101
|
Miyamoto Y, Hiyoshi Y, Sawayama H, Tokunaga R, Baba H. Precision medicine for adjuvant chemotherapy of resected colorectal cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2020; 4:635-645. [PMID: 33319153 PMCID: PMC7726679 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in Japan. Surgical resection is the only curative option for localized disease. However, undetectable micrometastases remaining after curative surgery may cause disease recurrence. Adjuvant chemotherapy aims to eradicate these micrometastases to improve the cure rate. Unfortunately, few reliable prognostic and predictive markers are available that identify patients at high risk for CRC during early-stage disease. However, promising biomarkers may become available in the near future. Such biomarkers provide information for stratifying a patient's risk and for selecting the optimal treatment. Here, we provide an overview of current relevant prognostic and predictive biomarkers applicable to adjuvant treatment of early-stage CRC and focus on the future of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Ryuma Tokunaga
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
An Overview of Gut Microbiota and Colon Diseases with a Focus on Adenomatous Colon Polyps. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197359. [PMID: 33028024 PMCID: PMC7582333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known and accepted that the gut microbiota composition of an organism has an impact on its health. Many studies deal with this topic, the majority discussing gastrointestinal health. Adenomatous colon polyps have a high prevalence as colon cancer precursors, but in many cases, they are hard to diagnose in their early stages. Gut microbiota composition correlated with the presence of adenomatous colon polyps may be a noninvasive and efficient tool for diagnosis with a high impact on human wellbeing and favorable health care costs. This review is meant to analyze the gut microbiota correlated with the presence of adenomatous colon polyps as the first step for early diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment.
Collapse
|
103
|
Serna G, Ruiz-Pace F, Hernando J, Alonso L, Fasani R, Landolfi S, Comas R, Jimenez J, Elez E, Bullman S, Tabernero J, Capdevila J, Dienstmann R, Nuciforo P. Fusobacterium nucleatum persistence and risk of recurrence after preoperative treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1366-1375. [PMID: 32569727 PMCID: PMC7542577 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has identified Fusobacterium as an important pathogenic gut bacterium associated with colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, only limited data exist about the role of this bacterium in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). In this study, we quantified Fusobacterium nucleatum in untreated and post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) samples from LARC patients and investigated its association with therapy response and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 254 samples from 143 patients with rectal adenocarcinomas were analyzed for the presence and abundance of F. nucleatum using RNA in situ hybridization and digital image analysis. Assay accuracy was determined using infected cell lines and tumor samples with available quantitative PCR data. We studied the impact of F. nucleatum load on pathologic complete response and relapse-free survival. Treatment-induced changes were evaluated in paired pre- and post-nCRT samples (n = 71). Finally, tumor microenvironment changes during nCRT were assessed in paired samples (n = 45) by immune contexture analysis. RESULTS F. nucleatum tissue levels by RNA in situ hybridization strongly correlated with quantitative PCR (r = 0.804, P < 0.001). F. nucleatum abundance was higher in untreated [median, 7.4; 95% confidence interval (3.7-16.2)] compared with treated [median, 1.6; 95% confidence interval (1.3-2.4)] tumors (P <0.001) with 58% (73/126) and 26% (22/85) positive tumors, respectively (P < 0.001). Baseline F. nucleatum levels were not associated with pathologic complete response. F. nucleatum positivity after nCRT, but not baseline status, significantly increased risk of relapse [hazard ratio = 7.5, 95% confidence interval (3.0-19.0); P < 0.001]. Tumors that turned F. nucleatum-negative after nCRT had a strong increase in CD8+ T cells post-nCRT (P < 0.001), while those that persisted F. nucleatum-positive after nCRT lacked CD8+ T cells induction in post-nCRT samples compared with baseline (P = 0.69). CONCLUSION F. nucleatum persistence post-nCRT is associated with high relapse rates in LARC, potentially linked to suppression of immune cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Serna
- Molecular Oncology Group, Spain
| | - F Ruiz-Pace
- Oncology Data Science Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Hernando
- Medical Oncology Department, Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Tumor Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - S Landolfi
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Comas
- Oncology Data Science Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - E Elez
- Medical Oncology Department, Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Tumor Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Bullman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - J Tabernero
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), IOB-Quiron, UVic-UCC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Capdevila
- Medical Oncology Department, Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Tumor Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Dienstmann
- Oncology Data Science Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
104
|
Sayed IM, Chakraborty A, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Sharma A, Sahan AZ, Huang WJM, Sahoo D, Ghosh P, Hazra TK, Das S. The DNA Glycosylase NEIL2 Suppresses Fusobacterium-Infection-Induced Inflammation and DNA Damage in Colonic Epithelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1980. [PMID: 32872214 PMCID: PMC7565382 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer, while the majority (80-85%) of CRCs are sporadic and are microsatellite stable (MSS), and approximately 15-20% of them display microsatellite instability (MSI). Infection and chronic inflammation are known to induce DNA damage in host tissues and can lead to oncogenic transformation of cells, but the role of DNA repair proteins in microbe-associated CRCs remains unknown. Using CRC-associated microbes such as Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) in a coculture with murine and human enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs), here, we show that, among all the key DNA repair proteins, NEIL2, an oxidized base-specific DNA glycosylase, is significantly downregulated after Fn infection. Fn infection of NEIL2-null mouse-derived EDMs showed a significantly higher level of DNA damage, including double-strand breaks and inflammatory cytokines. Several CRC-associated microbes, but not the commensal bacteria, induced the accumulation of DNA damage in EDMs derived from a murine CRC model, and Fn had the most pronounced effect. An analysis of publicly available transcriptomic datasets showed that the downregulation of NEIL2 is often encountered in MSS compared to MSI CRCs. We conclude that the CRC-associated microbe Fn induced the downregulation of NEIL2 and consequent accumulation of DNA damage and played critical roles in the progression of CRCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M. Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (I.M.S.); (A.S.); (A.Z.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555, USA; (A.C.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.; (A.A.A.E.-H.); (W.J.M.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (I.M.S.); (A.S.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Ayse Z. Sahan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (I.M.S.); (A.S.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Wendy Jia Men Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.; (A.A.A.E.-H.); (W.J.M.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob’s School of Engineering, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.; (A.A.A.E.-H.); (W.J.M.H.); (P.G.)
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tapas K. Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555, USA; (A.C.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (I.M.S.); (A.S.); (A.Z.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Reynolds IS, Thomas V, O'Connell E, Fichtner M, McNamara DA, Kay EW, Prehn JHM, Burke JP, Furney SJ. Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum: A Whole Genome Sequencing Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1682. [PMID: 32984045 PMCID: PMC7479243 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the rectum is an infrequently encountered histological subtype that is associated with an impaired response to chemoradiotherapy and a worse overall prognosis. A genomic profile analysis of mucinous rectal tumors has not yet been performed. The aim of this study was to comprehensively describe the burden of somatic mutations and copy number variation as well as perform mutational signature and microbial analysis of an in-house collected cohort of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from 10 cases of mucinous rectal cancer and matched normal tissue. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out on these 10 cases and a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis was undertaken. Results The average number of SNVs, InDels and SVs in the cohort was 16,600, 1,855, and 120, respectively. A single case was MSI-H. KRAS mutations were found in 70% of cases while TP53 was mutated in only 40% of cases. CNA gain was identified on chromosomes 7, 8, 12, 13, and 20 while CNA loss was found on chromosomes 4, 8, 17, and 18 corresponding to oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, respectively. Overall mucinous rectal cancers are more likely to be MSI-H and to have KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations when compared to rectal adenocarcinoma NOS. Microbial analysis demonstrated an abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum in tumor samples compared to normal tissue. Conclusion This study provides a detailed WGS analysis of 10 cases of mucinous rectal cancer. It demonstrates an important lesson in tumor biology in that histologically similar tumors can have extensive differences at the genomic level. This study is relevant as it raises important questions about the relationship between bacteria and malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Reynolds
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Valentina Thomas
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Genomic Oncology Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer O'Connell
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Fichtner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deborah A McNamara
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elaine W Kay
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John P Burke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon J Furney
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Genomic Oncology Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
King M, Hurley H, Davidson KR, Dempsey EC, Barron MA, Chan ED, Frey A. The Link between Fusobacteria and Colon Cancer: a Fulminant Example and Review of the Evidence. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e30. [PMID: 32895617 PMCID: PMC7458797 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic infections due to Fusobacterium may originate in the tonsillar/internal jugular veins or from the abdomen. We encountered a patient who presented with bacteremia, fulminant septic shock, and extensive soft tissue pyogenic infection due to Fusobacterium necrophorum. In addition, there was widespread metastatic colon cancer with the unique finding of pre-mortem co-localization of F. necrophorum and cancer cells at a site distant from the colon. We reviewed the literature of the association of F. necrophorum and colon cancer, and discuss the evidence of how each of these 2 distinct entities may mutually augment the development or progression of the other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina King
- Department of Medicine, Denver Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hermione Hurley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kevin R Davidson
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward C Dempsey
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Pulmonary Section, Medicine Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michelle A Barron
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward D Chan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Pulmonary Section, Medicine Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine and Office of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Amy Frey
- Department of Pathology, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Qu G, Sun C, Sharma M, Uy JP, Song EJ, Bhan C, Shu L. Is antibiotics use really associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:1397-1412. [PMID: 32504337 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between antibiotics and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has drawn increasing attention but remains controversial. This study was performed to clarify the association. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on seven electronic databases. The pooled odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the association using the fixed-effects model or the random-effects model. RESULTS Ten studies that contained 4,853,289 participants were included in our study. We found that antibiotics use was associated with a higher risk of CRC (OR 1.09, 95%CI 1.02-1.17, I2 = 92.8%). More than 60 days of antibiotics use and 5 prescriptions of antibiotics were significantly associated with a higher risk of CRC. Sub-analysis on different types of antibiotics found that anti-anaerobic antibiotics, penicillins, and quinolones use led to increased risk of CRC (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.44, I2 = 89.1%; OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.13, I2 = 69.2%; OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03-1.35, I2 = 88.2%; respectively) and colon cancer (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04-1.58, I2 = 98.5%; OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.12, I2 = 0; OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.15, I2 = 0; respectively). However, antibiotics use was not significantly associated with rectal cancer (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.92-1.16, I2 = 77.6%). CONCLUSION It needs attention that antibiotics use is associated with a higher risk of CRC, especially for colon cancer. Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk of CRC when prescribing anti-anaerobic antibiotics, penicillins, and quinolones in the future. Further studies are needed to assess any potential differences by tumor sites and class of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA.
| | - Monica Sharma
- Infectious Disease, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA
| | - John Patrick Uy
- Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA
| | - Evelyn J Song
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chandur Bhan
- Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA
| | - Liqin Shu
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Anhui Province (Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Seligmann JF, Elliott F, Richman S, Hemmings G, Brown S, Jacobs B, Williams C, Tejpar S, Barrett JH, Quirke P, Seymour M. Clinical and molecular characteristics and treatment outcomes of advanced right-colon, left-colon and rectal cancers: data from 1180 patients in a phase III trial of panitumumab with an extended biomarker panel. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1021-1029. [PMID: 32387453 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary tumour location (PTL) is being adopted by clinicians to guide treatment decisions in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Here we test PTL as a predictive marker for panitumumab efficacy, and examine its relationship with an extended biomarker profile. We also examine rectal tumours as a separate location. PATIENTS AND METHODS mCRC patients from the second-line PICCOLO trial of irinotecan versus irinotecan/panitumumab (IrPan). PTL was classified as right-PTL, left-PTL or rectal-PTL. PTL was assessed as a predictive biomarker for IrPan effect in RAS-wild-type (RAS-wt) patients (compared with irinotecan alone), then tested for independence alongside an extended biomarker profile (BRAF, epiregulin/amphiregulin (EREG/AREG) and HER3 mRNA expression). RESULTS PTL data were available for 1180 patients (98.5%), of whom 558 were RAS-wt. High HER3 expression was independently predictive of panitumumab overall survival improvement, but PTL and EREG/AREG were not. IrPan progression-free survival (PFS) improvement compared with irinotecan was seen in left-PTL [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.61, P = 0.002) but not right-PTL (HR = 0.98, P = 0.90) (interaction P = 0.05; RAS/BRAF-wt interaction P = 0.10), or in rectal-PTL (HR = 0.82, P = 0.20) (interaction P = 0.14 compared with left-PTL; RAS/BRAF-wt interaction P = 0.04). Patients with right-PTL and high EREG/AREG or HER3 expression, had IrPan PFS improvement (high EREG/AREG HR = 0.20, P = 0.04; high HER3 HR = 0.33, P = 0.10) compared with irinotecan. Similar effect was seen for rectal-PTL patients (high EREG/AREG HR = 0.44, P = 0.03; high HER3 HR = 0.34, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS RAS-wt patients with left-PTL are more likely to have panitumumab PFS advantage than those with right-PTL or rectal-PTL. However, an extended biomarker panel demonstrated significant heterogeneity in panitumumab PFS effect within a tumour location. AREG/EREG and HER3 mRNA expression identifies patients with right-PTL or rectal-PTL who achieve similar PFS effect with panitumumab as left-colon patients. Testing could provide a more reliable basis for clinical decision making. Further validation and development of these biomarkers is required to optimise routine patient care. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN identifier: ISRCTN93248876.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Seligmann
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - F Elliott
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S Richman
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G Hemmings
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S Brown
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - B Jacobs
- Molecular Digestive Oncology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Williams
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J H Barrett
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P Quirke
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M Seymour
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Mann EH, Maughan TS. Fusobacterium nucleatum, rectal cancer and radiotherapy. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1277-1278. [PMID: 32629022 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E H Mann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T S Maughan
- Department of Oncology, MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Queen J, Zhang J, Sears CL. Oral antibiotic use and chronic disease: long-term health impact beyond antimicrobial resistance and Clostridioides difficile. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1092-1103. [PMID: 32037950 PMCID: PMC7524332 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1706425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported an increased colon cancer risk associated with oral antibiotic use in a large United Kingdom population. This association between antibiotic exposure and cancer risk adds to a growing body of evidence that antibiotic use has unintended off-target long-term health consequences. This addendum highlights major studies linking antibiotic use and chronic disease in pediatric and adult populations. Microbiota dysbiosis is the key proposed mechanism underlying antibiotic:disease associations, resulting in alterations in gene expression, epigenetic modification, colonization by pathogenic bacteria, instigation of biofilms, and immune regulation and inflammation. These adverse outcomes of antibiotic exposure underscore the need for diagnostic and antibiotic stewardship, as well as the urgency for further development of non-antibiotic therapies for bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Queen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,CONTACT Cynthia Sears The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550Orleans Street, CRB 2 Bldg., Suite 1M-05, Baltimore, MD21287, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Wang L, Lo CH, He X, Hang D, Wang M, Wu K, Chan AT, Ogino S, Giovannucci EL, Song M. Risk Factor Profiles Differ for Cancers of Different Regions of the Colorectum. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:241-256.e13. [PMID: 32247020 PMCID: PMC7387153 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The molecular features of colorectal tumors differ with their anatomic location. Colorectal tumors are usually classified as proximal or distal. We collected data from 3 cohorts to identify demographic, clinical, anthropometric, lifestyle, and dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) at 7 anatomic subsites. We examined whether the associations differ among refined subsites and whether there are trends in associations from cecum to rectum. METHODS We collected data from the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study 2, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (45,351 men and 178,016 women, followed for a median 23 years) on 24 risk factors in relation to risk of cancer in cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectosigmoid junction, and rectum. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. We tested for linear and nonlinear trends in associations with CRC among subsites and within proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum. RESULTS We documented 3058 cases of CRC (474 in cecum, 633 in ascending colon, 250 in transverse colon, 221 in descending colon, 750 in sigmoid colon, 202 in rectosigmoid junction, and 528 in rectum). The positive associations with cancer risk decreased, from cecum to rectum, for age and family history of CRC. In contrast, the inverse associations with cancer risk increased, from cecum to rectum, for endoscopic screening and intake of whole grains, cereal fiber, and processed red meat. There was a significant nonlinear trend in the association between CRC and female sex, with hazard ratios ranging from 1.73 for ascending colon cancer to 0.54 for sigmoid colon cancer. For proximal colon cancers, the association with alcohol consumption and smoking before age 30 years increased from the cecum to transverse colon. For distal colon cancers, the positive association with waist circumference in men was greater for descending vs sigmoid colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of 3058 cases of CRC, we found that risk factor profiles differed for cancers along the colorectum. Proximal vs distal classifications are not sufficient to encompass the regional variations in colorectal tumor features and risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chun-Han Lo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Ohadian Moghadam S, Momeni SA. Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment. Front Med 2020; 15:11-32. [PMID: 32607819 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
McQuade JL, Daniel CR, Helmink BA, Wargo JA. Modulating the microbiome to improve therapeutic response in cancer. Lancet Oncol 2020; 20:e77-e91. [PMID: 30712808 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although novel therapies, including immunotherapy, have dramatically improved outcomes for many patients with cancer, overall outcomes are heterogeneous and existing biomarkers do not reliably predict response. To date, predictors of response to cancer therapy have largely focused on tumour-intrinsic features; however, there is growing evidence that other host factors (eg, host genomics and the microbiome) can substantially affect therapeutic response. The microbiome, which refers to microbiota within a host and their collective genomes, is becoming increasingly recognised for its influence on host immunity, as well as therapeutic responses to cancer treatment. Importantly, microbiota can be modified via several different strategies, affording new angles in cancer treatment to improve outcomes. In this Review, we examine the evidence on the role of the microbiome in cancer and therapeutic response, factors that influence and shape host microbiota, strategies to modulate the microbiome, and present key unanswered questions to be addressed in ongoing and future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L McQuade
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beth A Helmink
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Chen Y, Yang Y, Gu J. Clinical Implications of the Associations Between Intestinal Microbiome and Colorectal Cancer Progression. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4117-4128. [PMID: 32606919 PMCID: PMC7295108 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s240108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiome influences host immunity and several diseases, including cancer, in their areas of colonization. Microbial dysbiosis and over-colonization of specific microbes within the colorectal mucosa can impact the progress of carcinogenesis. Investigations initially focused on the mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome initiates or promotes the development of colorectal cancer, including DNA damage, induction of chromosomal instability, and regulation of host immune responses. Some studies on the clinicopathological features have reported that specific strains present at high abundance are associated with advanced stage and positive lymph nodes in colorectal cancer. In this context, we reviewed the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and the clinical features (patient age, disease staging, prognosis, etc.) of patients with colorectal cancer, and evaluated the potential pathogenesis caused by the intestinal microbiome in disease progress. This article assessed whether changes in distinct species or strains occur during the period of cancer advancement. Overall, age grouping does not bring about significant differences in the constitution of microbiome. The disease stages show their distinct distribution in some species and strains. Oncogenic species are generally enriched in patients with poor prognosis, including low infiltration of CD3+ T cells, poor differentiation, widespread invasion, high microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, BRAF mutation, short overall survival, and disease-free survival. The implications of those changes we discussed may assist in comprehensive understanding of the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer from a microbiological perspective, finding potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, People's Republic of China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Rastogi YR, Saini AK, Thakur VK, Saini RV. New Insights into Molecular Links Between Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3212. [PMID: 32370077 PMCID: PMC7246717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of exhaustive research on cancer, questions about cancer initiation, development, recurrence, and metastasis have still not been completely answered. One of the reasons is the plethora of factors acting simultaneously in a tumour microenvironment, of which not all have garnered attention. One such factor that has long remained understudied and has only recently received due attention is the host microbiota. Our sheer-sized microbiota exists in a state of symbiosis with the body and exerts significant impact on our body's physiology, ranging from immune-system development and regulation to neurological and cognitive development. The presence of our microbiota is integral to our development, but a change in its composition (microbiota dysbiosis) can often lead to adverse effects, increasing the propensity of serious diseases like cancers. In the present review, we discuss environmental and genetic factors that cause changes in microbiota composition, disposing of the host towards cancer, and the molecular mechanisms (such as β-catenin signalling) and biochemical pathways (like the generation of oncogenic metabolites like N-nitrosamines and hydrogen sulphide) that the microbiota uses to initiate or accelerate cancers, with emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers. Moreover, we discuss how microbiota can adversely influence the success of colorectal-cancer chemotherapy, and its role in tumour metastasis. We also attempted to resolve conflicting results obtained for the butyrate effect on tumour suppression in the colon, often referred to as the 'butyrate paradox'. In addition, we suggest the development of microbiota-based biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis, and a few target molecules of which the inhibition can increase the overall chances of cancer cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yash Raj Rastogi
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India;
| | - Adesh K. Saini
- Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India;
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Reena V. Saini
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Watson KM, Gaulke CA, Tsikitis VL. Understanding the microbiome: a primer on the role of the microbiome in colorectal neoplasia. Ann Gastroenterol 2020; 33:223-236. [PMID: 32382225 PMCID: PMC7196612 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death internationally, with mounting evidence pointing to the role of the microbiome in adenoma and cancer development. This article aims to provide clinicians with a foundation for understanding the field of research into the microbiome. We also illustrate the various ways in which the microbiota have been linked to colorectal cancer, with a specific focus on microbiota with identified virulence factors, and also on the ways that byproducts of microbiota metabolism may result in oncogenesis. We also review strategies for manipulating the microbiome for therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Watson
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (Katherine M. Watson, Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis)
| | | | - Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (Katherine M. Watson, Vassiliki Liana Tsikitis)
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Haruki K, Kosumi K, Hamada T, Twombly TS, Väyrynen JP, Kim SA, Masugi Y, Qian ZR, Mima K, Baba Y, da Silva A, Borowsky J, Arima K, Fujiyoshi K, Lau MC, Li P, Guo C, Chen Y, Song M, Nowak JA, Nishihara R, Yanaga K, Zhang X, Wu K, Bullman S, Garrett WS, Huttenhower C, Meyerhardt JA, Giannakis M, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Ogino S. Association of autophagy status with amount of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer. J Pathol 2020; 250:397-408. [PMID: 31880318 PMCID: PMC7282529 DOI: 10.1002/path.5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), which has been associated with colorectal carcinogenesis, can impair anti-tumour immunity, and actively invade colon epithelial cells. Considering the critical role of autophagy in host defence against microorganisms, we hypothesised that autophagic activity of tumour cells might influence the amount of F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer tissue. Using 724 rectal and colon cancer cases within the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we evaluated autophagic activity of tumour cells by immunohistochemical analyses of BECN1 (beclin 1), MAP1LC3 (LC3), and SQSTM1 (p62) expression. We measured the amount of F. nucleatum DNA in tumour tissue by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We conducted multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses to examine the association of tumour BECN1, MAP1LC3, and SQSTM1 expression with the amount of F. nucleatum, adjusting for potential confounders, including microsatellite instability status; CpG island methylator phenotype; long-interspersed nucleotide element-1 methylation; and KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations. Compared with BECN1-low cases, BECN1-intermediate and BECN1-high cases were associated with lower amounts of F. nucleatum with odds ratios (for a unit increase in three ordinal categories of the amount of F. nucleatum) of 0.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.99) and 0.31 (95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.60), respectively (Ptrend < 0.001 across ordinal BECN1 categories). Tumour MAP1LC3 and SQSTM1 levels were not significantly associated with the amount of F. nucleatum (Ptrend > 0.06). Tumour BECN1, MAP1LC3, and SQSTM1 levels were not significantly associated with patient survival (Ptrend > 0.10). In conclusion, tumour BECN1 expression is inversely associated with the amount of F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer tissue, suggesting a possible role of autophagy in the elimination of invasive microorganisms. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Haruki
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler S. Twombly
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juha P. Väyrynen
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sun A. Kim
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Scientific Research Center and Digestive Disease Center, the seventh affiliated hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Borowsky
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kota Arima
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenji Fujiyoshi
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mai Chan Lau
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peilong Li
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Yanaga
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Bullman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wendy S. Garrett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Interactions between the MicroRNAs and Microbiota in Cancer Development: Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040805. [PMID: 32230762 PMCID: PMC7225936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is made up of the fungi, bacteria, protozoa and viruses cohabiting within the human body. An altered microbiota can provoke diseases such as cancer. The mechanisms by which a modified microbiota can intervene in the onset and progression of neoplastic diseases are manifold. For instance, these include the effects on the immune system and the onset of obesity. A different mechanism seems to be constituted by the continuous and bidirectional relationships existing between microbiota and miRNAs. MiRNAs emerged as a novel group of small endogenous non-coding RNAs from that control gene expression. Several works seem to confirm the presence of a close connection between microbiota and miRNAs. Although the main literature data concern the correlations between microbiota, miRNAs and colon cancer, several researches have revealed the presence of connections with other types of tumour, including the ovarian tumour, cervical carcinoma, hepatic carcinoma, neoplastic pathologies of the central nervous system and the possible implication of the microbiota-miRNAs system on the response to the treatment of neoplastic pathologies. In this review, we summarise the physiological and pathological functions of the microbiota on cancer onset by governing miRNA production. A better knowledge of the bidirectional relationships existing between microbiota and miRNAs could provide new markers for the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of cancer and seems to be a promising approach for antagomir-guided approaches as therapeutic agents.
Collapse
|
119
|
Zagato E, Pozzi C, Bertocchi A, Schioppa T, Saccheri F, Guglietta S, Fosso B, Melocchi L, Nizzoli G, Troisi J, Marzano M, Oresta B, Spadoni I, Atarashi K, Carloni S, Arioli S, Fornasa G, Asnicar F, Segata N, Guglielmetti S, Honda K, Pesole G, Vermi W, Penna G, Rescigno M. Endogenous murine microbiota member Faecalibaculum rodentium and its human homologue protect from intestinal tumour growth. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:511-524. [PMID: 31988379 PMCID: PMC7048616 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota has been shown to promote intestinal tumourigenesis, but a possible anti-tumourigenic effect has also been postulated. Here, we demonstrate that changes in the microbiota and mucus composition are concomitant with tumourigenesis. We identified two anti-tumourigenic strains of the microbiota-Faecalibaculum rodentium and its human homologue, Holdemanella biformis-that are strongly under-represented during tumourigenesis. Reconstitution of ApcMin/+ or azoxymethane- and dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice with an isolate of F. rodentium (F. PB1) or its metabolic products reduced tumour growth. Both F. PB1 and H. biformis produced short-chain fatty acids that contributed to control protein acetylation and tumour cell proliferation by inhibiting calcineurin and NFATc3 activation in mouse and human settings. We have thus identified endogenous anti-tumourigenic bacterial strains with strong diagnostic, therapeutic and translational potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zagato
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Pozzi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Schioppa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Saccheri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Guglietta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Melocchi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Pathology Department, Fondazione Poliambulanza Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Nizzoli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Theoreo Srl, Montecorvino Pugliano, Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marinella Marzano
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Bianca Oresta
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Spadoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Koji Atarashi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sara Carloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses and Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fornasa
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Segata
- CIBIO Department, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses and Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Kenya Honda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Giuseppe Penna
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Abstract
Diet is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), and several dietary constituents implicated in CRC are modified by gut microbial metabolism. Microbial fermentation of dietary fiber produces short-chain fatty acids, e.g., acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Dietary fiber has been shown to reduce colon tumors in animal models, and, in vitro, butyrate influences cellular pathways important to cancer risk. Furthermore, work from our group suggests that the combined effects of butyrate and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may enhance the chemopreventive potential of these dietary constituents. We postulate that the relatively low intakes of n-3 PUFA and fiber in Western populations and the failure to address interactions between these dietary components may explain why chemoprotective effects of n-3 PUFA and fermentable fibers have not been detected consistently in prospective cohort studies. In this review, we summarize the evidence outlining the effects of n-3 long-chain PUFA and highly fermentable fiber with respect to alterations in critical pathways important to CRC prevention, particularly intrinsic mitochondrial-mediated programmed cell death resulting from the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ferroptosis), and epigenetic programming related to lipid catabolism and beta-oxidation-associated genes.
Collapse
|
121
|
Cueva C, Silva M, Pinillos I, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Interplay between Dietary Polyphenols and Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:E625. [PMID: 32120799 PMCID: PMC7146370 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. Dietary features play an important role in its development, and the involvement of human microbial communities in this pathology has also recently been recognized. Individuals with CRC display alterations in gut bacterial composition and a notably higher abundance of putative oral bacteria in colonic tumors. Many experimental studies and preclinical evidence propose that dietary polyphenols have a relevant role in CRC development and progression, mainly attributed to their immunomodulatory activities. Furthermore, polyphenols can modulate oral and gut microbiota, and in turn, intestinal microbes catabolize polyphenols to release metabolites that are often more active and better absorbed than the original phenolic compounds. The current study aimed to review and summarize current knowledge on the role of microbiota and the interactions between dietary polyphenols and microbiota in relation to CRC development. We have highlighted the mechanisms by which dietary polyphenols and/or their microbial metabolites exert their action on the pathogenesis and prevention of CRC as modulators of the composition and/or activity of oral and intestinal microbiota, including novel screening biomarkers and possible nutritional therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (M.S.); (I.P.); (B.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Brennan CA, Garrett WS. Fusobacterium nucleatum - symbiont, opportunist and oncobacterium. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 17:156-166. [PMID: 30546113 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum has long been found to cause opportunistic infections and has recently been implicated in colorectal cancer; however, it is a common member of the oral microbiota and can have a symbiotic relationship with its hosts. To address this dissonance, we explore the diversity and niches of fusobacteria and reconsider historic fusobacterial taxonomy in the context of current technology. We also undertake a critical reappraisal of fusobacteria with a focus on F. nucleatum as a mutualist, infectious agent and oncogenic microorganism. In this Review, we delve into recent insights and future directions for fusobacterial research, including the current genetic toolkit, our evolving understanding of its mechanistic role in promoting colorectal cancer and the challenges of developing diagnostics and therapeutics for F. nucleatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
You YN, Lee LD, Deschner BW, Shibata D. Colorectal Cancer in the Adolescent and Young Adult Population. JCO Oncol Pract 2020; 16:19-27. [PMID: 32039664 PMCID: PMC7351341 DOI: 10.1200/jop.19.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer in the young adult population is of increasing incidence and concern. Genetic predisposition and heritable syndromes contribute to this trend, but perhaps more concerning is the majority of new diagnoses that involve no traceable genetic risk factors. Prevention and early recognition, with a high suspicion in the symptomatic young adult, are critical in attenuating recent trends. Clinical management requires coordinated multidisciplinary care from diagnosis to surveillance in order to ensure appropriate management. This review provides a summary of key aspects related to colorectal cancer in adolescents and young adults, including epidemiology, biology, genetics, clinical management, and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Nancy You
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lucas D. Lee
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - David Shibata
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Song M, Chan AT, Sun J. Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:322-340. [PMID: 31586566 PMCID: PMC6957737 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have discovered associations between elements of the intestinal microbiome (including specific microbes, signaling pathways, and microbiota-related metabolites) and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is unclear whether changes in the intestinal microbiome contribute to the development of sporadic CRC or result from it. Changes in the intestinal microbiome can mediate or modify the effects of environmental factors on risk of CRC. Factors that affect risk of CRC also affect the intestinal microbiome, including overweight and obesity; physical activity; and dietary intake of fiber, whole grains, and red and processed meat. These factors alter microbiome structure and function, along with the metabolic and immune pathways that mediate CRC development. We review epidemiologic and laboratory evidence for the influence of the microbiome, diet, and environmental factors on CRC incidence and outcomes. Based on these data, features of the intestinal microbiome might be used for CRC screening and modified for chemoprevention and treatment. Integrated prospective studies are urgently needed to investigate these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Song
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer globally. It is a complex disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Early studies on familial cases have identified major genes involved in CRC, such as proto-oncogenes KRAS, PIK3CA and BRAF, and tumour-suppressor genes APC and TP53. These genes have provided valuable insight into the molecular pathogenesis of CRC, and some have made ways to clinical utility to help diagnose cancer syndromes, prognosticate oncological outcomes and predict treatment responses. While these genetic factors are important, recent studies have suggested contribution of microorganisms to colorectal carcinogenesis. Observational studies, animal experiments and translational works have identified several microorganisms as potential carcinogenic bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. With the advent of sequencing technology and bioinformatics, more genomic and metagenomic factors are being uncovered as important players in CRC carcinogenesis. This article aims to review recent genomic and metagenomic discoveries relating to CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Ng
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haojun Li
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William K K Wu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Zhang J, Haines C, Watson AJM, Hart AR, Platt MJ, Pardoll DM, Cosgrove SE, Gebo KA, Sears CL. Oral antibiotic use and risk of colorectal cancer in the United Kingdom, 1989-2012: a matched case-control study. Gut 2019; 68:1971-1978. [PMID: 31427405 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome dysbiosis predisposes to colorectal cancer (CRC), but a population-based study of oral antibiotic exposure and risk patterns is lacking. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between oral antibiotic use and CRC risk. DESIGN A matched case-control study (incident CRC cases and up to five matched controls) was performed using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink from 1989 to 2012. RESULTS 28 980 CRC cases and 137 077 controls were identified. Oral antibiotic use was associated with CRC risk, but effects differed by anatomical location. Antibiotic use increased the risk of colon cancer in a dose-dependent fashion (ptrend <0.001). The risk was observed after minimal use, and was greatest in the proximal colon and with antibiotics with anti-anaerobic activity. In contrast, an inverse association was detected between antibiotic use and rectal cancers (ptrend=0.003), particularly with length of antibiotic exposure >60 days (adjusted OR (aOR), 0.85, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.93) as compared with no antibiotic exposure. Penicillins, particularly ampicillin/amoxicillin increased the risk of colon cancer (aOR=1.09 (1.05 to 1.13)), whereas tetracyclines reduced the risk of rectal cancer (aOR=0.90 (0.84 to 0.97)). Significant interactions were detected between antibiotic use and tumour location (colon vs rectum, pinteraction<0.001; proximal colon versus distal colon, pinteraction=0.019). The antibiotic-cancer association was found for antibiotic exposure occurring >10 years before diagnosis (aOR=1.17 (1.06 to 1.31)). CONCLUSION Oral antibiotic use is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer but a reduced risk of rectal cancer. This effect heterogeneity may suggest differences in gut microbiota and carcinogenesis mechanisms along the lower intestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles Haines
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alastair J M Watson
- Department of Medicine, University of East Anglia Norwich Medical School, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Andrew R Hart
- Department of Medicine, University of East Anglia Norwich Medical School, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Mary Jane Platt
- Department of Medicine, University of East Anglia Norwich Medical School, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara E Cosgrove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly A Gebo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:690-704. [PMID: 31554963 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for about 10% of all new cancer cases globally. Located at close proximity to the colorectal epithelium, the gut microbiota comprises a large population of microorganisms that interact with host cells to regulate many physiological processes, such as energy harvest, metabolism and immune response. Sequencing studies have revealed microbial compositional and ecological changes in patients with CRC, whereas functional studies in animal models have pinpointed the roles of several bacteria in colorectal carcinogenesis, including Fusobacterium nucleatum and certain strains of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. These findings give new opportunities to take advantage of our knowledge on the gut microbiota for clinical applications, such as gut microbiota analysis as screening, prognostic or predictive biomarkers, or modulating microorganisms to prevent cancer, augment therapies and reduce adverse effects of treatment. This Review aims to provide an overview and discussion of the gut microbiota in colorectal neoplasia, including relevant mechanisms in microbiota-related carcinogenesis, the potential of utilizing the microbiota as CRC biomarkers, and the prospect for modulating the microbiota for CRC prevention or treatment. These scientific findings will pave the way to clinically translate the use of gut microbiota for CRC in the near future.
Collapse
|
128
|
Sun CH, Li BB, Wang B, Zhao J, Zhang XY, Li TT, Li WB, Tang D, Qiu MJ, Wang XC, Zhu CM, Qian ZR. The role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer: from carcinogenesis to clinical management. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2019; 5:178-187. [PMID: 31891129 PMCID: PMC6926109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor that affects people worldwide. Metagenomic analyses have shown an enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinoma tissue; many studies have indicated that F. nucleatum is closely related to the colorectal carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide the latest information to reveal the related molecular mechanisms. The known virulence factors of F. nucleatum promote adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells via FadA and Fap2. Besides, Fap2 also binds to immune cells causing immunosuppression. Furthermore, F. nucleatum recruits tumor-infiltrating immune cells, thus yielding a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, which promotes colorectal neoplasia progression. F. nucleatum was also found to potentiate CRC development through toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and microRNA (miRNA)-21 expression. In addition, F. nucleatum increases CRC recurrence along with chemoresistance by mediating a molecular network of miRNA-18a*, miRNA-4802, and autophagy components. Moreover, viable F. nucleatum was detected in mouse xenografts of human primary colorectal adenocarcinomas through successive passages. These findings indicated that an increased number of F. nucleatum in the tissues is a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, and the underlying molecular mechanism can probably provide a potential intervention treatment strategy for patients with F. nucleatum-associated CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Sun
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris 75005, France.,Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Health Management Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wen-Bing Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Miao-Juan Qiu
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xin-Cheng Wang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Zhu
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Qian
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
The Four Horsemen in Colon Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5636272. [PMID: 31662752 PMCID: PMC6791268 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5636272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract have a very high incidence and mortality. Among these, colorectal cancer, which includes colon and rectum malignancies, representing both highest incidence and mortality. While gallbladder cancer, another neoplasm associated to gastrointestinal tract occurs less frequently. Genetic factors, inflammation and nutrition are important risk factors associated with colorectal cancer development. Likewise, pathogenic microorganisms inducing intestinal dysbiosis have become an important scope to determine the role of bacterial infection on tumorigenesis. Interestingly, in human biopsies of different types of gastrointestinal tract cancer, the presence of different bacterial strains, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis and Salmonella enterica have been detected, and it has been considered as a high-risk factor to cancer development. Therefore, pathogens infection could contribute to neoplastic development through different mechanisms; including intestinal dysbiosis, inflammation, evasion of tumoral immune response and activation of pro-tumoral signaling pathways, such as β catenin. Here, we have reviewed the suggested bacterial molecular mechanisms and their possible role on development and progression of gastrointestinal neoplasms, focusing mainly on colon neoplasms, where the bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis and Salmonella enterica infect.
Collapse
|
130
|
Petimar J, Smith-Warner SA, Rosner B, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, Tabung FK. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research 2018 Recommendations for Cancer Prevention and Risk of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1469-1479. [PMID: 31235471 PMCID: PMC6726499 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) 2018 diet, nutrition, and physical activity recommendations aim to reduce cancer risk. We examined adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations and colorectal cancer risk in two prospective cohorts. METHODS We followed 68,977 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 45,442 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 until 2012. We created cumulatively averaged WCRF/AICR scores using updated diet, adiposity, and physical activity data from questionnaires, and used Cox regression to estimate sex-specific HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident colorectal cancer. RESULTS We documented 2,449 colorectal cancer cases. Men in the highest quintile of the WCRF/AICR lifestyle score had a lower risk of colorectal cancer compared with those in the lowest quintile (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52-0.77). The result was weaker in women (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72-1.02; P heterogeneity by sex = 0.006). When analyzing the diet recommendations alone, we similarly observed stronger inverse associations in men (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61-0.90) compared with women (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.77-1.12; P heterogeneity by sex = 0.06). In men, the lifestyle score was more strongly inversely associated with risk of distal colon cancer compared with proximal colon or rectal cancer (P common effects = 0.03); we did not observe significant differences between anatomic locations in women. CONCLUSIONS The 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations are associated with lower colorectal cancer risk in men, with weaker results in women. IMPACT Consideration of adiposity and physical activity in conjunction with diet is important for colorectal cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Petimar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Oral Bacteria and Intestinal Dysbiosis in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174146. [PMID: 31450675 PMCID: PMC6747549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human organism coexists with its microbiota in a symbiotic relationship. These polymicrobial communities are involved in many crucial functions, such as immunity, protection against pathogens, and metabolism of dietary compounds, thus maintaining homeostasis. The oral cavity and the colon, although distant anatomic regions, are both highly colonized by distinct microbiotas. However, studies indicate that oral bacteria are able to disseminate into the colon. This is mostly evident in conditions such as periodontitis, where specific bacteria, namely Fusobacterium nucrelatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis project a pathogenic profile. In the colon these bacteria can alter the composition of the residual microbiota, in the context of complex biofilms, resulting in intestinal dysbiosis. This orally-driven disruption promotes aberrant immune and inflammatory responses, eventually leading to colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. Understanding the exact mechanisms of these interactions will yield future opportunities regarding prevention and treatment of CRC.
Collapse
|
132
|
Luo K, Zhang Y, Xv C, Ji J, Lou G, Guo X, Chen M, Zhang Y, Wei H, Guo M, Huang R, Yu S. Fusobacterium nucleatum, the communication with colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:108988. [PMID: 31112873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in 2018 with poor prognosis. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n), an anaerobe, is found to be enriched in both stools and tumor tissues of CRC patients. As surveys show, tumor initiates before the collection of F.n. In return, F.n helps cancer cells to build up tumor microenvironment and benefit for their chemo-resistant. The elements constituted the tumor environment, including neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes, contribute to the existing of tumor cells respectively. However, the integrated and interactive roles of those elements are poorly investigated. The intracellular molecular alteration MSI is a result of F.n infection and the microbiology-molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) has become a new trend to analysis F.n and tumorigenesis. Chemoresistance of tumor cells is also affected by F.n induced microenvironment, or F.n achieves it directly. Finally, F.n could be a biomarker of CRC. All in all, our review will lay a foundation for the therapy of CRC through the interference of F.n and perspective to follow-up studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangjia Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Yvkun Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Chao Xv
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiaorong Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Meilun Chen
- Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China.
| | | | - Huiying Wei
- Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, China.
| | - Mian Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150080, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Li S, Peppelenbosch MP, Smits R. Bacterial biofilms as a potential contributor to mucinous colorectal cancer formation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:74-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
134
|
Crypt- and Mucosa-Associated Core Microbiotas in Humans and Their Alteration in Colon Cancer Patients. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.01315-19. [PMID: 31311881 PMCID: PMC6635529 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01315-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the huge number of bacteria constituting the human colon microbiota, alteration in the balance of its constitutive taxa (i.e., dysbiosis) is highly suspected of being involved in colorectal oncogenesis. Indeed, bacterial signatures in association with CRC have been described. These signatures may vary if bacteria are identified in feces or in association with tumor tissues. Here, we show that bacteria colonize human colonic crypts in tissues obtained from patients with CRC and with normal colonoscopy results. Aerobic nonfermentative Proteobacteria previously identified as constitutive of the crypt-specific core microbiota in murine colonic samples are similarly prevalent in human colonic crypts in combination with other anaerobic taxa. We also show that bacterial signatures characterizing the crypts of colonic tumors vary depending whether right-side or left-side tumors are analyzed. We have previously identified a crypt-specific core microbiota (CSCM) in the colons of healthy laboratory mice and related wild rodents. Here, we confirm that a CSCM also exists in the human colon and appears to be altered during colon cancer. The colonic microbiota is suggested to be involved in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Because the microbiota identified in fecal samples from CRC patients does not directly reflect the microbiota associated with tumor tissues themselves, we sought to characterize the bacterial communities from the crypts and associated adjacent mucosal surfaces of 58 patients (tumor and normal homologous tissue) and 9 controls with normal colonoscopy results. Here, we confirm that bacteria colonize human colonic crypts in both control and CRC tissues, and using laser-microdissected tissues and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we further show that right and left crypt- and mucosa-associated bacterial communities are significantly different. In addition to Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and as with murine proximal colon crypts, environmental nonfermentative Proteobacteria are found in human colonic crypts. Fusobacterium and Bacteroides fragilis are more abundant in right-side tumors, whereas Parvimonas micra is more prevalent in left-side tumors. More precisely, Fusobacterium periodonticum is more abundant in crypts from cancerous samples in the right colon than in associated nontumoral samples from adjacent areas but not in left-side colonic samples. Future analysis of the interaction between these bacteria and the crypt epithelium, particularly intestinal stem cells, will allow deciphering of their possible oncogenic potential.
Collapse
|
135
|
Lee SA, Liu F, Riordan SM, Lee CS, Zhang L. Global Investigations of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:566. [PMID: 31334107 PMCID: PMC6618585 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer and second in terms of mortality. Emerging evidence from recent studies suggests a potential role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the development of CRC. In this article, we review studies from different geographical regions examining the association between F. nucleatum and CRC, the detection methods and the tumorigenic mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss the potential clinical impact of F. nucleatum in CRC and suggest future study directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seul A Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen M Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheok S Lee
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Güven DC, Dizdar Ö, Akman AC, Berker E, Yekedüz E, Ceylan F, Başpınar B, Akbıyık İ, Aktaş BY, Yüce D, Erman M, Hayran M. Evaluation of cancer risk in patients with periodontal diseases. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:826-831. [PMID: 31195790 PMCID: PMC7018248 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim In this study, we aimed to assess the cancer risk among patients with periodontal disease. Materials and methods Patients diagnosed with periodontal diseases at Hacettepe University between 2007 and 2012 were included and data on the diagnosis of any cancer after periodontal disease were collected from patient files. The age- and sex-standardized incidence rates (SIRs) were calculated using Turkish National Cancer Registry 2013 data. Results A total of 5199 patients were included. Median follow-up was 7.2 years. Patients with periodontal diseases had 17% increased risk of cancer compared with the expected counts for the corresponding age and sex groups (SIR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.04–1.3, P = 0.006). The increased cancer risk was statistically significant in women (SIR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05–1.45, P = 0.008) but not in men. Among women with periodontal disease, the risks of breast cancer (SIR: 2.19) and head and neck cancer (SIR: 4.71) were significantly increased. Among men, the risks of prostate cancer (SIR: 1.84), head and neck cancer (SIR: 3.55), and hematological cancers (SIR: 1.76) were significantly increased. Conclusion This study showed that periodontal diseases were associated with increased risk of several cancers. Besides other well-known benefits for health, the provision of oral/dental health should be considered and employed as a cancer prevention measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Can Güven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer Dizdar
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Cevdet Akman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezel Berker
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Yekedüz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Furkan Ceylan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Başpınar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlgın Akbıyık
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Yasin Aktaş
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yüce
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erman
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Hayran
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Yang Z, Ji G. Fusobacterium nucleatum-positive colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:975-982. [PMID: 31423156 PMCID: PMC6607099 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important threat to human health and the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Accumulating evidence indicates that the composition of the intestinal flora is associated with the occurrence of CRC. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), one of the highly enriched bacteria in CRC tissues, invades the mucosa with adhesion factors and virulence proteins, interacts with the host immune system and promotes the occurrence and development of CRC and chemoresistance. Fn infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma, although the infection rate varies in different regions. Fn may be used as a prognostic indicator of CRC. It is important to understand the multi-pathway carcinogenic mechanisms associated with CRC in order to develop novel antibacterial drugs against Fn. The current review summarizes the role of Fn and relevant research concerning CRC published in recent years, focusing on Fn infection in CRC, pathogenesis of Fn, Fn-positive CRC treatment, screening and prevention strategies against Fn-positive CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Guven DC, Dizdar O, Alp A, Akdoğan Kittana FN, Karakoc D, Hamaloglu E, Lacin S, Karakas Y, Kilickap S, Hayran M, Yalcin S. Analysis of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus gallolyticus in saliva of colorectal cancer patients. Biomark Med 2019; 13:725-735. [PMID: 31157977 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence and amount of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Streptococcus gallolyticus (Sg) in the saliva of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and controls. Methods: PCR analyses performed in 71 CRC patients and 77 controls. Results: Saliva samples of patients had higher amounts of Fn (p = 0.001) and Sg (p < 0.001) compared with controls. Amount of Fn and Sg were lower in the microsatellite instability (+) group. Evaluation of salivary Sg amount by receiver operating characteristics analysis found to have diagnostic value for CRC (AUC: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.96). Conclusion: We found higher amounts of Fn and Sg in the saliva of CRC patients. Salivary Sg could helpful in distinction of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Can Guven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Omer Dizdar
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Alp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | | | - Derya Karakoc
- Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Erhan Hamaloglu
- Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Sahin Lacin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Karakas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Saadettin Kilickap
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Hayran
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Suayib Yalcin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Yamamoto H, Imai K. An updated review of microsatellite instability in the era of next-generation sequencing and precision medicine. Semin Oncol 2019; 46:261-270. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
140
|
Atreya CE, Venook AP. Of Microbes and Microsatellites. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 6:1290-1291. [PMID: 30389718 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A ubiquitous oral cavity microbe, Fusobacterium nucleatum, is increasingly being implicated in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. An article in this issue elucidates the differential association of F. nucleatum with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes depending on microsatellite instability status. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(11); 1290-1. ©2018 AACR See article by Hamada et al., p. 1327.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe E Atreya
- Department of Medicine and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Alan P Venook
- Department of Medicine and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Kharrat N, Assidi M, Abu-Elmagd M, Pushparaj PN, Alkhaldy A, Arfaoui L, Naseer MI, El Omri A, Messaoudi S, Buhmeida A, Rebai A. Data mining analysis of human gut microbiota links Fusobacterium spp. with colorectal cancer onset. Bioinformation 2019; 15:372-379. [PMID: 31312073 PMCID: PMC6614120 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and their metabolites play a vital role in colon health and disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of a specific microbial community together with their metabolites contributing to the risk, initiation and progression of CRC is still unknown. Hence, we used a Bayesian Networks in combination with the IDA (Intervention calculus when the DAG is absent) to generate a graphical model that allows causal relationships to be inferred from observational data. Results from the analysis of publically available datasets showed that four species: Fusobacteium, Citrobacter, Microbacterium and Slaxkia have estimated non-null lower bounds of causal effects of CRC. These findings support the hypothesis that specific bacterial species (microbial markers) act in concert with locally modified microbiota to cause or influence CRC progression. Additional comprehensive studies are required to validate the potential use of F. nucleatum, Citrobacter as well as Slackia as microbial biomarkers in CRC for prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and/or therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najla Kharrat
- 1Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnologyof Sfax,
Bioinformatics Group, P.O. Box: 1177,Sfax,3018 Tunisia
| | - Mourad Assidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abu-Elmagd
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- 4School of Biological Sciences,University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Peter N Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Alkhaldy
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leila Arfaoui
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelfatteh El Omri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Messaoudi
- Forensic Biology Department, College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Buhmeida
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rebai
- 1Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnologyof Sfax,
Bioinformatics Group, P.O. Box: 1177,Sfax,3018 Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Kim GW, Kim YS, Lee SH, Park SG, Kim DH, Cho JY, Hahm KB, Hong SP, Yoo JH. Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for proximal colorectal neoplasms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7528. [PMID: 31101852 PMCID: PMC6525177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interval colorectal cancers detected after colonoscopy are known to be highly associated with proximal colorectal neoplasms (CRNs). This cross-sectional study investigated whether periodontitis could be a risk factor for proximal CRNs in healthy individuals. A total of 2504 subjects who received a colonoscopy and dental exam were enrolled in this study. We divided the subjects into the periodontitis group (n = 216) and the control group (n = 2288). The periodontitis group was defined as subjects who had one or more teeth with a probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥4 mm. The prevalence of proximal CRNs was significantly higher in the periodontitis group (25.0%) than in the control group (12.3%) (P < 0.001). Independent risk factors for proximal CRNs in the multivariate analysis were periodontitis, smoking, age, waist circumference, and triglycerides, and those for proximal advanced CRNs were periodontitis, age, and family history of CRC. However, periodontitis was not a risk factor for overall CRNs and advanced CRNs. Periodontitis was associated with an increased risk of proximal CRNs (odds ratio [OR], 1.525; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI], 1.071–2.172) and proximal advanced CRNs (OR, 2.671; 95% CI, 1.088–6.560). Periodontitis might be associated with proximal CRNs and proximal advanced CRNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gun Woo Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Seung Geon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Duk Hwan Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Joo Young Cho
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Sung Pyo Hong
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Yoo
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Di Vito C, Mikulak J, Zaghi E, Pesce S, Marcenaro E, Mavilio D. NK cells to cure cancer. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101272. [PMID: 31085114 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes able to mediate immune-surveillance and clearance of viral infected and tumor-transformed cells. Growing experimental and clinical evidence highlighted a dual role of NK cells either in the control of cancer development/progression or in promoting the onset of immune-suppressant tumor microenvironments. Indeed, several mechanisms of NK cell-mediated tumor escape have been described and these includes cancer-induced aberrant expression of activating and inhibitory receptors (i.e. NK cell immune checkpoints), impairments of NK cell migration to tumor sites and altered NK cell effector-functions. These phenomena highly contribute to tumor progression and metastasis formation. In this review, we discuss the latest insights on those NK cell receptors and related molecules that are currently being implemented in clinics either as possible prognostic factors or therapeutic targets to unleash NK cell anti-tumor effector-functions in vivo. Moreover, we address here the major recent advances in regard to the genetic modification and ex vivo expansion of anti-tumor specific NK cells used in innovative adoptive cellular transfer approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Zaghi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Tunsjø HS, Gundersen G, Rangnes F, Noone JC, Endres A, Bemanian V. Detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum in stool and colonic tissues from Norwegian colorectal cancer patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1367-1376. [PMID: 31025134 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Norway has one of the world's highest incidences of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating research suggests that the intestinal microbiota may have an important role in initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. In order to evaluate microbiome-based biomarkers for non-invasive detection of CRC, the levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum and selected Escherichia coli toxin genes in stool and mucosa from a small cohort of Norwegian patients were investigated. The study cohort included 72 patients scheduled for colonoscopy. The patients were divided into three groups upon their examinations: cancer, polyp, and control groups. Levels of F. nucleatum in stool samples were significantly higher in the cancer group compared with the control group and the polyp group. High levels of F. nucleatum in stool reflected detection of F. nucleatum in the tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients. However, no difference in the levels of E. coli toxin genes in neither stool nor biopsy samples between the patient groups was observed. This study suggests that a quantitative PCR assay targeting F. nucleatum in stool samples has the potential to be included in a larger panel of biomarkers for non-invasive testing for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hege Smith Tunsjø
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Gro Gundersen
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Science and Medical Biochemistry, Genetic Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Fredrik Rangnes
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Science and Medical Biochemistry, Genetic Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - John Christopher Noone
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Alexander Endres
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Vahid Bemanian
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Science and Medical Biochemistry, Genetic Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Host⁻MicroRNA⁻Microbiota Interactions in Colorectal Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040270. [PMID: 30987065 PMCID: PMC6523287 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in gut microbiota composition have consistently been observed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Yet, it is not entirely clear how the gut microbiota interacts with tumor cells. We know that tumor cells undergo a drastic change in energy metabolism, mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs), and that tumor-derived miRNAs affect the stromal and immune cell fractions of the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies suggest that host intestinal miRNAs can also affect the growth and composition of the gut microbiota. Our previous CRC studies showed a high-level of interconnectedness between host miRNAs and their microbiota. Considering all the evidence to date, we postulate that the altered nutrient composition and miRNA expression in the CRC microenvironment selectively exerts pressure on the surrounding microbiota, leading to alterations in its composition. In this review article, we present our current understanding of the role of miRNAs in mediating host–microbiota interactions in CRC.
Collapse
|
146
|
Hamada T, Nowak JA, Milner DA, Song M, Ogino S. Integration of microbiology, molecular pathology, and epidemiology: a new paradigm to explore the pathogenesis of microbiome-driven neoplasms. J Pathol 2019; 247:615-628. [PMID: 30632609 PMCID: PMC6509405 DOI: 10.1002/path.5236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) is an integrative transdisciplinary field that addresses heterogeneous effects of exogenous and endogenous factors (collectively termed 'exposures'), including microorganisms, on disease occurrence and consequences, utilising molecular pathological signatures of the disease. In parallel with the paradigm of precision medicine, findings from MPE research can provide aetiological insights into tailored strategies of disease prevention and treatment. Due to the availability of molecular pathological tests on tumours, the MPE approach has been utilised predominantly in research on cancers including breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal carcinomas. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiome (inclusive of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites) plays an important role in a variety of human diseases including neoplasms. An alteration of the microbiome may be not only a cause of neoplasia but also an informative biomarker that indicates or mediates the association of an epidemiological exposure with health conditions and outcomes. To adequately educate and train investigators in this emerging area, we herein propose the integration of microbiology into the MPE model (termed 'microbiology-MPE'), which could improve our understanding of the complex interactions of environment, tumour cells, the immune system, and microbes in the tumour microenvironment during the carcinogenic process. Using this approach, we can examine how lifestyle factors, dietary patterns, medications, environmental exposures, and germline genetics influence cancer development and progression through impacting the microbial communities in the human body. Further integration of other disciplines (e.g. pharmacology, immunology, nutrition) into microbiology-MPE would expand this developing research frontier. With the advent of high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies, researchers now have increasing access to large-scale metagenomics as well as other omics data (e.g. genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in population-based research. The integrative field of microbiology-MPE will open new opportunities for personalised medicine and public health. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Pathology Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danny A Milner
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Tumor Long-interspersed Nucleotide Element-1 Methylation Level and Immune Response to Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg 2019; 272:1025-1034. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
148
|
Wang G, Yu Y, Wang YZ, Wang JJ, Guan R, Sun Y, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Role of SCFAs in gut microbiome and glycolysis for colorectal cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17023-17049. [PMID: 30888065 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with altered intestinal microbiota as well as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) reduction of output The energy source of colon cells relies mainly on three SCFAs, namely butyrate (BT), propionate, and acetate, while CRC transformed cells rely mainly on aerobic glycolysis to provide energy. This review summarizes recent research results for dysregulated glucose metabolism of SCFAs, which could be initiated by gut microbiome of CRC. Moreover, the relationship between SCFA transporters and glycolysis, which may correlate with the initiation and progression of CRC, are also discussed. Additionally, this review explores the linkage of BT to transport of SCFAs expressions between normal and cancerous colonocyte cell growth for tumorigenesis inhibition in CRC. Furthermore, the link between gut microbiota and SCFAs in the metabolism of CRC, in addition, the proteins and genes related to SCFAs-mediated signaling pathways, coupled with their correlation with the initiation and progression of CRC are also discussed. Therefore, targeting the SCFA transporters to regulate lactate generation and export of BT, as well as applying SCFAs or gut microbiota and natural compounds for chemoprevention may be clinically useful for CRCs treatment. Future research should focus on the combination these therapeutic agents with metabolic inhibitors to effectively target the tumor SCFAs and regulate the bacterial ecology for activation of potent anticancer effect, which may provide more effective application prospect for CRC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Information Resources Department, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Information Resources Department, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Rubinstein MR, Baik JE, Lagana SM, Han RP, Raab WJ, Sahoo D, Dalerba P, Wang TC, Han YW. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer by inducing Wnt/β-catenin modulator Annexin A1. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201847638. [PMID: 30833345 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum, a Gram-negative oral anaerobe, is a significant contributor to colorectal cancer. Using an in vitro cancer progression model, we discover that F. nucleatum stimulates the growth of colorectal cancer cells without affecting the pre-cancerous adenoma cells. Annexin A1, a previously unrecognized modulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, is a key component through which F. nucleatum exerts its stimulatory effect. Annexin A1 is specifically expressed in proliferating colorectal cancer cells and involved in activation of Cyclin D1. Its expression level in colon cancer is a predictor of poor prognosis independent of cancer stage, grade, age, and sex. The FadA adhesin from F. nucleatum up-regulates Annexin A1 expression through E-cadherin. A positive feedback loop between FadA and Annexin A1 is identified in the cancerous cells, absent in the non-cancerous cells. We therefore propose a "two-hit" model in colorectal carcinogenesis, with somatic mutation(s) serving as the first hit, and F. nucleatum as the second hit exacerbating cancer progression after benign cells become cancerous. This model extends the "adenoma-carcinoma" model and identifies microbes such as F. nucleatum as cancer "facilitators".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Roxana Rubinstein
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jung Eun Baik
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen M Lagana
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - William J Raab
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Piero Dalerba
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiping W Han
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA .,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Abstract
Literature has recently highlighted the enormous scientific interest on the relationship between the gut microbiota and colon cancer, and how the use of some selected probiotics can have a future impact on the adverse events which occur during this disease. Although there is no clear evidence to claim that probiotics are effective in people with cancer, recent reviews have found that probiotics can significantly reduce the incidence of diarrhea and the average frequency of daily bowel movements. However, most of this evidence needs to be more clinically convincing and further discussed. Undoubtedly, some probiotics, when properly dosed and administered, can have a strong rebalance effect on the gut microbiota and as a consequence a possible positive action on immune modulation of the gastrointestinal tract and on inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Many recent findings indeed support the hypothesis that the daily use of some selected probiotics can be a feasible approach to effectively protect patients against the risk of some severe consequences due to radiation therapy or chemotherapy. This paper aims to review the most recent articles in order to consider a possible adjuvant approach for the use of certain well-balanced probiotics to help prevent colon cancer and the adverse effects caused by related therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Drago
- Clinical Microbiology, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|