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Adamik J, Silbermann R, Marino S, Sun Q, Anderson JL, Zhou D, Xie XQ, Roodman GD, Galson DL. XRK3F2 Inhibition of p62-ZZ Domain Signaling Rescues Myeloma-Induced GFI1-Driven Epigenetic Repression of the Runx2 Gene in Pre-osteoblasts to Overcome Differentiation Suppression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:344. [PMID: 30008697 PMCID: PMC6033965 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD) is characterized by non-healing lytic bone lesions that persist even after a patient has achieved a hematologic remission. We previously reported that p62 (sequestosome-1) in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) is critical for the formation of MM-induced signaling complexes that mediate OB suppression. Importantly, XRK3F2, an inhibitor of the p62-ZZ domain, blunted MM-induced Runx2 suppression in vitro, and induced new bone formation and remodeling in the presence of tumor in vivo. Additionally, we reported that MM cells induce the formation of repressive chromatin on the Runx2 gene in BMSC via direct binding of the transcriptional repressor GFI1, which recruits the histone modifiers, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). In this study we investigated the mechanism by which blocking p62-ZZ domain-dependent signaling prevents MM-induced suppression of Runx2 in BMSC. XRK3F2 prevented MM-induced upregulation of Gfi1 and repression of the Runx2 gene when present in MM-preOB co-cultures. We also show that p62-ZZ-domain blocking by XRK3F2 also prevented MM conditioned media and TNF plus IL7-mediated Gfi1 mRNA upregulation and the concomitant Runx2 repression, indicating that XRK3F2's prevention of p62-ZZ domain signaling within preOB is involved in the response. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses revealed that XRK3F2 decreased MM-induced GFI1 occupancy at the Runx2-P1 promoter and prevented recruitment of HDAC1, thus preserving the transcriptionally permissive chromatin mark H3K9ac on Runx2 and allowing osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, treatment of MM-exposed preOB with XRK3F2 after MM removal decreased GFI1 enrichment at Runx2-P1 and rescued MM-induced suppression of Runx2 mRNA and its downstream osteogenic gene targets together with increased osteogenic differentiation. Further, primary BMSC (hBMSC) from MM patients (MM-hBMSC) had little ability to increase H3K9ac on the Runx2 promoter in osteogenic conditions when compared to hBMSC from healthy donors (HD). XRK3F2 treatment enriched Runx2 gene H3K9ac levels in MM-hBMSC to the level observed in HD-hBMSC, but did not alter HD-hBMSC H3K9ac. Importantly, XRK3F2 treatment of long-term MM-hBMSC cultures rescued osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. Our data show that blocking p62-ZZ domain-dependent signaling with XRK3F2 can reverse epigenetic-based mechanisms of MM-induced Runx2 suppression and promote osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Adamik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rebecca Silbermann
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Silvia Marino
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Quanhong Sun
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Judith L. Anderson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Dan Zhou
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - G. David Roodman
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deborah L. Galson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Deborah L. Galson ;
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102
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Role of Galectins in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122740. [PMID: 29258207 PMCID: PMC5751341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of lectins that bind β-galactose-containing glycoconjugates and are characterized by carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). Galectins exploit several biological functions, including angiogenesis, regulation of immune cell activities and cell adhesion, in both physiological and pathological processes, as tumor progression. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell (PC) malignancy characterized by the tight adhesion between tumoral PCs and bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, leading to the increase of PC survival and drug resistance, MM-induced neo-angiogenesis, immunosuppression and osteolytic bone lesions. In this review, we explore the expression profiles and the roles of galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-8 and galectin-9 in the pathophysiology of MM. We focus on the role of these lectins in the interplay between MM and BM microenvironment cells showing their involvement in MM progression mainly through the regulation of PC survival and MM-induced angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. The translational impact of these pre-clinical pieces of evidence is supported by recent data that indicate galectins could be new attractive targets to block MM cell growth in vivo and by the evidence that the expression levels of LGALS1 and LGALS8, genes encoding for galectin-1 and galectin-8 respectively, correlate to MM patients’ survival.
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Kün-Darbois JD, Quenel L, Badja S, Chappard D. Tooth Extraction Locally Stimulates Proliferation of Multiple Myeloma in a Patient with Mandibular Localizations. Acta Haematol 2017; 138:201-207. [PMID: 29207391 DOI: 10.1159/000481425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the occurrence of osteolytic lesions. MM treatment usually involves antiresorptive drugs (mainly bisphosphonates). CASE REPORT A patient with an MM presented osteolytic lesions of the mandible. Extraction of teeth 45 and 46 was performed 5 years after the diagnosis of periodontitis. Four months later, osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) was diagnosed at the extraction site. X-ray showed an extension of osteolytic lesions on the right side, close to the extraction site, without modification of the lesions on the left side. Two months later, a curettage was performed because of a painful bone sequestration. X-ray showed an extension of the osteolytic lesions on the right side. RESULTS Histological analysis found a vascularized plasmacytoma of the soft tissues around the ONJ. Analysis of the bone showed mixed lesions with osteonecrotic areas and living bone resorbed by active osteoclasts surrounding a plasmacytoma. The surface area of the osteolytic foci has considerably increased only close to the extraction site. CONCLUSIONS Tooth extraction triggered an ONJ associated with bisphosphonate treatment. However, it also seemed to induce a considerable proliferation of plasma cells at the extraction site; we hypothesize that it is due to the increase in bone remodeling related to the surgical trauma.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides a summary of the current knowledge on Sost/sclerostin in cancers targeting the bone, discusses novel observations regarding its potential as a therapeutic approach to treat cancer-induced bone loss, and proposes future research needed to fully understand the potential of therapeutic approaches that modulate sclerostin function. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence shows that sclerostin expression is dysregulated in a number of cancers that target the bone. Further, new findings demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of sclerostin in preclinical models of multiple myeloma results in a robust prevention of bone loss and preservation of bone strength, without apparent effects on tumor growth. These data raise the possibility of targeting sclerostin for the treatment of cancer patients with bone metastasis. Sclerostin is emerging as a valuable target to prevent the bone destruction that accompanies the growth of cancer cells in the bone. Further studies will focus on combining anti-sclerostin therapy with tumor-targeted agents to achieve both beneficial skeletal outcomes and inhibition of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M McDonald
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St. Vincent's School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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105
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Tian M, Huang H. The therapeutic effect of modified Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang for multiple myeloma: An 18-year follow-up case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9074. [PMID: 29245321 PMCID: PMC5728936 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. The median survival has increased to 6 years in recent years. But MM remains incurable. Some studies about the effects of Chinese herb medicine on MM have been carried out. Long survival in MM patients through Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapies has been reported rarely before. PATIENT CONCERNS We report a case of a female patient who was diagnosed with MM in 2000 at the age of 49. She received 9 cycles of multiple chemotherapeutic regimens mainly based on melphalan from September 2000 to May 2001. Though her condition was under control in some degree, she discontinued treatment due to significant side effects such as fatigue, hyperhidrosis, fever, chill, larynx mucosa ulcers, pharynx mucosa ulcers, and poor appetite. Instead, she sought treatment with TCM alone. DIAGNOSES Based on the TCM theory, the patient's condition was categorized as Xue Bi. INTERVENTIONS Up to the present, the patient has been using modified Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang (HGWT) continuously for 18 years. In this prescription, Radix Astragali is an important herb. When the patient's condition worsened, its dosage was increased from 30 to 120g. Besides, she has been eating Radix Astragali porridge or drinking Radix Astragali tea for almost 18 years at the same time. OUTCOMES Throughout the period, no obvious side effects have been observed and her health condition remains stable. LESSONS Polysaccharides isolated from Astragalus membranaceus (Radix Astragali) and Polyporus umbellatus could promote maturation of dendritic cells. Polysaccharides and flavonoids isolated from Astragalus membranaceus could regulate bone marrow microenvironment by inhibiting secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12 p40 and bidirectionally regulating the osteogenic capacity of osteoblasts. Besides, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, another important component of the prescription, has inhibitory effects on osteolytic bone lesions. This case suggests TCM treatment may have a positive therapeutic effect on MM. Modified HGWT, especially the Chinese herb medicine Radix Astragali could potentially be an alternative option for the treatment of MM. Both pharmacological studies and randomized clinical trials are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huang Huang
- International Jingfang Institute, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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106
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Ejtehadifar M, Halabian R, Fooladi AAI, Ghazavi A, Mosayebi G. Anti-cancer effects of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin type B on U266 cells co-cultured with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:438-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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107
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Mesenchymal stem cells expressing osteoprotegerin variants inhibit osteolysis in a murine model of multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2017; 1:2375-2385. [PMID: 29296887 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017007310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatment options for multiple myeloma (MM) osteolytic lesions are mainly combinations of chemotherapy and other small-molecule inhibitors, but toxic side effects still remain a major concern. Studies have shown that osteoclast activity is enhanced in MM patients through increased expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), triggering RANK signaling on osteoclast precursors, which results in aggressive bone resorption. Furthermore, osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor for RANKL, and the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are significantly decreased in myeloma patients with multiple bone lesions. Thus, the use of OPG as a therapeutic molecule would greatly decrease osteolytic damage and reduce morbidity. However, in addition to inhibiting osteoclast activation, OPG binds to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), thereby rendering the tumor cells resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and limiting the use of OPG for therapy. The present study developed a bone-disseminated myeloma disease model in mouse and successfully tested a cell therapy approach using MSCs, genetically engineered to express OPG variants that retain the capacity to bind RANKL, but do not bind TRAIL. Our results of skeletal remodeling following this regenerative stem cell therapy with OPG variants indicated a significant protection against myeloma-induced osteolytic bone damage in areas of major myeloma skeletal dissemination, suggesting the potential of this therapy for treating osteolytic damage in myeloma patients.
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108
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Chen YL, Liu YC, Wu CH, Yeh CM, Chiu HI, Lee GY, Lee YT, Hsu P, Lin TW, Gau JP, Hsiao LT, Chiou TJ, Liu JH, Liu CJ. Role of BMI and age in predicting pathologic vertebral fractures in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: A retrospective cohort study. Hematol Oncol 2017; 36:407-415. [PMID: 29105945 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vertebral fractures affect approximately 30% of myeloma patients and lead to a poor impact on survival and life quality. In general, age and body mass index (BMI) are reported to have an important role in vertebral fractures. However, the triangle relationship among age, BMI, and vertebral fractures is still unclear in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. This study recruited consecutive 394 patients with NDMM at Taipei Veterans General Hospital between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015. Risk factors for vertebral fractures in NDMM patients were collected and analyzed. The survival curves were demonstrated using Kaplan-Meier estimate. In total, 301 (76.4%) NDMM patients were enrolled in the cohort. In the median follow-up period of 18.0 months, the median survival duration in those with vertebral fractures ≥ 2 was shorter than those with vertebral fracture < 2 (59.3 vs 28.6 months; P = 0.017). In multivariate Poisson regression, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 declared increased vertebral fractures compared with BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2 (adjusted RR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.44-5.43). In multivariable logistic regression, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 was an independent risk factor for vertebral fractures ≥ 2 compared with BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2 (adjusted OR, 6.05; 95% CI, 2.43-15.08). Among age stratifications, patients with both old age and low BMI were at a greater risk suffering from increased vertebral fractures, especially in patients > 75 years and BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (adjusted RR, 12.22; 95% CI, 3.02-49.40). This is the first study that demonstrated that age had a significant impact on vertebral fractures in NDMM patients with low BMI. Elder patients with low BMI should consider to routinely receive spinal radiographic examinations and regular follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Chen
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Wu
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Mei Yeh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-I Chiu
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gin-Yi Lee
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Lee
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei Hsu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Pyng Gau
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tsai Hsiao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Transfusion Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hwang Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Min University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chong Hin Loon Memorial Cancer and Biotherapy Research Center, National Yang-Min University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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109
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Raza S, Leng S, Lentzsch S. The Critical Role of Imaging in the Management of Multiple Myeloma. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2017; 12:168-175. [PMID: 28317080 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-017-0379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow leading to symptoms of anemia, renal failure, hypercalcemia, and bone lesions. Bone imaging is critical for the diagnosis, staging, assessment for the presence and extent of bone lesions, and initial treatment of MM. Skeletal survey is the preferred initial imaging modality due to its availability and low cost. However, it has poor sensitivity and patients with occult myeloma may escape detection, delaying their diagnosis and treatment. New cross-sectional imaging modalities such as low-dose whole body CT, MRI, and PET-CT have high sensitivity and specificity for detecting lytic lesions and extramedullary relapse in MM. The combined use of cross-sectional imaging may provide complimentary information for staging, prognosis, and disease monitoring. In this review, we will discuss commonly used imaging modalities and their advantages and disadvantages in the management of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Raza
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Siyang Leng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Suzanne Lentzsch
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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110
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone disease is a defining characteristic of multiple myeloma (MM) and the major cause of morbidity. It manifests as lytic lesions or osteopenia and is often associated with severe pain, pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, vertebral collapse, and hypercalcemia. Here, we have reviewed recent data on understanding its biology and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The imbalance between bone regeneration and bone resorption underlies the pathogenesis of osteolytic bone disease. Increased osteoclast proliferation and activity accompanied by inhibition of bone-forming osteoblasts leads to progressive bone loss and lytic lesions. Although tremendous progress has been made, MM remains an incurable disease. Novel agents targeting bone disease are under investigation with the goal of not only preventing bone loss and improving bone quality but also harnessing MM tumor growth. Current data illustrate that the interactions between MM cells and the tumor-bone microenvironment contribute to the bone disease and continued MM progression. A better understanding of this microenvironment is critical for novel therapeutic treatments of both MM and associated bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panaroni
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew J Yee
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Noopur S Raje
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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111
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The bone marrow microenvironment – Home of the leukemic blasts. Blood Rev 2017; 31:277-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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112
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Mansour A, Wakkach A, Blin-Wakkach C. Emerging Roles of Osteoclasts in the Modulation of Bone Microenvironment and Immune Suppression in Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2017; 8:954. [PMID: 28848556 PMCID: PMC5554508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common forms of hematologic malignancy resulting from cancerous proliferation of mature malignant plasma cells (MPCs). But despite the real improvement in therapeutics in the past years, it remains largely incurable. MM is the most frequent cancer to involve bone due to the stimulation of osteoclast (OCL) differentiation and activity. OCLs have a unique capacity to resorb bone. However, recent studies reveal that they are not restrained to this sole function. They participate in the control of angiogenesis, medullary niches, and immune responses, including in MM. Therefore, therapeutic approaches targeting OCLs probably affect not only bone resorption but also many other functions, and OCLs should not be considered anymore only as targets to improve the bone phenotype but also to modulate bone microenvironment. In this review, we explore these novel contributions of OCLs to MM which reveal their strong implication in the MM physiopathology. We also underline the therapeutic interest of targeting OCLs not only to overcome bone lesions, but also to improve bone microenvironment and anti-tumoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mansour
- CNRS, UMR7370, LP2M, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Abdelilah Wakkach
- CNRS, UMR7370, LP2M, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- CNRS, UMR7370, LP2M, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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113
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Brunetti G, Faienza MF, Colaianni G, Grano M, Colucci S. Mechanisms of Altered Bone Remodeling in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-017-9236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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114
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells, and patients typically present with bone marrow infiltration of clonal plasma cells and monoclonal protein in the serum and/or urine. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma is made when clear end-organ damage attributable to the plasma cell proliferative disorder or when findings that suggest a high likelihood of their development are present. Distinguishing symptomatic multiple myeloma that requires treatment from the precursor stages of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smouldering multiple myeloma is important, as observation is the standard for those conditions. Much progress has been made over the past decade in the understanding of disease biology and individualized treatment approaches. Several new classes of drugs, such as proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs, have joined the traditional armamentarium (corticosteroids, alkylating agents and anthracyclines) and, along with high-dose therapy and autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, have led to deeper and durable clinical responses. Indeed, an increasing proportion of patients are achieving lasting remissions, raising the possibility of cure for this disease. Success will probably depend on using combinations of effective agents and treating patients in the early stages of disease, such as patients with smouldering multiple myeloma.
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115
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Guo J, Fei C, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Zheng Q, Su J, Wu D, Li X, Chang C. Lenalidomide restores the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from multiple myeloma patients via deactivating Notch signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55405-55421. [PMID: 28903429 PMCID: PMC5589668 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) always presents osteolytic bone lesions, resulting from the abnormal osteoblastic and osteoclastic function in patients. MM patients exhibit the impairment of osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) and osteoblast deficiency. Effects of the drug, lenalidomide on the osteoblastic functions and the involved mechanisms remain unexplored. In the present study, it is observed that the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs from MM patients (MM-MSCs) is impaired and activation of Notch signaling pathway in MM-MSCs is abnormal. Notch signaling activation inhibits BMMSCs osteogenesis. Knockdown of Notch1 expression and DAPT application reverse the osteogenic differentiation from MM-MSCs. Furthermore, it is shown that the gene expression of Notch signaling molecules, including receptors, ligands and downstream factors are significantly decreased in MM-MSCs following lenalidomide treatment, compared with non-treated MM-MSCs. Taken together, treatment with lenalidomide restores the osteogenic differentiation of MM-MSCs via deactivating Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chengming Fei
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Youshan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Sida Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qingqing Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiying Su
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chunkang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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Savvidou OD, Bolia IK, Chloros GD, Papanastasiou J, Koutsouradis P, Papagelopoulos PJ. Denosumab: Current Use in the Treatment of Primary Bone Tumors. Orthopedics 2017; 40:204-210. [PMID: 28732103 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20170627-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits bone resorption by binding on the receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa-β ligand, has recently emerged as an additional option in the treatment of musculoskeletal osteolytic tumors. This article focuses on the recent literature regarding the effectiveness of denosumab in the management of giant cell tumor, multiple myeloma, aneurysmal bone cyst, and osteosarcoma. The mechanism of action of denosumab in the management of these tumors and the associated side effects are discussed in detail. [ Orthopedics. 2017; 40(4):204-210.].
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117
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Zhu X, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Qin T, Chen J, Chu X, Yi Q, Gao S, Wang S. Dectin-1 signaling inhibits osteoclastogenesis via IL-33-induced inhibition of NFATc1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53366-53374. [PMID: 28881817 PMCID: PMC5581116 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal osteoclast activation contributes to osteolytic bone diseases (OBDs). It was reported that curdlan, an agonist of dectin-1, inhibits osteoclastogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, we found that curdlan potently inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and the resultant bone resorption. Curdlan inhibited the expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), the key transcriptional factor for osteoclastogenesis. Notably, dectin-1 activation increased the expression of MafB, an inhibitor of NFATc1, and IL-33 in osteoclast precursors. Mechanistic studies revealed that IL-33 enhanced the expression of MafB in osteoclast precursors and inhibited osteoclast precursors to differentiate into mature osteoclasts. Furthermore, blocking ST2, the IL-33 receptor, partially abrogated curdlan-induced inhibition of NFATc1 expression and osteoclast differentiation. Thus, our study has provided new insights into the mechanisms of dectin-1-induced inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and may provide new targets for the therapy of OBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.,Department of Hematology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo 315336, China
| | - Yinghua Zhao
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Yuxue Jiang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Tianxue Qin
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Jintong Chen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Qing Yi
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Siqing Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
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Costa F, Toscani D, Chillemi A, Quarona V, Bolzoni M, Marchica V, Vescovini R, Mancini C, Martella E, Campanini N, Schifano C, Bonomini S, Accardi F, Horenstein AL, Aversa F, Malavasi F, Giuliani N. Expression of CD38 in myeloma bone niche: A rational basis for the use of anti-CD38 immunotherapy to inhibit osteoclast formation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56598-56611. [PMID: 28915615 PMCID: PMC5593586 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that multiple myeloma (MM) cells express CD38 and that a recently developed human anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody Daratumumab mediates myeloma killing. However, the expression of CD38 and other functionally related ectoenzymes within the MM bone niche and the potential effects of Daratumumab on bone cells are still unknown. This study firstly defines by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry the expression of CD38 by bone marrow cells in a cohort of patients with MM and indolent monoclonal gammopathies. Results indicate that only plasma cells expressed CD38 at high level within the bone niche. In addition, the flow cytometry analysis shows that CD38 was also expressed by monocytes and early osteoclast progenitors but not by osteoblasts and mature osteoclasts. Indeed, CD38 was lost during in vitro osteoclastogenesis. Consistently, we found that Daratumumab reacted with CD38 expressed on monocytes and its binding inhibited in vitro osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption activity from bone marrow total mononuclear cells of MM patients, targeting early osteoclast progenitors. The inhibitory effect was not observed from purified CD14+ cells, suggesting an indirect inhibitory effect of Daratumumab. Interestingly, all-trans retinoic acid treatment increased the inhibitory effect of Daratumumab on osteoclast formation. These observations provide a rationale for the use of an anti-CD38 antibody-based approach as treatment for multiple myeloma-induced osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Costa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonella Chillemi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Quarona
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marina Bolzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,CoreLab, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Vescovini
- Clinical Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Mancini
- Pathology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Eugenia Martella
- Pathology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Schifano
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bonomini
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Accardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto L Horenstein
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences and CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy.,CoreLab, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
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119
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Rosenbaum E, Marks D, Raza S. Diagnosis and management of neuropathies associated with plasma cell dyscrasias. Hematol Oncol 2017; 36:3-14. [PMID: 28397326 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathies associated with plasma cell dyscrasias are a major cause of morbidity for patients managed by medical oncologists. Because of similarities in clinical presentation and on nerve conduction studies, identifying the underlying disease leading to a paraproteinemic neuropathy can often be difficult. In addition, the degree of neurologic deficit does not strictly correlate with the extent of abnormalities on common clinical laboratory testing. Fortunately, with increasing understanding into the biologic mechanisms of underlying hematologic diseases, additional biomarkers have recently been developed, thus improving our diagnostic capacity. Neuropathies associated with plasma cells dyscrasias are seen with Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) particularly IgM subtype, followed by IgG and IgA MGUS, multiple myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, amyloid, Castleman's disease, and POEMS syndrome. The mechanisms of neuronal injury associated with plasma cell dyscrasia vary based on underlying diagnosis and include malignant infiltration, immune-mediated antibody deposition, or local compression of nerve roots. The polyneuropathies are frequently demyelinating, although axonal and mixed neuropathies can also be seen. As demonstrated by the cases included in this review, patients frequently present with symmetric sensory disturbance, followed by progressive motor weakness. Unfortunately, because of the complexity of diagnostic testing, patients are frequently examined late, often after receiving several ineffective therapies. The aim of this case-based review is to provide clinicians with insight on how to properly recognize these atypical neuropathies and send the appropriate diagnostic work, increasing the likelihood of accurately classify the patient's underlying hematologic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Rosenbaum
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Marks
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahzad Raza
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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120
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Libouban H, Chappard D. Altered bone microarchitecture and gene expression profile due to calcium deficiency in a mouse model of myeloma. Micron 2017; 96:77-85. [PMID: 28273524 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is not clear why patients with an indolent form of multiple myeloma (MM) develop into an aggressive form with poor prognostic. We investigated the effect of a dietary calcium deficiency on tumor growth, osteolysis and gene expression in the 5T2MM murine model. Two groups of C57BL/KaLwRij mice received 5T2MM cells and started a diet with normal (0.8%; "normal-Ca-MM") or low calcium content (0.05%; "low-Ca-MM"). Two control groups (without 5T2MM cells) received either a normal or low calcium diet (normal-Ca and low-Ca groups). Tumor growth, osteolysis and marrow gene expression of the Wnt pathway, RANKL and MIP-1α were monitored at 6, 8 and 10 weeks (w) after cell injection. In low-Ca mice, serum level of PTH was higher after 10w; microCT showed trabecular bone loss and decrease of cortical thickness at the tibia. A higher M-protein level was evidenced at 10w and 4 mice developed paraplegia at 8/9w in low-Ca-MM group only. Numerous cortical perforations of the tibia were observed in MM groups with a marked decrease in cortical thickness in low-Ca-MM. At 6w, osteoclast number from the endosteum was significantly higher in low-Ca-MM compared to normal-Ca MM. This observation was not found at 8 and 10w. MicroCT of the lumbar vertebrae showed dramatic bone destruction in the low-Ca-MM group. qPCR revealed no difference in RANKL expression whereas differences were obtained in the expression of Lrp5/Lrp6 and MIP-1α from 6w. A low calcium diet induced higher bone destruction in the tibia and vertebra associated with an earlier decrease in bone formation level and a higher increase in bone resorption level at early time in the MM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Libouban
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex, France.
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex, France
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121
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Asimakopoulos F, Hope C, Johnson MG, Pagenkopf A, Gromek K, Nagel B. Extracellular matrix and the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment: balancing tolerogenic and immunogenic inflammation in the myeloma niche. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:265-275. [PMID: 28254840 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr1116-468r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The last 10-15 years have witnessed a revolution in treating multiple myeloma, an incurable cancer of Ab-producing plasma cells. Advances in myeloma therapy were ushered in by novel agents that remodel the myeloma immune microenvironment. The first generation of novel agents included immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide analogs) and proteasome inhibitors that target crucial pathways that regulate immunity and inflammation, such as NF-κB. This paradigm continued with the recent regulatory approval of mAbs (elotuzumab, daratumumab) that impact both tumor cells and associated immune cells. Moreover, recent clinical data support checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy in myeloma. With the success of these agents has come the growing realization that the myeloid infiltrate in myeloma lesions-what we collectively call the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment-variably sustains or deters tumor cells by shaping the inflammatory milieu of the myeloma niche and by promoting or antagonizing immune-modulating therapies. The myeloid-in-myeloma compartment includes myeloma-associated macrophages and granulocytes, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived-suppressor cells. These cell types reflect variable states of differentiation and activation of tumor-infiltrating cells derived from resident myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow-the canonical myeloma niche-or myeloid cells that seed both canonical and extramedullary, noncanonical niches. Myeloma-infiltrating myeloid cells engage in crosstalk with extracellular matrix components, stromal cells, and tumor cells. This complex regulation determines the composition, activation state, and maturation of the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment as well as the balance between immunogenic and tolerogenic inflammation in the niche. Redressing this balance may be a crucial determinant for the success of antimyeloma immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; .,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chelsea Hope
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael G Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adam Pagenkopf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kimberly Gromek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bradley Nagel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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122
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Delgado-Calle J, Sato AY, Bellido T. Role and mechanism of action of sclerostin in bone. Bone 2017; 96:29-37. [PMID: 27742498 PMCID: PMC5328835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After discovering that lack of Sost/sclerostin expression is the cause of the high bone mass human syndromes Van Buchem disease and sclerosteosis, extensive animal experimentation and clinical studies demonstrated that sclerostin plays a critical role in bone homeostasis and that its deficiency or pharmacological neutralization increases bone formation. Dysregulation of sclerostin expression also underlies the pathophysiology of skeletal disorders characterized by loss of bone mass, as well as the damaging effects of some cancers in bone. Thus, sclerostin has quickly become a promising molecular target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other skeletal diseases, and beneficial skeletal outcomes are observed in animal studies and clinical trials using neutralizing antibodies against sclerostin. However, the anabolic effect of blocking sclerostin decreases with time, bone mass accrual is also accompanied by anti-catabolic effects, and there is bone loss over time after therapy discontinuation. Further, the cellular source of sclerostin in the bone/bone marrow microenvironment under physiological and pathological conditions, the pathways that regulate sclerostin expression and the mechanisms by which sclerostin modulates the activity of osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts remain unclear. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge on the regulation of Sost/sclerotin expression and its mechanism(s) of action, discuss novel observations regarding its role in signaling pathways activated by hormones and mechanical stimuli in bone, and propose future research needed to understand the full potential of therapeutic interventions that modulate Sost/sclerostin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Amy Y Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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123
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124
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Bolzoni M, Ronchetti D, Storti P, Donofrio G, Marchica V, Costa F, Agnelli L, Toscani D, Vescovini R, Todoerti K, Bonomini S, Sammarelli G, Vecchi A, Guasco D, Accardi F, Palma BD, Gamberi B, Ferrari C, Neri A, Aversa F, Giuliani N. IL21R expressing CD14 +CD16 + monocytes expand in multiple myeloma patients leading to increased osteoclasts. Haematologica 2017; 102:773-784. [PMID: 28057743 PMCID: PMC5395118 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.153841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow monocytes are primarily committed to osteoclast formation. It is, however, unknown whether potential primary alterations are specifically present in bone marrow monocytes from patients with multiple myeloma, smoldering myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. We analyzed the immunophenotypic and transcriptional profiles of bone marrow CD14+ monocytes in a cohort of patients with different types of monoclonal gammopathies to identify alterations involved in myeloma-enhanced osteoclastogenesis. The number of bone marrow CD14+CD16+ cells was higher in patients with active myeloma than in those with smoldering myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Interestingly, sorted bone marrow CD14+CD16+ cells from myeloma patients were more pro-osteoclastogenic than CD14+CD16-cells in cultures ex vivo. Moreover, transcriptional analysis demonstrated that bone marrow CD14+ cells from patients with multiple myeloma (but neither monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance nor smoldering myeloma) significantly upregulated genes involved in osteoclast formation, including IL21R. IL21R mRNA over-expression by bone marrow CD14+ cells was independent of the presence of interleukin-21. Consistently, interleukin-21 production by T cells as well as levels of interleukin-21 in the bone marrow were not significantly different among monoclonal gammopathies. Thereafter, we showed that IL21R over-expression in CD14+ cells increased osteoclast formation. Consistently, interleukin-21 receptor signaling inhibition by Janex 1 suppressed osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow CD14+ cells of myeloma patients. Our results indicate that bone marrow monocytes from multiple myeloma patients show distinct features compared to those from patients with indolent monoclonal gammopathies, supporting the role of IL21R over-expression by bone marrow CD14+ cells in enhanced osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bolzoni
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Domenica Ronchetti
- Dept. of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy.,Hematology Unit, "Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda", Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Storti
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,CoreLab, University Hospital of Parma, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Dept. of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchica
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,CoreLab, University Hospital of Parma, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Federica Costa
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Agnelli
- Dept. of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy.,Hematology Unit, "Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda", Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Vescovini
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Katia Todoerti
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Sammarelli
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Infectious Disease Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Guasco
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Accardi
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Benedetta Dalla Palma
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Gamberi
- "Dip. Oncologico e Tecnologie Avanzate", IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrari
- Infectious Disease Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Dept. of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy.,Hematology Unit, "Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda", Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.,CoreLab, University Hospital of Parma, Rionero in Vulture, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Myeloma Unit, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy .,CoreLab, University Hospital of Parma, Rionero in Vulture, Italy.,Hematology and BMT Center, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
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125
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Sartakhti JS, Manshaei MH, Bateni S, Archetti M. Evolutionary Dynamics of Tumor-Stroma Interactions in Multiple Myeloma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168856. [PMID: 28030607 PMCID: PMC5193458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells and stromal cells cooperate by exchanging diffusible factors that sustain tumor growth, a form of frequency-dependent selection that can be studied in the framework of evolutionary game theory. In the case of multiple myeloma, three types of cells (malignant plasma cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts) exchange growth factors with different effects, and tumor-stroma interactions have been analysed using a model of cooperation with pairwise interactions. Here we show that a model in which growth factors have autocrine and paracrine effects on multiple cells, a more realistic assumption for tumor-stroma interactions, leads to different results, with implications for disease progression and treatment. In particular, the model reveals that reducing the number of malignant plasma cells below a critical threshold can lead to their extinction and thus to restore a healthy balance between osteoclast and osteoblast, a result in line with current therapies against multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Salimi Sartakhti
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Manshaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
- * E-mail: (MHM); (MA)
| | - Soroosh Bateni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marco Archetti
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MHM); (MA)
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126
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Chaudhary S, Gothwal A, Khan I, Srivastava S, Malik R, Gupta U. Polypropyleneimine and polyamidoamine dendrimer mediated enhanced solubilization of bortezomib: Comparison and evaluation of mechanistic aspects by thermodynamics and molecular simulations. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 72:611-619. [PMID: 28024628 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ) is the first proteasome inhibitor approved by the US-FDA is majorly used for the treatment of newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma including mantle cell lymphoma. BTZ is hydrophobic in nature and is a major cause for its minimal presence as marketed formulations. The present study reports the design, development and characterization of dendrimer based formulation for the improved solubility and effectivity of bortezomib. The study also equally focuses on the mechanistic elucidation of solubilization by two types of dendrimers i.e. fourth generation of poly (amidoamine) dendrimers (G4-PAMAM-NH2) and fifth generation of poly (propylene) imine dendrimers (G5-PPI-NH2). It was observed that aqueous solubility of BTZ was concentration and pH dependent. At 2mM G5-PPI-NH2 concentration, the fold increase in bortezomib solubility was 1152.63 times in water, while approximately 3426.69 folds increase in solubility was observed at pH10.0, respectively (p<0.05). The solubility of the drug was increased to a greater extent with G5-PPI-NH2 dendrimers because it has more hydrophobic interior than G4-PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers. The release of BTZ from G5-PPI-NH2 complex was comparatively slower than G4-PAMAM-NH2. The thermodynamic treatment of data proved that dendrimer drug complexes were stable at all pH with values of ΔG always negative. The experimental findings were also proven by molecular simulation studies and by calculating RMSD and intermolecular hydrogen bonding through Schrodinger software. It was concluded that PPI dendrimers were able to solubilize the drug more effectively than PAMAM dendrimers through electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Avinash Gothwal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Iliyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Shubham Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.
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Knockdown of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells inhibits osteoclastic differentiation through inhibiting the RANKL-Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5199-5204. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in inducing autophagy and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4623-4629. [PMID: 28105169 PMCID: PMC5228543 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is the downstream effector of the Wnt signaling pathway, which regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been shown to positively correlate with prognosis in several types of malignancies. The present study aimed to determine the role of β-catenin in multiple myeloma (MM) cells using lentiviruses expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA). The expression of β-catenin in the MM cell line RPMI-8826 was evaluated following β-catenin knockdown by the siRNA. Subsequently, the activation of autophagy in MM cells was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and western blot analyses. Cell apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins following β-catenin silencing was investigated by flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. A significant decrease in β-catenin expression was observed in the MM cell line expressing β-catenin-specific siRNA. Activation of autophagy was induced by β-catenin silencing, as evidenced by increases in the number of autophagic vacuoles and the expression of the autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 and Beclin-1. Furthermore, the expression of 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase was increased, and that of mechanistic target of rapamycin was decreased, following β-catenin silencing. In addition, there was an increase in the rate of apoptosis of MM cells following β-catenin silencing, accompanied by increased protein expression of phosphorylated p53, active caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein, and decreased protein expression of Bcl-2. The results of the present study suggested that β-catenin silencing induced autophagy and apoptosis in MM cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that a β-catenin deficiency induces autophagy in MM cells. These findings suggested that inhibition of β-catenin could be a potential therapeutic target for patients with MM.
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Chang Q, Geng R, Wang S, Qu D, Kong X. DOPA-based paclitaxel-loaded liposomes with modifications of transferrin and alendronate for bone and myeloma targeting. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3629-3638. [PMID: 27749106 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1214989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for multiple myeloma (MM) with a combined strategy of bone and tumor targeting remains a crucial technical challenge due to the incorporation of various functional components into one single system. Here, we developed dioleoyl phosphatidic acid (DOPA)-based paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded liposomes with modifications of alendronate and transferrin (Ald-/Tf-modified PTX-L), which were capable of bone affinity mediated by phosphate groups in DOPA and alendronate, and tumor targeting offered by transferrin. Ald-/Tf-modified PTX-L had clear and well-defined spherical shape with an intermediated size of 118.8 ± 4.8 nm, a highly negative surface charge of -46.9 ± 6.8 mV and a drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) of approximately 80%. When the pH was changed from pH 7.4 to pH 6.5, the accumulative release of PTX from Ald-/Tf-modified PTX-L significantly increased from 26.7 ± 3.7% to 41.7 ± 4.9%. Importantly, liposomes based on DOPA displayed an obviously stronger affinity with hydroxyapatite (HAp) than 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE)-based liposomes. Compared to PTX-L, Ald-/Tf-modified PTX-L exhibited obvious improvement of cytotoxicity (IC50 = 1.25 ± 0.09 μg/mL), significant enhancement on PTX intracellular accumulation (16.58 ± 0.62 μg/mg) and notable promotion to apoptosis induction (45.21 ± 3.10%) toward myeloma (MM1s) cells. In this study of antitumor efficacy, Ald-/Tf-modified PTX-L with bone-specific targeting showed a significant effect on extending the median survival time (48 days) and terminal survival time (> 58 days) against the MM1S-injected nude mice among all formulations. The results suggested that Ald-/Tf-modified PTX-L had potential as an efficient anticancer drug delivery system for MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- a Department of Orthopaedics , School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Rui Geng
- a Department of Orthopaedics , School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Shanzheng Wang
- a Department of Orthopaedics , School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Ding Qu
- b Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , P.R. China , and
| | - Xiangfei Kong
- a Department of Orthopaedics , School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China.,c Surgical Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China
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Fregnani ER, Leite AA, Parahyba CJ, Nesrallah ACA, Ramos-Perez FMDM, Perez DEDC. Mandibular destructive radiolucent lesion: The first sign of multiple myeloma. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e465-e468. [PMID: 27703618 PMCID: PMC5045697 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of a mandibular lesion as the first sign of multiple myeloma (MM) is uncommon. This report describes a case of MM diagnosed because of a mandibular lesion. A 62-year-old woman presented a destructive radiolucent lesion in the right mandibular ramus. The lesion caused rupture of the anterior cortical bone and extended from the retromolar area to the coronoid process. An incisional biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed numerous pleomorphic plasma cells, some with binucleated nuclei. The tumor cells showed kappa light-chain restriction. Bone marrow biopsy showed findings of massive infiltration of neoplastic plasma cells, besides lesions in the vertebrae. The diagnosis of MM was established. The patient underwent autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Currently, the patient is under regular follow up after 40 months of initial treatment. In conclusion, MM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of destructive mandibular lesions.
Key words:Mandible, multiple myeloma, radiolucent lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda-Almeida Leite
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Danyel-Elias-da Cruz Perez
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Liu H, Liu Z, Du J, He J, Lin P, Amini B, Starbuck MW, Novane N, Shah JJ, Davis RE, Hou J, Gagel RF, Yang J. Thymidine phosphorylase exerts complex effects on bone resorption and formation in myeloma. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:353ra113. [PMID: 27559096 PMCID: PMC5109917 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad8949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Myelomatous bone disease is characterized by the development of lytic bone lesions and a concomitant reduction in bone formation, leading to chronic bone pain and fractures. To understand the underlying mechanism, we investigated the contribution of myeloma-expressed thymidine phosphorylase (TP) to bone lesions. In osteoblast progenitors, TP up-regulated the methylation of RUNX2 and osterix, leading to decreased bone formation. In osteoclast progenitors, TP up-regulated the methylation of IRF8 and thereby enhanced expression of NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 protein), leading to increased bone resorption. TP reversibly catalyzes thymidine into thymine and 2-deoxy-d-ribose (2DDR). Myeloma-secreted 2DDR bound to integrin αVβ3/α5β1 in the progenitors, activated PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt signaling, and increased DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 3A) expression, resulting in hypermethylation of RUNX2, osterix, and IRF8 This study elucidates an important mechanism for myeloma-induced bone lesions, suggesting that targeting TP may be a viable approach to healing resorbed bone in patients. Because TP overexpression is common in bone-metastatic tumors, our findings could have additional mechanistic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Behrang Amini
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael W Starbuck
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nora Novane
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jatin J Shah
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard E Davis
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Robert F Gagel
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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132
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Fontana F, Ge X, Su X, Hathi D, Xiang J, Cenci S, Civitelli R, Shoghi KI, Akers WJ, D'avignon A, Weilbaecher KN, Shokeen M. Evaluating Acetate Metabolism for Imaging and Targeting in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:416-429. [PMID: 27486177 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesized that in multiple myeloma cells (MMC), high membrane biosynthesis will induce acetate uptake in vitro and in vivo Here, we studied acetate metabolism and targeting in MMC in vitro and tested the efficacy of 11C-acetate-positron emission tomography (PET) to detect and quantitatively image myeloma treatment response in vivo EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Acetate fate tracking using 13C-edited-1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) was performed to study in vitro acetate uptake and metabolism in MMC. Effects of pharmacological modulation of acetate transport or acetate incorporation into lipids on MMC cell survival and viability were assessed. Preclinical mouse MM models of subcutaneous and bone tumors were evaluated using 11C-acetate-PET/CT imaging and tissue biodistribution. RESULTS In vitro, NMR showed significant uptake of acetate by MMC and acetate incorporation into intracellular metabolites and membrane lipids. Inhibition of lipid synthesis and acetate transport was toxic to MMC, while sparing resident bone cells or normal B cells. In vivo, 11C-acetate uptake by PET imaging was significantly enhanced in subcutaneous and bone MMC tumors compared with unaffected bone or muscle tissue. Likewise, 11C-acetate uptake was significantly reduced in MM tumors after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Uptake of acetate from the extracellular environment was enhanced in MMC and was critical to cellular viability. 11C-Acetate-PET detected the presence of myeloma cells in vivo, including uptake in intramedullary bone disease. 11C-Acetate-PET also detected response to therapy in vivo Our data suggested that acetate metabolism and incorporation into lipids was crucial to MM cell biology and that 11C-acetate-PET is a promising imaging modality for MM. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 416-29. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fontana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xia Ge
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xinming Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deep Hathi
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jingyu Xiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Simone Cenci
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute (SRSI), Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Civitelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Walter J Akers
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andre D'avignon
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katherine N Weilbaecher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Monica Shokeen
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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133
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Cell adhesion induces overexpression of chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like gene (CHD1L) and contributes to cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) in multiple myeloma cells. Leuk Res 2016; 47:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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134
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Rajkumar SV. Multiple myeloma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:719-34. [PMID: 27291302 PMCID: PMC5291298 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma accounts for approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies.The diagnosis requires ≥10% clonal bone marrow plasma cells or a biopsy proven plasmacytoma plus evidence of one or more multiple myeloma defining events (MDE): CRAB (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, or lytic bone lesions) features felt related to the plasma cell disorder, bone marrow clonal plasmacytosis ≥60%, serum involved/uninvolved free light chain (FLC) ratio ≥100 (provided involved FLC is ≥100 mg/L), or >1 focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with del(17p), t(14;16), and t(14;20) have high-risk multiple myeloma. Patients with t(4;14) translocation and gain(1q) have intermediate-risk. All others are considered standard-risk. Initial treatment consists of bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (VRD). In high-risk patients, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (KRD) is an alternative to VRD. In eligible patients, initial therapy is given for approximately 3-4 months followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Standard risk patients can opt for delayed ASCT at first relapse. Patients not candidates for transplant are treated with Rd until progression, or alternatively, a triplet regimen such as VRD for approximately 12-18 months. After ASCT, lenalidomide maintenance is considered for standard risk patients especially in those who are not in very good partial response or better, while maintenance with a bortezomib-based regimen is needed for patients with intermediate or high-risk disease. Patients with indolent relapse can be treated with 2-drug or 3-drug combinations. Patients with more aggressive relapse require a triplet regimen or a combination of multiple active agents. Am. J. Hematol. 91:720-734, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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135
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[Bone metastases : New aspects of pathogenesis and systemic therapy]. Internist (Berl) 2016; 57:666-74. [PMID: 27270907 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-016-0076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of bone metastases, in particular secondary to breast and prostate cancer, represents a complex medical condition that is debilitating for affected patients. In order to provide an efficient and personalized therapy, an interdisciplinary treatment approach is mandatory; therefore, systemic pharmacological therapy represents a core element of the overall treatment concept. In terms of pathophysiology, the cancer cells cause a massive disturbance of the local bone microenvironment, which as a rule leads to activation of bone resorbing osteoclasts. In addition to bisphosphonates, which can be considered classical antiresorptive agents, the monoclonal receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) antibody denosumab has been in use in clinical practice since 2011. The alpha-emitting radioisotope Alpharadin was also recently approved for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. This article provides a summary of the most recent knowledge on the pathogenesis of how cancer cells alter the bone microenvironment as well as a review of established and future systemic treatment options.
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136
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Galectin-1 suppression delineates a new strategy to inhibit myeloma-induced angiogenesis and tumoral growth in vivo. Leukemia 2016; 30:2351-2363. [PMID: 27311934 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is involved in tumoral angiogenesis, hypoxia and metastases. Actually the Gal-1 expression profile in multiple myeloma (MM) patients and its pathophysiological role in MM-induced angiogenesis and tumoral growth are unknown. In this study, we found that Gal-1 expression by MM cells was upregulated in hypoxic conditions and that stable knockdown of hypoxia inducible factor-1α significantly downregulated its expression. Therefore, we performed Gal-1 inhibition using lentivirus transfection of shRNA anti-Gal-1 in human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), and showed that its suppression modified transcriptional profiles in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Interestingly, Gal-1 inhibition in MM cells downregulated proangiogenic genes, including MMP9 and CCL2, and upregulated the antiangiogenic ones SEMA3A and CXCL10. Consistently, Gal-1 suppression in MM cells significantly decreased their proangiogenic properties in vitro. This was confirmed in vivo, in two different mouse models injected with HMCLs transfected with anti-Gal-1 shRNA or the control vector. Gal-1 suppression in both models significantly reduced tumor burden and microvascular density as compared with the control mice. Moreover, Gal-1 suppression induced smaller lytic lesions on X-ray in the intratibial model. Overall, our data indicate that Gal-1 is a new potential therapeutic target in MM blocking angiogenesis.
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137
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Rubini G, Niccoli-Asabella A, Ferrari C, Racanelli V, Maggialetti N, Dammacco F. Myeloma bone and extra-medullary disease: Role of PET/CT and other whole-body imaging techniques. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 101:169-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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138
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Zangari M, Suva LJ. The effects of proteasome inhibitors on bone remodeling in multiple myeloma. Bone 2016; 86:131-8. [PMID: 26947893 PMCID: PMC5516941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone disease is a characteristic feature of multiple myeloma, a malignant plasma cell dyscrasia. In patients with multiple myeloma, the normal process of bone remodeling is dysregulated by aberrant bone marrow plasma cells, resulting in increased bone resorption, prevention of new bone formation, and consequent bone destruction. The ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is hyperactive in patients with multiple myeloma, controls the catabolism of several proteins that regulate bone remodeling. Clinical studies have reported that treatment with the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib reduces bone resorption and increases bone formation and bone mineral density in patients with multiple myeloma. Since the introduction of bortezomib in 2003, several next-generation proteasome inhibitors have also been used clinically, including carfilzomib, oprozomib, ixazomib, and delanzomib. This review summarizes the available preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the effect of proteasome inhibitors on bone remodeling in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Zangari
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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139
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Bersini S, Arrigoni C, Lopa S, Bongio M, Martin I, Moretti M. Engineered miniaturized models of musculoskeletal diseases. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1429-1436. [PMID: 27132520 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is an incredible machine that protects, supports and moves the human body. However, several diseases can limit its functionality, compromising patient quality of life. Designing novel pathological models would help to clarify the mechanisms driving such diseases, identify new biomarkers and screen potential drug candidates. Miniaturized models in particular can mimic the structure and function of basic tissue units within highly controlled microenvironments, overcoming the limitations of traditional macroscale models and complementing animal studies, which despite being closer to the in vivo situation, are affected by species-specific differences. Here, we discuss the miniaturized models engineered over the past few years to analyze osteochondral and skeletal muscle pathologies, demonstrating how the rationale design of novel systems could provide key insights into the pathological mechanisms behind diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bersini
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Arrigoni
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Lopa
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Matilde Bongio
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy; Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland; Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.
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140
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Toscani D, Palumbo C, Dalla Palma B, Ferretti M, Bolzoni M, Marchica V, Sena P, Martella E, Mancini C, Ferri V, Costa F, Accardi F, Craviotto L, Aversa F, Giuliani N. The Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Maintains Osteocyte Viability in Multiple Myeloma Patients by Reducing Both Apoptosis and Autophagy: A New Function for Proteasome Inhibitors. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:815-27. [PMID: 26551485 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by severely imbalanced bone remodeling. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of proteasome inhibitors (PIs), a class of drugs known to stimulate bone formation, on the mechanisms involved in osteocyte death induced by MM cells. First, we performed a histological analysis of osteocyte viability on bone biopsies on a cohort of 37 MM patients with symptomatic disease. A significantly higher number of viable osteocytes was detected in patients treated with a bortezomib (BOR)-based regimen compared with those treated without BOR. Interestingly, both osteocyte autophagy and apoptosis were affected in vivo by BOR treatment. Thereafter, we checked the in vitro effect of BOR to understand the mechanisms whereby BOR maintains osteocyte viability in bone from MM patients. We found that osteocyte and preosteocyte autophagic death was triggered during coculturing with MM cells. Our evaluation was conducted by analyzing either autophagy markers microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 beta (LC3B) and SQSTM1/sequestome 1 (p62) levels, or the cell ultrastructure by transmission electron microscopy. PIs were found to increase the basal levels of LC3 expression in the osteocytes while blunting the myeloma-induced osteocyte death. PIs also reduced the autophagic death of osteocytes induced by high-dose dexamethasone (DEX) and potentiated the anabolic effect of PTH(1-34). Our data identify osteocyte autophagy as a new potential target in MM bone disease and support the use of PIs to maintain osteocyte viability and improve bone integrity in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Toscani
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carla Palumbo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Benedetta Dalla Palma
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Hematology Unit, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Marzia Ferretti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marina Bolzoni
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchica
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Sena
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eugenia Martella
- Pathology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Mancini
- Pathology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Ferri
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Costa
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Accardi
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Hematology Unit, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Luisa Craviotto
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Hematology Unit, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Hematology Unit, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
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141
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Silbermann R, Roodman GD. Current Controversies in the Management of Myeloma Bone Disease. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2374-9. [PMID: 26910829 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent significant advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma have resulted in an improvement in median overall survival from 4.6 years, for patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2005, to 6.1 years, for those diagnosed between 2006 and 2010 (Kumar et al., 2014). However, myeloma bone lesions persist in the absence of active disease and continue to be frequent and significant causes of patient morbidity and contribute to mortality. While bisphosphonate therapy in combination with anti-myeloma therapy remains the cornerstone of skeletal disease management in myeloma, open questions regarding the optimal management of patients with myeloma bone disease remain. This article will address when to initiate and stop bone-targeted therapy in patients with monoclonal gammopathies, duration of bisphosphonate treatment in the era of more effective anti-myeloma treatment, the role of bone resorption markers in determining the dosing schedule for anti-resorptive therapy, risks and benefits of long term anti-resorptive therapy, and whether anti-resorptive therapies should be stopped to enhance the potential anabolic effects of proteasome antagonists and other anabolic agents. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2374-2379, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Silbermann
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Garson David Roodman
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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142
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Koenders MA, Saso R. A mathematical model of cell equilibrium and joint cell formation in multiple myeloma. J Theor Biol 2016; 390:73-9. [PMID: 26643942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease healthy bone remodelling is affected by tumour cells by means of paracrine cytokinetic signalling in such a way that osteoclast formation is enhanced and the growth of osteoblast cells inhibited. The participating cytokines are described in the literature. Osteoclast-induced myeloma cell growth is also reported. Based on existing mathematical models for healthy bone remodelling a three-way equilibrium model is presented for osteoclasts, osteoblasts and myeloma cell populations to describe the progress of the illness in a scenario in which there is a secular increase in the cytokinetic interactive effectiveness of paracrine processes. The equilibrium state for the system is obtained. The paracrine interactive effectiveness is explored by parameter variation and the stable region in the parameter space is identified. Then recently-discovered joint myeloma-osteoclast cells are added to the model to describe the populations inside lytic lesions. It transpires that their presence expands the available parameter space for stable equilibrium, thus permitting a detrimental, larger population of osteoclasts and myeloma cells. A possible relapse mechanism for the illness is explored by letting joint cells dissociate. The mathematics then permits the evaluation of the evolution of the cell populations as a function of time during relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Koenders
- Department Engineering and The Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - R Saso
- Bud Flanagan Ambulatory Outpatients Unit, The Royal Marsden, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5 PT, UK
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143
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Delgado-Calle J, Anderson J, Cregor MD, Hiasa M, Chirgwin JM, Carlesso N, Yoneda T, Mohammad KS, Plotkin LI, Roodman GD, Bellido T. Bidirectional Notch Signaling and Osteocyte-Derived Factors in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment Promote Tumor Cell Proliferation and Bone Destruction in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1089-100. [PMID: 26833121 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In multiple myeloma, an overabundance of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow induces localized osteolytic lesions that rarely heal due to increased bone resorption and suppressed bone formation. Matrix-embedded osteocytes comprise more than 95% of bone cells and are major regulators of osteoclast and osteoblast activity, but their contribution to multiple myeloma growth and bone disease is unknown. Here, we report that osteocytes in a mouse model of human MM physically interact with multiple myeloma cells in vivo, undergo caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, and express higher RANKL (TNFSF11) and sclerostin levels than osteocytes in control mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that osteocyte apoptosis was initiated by multiple myeloma cell-mediated activation of Notch signaling and was further amplified by multiple myeloma cell-secreted TNF. The induction of apoptosis increased osteocytic Rankl expression, the osteocytic Rankl/Opg (TNFRSF11B) ratio, and the ability of osteocytes to attract osteoclast precursors to induce local bone resorption. Furthermore, osteocytes in contact with multiple myeloma cells expressed high levels of Sost/sclerostin, leading to a reduction in Wnt signaling and subsequent inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. Importantly, direct contact between osteocytes and multiple myeloma cells reciprocally activated Notch signaling and increased Notch receptor expression, particularly Notch3 and 4, stimulating multiple myeloma cell growth. These studies reveal a previously unknown role for bidirectional Notch signaling that enhances MM growth and bone disease, suggesting that targeting osteocyte-multiple myeloma cell interactions through specific Notch receptor blockade may represent a promising treatment strategy in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Judith Anderson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Meloney D Cregor
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - John M Chirgwin
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nadia Carlesso
- Department of Pediatrics Indiana, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Toshiyuki Yoneda
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - G David Roodman
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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144
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Ting KR, Brady JJ, Hameed A, Le G, Meiller J, Verburgh E, Bayers C, Benjamin D, Anderson KC, Richardson PG, Dowling P, Clynes M, Fitzgibbon MC, O'Gorman P. Clinical utility of C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:82-8. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kay R. Ting
- Department of Haematology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Dublin 7 Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Jennifer J. Brady
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Diagnostic Endocrinology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - Abdul Hameed
- Department of Haematology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Dublin 7 Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Giao Le
- Department of Haematology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Dublin 7 Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Justine Meiller
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Estelle Verburgh
- Department of Haematology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - Christopher Bayers
- Department of Haematology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - Dalia Benjamin
- Department of Haematology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston MA USA
- Department of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Paul G. Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston MA USA
- Department of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Paul Dowling
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
- Department of Biology; Maynooth University; Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Maria C. Fitzgibbon
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Diagnostic Endocrinology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - Peter O'Gorman
- Department of Haematology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Dublin 7 Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
- School of Medicine & Medical Science; University College Dublin; Dublin 4 Ireland
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145
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[Detection of serum DKK1 in multiple myeloma and myeloma bone disease]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2016; 36:682-5. [PMID: 26462639 PMCID: PMC7348258 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
目的 探讨血清DKK1水平与多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者病程及MM骨病的关系。 方法 纳入2010–2014年诊治的145例MM患者及43名正常对照者,通过全身骨骼X线检查确定骨病情况,ELISA法检测血清dickkopf1 (DKK1)蛋白表达水平。 结果 145例患者中初治者79例,缓解者19例,复发进展者47例。初治组DKK1水平为2 155(646~35 251) ng/L,明显高于正常对照组[1487(646~2 577) ng/L,P=0.000]、缓解组[1 136(431~3 582) ng/L,P=0.001]及复发进展组[1 695(431~3 582)ng/L,P=0.037],差异均有统计学意义。复发进展组患者DKK1表达稍高于缓解患者,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.078)。合并骨病者的血清DKK1水平[2 519(646~35 251)ng/L]显著高于无骨病者[1 910(660~26 925)ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P=0.005),溶骨性病变部位0、1~3、>3处患者血清DKK1水平分别为1 910(660~26 925)、2 155(1 369~5 974)、2 547 (646~35 251)ng/L,差异有统计学意义(P=0.018)。 结论 MM患者血清DKK1表达水平不仅与MM疾病状态相关,且与溶骨性病变及其数目相关,为临床进行DKK1靶向治疗MM提供了理论依据。
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146
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Muz B, Ghazarian RN, Ou M, Luderer MJ, Kusdono HD, Azab AK. Spotlight on ixazomib: potential in the treatment of multiple myeloma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:217-26. [PMID: 26811670 PMCID: PMC4714737 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s93602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant therapeutic advances achieved with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) such as bortezomib and carfilzomib in prolonging the survival of patients with multiple myeloma, the development of drug resistance, peripheral neuropathy, and pharmacokinetic limitations continue to pose major challenges when using these compounds. Ixazomib is a second-generation PI with improved activity over other PIs. Unlike bortezomib and carfilzomib, which are administered by injection, ixazomib is the first oral PI approved by US Food and Drug Administration. This review discusses the biochemical properties, mechanisms of action, preclinical efficacy, and clinical trial results leading to the US Food and Drug Administration approval of ixazomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Nicole Ghazarian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Monica Ou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biology, St Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Micah John Luderer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hubert Daniel Kusdono
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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147
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MicroRNAs: Novel Crossroads between Myeloma Cells and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6504593. [PMID: 26881223 PMCID: PMC4736225 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6504593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy of differentiated plasma cells that accumulate in the bone marrow, where a complex microenvironment made by different cell types supports proliferation, survival, and drug resistance of tumor cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed or functionally deregulated in MM cells as the result of multiple genetic or epigenetic mechanisms and that also the tumor microenvironment regulates MM cell functions by miRNAs. Consistently, modulation of miRNA levels in MM cells has been demonstrated to impair their functional interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment and to produce significant antitumor activity even able to overcome the protective bone marrow milieu. This review will describe the most recent findings on miRNA function in the context of MM bone marrow microenvironment, focusing on the therapeutic potential of miRNA-based approaches.
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148
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Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma has changed dramatically in the past decade. The disease definition has been updated to include highly specific biomarkers in addition to established markers of end-organ damage. The staging system has been revised to combine both measures of tumor burden and disease biology. Advances in therapy have resulted in a marked improvement in overall survival. New drugs introduced in the past few years include carfilzomib, pomalidomide, panobinostat, ixazomib, elotuzumab, and daratumumab. In this review, we outline the current approach to the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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149
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Gonsalves WI, Godby K, Kumar SK, Costa LJ. Limiting early mortality: Do's and don'ts in the management of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol 2016. [PMID: 26214377 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the era of novel biological agents, multiple myeloma (MM) is often approached as a chronic condition. While survival continues to improve, population-level data indicate that early mortality remains a substantial barrier to advances in MM outcomes. Here we provide "do's and don'ts" management recommendations that may minimize the risk of early mortality and ensure that patients have the opportunity to benefit from the long term impact of new effective MM agents. Such recommendations encompass the early introduction of novel agents even in the presence of comorbidities and advanced age and aggressive management of MM-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Godby
- Division of Hematology and Oncology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama
| | - Shaji K. Kumar
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Luciano J. Costa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama
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150
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An update on molecular biology and drug resistance mechanisms of multiple myeloma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:413-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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