32679125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA), an essential fatty acid, has anticancer activity in breast cancer, but the mechanism of its effects in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. We investigated the effect of ALA on Twist1, which is required to initiate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes tumor metastasis, and Twist1-mediated migration in MDA-MB231, MDA-MB468 and Hs578T cells. Twist1 protein was constitutively expressed in these TNBC cells, particularly MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment with 100 μM ALA and Twist1 siRNA markedly decreased the Twist1 protein level and cell migration. Moreover, ALA transiently attenuated the nuclear accumulation of STAT3α as well as Twist1 mRNA expression. Treatment with ALA significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and Akt and decreased the phosphorylation of Twist1 at serine 68 in MDA-MB-231 cells. ALA accelerated Twist1 degradation in the presence of cycloheximide, whereas the ubiquitination and degradation of Twist1 by ALA was suppressed by MG-132. Pretreatment with ALA mimicked Twist1 siRNA, increased the protein expression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin, and decreased the protein expression of mesenchymal markers including Twist1, Snail2, N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin. Our findings suggest that ALA can be used not only to abolish EMT but also to suppress Twist1-mediated migration in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chung Wang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Lun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Han Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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126
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Wang Y, Liao R, Chen X, Ying X, Chen G, Li M, Dong C. Twist-mediated PAR1 induction is required for breast cancer progression and metastasis by inhibiting Hippo pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:520. [PMID: 32647142 PMCID: PMC7347637 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is considered to be the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, and metastasis is the primary cause of death. Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is a GPCR family member involved in the invasive and metastatic processes of cancer cells. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of PAR1 in breast cancer remain unclear. In this study, we found that PAR1 is highly expressed in high invasive breast cancer cells, and predicts poor prognosis in ER-negative and high-grade breast cancer patients. Mechanistically, Twist transcriptionally induces PAR1 expression, leading to inhibition of Hippo pathway and activation of YAP/TAZ; Inhibition of PAR1 suppresses YAP/TAZ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration, cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties, tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that PAR1 acts as a direct transcriptionally target of Twist, can promote EMT, tumorigenicity and metastasis by controlling the Hippo pathway; this may lead to a potential therapeutic target for treating invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Surgical Oncology (breast center) of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruocen Liao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Surgical Oncology (breast center) of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Surgical Oncology (breast center) of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuhua Ying
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanping Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Surgical Oncology (breast center) of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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127
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Razzaque MS, Atfi A. Regulatory Role of the Transcription Factor Twist1 in Cancer-Associated Muscle Cachexia. Front Physiol 2020; 11:662. [PMID: 32655411 PMCID: PMC7324683 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle cachexia is a catabolic response, usually takes place in various fatal diseases, such as sepsis, burn injury, and chronic kidney disease. Muscle cachexia is also a common co-morbidity seen in the vast majority of advanced cancer patients, often associated with low quality of life and death due to general organ dysfunction. The triggering events and underlying molecular mechanisms of muscle wasting are not yet clearly defined. Our recent study has shown that the ectopic expression of Twist1 in muscle progenitor cells is sufficient to drive muscle structural protein breakdown and attendant muscle atrophy, reminiscent of muscle cachexia. Intriguingly, muscle Twist1 expression is highly induced in cachectic muscles from several mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), raising the interesting possibility that Twist1 may mediate PDAC-driven muscle cachexia. Along these lines, both genetic and pharmacological inactivation of Twist1 function was highly significant at protecting against cancer cachexia, which translated into a significant survival benefit in the experimental PDAC animals. From a translational perspective, elevated expression of Twist1 is also detected in cancer patients with severe muscle wasting, implicating a role of Twist1 in cancer cachexia, and further providing a possible target for therapeutic attenuation of cachexia to improve cancer patient survival. In this article, we will briefly summarize how Twist1 acts as a master regulator of tumor-induced cachexia, and discuss the relevance of our findings to muscle wasting diseases in general. The mechanism of decreased muscle mass in various catabolic conditions is thought to rely on similar pathways, and, therefore, Twist1-induced cancer cachexia may benefit diverse groups of patients with clinical complications associated with loss of muscle mass and functions, beyond the expected benefits for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Razzaque
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, United States
| | - Azeddine Atfi
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Xiao Y, Peng C, Xiao Y, Liang D, Yuan Z, Li Z, Shi M, Wang Y, Zhang F, Guo B. Oxymatrine Inhibits Twist-Mediated Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Upregulating Id2 Expression. Front Physiol 2020; 11:599. [PMID: 32636757 PMCID: PMC7317027 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The final pathway for the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) into chronic renal failure in DN is glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Renal tubular lesions can occur in the early stage of DN renal injury. Cumulative evidence shows that oxymatrine (OMT) has a variety of biological and pharmacological properties. In recent years, more attention has been paid on the preventive and therapeutic influence of OMT on organ fibrosis. In this experiment, db/db mice were intraperitoneally injected with OMT 120 mg/kg for 8 weeks, and NRK-52E cultured with 30 mmol/L glucose and 0.1 mg/mL OMT for 48-hour. We investigated the relationship between Id2 and Twist in NRK-52E cells and the effect of OMT on the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, Fibronectin, and Collagen-IV by Western blot, Real-time PCR, Immunofluorescence, cell transfection, Co-Immunoprecipitation, and Luciferase assays. OMT increased the expression of Id2 but decreased that of Twist under high glucose condition in vitro and in vivo. The promoted recovery of Id2 facilitated its binding to Twist and affected E-cadherin activity inhibiting EMT and the excessive proliferation and abnormal deposition of ECM. In brief, OMT promotes Id2 to reverse EMT and exert anti-fibrotic effect in diabetic renal tubular epithelial cells by binding Id2 to Twist and affecting its transcriptional activation of downstream target genes. Or findings provide a new experimental basis for delaying the progress and for treatment of diabetic renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Can Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yawen Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiping Yuan
- School Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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129
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Kaushik K, Das A. TWIST1-Reprogrammed Endothelial Cell Transplantation Potentiates Neovascularization-Mediated Diabetic Wound Tissue Regeneration. Diabetes 2020; 69:1232-1247. [PMID: 32234721 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypovascularized diabetic nonhealing wounds are due to reduced number and impaired physiology of endogenous endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) population that limits their recruitment and mobilization at the wound site. For enrichment of the EPC repertoire from nonendothelial precursors, abundantly available mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were reprogrammed into induced endothelial cells (iEC). We identified cell signaling molecular targets by meta-analysis of microarray data sets. BMP-2 induction leads to the expression of inhibitory Smad 6/7-dependent negative transcriptional regulation of ID1, rendering the latter's reduced binding to TWIST1 during transdifferentiation of Wharton jelly-derived MSC (WJ-MSC) into iEC. TWIST1, in turn, regulates endothelial gene transcription, positively of proangiogenic KDR and negatively, in part, of antiangiogenic SFRP4 Twist1 reprogramming enhanced the endothelial lineage commitment of WJ-MSC and increased the vasculogenic potential of reprogrammed endothelial cells (rEC). Transplantation of stable TWIST1 rEC into a type 1 and 2 diabetic full-thickness splinted wound healing murine model enhanced the microcirculatory blood flow and accelerated the wound tissue regeneration. An increased or decreased colocalization of GFP with KDR/SFRP4 and CD31 in the regenerated diabetic wound bed with TWIST1 overexpression or silencing (piLenti-TWIST1-shRNA-GFP), respectively, further confirmed improved neovascularization. This study depicted the reprogramming of WJ-MSC into rEC using unique transcription factor TWIST1 for an efficacious cell transplantation therapy to induce neovascularization-mediated diabetic wound tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kaushik
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Campus, Hyderabad, India
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130
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Li L, Zhang F. Novel long noncoding RNA LINC01385 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma proliferation via the miR-140-3p/Twist1 signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1352-1362. [PMID: 32264733 PMCID: PMC7469515 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1750133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been verified as a key modulator in tumor progression. However, the functions of lncRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unclear. In the present study, we explored lncRNAs expression patterns in NPC tissues by GEO dataset and selected the high expression lncRNA (LINC01385) to further study. Our data showed that LINC01385 expression was significantly increased NPC and correlated with advanced clinical features and poor prognosis. Function assays showed that knockdown of LINC01385 expression reduced the proliferation and invasion abilities of NPC cells in vitro. In mechanism, LINC01385 acted as a molecular sponge of miR-140-3p in NPC cells, Twist1 mRNA was validated as a direct target of miR-140-3p in NPC cells. The effects of the LINC01385 knockdown on malignant characteristics of NPC cells were greatly attenuated by miR-140-3p inhibition or Twist1 overexpression. Thus, we illustrated that LINC01385 aggravated the progression of NPC by sponging miR-140-3p and upregulating Twist1 expression, which implied LINC01385 might serve as a new potential therapeutic target for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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131
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TWIST1 Homodimers and Heterodimers Orchestrate Lineage-Specific Differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00663-19. [PMID: 32179550 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00663-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive array of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors and their combinations as dimers underpin the diversity of molecular function required for cell type specification during embryogenesis. The bHLH factor TWIST1 plays pleiotropic roles during development. However, which combinations of TWIST1 dimers are involved and what impact each dimer imposes on the gene regulation network controlled by TWIST1 remain elusive. In this work, proteomic profiling of human TWIST1-expressing cell lines and transcriptome analysis of mouse cranial mesenchyme have revealed that TWIST1 homodimers and heterodimers with TCF3, TCF4, and TCF12 E-proteins are the predominant dimer combinations. Disease-causing mutations in TWIST1 can impact dimer formation or shift the balance of different types of TWIST1 dimers in the cell, which may underpin the defective differentiation of the craniofacial mesenchyme. Functional analyses of the loss and gain of TWIST1-E-protein dimer activity have revealed previously unappreciated roles in guiding lineage differentiation of embryonic stem cells: TWIST1-E-protein heterodimers activate the differentiation of mesoderm and neural crest cells, which is accompanied by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. At the same time, TWIST1 homodimers maintain the stem cells in a progenitor state and block entry to the endoderm lineage.
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132
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Qin W, Liu Q, Xu X, Liu A, Zhang H, Gu J, Zhang T. A novel Twist1/hsa-miR138-5p/caspase-3 pathway regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis of human multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2020; 100:1815-1824. [PMID: 32388607 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear transcription factor twist-related protein 1 (Twist1) is associated with tumor malignant transformation and metastasis in various types of carcinomas. We found that Twist1 was highly expressed in clinical multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and explored its roles in proliferation and apoptosis in human MM cell lines U266 and RPMI-8226. In these cells, Twist1 transcriptionally regulated the miRNA hsa-miR138-5p, which targeted caspase-3 to control apoptosis. Silencing of Twist1 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, which was reversed by overexpression of hsa-miR138-5p or simultaneous silencing of caspase-3. This reversion was further substantiated by attenuated apoptotic signaling, including downregulated expression of the cleaved forms of caspase-3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 1 (PPAR1). We demonstrate here for the first time that the novel Twist1/hsa-miR138-5p/caspase-3 pathway contributes significantly to the proliferation and survival of human MM cells. Our study provides new insight for novel MM treatments by developing Twist1-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Qin
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huating Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Gu
- Worldwide Medical Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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133
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Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Chartoumpekis DV, Kyriazopoulou V, Zaravinos A. EMT Factors and Metabolic Pathways in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:499. [PMID: 32318352 PMCID: PMC7154126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a biological program during which epithelial cells lose their cell identity and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is normally observed during organismal development, wound healing and tissue fibrosis. However, this process can be hijacked by cancer cells and is often associated with resistance to apoptosis, acquisition of tissue invasiveness, cancer stem cell characteristics, and cancer treatment resistance. It is becoming evident that EMT is a complex, multifactorial spectrum, often involving episodic, transient or partial events. Multiple factors have been causally implicated in EMT including transcription factors (e.g., SNAIL, TWIST, ZEB), epigenetic modifications, microRNAs (e.g., miR-200 family) and more recently, long non-coding RNAs. However, the relevance of metabolic pathways in EMT is only recently being recognized. Importantly, alterations in key metabolic pathways affect cancer development and progression. In this review, we report the roles of key EMT factors and describe their interactions and interconnectedness. We introduce metabolic pathways that are involved in EMT, including glycolysis, the TCA cycle, lipid and amino acid metabolism, and characterize the relationship between EMT factors and cancer metabolism. Finally, we present therapeutic opportunities involving EMT, with particular focus on cancer metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dionysios V Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Venetsana Kyriazopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Life Sciences European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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134
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Cai X, Feng S, Zhang J, Qiu W, Qian M, Wang Y. USP18 deubiquitinates and stabilizes Twist1 to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma cells. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1156-1169. [PMID: 32368392 PMCID: PMC7191102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway drives the invasion and migration of multiple cancers including glioblastoma (GBM). Clinical interventions focused on inhibiting EMT are of increasing interest in the treatment of GBM. In the present study, we discovered that glioma tissues and cells, especially GBMs show significantly up-modulated ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) expression. Functionally, decreased USP18 expression attenuated GBM cell invasion and migration through repressing EMT. Moreover, a critical EMT-inducing transcription factor Twist1 that activates EMT, was identified as a downstream target of USP18. Mechanistically, USP18 interacts with Twist1, removes its ubiquitination off, and subsequently stabilizes it. Short hairpin RNA-mediated downregulation of USP18 accelerates Twist1 degradation, resulting in the inhibition of GBM cell invasion and migration in vitro and in a nude mouse model. Importantly, reconstituted expression of Twist1 almost completely rescues the inhibitory effect of USP18 depletion on GBM cell invasion, migration and tumor formation. Clinically, the expression levels of USP18 and Twist1 are positively relevant in GBM specimens, and high expression of USP18 correlates with patient's poor outcome. Finally, our findings unveil the crucial role of USP18 on GBM malignancy. Targeting USP18-Twist1 regulatory axis may open a novel avenue for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical UniversityWuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjin Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengshu Qian
- Department of Emergency, The 904th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical UniversityWuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical UniversityWuxi, Jiangsu, China
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135
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Zhang J, Zhang S, Gao S, Ma Y, Tan X, Kang Y, Ren W. HIF-1α, TWIST-1 and ITGB-1, associated with Tumor Stiffness, as Novel Predictive Markers for the Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2209-2222. [PMID: 32273760 PMCID: PMC7102918 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s246349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the relationship between hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), Twist family BHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST-1), and β1 integrin (ITGB-1) expression and tumor stiffness, and evaluate performance of HIF-1α, TWIST-1, and ITGB-1 alone and in combination with Ki-67 for predicting pathological responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer (BC). Patients and Methods This was a prospective cohort study of 104 BC patients receiving NACT. Tumor stiffness and oxygen score (OS) were evaluated before NACT by shear-wave elastography and optical imaging; HIF-1α, TWIST-1, ITGB-1, and Ki-67 expression were quantitatively assessed by immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tumor samples obtained by core needle biopsy. Indexes were compared among different residual cancer burden (RCB) groups, and associations of HIF-1α, TWIST-1, ITGB-1, and Ki-67 with tumor stiffness and OS were examined. The value of HIF-1α, TWIST-1, ITGB-1, and Ki-67, and a possible new combined index (predRCB) for predicting NACT responses was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results HIF-1α, TWIST-1, and ITGB-1 expression were positively correlated with tumor stiffness and negatively with OS. Area under the ROC curves (AUCs) measuring the performance of HIF-1α, TWIST-1, ITGB-1, and Ki-67 for predicting responses to NACT were 0.81, 0.85, 0.79, and 0.80 for favorable responses, and 0.83, 0.86, 0.84, and 0.85 for resistant responses, respectively. PredRCB showed better prediction than the other individual indexes for favorable responses (AUC = 0.88) and resistant responses (AUC = 0.92). Conclusion HIF-1α, TWIST-1, ITGB-1, and Ki-67 performed well in predicting favorable responses and resistance to NACT, and predRCB improved the predictive power of the individual indexes. These results support individualized treatment of BC patients receiving NACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Tan
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Kang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China
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136
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Forghanifard MM, Azaraz S, Ardalan Khales S, Morshedi Rad D, Abbaszadegan MR. MAML1 promotes ESCC aggressiveness through upregulation of EMT marker TWIST1. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2659-2668. [PMID: 32180088 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastermind-like 1 (MAML1) is the main transcriptional co-activator of Notch signaling pathway. It plays essential roles in several pathways including MEF2C, p53, Nf-кB and Wnt/β-catenin. TWIST1 is known as a regulator of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is considered as a primary step in promotion of tumor cell metastasis. Since concomitant expression of these genes was observed in tumors, our aim in this study was to elucidate the linkage between MAML1 and TWIST1 co-overexpression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). RESULTS While MAML1 silencing significantly down-regulated TWIST1, its ectopic expression up-regulated TWIST1 expression in both mRNA and protein levels in KYSE-30 cells. Expression of mesenchymal markers was increased significantly after MAML1 and TWIST1 ectopic expression, while epithelial markers expression was significantly decreased after silencing of both genes. Concomitant protein expression of MAML1 and TWIST1 was significantly observed in ESCC patients. Enforced expression of TWIST1 had no impact on MAML1 gene expression in KYSE-30 cells. CONCLUSION The results clearly suggest transcriptional regulation of TWIST1 by MAML1 transcription factor in ESCC cells KYSE-30. Since TWIST1 is known as an EMT inducing marker, our results may revealed the mastermind behind TWIST1 function and introduced MAML1 as an upstream master regulator of TWIST1 and EMT in KYSE-30 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirin Azaraz
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Ardalan Khales
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dorsa Morshedi Rad
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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137
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Ravi N, Yang M, Mylona N, Wennerberg J, Paulsson K. Global RNA Expression and DNA Methylation Patterns in Primary Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030680. [PMID: 32183222 PMCID: PMC7140095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most malignant tumors, with a median survival of only a few months. The tumorigenic processes of this disease have not yet been completely unraveled. Here, we report an mRNA expression and DNA methylation analysis of fourteen primary ATCs. ATCs clustered separately from normal thyroid tissue in unsupervised analyses, both by RNA expression and by DNA methylation. In expression analysis, enrichment of cell-cycle-related genes as well as downregulation of genes related to thyroid function were seen. Furthermore, ATC displayed a global hypomethylation of the genome but with hypermethylation of CpG islands. Notably, several cancer-related genes displayed a correlation between RNA expression and DNA methylation status, including MTOR, NOTCH1, and MAGI1. Furthermore, TSHR and SLC26A7, encoding the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and an iodine receptor highly expressed in normal thyroid, respectively, displayed low expression as well as aberrant gene body DNA methylation. This study is the largest investigation of global DNA methylation in ATC to date. It shows that aberrant DNA methylation is common in ATC and likely contributes to tumorigenesis in this disease. Future explorations of novel treatments should take this into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Ravi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden; (N.R.); (M.Y.)
| | - Minjun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden; (N.R.); (M.Y.)
| | - Nektaria Mylona
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Johan Wennerberg
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Kajsa Paulsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden; (N.R.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-222-69-95
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138
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Tian Y, Qi P, Niu Q, Hu X. Combined Snail and E-cadherin Predicts Overall Survival of Cervical Carcinoma Patients: Comparison Among Various Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:22. [PMID: 32185181 PMCID: PMC7058927 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of Snail and synergistic loss of E-cadherin are hallmark features of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to the metastasis phenotype of epithelial cancer cells. However, the prognostic impact of Snail and of its combination with E-cadherin and with other EMT prognostic markers has not yet been systematically studied in cervical carcinoma. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of combined Snail and E-cadherin in patients with cervical carcinoma and compared it to the prognostic value of other EMT prognostic markers. Methods We retrospectively identified every initial diagnosis of cervical carcinoma among 203 patients treated at our hospital in China from January 2008 to March 2013. We examined the prognostic significance of Snail and other EMT protein markers, such as E-cadherin, Slug, ZEB1, Twist, Vimentin, and Survivin, by univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Results Multivariate analyses showed that Snail and E-cadherin were significant biomarkers for overall survival (OS) in cervical carcinoma patients (HR, hazard ratio = 1.744, P = 0.036 and HR = 1.738, P = 0.047; respectively). Moreover, a combined index including Snail and E-cadherin showed enhanced prognostic value compared to that of Snail or E-cadherin alone. The present data demonstrate that Snail shows a negative correlation with E-cadherin (P < 0.001). High Snail expression and low E-cadherin expression were also more common in high tumor stages (P = 0.044 and P = 0.036; respectively), and lymph node metastasis (both P < 0.001). Moreover, Snail was a superior prognosis factor compared to Slug, ZEB1, Twist, Vimentin, and Survivin in cervical carcinoma. Conclusion Based on our results, Snail and E-cadherin may be considered as independent prognosis markers, and the combination of Snail and E-cadherin might improve the OS prediction accuracy for patients with cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Pathology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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139
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Mahmoud M, Souilhol C, Serbanovic-Canic J, Evans P. GATA4-Twist1 Signalling in Disturbed Flow-Induced Atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 33:231-237. [PMID: 30809744 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-019-06863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction (enhanced inflammation, proliferation and permeability) is the initial trigger for atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis shows preferential development near branches and bends exposed to disturbed blood flow. By contrast, sites that are exposed to non-disturbed blood flow are atheroprotected. Disturbed flow promotes atherosclerosis by promoting EC dysfunction. Blood flow controls EC function through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that are incompletely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified the developmental transcription factors Twist1 and GATA4 as being enriched in EC at disturbed flow, atheroprone regions of the porcine aorta in a microarray study. Further work using the porcine and murine aortae demonstrated that Twist1 and GATA4 expression was enhanced at the atheroprone, disturbed flow sites in vivo. Using controlled in vitro flow systems, the expression of Twist1 and GATA4 was enhanced under disturbed compared to non-disturbed flow in cultured cells. Disturbed flow promoted Twist1 expression through a GATA4-mediated transcriptional mechanism as revealed by a series of in vivo and in vitro studies. GATA4-Twist1 signalling promoted EC proliferation, inflammation, permeability and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) under disturbed flow, leading to atherosclerosis development, as shown in a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies using GATA4 and Twist1-specific siRNA and EC-specific GATA4 and Twist1 Knock out (KO) mice. CONCLUSIONS We revealed that GATA4-Twist1-Snail signalling triggers EC dysfunction and atherosclerosis; this work could lead to the development of novel anti-atherosclerosis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mahmoud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
| | - Celine Souilhol
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jovana Serbanovic-Canic
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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140
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Li WZ, Zou Y, Song ZY, Wei ZW, Chen G, Cai QL, Wang Z. Long non-coding RNA SNHG5 affects the invasion and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma by regulating the miR-363-3p-Twist1 interaction. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:697-707. [PMID: 32194916 PMCID: PMC7061841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNA dysregulation is associated with many human diseases, including cancer. This study explored the effects of lncRNA SNHG5 on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We found that lncRNA SNHG5 is upregulated in human ccRCC tissues and that lncRNA SNHG5 inhibition reduced ccRCC cell invasion and promoted apoptosis in vitro. Bioinformatics database searching revealed that lncRNA SNHG5 is predicted to regulate the interaction between miR-363-3p and Twist1. We further verified a ccRCC biomarker panel, which consists of lncRNA SNHG5, miR-363-3p, and Twist1 in ccRCC tissue samples. The direct SNHG5-miR-363-3p and Twist1-miR-363-3p interactions were confirmed via dual-luciferase reporter assays. Additionally, functional assays demonstrated that SNHG5 promotes cell invasion and inhibits apoptosis, while miR-363-3p inhibits cell invasion and promotes apoptosis via an interaction with Twist1. Furthermore, we found that Twist1 promotes tumor metastasis by regulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 levels. Together, these results suggest that lncRNA SNHG5 may predict ccRCC patient clinical outcome and serve as a novel anti-ccRCC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhi Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200011, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200011, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Song
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 201508, China
| | - Zi-Wei Wei
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200011, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 201508, China
| | - Qi-Liang Cai
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200011, China
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141
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Tan Z, Chiu MS, Yan CW, Wong YC, Huang H, Man K, Chen Z. Antimesothelioma Immunotherapy by CTLA-4 Blockade Depends on Active PD1-Based TWIST1 Vaccination. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 16:302-317. [PMID: 32195318 PMCID: PMC7068049 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint immunotherapy is a major breakthrough for cancer treatment, yet its efficacy is often limited against many types of malignancies, including malignant mesothelioma. Considering that the immunotherapeutic efficacy depends on immunosurveillance, we sought to develop an active immunization method to break immune tolerance to tumor self-antigen. Here, we demonstrated that TWIST1, the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, was associated with human mesothelioma tumorigenesis and required for the invasion and metastasis of mesothelioma in the immune-competent murine AB1 model. When conventional TWIST1 vaccines were not effective in vivo, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)-based vaccination provided prophylactic control by inducing long-lasting TWIST1-specific T cell responses against both subcutaneous and metastatic mesothelioma lethal challenges. Furthermore, while CTLA-4 blockade alone did not show any immunotherapeutic efficacy against established mesothelioma, its combination with PD1-based vaccination resulted in 60% complete remission. Mechanistically, these functional T cells recognized a novel highly conserved immunodominant TWIST1 epitope, exhibited cytotoxic activity and long-term memory, and led to durable tumor regression and survival benefit against established AB1 mesothelioma and 4T1 breast cancer. We concluded that PD1-based vaccination controls mesothelioma by breaking immune tolerance to the tumor self-antigen TWIST1. Our results warrant clinical development of the PD1-based vaccination to enhance immunotherapy against a wide range of TWIST1-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Tan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Mei Sum Chiu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chi Wing Yan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yik Chun Wong
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Haode Huang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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142
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Ren J, Crowley SD. Twist1: A Double-Edged Sword in Kidney Diseases. KIDNEY DISEASES 2020; 6:247-257. [PMID: 32903940 DOI: 10.1159/000505188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix domain containing transcription factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, survival, and inflammatory responses by transcriptionally regulating a wide range of downstream target genes. Its homologous protein, Twist2, shares many structural and functional similarities with Twist1. Summary Accumulating evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies suggests that Twist1 is a pivotal regulator of several forms of renal disease. Twist1 is persistently activated following renal insults, particularly in chronic kidney diseases, and contributes to the renal inflammatory responses, tubular cell transformation programs, and possibly fibroblast activation, all of which are involved in the initiation and progression of kidney diseases. Key Message This review will specifically focus on Twist1 and outline our understanding of its functions in kidney disorders along with the introduction of Twist2 where pertinent. The thorough knowledge of Twist1's actions in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases should facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafa Ren
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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143
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Pan J, Fang S, Tian H, Zhou C, Zhao X, Tian H, He J, Shen W, Meng X, Jin X, Gong Z. lncRNA JPX/miR-33a-5p/Twist1 axis regulates tumorigenesis and metastasis of lung cancer by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:9. [PMID: 31941509 PMCID: PMC6961326 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-1133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and Twist1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cell dissemination are well established, but the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Twist1-mediated signaling remains largely unknown. Methods RT-qPCR and western blotting were conducted to detect the expression levels of lncRNA JPX and Twist1 in lung cancer cell lines and tissues. The impact of JPX on Twist1 expression, cell growth, invasion, apoptosis, and in vivo tumor growth were investigated in lung cancer cells by western blotting, rescue experiments, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and xenograft animal experiment. Results We observed that lncRNA JPX was upregulated in lung cancer metastatic tissues and was closely correlated with tumor size and an advanced stage. Functionally, JPX promoted lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro and facilitated lung tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, JPX upregulated Twist1 by competitively sponging miR-33a-5p and subsequently induced EMT and lung cancer cell invasion. Interestingly, JPX and Twist1 were coordinately upregulated in lung cancer tissues and cells. Mechanically, the JPX/miR-33a-5p/Twist1 axis participated in EMT progression by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusions These findings suggest that lncRNA JPX, a mediator of Twist1 signaling, could predispose lung cancer cells to metastasis and may serve as a potential target for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchang Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Haihua Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Ningbo Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315048, China
| | - Jinxian He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315048, China
| | - Weiyu Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315048, China
| | - Xiaodan Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhaohui Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Nurnberg ST, Guerraty MA, Wirka RC, Rao HS, Pjanic M, Norton S, Serrano F, Perisic L, Elwyn S, Pluta J, Zhao W, Testa S, Park Y, Nguyen T, Ko YA, Wang T, Hedin U, Sinha S, Barash Y, Brown CD, Quertermous T, Rader DJ. Genomic profiling of human vascular cells identifies TWIST1 as a causal gene for common vascular diseases. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008538. [PMID: 31917787 PMCID: PMC6975560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple novel genomic loci associated with vascular diseases. Many of these loci are common non-coding variants that affect the expression of disease-relevant genes within coronary vascular cells. To identify such genes on a genome-wide level, we performed deep transcriptomic analysis of genotyped primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) and coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs) from the same subjects, including splicing Quantitative Trait Loci (sQTL), allele-specific expression (ASE), and colocalization analyses. We identified sQTLs for TARS2, YAP1, CFDP1, and STAT6 in HCASMCs and HCAECs, and 233 ASE genes, a subset of which are also GTEx eGenes in arterial tissues. Colocalization of GWAS association signals for coronary artery disease (CAD), migraine, stroke and abdominal aortic aneurysm with GTEx eGenes in aorta, coronary artery and tibial artery discovered novel candidate risk genes for these diseases. At the CAD and stroke locus tagged by rs2107595 we demonstrate colocalization with expression of the proximal gene TWIST1. We show that disrupting the rs2107595 locus alters TWIST1 expression and that the risk allele has increased binding of the NOTCH signaling protein RBPJ. Finally, we provide data that TWIST1 expression influences vascular SMC phenotypes, including proliferation and calcification, as a potential mechanism supporting a role for TWIST1 in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia T. Nurnberg
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marie A. Guerraty
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Wirka
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - H. Shanker Rao
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Scott Norton
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Felipe Serrano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ljubica Perisic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Susannah Elwyn
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John Pluta
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Testa
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - YoSon Park
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yoseph Barash
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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145
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Wang XX, Yin GQ, Zhang ZH, Rong ZH, Wang ZY, Du DD, Wang YD, Gao RX, Xian GZ. TWIST1 transcriptionally regulates glycolytic genes to promote the Warburg metabolism in pancreatic cancer. Exp Cell Res 2020; 386:111713. [PMID: 31705846 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reprogrammed glucose metabolism is essential for tumor initiation and development, especially for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Most cancer cells rely on aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon termed "the Warburg effect", to support uncontrolled proliferation and evade apoptosis. However, the direct regulators of the Warburg effect remain areas of active investigation. In this study, we found that the highly conserved transcription factor, TWIST1, is a crucial regulator of aerobic glycolysis in PDAC. Genetic silencing of TWIST1 significantly inhibited the glycolytic phenotypes of PDAC cells as revealed by reduced glucose uptake, lactate production, and extracellular acidification rate, which can be restored by re-expression of siRNA-resistant TWIST1. Moreover, tamoxifen-inducible expression of TWIST1 promoted the Warburg metabolism of PDAC cells. Mechanistically, by luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment, we showed that TWIST1 can directly increase the expression of several glycolytic genes, including SLC2A1, HK2, ENO1, and PKM2. Of note, the transcriptional regulation by TWIST1 was not dependent on HIF1α or c-Myc. In The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus accession GSE15471, we confirmed that TWIST1 was closely associated with the glycolysis pathway. Collectively, our findings indicate that TWIST1 is likely to act as important regulator of the Warburg effect in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guo-Qing Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Qingzhou People's Hospital, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhong-Hou Rong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong-Dong Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shangdong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ru-Xin Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shangdong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guo-Zhe Xian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong Province, China.
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146
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Jen WP, Chen HM, Lin YS, Chern Y, Lee YC. Twist1 Plays an Anti-apoptotic Role in Mutant Huntingtin Expression Striatal Progenitor Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1688-1703. [PMID: 31813126 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1 (Twist1) has been implicated in embryogenesis and carcinogenesis, due to its effects on cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis signaling. Interestingly, a connection between Twist1 and neurotoxicity was recently made in mutant huntingtin (mHtt)-expressing primary cortical neurons; however, the role of Twist1 in Huntington's disease (HD)-affected striatal neurons remains undescribed. In this study, we evaluated the expression and function of Twist1 in the R6/2 HD mouse model, which expresses the polyQ-expanded N-terminal portion of human HTT protein, and a pair of striatal progenitor cell lines (STHdhQ109 and STHdhQ7), which express polyQ-expanded or non-expanded full-length mouse Htt. We further probed upstream signaling events and Twist1 anti-apoptotic function in the striatal progenitor cell lines. Twist1 was increased in mHtt-expressing striatal progenitor cells (STHdhQ109) and was correlated with disease progression in striatum and cortex brain regions of R6/2 mice. In the cell model, downregulation of Twist1 induced death of STHdhQ109 cells but had no effect on wild-type striatal progenitor cells (STHdhQ7). Twist1 knockdown stimulated caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were increased in HD striatal progenitor cells and acted as an upstream regulator of Twist1. As such, inhibition of STAT3 induced apoptosis in HD striatal progenitor cells. Our results suggest that mHtt upregulates STAT3 to induce Twist1 expression. Upregulated Twist1 inhibits apoptosis, which may protect striatal cells from death during disease progression. Thus, we propose that Twist1 might play a protective role against striatal degeneration in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Jen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Sien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan. .,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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147
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Kim BR, Ha J, Lee S, Park J, Cho S. Anti-cancer effects of ethanol extract of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. radix in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inhibition of MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112179. [PMID: 31445130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Reynoutria japonica Houtt. has been used as a traditional medicine of cancer in East Asia for thousands of years. However, the mechanism of the anti-cancer effect of R. japonica has not been investigated at the molecular level. The regulation of intracellular signaling pathways by the extract of R. japonica radix needs to be evaluated for a deeper understanding and application of the anti-cancer effect of R. japonica radix. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the ethanol extracts of R. japonica radix (ERJR) on cancer metastasis and the regulation mechanism of metastasis by ERJR in human hepatocellular carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Suppression of cancer metastasis by ERJR in SK-Hep1 and Huh7 cells were investigated. Prior to experiments, the cytotoxic effect of ERJR was examined by cell viability assays. To evaluate the inhibitory effects of ERJR on cancer metastasis, wound-healing assays, invasion assays, zymography, and multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) assays were performed. Molecular mechanisms in the suppressive regulation of metastasis by ERJR were verified by measuring the expression levels of metastatic markers, and the phosphorylation and protein levels of cancer metastasis-related signaling pathways. RESULTS In all experiments, ERJR was used at a maximum concentration of 20 μg/ml, which did not show cytotoxicity in SK-Hep1 and Huh7 cells. We examined the inhibitory effects of ERJR on cancer metastasis. In wound-healing and invasion assays, ERJR treatment effectively suppressed the wound-recovery of Huh7 cells and inhibited the invasion ability of SK-Hep1 cells. Also, ERJR treatment significantly decreased the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in SK-Hep1 cells. ERJR suppressed the growth of MCTS in SK-Hep1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that ERJR effectively inhibited the invasive and proliferative ability of SK-Hep1 and Huh7 cells. Moreover, ERJR treatment reduced the expression levels of Snail1, Twist1, N-cadherin, and Vimentin, which are metastatic markers, by inhibiting the activation of protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinases in SK-Hep1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results verified the molecular mechanism of ERJR that has been used in traditional anti-cancer remedy and suggest that it can be developed as a promising therapy for cancer metastasis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Reum Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Jain Ha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Sewoong Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Sayeon Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
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148
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Yu CY, Liu BH, Tang SY, Liang RY, Hsu KH, Chuang SM. HR23A-knockdown lung cancer cells exhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and gain stemness properties through increased Twist1 stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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149
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Mazzarino RC, Baresova V, Zikánová M, Duval N, Wilkinson TG, Patterson D, Vacano GN. The CRISPR-Cas9 crADSL HeLa transcriptome: A first step in establishing a model for ADSL deficiency and SAICAR accumulation. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 21:100512. [PMID: 31516833 PMCID: PMC6731210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) catalyzes two steps in de novo purine synthesis (DNPS). Mutations in ADSL can result in inborn errors of metabolism characterized by developmental delay and disorder phenotypes, with no effective treatment options. Recently, SAICAR, a metabolic substrate of ADSL, has been found to have alternative roles in the cell, complicating the role of ADSL. crADSL, a CRISPR KO of ADSL in HeLa cells, was constructed to investigate DNPS and ADSL in a human cell line. Here we employ this cell line in an RNA-seq analysis to initially investigate the effect of DNPS and ADSL deficiency on the transcriptome as a first step in establishing a cellular model of ADSL deficiency. We report transcriptome changes in genes relevant to development, vascular development, muscle, and cancer biology, which provide interesting avenues for future research.
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Key Words
- Adenylosuccinate lyase
- Purine synthesis
- RNA-seq
- Transcriptome
- adenosine monophosphate, (AMP)
- adenylosuccinate lyase, (ADSL)
- aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide, (AICAR)
- de novo purine synthesis, (DNPS)
- differentially expressed gene, (DEG)
- false discovery rate, (FDR)
- fetal calf macroserum, (FCM)
- fragments per kilobase of exon per million reads mapped, (FPKM)
- gene ontology, (GO)
- guanosine monophosphate, (GMP)
- minus adenine crADSL to minus adenine WT comparison, (MM)
- phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, (PRPP)
- phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide, (SAICAR)
- plus adenine crADSL to plus adenine WT comparison, (PP)
- succinyladenosine monophosphate, (SAMP)
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall C. Mazzarino
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Veronika Baresova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Zikánová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nathan Duval
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Terry G. Wilkinson
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - David Patterson
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Guido N. Vacano
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
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150
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Shakib H, Rajabi S, Dehghan MH, Mashayekhi FJ, Safari-Alighiarloo N, Hedayati M. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review. Endocrine 2019; 66:435-455. [PMID: 31378850 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Metastatic progression of solid tumors, such as thyroid cancer is a complex process which involves various factors. Current understanding on the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in thyroid carcinomas suggests that EMT is implicated in the progression from follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). According to the literature, the initiation of the EMT program in thyroid epithelial cells elevates the number of stem cells, which contribute to recurrent and metastatic diseases. The EMT process is orchestrated by a complex network of transcription factors, growth factors, signaling cascades, epigenetic modulations, and the tumor milieu. These factors have been shown to be dysregulated in thyroid carcinomas. Therefore, molecular interferences restoring the expression of tumor suppressors, or thwarting overexpressed oncogenes is a hopeful therapeutic method to improve the treatment of progressive diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on EMT in thyroid cancer focusing on the main role-players and regulators of this process in thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewa Shakib
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Rajabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Nahid Safari-Alighiarloo
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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